?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fmpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de%2F16120%2F&rft.title=A+Study+on+Financial+Deficit+and+Declining+Birthrate+%E2%80%94+From+the+Viewpoint+of+%E2%80%9CChildren+as+a+Social+Security+Revenue+Source%E2%80%9D+%E2%80%94-&rft.creator=Kazumasa%2C+Oguro&rft.creator=Shoichiro%2C+Yuyama&rft.subject=E62+-+Fiscal+Policy&rft.subject=H4+-+Publicly+Provided+Goods&rft.subject=J13+-+Fertility+%3B+Family+Planning+%3B+Child+Care+%3B+Children+%3B+Youth&rft.subject=H55+-+Social+Security+and+Public+Pensions&rft.subject=J1+-+Demographic+Economics&rft.description=While+social+security+systems+in+the+developed+countries+including+Japan+are+taking+pay-as-you-go+system+based+on+the+cooperation+between+generations%2C+the+fertility+number+as+a+tax+base+of+social+security+is+decreasing+and+the+low+fertility+tendency+is+common+in+the+developed+countries.+And+if+each+generation+behaves+with+considering+life-cycle+and+chooses+the+fertility+level+rationally%2C+it+is+considered+that+there+is+a+possibility+that+the+existence+of+coverage+for+social+security+by+fiscal+deficit+may+affect+the+fertility+to+some+extent.%0A+++Hence%2C+in+this+paper%2C+if+regarding+children+as+a+tax+base+of+social+security%2C+we+consider+the+following+analysis%3B%0A+++1)+from+a+macro+viewpoint%2C+by+constructing+a+dynamic+overlapping+generation+model%2C+how+the+coverage+for+social+security+by+fiscal+deficit+affects+on+fertility%2C%0A+++2)+from+a+micro+viewpoint%2C+in+case+that+there+is+no+relationship+between+social+security+transfer+and+fertility+of+each+household%2C+how+the+fertility+number+in+the+whole+economy+affects.%0A+++As+a+result%2C+to+1)%2C+we+get+an+implication+that+there+is+a+possibility+fiscal+deficit+may+affect+negatively+on+fertility+from+the+time+series+analysis+with+using+17+countries+panel+data.+Moreover%2C+to+2)%2C+from+a+micro+viewpoint%2C+by+simplified+Nash+equilibrium+game%2C+in+case+that+there+is+no+relationship+between+social+security+benefit+and+fertility+number%2C+there+is+a+negative+impact+as+compared+to+a+social+optimal+fertility+level.%0A+++In+this+paper%2C+it+is+shown+that%2C+if+children+are+regarded+as+a+tax+base%2C+in+order+to+avoid+the+negative+relationship%2C+it+is+necessary+to+consider+the+following+policies%3B%0A+++1)+the+coverage+for+social+security+by+fiscal+deficit+should+be+set+to+zero%2C%0A+++2)+and+a+system+such+that+the+payment+schedule+is+depending+on+the+number+of+household+children+should+be+introduced%2C+considering+the+balance+of+benefit+and+burden.&rft.date=2008-07&rft.type=MPRA+Paper&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fmpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de%2F16120%2F1%2FMPRA_paper_16120.pdf&rft.identifier=++Kazumasa%2C+Oguro+and+Shoichiro%2C+Yuyama++(2008)%3A+A+Study+on+Financial+Deficit+and+Declining+Birthrate+%E2%80%94+From+the+Viewpoint+of+%E2%80%9CChildren+as+a+Social+Security+Revenue+Source%E2%80%9D+%E2%80%94-.++Published+in%3A+Financial+Review+%2C+Vol.+No.88%2C+++(July+2008)++&rft.language=en