2024-03-28T09:10:52Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1205
2019-09-26T18:05:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3431
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1205/
Reappraising the classics - the case for a dynamic reformulation of the labour theory of value
Freeman, Alan
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
This article argues that simultaneous equation systems, widely regarded as a standard formalisation of labour value theory, import equilibrium assumptions which rule out a realistic or consistent theory of price formation. An alternative, dynamic formalisation exists yielding time-varying or dynamic labour values free of such assumptions.
We show that simultaneous equation systems, formally equivalent to neoclassical general equilibrium systems, cannot represent technical change or economic growth and apply only to hypothetical static economies in which neither the scale of output nor the technology changes. The resulting static values are a special, limiting case of dynamic values, which converge to them only tendentially and in the absence of technical change. Under conditions of technical change, dynamic values — and the prices and profit rates derived from them — differ systematically from those derived from simultaneous equation systems, and therefore provide a different foundation for economics.
We show that the behaviour of dynamic values corresponds more closely to observed reality than either neoclassical equilibrium prices or static labour values by showing how, in a dynamic framework, the rate of profit can, and in general does, fall despite productivity-enhancing technical change.
These results provide a rigorous foundation for the study of capital movements and technical change which is superior to conventional neoclassical price theory, calling for a radical reappraisal of the debate on value in this century.
1994-03-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1205/1/MPRA_paper_1205.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1994): Reappraising the classics - the case for a dynamic reformulation of the labour theory of value.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1206
2019-10-02T04:44:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3431
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1206/
Value and the foundation of Economic Dynamics
Freeman, Alan
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
This article constructs time-varying labour value measures free of such restrictions and shows that they call for a radical re-evaluation of this century's debate on value. We exhibit a counter-example to the Okishio theorem in which labour-saving innovation leads to a continuously-falling profit rate, and a dynamic approach to the classical problem of transforming values into prices in which the sum of values is equal to the sum of prices while the sum of profits remains equal to the sum of surplus values. Elsewhere we have exhibited a computer simulation model using these values. A dynamic value measure is thus practical, necessary, and the basis for a general reconstruction of economics.
1994-03-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1206/1/MPRA_paper_1206.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1994): Value and the foundation of Economic Dynamics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1207
2019-09-26T21:58:51Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1207/
Marx without Equilibrium
Freeman, Alan
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
This article presents a ‘sequential and non-dualist’ interpretation of Marx’s value theory. This terminology has since been replaced by the term ‘temporal single system’ (TSSI). In such an interpretation, values transform into prices in accordance with Marx’s two equalities, and the rate of profit falls in accordance with his formulation of the law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall.
1995-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1207/1/MPRA_paper_1207.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1995): Marx without Equilibrium. Published in: Capital and Class No. Issue number 56, Summer 1995 (July 1995): pp. 49-81.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1290
2019-09-26T15:16:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4230:423030
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1290/
Price, value and profit – a continuous, general, treatment
Freeman, Alan
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
B40 - General
B50 - General
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B00 - General
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
This text comprises chapter 13 of Marx and non-equilibrium Economics[1]. It provides a general mathematical specification of a non-equilibrium interpretation of Marx’s theory of value. It refutes the Okishio theorem and solves the transformation problem. It is a foundation work of scholarship within the TSSI (temporal single-system interpretation) of Marx.
It specifies temporal values within a continuous-time framework as opposed to a discrete-time framework, and shows how to pass from discrete or serial time (difference equation, sequential) formalisations to continuous (differential equation, temporal) formalisations of the conservation of value.
[1] Freeman, A. and Carchedi, G. (eds) (1996), Marx and Non-Equilibrium Economics, pp1-29. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. ISBN 1 85898 268 5.
1996-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1290/1/MPRA_paper_1290.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1996): Price, value and profit – a continuous, general, treatment. Published in: Marx and Non-Equilibrium Economics (book) (April 1996): pp. 180-233.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1291
2019-09-28T06:41:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4230:423030
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423533
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423136
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1291/
Mr Marx and the neoclassics
Freeman, Alan
B00 - General
B53 - Austrian
B41 - Economic Methodology
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B16 - Quantitative and Mathematical
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B50 - General
This article, presented to the Annual Conference of the History of Economics Society, Vancouver July 1996, gives a historical analysis of the origins of the general equilibrium or comparative static approach and demonstrates that economic thought as a whole is divided, in each of its schools of thought, between the equilibrium paradigm and its alternative, the temporal paradigm. This applies across the board with, for example, the divergence between Post-Keynesian or Kaleckian economics, between Austrian economics and Walrasian general equilibrium, and in many other contexts.
The article demonstrates the difference between the equilibrium and temporal approach using a demonstration of ‘adjustment’ effects in a simple corn-cycle model. It goes on to analyse the reasons why, in the history of thought, adjustment or dynamic effects have been considered as ignorable when in fact they are not.
It suggests that the traditional division of the succession of ideas in economic thought – physiocracy, the classics, Marx, marginalism – needs to be reviewed in this light, and argues for a reconsideration of the contribution of Marx to economics, placing him as the first and in many ways the most consistent in a suppressed non-equilibrium tradition in economic thought.
It suggests that in this light, Marx has more in common with Austrian and Post-Keynesian thinking than with Ricardo and Smith, among whose ranks he is normally and commonly grouped.
1996-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1291/1/MPRA_paper_1291.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1996): Mr Marx and the neoclassics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1539
2019-09-27T03:51:02Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4235
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423133
7375626A656374733D42:4234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1539/
The Psychopathology of Walrasian Marxism
Freeman, Alan
B50 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Stockholm School)
B4 - Economic Methodology
This text comprises chapter 1 of Marx and non-equilibrium Economics[1]. It specifies a non-equilibrium (temporal) interpretation of Marx’s theory of value which demonstrates a fully consistent transformation of values into prices and reproduces Marx’s tendential law of the falling profit rate. It seeks to explain why this approach to value is inaccessible to consciousness under present social relations, and why resistance to its acceptance has been particularly strong among Marxists.
[1] Freeman, A. (1996b) ‘The psychopathology of Walrasian Marxism’, in Freeman, A.. and Carchedi, G. (eds) (1996), Marx and Non-Equilibrium Economics, pp1-29. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. ISBN 1 85898 268 5.
1996
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1539/1/MPRA_paper_1539.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1996): The Psychopathology of Walrasian Marxism. Published in: Freeman, A. and Guglielmo Carchedi 'Marx and non-equilibrium economics', Aldershot: Edward Elgar (1996): pp. 1-29.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1541
2019-09-26T08:29:06Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3431
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1541/
The New Value debate and the birth of a paradigm
Freeman, Alan
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
This article updates the paper ‘Mr Marx and the Neoclassics’ presented at the July 1996 conference of the History of Economics Society in Vancouver.
It assesses the challenge presented by temporal analysis to both neoclassical orthodoxy and orthodox interpretations of Marx’s thought. It provides a rigorous value-theoretic account of the falling profit rate, of crisis, and of unequal world development rooted in an account of the value-price relation that conforms to Marx’s disputed expectations.
This challenge represents a convergence of a number of different strains of thought. It involves a systematic reconsideration of the role of money and its relation to value. And it explores an alternative to the persistent dogma that economic movement may be captured by the mutations of a static or simultaneous equation system in which the only dynamic effects are the temporal evolution of its parameters. This alternative view reinstates the notion which Marshall and Walras sought to extirpate, of successive or temporal causation. The combination of these two insights has been variously termed the sequential nondualist or temporal approach (a term due to Gil Skillman).
This revolution in thought, it is argued, goes beyond Marxist economics and offers a rigorous foundation for political economy as a whole.
It has met powerful resistance. The conclusion drawn is that two exercises are needed: To enquire into the reasons this resistance, and to situate the ‘new’ theory – in actuality a reassertion of classical orthodoxy – in the general framework of the history of political economy.
1997-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1541/1/MPRA_paper_1541.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1997): The New Value debate and the birth of a paradigm. Published in: ASSA conference 1997 (January 1997)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1648
2019-09-27T13:34:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483236
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443330
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453634
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503230
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503236
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1648/
Price adjustment under the table: Evidence on efficiency-enhancing corruption
Levy, Daniel
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
D30 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
E64 - Incomes Policy ; Price Policy
P20 - General
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
P26 - Political Economy ; Property Rights
H40 - General
Based on first-hand account, this paper offers evidence on price setting and price adjustment mechanisms that were illegally employed under the Soviet planning and rationing regime. The evidence is anecdotal, and is based on personal experience during the years 1960–1971 in the Republic of Georgia. The description of the social organization of the black markets and other illegal economic activities that I offer depicts the creative and sophisticated ways that were used to confront the shortages created by the inefficient centrally-planned command economic price system with its distorted relative prices. The evidence offers a glimpse of quite explicit micro-level evidence on various types of behavior and corruption that were common in Georgia. Rent-seeking behavior, however, led to emergence of remarkably well-functioning and efficiency enhancing black markets. The evidence, thus, underscores once again the role of incentives in a rent-seeking society.
2007-01-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1648/1/MPRA_paper_1648.pdf
Levy, Daniel (2007): Price adjustment under the table: Evidence on efficiency-enhancing corruption.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2040
2019-09-27T23:56:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433032
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433436
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423233
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2040/
The indeterminacy of price-value correlations: a comment on papers by Simo Mohun and Anwar Shaikh
Freeman, Alan
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
C02 - Mathematical Methods
C46 - Specific Distributions ; Specific Statistics
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B40 - General
B23 - Econometrics ; Quantitative and Mathematical Studies
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
This paper is the first published critique of the indeterminacy of price-value correlations and their inadequacy as empirical evidence for the determination of prices by values. It comments on the approach developed by Shaikh, Petrovic, Parys, Ochoa and others, according to which prices, as asserted by Ricardo, are empirically ‘97%’ determined by values.
This method calculates measures of distance (according to some or other measure such as Mean Absolute Distance, or correlation) between a vector of empirically-observed average price of a set of industrial sectors, and a vector of aggregate values calculated as the vertically-integrated labour coefficients of the same set of industrial sectors.
The present paper suggests, and establishes using a Monte Carlo method, that the observed correlations are most likely to ‘spurious’ since they can be entirely accounted for by variations in the size of the industrial sectors concerned.
The paper was published in the same volume as the paper from Anwar Shaikh to which it responds, as well as another by Simon Mohun on which the paper also comments. (Bellofiore, R (ed) Marxian Economics: a Reappraisal, Volume 2, pp139-162. Basingstoke: McMillan)
The controversy was subsequently developed in a number of exchanges including, in particular, papers in the Cambridge Journal of Economics between Andrew Kliman, Paul Cockshott and Allin Cottrell. It has further been discussed in papers by Ruben Osuna and Emilio Diaz which are at the time of submission unpublished, and in papers by Tsoulfidis and Maniatis also in the Cambridge Journal of Economics.
1998
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2040/1/MPRA_paper_2040.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1998): The indeterminacy of price-value correlations: a comment on papers by Simo Mohun and Anwar Shaikh. Published in: Bellofiore, R (ed) Marxian Economics: a Reappraisal, Volume 2, pp139-162. Basingstoke: McMillan. ISBN 0 333 64411 5 (1998): pp. 139-162.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2217
2019-09-26T10:06:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3431
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2217/
Time, the value of money and the quantification of value
Freeman, Alan
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B41 - Economic Methodology
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
This paper establishes, and illustrates for the case of the UK, a temporal method for calculating the labour values of outputs from any process or sector of a market economy.
It exhibits the temporal calculation of the Monetary Equivalent of Labour Time (MELT), the general ratio between monetary and labour time magnitudes, for a single national economy, but does not correct for the consequences of value transfers within the world economy as a whole. The method is nevertheless generalisable, provided international value transfers are properly accounted.
1998-09-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2217/1/MPRA_paper_2217.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1998): Time, the value of money and the quantification of value.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2572
2019-09-26T14:19:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3431
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2572/
What happens in recessions? A value-theoretic approach to Liquidity Preference
Freeman, Alan
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B41 - Economic Methodology
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
This paper develops the paper entitled ‘‘Time, the Value of Money and the Quantification of Value’ which was presented at the conference of the Middle East Technical University in September 1998. It presents the case for a value-theoretic treatment of liquidity preference in axiomatic form, based on a temporal analysis.
It discusses why temporal analysis is universally excluded from economic discourse. It argues that economic thought is divided not by the schism between classical and marginal, but the chasm between time and equilibrium. This divide is found in more or less every branch and every period in the history of economic thought; the classical variant of equilibrium appeared as Say’s Law, while the Austrians tried to become the temporal variant of marginalism. It suggests that the ‘Weintraub-Davidson-Eichner’ project is an attempt to identify what ‘temporalist’ approaches have in common. It argues there is a new element to this project, namely the growing body of evidence that Marx, too, was a temporalist, and that the temporal interpretation of Marx has more in common with Post-Keynesianism than it has with the rest of Marxism.
Keywords: Liquidity, Value, Quantification, MELT, MEL, Money, Labour, Marx, TSSI, Temporalism
1998-09-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2572/1/MPRA_paper_2572.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1998): What happens in recessions? A value-theoretic approach to Liquidity Preference.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2573
2019-09-27T06:53:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423133
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4235
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4234
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2573/
A dialogue concerning the two chief systems of value
Freeman, Alan
B50 - General
B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Stockholm School)
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B4 - Economic Methodology
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
This paper was presented to the Brasilian Society for Political Economy at its 1998 conference. It presents the principal differences between the temporal and the simultaneist approach to the theory of value. It was the first paper to present a formal conceptual analogy between the temporal approach in economics, and the Galilean approach in astronomy. At that time, the problem which I sought to address was, how is retrogression possible in economic thought? This same question is at the centre of my response to Laibman in 'The new value controversy in economics'.
Keywords: Temporalism; TSSI; Value; Marx; rate of profit; transformation; non-equilibrium; Walras;
1998-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2573/1/MPRA_paper_2573.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1998): A dialogue concerning the two chief systems of value.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2574
2019-09-28T02:01:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4234
7375626A656374733D42:4233:423331
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2574/
The limits of Ricardian value: law, contingency and motion in economics
Freeman, Alan
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B4 - Economic Methodology
B31 - Individuals
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
This paper discusses the relation between law and contingency in the formation of value. It begins from a much-ignored assertion of Marx, repeated throughout his works, that the equality of supply and demand is contingent and their non-equality constitutes their law. This highly complex and original idea leads us to the idea of capitalism, and a market, as an entity which perpetuates itself by failing to perpetuate itself: it is the fact that supply diverges from demand which causes the system to continue, not the fact that supply equals demand, which is only the case as a statistical average and never exactly holds.
This fundamental and unrecognised difference between Marx’s approach and that of the classicals also distinguishes Marx from most modern economics, which has focussed on equilibrium as the de facto defining principle from which value may be deduced. The problem is exactly the opposite: it is to define a conception of value which does not require equilibrium and makes no presupposition that supply equals demand, that goods are sold, that profits equalise, or that any of the ‘lawlike’ properties of an ideal market actually hold.
The ‘lawlike’ properties of a market must then be deduced as an outcome of the dynamic, that is temporal, behaviour of the market, expressed in terms of the interaction between value so defined and use value. In order that such a concept of value may have universal applicability, price has to be reformulated as a form of value, and money theorised on this foundation. This article, presented to the EEA mini-conference on value in 1999, sets out the general principles involved.
Keywords: Crisis, inequality, market failure, TSSI, Temporalism, Marx, Value, Marshall, Walras, equilibrium, non-equilibrium, history of thought, Keynes, Austrian Economics, Post-Keynesian economics, Ricardo
1999-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2574/1/MPRA_paper_2574.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1999): The limits of Ricardian value: law, contingency and motion in economics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2588
2019-09-28T01:06:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4230:423030
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2588/
Marxian debates on the falling rate of profit
Freeman, Alan
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
B40 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B00 - General
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B50 - General
The purpose of this paper is to examine the discussion among marxists about the rate of profit. This is done by the method of symptomatic reading, hence in a different way from what has become standard. Beginning from the fact that Marx and his critics draw diametrically opposite conclusions from the same premises – continuously rising productivity as a defining element of accumulation – I enquire into the presuppositions and necessary conclusions of the two opposed interpretations in order to lay bare the logical world-view which underlies them.
I show that the opposed conclusions which are drawn by scholars from the two main paradigms arise not from errors of logic but from their opposed value concepts. My aim is, without presupposing which is right, to investigate what each concept actually is.
This paper is non-mathematical but contains many numerical examples and a detailed textual exigesis. It is a good starting point for the new student of temporal approaches to value and their difference from the simultaneist (equilibrium) standpoint.
It contains a more or less complete non-mathematical exposition of the temporal calculation of the profit rate, and demonstrates that the simultaneist approach leads to the creation of value without labour.
Keywords: value, TSSI, temporalism, rate of profit, Marx, MELT, Okishio
2000-06-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2588/1/MPRA_paper_2588.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2000): Marxian debates on the falling rate of profit.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2618
2019-10-04T04:37:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
7375626A656374733D41:4131
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4230:423030
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2618/
Value and Marx: why it matters
Freeman, Alan
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B40 - General
A1 - General Economics
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B00 - General
B50 - General
This is the English version of ‘Valore e Marx: Perche sono importanti’ which appeared in Vasopollo, L (2002) (ed) ‘Un Vecchio Falso Problema: La Transformazione dei valori in prezzi nel Capital di Marx’, Roma: Laboratoria per la critica sociale.
It was presented at the May 2002 conference organised by the Laboratorio per la critica sociale in Rome.
It summarises the debate to this point on the temporal and simultaneous approaches to value and on the alleged inconsistencies in Marx’s approach.
Keywords: TSSI, MELT, value, Marx, price, profit rate, Okishio, non-equilibrium, equilibrium, money, sraffa
2002-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2618/1/MPRA_paper_2618.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2002): Value and Marx: why it matters. Published in: Proteo No. 2001-2 (2002): pp. 52-61.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2619
2019-09-26T13:19:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4235
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
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7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2619/
Marx After Marx After Sraffa
Freeman, Alan
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B4 - Economic Methodology
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B50 - General
B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Stockholm School)
This paper was originally presented at a conference on value organized by the Laboratory for Social Change in Rome, which staged a debate on value theory involving Andrew Kliman, Alan Freeman, Mino Carchedi, Gary Mongiovi, Fabio Petri, Duncan Foley, and Ernesto Screpanti.
The paper was a contribution to this discussion. The most complete version was presented to the 2002 conference of the Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara, September 2002. This version was presented to the annual conference of the Association for Heterodox Economics (AHE) in July 2002.
The article contains an initial response to Gary Mongiovi’s critique of the TSSI presented at the Eastern Economic Association and subsequently printed in the Review of Radical Political Economy [Mongiovi, G (2002), Vulgar Economy in Marxian Garb: A Critique of Temporal Single System Marxism, paper to the 2002 conference of the Eastern Economic Association; Mongiovi, Gary. 2002. Vulgar Economy in Marxian Garb: A critique of temporal single-system Marxism, Review of Radical Political Economics 34:4, 393–416.]
Keywords: Value, Marx, Price, Money, Sraffa, Transformation, rate of profit, Okishio, TSSI, MELT, Temporal, Non-equilibrium, History of Economic Thought.
2002
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2619/1/MPRA_paper_2619.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2002): Marx After Marx After Sraffa.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2620
2019-09-29T06:00:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3431
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2620/
Marx after Marx after Sraffa
Freeman, Alan
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
This paper was first presented at the conference on value of The Laboratory for Social Critique, Rome, May, 21, 2002 and subsequently at the 2002 conference of the Association for Heterodox Economics, July 2002.
This is the most complete version, presented to the 2002 conference of the Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara, September 2002.
The Rome conference staged a debate on value theory involving Andrew Kliman, Alan Freeman, Mino Carchedi, Gary Mongiovi, Fabio Petri, Duncan Foley, and Ernesto Screpanti. The article was originally written for this discussion.
The article contains an initial response to Mongiovi’s critique of the TSSI presented at the Eastern Economic Association and subsequently printed in the Review of Radical Political Economy [Mongiovi, G (2002), Vulgar Economy in Marxian Garb: A Critique of Temporal Single System Marxism, paper to the 2002 conference of the Eastern Economic Association; Mongiovi, Gary. 2002. Vulgar Economy in Marxian Garb: A critique of temporal single-system Marxism, Review of Radical Political Economics 34:4, 393–416.]
Keywords: Value; Marx; Price; Money; Sraffa; Transformation; rate of profit; Okishio; TSSI; MELT; Temporal; Non-equilibrium; History of Economic Thought.
2002-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2620/1/MPRA_paper_2620.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2002): Marx after Marx after Sraffa.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3874
2020-03-10T05:32:18Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3895
2019-09-28T04:54:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3895/
The Transformation Problem: A Tale of Two Interpretations
Bieri, David
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
Over 100 years since Marx's value theory of labour was first published, the so-called ``transformation problem'' -- deriving prices from values and providing a theory of profits as arising from surplus value -- has inspired the imagination of
economists of all shades of intellectual suasion. However, while mainstream economists have by and large come to dismiss the transformation problem as a trivial technical exercise, the issue has recently received renewed attention in Marxian economic theory.
This paper provides a broad historical overview of the transformation problem and specifically focuses on similarities and differences of how the transformation problem has been interpreted, why it was put to rest in mainstream economics and how it has
regained prominence in Marxian economics.
2007-05-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3895/1/MPRA_paper_3895.pdf
Bieri, David (2007): The Transformation Problem: A Tale of Two Interpretations.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5585
2019-09-30T17:57:35Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
7375626A656374733D42:4230:423030
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D41:4131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5585/
Valore e Marx: Perche sono importanti
Freeman, Alan
B50 - General
B00 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B40 - General
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
A1 - General Economics
This is the Italian version of ‘Value and Marx: why it matters’ which appeared in Vasopollo, L (2002) (ed) ‘Un Vecchio Falso Problema: La Transformazione dei valori in prezzi nel Capital di Marx’, Roma: Laboratoria per la critica sociale.
It was presented at the May 2002 conference organised by the Laboratorio per la critica sociale in Rome.
It summarises the debate to this point on the temporal and simultaneous approaches to value and on the alleged inconsistencies in Marx’s approach.
Keywords: TSSI, MELT, value, Marx, price, profit rate, Okishio, non-equilibrium, equilibrium, money, sraffa
2002-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5585/1/MPRA_paper_5585.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2002): Valore e Marx: Perche sono importanti. Published in: Proteo No. 2001-2 (2002): pp. 52-61.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5590
2019-09-28T16:31:23Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
7375626A656374733D42:4230:423030
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5590/
Confronting the Evidence: Marx's Historians on the Falling Profit Rate
Freeman, Alan
B50 - General
B00 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B40 - General
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
This article presents a detailed textual analysis of Marx’s actual account of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall and attempts to recover the initial logic of the analysis
It sets this against early discussion on Marx’s value theory and shows, in a non-mathematical manner, how a purely physical conception of the profit rate was substituted for the value profit rate, as a consequence of the interpretation of Marx’s value theory within a general equilibrium framework, introduced by Bortkiewicz and subsequently adopted by academic Marxism.
It demonstrates how the consistency of Marx’s logic emerges on the basis of a temporal interpretation of Marx’s value theory.
Presented to the 7th annual conference of the Association for Heterodox Economics, London, sessions on ‘Whig History in Economics and (re) interpretation of theory. City University, July 15-17 2005.
2004-07-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5590/1/MPRA_paper_5590.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2004): Confronting the Evidence: Marx's Historians on the Falling Profit Rate.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6713
2019-09-29T00:59:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4230
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D41:4131
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6713/
Between Two World Systems: A Response to David Laibman
Freeman, Alan
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B40 - General
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B0 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
A1 - General Economics
B50 - General
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
Prepublication version of article that appeared as Zarembka, P (ed) Economic Theory of Capitalism and its Crises, Research in Political Economy 17, pp241-48. Stanford, CT: JAI Press.
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/621298/description#description
This article formed part of a four-way exchange on the rate of profit which appeared in Research in Political Economy in 1999 and 2000, between David Laibman, Duncan Foley, Andrew Kliman and Alan Freeman. This piece constituted Freeman’s response to an initial critique by Laibman of the Temporal Single System Interpretation (TSSI) of Marx’s value theory. Applying an alternative valuation to the TSSI, he shows that a rising rate of profit can be deduced where the TSSI finds a falling one; and concludes that temporalism cannot be responsible for TSS results. This is of course true: a falling value profit rate arises from the specific combination of temporalism and valuation by the magnitude of labour time. However Laibman accepts the most important conclusion of TSSI research, namely, it refutes Okishio’s theorem, according to which under no circumstances can the rate of profit fall with cost-saving technical change. Since SSI results exhibit such a circumstance, the theorem is false.
My response goes further to establish the precise conditions under which the value rate of profit falls: The maximum profit rate falls if the value invested, as a proportion of the value of accumulated capital, is greater than the rate of increase in living labour. The response also demonstrates that simultaneous valuation results in a violation of the principle that value can arise only from production, a principle preserved in the TSSI derivation of value.
1999-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6713/1/MPRA_paper_6713.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1999): Between Two World Systems: A Response to David Laibman. Published in: Research in Political Economy No. 17 (April 1999): pp. 241-248.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6715
2019-09-26T22:05:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4230
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D41:4131
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6715/
Two Concepts of Value, Two Rates of Profit, Two Laws of Motion
Freeman, Alan
Kliman, Andrew
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B40 - General
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B0 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
A1 - General Economics
B50 - General
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
Article that appeared as Zarembka, P (ed) Economic Theory of Capitalism and its Crises, Research in Political Economy 18, pp241-48. Stanford, CT: JAI Press.
(http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/621298/description#description)
Responds to debate initiated in Research in Political Economy 17
(http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/621907/description#description)
This article formed part of a four-way exchange on the rate of profit which appeared in Research in Political Economy 17 and 18 in 1999 and 2000, between David Laibman, Duncan Foley, Andrew Kliman and Alan Freeman. This piece constituted Freeman and Kliman’s response to the contributions of Foley and Laibman, themselves a response to our reactions to Laibman’s initial critique of the Temporal Single System Interpretation (TSSI) of Marx’s value theory.
Our response establishes that both Laibman and Foley concede the fundamental point in the debate: there exist circumstances under which the rate of profit falls under cost-saving technical change, refuting Okishio’s theorem which states that the rate of profit cannot fall on these presuppositions in any circumstances.
Our response assesses the reasons that, although Okishio’s theorem has been disproved, Marxist authors are unable or unwilling to acknowledge this fact. We dissect the faulty mathematical reasoning that lies behind the following notion: ‘the temporal rate of profit may fall, but it may also rise. Since it does not inevitably fall, Okishio’s theorem holds’. In fact, Okishio’s theorem asserts that the rate of profit may never fall. Therefore, mathematically, if a case is exhibited in which, under Okishio’s assumptions, the rate of profit does fall, the theorem is thereby disproved.
Our response then establishes the general conditions under which the rate of profit does, or does not, fall.
Keywords: TSSI, MELT, value, Marx, price, profit rate, Okishio, non-equilibrium, equilibrium, money
2000-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6715/1/MPRA_paper_6715.pdf
Freeman, Alan and Kliman, Andrew (2000): Two Concepts of Value, Two Rates of Profit, Two Laws of Motion. Published in: Research in Political Economy No. 18 (April 2000): pp. 243-267.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6717
2019-09-28T09:26:37Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4230
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D41:4131
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6717/
Rejoinder to Duncan Foley and David Laibman
Kliman, Andrew
Freeman, Alan
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B40 - General
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B0 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
A1 - General Economics
B50 - General
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
Article that appeared as Zarembka, P (ed) Economic Theory of Capitalism and its Crises, Research in Political Economy 18, pp285-93. Stanford, CT: JAI Press.
(http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/621298/description#description)
Responds to debate initiated in Research in Political Economy 17
(http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/621907/description#description)
This article formed the final part of a four-way exchange on the rate of profit which appeared in Research in Political Economy 17 and 18 in 1999 and 2000, between David Laibman, Duncan Foley, Andrew Kliman and Alan Freeman. This piece constituted Kliman and Freeman’s final response to the debate around Laibman’s initial critique of the Temporal Single System Interpretation (TSSI) of Marx’s value theory.
Keywords: TSSI, MELT, value, Marx, price, profit rate, Okishio, non-equilibrium, equilibrium, money
2000-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6717/1/MPRA_paper_6717.pdf
Kliman, Andrew and Freeman, Alan (2000): Rejoinder to Duncan Foley and David Laibman. Published in: Research in Political Economy No. 18 (April 2000): pp. 285-293.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6722
2019-09-26T09:26:07Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
7375626A656374733D42:4230:423030
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D41:4131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6722/
Geld (Money)
Freeman, Alan
B50 - General
B00 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B40 - General
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
A1 - General Economics
This is the English language version of the entry on ‘Money’ (‘Geld’) in the ‘Historisch Kritisch Wörterbuch des Marxismus’, a comprehensive dictionary of Marxist terminology being produced as an accompaniment to the Marx-Engels-Gesamt-Arbeite (Marx-Engels collected works), a comprehensive critical edition of the works of Marx and Engels
The German-language version is available separately on this site
‘Geld’, entry in Historisch Kritisch Wörterbuch des Marxismus, Band 5: Gegenöffentlichkeit–Hegemonialapparat. Hamburg: Argument-Verlag, ISBN 3-88619-435-3
2004-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6722/1/MPRA_paper_6722.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2004): Geld (Money). Published in: Historisch Kritisch Wörterbuch des Marxismus, Band 5: Gegenöffentlichkeit–Hegemonialapparat. No. Band 5 (May 2004)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6724
2019-09-28T04:32:29Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
7375626A656374733D42:4230:423030
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D41:4131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6724/
Geld
Freeman, Alan
B50 - General
B00 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B40 - General
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
A1 - General Economics
This is a prepublication version of the German language version of the entry on ‘Money’ (‘Geld’) in the ‘Historisch Kritisch Wörterbuch des Marxismus’, a comprehensive dictionary of Marxist terminology being produced as an accompaniment to the Marx-Engels-Gesamt-Arbeite (Marx-Engels collected works), a comprehensive critical edition of the works of Marx and Engels
The English-language version is available separately on this site
‘Geld’, entry in Historisch Kritisch Wörterbuch des Marxismus, Band 5: Gegenöffentlichkeit–Hegemonialapparat. Hamburg: Argument-Verlag, ISBN 3-88619-435-3
2004-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6724/1/MPRA_paper_6724.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2004): Geld. Published in: Historisch Kritisch Wörterbuch des Marxismus, Band 5: Gegenöffentlichkeit–Hegemonialapparat. No. Band 5 (May 2004)
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6743
2019-09-27T11:14:02Z
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7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
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7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6743/
Value, Price of Production and Market Price
Freeman, Alan
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B40 - General
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B0 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
A1 - General Economics
B50 - General
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
This entry, submitted to Philip O’Hara’s Encyclopedia of Political Economy but not included in it, contrasts the temporal and simultaneist approaches to the formation of price and its relation to value.
Keywords: price, value, transformation, Marx, TSSI, non-equilibrium, history of economic thought
2000-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6743/1/MPRA_paper_6743.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2000): Value, Price of Production and Market Price.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6811
2019-09-28T16:30:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3431
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6811/
Reply to some objections
Freeman, Alan
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B41 - Economic Methodology
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
This article responds to a number of criticisms of the TSSI (sequential non-dualist) approach to the theory of value, in particular Duncan Foley’s 1997 review of Freeman and Carchedi (eds) Marx and non-equilibrium Economics, and comments from Fred Moseley in exchanges on the OPE-L discussion list.
It deals in particular with the issue of the revaluation of capital arising from price changes and inventory adjustment. It establishes that the equilibrium interpretation of Marx’s value theory leads to the creation of value out of nothing (that is, without labour) in circumstances where values are rising, for example, due to poor harvests, or as a direct or indirect result of shortages of raw inputs such as metals.
Keywords: TSSI, MELT, value, Marx, price, profit rate, Okishio, non-equilibrium, equilibrium, money
1998-09-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6811/1/MPRA_paper_6811.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1998): Reply to some objections.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6812
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6812/
An Invasive Metaphor: the Concept of Centre of Gravity in Economics
Freeman, Alan
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B4 - Economic Methodology
B31 - Individuals
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
This paper undertakes a critical examination of the concept of 'centre of gravity' as adapted by economics from classical mechanics, relating it to the idea of 'long-run' profits, prices and quantities, as presented in the work of the post-Sraffians.(1) It will also address the origin of this concept of 'long-run' in Marshall's distinction between long-run and short-run determinations of economic magnitudes.
It shows that economists have generally conceived of centre of gravity as a theoretical magnitude which is not observed, but around which observed magnitudes oscillate either randomly or in some deterministic manner; this much is generally agreed. This idea has, however, been interpreted in two distinct ways in the history of economic thought:
(1) as an attractor dynamically determined at each point in time by path-dependent historical processes which have led the economy to be in its present state.
(2) as a hypothetical static equilibrium state of the
economy determined independent of history by its current exogenous parameters (utility, technical capacity, etc)
It demonstrates that these two ideas are necessarily distinct and that both must be taken into account in any pluralistic research programme. Mathematically the attractor of a variable is not in general equal to its hypothetical static equilibrium, except in highly restricted circumstances such as the absence of technical change. Moreover, again outside of exceptional circumstances, the divergence between the predictions of observed magnitudes given by the two approaches increases over time, so that it cannot even be accepted that one converges on the other. Error will therefore result if it is assumed a priori that (1) is identical to (2).
The fact that the two conceptions lead to different predictions does not decide that either one is correct. This should be determined empirically and therefore, an agreed empirical test should be established by the community of social scientists or, better still, society.
The paper will argue that, empirically, the 'test variable' against which both conceptions should be checked is the time average of the variables in question. This is not a distinct concept of 'centre of gravity' but an empirical observable.
In a pluralistic programme, the predictions of both
conceptions should be evaluated against this proposed test variable.
The second part of the paper examines the common basis for the critical stance taken by both Keynes and Marx to the second conception, which is rooted in a common attitude to the relation between substance and accident, and a correspondingly similar conception of uncertainty. It will relate this to the work of Quetelet and the development of the statistical method in sociology which, it will argue, is rooted in an ontologically distinct conception of social magnitudes to that found in economics, closer to the concept which Keynes and Marx shared.
It argues that the post-Sraffian conception of long-run is based on a fallacious identification of these two distinct concepts, rendering the post-Sraffian approach equally incompatible with Keynes's and Marx's theories.
It argues that the post-Sraffian conception of centre of gravity is 'intrinsically antipluralistic' in that it depends absolutely on the conflation of two concepts which are in fact necessarily distinct, leading to the suppression of the non-equilibrium concept as an alternative to the scientific procedure of testing the predictions of both concepts against an observable.
2006-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6812/1/MPRA_paper_6812.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2006): An Invasive Metaphor: the Concept of Centre of Gravity in Economics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6890
2019-09-26T20:20:02Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6890/
Replicating Marx: a Reply to Mohun
Kliman, Andrew
Freeman, Alan
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B4 - Economic Methodology
B31 - Individuals
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
This is a prepublication version of ‘Replicating Marx: a reply to Mohun’, Capital and Class No. 88, Spring 2006, pp 117-123. ISSN 0309 8168
Kliman (2001) showed that “simultaneist” interpretations – those which hold that Marx valued inputs and outputs simultaneously – contradict his exploitation theory of profit, while the temporal single-system interpretation (TSSI) conforms to it. Mohun, S. 2003. “On the TSSI and the Exploitation Theory of Profit,” Capital and Class 81, Autumn 2003, pp85-102. calls these demonstrations into question. This note defends them.
2006-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6890/1/MPRA_paper_6890.pdf
Kliman, Andrew and Freeman, Alan (2006): Replicating Marx: a Reply to Mohun. Published in: Capital and Class No. 88 (April 2006): pp. 117-123.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6891
2019-09-27T03:49:22Z
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7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
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7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6891/
Simultaneous Valuation vs. the Exploitation Theory of Profit: A summing up
Freeman, Alan
Kliman, Andrew
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B4 - Economic Methodology
B31 - Individuals
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
Prepublication version of ‘Simultaneous Valuation vs. the Exploitation Theory of Profit: A summing up’, forthcoming in Capital and Class #94, Spring 2008
This paper examines the claims made by Simon Mohun and Roberto Veneziani in their Capital and Class #92 article entitled ‘The incoherence of the TSSI: a reply to Kliman and Freeman’. We show that they have effectively conceded that simultaneist interpretations of Marx’s theory contradict his conclusion that exploitation (workers’ surplus labor) is the exclusive source of profit in capitalism. We demonstrate the errors of logic in their claim that the TSS interpretation is incoherent.
The debate thus confirms that the TSS interpretation – contrary to simultaneist interpretations – reproduce all Marx’s principal disputed conclusions and therefore constitutes a superior interpretation of his theory of value.
2008-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6891/1/MPRA_paper_6891.pdf
Freeman, Alan and Kliman, Andrew (2008): Simultaneous Valuation vs. the Exploitation Theory of Profit: A summing up. Published in: Capital and Class No. 94 (January 2008)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6892
2019-09-28T11:46:30Z
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7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6892/
Die Himmel über uns: Über die Bedeutung des Gleichgewichts für die Wirtschaftswissenschaft
Freeman, Alan
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B4 - Economic Methodology
B31 - Individuals
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
This article was published in Freeman, Alan (2006): Die Himmel über uns. Über die Bedeutung des Gleichgewichts für die Wirtschaftswissenschaft, EXIT! Krise und Kritik der Warengesellschaft 3, 212-241
It is the German translation of an chapter originally published in Mosini, V (ed) (2007) Equilibrium in Economics: Scope and Limits. London: Routledge ISBN 0415391377 It was entitled ‘Heavens above: what equilibrium means for economics’, and appeared on pp240-260.
The book was devoted to a dialogue between the natural and the social sciences on the concept of equilibrium, arising from a series of seminars organised by the Centre for the Political and Natural Sciences by Valeria Mosini, in 2006.
In this article I suggest how a natural scientist can understand the use which economics makes of the word ‘equilibrium’. I argue that a simple concept, unexceptionable for the study of many physical phenomena, has been transformed into something completely different. If, therefore, we naively expect to find it applied in economics in the same way as ‘energy’ in physics or ‘molecule’ in chemistry, as a means of describing and explaining what an impartial observer may independently verify, we will misunderstand its real significance.
My basic thesis is that the educated public makes a mistake in accepting, at face value, the claim that economics conducts itself as a science. I will argue that, as at present practiced, it conducts itself as a religion. I argue that the concept of equilibrium is the organising principle of this religion.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6892/1/MPRA_paper_6892.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2006): Die Himmel über uns: Über die Bedeutung des Gleichgewichts für die Wirtschaftswissenschaft. Published in: EXIT! Krise und Kritik der Warengesellschaft No. 3 (2006): pp. 212-241.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7629
2019-09-28T18:12:51Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7629/
Family evolution and contemporary social transformations
Sergio, Reuben
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
H31 - Household
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
B49 - Other
J12 - Marriage ; Marital Dissolution ; Family Structure ; Domestic Abuse
D60 - General
In the first place, this paper intends to analyze the kind of relationships existing inside the family. In order to do that, the author makes an effort to reconsider its historical forming process applying the classical anthropological texts. At this stage, the analysis proposes two different types of relationships between human beings, the primal, which arose from the most elementary feelings of love, protection, accompaniment, and the strictly social, risen from the needs of cooperation and collective work. The family is the expression of both kinds of relationships. In the second place, this work analyzes the nuclear family as a result of a historical process associated to the development of capital and the social conditions that make possible its consolidation. And in the third place, the author proposes the discussion on the crisis of the nuclear family under the perspective of the contemporary global transformation of the accumulation of capital. As a conclusion: some reflections on the perspectives that these transformations offer to the role of the family.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7629/1/MPRA_paper_7629.pdf
Sergio, Reuben (2005): Family evolution and contemporary social transformations. Published in: Journal of comparative Family Studies , Vol. 37, No. No. 4
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9011
2019-10-06T04:23:02Z
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7375626A656374733D42:4234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9011/
Replacement Costs, Stocks and the Valuation of Inputs
Freeman, Alan
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B4 - Economic Methodology
This unpublished paper, written for distribution on the OPE-L list, seeks to clarify the conception of socially necessary labour time in Marx’s conception of value. It shows that this is not reducible to ‘replacement cost’ as simultaneist authors argue. Moreover that the implied conception of a compulsion upon capitalists to replace consumed inputs, along with attendant concepts such as a physical surplus product arising from replacement in kind, is alien to Marx’s thinking. The notion of replacement cost leads to obvious logical contradiction, and a full treatment must account properly for stocks of constant capital.
This is an earlier version of the paper by the same name that was submitted to the 1995 conference of the Eastern Economic Association
1995-04-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9011/1/MPRA_paper_9011.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1995): Replacement Costs, Stocks and the Valuation of Inputs.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11759
2019-09-26T15:58:14Z
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7375626A656374733D42:4231:423130
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7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11759/
A Note on Ronald Meek's 'Studies in the Labour Theory of Value'
Hagendorf, Klaus
B10 - General
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
D46 - Value Theory
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
Ronald Meek has (deliberately) ignored a very important discovery of Jevons. When labour is measured in terms of marginal labour values prices are proportional to these values and commodities exchange accordingly. This has been rediscovered by Soviet economists and that has been published in the JEL in the 70ies. Furthermore it is shown that under neoclassical assumptions the vector of marginal labour values is equal to the Sraffian vector of quantities of dated labour.
2006-09-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11759/1/MPRA_paper_11759.pdf
Hagendorf, Klaus (2006): A Note on Ronald Meek's 'Studies in the Labour Theory of Value'.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11761
2019-10-01T12:29:56Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11761/
Fictitious Capital and Crises
Meacci, Ferdinando
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
E11 - Marxian ; Sraffian ; Kaleckian
This paper is concerned with chapters 25-35 of Part V, The Division of Profit into Interest and Profit of Enterprise, of Volume 3 of Capital. These chapters may be properly grouped in an ideal Part to be possibly titled "Credit and Crises, or Money Capital and Fictitious Capital" and is referred to in this paper as 'the unidentified Part'. This Part should be strictly considered as a follow-up of Part IV, The Transformation of Commodity Capital and Money Capital into Commodity-Dealing Capital and Money-Dealing Capital (Merchant's Capital) in the sense that while the former deals with the role played by merchant's capital, and particularly by money-dealing capital, the latter deals with the obstruction or perversion inflicted on this role by money capital being turned into fictitious capital by an improper use of credit.
The paper is structured in three ideal sections. The aim of the first section is to clear the debris of 'the unidentified Part' and to reconstruct Marx's own thinking about the nature and role of credit and of fictitious capital in relation to the concept of merchant's capital and to the phenomenon of crises. On the contrary, the second section, which is mostly focused on different forms versus different sets of crises, highlights some contradictions in Marx's unsystematic treatment of the relations between financial and real crises. The third section is derived from the arguments set out in the previous two sections. Its aim is to assess Marx's similarity with Keynes on the matter of 'money as money' and of financial crises. Its conclusion (which is also the conclusion of the paper) is that this similarity, however strong with regard to the role of money as a store of value, is bound to collapse if Marx's law of the falling rate of profit is believed to be true. For in this case the fictitious-capital theory of crises developed in 'the unidentified Part' acquires a secondary importance while financial crises come to be viewed as a typical effect, rather than as the cause, of real crises.
1998
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11761/1/MPRA_paper_11761.pdf
Meacci, Ferdinando (1998): Fictitious Capital and Crises. Published in: Bellofiore R. (ed.), Marxian Economics: A Reappraisal , Vol. Vol.1, No. London: Macmillan (1998): pp. 189-204.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16804
2019-09-26T22:16:54Z
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7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16804/
L'ARTICULATION DES MODES DE PRODUCTION CHEZ GEORG ELWERT
Ahohounkpanzon, Michel
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
A14 - Sociology of Economics
This paper presents the concept of articulation of modes of production in the works of the german africanist Georg Elwert born in 1947 and died in 2005. After the explanation of concepts of mode of production and articulation of modes of production, the paper analyzes how Professor Georg Elwert trained at Heidelberg has used them at Bielefeld and Berlin to analyze the interaction between peasant society, penetration of the central State and Market Economy in Benin (formerly Dahomey) in the late 70s and early 80s. The analysis of African societies and Benin through the paradigm of the articulation modes of production made by Georg Elwert is of interest to those who study these companies and their transformations in a globalization time because his work offer new interpretations and important starting point for research in the complex between farmers, state and market in contemporary Africa . Innovations developed by Elwert relate to aspects such as the economy of solidarity, conflicts, corruption, the “commando State” and markets of violence.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16804/1/MPRA_paper_16804.pdf
Ahohounkpanzon, Michel (2009): L'ARTICULATION DES MODES DE PRODUCTION CHEZ GEORG ELWERT. Published in: Paulin J Hountondji (éditeur) ; 2009 : L’Ancien et le Nouveau ; la Production du savoir dans l’Afrique d’Aujourd’hui, Cotonou, Centre Africain de Hautes Etudes (2009): pp. 491-497.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17339
2019-09-26T22:21:34Z
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7375626A656374733D44:4434:443436
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17339/
Towards a Political Economy of the Hunters and Gatherers: A Study in Historical Materialism
Hagendorf, Klaus
D46 - Value Theory
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
Z10 - General
D20 - General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
This paper uses the mode of production of the hunter-gatherers as a background to explain basic economic concepts, in particular the meaning of the labour theory of value and it's relationship to optimization of resources. A proof of the marginal value theorem is presented. A new term is introduced to designate labour surplus value, roundabout labour. The analytical expression for socially necessary labour is derived and Adam Smith's paradox between labour value and the adding-up theorem of wages, rent and profit, is resolved. It is shown that far from being limited to the ancient form of society of the hunter-gatherers the labour theory of value holds also in modern
times.
2009-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17339/1/MPRA_paper_17339.pdf
Hagendorf, Klaus (2009): Towards a Political Economy of the Hunters and Gatherers: A Study in Historical Materialism.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18501
2019-10-03T17:00:11Z
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7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
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7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18501/
Arbeitswerte und die Theorie der Unternehmung. Teil I: Die Unternehmung unter vollständiger Konkurrenz
Hagendorf, Klaus
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
D46 - Value Theory
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
D41 - Perfect Competition
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
This paper is the first part of a Marxian critique of the theory of the firm focusing on the analysis of labour values. Starting from Adam Smith's example of the deer hunter, marginal analysis is introduced culminating in the derivation of the Labour Value Function as the supply curve of the competitive firm in terms of labour values. The analysis is based on a new definition of labour value which is Marxian in spirit and respects modern mathematical optimization methods not found in Marx and offers a further development and coherent interpretation of Marx's value theory. The analysis is limited to the case of the competitive firm.
2009-11-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18501/1/MPRA_paper_18501.pdf
Hagendorf, Klaus (2009): Arbeitswerte und die Theorie der Unternehmung. Teil I: Die Unternehmung unter vollständiger Konkurrenz.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18608
2019-09-26T23:21:56Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18608/
Money, credit and the interest rate in Marx's economic. On the similarities of Marx's monetary analysis to Post-Keynesian economics
Hein, Eckhard
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
E43 - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
E12 - Keynes ; Keynesian ; Post-Keynesian
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
E40 - General
E11 - Marxian ; Sraffian ; Kaleckian
In this paper we have taken issue with those Marxian and post-Keynesian views which neglect the broad similarities between Marx’s economics and post-Keynesian approaches in the field of money, credit and the rate of interest. Starting from the older observations on the common ground of Marx’s and Keynes’s views in the fields mentioned above, we have shown that Marx’s economics cannot only be seen as one of the sources of post-Keynesian economics because his theory of capitalist reproduction has had a major impact on Kalecki’s theory of effective demand, but also because his monetary economics fit quite well into the post-Keynesian research programme of a monetary theory of production.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18608/1/MPRA_paper_18608.pdf
Hein, Eckhard (2004): Money, credit and the interest rate in Marx's economic. On the similarities of Marx's monetary analysis to Post-Keynesian economics. Published in: International Papers in Political Economy , Vol. 11, No. 2 (2004): pp. 1-43.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18698
2019-10-01T16:35:28Z
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7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
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7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413133
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443431
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18698/
Labour Values and the Theory of the Firm: Part I: The Competitive Firm
Hagendorf, Klaus
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
D46 - Value Theory
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
D41 - Perfect Competition
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
This paper is the first part of a Marxian critique of the theory of the firm, focusing on the analysis of labour values. Starting from Adam Smith's example of the deer hunter marginal analysis is introduced, culminating in the derivation of the Labour Value Function as the supply curve of the competitive firm in terms of labour values. The analysis is based on a new definition of labour value, which is Marxian in spirit and respects explicitly production conditions and by this becomes an integral part of modern mathematical optimization methods not found in Marx. The analysis offers a further development and coherent interpretation of Marx's value theory. The
analysis is limited to the case of the competitive firm.
2009-12-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18698/1/MPRA_paper_18698.pdf
Hagendorf, Klaus (2009): Labour Values and the Theory of the Firm: Part I: The Competitive Firm.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19457
2019-10-01T02:03:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443436
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413133
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443431
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19457/
Arbeitswerte und die Theorie der Unternehmung. Teil I: Die Unternehmung unter vollständiger Konkurrenz
Hagendorf, Klaus
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
D46 - Value Theory
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
D41 - Perfect Competition
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
This paper is the first part of a Marxian critique of the theory of the firm focusing on the analysis of labour values. Starting from Adam Smith's example of the deer hunter, marginal analysis is introduced culminating in the derivation of the Labour Value Function as the supply curve of the competitive firm in terms of labour values. The analysis is based on a new definition of labour value which is Marxian in spirit and respects modern mathematical optimization methods not found in Marx and offers a further development and coherent interpretation of Marx's value theory. The analysis is limited to the case of the competitive firm.
2009-11-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19457/2/MPRA_paper_19457.pdf
Hagendorf, Klaus (2009): Arbeitswerte und die Theorie der Unternehmung. Teil I: Die Unternehmung unter vollständiger Konkurrenz.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20976
2019-09-26T14:07:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453235
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20976/
Marx on absolute and relative wages
Levrero, Enrico Sergio
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
The aim of this paper is to clarify some aspects of Marx's analysis of the determinants of wages and of the peculiarities of labour as a commodity, concentrating upon three related issues. The first is that of Marx's notion of the subsistence (or natural) wage rate: subsistence wage will be shown to stem, according to Marx, from socially determined conditions of reproduction of an efficient labouring class. The second issue refers to the distinction between the natural and the market wage rate that can be found in Marx, and his critique of Ricardo's analysis of the determinants of the price of labour. Finally, Marx's analysis of the effects of technical progress on both absolute and relative wages will be considered, also relating it back to the long-standing debate on the Marxian law of the falling rate of profit.
2009-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20976/1/MPRA_paper_20976.pdf
Levrero, Enrico Sergio (2009): Marx on absolute and relative wages.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22461
2019-09-26T08:34:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443537
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423230
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433637
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22461/
Κριτική Έκθεση του "Νόμου της Πτωτικής Τάσης του Ποσοστού Κέρδους" του K. Marx: Κατανομή Εισοδήματος, Επισώρευση Κεφαλαίου και Τεχνολογική Μεταβολή στη Μακρά Περίοδο
Mariolis, Theodore
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
D57 - Input-Output Tables and Analysis
B20 - General
C67 - Input-Output Models
This essay explores the ralationships between income distribution, capital accumulation and technological change in the long-run. It is shown that a falling rate of profit is not a necessity for the capitalist mode of production.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22461/1/MPRA_paper_22461.pdf
Mariolis, Theodore (2010): Κριτική Έκθεση του "Νόμου της Πτωτικής Τάσης του Ποσοστού Κέρδους" του K. Marx: Κατανομή Εισοδήματος, Επισώρευση Κεφαλαίου και Τεχνολογική Μεταβολή στη Μακρά Περίοδο.
el
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25080
2019-09-28T05:27:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463030
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25080/
Greece and the EU: capitalist crisis and imperialist rivalries
Mavroudeas, Stavros
F00 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B50 - General
This paper studies the relationship between Greek capitalism and the European Union in the light of the recent developments (i.e. the current global crisis and the fiscal and debt crisis of Greece). The first part analyses the turbulent historical course of Greek capitalism and its passage from phases of development to crises and waves of capitalist restructuring. In particular, it pinpoints its status as a second-generation middle-range capitalism with limited imperialist abilities. The second part analyses the position of Greek capitalism within the European imperialist bloc and the advantages but also the dangers stemming from its participation in it. It focuses especially on the waves of capitalist restructuring inaugurated after the 1973 crisis and their concomitant results and problems. The third part focuses on the current global crisis and how it has been expressed in Greece. It is depicted as a twin crisis, i.e. a combination of (a) the current global crisis (a crisis of overaccumulation of capital caused by the falling tendency of the rate of profit), with (b) particular Greek structural problems (most of them derived from its participation in the European imperialist bloc). The last part concludes with the proposal for a radical alternative to the policies of the EU and the Greek bourgeoisie. The main pillar of this proposal is the disengagement from the European imperialist integration process and the radical restructuring of the Greek economy towards a process of socialist transition.
2010-09-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25080/1/MPRA_paper_25080.pdf
Mavroudeas, Stavros (2010): Greece and the EU: capitalist crisis and imperialist rivalries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25903
2019-10-08T20:55:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4230
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D42:4231
7375626A656374733D41:4131
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4230:423030
7375626A656374733D44:4437
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413139
7375626A656374733D50:5033
7375626A656374733D44:4438
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443837
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25903/
Brains that make revolutions: the neural theory in the French Revolutions (1789-99, 1848-51, 1870-71), Iran (1977-81) and Bolshevik (1917-1924)
Estrada, Fernando
B0 - General
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
A1 - General Economics
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B00 - General
D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
A19 - Other
P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions
D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty
D87 - Neuroeconomics
This paper work assesses the key aspects of a framework for research on revolutions. Our approach includes a heuristic based on an idea suggested by Marx in the 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte: “The tradition of all dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brain of the living”. From this maxim of Marx advance on conventional interpretations by postulating that the language and metaphors are a challenge in several respects: (1) The brain is a physical basis for understanding key political revolutions, (2) advances in neuroscience and language (Lakoff/Johnson/Narayanan) have allowed the reconstruction of conceptual frameworks in various fields, including philosophy, mathematics and politics (3) The language expressed in songs, text, flags, emblems, illustrations, slogans, speeches and rumors is key to represent and demonstrate loyalty to the idea of revolution and, more crucially, to “make” the revolution, (4) Metaphors are a powerful rational action in revolutionary processes. One interpretation of these can contribute to decipher, for example, how the brain are activated in neural systems that link past and present, how to operate the symbolic frameworks of language to influence political opinion, how metaphors interact with processes artificial simulation or how metaphors evolve in a revolution from simple metaphors.
2010-10-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25903/1/MPRA_paper_25903.pdf
Estrada, Fernando (2010): Brains that make revolutions: the neural theory in the French Revolutions (1789-99, 1848-51, 1870-71), Iran (1977-81) and Bolshevik (1917-1924).
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26276
2019-10-03T01:27:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4230
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D42:4231
7375626A656374733D41:4131
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4230:423030
7375626A656374733D44:4437
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413139
7375626A656374733D50:5033
7375626A656374733D44:4438
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443837
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26276/
Brains that make revolutions
Estrada, Fernando
Salazar, Boris
B0 - General
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
A1 - General Economics
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B00 - General
D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
A19 - Other
P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions
D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty
D87 - Neuroeconomics
This paper work assesses the key aspects of a framework for research on revolutions. Our approach includes a heuristic based on an idea suggested by Marx in the 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte: “The tradition of all dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brain of the living”. From this maxim of Marx advance on conventional interpretations by postulating that the language and metaphors are a challenge in several respects: (1) The brain is a physical basis for understanding key political revolutions, (2) advances in neuroscience and language (Lakoff/Johnson/Narayanan) have allowed the reconstruction of conceptual frameworks in various fields, including philosophy, mathematics and politics (3) The language expressed in songs, text, flags, emblems, illustrations, slogans, speeches and rumors is key to represent and demonstrate loyalty to the idea of revolution and, more crucially, to “make” the revolution, (4) Metaphors are a powerful rational action in revolutionary processes. One interpretation of these can contribute to decipher, for example, how the brain are activated in neural systems that link past and present, how to operate the symbolic frameworks of language to influence political opinion, how metaphors interact with processes artificial simulation or how metaphors evolve in a revolution from simple metaphors.
2010-10-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26276/1/MPRA_paper_26276.pdf
Estrada, Fernando and Salazar, Boris (2010): Brains that make revolutions.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26359
2019-09-27T06:21:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26359/
The Exaggerate Socialism Of Raul’s Cuba
Gabriele, Alberto
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
N16 - Latin America ; Caribbean
Cuba’s post-revolutionary economic history was penalized by the twin sets of distortions stemming from its former, artificial trade relations with the CMEA and from the very nature of the state socialist model, let alone the severe costs imposed by the US embargo. Conversely, Cuba’s centralized resource allocation system and the consistent priority accorded to the satisfaction of basic needs were instrumental in engineering a remarkable accumulation of human capital and an extraordinary development of public services, and serendipitously endowed the country with a lingering comparative advantage in some advanced, knowledge-based services sectors. However, the tension between Cuba’s exceptional human development achievements and the weakness of their material foundation cannot be maintained indefinitely. The intrinsic deficiencies of the central planning mechanism, the need for expanding the role of the market and of monetary-commercial relations, and the inescapability of respecting the law of value and the socialist principle of distribution according to work should be fully acknowledged and translated in a structural reform program. The ultimate goal of such a program should be that of definitely superseding the traditional state socialist model, leading to a transition towards a specifically Cuban form of market socialism.
2010-10-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26359/1/MPRA_paper_26359.pdf
Gabriele, Alberto (2010): The Exaggerate Socialism Of Raul’s Cuba.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26360
2019-09-28T22:06:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26360/
Cuba: the surge of export-oriented services
Gabriele, Alberto
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
N16 - Latin America ; Caribbean
Since the inception of the special period and the loss of its traditional export markets for sugar
and other goods, Cuba has turned towards services as new sources of foreign exchange.
Tourism has been reactivated and its performance has been broadly satisfactory, yet its long
term growth potential should not be overstated. Since the mid-2000s, a new sector -
professional services - has become the island's largest foreign exchange earner. Cuba's
comparative advantage in this sector is the product of decades of human capital investment in
social services. Yet, the sustainability of Cuba's present trade structure cannot be taken for
granted. In the future, export-oriented professional services, and the health cluster in
particular, might not only contribute to release the balance of payments constrain, but also
play a pivotal role in steering the evolution Cuba's economy towards a knowledge-based
development path. To this purpose, however, major changes in the area of industrial and
macroeconomic policies are required.
2010-11-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26360/1/MPRA_paper_26360.pdf
Gabriele, Alberto (2010): Cuba: the surge of export-oriented services.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30348
2019-10-05T16:35:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D48:4830
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423233
7375626A656374733D42:4234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30348/
Machine de guerre, machine de paix : le cas de l’analyse input-output comme modèle pour l’intervention publique
Akhabbar, Amanar
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
H0 - General
B23 - Econometrics ; Quantitative and Mathematical Studies
B4 - Economic Methodology
Input-output analysis was a particular way of state intervention. Its success was due to the connection of a theory to a model and to an instrument. It was a tool for science and for action. This articulation of an explanatory, a descriptive and a prescriptive dimension may be understood as an expression of the “Modern Project” inherited from the Enlightenment. Indeed, science undertakes a double program of Truth and Progress that is analysed in this text in the case of input-output analysis.
2006-09-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30348/1/MPRA_paper_30348.pdf
Akhabbar, Amanar (2006): Machine de guerre, machine de paix : le cas de l’analyse input-output comme modèle pour l’intervention publique.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30449
2019-09-30T15:38:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3431
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D45:4531:453131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30449/
Rosa Luxemburg’s critique of Marx’s schemes of reproduction: a re-evaluation and a possible generalisation
Desai, Meghnad
Veneziani, Roberto
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
E11 - Marxian ; Sraffian ; Kaleckian
Rosa Luxemburg's critique of Marx's Schemes of Reproduction is the only genuinely immanent critique of Marxian dynamics. But it needs to be brought up to date. To this end, in this paper it is placed in the context of more modern discussions of dual instability, in order to gain a better understanding of the role of price - as against quantity - adjustment in tackling instability. This allows us to discuss the path of prices as well as of quantities which have been the sole subject of controversy hitherto. Our approach also allows us to tackle the money circuit of capital parallel to the value circuit as outlined in the first part of Capital Vol 2.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30449/1/MPRA_paper_30449.pdf
Desai, Meghnad and Veneziani, Roberto (2005): Rosa Luxemburg’s critique of Marx’s schemes of reproduction: a re-evaluation and a possible generalisation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31355
2019-09-27T10:32:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423130
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31355/
Kondratiev, Marx and the long cycle
Papageorgiou, Aris
Tsoulfidis, Lefteris
B10 - General
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
Abstract
This paper begins with a critical presentation of Kondratiev’s (1926) seminal paper on the question of the existence as well as his theoretical explanation of long cyclical fluctuations of the level of economic activity. Furthermore we argue that a coherent explanation of long-run fluctuations can be based upon Marx’s argument in Capital III, whereby the falling long-run tendency of the rate of profit leads to a stagnant mass of net profits, which are associated with the onset of economic crisis. The paper concludes with a discussion of the similarities or differences and of the relative merits or weaknesses of Kondratiev’s and Marx’s views with respect to their visions of the long term evolution of the capitalist system.
2006-06-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31355/1/MPRA_paper_31355.pdf
Papageorgiou, Aris and Tsoulfidis, Lefteris (2006): Kondratiev, Marx and the long cycle. Published in: Indian Development Review , Vol. 4, No. 2 (11 December 2006)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31746
2019-09-28T11:50:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D4E:4E32:4E3230
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31746/
Από την Οικονομική Άνθηση στην Κρίση του 1930
Tsoulfidis, Lefteris
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
N20 - General, International, or Comparative
N14 - Europe: 1913-
This chapter starts with a discussion of the economic situation in the USA and UK in the 1920s and 1930s and argues that the fundamentals of these two economies in the 1920s were already in a bad shape. In fact, we show that in the US economy the fall in the rate of profit and the stagnation of the mass of real profits preceded the collapse of the stock market in the 1929 and the depression of 1930s. The discussion continues with the economic and political situation in the case of the Greek economy and the way in which she was affected by the depression. From the study of the Greek economy in the 1930s, we derive some useful conclusions that may shed new light to the current depression and debt problems of the Greek economy.
2010-12-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31746/1/MPRA_paper_31746.pdf
Tsoulfidis, Lefteris (2010): Από την Οικονομική Άνθηση στην Κρίση του 1930.
el
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31792
2019-09-27T22:01:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453235
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D45:4531:453131
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31792/
Exploitation and its unintended outcomes. An axiomatic obituary for Marx’s surplus value.
Kakarot-Handtke, Egmont
E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
E11 - Marxian ; Sraffian ; Kaleckian
B41 - Economic Methodology
The present paper scrutinizes the logical foundation of Marx’s dialectic analysis
of the evolving money economy. The minimalistic frame of reference is
thereby given with the set of structural axioms. It turns out, first, that the commonplace notion of exploitation has to be replaced by crossover exploitation
among capitalists and workers; second, that the concept of surplus value cannot
explain the existence and magnitude of overall profits; finally, that the real
shares of output are determined in the spheres of income and expenditure and
not, as classical, Marxian and neoclassical economists unanimously maintain,
in the sphere of production.
2011-06-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31792/1/MPRA_paper_31792.pdf
Kakarot-Handtke, Egmont (2011): Exploitation and its unintended outcomes. An axiomatic obituary for Marx’s surplus value.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34666
2019-09-28T08:47:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423130
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443436
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34666/
The labour theory of value: a marginal analysis
Hagendorf, Klaus
B10 - General
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
D46 - Value Theory
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
The difficulties of the classical and Marxian labour theory of value are overcome when labour value is understood as cost, analogously to marginal cost as marginal labour value. Marginal labour value is the reciprocal of the marginal productivity of labour. Under “perfect ompetition” relative prices are equal to the ratio of marginal labour values. Indeed, Pareto-optimality implies the validity of the labour theory of value. But it is shown that, in principle, a capitalist system can never be in a Pareto-optimal state. To assure a maximum productivity of labour, and therefore minimum socially necessary labour values, society has to overcome capitalism and organise the formation and control over capital collectively. This article presents the marginal approach to the labour theory of value.
2008-08-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34666/2/MPRA_paper_34666.pdf
Hagendorf, Klaus (2008): The labour theory of value: a marginal analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35580
2019-09-26T10:12:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3534
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423133
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35580/
The evolution of environmental thinking in economics
Halkos, George
N54 - Europe: 1913-
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Stockholm School)
N53 - Europe: Pre-1913
This paper discusses the development of environmental economics from the Industrial Revolution in Europe to today. Specifically, it comments on the general similarities and differences between the representatives of the schools of economic thought concerning the environment. Among others, the issues of scarcity of natural resources, of population growth as well as the limits to growth are discussed and the various views are presented. The paper also comments on the trends of environmental, evolutionary and ecological economics.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35580/1/MPRA_paper_35580.pdf
Halkos, George (2011): The evolution of environmental thinking in economics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35590
2019-09-26T09:26:42Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483232
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423231
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35590/
Notes on Ricardo’s theory of value and taxation
Tsoulfidis, Lefteris
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
H22 - Incidence
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B21 - Microeconomics
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B16 - Quantitative and Mathematical
The purpose of this paper is twofold: on the one hand is to discuss Ricardo’s version of the labour theory of value; and on the other hand, is to analyse some crucial aspects of Ricardo’s theory of taxation as an extension and further elaboration of his theory of value. This discussion is illustrated with the use of a formal model based on a generalisation of Ricardo’s numerical examples. The claim that the paper raises is that Ricardo’s analysis of taxation is a kind of a comparative statics exercise, where the real wage, the state of technology and the level of output are taken as givens. Furthermore, it is shown that Ricardo’s claim that money’s role in the presence of taxation of profits is not neutral becomes questionable, when various feedback effects are accounted for.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35590/1/MPRA_paper_35590.pdf
Tsoulfidis, Lefteris (2005): Notes on Ricardo’s theory of value and taxation. Published in: Asian African Journal of Economic and Econometrics , Vol. 5, No. 1 (June 2005): pp. 35-47.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35980
2019-09-27T15:04:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4531:453132
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423136
7375626A656374733D45:4531:453133
7375626A656374733D45:4531:453131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35980/
Falling Rate of Profit and Overaccumulation in Marx and Keynes
Tsoulfidis, Lefteris
E12 - Keynes ; Keynesian ; Post-Keynesian
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B16 - Quantitative and Mathematical
E13 - Neoclassical
E11 - Marxian ; Sraffian ; Kaleckian
The question of the long-run prospects of profitability and its association with the stage of capital accumulation have occupied central importance in the history of economic thought. This paper focuses on Marx and Keynes and argues that Marx’s analysis, despite its incomplete nature, is logically consistent in both explaining the falling tendency of the rate of profit as well as the precise mechanism that leads the economy to its crisis stage. Keynes’s analysis, although sketchy, has more in common with Marx and Smith than with Ricardo and neoclassical economics. Furthermore, Keynes’s views on effective demand and the way in which it affects profitability and capital accumulation might be gainfully used for the formulation of a more advanced theory to explain and at the same time direct, within strictly defined limits, the dynamics of capitalist economies.
2005-10-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35980/1/MPRA_paper_35980.pdf
Tsoulfidis, Lefteris (2005): Falling Rate of Profit and Overaccumulation in Marx and Keynes. Published in: Political Economy Quarterly , Vol. 43, No. 3 (2006): pp. 65-75.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36776
2019-09-30T11:03:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423532
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503531
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36776/
The concept of the ownership in the late 'socialist economics'
Tchipev, Plamen D
B52 - Institutional ; Evolutionary
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
The ownership has a very controversial place in the economics' history. While it was placed in the centre of the so called "socialist political economy", (actually, the issue of its abolishment), it is still taken for granted in the orthodox economics and little attention is paid on its analysis. Contrary, the institutional economics shows all increasing interest in this par excellence 'institutionalist' economic concept - two out of ten chapters are directly devoted to the ownership in the recent E. Furobotn and R. Richter's book - 'Institutions and Economic Theory' (1997).
Within the latter discourse it seems important and interesting to analyse the development of that concept in 'the economics of the socialism' - from the state, unique, single ownership through various degrees of 'relative autonomy of the state companies' and to the eventual triad of 'ownership, possession and management'. A theoretic development forced by practical economic problems - a clear case of 'a cumulative and evolutionary process unfolding in historical time', which never went that far to recognise its true purpose - to assign the role of the private property to a ideologically acceptable substitute institution. The paper tends to analyse that particular version of the ownership not only in its historical development and within the context of its 'natural' system of economic views like the 'socialist monetary relations', but also tries to draw a certain parallels to some of the contributions of the modern institutional economics like principal-agency approach. The paper also strives to outline some of the political consequences of its implementation. The main conclusion relates not as much to the unavoidability of the private property as basis for any economic system, but rather seeks to provide another piece of evidence for the importance of the institutional arrangement, and especially the ownership, for the functioning of any economic system.
2000-11-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36776/1/MPRA_paper_36776.pdf
Tchipev, Plamen D (2000): The concept of the ownership in the late 'socialist economics'.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38387
2019-09-26T10:04:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423231
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423235
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423135
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423133
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38387/
Competition
Salvadori, Neri
Signorino, Rodolfo
B21 - Microeconomics
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B25 - Historical ; Institutional ; Evolutionary ; Austrian
B15 - Historical ; Institutional ; Evolutionary
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Stockholm School)
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
This is an entry produced for the Handbook of the History of Economic Analysis, edited by Gilbert Faccarello and Heinz D. Kurz (eds). Volume 3. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar, forthcoming.
We analyze competition as rivarly in a race, as a specific market structure, and as a discovery procedure. We also explore the relation of competition with class struggle and competition policy.
2011-04-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38387/1/MPRA_paper_38387.pdf
Salvadori, Neri and Signorino, Rodolfo (2011): Competition.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39128
2013-02-11T12:43:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433032
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39128/
Why recession and depression policies differ
Stravelakis, Nikos
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
C02 - Mathematical Methods
B22 - Macroeconomics
This draft presents a model of internally generated growth and effective demand. It is constructed with the rationale of separating fast and slow variables. Slow variables appear as parameters. We show the reaction of profit growth to different rates of profit (slow variable) through the variation of the rate of interest and the price level (fast variables).
The model is within the classical / Marxist tradition in the sense that profitability is the driving force of capital accumulation and the Marxist / post Keynesian tradition in the sense that the rate of interest is a purely monetary phenomenon depending on the competition between borrowers and lenders. Although we let prices and the rate of savings adjust to the rate of capital accumulation and the rate of interest respectively the prevailing rate of profit is the dominant force of accumulation giving insights on the characteristics of depressions and the effectiveness of various policies in that context.
More specifically, the model shows the difference between fluctuations in profitability and production which characterize a recession to a standstill in profit growth which is the mark of a depression. As we will show savings adjustments are sufficient to bring an economy out of recession but are totally ineffective in depressions. Therefore, recession and depression policies should differ significantly not only quantitatively but also qualitatively.
In a depression increasing, bank liquidity, trough governments and central banks, will not drive the system out of stagnation because profits are too low and outstanding debt is too high for banks to extend credit and corporations to invest. Furthermore, major restructuring involving real wage reductions, mergers and acquisitions of corporations and banks, includes the impairment of the weaker capital which will take a long undefined period of time with persistent high unemployment. Direct state investment, on the other hand, will reduce unemployment and create adequate demand to eventually drive the economy out of stagnation.
2012-05-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39128/1/MPRA_paper_39128.pdf
Stravelakis, Nikos (2012): Why recession and depression policies differ.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39739
2019-09-28T08:48:47Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423136
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39739/
Rethinking long cycles: are the 1990s the onset of a new phase of capital accumulation?
Tsoulfidis, Lefteris
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B16 - Quantitative and Mathematical
B15 - Historical ; Institutional ; Evolutionary
This paper deals with the long cycles that characterize the evolution of capitalist economies. It begins with a discussion of epochs of expansion and contraction in the level of economic activity and makes an effort to move towards a meaningful periodization of economic history. The claim that this paper raises is that profitability regulates the phases of these long cycles. The theoretical discussion on the mechanics of the long–term movement in profitability and the phases of long cycles is supported with data on the profit rate from various OECD economies. The empirical evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that the 1990s mark the onset of a new phase of accumulation. The salient feature of this new phase is the dominance of information technologies and the associated notions of the “new economy” and globalization. However, unlike, the popular view that regards the “new economy” as depression-free, this paper claims that the “vices” of the old economy continue to exist.
2001
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39739/1/MPRA_paper_39739.pdf
Tsoulfidis, Lefteris (2001): Rethinking long cycles: are the 1990s the onset of a new phase of capital accumulation? Published in: , Vol. Atheni, (2002): pp. 89-96.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:40991
2019-09-29T04:36:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40991/
El excedente económico
Ávalos, Eloy
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
In the present paper will work analytically the category of economic surplus. It will use the theoretical framework of technology system developed by Leontief to expose a clear form as to distinguish it from other concepts such as the net product.
2011-03-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40991/1/MPRA_paper_40991.pdf
Ávalos, Eloy (2011): El excedente económico.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:42619
2019-09-29T23:26:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D47:4730:473031
7375626A656374733D59:5933:593330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42619/
Right conclusion with weak evidence: A review of <The Failure of Capitalist Production>
Jeong, Sangjun
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
G01 - Financial Crises
Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified)
This paper reviews Andrew Kliman's The Failure of Capitalist Production (2011) with a focus on his critique of the underconsumptionist account of the current crisis. He innovatively refutes the underconsumptionist claims that the deterioration of income distribution and hence the decline of demand is the root causes of the crisis. However, his counterevidence based on the alleged rise in the share of workers' income is not strong enough to support his relevant criticism of the underconsumptionist theory and its political implications. Rather, we suggest an outline of alternative critique which would refute underconsumptionism more effectively.
2012-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42619/1/MPRA_paper_42619.pdf
Jeong, Sangjun (2012): Right conclusion with weak evidence: A review of <The Failure of Capitalist Production>. Published in: Marxism 21 , Vol. vol.9, No. no.4 (12 November 2012)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:42998
2019-09-26T09:42:28Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423130
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42998/
From Marxian school of economic thought to system paradigm in economic studies: the institutional matrices theory
Kirdina, Svetlana
B10 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B15 - Historical ; Institutional ; Evolutionary
The paper discusses some theoretical-methodological basis for the institutional change analysis in transitional countries. First, the paper shows the specific approach of the Marxian school of economic thought to the analysis of social and economic institutions. Second, the most general features of the system paradigm in economic theory (Kornai, 1998) are presented. Third, the institutional matrices theory, or IMT (Кирдина, 2001; Kirdina, 2001, 2010, etc.), developing Marxian approach and systemic ideas, is presented. An explanatory power of IMT is shown by the analysis of post-soviet reforms in Russia and East-European countries.
2012-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42998/1/MPRA_paper_42998.pdf
Kirdina, Svetlana (2012): From Marxian school of economic thought to system paradigm in economic studies: the institutional matrices theory. Published in: Montenegrin Journal of Economics , Vol. 8, No. Number 2 (October 2012): pp. 53-71.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:43780
2019-09-28T01:18:28Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423130
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43780/
Plusvalore e sfruttamento dopo Sraffa. Lo stato del problema.
Cavalieri, Duccio
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B10 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
A10 - General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This article deals with a theoretical point: the alleged consistency of the Marxian notion of exploitation with the Sraffian theory of prices. The problem is examined in a historico-critical perspective. The discussion is centred on the idea that in a circular model of production with vertically integrated sectors the use of the real wage rate as a numeraire provides a way of measuring surplus labour as a difference between the quantity of labour commanded by a real wage unit, at prices of production, and the quantity embodied in the amount of any commodity which would exchange at such prices with the wage unit. This procedure runs against two basic objections. First, by concentrating the attention on the possibility of substituting wage-goods for labour in the process of price determination, it implies a loss of the fundamental Marxian distinction between abstract labour, considered as a source of value, and labour-power, a commodity. Only the latter dimension remains relevant. Second, the sectoral rates of surplus value defined in such a way are "natural" rates, with a purely notional character.
1995-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43780/1/MPRA_paper_43780.pdf
Cavalieri, Duccio (1995): Plusvalore e sfruttamento dopo Sraffa. Lo stato del problema. Published in: Economia Politica , Vol. 12, No. 1 (April 1995): pp. 23-56.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:43923
2019-09-28T10:11:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453235
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D45:4531:453131
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43923/
Exploitation and its unintended outcomes.
Kakarot-Handtke, Egmont
E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
E11 - Marxian ; Sraffian ; Kaleckian
B41 - Economic Methodology
The present paper scrutinizes the logical foundation of Marx’s dialectic analysis
of the evolving money economy. The frame of reference is thereby given
with the set of structural axioms. It turns out, first, that the commonplace
notion of exploitation has to be replaced by crossover exploitation among capitalists
and workers; second, that the concept of surplus value cannot explain
the existence and magnitude of overall profits; finally, that the real shares of
output are determined in the spheres of income and expenditure and not, as
classical, Marxian and
2011-06-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43923/1/MPRA_paper_43923.pdf
Kakarot-Handtke, Egmont (2011): Exploitation and its unintended outcomes.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:43999
2019-09-26T14:06:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423231
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423235
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423133
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43999/
Classical vs. Neoclassical Conceptions of Competition
Tsoulfidis, Lefteris
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B21 - Microeconomics
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B25 - Historical ; Institutional ; Evolutionary ; Austrian
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Stockholm School)
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B53 - Austrian
This article discusses two major conceptions of competition, the classical and the neoclassical. In the classical conception, competition is viewed as a dynamic rivalrous process of firms struggling with each other over the expansion of their market shares at the expense of their competitors. This dynamic view of competition characterizes mainly the works of Smith, Ricardo, J.S. Mill and Marx; a similar view can be also found in the writings of Austrian economists and the business literature. By contrast, the neoclassical conception of competition is derived from the requirements of a theory geared towards static equilibrium and not from any historical observation of the way in which firms actually organize and compete with each other.
2011-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43999/3/MPRA_paper_43999.pdf
Tsoulfidis, Lefteris (2011): Classical vs. Neoclassical Conceptions of Competition.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44480
2019-09-28T01:18:13Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D47:4730:473031
7375626A656374733D59:5933:593330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44480/
Right conclusion with weak evidence: a review of the failure of capitalist production
Jeong, Sangjun
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
G01 - Financial Crises
Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified)
This paper reviews Andrew Kliman's The Failure of Capitalist Production (2011) with a focus on his critique of the underconsumptionist account of the current crisis. He innovatively refutes the underconsumptionist claims that the deterioration of income distribution and hence the decline of demand is the root causes of the crisis. However, his counterevidence based on the alleged rise in the share of workers' income is not strong enough to support his relevant criticism of the underconsumptionist theory and its political implications. Rather, we suggest an outline of alternative critique which would refute underconsumptionism more effectively.
2012-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44480/1/MPRA_paper_44480.pdf
Jeong, Sangjun (2012): Right conclusion with weak evidence: a review of the failure of capitalist production. Published in: Marxism 21 , Vol. 9, No. 4 (12 November 2012)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44897
2019-09-27T16:39:07Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44897/
Sfruttamento, alienazione e astrazione del lavoro: una nota
Cavalieri, Duccio
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
This is a note on labour exploitation and alienation in the economic thought of Marx and Napoleoni. It is a comment on a previous article on the subject by Riccardo Bellofiore.
1997
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44897/1/MPRA_paper_44897.pdf
Cavalieri, Duccio (1997): Sfruttamento, alienazione e astrazione del lavoro: una nota. Published in: Trimestre , Vol. 30, No. 1 (1997): pp. 99-112.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44933
2019-09-27T03:32:20Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44933/
A proposito di marginalismo e socialismo nell'Italia liberale
Cavalieri, Duccio
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
This is a review-article on a book edited by M. Guidi and L. Michelini on marginalism and socialism in Italy during the liberal age 1870-1925.
2002
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44933/1/MPRA_paper_44933.pdf
Cavalieri, Duccio (2002): A proposito di marginalismo e socialismo nell'Italia liberale. Published in: Il pensiero economico italiano , Vol. 10, No. 1 (2002): pp. 143-160.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45010
2019-09-26T17:07:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45010/
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: The Philosophical Cradle of Marxism
Pillai N., Vijayamohanan
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
This paper is part of a larger study on ‘Poverty of Communism: The Game of Filling in the Marxian Blanks’. As Lenin (1913) remarked, the philosophy of Marxism is materialism. To be more specific, Marxism is both a world view in general and a view of the society and its progress in particular; that world view is dialectical materialism (a term devised by Plekhanov, the Russian Marxist, and first used by him in an article published in 1891) and its application to the study of social history is the materialist conception of history or historical materialism, as called by Engels. Thus, as Stalin wrote in 1938, dialectical materialism is the world outlook of the Marxist-Leninist party; it is called dialectical materialism because its approach to the phenomena of nature, its method of studying and apprehending them, is dialectical, while its interpretation of the phenomena of nature, its conception of these phenomena, its theory, is materialistic. The present chapter seeks to discuss the development of philosophy in general that served as the cradle of Marxism. In this we follow the argument of Engels that the philosophical question whether there are only material entities or only mental entities divided philosophy into two opposite camps: materialism and idealism, and trace out the dialectical development of philosophy through the conflict between the two.
2013-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45010/1/MPRA_paper_45010.pdf
Pillai N., Vijayamohanan (2013): Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: The Philosophical Cradle of Marxism.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45011
2019-09-26T08:16:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45011/
You Cannot Swim Twice in the Same River: The Genesis of Dialectical Materialism
Pillai N., Vijayamohanan
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
This constitutes a chapter of a book on ‘Poverty of Communism: The Game of Filling in the Marxian Blanks’. Dialectical materialism is the world outlook of Marxism; it is so called, because its approach to the phenomena of nature is dialectical, and its interpretation of these phenomena, its theory, is materialistic. Though the term ‘dialectical materialism’ owes its origin to Plekhanov and Lenin, its first expositor was Engels, who simply called it ‘modern materialism’ and asserted that it was essentially connected with the name of Marx. The present paper traces out the historical development of dialectical materialism, starting with its Greek philosophical origin in Heraclitus, who stressed the unity of opposites in a world of change, and passing through the dialogues of Socrates, and logic of Aristotle, Kant, Hegel, Chalybäus (famous for his exegetical characterization of Hegel’s dialectics in terms of thesis-antithesis-synthesis triad) and Feuerbach, all culminating in Marxism. The paper also discusses the experimental games of Lenin and his followers in filling in the Marxian blanks in dialectical materialism.
2013-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45011/1/MPRA_paper_45011.pdf
Pillai N., Vijayamohanan (2013): You Cannot Swim Twice in the Same River: The Genesis of Dialectical Materialism.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48618
2019-09-27T13:54:07Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48618/
Marxism without Marx: a note towards a critique
Freeman, Alan
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B3 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
This is a pre-publication version of the article that was published in Capital and Class in February 2010. It should be cited as Freeman, A (2010) ‘Marxism without Marx: a note towards a critique’. Capital & Class February 2010 vol. 34 no. 1 84-97.
The most severe economic crisis since 1929 has produced a level of intellectual disarray probably not seen since 1968. In one crucial respect, the climate is different: Marxism’s intellectual impact is negligible. The culprit is not Marx but ‘Marxism without Marx’—a systematic attempt to divorce his conclusions from his economic theory. The demise of western Marxism marks the failure of this project. This note signals a first attempt to assess Marx’s real relevance to the crisis of 2008.
2009-11-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48618/1/MPRA_paper_48618.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2009): Marxism without Marx: a note towards a critique. Published in: Capital and Class , Vol. 34, (February 2010): pp. 84-97.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48619
2019-09-26T12:23:09Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48619/
Crisis and ‘law of motion’ in economics: a critique of positivist Marxism
Freeman, Alan
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B3 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
This is a prepublication version of the paper published in Review of Political Economy Volume 26, 2010 (http://www.emeraldinsight.com/books.htm?issn=0161-7230&volume=26). It should be cited as Freeman, A. (2010). ‘Crisis and “law of motion” in economics: a critique of positivist Marxism’, Review of Political Economy Volume 26, 2010, pp 211-250.
This paper restores the concepts of freedom, consciousness, and choice to our understanding of ‘economic laws’, so we may discuss how to respond to economic crisis. These are absent from orthodox economics which presents ‘globalisation’ or ‘the markets’ as the outcome of unstoppable forces outside human control.
They were integral to the emancipatory political economy of Karl Marx but have been lost to Marxism, which appears as the inspiration for mechanical, fatalistic determinism. This confusion arises from Marxism’s absorption of the idea, originating in French positivism, that social laws are automatic and inevitable.
The article contests the organizing principle of this view: that economic laws are predictive, telling us what must happen. Marx’s laws are relational, not predictive, laying bare the connection between two apparently distinct forms of appearance of the same thing, such as labour and price. Such laws open the door to democracy and choice, but do not unambiguously predict the future because what happens depends on our actions.
The commodity form conceals these laws, disguising the true social and class relations of society. Accumulation, however, undermines the circumstances that permit the commodity to play this role. The result is crisis, defined in this paper as the point when the blind laws of the commodity form are suspended and open political forces come into play.
In past crises, capitalism has restored the rate of profit through such destructive interventions as imperialism, war, and fascism. Economic laws, properly defined, offer society the real choice of alternative outcomes from crisis.
2010-06-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48619/1/MPRA_paper_48619.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2010): Crisis and ‘law of motion’ in economics: a critique of positivist Marxism. Published in: Research in Political Economy No. 26 (2010): pp. 211-250.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48625
2019-09-28T01:08:19Z
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48625/
Money, Labour and Logic: A Critical Comparison
Freeman, Alan
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B3 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals
B4 - Economic Methodology
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
This is a prepublication version of ‘Money, Labor, and Logic: A critical comparison’, published in Critique of Political Economy. Please cite as Freeman, A. 2011. ‘Money, Labor, and Logic: A critical comparison’, Critique of Political Economy No. 1. 152-175.
The article seeks to promote a scholarly debate between the temporal single-system interpretation of Marx and the Value-Form school. Since they both recognize the standards required of constructive debate and seek a proper understanding of Marx’s actual theory, such a debate promises to be productive. Michael Heinrich’s argument, representative of the Value-Form school, is that Marx’s derivation of abstract labor, value, and money is “ambivalent” and should be replaced by superior derivations of these categories. I argue that the Value-Form school’s proposed replacements exhibit a tendency to eliminate contradiction from value theory. In particular, the idea that the labor in a commodity is abstract only after the commodity is sold gives rise to a quietist tendency. It confuses successful sale with the formation of a price. This stems from an ambivalence attitude towards general equilibrium theory, leading to an underestimation of the devastating effect of von Bortkiewicz’s rewriting of Marx.
2007-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48625/1/MPRA_paper_48625.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2007): Money, Labour and Logic: A Critical Comparison. Published in: Critique of Political Economy No. 1 (12 August 2011): pp. 152-175.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48635
2019-09-26T23:38:33Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48635/
The discontents of Marxism
Freeman, Alan
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B31 - Individuals
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
This is a pre-publication version of a full-length review of Kuhn, R. (2007) Henryk Grossman and the Recovery of Marxism. Urbana and U of Illinois.
Please cite as Freeman, A. 2008. ‘The Discontents of Marxism’. Debatte, 16 (1), April 2008 pp. 122-131
2007-12-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48635/1/MPRA_paper_48635.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2007): The discontents of Marxism. Published in: Debatte , Vol. 16, No. 1 (April 2008): pp. 121-131.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48637
2019-09-30T18:01:28Z
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48637/
Making Sense of the Rate of Profit
Freeman, Alan
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B31 - Individuals
B4 - Economic Methodology
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
This paper was produced as a study aid, to help people understand twentieth-century debates about Marx’s theory of the profit rate. It discusses and dissects the principal criticisms of Marx’s formulation of the ‘law of the tendential fall in the profit rate’. It is I think one of the more complete explanations of why and how Marx’s temporal conception of the profit rate leads to a different, and greatly more logically coherent, account of its movement than the simultaneist and physicalist alternatives which have dominated this field within academic Marxism since Sweezy’s (1942) endorsement of Bortkiewicz’s (1905) re-interpretation of Marx as a general equilibrium theorist manqué.
It was originally presented at the Greenwich symposium on value theory in 2000, and is substantively the same as the paper distributed there; however I have completed the text and the references where there were minor gaps in the original.
To aid the reader, its central focus is the criticism first articulated by Moszkowska, but popularised by Joan Robinson, according to which Marx erred because the value of capital advanced must fall, along with prices, in such a way that it entirely offsets the rise in the value of invested capital. This criticism, it shows, is based on a particular though widespread reading or ‘interpretation’ of Marx, corresponding to a particular view of value: the ‘physicalist’ concept which Western academic Marxism. Physicalism, it shows, is an automatic outcome of simultaneism, according to which Marx is best understood as a variant of economic general equilibrium.
The paper explains the alternative Temporal Single System Interpretation (TSSI) of Marx’s value theory developed by a number of scholars since the early 1980s. It illustrates the errors that arise from physicalist and simultaneist reasoning with a detailed series of numerical examples and thereby illustrates how the rate of profit really governs a modern capitalist economy.
2000-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48637/7/MPRA_paper_48637.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2000): Making Sense of the Rate of Profit.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48684
2019-10-02T20:46:30Z
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7375626A656374733D42:4231:423136
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48684/
Value from Nowhere: a response to Dumenil and Levy (first submission)
Freeman, Alan
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B16 - Quantitative and Mathematical
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
This article was submitted in 1999 to the Review of Radical Political Economy but was rejected. It responds to Gérard Duménil and Dominique Lévy’s (1999) “The conservation of value: a rejoinder to Alan Freeman”. This was a critique of the Temporal Single-System (TSS) interpretation of Marx’s value theory presented in my (1996) Marx and non-Equilibrium Economics.
In this response, I show that the paradoxes which Duménil and Lévy found in the TSS approach arose from a dogmatic adherence to the simultaneist paradigm which imposes, a priori and without reference to real phenomena, a distinct ontology from which change is absent. I show that when the supposition of a static economy is dropped, simultaneism creates value out of nowhere, and cannot thus support the elementary economic distinction between production and circulation. A uniform treatment of fixed capital, and the formation of social values, eliminates the alleged paradoxes. I show their own approach to be incoherent, generating negative values from its own assumptions.
This is the first of two responses to this article which were rejected by the RRPE board. I have placed the second response in the public domain at the same time as this response.
1999-04-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48684/1/MPRA_paper_48684.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1999): Value from Nowhere: a response to Dumenil and Levy (first submission).
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:50064
2019-09-27T09:25:18Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50064/
Hilferding over Marx: A Political Economy Viewpoint of Struggles in the Left 1900-1933 and the Modern Revival
Stravelakis, Nikos
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
P5 - Comparative Economic Systems
Abstract: Recent heterodox economic literature makes reference to Hilferding’s “Finance Capital” and Lenin’s “Imperialism” as early insights on the phenomenon of Financialization of capital. In this regard ideas which became dominant in the left during the first decades of the previous century are applied in the explanation of the current crisis, as well as the understanding of contemporary capitalism from a methodological, analytical and political standpoint. This paper traces the underlying argument of the Monopoly model and its main political applications in the first three decades of the 20th century, in an effort to draw rough historical analogies with its revival in contemporary literature. It is argued that the Hilferding model, from which Lenin’s ”Imperialism” is derived, has very little or nothing to do with Marx’s economics but much to do with the neoclassical theory of Monopoly and Oligopoly. This theoretical association abolishes labor value theory from the analytical framework and with it any possibility of inherent breakdown (depression) in capitalist accumulation. Consequently political economy was pushed to the background and the confrontations between Lenin and Kautsky and subsequently Trotsky, Bukharin and Stalin were fought around political and geopolitical considerations a factor which played important part in the outcome. But the most astonishing historical fact is that the revolutionary flood which shook Europe until 1930 gave place to the dominance of the extreme right when circumstances were most favorable for the left in the years of the “great depression”. Drawing from this it is argued further that the main analogy between the 1930s’ and the present is that both back then and now the left is attempting to intervene in a depression environment without a depression theory. Disproportional growth between sectors was the cause of crisis in Hilferding, a contradiction which under the dominance of “Finance Capital” would be resolved and capitalism would move to an “organized stage”. In the same fashion disproportional growth of the financial sector relative to the corporate sector, which emerged following the “great stagflation”, is the cause of the present crisis for contemporary heterodox literature. Crisis can be resolved through state regulation in this line of thought, since Financialization of capital is understood independently from the inherent contradictions of profit motivated growth. In the absence of a depression theory this part of heterodox economics has drifted in a “witch hunt” on whether capital will resolve the crisis introducing a new era of “regulated capitalism” or power shifts in favor of financial capital will preserve the present state of affairs. In the meantime, economic policy suggestions and the political agenda is surrendered in the hands of mainstream economics and right wing politics.
2013-08-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50064/1/MPRA_paper_50064.pdf
Stravelakis, Nikos (2013): Hilferding over Marx: A Political Economy Viewpoint of Struggles in the Left 1900-1933 and the Modern Revival. Published in: 6th PHD Conference in Economics Department of Economics UOA (17 September 2013)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51334
2019-09-27T20:46:20Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51334/
Classical competition and regulating capital: theory and empirical evidence
Tsoulfidis, Lefteris
Tsaliki, Persefoni
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
C10 - General
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
L0 - General
L00 - General
L10 - General
L12 - Monopoly ; Monopolization Strategies
O14 - Industrialization ; Manufacturing and Service Industries ; Choice of Technology
Abstract
In this article we discuss the salient features of the classical and neoclassical theories of competition and we test their fundamental propositions using data from Greek manufacturing industries. The cross section data of 3-digit (total 91) industries of the three (pooled together) census years show no evidence of a direct statistical relationship between the degree of concentration and profitability. The econometric analysis of time series data for 2-digit industries lends support to the hypothesis for the long-run tendential equalization of incremental rates of profit to the economy’s average.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51334/1/MPRA_paper_51330.pdf
Tsoulfidis, Lefteris and Tsaliki, Persefoni (2011): Classical competition and regulating capital: theory and empirical evidence. Published in: (2011)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52538
2019-10-05T20:01:39Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52538/
Crisis, Marxism, and Economic Laws: A Response to Gary Mongiovi
Freeman, Alan
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B3 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
This is a pre-publication version of the article by the same name that was published in Research in Political Economy and should be cited as “Alan Freeman (2011), Crisis, Marxism, and Economic Laws: A Response to Gary Mongiovi, in Paul Zarembka, Radhika Desai (ed.) Revitalizing Marxist Theory for Today's Capitalism (Research in Political Economy, Volume 27), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.285-296”
It responds to Gary Mongiovi’s article in the same issue (Mongiovi 2011) which, in turn, responded to my article ‘Crisis and “law of motion” in economics: a critique of positivist Marxism’ (Freeman 2010c) in RiPE issue 26, a pre-publication version of which can be found on REPEC at http://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/48619.html.
2011-06-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52538/1/MPRA_paper_52538.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2011): Crisis, Marxism, and Economic Laws: A Response to Gary Mongiovi. Published in: Research in Political Economy No. 27 (17 June 2011): pp. 285-296.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52629
2019-09-29T13:45:39Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52629/
What Causes Booms?
Freeman, Alan
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B3 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
This paper was presented to the joint conference of the AFEP, AHE and IIPPE in Paris, July 2012. A more developed and substantially revised version was presented to the conference on ‘Marxism: Marx and Beyond’ in Calcutta, 22-24 March 2012 and is due to be published.
The paper argues that booms, not depressions, are the exception in capitalist history; this inverts the general approach of economics. I argue that booms are recurrent, but irregular events that arise when certain specific sets of political and economic conditions are met. If we can establish these conditions this will help understand what booms can achieve, what their dangers are, and whether their historical potential is exhausted, shedding light on such intractable problems in political economy as what causes growth, whether it is desirable, what circumstances bring about economic development, and what causes so-called depressions
JEL Codes: B1, B14, B3, B5
Keywords: Crisis, Rate of Profit, TSSI, Marxism
2010-07-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52629/1/MPRA_paper_52629.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2010): What Causes Booms?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52723
2019-10-13T15:00:19Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52723/
The Case for Simplicity: a Paradigm for the Political Economy of the 21st Century
Freeman, Alan
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B20 - General
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
This is a pre-publication of the chapter of the same name which was first published in Freeman et al (2001), reproduced with the kind permission of the publishers.
I have re-organized it for scholarly use as a separate text, with the references included and with footnotes instead of endnotes. I have made one correction to the numbers in the table at the top of page 7, which is footnoted on page 8. Thanks to Antionio Bernardeschi for pointing out this mistake.
The text has been reformatted, and some minor spelling mistakes have been corrected. It is the same as the original in all other respects and can safely be used as a reference copy. It should be cited as “Freeman, A. 2001. ‘The Case for Simplicity’ in Freeman, A., Andrew Kliman and Julian Wells (eds) 2001. The New Value Controversy in Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. pp55-66.”
2001-04-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52723/1/MPRA_paper_52723.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2001): The Case for Simplicity: a Paradigm for the Political Economy of the 21st Century. Published in: The New Value Controversy (1 April 2001): pp. 55-66.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52760
2019-09-26T16:48:32Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52760/
National Accounts in Value Terms: The Social Wage and Profit Rate in Britain 1950-1986
Freeman, Alan
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth ; Environmental Accounts
This paper reproduces, for archival purposes, chapter 5, of the same name, which appeared in Dunne (1991). It represents one of the first systematic attempts that I know of, to present complete ‘Value National Accounts’, that is to say, accounts presenting social reproduction in terms of the value categories of Karl Marx.
The critical requirement is not, as might be thought, the reduction of money categories to labour time categories: though this is desirable particularly when comparing or aggregating the accounts of different countries or in tracing the movement of an economy over time, if the Monetary Equivalent (MELT – see Ramos 2004) has been changing. Rather, it is to ‘transform’ the accounts in such a way that there is a single source of value added (labour) instead of, as in the standard accounts, the normal three sources of value which are Marx’s ‘Holy Trinity’ of capital, land and labour.
The consequence of bestowing on land and capital the property of creating value means that money sums such as interest and rent, instead of being presented as deductions from the value added or, in national accounts terms ‘transfers’ from labour to capital, are treated as if they were sources of value in their own right, mystifying not only the production process itself but the distribution of the produced value between social classes.
The paper proposed, and quantified for the UK economy, an alternative presentation in which these mystifications are corrected, and on this basis, established a ‘completed scheme of reproduction’ showing the role of productive and unproductive labour respectively in the UK economy.
The paper also marked a watershed in the evolution of what was to become the Temporal Single System Interpretation (TSSI) of Marx’s theory of value. I had not at that time met Andrew Kliman. However, very shortly after this paper, working with Paolo Giussani, we arrived independently from Andrew Kliman at the formulations of Marx’s schemas of reproduction that the key features of TSSI. I entered into correspondence with Andrew Kliman shortly after this, and the IWGVT was established not long after that.
1991-01-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52760/1/MPRA_paper_52760.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1991): National Accounts in Value Terms: The Social Wage and Profit Rate in Britain 1950-1986. Published in: Quantitative Marxism, Ed. Paul Dunne No. Book (1 March 1991)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52795
2019-09-26T13:48:54Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52795/
Why Quantitative Marxism?
Freeman, Alan
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth ; Environmental Accounts
This paper was presented at a special conference of the Conference of Socialist Economists (CSE, publishers of Capital and Class) in 1987, on the topic of Quantitative Marxism. This eventually gave rise to an edited collection (Dunne 1992) in which this paper was developed (Freeman 1992) into a fully-worked out empirical presentation of a set of national accounts in value terms for the UK economy.
The paper arose from the work of an international group established after the publication of Marx, Ricardo, Sraffa in 1984 to work on poverty in Europe. This led to work on the social wage which resulted in an unpublished chapter on the social wage in Germany, originally intended for Shaikh’s book on this question.
A number of themes in later work appear in it: a pluralist concept of discussion on National Accounts, which later matured into the ‘datapedia’ concept of data organisation on the one hand, and the pluralist approach to economics that first surfaced in my collaborative work with Andrew Kliman as ‘Beyond Talking the Talk’ (Freeman and Kliman 2005). There is an early discussion of circuits of revenue which deals specifically with social reproduction, and a detailed treatment of unproductive labour including interest and merchant’s capital.
1991-01-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52795/1/MPRA_paper_52795.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1991): Why Quantitative Marxism?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52796
2019-10-15T03:52:15Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52796/
Four endogenous market failures which (TSS) value explains better: Inequality, Unemployment, Crisis and Liquidity Preference
Freeman, Alan
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
This was presented to the First International Seminar on Nuevas Direcciones en el Pensamiento Económico Crítico (New Directions in Critical Economic Thought), organised by the Departiment of Applied Economics, Faculty of Politics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 10-12 May 1999
It argues, with reference to empirical data from the US economy, that the theoretical category of value is required to explain four widely-recognised general features of a market economy:
• Permanent mass unemployment, that is, a permanent excess supply of labour, so that the labour market is never in equilibrium.
• The gap between rich and poor countries, which has systematically grown for the last hundred and fifty years, and whose growth has accelerated sharply since 1981, at the very moment when the re-construction of a unified world market started;
• The regular repetition of crisis – a sharp and well-defined interruption in accumulation, accompanied by a sharp rise in unemployment and a sudden fall of asset prices –every 7-12 years;
• The fact that in crisis, capital retreats from the sphere of production into the sphere of circulation and in particular, into the speculative holding of liquid assets.
1999-05-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52796/1/MPRA_paper_52796.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1999): Four endogenous market failures which (TSS) value explains better: Inequality, Unemployment, Crisis and Liquidity Preference.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52805
2019-10-14T07:04:06Z
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7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52805/
Simultaneous and Temporal Valuation Contrasted
Freeman, Alan
Kliman, Andrew
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B40 - General
B50 - General
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
This joint paper was presented to the Marx International II conference in Paris, 30th September-2nd October 1998. It sets out the principal propositions of the Temporal Single System Interpretation of Marx’s theory of value in a systematic and comprehensive way, making it a reference document of this school of thought. It establishes many theorems that underpin subsequent debates, for example
(1) An early systematic refutation of the Fundamental Marxist Theorem (FMT) for the simultaneous interpretation and a demonstration that this yields negative profits with positive surplus value under quite normal conditions of capitalist reproduction;
(2) An explanation of why simultaneous valuation cannot support Marx’s theory of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall whilst temporal valuation does;
(3) A demonstration that under simultaneous valuation, the value of the product is not in general equal to the time of labour whereas under the temporal interpretation it is always so.
The remainder of this paper is taken directly from the original except where defunct web links have been amended or removed. The original abstract has been included as part of the paper.
(Original Abstract:)
Contrary to popular belief, under simultaneous valuation - the universal official definition of value - exploitation (surplus-labor) is neither necessary nor sufficient for profit to exist. Surplus-labour cannot therefore be the sole source of profit, if the official definition of Marx’s values is accepted.
We show this, and then present an alternative interpretation of Marx's value theory - the “temporal single-system” interpretation, according to which exploitation is indeed the sole source of profit, that is, it is a necessary and sufficient condition for profit. We also show that other important “errors” attributed to Marx no longer exist under this interpretation.
A universal claim of economics - that simultaneous valuation represents Marx’s own value theory - is invalidated by these two findings. All conclusions and debates concerning “Marx’s” theory that have hitherto been treated as settled must therefore be re-examined, since they apply not to Marx’s theory but to a different theory, advanced in the 20th Century in a continuous tradition passing from von Bortkiewicz, via Sweezy, Seton, Morishima, and others to Sraffa and his successors. This tradition is a valid contribution to economics, but it is illegitimate to conclude from its acknowledged defects that Marx’s own theory is erroneous, inadequate, flawed, or superseded.
On the other hand, many of the most puzzling yet empirically evident features of modern capitalism are explained better than by such value categories. These include cyclic crisis as an endogenous consequence of accumulation, growing inequality between nations, the social regress which generally accompanies technical progress, and liquidity preference, re-interpreted as a dynamic consequence of value movement in a money economy.
Economics’ refusal to discuss - indeed, its effective suppression of - a coherent theoretical approach which successfully interprets real-world phenomena that mainstream theory cannot account for, means that it cannot be considered a scientific discipline and its claims to authority as a source of objective truth cannot be accepted.
1998-09-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52805/1/MPRA_paper_52805.pdf
Freeman, Alan and Kliman, Andrew (1998): Simultaneous and Temporal Valuation Contrasted.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52815
2019-10-06T17:24:54Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52815/
Measuring the UK Economy (Conference Paper)
Freeman, Alan
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth ; Environmental Accounts
This paper was presented to the annual conference of Radical Statistics Journal. It develops the ideas in Freeman (1991) concerning the construction of national accounts in value terms. It was the immediate precursor of Freeman (1999), my chapter in Dorling (2001).
1999-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52815/1/MPRA_paper_52815.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1999): Measuring the UK Economy (Conference Paper).
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52819
2019-10-04T00:49:15Z
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7375626A656374733D42:4233:423331
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52819/
Two Concepts of ‘Centre Of Gravity’: Commentary on Contributions by Gary Mongiovi and Fred Moseley
Freeman, Alan
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B31 - Individuals
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
This paper was submitted to the 2001 conference of the International Working Group on Value Theory at the Eastern Economic Association. It was an initial short response to the idea, which has become common amongst Simultaneoust Marxist Economists, that in Marx’s theory, equilibrium or simultaneous prices of production play the role of a ‘centre of gravity’ around which actual prices fluctuate. A more developed response was given in Freeman (2006). In that paper and in this one, I argue that this argument, as presented by Mongiovi (2001, 2002) and by Moseley (2000) involves a non-sequitur: just because a fluctuating time-series – such as the price of production of some good or of the output of some branch of production – fluctuates around some time-average, it cannot be concluded that this time average will be equal to the hypothetical equilibrium of that series. In general, the hypothetical equilibrium follows a trajectory that is different from the moving average of the same series, and in a number of important cases – such as the trajectory of the rate of profit – the time average (calculated temporally) and the hypothetical equilibrium diverge, so that one rises whilst the other falls.
The present paper providing a historical step in the genesis of this argument, being a precursor of the 2006 paper. It also however makes a distinct contribution to the discussion which appears neither in Freeman (1999), its predecessor, nor in Freeman (2006), its successor. It exhibits a simple numerical example in which the equilibrium measure of the rate of profit, and of the prices of production of each of the two sectors in the system, systematically diverges from the temporal measure. It further asks the question: can the ‘equilibrium price=centre of gravity’ thesis account for any actual fluctuating sequence of market prices, that is, actual observed sale prices? It shows, by means of a simulation, that Either the equilibrium profit is centre of gravity for sectoral profit rates, and prices diverge, Or the equilibrium price is centre of gravity for sectoral prices, and profits diverge.
That is to say the notion that the equilibrium profit rate is a centre of gravity for the actual profit rate, is incompatible with the assertion that the equilibrium price of production is a centre of gravity for the actual prices corresponding to that same profit rate.
2001-02-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52819/1/MPRA_paper_52819.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2001): Two Concepts of ‘Centre Of Gravity’: Commentary on Contributions by Gary Mongiovi and Fred Moseley.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52837
2019-09-30T15:06:27Z
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7375626A656374733D42:4231:423133
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4234
7375626A656374733D42:4235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52837/
Marx: The Spectre Haunting Economics
Freeman, Alan
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Stockholm School)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B4 - Economic Methodology
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
This paper was presented to the 1998 conference of the Brazil Society for Political Economy. Two short sections are flagged for later incorporation, and this never happened so the article is until now unpublished. The ground these were to address is fully covered elsewhere, however this text contains material that does not exist anywhere else, so for the record I am depositing it with Repec.
The original abstract follows:
The paper examines the present state of the discipline of economics in the light of Marx's Critique of political economy. Marx's dedication to the study of economic theory is without parallel in the history of the subject; yet, in the work of the economists of today, he receives less attention than in any other subject. Moreover the profession's unanimous official teaching, repeated tirelessly and dogmatically for most of this century, is that Marx's development of the classical theory of value leads irrevocably into contradiction, that therefore the further development of this theory is fruitless and the only alternative is its current orthodoxy.
This state of affairs is called into question by an internal crisis of economics, provoked by a combination of two factors: the appalling failure of its official remedies, and the political defeat of Keynesianism. Major international institutions such as UNCTAD, the World Bank and the IMF are in open conflict over their predictions and recommendations concerning globalisation; the profession itself faces a growing body of internal criticism, and heterodox economic associations are flourishing. The abandonment of Keynesian economic remedies, the consequent loss of influence by economics in policy-making circles, and the relegation of economics to the status of an ancillary of banking and commerce, has accelerated this crisis. The large body of economists displaced from positions of influence at the ears of governments have been reflecting more carefully than before on the transitory nature of market phenomena.
This paper proposes a materialist analysis of the theory and practice of academic economics, the body of thought which Marx dubbed the 'graveyard of economics'. It proposes to subject the claim of the profession to be acting as a science to a rigorous theoretical enquiry, examining both its reaction to the empirical facts of its failures, and the manner in which its theoretical categories express the material interests to which it is subjected. The aim is not dismiss the profession and its products as simple apologetics, but to uncover the internal structure of its thought and to propose an alternative, critical standard of scientific conduct for economic enquiry under a market economy.
1998-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52837/1/MPRA_paper_52837.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1998): Marx: The Spectre Haunting Economics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55325
2020-01-22T09:07:06Z
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7375626A656374733D42:4231
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7375626A656374733D42:4233:423331
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55325/
Probabilism and determinism in political economy: the case of Bernstein and Engels
Wells, Julian
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B16 - Quantitative and Mathematical
B31 - Individuals
B41 - Economic Methodology
Eduard Bernstein’s proposals for revising marxist theory burst like a thunderclap on the late 19th century workers’ movement, and in particular on the German social democracy. Here was the militant who had suffered 20 years of exile, whose editorship of the party newspaper had made it such a powerful weapon, the acquaintance of Marx and the friend and literary executor of Engels, saying in terms that their scientific method was so fatally flawed that it should be fundamentally recast.
Not only that, but Marx’s forecasts about the development of capitalism, made on the basis of this method, were not only untenable but had already been exposed by events. These forecasts, Bernstein was claiming, were not only wrong in detail, but their apparent conclusion—the inevitable breakdown of capitalism—was now clearly unsustainable.
Bernstein’s position, first set out in a series of articles, and rejected at the party’s Stuttgart conference in 1898, was given a unified expression in a book published the following year. This centenary, in an era when “capitalism has won”, supposedly, is an appropriate moment to review Bernstein’s claims. However, the object of this essay is not to refute Bernstein’s empirical conclusions, which have been dealt with adequately by history, nor is it a revisiting of contemporary political debates about revisionism.
Rather, it is to examine the intellectual sources of his error, and in particular to examine Bernstein’s views on the determinism which he maintained was a central feature of the historical materialist method. This is important, because—as I claimed in passing in a previous IWGVT paper (Wells 1997) but did not substantiate—there is a pervasive atmosphere of determinism in the thought of
many marxists, which is, however, unjustified by anything to be found in the works of Marx and Engels.
The paper will first review Bernstein’s critique of Marx and Engels, and suggest that his misunderstanding is not simply attributable to any personal scholarly
shortcomings, but was a feature of marxist thought in general at that time; it will then show that Bernstein, despite his long and close association with Engels, simply failed to grasp even the obvious tendency of the latter’s works; finally, these failures will be set against the wider intellectual background of ideas about probabilism and determinism in the 19th century.
What follows is the work of an English-speaking economist who is ignorant of German; the possible shortcomings of this for a philosophical study of authors
who composed in German are evident.
1998-02-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55325/1/MPRA_paper_55325.pdf
Wells, Julian (1998): Probabilism and determinism in political economy: the case of Bernstein and Engels.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:58213
2019-09-26T12:08:26Z
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/58213/
A Critical Marxist Simple Approach to Capital Theory
Cavalieri, Duccio
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
D46 - Value Theory
E11 - Marxian ; Sraffian ; Kaleckian
This essay provides a simple, non-technical reformulation of Marx’s theoretical treatment of value and capital. It implies the abandonment of the ‘pure’ labour theory of value and of the ‘new value’ equality between the net product of the economy and the living labour employed in production of gross output, and a development of the different theoretical perspective outlined by the mature Marx. A correct method for converting quantities of labour-time in terms of money, which accounts for both explicit and implicit costs, is proposed.
2014
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/58213/1/MPRA_paper_58213.pdf
Cavalieri, Duccio (2014): A Critical Marxist Simple Approach to Capital Theory.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:59285
2019-09-29T12:34:38Z
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7375626A656374733D59:5931:593130
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59285/
La transitoriedad histórica del capital: La tendencia descendente de la tasa de ganancia desde el siglo XIX
Maito, Esteban Ezequiel
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
E0 - General
E22 - Investment ; Capital ; Intangible Capital ; Capacity
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
O5 - Economywide Country Studies
P10 - General
Y10 - Data: Tables and Charts
This paper presents estimates of the rate of profit on fourteen countries in the long run. The performance shows a clear downward trend, although there are periods of partial recovery in both core and peripheral countries. The behavior of the profit rate confirms the predictions made by Marx, about the historical trend of the mode of production. Finally, an estimate of the global rate of profit for the last six decades is done, also highlighting the particular role of China in systemic profitability.
2013-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59285/3/MPRA_paper_59285.pdf
Maito, Esteban Ezequiel (2013): La transitoriedad histórica del capital: La tendencia descendente de la tasa de ganancia desde el siglo XIX. Published in: Razón y Revolución No. 26 (December 2013): pp. 129-159.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:60577
2019-09-27T04:47:25Z
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7375626A656374733D45:4531:453131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60577/
The ‘new golden age of accumulation’, the new depression and the greek economy
Tsoulfidis, Lefteris
A10 - General
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
E11 - Marxian ; Sraffian ; Kaleckian
O52 - Europe
The purpose of this paper is to delve into the deeper causes of the current crisis and its detailed manifestation in the case of the Greek economy. The major argument of the paper is that the root cause of the crisis is fundamentally identified in the declining profitability which past a point leads to a stagnant mass of real net profits thereby discouraging investment spending and leading to rising unemployment. In the case of the Greek economy, this crisis of profitability has been aggravated by the contraction of its major productive activities, that is, manufacturing and agriculture. The contraction of these activities not only worsened the crisis but furthermore paved the way for the development of different forms of its expression; that is, mounting debt and unprecedented high rates of unemployment bringing the whole society into a stalemate.
2013-06-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60577/1/MPRA_paper_60577.pdf
Tsoulfidis, Lefteris (2013): The ‘new golden age of accumulation’, the new depression and the greek economy. Published in: Social Cohesion and Development , Vol. 8, No. 1 (1 June 2013): pp. 5-23.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:61762
2019-10-02T05:04:26Z
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7375626A656374733D42:4232
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423233
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61762/
La Direction centrale de la statistique et la Balance de l’économie nationale de l’URSS en 1923—24
Akhabbar, Amanar
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925
B23 - Econometrics ; Quantitative and Mathematical Studies
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
In 1918 the Central Statistical Administration (TsSU) was founded with the support of Lenin. Pavel Illich Popov was its first director (1918-1926). TsSU proceeded to the merging and centralization of the former decentralized statistical system of the zemstva (local governments) inherited from Tsarist regime. Between 1918 and 1928, i.e. during the civil war and the NEP, TsSU was at the heart of Soviet Statistics but it came to be controlled and eventually absorbed by Gosplan afterwards. At the TsSU Popov defended his view of social statistics as being a device for the revolution and the dictatorship of the proletariat in the political sphere while resting on strong scientific foundations in accordance with international standards. Rooted in Russian statisticians’ tradition, the objectivity and scientific nature of the works issued by the TsSU was Popov’s credo. In 1926, Popov exposed his views in a collective book he edited and published by the TsSU, The Balance of the National Economy of the USSR, 1923―24. In The Balance was exposed for the first time the modern principles of national accounting and intersectoral macroeconometric analysis. According to Popov, these were the relevant devices for social engineering in the NEP. Against “utopian” authors, Popov stressed the importance of founding social engineering and planning on economic theory and political economy. He thus explained how his statistical balance was an outgrowth of Quesnay’s Tableau économique and Marx’s schema of reproduction. Our article aims at examining Popov’s specific contribution as well as identifying its stakes and its significance in the economic debates during the 1920s.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61762/1/MPRA_paper_61762.pdf
Akhabbar, Amanar (2013): La Direction centrale de la statistique et la Balance de l’économie nationale de l’URSS en 1923—24. Published in: OEcononmia (2014)
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:61973
2019-09-28T22:09:47Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61973/
The Course of the Profit Rate
Freeman, Alan
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
In discussions on the rate of profit and its tendency to fall and its role in Marxist theory, a number of phrases are often employed without clarifying what these might really mean. Primary among these are such phrases as ‘the rate of profit must ultimately fall’ and ‘the counter-acting factors cannot possibly offset the tendency in the long run’.
As a result of this ambiguity, and as a result of a legacy of confusion concerning Marx’s own ideas on the profit rate beginning with the Western reception of Okishio’s (1961) famous theorem, research on the actual mathematical conditions for the profit rate to rise or fall, especially in the long term, has all but ceased.
However there is very strong evidence that the rate of profit has, in fact, been falling in most industrialised economies for some considerable time, and there is good reason to suppose this has at least some bearing on the origins of the present prolonged phase of stagnation in these economies.
The time is therefore ripe to return to a rigorous study of the general mathematical conditions that might govern the long-term movement of the profit rate.
In particular, I will attempt to give mathematical meaning to the two concepts above
2015-02-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61973/1/MPRA_paper_61973.pdf
Freeman, Alan (2015): The Course of the Profit Rate.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:62679
2019-09-27T10:20:32Z
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7375626A656374733D42:4231:423135
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62679/
Relaţii Diplomatice Româno-Portugheze (1919-1933). Martinho De Brederode - Ambasador La Bucureşti
Stoica, Alina
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B15 - Historical ; Institutional ; Evolutionary
B19 - Other
Romanian Abstract:</b> Problematica relaţiilor internaţionale este una de actualitate şi de interes pentru istoriografia europeană, având la bază cunoaşterea legăturilor dintre state, fie ele politice, economice, culturale, militare, religioase etc. În România, în ultimii ani, s-a înregistrat o dezvoltare prodigioasă a cercetărilor ştiinţifice privind relaţiile diplomatice ale statului român cu statele Europei sau ale lumii. Au apărut numeroase lucrări de specialitate, rezultate ale cercetătorilor consacraţi sau ale tinerilor doctoranzi, aflaţi în căutarea ineditului, interesaţi să privească dincolo de graniţele României. Schimbarea regimului politic din România, după 1989, a permis studenţilor şi intelectualilor români să se alăture şi ei efortului de a se rupe din îmbrăţişarea sovietică şi de a se reuni cu cealaltă Europă, cea occidentală. Programele europene, prin bursele oferite, au creat cadrul favorabil studierii în Europa şi pentru studenţii cu mai puţine posibilităţi materiale. În 2003 am beneficiat şi noi de o asemenea oportunitate şi am ales ca destinaţie Universitatea din Coimbra, Portugalia. Aici am cunoscut oameni deosebiţi, colegi extraordinari, profesori dispuşi dialogului şi înclinaţi spre ideea sprijinirii tinerilor cercetători. Sistemul universitar exigent în egală măsură cu toţi studenţii, indiferent de naţionalitatea acestora, a ridicat pretenţia prezentării unor proiecte bazate pe materiale de arhivă, inedite. A fost primul nostru contact cu Arhivele Diplomatice din Ministerul Afacerilor Externe, de la Lisabona. Astfel, a apărut ideea prezentei lucrări, în fapt teza noastră de doctorat: Din istoria relaţiilor diplomatice româno-portugheze. Martinho de Brederode – diplomat (1919-1933).
Aria cercetării noastre s-a extins, pe de o parte, asupra relaţiilor bilaterale în contextul relaţiilor internaţionale şi al politicii generale portugheze faţă de Balcani, iar pe de altă parte am insistat asupra raporturilor directe dintre România şi Portugalia, având drept reper în demersul nostru corespondenţa şi activitatea diplomatică a Ministrului portughez Martinho de Brederode.
<b>English Abstract:</b> The book analyzes the Portugal bilateral relations with countries in Europe, Africa and Asia, in the international context of the late nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century, through the diplomatic activity carried by Martinho de Brederode. His correspondence, along with other published and unpublished sources consulted, gives the researcher the opportunity to outline the general Portuguese policy towards the Balkan nations and highlight the direct relationship stablished between Romania and Portugal, highlighting the "difficulties in the international promotion of Romanian interests of the time, but the manner in which diplomats in Bucharest understood or wanted to understand the reality de facto".
Martinho de Brederode begins his career as official of the Lusitanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on 20 April 1889, with a mission to attach to the Portuguese Legation in Brussels. His career continued with the appointment in Tanger (Marocco), Peking (Macao), Paris, Rome, and finally in the Balkans (Romania, Serbia and Greece).
2011-01-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62679/1/MPRA_paper_62679.pdf
Stoica, Alina (2011): Relaţii Diplomatice Româno-Portugheze (1919-1933). Martinho De Brederode - Ambasador La Bucureşti. Published in:
ro
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:64753
2019-10-01T02:25:35Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433032
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503136
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64753/
Die naturale Struktur einer Volkswirtschaft. Kapitel 2 in: Arbeitsquantentheorie. Frankfurt a.M. 2001.
Quaas, Georg
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
C02 - Mathematical Methods
P16 - Political Economy
Chapter 2 of the book "Arbeitsquantentheorie" sets the scene for a formulation of the labor theory of value that addresses the whole economy comprising n industries and households.
2001
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64753/2/MPRA_paper_64753.pdf
Quaas, Georg (2001): Die naturale Struktur einer Volkswirtschaft. Kapitel 2 in: Arbeitsquantentheorie. Frankfurt a.M. 2001. Published in:
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:64974
2019-09-29T04:28:40Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D42:4233:423331
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64974/
Ernest Mandel's Contribution to Economic Dynamics
Freeman, Alan
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
B31 - Individuals
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
This paper was presented in Amsterdam at an international seminar on Ernest Mandel's legacy. It was not included in the published edited volume arising from that gathering because the editor sought the removal of references to Ernest's views on the processes at work in Russia and Eastern Europe, which I considered necessary for a balanced appreciation of Ernest's enormous contribution to political economy.
It appears to have resurfaced, somewhat shamefacedly, on the Mandel archive, and so after 19 years it has seen the light of day. However, the graphics associated with this version are inadequate, and a number of readers have requested the original. This is it.
1996-11-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64974/1/MPRA_paper_64974.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1996): Ernest Mandel's Contribution to Economic Dynamics. Forthcoming in:
en
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