2024-03-29T04:52:13Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:862
2019-10-02T04:31:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/862/
Estimation of an Occupational Choice Model when Occupations are Misclassified
Sullivan, Paul
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
This paper examines occupational choices using a discrete choice model that accounts for the fact that self-reported occupation data is measured with error. Despite evidence from validation studies which suggests that there is a substantial amount of measurement error in self-reported occupations, existing research has not corrected for classification error when estimating models of occupational choice. This paper develops a panel data model of occupational choices that corrects for misclassification in occupational choices and measurement error in occupation-specific work experience variables. The model is used to estimate the extent of measurement error in self-reported occupation data and quantify the bias that results from ignoring measurement error in occupation codes when studying the determinants of occupational choices and estimating the effects of occupation-specific human capital on wages. The parameter estimates reveal that 9% of occupational choices in the 1979 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth are misclassified. Ignoring misclassification biases the median parameter in the occupational choice model by 25%.
2006-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/862/1/MPRA_paper_862.pdf
Sullivan, Paul (2006): Estimation of an Occupational Choice Model when Occupations are Misclassified.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2832
2019-09-29T11:51:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433335
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2832/
The Single-mindedness theory: empirical evidence from the U.K.
Emanuele, Canegrati
H31 - Household
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
H56 - National Security and War
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
In this paper I will exploit answers coming from the British Election
Study in order to assess the validity of the Single Mindedness Theory. In
particular, I will evaluate whether political preferences of voters for political candidates depend on their age and some other characteristics such
as gender, education, religion, social and economic conditions. Performing LOGIT and PROBIT regression I will demonstrate that variable age
is statistically significant, demonstrating that Single Mindedness Theory
assumptions hold in the UK political environment.
2007-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2832/1/MPRA_paper_2832.pdf
Emanuele, Canegrati (2007): The Single-mindedness theory: empirical evidence from the U.K.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3266
2019-10-01T16:27:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3266/
Market for statisticians in developing economies: The case study of Pakistan’s corporate sector
Iqbal, Javed
Rawish, Abbas
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
Statisticians are the professionals responsible for collection, presentation and analysis of data and help decision making in face of uncertainty. They are the backbone of any institution or activity facing decision under risk and uncertainty. Statistics provides a cost-effective solution for analyzing the data by making decision for a larger set of data based on information from only a smaller part of it. The professional services of statisticians are required in all fields of life for analyzing data and interpretation of the resulting output. Corporate sector is also an important employer of the services of statisticians. This paper is aimed at exploring the factors affecting market for statisticians in the corporate sector of a large urban centre of a developing country. An econometric analysis is carried out using a count data model to explain the factors responsible for the firms employing the services of statisticians. The Count Data models have found several applications in statistics, health economics, recreational studies and finance. This paper contributes to the literature by providing yet another interesting application of the count data model by examining the market for professionals.
2007-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3266/1/MPRA_paper_3266.pdf
Iqbal, Javed and Rawish, Abbas (2007): Market for statisticians in developing economies: The case study of Pakistan’s corporate sector.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3901
2019-10-01T00:28:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3901/
Circumventing the problem of the scale: discrete choice models with multiplicative error terms
Fosgerau, Mogens
Bierlaire, Michel
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
We propose a multiplicative specification of a discrete choice model that renders choice probabilities independent of the scale of the utility. The scale can thus be random with unspecified distribution. The model mostly outperforms the classical additive formulation over a range of stated choice data sets. In some cases, the improvement in
likelihood is greater than that obtained from adding observed and unobserved heterogeneity to the additive specification. The multiplicative specification makes it unnecessary to capture scale heterogeneity and, consequently, yields a significant potential for reducing model complexity in the presence of heteroscedasticity. Thus the proposed multiplicative formulation should be a useful supplement to the techniques available for the analysis of discrete choices. There is however a cost to be paid in terms of increased analytical complexity relative to the additive formulations.
2007-07-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3901/1/MPRA_paper_3901.pdf
Fosgerau, Mogens and Bierlaire, Michel (2007): Circumventing the problem of the scale: discrete choice models with multiplicative error terms.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3904
2019-10-08T07:26:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3904/
Discrete choices and the trade-off between money and time: A test of the theory of reference-dependent preferences
De Borger, Bruno
Fosgerau, Mogens
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
We formulate a model of reference-dependent preferences based on the marginal rate of substitution at the reference-point of a reference-free utility function. Using binary choices on the trade-off between money and travel time, reference-dependence is captured by value functions that are centered at the reference. The model predicts a directly testable relationship among four commonly used valuation measures (willingness to pay (WTP), willingness to accept (WTA), equivalent gain (EG) and equivalent loss (EL)). Moreover, we show that the model allows recovering the underlying ‘reference-free’ value of time. This provides a potential solution to the issue of which measure to use for public policy evaluation. Based on a large survey data set, we estimate an econometric version of the model, allowing for both observed and unobserved heterogeneity. In a series of tests of high statistical power, we find that the relationship among the four valuation measures conforms to our model and that the constraints on the parameters implied by the model are met. The gap between WTP and WTA is found to be a factor of four. Loss aversion plays an important role in explaining responses; moreover, participants are more loss averse in the time dimension than the cost dimension. We further find evidence of asymmetrically diminishing sensitivity. Finally, we show that the fraction of ´mistakes`, in the sense that participants are observed to sometimes select dominated options, varies systematically in a way consistent with the model of reference-dependence.
2007-01-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3904/1/MPRA_paper_3904.pdf
De Borger, Bruno and Fosgerau, Mogens (2007): Discrete choices and the trade-off between money and time: A test of the theory of reference-dependent preferences.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3950
2019-09-27T15:14:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D52:5234:523431
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513531
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3950/
Deconvoluting preferences and errors: a model for binomial panel data
Fosgerau, Mogens
Nielsen, Søren Feodor
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion ; Travel Time ; Safety and Accidents ; Transportation Noise
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
Let U be an unobserved random variable with compact support and let e_t be unobserved i.i.d. random errors also with compact support. Observe the random variables V_t, X_t, and Y_t = 1{U +d X_t+e_t < V_t}, t <= T, where d is an unknown parameter. This type of model is relevant for many stated choice experiments. It is shown that under weak assumptions on the support of U +e_t, the distributions of U and e_t as well as the unknown parameter d can be consistently estimated using a sieved maximum likelihood estimation procedure. The model is applied to simulated data and to actual data designed for assessing the willingness-to-pay for travel time savings.
2007-07-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3950/1/MPRA_paper_3950.pdf
Fosgerau, Mogens and Nielsen, Søren Feodor (2007): Deconvoluting preferences and errors: a model for binomial panel data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4020
2019-10-05T16:34:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473231
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4020/
The design of bank loan syndicates in Emerging Markets Economies
Godlewski, Christophe
G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
We empirically explore the influence of loan characteristics, banking and financial structure, and regulatory and institutional factors on the design of 10,930 bank loan syndicates in emerging market economies from 1990 to 2006. Our results show that the structure of syndicates is adapted to enhance monitoring of the borrower and to increase the efficiency of re-contracting process in case of borrower's distress. Main syndication motives, such as loans portfolio diversification, regulatory pressure and management costs reduction, influence syndicate design in emerging markets economies.
2007-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4020/1/MPRA_paper_4020.pdf
Godlewski, Christophe (2007): The design of bank loan syndicates in Emerging Markets Economies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4236
2019-09-30T16:45:18Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4236/
Airport and Access Mode Choice in Germany: A Generalized Neural Logit Model Approach
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
The purpose of the paper is to present a novel approach of a general airport and access mode choice model. Based on data of the German Air Traveller Survey 2003 with a sample size of about 210.000 passengers interviewed at 21 airports a three-stage nested logit model has been estimated in a first step. 7 different access modes to the airport are modelled, subdivided into four private and three public travel modes. The model includes 7 different market segments: Domestic, European and Intercontinental travel, each segment split up into private and business travel. The European private travel segment is further subdivided into short stay trips and holiday travel.
The aim is to develop a generally applicable airport and access mode choice model. Thereby it is possible to analyse future in terms of new airport constellations and new airport access modes. To achieve this, Kohonens Self-Organizing-Maps are used to identify different airport clusters and assign every airport to the appropriate cluster. Based on these airport clusters the aforementioned nested logit model has been estimated.
In a second step, neural networks are applied to the problem of airport and access mode choice. On the basis of neural networks a new kind of discrete choice model called "Generalized Neural Logit Model" has been developed. To optimize the network structure genetic algorithms have been applied. Such a model fits into the structure of a General Extreme Value model and satisfies the condition of utility maximization.
A second airport and access mode choice model based on the Generalized Neural Logit Model and the airport clusters has been estimated. Although the former approach showed for most market segments a good model fit, the new approach showed a significant increase in model fit especially for those market segments the model fits of which in the nested logit model were less satisfying.
2006-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4236/1/MPRA_paper_4236.pdf
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher (2006): Airport and Access Mode Choice in Germany: A Generalized Neural Logit Model Approach. Published in: Proceedings of the 2006 European Transport Conference (2006): pp. 1-32.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4311
2019-09-26T08:41:55Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433435
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4311/
Airport and Access Mode Choice : A Generalized Nested Logit Model Approach
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher
Wilken, Dieter
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
The purpose of the paper is to present a novel approach of a general airport and access mode choice model. Based on data of the German Air Traveller Survey 2003 with a sample size of about 210.000 passengers interviewed at 21 airports a three-stage nested logit model has been estimated in a first step. 7 different access modes to the airport are modelled, subdivided into four private and three public travel modes. The model includes 7 different market segments: Domestic, European and Intercontinental travel, each segment split up into private and business travel. The European private travel segment is further subdivided into short stay trips and holiday travel.
The aim is to develop a generally applicable airport and access mode choice model. Thereby it is possible to analyse future in terms of new airport constellations and new airport access modes. To achieve this, Kohonens Self-Organizing-Maps are used to identify different airport clusters and assign every airport to the appropriate cluster. Based on these airport clusters the aforementioned nested logit model has been estimated.
The model is fully flexible regarding airports and access modes included in the analysis, thereby it is possible to evaluate any scenario, whether it is existing today or not. Furthermore, the model is not restricted in terms of the maximum number of airport/access mode combinations allowed. Interesting model applications comprise new high speed intercity access to existing airports or the impact of new airports like for example Berlin-Brandenburg International. Analysis of airport and access mode choice in border regions is possible, too.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4311/1/MPRA_paper_4311.pdf
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher and Wilken, Dieter (2006): Airport and Access Mode Choice : A Generalized Nested Logit Model Approach. Published in: Proceedings of the 10th Air Transport Research Society World Conference (2006): pp. 1-30.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4313
2019-09-28T04:33:16Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433435
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4313/
A Generalized Neural Logit Model for Airport and Access Mode Choice in Germany
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
The purpose of this paper is to present a new kind of discrete choice model called "Generalized Neural Logit Model" applied exemplarily to the case of airport and access mode choice. This approach employs neural networks to model the utility function of a discrete choice model and correlations within the alternative set and genetic algorithms to optimize the network structure.
To evaluate the new approach the application case of airport and access mode choice is chosen. Benchmark for the Generalized Neural Logit Model is a nested logit approach. The estimated market segment specific airport and access mode choice models are generally applicable to any number of airports and combinations of airports and access modes. Thereby it is possible to analyse future scenarios in terms of new airport constellations and new airport access modes. To achieve this, Kohonen’s Self-Organizing-Maps are used to identify different airport clusters and assign every airport to the appropriate cluster.
Although the nested logit model show a good model fit for most market segments, the Generalized Neural Logit approach produces a significant increase in model fit especially for those market segments whose nested logit model show less satisfying results.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4313/1/MPRA_paper_4313.pdf
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher (2007): A Generalized Neural Logit Model for Airport and Access Mode Choice in Germany. Published in: Proceedings of the 11th Air Transport Research Society World Conference (2007): pp. 1-42.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4686
2019-09-26T12:36:04Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4D:4D33:4D3331
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433431
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4686/
The Price Consideration Model of Brand Choice
Ching, Andrew
Erdem, Tulin
Keane, Michael
M31 - Marketing
C41 - Duration Analysis ; Optimal Timing Strategies
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
The workhorse brand choice models in marketing are the multinomial logit (MNL) and nested multinomial logit (NMNL). These models place strong restrictions on how brand share and purchase incidence price elasticities are related. In this paper, we propose a new model of brand choice, the “price consideration” (PC) model, that allows more flexibility in this relationship. In the PC model, consumers do not observe prices in each period. Every week, a consumer decides whether to consider a category. Only then does he/she look at prices and decide whether and what to buy. Using scanner data, we show the PC model fits much better than MNL or NMNL. Simulations reveal the reason: the PC model provides a vastly superior fit to inter-purchase spells.
2007-08-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4686/1/MPRA_paper_4686.pdf
Ching, Andrew and Erdem, Tulin and Keane, Michael (2007): The Price Consideration Model of Brand Choice. Forthcoming in: Journal of Applied Econometrics
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4763
2019-09-28T15:36:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443031
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4763/
The Trade-off between money and time: A test of the theory of reference-dependent preferences
De Borger, Bruno
Fosgerau, Mogens
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
We formulate a model of reference-dependent preferences based on the marginal rate of substitution at the reference-point of a reference-free utility function. Using binary choices on the trade-off between money and travel time, reference-dependence is captured by value functions that are centered at the reference. The model predicts a directly testable relationship among four commonly used valuation measures (willingness to pay (WTP), willingness to accept (WTA), equivalent gain (EG) and equivalent loss (EL)). Moreover, we show that the model allows recovering the underlying ‘reference-free’ value of time. Based on a large survey data set, we estimate an econometric version of the model, allowing for both observed and unobserved heterogeneity. In a series of tests of high statistical power, we find that the relationship among the four valuation measures conforms to our model and that the constraints on the parameters implied by the model are met. The gap between WTP and WTA is found to be a factor of four. Loss aversion plays an important role in explaining responses; moreover, participants are more loss averse in the time dimension than the cost dimension. We further find evidence of asymmetrically diminishing sensitivity. Finally, we show that the fraction of ´mistakes` (in the sense that participants are observed to sometimes select dominated options), varies systematically in a way consistent with the model of reference-dependence. The results of the paper have important implications for the evaluation of infrastructure investment and pricing reforms in the transport sector.
2007-07-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4763/1/MPRA_paper_4763.pdf
De Borger, Bruno and Fosgerau, Mogens (2007): The Trade-off between money and time: A test of the theory of reference-dependent preferences.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5282
2019-09-26T18:02:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5282/
The demand side of Industrial Policies: Evidence and Methodology for Italian firms
Brancati, Raffaele
Ciferri, Davide
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy
From the second post-war, a significant amount of resources have been used to support Italian industrial policy. Several studies has been developed in order to evaluate these types of interventions, but less efforts have been devoted to understand what were the real needs of Italian firms. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the demand of public subsides describing the experience of the Italian firms with regard to a complex structure of public interventions actually supplied by both central and local government. This type of demand is related to both the financial benefits led by the public grants and the firms’ needs produced by the potential new investments. A deep understanding of these mechanisms could improve the efficiency of the public sector policy design favouring the development of coherent and adequate program of grants with respect to the complex scenario in which Italian firms operate. Qualitative information and data were gathered trough interviews with managers of about 5400 firms. Logit techniques are developed in order to describe and quantify this demand. The main results are: firstly, it is difficult to outline a general demand framework in which all firms can be collocate independently by their specific characteristics: secondly, a significance and well-clear demand seems to stand out form those firms which represent the more innovative and dynamic sectors of the Italian economic system; finally, a more general and traditional view of the industrial policy related to the development of physic infrastructures is not such appreciated by the firms, mainly because of a lack of trust on the effective efficiency of these types of interventions.
2007-09-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5282/1/MPRA_paper_5282.pdf
Brancati, Raffaele and Ciferri, Davide (2007): The demand side of Industrial Policies: Evidence and Methodology for Italian firms.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5734
2019-09-28T04:54:19Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443031
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5734/
The Trade-off between money and time: A test of the theory of reference-dependent preferences
De Borger, Bruno
Fosgerau, Mogens
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
We formulate a model of reference-dependent preferences based on the marginal rate of substitution at the reference-point of a reference-free utility function. Using binary choices on the trade-off between money and travel time, reference-dependence is captured by value functions that are centered at the reference. The model predicts a directly testable relationship among four commonly used valuation measures (willingness to pay (WTP), willingness to accept (WTA), equivalent gain (EG) and equivalent loss (EL)). Moreover, we show that the model allows recovering the underlying ‘reference-free’ value of time. Based on a large survey data set, we estimate an econometric version of the model, allowing for both observed and unobserved heterogeneity. In a series of tests of high statistical power, we find that the relationship among the four valuation measures conforms to our model and that the constraints on the parameters implied by the model are met. The gap between WTP and WTA is found to be a factor of four. Loss aversion plays an important role in explaining responses; moreover, participants are more loss averse in the time dimension than the cost dimension. We further find evidence of asymmetrically diminishing sensitivity. Finally, we show that the fraction of ´mistakes` (in the sense that participants are observed to sometimes select dominated options), varies systematically in a way consistent with the model of reference-dependence. The results of the paper have important implications for the evaluation of infrastructure investment and pricing reforms in the transport sector.
2007-07-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5734/1/MPRA_paper_5734.pdf
De Borger, Bruno and Fosgerau, Mogens (2007): The Trade-off between money and time: A test of the theory of reference-dependent preferences. Forthcoming in: Journal of Urban Economics
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6093
2019-09-28T07:59:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6093/
Hospital Choice: Survey Evidence From Istanbul
Adaman, Fikret
Ardic, Oya Pinar
Erus, Burcay
Tuzemen, Didem
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
I10 - General
This paper analyzes the patient characteristics that affect the choice between public and private health care providers in Istanbul, Turkey. In addition to socioeconomic variables, such as insurance status or income, which have often been considered in the previous literature, we also focus on another factor, the availability of social networks, which might determine ease of access to hospital services in developing countries. The analysis is based on data from a household survey conducted in Istanbul. The econometric results indicate that potential social ties play an important role in choosing public health care centers over private ones for minor health problems. As public facilities have long been characterized by long waiting lines even for appointments for medical exams, this finding indicates that households who possess higher levels of social networks might be using those in easing access to public facilities.
2007-10-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6093/1/MPRA_paper_6093.pdf
Adaman, Fikret and Ardic, Oya Pinar and Erus, Burcay and Tuzemen, Didem (2007): Hospital Choice: Survey Evidence From Istanbul.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6096
2019-09-27T09:47:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6096/
How Do Individuals Choose Banks? An Application to Household Level Data from Turkey
Ardic, Oya Pinar
Yuzereroglu, Uygar
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages
This paper uses a multinomial probit model to analyze individuals' choice of banks based on the types of banking services they use, their own characteristics, and their own perceptions about important factors in banking. Previous studies on this topic, which are limited in number, concentrate on the U.S. where financial markets are deep. This analysis uses a unique individual level data set from a nation-wide survey implemented after the 2001 crisis in Turkey, of which one major component was bank failures. Hence, it provides the first set of evidence on the topic in an emerging market context. The study groups banks into
three categories: public banks, large private banks and small private banks, among which the latter is perceived to be the potentially risky group. Investigating individuals' choice among these three types, the paper uncovers that while individuals tend to prefer small private banks on the basis of high interest rates, they tend to avoid them on the basis of trust. However, higher branch density and closeness negatively affect the choice of small private banks. Additionally, individual's choice of public banks as opposed to large private banks seems to have been positively influenced mostly by being older, being retired, receiving salary/pension, and valuing special services for farmers and craftsmen while it seems to have been negatively influenced by the use of certain services, valuing friendliness of the staff, and living in more developed regions where there is variety in terms of the financial institutions.
2007-11-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6096/1/MPRA_paper_6096.pdf
Ardic, Oya Pinar and Yuzereroglu, Uygar (2007): How Do Individuals Choose Banks? An Application to Household Level Data from Turkey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6889
2019-09-27T00:37:13Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433130
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423233
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6889/
The Application of the Econometric Models with Qualitative Variables in the Analysis of the Non Academic Behaviors at the Level of the Romanian Higher Education System
Andrei, Tudorel
Teodorescu, Daniel
Iacob, Andreea Iluzia E. S.
Stancu, Stelian
C13 - Estimation: General
C10 - General
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
B23 - Econometrics ; Quantitative and Mathematical Studies
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
The purpose of this paper was to apply the econometric models with qualitative variables in order to analyze two non academic behaviors at the level of the Romanian higher education system: cheating on the exams by copying or by direct or intermediary intervention at the professor.
2007-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6889/1/MPRA_paper_6889.pdf
Andrei, Tudorel and Teodorescu, Daniel and Iacob, Andreea Iluzia E. S. and Stancu, Stelian (2007): The Application of the Econometric Models with Qualitative Variables in the Analysis of the Non Academic Behaviors at the Level of the Romanian Higher Education System. Published in: Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research , Vol. 41, No. No. 3-4/2007 (December 2007): pp. 131-139.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7042
2019-10-25T18:13:31Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7463
2019-09-27T16:45:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D45:4535:453538
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443431
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443430
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443439
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7463/
Operationalizing and Measuring Competition: Determinants of Competition in Private Banking Industry in India
Kv, Bhanu Murthy
Deb, Ashis Taru
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies
D41 - Perfect Competition
D40 - General
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
D49 - Other
Using an appropriate theoretical framework and econometric methodology, the study has sought to measure and model competition in private banking industry in India in an attempt to analyse the process of market dynamics in the industry. The changing scenario of private banking consequent to deregulation provided the motivation behind the study. It used the concept of competition proposed by Stigler (1961) and measured it by Bodenhorn’s (1990) measure of mobility. The study provides a critique of the mechanism of inducing competition, which is implicit in the Narasimham Committee (1991). It then provides the theoretical background of an alternative mechanism based on Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm, which incorporates basic conditions and strategic groups, apart from including entry, economies of scale, product differentiation and price cost margin, One basic contention of the study is that competition goes beyond “conduct” and encompasses all the four components of S-C-P paradigm: basic conditions, structure, conduct and performance.
Accordingly, a three equation simultaneous equation model is used to ultimately estimate the equation of competition through Tobit technique. The result demonstrates that variables related to basic conditions, structure, and conduct and performance influence competition. The study has found evidence against the simplistic relationship between concentration and competition, which remained implicit in the literature. The study also developed a methodology to arrive at market form from an analysis of three aspects of a market and concludes that private banking industry in India is characterized by monopolistic competition.
2008-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7463/1/MPRA_paper_7463.pdf
Kv, Bhanu Murthy and Deb, Ashis Taru (2008): Operationalizing and Measuring Competition: Determinants of Competition in Private Banking Industry in India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7778
2019-09-27T03:25:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7778/
Random Utility Pseudo Panel Model and Application on Car Ownership Forecast
Huang, Biao
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper reports the recent development on the theoretical aspects of the nonlinear pseudo panel, its empirical application on car demand model, and forecast of car ownership level in Great Britain to year 2026.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7778/1/MPRA_paper_7778.pdf
Huang, Biao (2007): Random Utility Pseudo Panel Model and Application on Car Ownership Forecast.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8029
2019-10-06T15:04:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8029/
Part-time work as a transitional phase? The role of preferences and institutions in Germany, Great Britain and The Netherlands.
Dekker, Ronald
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper uses 11 years of data from household panel data sets for the Netherlands, Germany and Great-Britain to investigate part-time employment and the role of institutions and preferences on transitions from part-time into full-time employment or into other employment statuses. The behavioural choice model distinguishes four labour market states: short hours part-time employment, long hours part-time employment, full-time employment and nonparticipation. This dynamic model is estimated with a multinomial logit model. Results from the estimates are interpreted against the background of the institutional differences between the three countries. In particular we look at the role of stated preferences on the number of working hours on the transition patterns of individual workers. Results indicate that both the Netherlands and Great-Britain as welfare states are more capable of facilitating workers to end up in their preferred hours bracket than Germany is.
2008-04-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8029/1/MPRA_paper_8029.pdf
Dekker, Ronald (2008): Part-time work as a transitional phase? The role of preferences and institutions in Germany, Great Britain and The Netherlands.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8113
2019-09-26T10:44:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4731
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8113/
Modelling Time Series Count Data: An Autoregressive Conditional Poisson Model
Heinen, Andreas
G1 - General Financial Markets
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper introduces and evaluates new models for time series count data. The Autoregressive Conditional Poisson model (ACP) makes it possible to deal with issues of discreteness, overdispersion (variance greater than the mean) and serial correlation. A fully parametric approach is taken and a marginal distribution for the counts is specified, where conditional on past observations the mean is autoregressive. This enables to attain improved inference on coefficients of exogenous regressors relative to static
Poisson regression, which is the main concern of the existing literature, while modelling the serial correlation in a flexible way. A variety of models, based on the double
Poisson distribution of Efron (1986) is introduced, which in a first step introduce an additional dispersion parameter and in a second step make this dispersion parameter
time-varying. All models are estimated using maximum likelihood which makes the usual tests available. In this framework autocorrelation can be tested with a straightforward likelihood ratio test, whose simplicity is in sharp contrast with test procedures in the latent variable time series count model of Zeger (1988). The models are applied to the time series of monthly polio cases in the U.S between 1970 and 1983 as well as to the daily number of price change durations of :75$ on the IBM stock. A .75$ price change duration is defined as the time it takes the stock price to move by at least .75$. The variable of interest is the daily number of such durations, which is a measure of intradaily volatility, since the more volatile the stock price is within a day, the larger the counts will be. The ACP models provide good density forecasts of this measure of volatility.
2003-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8113/1/MPRA_paper_8113.pdf
Heinen, Andreas (2003): Modelling Time Series Count Data: An Autoregressive Conditional Poisson Model.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8703
2019-09-28T11:53:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8703/
Do Migrants succeed in the Australian Labour Market? Furher Evidence on Job Quality
Mahuteau, Stephane
Junankar, Pramod
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J68 - Public Policy
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
While the Coalition Government was in power in Australia from 1996 to 2007, new immigrants have had to face tougher selection criteria and increased financial pressure. Most studies so far have overlooked the issue of the quality of the jobs obtained by new immigrants to Australia and whether the policy change has contributed to improve or worsen job quality among immigrants and their ability to move upward. Job quality is thought to be related to the channels of information used by immigrants in their job search. Some studies suggest that jobs found via networks of same origin migrants are of lower quality. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we investigate the effect of time since settlement on the ability of migrants to better their labour market outcomes. Second, we quantify the relationships between job quality and migrants’ job search methods and test whether they were affected by the policy changes.
Using the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia (LSIA), we estimate the probabilities for immigrants to find “good jobs”, controlling for their initial employability upon arrival in Australia. We test several models involving various definitions of “good job”, from objective conditions, based on the nature and status of the occupation, to more subjective conditions based on job satisfaction. We show that the sole effect of being a second cohort migrant is beneficial for the probability to both find a job and a “good job” within the first year and half after settlement. After this time, cohort two migrants who still have not found a good job experience more difficulty to improve. Moreover, informal channels of information on job prospects have been slightly more efficient in enabling second cohort migrants to find good jobs, even though they still provide individuals with a disadvantage compared to formal channels.
2007-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8703/1/MPRA_paper_8703.pdf
Mahuteau, Stephane and Junankar, Pramod (2007): Do Migrants succeed in the Australian Labour Market? Furher Evidence on Job Quality.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8725
2019-09-28T16:46:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433731
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8725/
Equity Basis Selection in Allocation Environments
Aadland, David
Kolpin, Van
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C71 - Cooperative Games
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
The successful formation and long-term stability of a cooperative venture is often linked to the perceived fairness of the associated cost or resource allocation. In particular, the effectiveness of such collaborations can be hampered by the lack of a consensus view on what basis should be used for gauging an allocation’s “fairness.” Standards of equity in traditional cost-sharing applications could be assessed on many dimensions: per capita, per unit of demand, or per unit of revenue, to mention a few. This multiplicity of logically compelling “equity bases” is a feature common to many practical cost-sharing applications. Our analysis shows that features of the allocation environment are capable of explaining a substantial amount of the variation in the equity bases employed in practice and are consistent with the axiomatic principles of collective behavior.
2008-03-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8725/1/MPRA_paper_8725.pdf
Aadland, David and Kolpin, Van (2008): Equity Basis Selection in Allocation Environments.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9299
2019-09-27T00:30:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473238
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9299/
The Empirics of Banking Regulation
TCHANA TCHANA, Fulbert
G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages
This paper assesses empirically whether banking regulation is effective at preventing banking crises. We use a monthly index of banking system fragility, which captures almost every source of risk in the banking system, to estimate the effect of regulatory measures (entry restriction, reserve requirement, deposit insurance, and capital adequacy requirement) on banking stability in the context of a Markov-switching model. We apply this method to the Indonesian banking system, which has been subject to several regulatory changes over the last couple of decades, and at the same time, has experienced a severe systemic crisis. We draw from this research the following findings: (i) entry restriction reduces crisis duration and also the probability of their occurrence; (ii) larger reserve requirements reduce crisis duration, but increase banking instability; (iii) deposit insurance increases banking system stability and reduces crisis duration. (vi) capital adequacy requirement improves stability and reduces the expected duration of banking crises.
2008-06-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9299/1/MPRA_paper_9299.pdf
TCHANA TCHANA, Fulbert (2008): The Empirics of Banking Regulation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9313
2019-09-27T10:17:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9313/
Estimation of an Occupational Choice Model when Occupations are Misclassified
Sullivan, Paul
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
This paper examines occupational choices using a discrete choice model that accounts for the fact that self-reported occupation data is measured with error. Despite evidence from validation studies which suggests that there is a substantial amount of measurement error in self-reported occupations, existing research has not corrected for classification error when estimating models of occupational choice. This paper develops a panel data model of occupational choices that corrects for misclassification in occupational choices and measurement error in occupation-specific work experience variables. The model is used to estimate the extent of measurement error in self-reported occupation data and quantify the bias that results from ignoring measurement error in occupation codes when studying the determinants of occupational choices and estimating the effects of occupation-specific human capital on wages. The parameter estimates reveal that 9% of occupational choices in the 1979 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth are misclassified. Ignoring misclassification biases the median parameter in the occupational choice model by 25%.
2007-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9313/1/MPRA_paper_9313.pdf
Sullivan, Paul (2007): Estimation of an Occupational Choice Model when Occupations are Misclassified.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9397
2019-09-26T17:06:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9397/
Impact of Child Labour on School Attendance and School Attainment: Evidence from Bangladesh
Khanam, Rasheda
Ross, Russell
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
I21 - Analysis of Education
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
The paper examines the linkages between child work and both school attendance and school attainment of children aged 5–17 years using data from a survey based in rural Bangladesh. This paper first looks at school attendance as an indicator of a child’s time input in schooling; then it measures the “schooling-for-age” as a learning achievement or schooling outcome. The results from the logistic regressions show that school attendance and grade attainment are lower for children who are working. The gender-disaggregated estimates show that probability of grade attainment is lower for girls than that of boys. Household permanent income, parental education and supply side correlates of schooling (presence of a primary (grade 1-6) school and secondary (grade 6-10) school in the village) are appeared to be significant determinants of schooling in rural Bangladesh. The results of this study further show that the effect of household permanent income, parental education and presence of secondary school is higher for grade attainment than school attendance.
2005-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9397/1/MPRA_paper_9397.pdf
Khanam, Rasheda and Ross, Russell (2005): Impact of Child Labour on School Attendance and School Attainment: Evidence from Bangladesh.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9617
2019-09-27T03:00:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433132
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9617/
Marginal and Interaction Effects in Ordered Response Models
Mallick, Debdulal
C12 - Hypothesis Testing: General
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
In discrete choice models the marginal effect of a variable of interest that is interacted with another variable differs from the marginal effect of a variable that is not interacted with any variable. The magnitude of the interaction effect is also not equal to the marginal effect of the interaction term. I present consistent estimators of both marginal and interaction effects in ordered response models. This procedure is general and can easily be extended to other discrete choice models.
2008-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9617/1/MPRA_paper_9617.pdf
Mallick, Debdulal (2008): Marginal and Interaction Effects in Ordered Response Models.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9674
2018-01-06T05:11:14Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9675
2019-09-27T16:43:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9675/
Airport Choice in a Constraint World: Discrete Choice Models and Capacity Constraints
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach to model capacity constraints in discrete choice with at least some capacity-related variables missing, like e.g. the price of a commodity. Airport choice models often do not contain air fares because of measurement difficulties as air fares are often not included in passenger surveys and thus essential information regarding ticket price is lost to the researcher. Since air fares vary more across ticket categories at an airport than a ticket category varies across different airports, air fare related information cannot be reconstructed in many cases by the researcher. However, capacity constraints are becoming increasingly more important and thus including capacity constraints in airport choice models is reasonable.
The model approach is based on individual utility maximisation and thus fits into the discrete choice framework. Furthermore, nonlinear programming is employed to find a feasible solution regarding capacity constraints. Thereby, detailed statements on how limited airport capacity changes traveller behaviour with regard to airport choice on the level of individual air travellers and airports are possible. The paper concludes with an empirical example to demonstrate the methodology and show the impact of limited airport capacity on airport choice of air travellers.
2008-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9675/1/MPRA_paper_9675.pdf
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher (2008): Airport Choice in a Constraint World: Discrete Choice Models and Capacity Constraints. Published in: Proceedings of the Air Transport Research Society World Conference 2008 (July 2008): pp. 1-16.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9811
2019-10-29T07:29:56Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10033
2019-10-25T05:29:53Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10080
2019-09-27T14:42:25Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10080/
A test of the normality assumption in the ordered probit model
Johnson, Paul A.
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper presents an easily implemented test of the assumption of a normally distributed error term for the ordered probit model. As this assumption is the central maintained hypothesis in all estimation and testing based on this model, the test ought to serve as a key specification test in applied research. A small Monte Carlo experiment suggests that the test has good size and power properties.
1996
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10080/2/MPRA_paper_10080.pdf
Johnson, Paul A. (1996): A test of the normality assumption in the ordered probit model. Published in: METRON , Vol. LIV, (1996): pp. 213-221.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10458
2019-10-01T09:21:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463330
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10458/
La metodología de rating “through the cycle”: aplicación para la estimación de ratings soberanos
Pena, Alejandro
Rodríguez, Analía
F30 - General
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
G20 - General
This paper analyses the through-the-cycle rating concept; basically, we try to specify its
main characteristics, focusing on the differences with point-in-time ratings. We also
discuss the effects of this methodology on the prediction power of default probabilities, on
the stability of those ratings, and their impact on the capital requirements that emerge
from Basel II, in terms of their potential procyclicality. On the other hand, we argue how
predictable rating changes are, and the ability of the agencies to look through the cycle
when assigning qualifications. Based on that, we conclude about the way that economical
fundamentals must be incorporated in rating calculations. We estimate a panel data model
with random effects ordered probit, using data for the period 1997-2007.
2008-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10458/1/MPRA_paper_10458.pdf
Pena, Alejandro and Rodríguez, Analía (2008): La metodología de rating “through the cycle”: aplicación para la estimación de ratings soberanos.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10500
2019-10-02T07:52:06Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433431
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10500/
STRATEGIES D'INSERTION ET DUREE D'ACCES AU PREMIER EMPLOI
Sabatier, Mareva
C41 - Duration Analysis ; Optimal Timing Strategies
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper aims at estimating the impact of search strategies (effort and search channels) on unemployment duration. A two-step microeconometric application is used. First, the choice process of search strategies (number and type of search media used) is analysed. Second, competing risk models are estimated in order to evaluate the compared efficiency of search strategies. Results conclude to the endogeneity of the search strategies choice and to strong impacts of effort and search media on the first job access duration, according to the type of job found. This article proposes an interpretation of the firm as a bundle of interacting communities, in the perspective of the knowledge-based economy. It focuses on the examination of the forms of voluntary co-operative exchange in the communities and the emergence of collective beliefs and corporate culture. Thus, the particular analysis of the community level, by bringing additional dimensions of creation, validation and diffusion of knowledge, is a complement to the traditional modes of co-ordination of the firm.
2002
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10500/1/MPRA_paper_10500.pdf
Sabatier, Mareva (2002): STRATEGIES D'INSERTION ET DUREE D'ACCES AU PREMIER EMPLOI. Published in: Reuve d'Economie Politique , Vol. 113, No. 5 (September 2003): pp. 671-696.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10814
2019-09-29T08:46:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3136
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433831
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10814/
Wider impacts of microcredit: evidence from labor and human capital in urban Mexico
Nino-Zarazua, Miguel
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
C24 - Truncated and Censored Models ; Switching Regression Models ; Threshold Regression Models
O16 - Financial Markets ; Saving and Capital Investment ; Corporate Finance and Governance
C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data ; Data Access
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper presents an estimation of the impacts of microcredit on labor and human capital following a quasi-experiment specifically designed to control for endogeneity and selection bias in the context of urban Mexico. We find important indirect trickle-down effects of credit through labor expenditure that benefit poor laborers; however, these effects were only observed when loan-supported enterprising households reached a level of income well above the poverty line. We also find significant, although small impacts of credit on
children´s schooling that could be potentially reinforced by improvements in lending technology, school grants and additional ex-ante preventive and ex-post protective riskcoping products.
2008-09-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10814/1/MPRA_paper_10814.pdf
Nino-Zarazua, Miguel (2008): Wider impacts of microcredit: evidence from labor and human capital in urban Mexico.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11851
2019-09-27T13:07:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11851/
Stochastically more risk averse: A contextual theory of stochastic discrete choice under risk
Wilcox, Nathaniel
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
Microeconometric treatments of discrete choice under risk are typically homoscedastic latent variable models. Specifically, choice probabilities are given by preference functional differences (given by expected utility, rank-dependent utility, etc.) embedded in cumulative distribution functions. This approach has a problem: Estimated utility function parameters meant to represent
agents’ degree of risk aversion in the sense of Pratt (1964) do not imply a suggested “stochastically more risk averse” relation within such models. A new heteroscedastic model called “contextual utility” remedies this, and estimates in one data set suggest it explains (and especially predicts) as well or better than other stochastic models.
2007-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11851/1/MPRA_paper_11851.pdf
Wilcox, Nathaniel (2007): Stochastically more risk averse: A contextual theory of stochastic discrete choice under risk.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11852
2019-09-28T07:32:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433932
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433733
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11852/
Stated versus inferred beliefs: A methodological inquiry and experimental test
Rutstrom, E. Elizabet
Wilcox, Nathaniel
C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games ; Evolutionary Games ; Repeated Games
If asking subjects their beliefs during repeated game play changes the way those subjects play, using those stated beliefs to evaluate and compare theories of strategic behavior is problematic. We experimentally verify that belief elicitation can alter paths of play in a repeated asymmetric matching pennies game. In this setting, belief elicitation improves the goodness of fit of structural models of belief learning, and the prior beliefs implied by such structural models are both stronger and more realistic when beliefs are elicited than when they are not. These effects are, however, confined to the player type who sees a strong asymmetry between payoff possibilities for her two strategies in the game. We also find that “inferred beliefs” (beliefs estimated from past observed actions of opponents) can be better predictors of observed actions than the “stated beliefs” resulting from belief elicitation.
2008-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11852/1/MPRA_paper_11852.pdf
Rutstrom, E. Elizabet and Wilcox, Nathaniel (2008): Stated versus inferred beliefs: A methodological inquiry and experimental test.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11956
2019-10-04T17:12:24Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11956/
Airport and Access Mode Choice in Germany: A Generalized Neural Logit Model Approach
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
The purpose of the paper is to present a novel approach of a general airport and access mode choice model. Based on data of the German Air Traveller Survey 2003 with a sample size of about 210.000 passengers interviewed at 21 airports a three-stage nested logit model has been estimated in a first step. 7 different access modes to the airport are modelled, subdivided into four private and three public travel modes. The model includes 7 different market segments: Domestic, European and Intercontinental travel, each segment split up into private and business travel. The European private travel segment is further subdivided into short stay trips and holiday travel.
The aim is to develop a generally applicable airport and access mode choice model. Thereby it is possible to analyse future in terms of new airport constellations and new airport access modes. To achieve this, Kohonens Self-Organizing-Maps are used to identify different airport clusters and assign every airport to the appropriate cluster. Based on these airport clusters the aforementioned nested logit model has been estimated.
In a second step, neural networks are applied to the problem of airport and access mode choice. On the basis of neural networks a new kind of discrete choice model called "Generalized Neural Logit Model" has been developed. To optimize the network structure genetic algorithms have been applied. Such a model fits into the structure of a General Extreme Value model and satisfies the condition of utility maximization.
A second airport and access mode choice model based on the Generalized Neural Logit Model and the airport clusters has been estimated. Although the former approach showed for most market segments a good model fit, the new approach showed a significant increase in model fit especially for those market segments the model fits of which in the nested logit model were less satisfying.
2006-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11956/3/MPRA_paper_11956.pdf
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher (2006): Airport and Access Mode Choice in Germany: A Generalized Neural Logit Model Approach. Published in: Proceedings of the 2006 European Transport Conference (2006): pp. 1-32.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11957
2019-09-27T03:44:18Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433435
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11957/
Airport and Access Mode Choice : A Generalized Nested Logit Model Approach
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher
Wilken, Dieter
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
The purpose of the paper is to present a novel approach of a general airport and access mode choice model. Based on data of the German Air Traveller Survey 2003 with a sample size of about 210.000 passengers interviewed at 21 airports a three-stage nested logit model has been estimated in a first step. 7 different access modes to the airport are modelled, subdivided into four private and three public travel modes. The model includes 7 different market segments: Domestic, European and Intercontinental travel, each segment split up into private and business travel. The European private travel segment is further subdivided into short stay trips and holiday travel.
The aim is to develop a generally applicable airport and access mode choice model. Thereby it is possible to analyse future in terms of new airport constellations and new airport access modes. To achieve this, Kohonens Self-Organizing-Maps are used to identify different airport clusters and assign every airport to the appropriate cluster. Based on these airport clusters the aforementioned nested logit model has been estimated.
The model is fully flexible regarding airports and access modes included in the analysis, thereby it is possible to evaluate any scenario, whether it is existing today or not. Furthermore, the model is not restricted in terms of the maximum number of airport/access mode combinations allowed. Interesting model applications comprise new high speed intercity access to existing airports or the impact of new airports like for example Berlin-Brandenburg International. Analysis of airport and access mode choice in border regions is possible, too.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11957/2/MPRA_paper_11957.pdf
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher and Wilken, Dieter (2006): Airport and Access Mode Choice : A Generalized Nested Logit Model Approach. Published in: Proceedings of the 10th Air Transport Research Society World Conference (2006): pp. 1-30.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12009
2019-10-08T12:13:58Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D52:5234:523431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12009/
Using nonparametrics to specify a model to measure the value of travel time
Fosgerau, Mogens
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion ; Travel Time ; Safety and Accidents ; Transportation Noise
Using a range of nonparametric methods, the paper examines the specification of a model to evaluate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for travel time changes from binomial choice data from a simple time-cost trading experiment. The analysis favours a model with random WTP as the only source of randomness over a model with fixed WTP which is linear in time and cost and has an additive random error term. Results further indicate that the distribution of log WTP can be described as a sum of a linear index fixing the location of the log WTP distribution and an independent random variable representing unobserved heterogeneity. This formulation is useful for parametric modelling. The index indicates that the WTP varies systematically with income and other individual characteristics. The WTP varies
also with the time difference presented in the experiment which is in contradiction of standard utility theory.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12009/1/MPRA_paper_12009.pdf
Fosgerau, Mogens (2007): Using nonparametrics to specify a model to measure the value of travel time. Published in: Transportation Research Part A , Vol. 41, No. 9 (2008): pp. 842-856.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12565
2019-09-28T09:40:34Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12565/
Discrete choices and the trade-off between money and time: A test of the theory of reference-dependent preferences
De Borger, Bruno
Fosgerau, Mogens
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
We formulate a model of reference-dependent preferences based on the marginal rate of substitution at the reference-point of a reference-free utility function. Using binary choices on the trade-off between money and travel time, reference-dependence is captured by value functions that are centered at the reference. The model predicts a directly testable relationship among four commonly used valuation measures (willingness to pay (WTP), willingness to accept (WTA), equivalent gain (EG) and equivalent loss (EL)). Moreover, we show that the model allows recovering the underlying ‘reference-free’ value of time. This provides a potential solution to the issue of which measure to use for public policy evaluation. Based on a large survey data set, we estimate an econometric version of the model, allowing for both observed and unobserved heterogeneity. In a series of tests of high statistical power, we find that the relationship among the four valuation measures conforms to our model and that the constraints on the parameters implied by the model are met. The gap between WTP and WTA is found to be a factor of four. Loss aversion plays an important role in explaining responses; moreover, participants are more loss averse in the time dimension than the cost dimension. We further find evidence of asymmetrically diminishing sensitivity. Finally, we show that the fraction of ´mistakes`, in the sense that participants are observed to sometimes select dominated options, varies systematically in a way consistent with the model of reference-dependence.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12565/1/MPRA_paper_12565.pdf
De Borger, Bruno and Fosgerau, Mogens (2008): Discrete choices and the trade-off between money and time: A test of the theory of reference-dependent preferences. Published in: Journal of Urban Economics , Vol. 64, No. 1 : pp. 101-115.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13325
2019-09-26T12:10:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13325/
Marginal and Interaction Effects in Ordered Response Models
Mallick, Debdulal
C13 - Estimation: General
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
In discrete choice models the marginal effects of a variable that is interacted with another variable and the interaction term differ from the marginal effect of a variable that is not interacted with any variable. Standard software incorrectly estimates these marginal effects. I provide correct formulas for ordered response models that can be extended to other discrete choice models and an example using household survey data on food security in Bangladesh. Results show that marginal effects of the variables interacted and interaction term are estimated by standard software (such as STATA® 10) with large error and even with wrong sign.
2009-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13325/1/MPRA_paper_13325.pdf
Mallick, Debdulal (2009): Marginal and Interaction Effects in Ordered Response Models.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13327
2019-09-28T12:25:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13327/
Exporting quality: is it the right strategy for the Italian manufacturing sector?
Imbriani, Cesare
Morone, Piergiuseppe
Testa, Giuseppina
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
ABSTRACT: Recently, most European manufacturing firms have been engaged in a number of innovative activities to survive the growing competition coming from newly-industrialising countries. Italian manufacturing industry, which relies largely on SMEs, is struggling to regain competitiveness in global markets. In light of these stylised facts, we first investigate whether innovating activities and quality goods’ production enhance Italian SMEs’ probability to be exporter. Our findings suggest that both products’ quality and innovative activities affect considerably SMEs’ likelihood to export. Subsequently, using the Chow test, we find evidence for a structural break produced by quality, which results in substantial differences between high and low-quality firms. The former are more likely to export if they introduce product innovation, marketing innovation and/or organisational changes, the latter increase their chances of exporting when introducing process innovations and organisational changes.
2008-12-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13327/1/MPRA_paper_13327.pdf
Imbriani, Cesare and Morone, Piergiuseppe and Testa, Giuseppina (2008): Exporting quality: is it the right strategy for the Italian manufacturing sector?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13329
2019-09-30T08:52:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13329/
Proximity and Innovation in Italian SMEs
Morone, Piergiuseppe
Petraglia, Carmelo
Testa, Giuseppina
L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
O3 - Innovation ; Research and Development ; Technological Change ; Intellectual Property Rights
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
Abstract: In this paper we assess the relevance of both knowledge creation and diffusion processes in affecting Italian SMEs’ propensity to innovate. In doing so a knowledge production function (KPF) is estimated for a representative sample of small and medium manufacturing firms over the period 1998-2003. To account for endogeneity of R&D effort in the KPF, we estimate a Heckman selection model on R&D decisions and obtain two main results. First, we do not find the probability of being engaged in intramural R&D activities to be significantly related to firm size. Second, for those firms engaged in R&D activities, the intensity of R&D effort increases with firm size. Then, the KPF is estimated for three different samples of firms using a standard probit where the probability that SMEs will innovate depends upon intramural R&D effort, regional and industrial spillovers and a vector of interaction and control variables. The main results obtained from this second set of regressions are the following: first, we find the probability to innovate to be positively related to sectoral spillovers, the magnitude of such impact being decreasing in firms’ size. Second, knowledge diffusion via geographical proximity enhances the probability of the recipient firm to innovate only if it has an appropriate endowment of human capital.
2008-12-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13329/1/MPRA_paper_13329.pdf
Morone, Piergiuseppe and Petraglia, Carmelo and Testa, Giuseppina (2008): Proximity and Innovation in Italian SMEs.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13351
2018-03-11T08:44:16Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14034
2019-09-28T09:23:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14034/
Blaming the exogenous environment? Conditional efficiency estimation with continuous and discrete exogenous variables
De Witte, Kristof
Mika, Kortelainen
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
I21 - Analysis of Education
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper proposes a fully nonparametric framework to estimate relative efficiency of entities while accounting for a mixed set of continuous and discrete (both ordered and unordered) exogenous variables. Using robust partial frontier techniques, the probabilistic and conditional characterization of the production process, as well as insights from the recent developments in nonparametric econometrics, we present a generalized approach for conditional efficiency measurement. To do so, we utilize a tailored mixed kernel function with a data-driven bandwidth selection. So far only descriptive analysis for studying the effect of heterogeneity in conditional efficiency estimation has been suggested. We show how to use and interpret nonparametric bootstrap-based significance tests in a generalized conditional efficiency framework. This allows us to study statistical significance of continuous and discrete exogenous variables on production process. The proposed approach is illustrated using simulated examples as well as a sample of British pupils from the OECD Pisa data set. The results of the empirical application show that several exogenous discrete factors have a statistically significant effect on the educational process.
2009-03-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14034/1/MPRA_paper_14034.pdf
De Witte, Kristof and Mika, Kortelainen (2009): Blaming the exogenous environment? Conditional efficiency estimation with continuous and discrete exogenous variables.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14166
2019-09-28T16:44:44Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3431
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14166/
Measuring the Utility Cost of Temporary Employment Contracts before Adaptation: A Conjoint Analysis Approach
Pouliakas, Konstantinos
Theodossiou, Ioannis
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J41 - Labor Contracts
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This study attempts to estimate the ‘utility cost’ of temporary employment contracts purged of the psychological effects of adaptation. A conjoint analysis experiment is used that examines the ex-ante contract preferences of a unique sample of low-skilled employees from 7 European countries. It is shown that permanent contract holders request a significant wage premium to move to a temporary job. In contrast, temporary workers are indifferent between permanent and temporary contracts, ceteris paribus. The evidence suggests that individuals have a psychological immune system which neutralises events that challenge their sense of well-being, such as job insecurity. The methodology developed in this paper can provide policymakers with an alternative and relatively inexpensive method of quantifying the transitional loss (or gain) in welfare that individuals might experience in response to changing labour market policies.
2008-11-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14166/1/MPRA_paper_14166.pdf
Pouliakas, Konstantinos and Theodossiou, Ioannis (2008): Measuring the Utility Cost of Temporary Employment Contracts before Adaptation: A Conjoint Analysis Approach. Forthcoming in: Economica
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14261
2019-09-27T15:37:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14261/
State dependence in work-related training participation among British employees: A comparison of different random effects probit estimators.
Panos, Sousounis
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper compares three different estimation approaches for the random effects dynamic panel data model, under the probit assumption on the distribution of the errors. These three approaches are attributed to Heckman (1981), Wooldridge (2005) and Orme (2001). The results are then compared with those obtained from generalised method of moments (GMM) estimators of a dynamic linear probability model, namely the Arellano and Bond (1991) and Blundell and Bond (1998) estimators. A model of work-related training participation for British employees is estimated using individual level data covering the period 1991-1997 from the British Household Panel Survey. This evaluation adds to the existing body of empirical evidence on the performance of these estimators using real data, which supplements the conclusions from simulation studies. The results suggest that for the dynamic random effects probit model the performance of no one estimator is superior to the others. GMM estimation of a dynamic LPM of training participation suggests that the random effects estimators are not sensitive to the distributional assumptions of the unobserved effect.
2008-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14261/1/MPRA_paper_14261.pdf
Panos, Sousounis (2008): State dependence in work-related training participation among British employees: A comparison of different random effects probit estimators.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14375
2019-09-28T05:23:01Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433335
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14375/
Does Education Pay off in Turkey? An Ordered Logit Approach
Oksuzler, Oktay
I20 - General
C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of education on individual income in
Turkey. To this end, Mincerian (1974) earning equation is estimated in which income
as a function of education, age, square of age and sex. Since all of the variables are in
the form discrete choices, an ordered logit model is employed. This model lets to
calculate probabilities of achieving higher income given education levels that are not
provided by the earlier studies of Tansel (1994), Dayıoglu and Kasnakoglu (1997) and
Ozcan et al.. (2003). The empirical findings show that as education level increases, the
probability of achieving higher income raises notably. The finding of highest return for
university education for both sexes supports the view; education should be considered
as an investment and individuals should bear the cost of it to some extent.
2008-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14375/1/MPRA_paper_14375.pdf
Oksuzler, Oktay (2008): Does Education Pay off in Turkey? An Ordered Logit Approach. Published in: The Empirical Economics Letters , Vol. 7(2), (February 2008): pp. 213-221.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14390
2019-09-28T04:52:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14390/
¿Desaparece la clase media en México?: Una aplicación de la polarización por subgrupos entre 1984 y 2000.
Huesca, Luis
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper empirically applies the statistical approaches to the phenomenon of polarization generated by Esteban, et al. (1999) and Gradín (2000) in order to quantify the evolution of the middle class in Mexico and the role of various household attributes in the formation of groups during 1984-2000. It is assumed that the formation of extreme groups and the clustering process in every society is determined not only by equivalent income, but also by socioeconomic characteristics of the household. Micro-data of the National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure (ENIGH) is used, so that household disposable equivalent income is related to the attributes of the household head. Once the social groups are quantified, an ordered probit model is settled out so influences of characteristics are attached to them and respective probabilities and marginal effects are obtained. Findings reveal that both a huge gap between poor and rich incomes and the effect that education induces to separate the sub-populations groups, lead to increases in polarization engendering a weaker middle class in the distribution. It is also found that a higher effort is required in order to improve household conditions within the Mexican society between 1984 and 2000.
2004-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14390/1/MPRA_paper_14390.pdf
Huesca, Luis (2004): ¿Desaparece la clase media en México?: Una aplicación de la polarización por subgrupos entre 1984 y 2000.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15097
2019-10-02T17:44:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453337
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15097/
Monitoring Business Cycles with Structural Breaks
Marcelle, Chauvet
Simon, Potter
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
E37 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
This paper examines the predictive content of coincident variables for monitoring U.S. recessions in the presence of instabilities. We propose several specifications of a probit model for classifying phases of the business cycle. We find strong evidence in favor of the ones that allow for the possibility that the economy has experienced recurrent breaks. The recession probabilities of these models provide a clearer classification of the business cycle into expansion and recession periods, and superior performance in the ability to correctly call recessions and to avoid false recession signals. Overall, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of these models are far superior as well as their ability to timely signal recessions. The results indicate the importance of considering recurrent breaks for monitoring business cycles.
2007-12-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15097/1/MPRA_paper_15097.pdf
Marcelle, Chauvet and Simon, Potter (2007): Monitoring Business Cycles with Structural Breaks.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15105
2019-09-26T22:49:26Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443130
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15105/
Poverty and Child Farm Labor in Africa: Wealth Paradox or bad Orthodoxy
Nkamleu, Guy Blaise
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
I21 - Analysis of Education
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
D10 - General
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
The link between poverty and child labor has traditionally been regarded as well established but recent researches have questioned its validity, suggesting that child labor is more important in the richest households (wealth paradox). The present study revisits the link between poverty and farm child labor in Africa and aims at testing the paradoxical wealth effect. Using different modeling techniques, the analysis focuses on family-controlled child labor taking place in the cocoa sector of Côte d’Ivoire.
The results reveal that the effect of different commonly used wealth proxies have opposite effects on child labor participation and are sometimes sensitive to the modeling technique. This mixed result is the root of the apparent wealth paradox found in the literature. However, relevant and robust wealth proxies clearly indicate a positive relationship between poverty and child labor. The study therefore sustains that the apparent wealth paradox found in the literature is the end result of a bad orthodoxy.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15105/1/MPRA_paper_15105.pdf
Nkamleu, Guy Blaise (2006): Poverty and Child Farm Labor in Africa: Wealth Paradox or bad Orthodoxy. Published in: African Journal of Economic Policy , Vol. 13, No. 1 (2006): pp. 1-24.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15125
2019-09-26T15:22:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15125/
I would walk 500 miles (if it paid)
Chumacero, Romulo
Gómez Caorsi, Daniel
Paredes, Ricardo
I21 - Analysis of Education
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
One of the pillars of the educational voucher system instituted in Chile is that competition among schools to attract students would improve the quality of the education provided. Surveys have suggested that families rank the distance of the school from their home as the most important factor for choosing a school. They also suggest that parents largely ignore the results of standardized tests. We use a novel data set which includes measures of the distance between homes and schools to analyze the determinants of school choice. Economic theory suggests, and the estimations confirm, that parents consider quality of the school and its location when choosing schools. The paper quantifies the relevant trade-offs.
2008-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15125/1/MPRA_paper_15125.pdf
Chumacero, Romulo and Gómez Caorsi, Daniel and Paredes, Ricardo (2008): I would walk 500 miles (if it paid).
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15178
2019-09-26T15:57:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3833
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15178/
Altitude or hot air?
Chumacero, Romulo
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
L83 - Sports ; Gambling ; Restaurants ; Recreation ; Tourism
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper uses several econometric models to evaluate the determinants of the outcomes of the World Cup Qualifying matches played in South America. It documents the relative importance of home-field advantage and other factors.
Contrary to popular belief, altitude appears not to be an important factor behind the outcome or score of a match.
2007-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15178/1/MPRA_paper_15178.pdf
Chumacero, Romulo (2007): Altitude or hot air?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15998
2019-09-26T10:37:12Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433435
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15998/
A Generalized Neural Logit Model for Airport and Access Mode Choice in Germany
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
The purpose of this paper is to present a new kind of discrete choice model called "Generalized Neural Logit Model" applied exemplarily to the case of airport and access mode choice. This approach employs neural networks to model the utility function of a discrete choice model and correlations within the alternative set and genetic algorithms to optimize the network structure.
To evaluate the new approach the application case of airport and access mode choice is chosen. Benchmark for the Generalized Neural Logit Model is a nested logit approach. The estimated market segment specific airport and access mode choice models are generally applicable to any number of airports and combinations of airports and access modes. Thereby it is possible to analyse future scenarios in terms of new airport constellations and new airport access modes. To achieve this, Kohonen’s Self-Organizing-Maps are used to identify different airport clusters and assign every airport to the appropriate cluster.
Although the nested logit model show a good model fit for most market segments, the Generalized Neural Logit approach produces a significant increase in model fit especially for those market segments whose nested logit model show less satisfying results.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15998/1/MPRA_paper_15998.pdf
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher (2007): A Generalized Neural Logit Model for Airport and Access Mode Choice in Germany. Published in: Proceedings of the 11th Air Transport Research Society World Conference (2007): pp. 1-42.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15999
2019-10-21T14:10:18Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15999/
Airport Choice in a Constraint World: Discrete Choice Models and Capacity Constraints
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach to model capacity constraints in discrete choice with at least some capacity-related variables missing, like e.g. the price of a commodity. Airport choice models often do not contain air fares because of measurement difficulties as air fares are often not included in passenger surveys and thus essential information regarding ticket price is lost to the researcher. Since air fares vary more across ticket categories at an airport than a ticket category varies across different airports, air fare related information cannot be reconstructed in many cases by the researcher. However, capacity constraints are becoming increasingly more important and thus including capacity constraints in airport choice models is reasonable.
The model approach is based on individual utility maximisation and thus fits into the discrete choice framework. Furthermore, nonlinear programming is employed to find a feasible solution regarding capacity constraints. Thereby, detailed statements on how limited airport capacity changes traveller behaviour with regard to airport choice on the level of individual air travellers and airports are possible. The paper concludes with an empirical example to demonstrate the methodology and show the impact of limited airport capacity on airport choice of air travellers.
2008-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15999/2/MPRA_paper_15999.pdf
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher (2008): Airport Choice in a Constraint World: Discrete Choice Models and Capacity Constraints. Published in: Proceedings of the Air Transport Research Society World Conference 2008 (July 2008): pp. 1-16.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16002
2019-10-01T04:51:57Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D52:5234:523431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16002/
Flughafen- und Zugangsverkehrsmittelwahl in Deutschland - Ein verallgemeinerter Nested Logit-Ansatz
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion ; Travel Time ; Safety and Accidents ; Transportation Noise
The purpose of this paper is to present an airport and access mode choice model based on discrete choice theory. In particular, a nested logit-model approach is employed and alternatives are based on so-called "airport categories", which were formed from a demand-oriented point of view. For this purpose a cluster technique called Kohonen’s Self Organizing Maps was used. Therefore, the model is applicable to any number of specific airports and combinations of airports and access modes permitting an evaluation of future scenarios not existing today with regard to airports and accessibility. Therefore, this approach is entiteled as “generalized nested logit model”. Market segments are classified regarding destination type and travel purpose. Destination types are divided into domestic, European and intercontinental. With respect to travel purposes private and business trips are distinguished. The market segment of private air travel to European destinations is further subdivided into short stay and holiday trips.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16002/1/MPRA_paper_16002.pdf
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher (2006): Flughafen- und Zugangsverkehrsmittelwahl in Deutschland - Ein verallgemeinerter Nested Logit-Ansatz. Published in: Proceedings of Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2006 (2006): pp. 529-538.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16003
2019-09-28T02:48:05Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D52:5234:523431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16003/
Business Aviation in Germany: An empirical and model-based analysis
Berster, Peter
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher
Wilken, Dieter
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion ; Travel Time ; Safety and Accidents ; Transportation Noise
The primary role of international airports is to serve the general public with scheduled and charter services, typically provided by airlines. Of secondary importance is their task to provide direct air transport access to the regional industry and to firms who operate their own fleets. In Düsseldorf (DUS), a major international airport in Germany with about 230 Thousand air transport movements (ATMs) in 2007, about 15 Thousand ATMs belonged to business aviation segment. Due to the complexity of slot allocation procedures and growing runway capacity problems at many international airports, business aviation has a growing problem at these airports to realise the demand for flights. However, neighbouring regional airports could play a complementary role and take over this traffic segment. Therefore, the objective of the paper is to describe and quantify the distribution of the growing business aviation between airports and show potential solutions and further avenues of how to accommodate business aviation at both major and near-by secondary airports. Analysis is supported by means of a new business aviation airport choice model based on a logit approach. This model differs significantly from other airport choice models for regular and tourism traffic in terms of the decision-relevant parameters: Factors such as accessibility of the airport, efficient passenger handling and the length of the runway of secondary airports play an important role, whereas price-related variables are less important to travellers of the business aviation segment. The model enables to develop promising strategies for secondary airports taking over a growing share of the business aviation segment in the case of a neighbouring international airport which suffers from congestion, thereby enhancing the overall level of service in consequence of airport cooperation.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16003/1/MPRA_paper_16003.pdf
Berster, Peter and Gelhausen, Marc Christopher and Wilken, Dieter (2009): Business Aviation in Germany: An empirical and model-based analysis. Published in: Proceedings of the 13th Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference 2009 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (2009): pp. 1-19.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16037
2019-09-29T04:57:29Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D52:5234:523431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16037/
Passengers' Airport Choice
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion ; Travel Time ; Safety and Accidents ; Transportation Noise
Modelling airport choice of passengers has been a subject of interest for air transport scientists and airport managers already for a while. Wilken, Berster and Gelhausen have reported of a market segment specific model approach to airport choice in Germany in a paper entitled "Airport Choice in Germany - New Empirical Evidence of the German Air Traveller Survey 2003" presented at the Air Transport Research Society World Conference 2005 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In continuation of the analysis of airport choice, based on the evidence coming from the data of the survey mentioned, this paper deals with a model of combined airport and access mode choice in Germany by market segment.
The question arises why to model airport and access mode choice simultaneously. The underlying hypothesis is that airport and access mode choice are closely interrelated. Air travellers typically have a strong preference to choose the nearest airport as the aforementioned survey reveals. In Germany, 67% of the air travellers choose on average the nearest airport, however, travel time not only depends on distance covered, but also on the accessibility of fast access modes, such as for instance high speed intercity trains, to reduce travel time. Access time and access cost play a major role in airport choice, which in turn depend on access mode choice. The availability of access modes is again airport specific. Because of the strong dependence of airport and access mode choice on each other a combined model approach seems more sensible than two separate models. The combined approach allows including the aforementioned interrelations.
This paper presents a combined airport and access mode choice model based on a nested logit approach, first presented at the Air Transport Research Society World Conference 2006 in Nagoya, Japan. It is called a "generalized nested logit model for airport and access mode choice" as it is not restricted to specific airports or a certain number of airport and access mode combinations, but allows to evaluate airport plans like the future Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport (BBI) in the southeast of Berlin or the introduction of new access modes, like a direct high speed intercity train access at already existing airports as this was the case between Cologne and Frankfurt airport in 2002. The case study concluding the paper is a modified excerpt of a study dealing with different future scenarios relating to airport and access mode choice in the Cologne region conducted by the author.
As a means to achieve a general applicability of the model airports have been grouped into “airport categories”. Airports are categorised from a demand-oriented point of view to form clusters of homogenous airports regarding their general picture of their flight plan.
The model is of particular interest for airport managers as well as high speed rail providers since it shows the dependence between the market share of an airport and access mode combination and its quality regarding their attributes, e.g. travel time, travel cost and weekly flight frequency to a given destination.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16037/2/MPRA_paper_16037.pdf
Gelhausen, Marc Christopher (2007): Passengers' Airport Choice. Published in: Proceedings of the Aachen Aviation Convention (AAC) 2007 (2007): pp. 41-51.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16303
2019-09-26T21:43:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3239
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16303/
The Timing of Daily Demand for Goods and Services – Multivariate Probit Estimates and Microsimulation Results for an Aged Population with German Time Use Diary Data
Merz, Joachim
Hanglberger, Dominik
Rucha, Rafael
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
J29 - Other
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
Though consumption research provides a broad spectrum of theoretical and empirical founded results, studies based on a daily focus are missing. Knowledge about the individual timing of daily demand for goods and services, opens – beyond a genuine contribution to consumption research – interesting societal and macro economic as well as individual personal and firm perspectives: it is important for an efficient timely coordination of supply and demand in the timing perspective as well as for a targeted economic, social and societal policy for a better support of the every day coordination of life. Last not least, the individual daily public and private living situations will be visible, which are of particular importance for the social togetherness in family and society. Our study contributes to the timing of daily consumption for goods and services with an empirical founded microanalysis on the basis of more than 37.000 individual time use diaries of the nationwide Time Budget Survey of the German Federal Statistical Office 2001/02. We describe the individual timing of daily demand for goods and services for important socio-demographic groups like for women and men, the economic situation with income poverty and daily working hour arrangements. The multivariate microeconometric explanation of the daily demand for goods and services is based on a latent utility maximizing approach over a day. We estimate an eight equation Multivariate/Simultaneous Probit Model, which allows the decision for multiple consumption activities in more than one time period a day. The estimates quantify effects on the timing of daily demand by individual socio-economic variables, which encompasses, personal, household, regional characteristics as well as daily working hour arrangements within a flexible labour market.
The question about individual effects of an aged society on the timing of daily demand for goods and services is analyzed with our microsimulation model ServSim and a population forecast for 2020 by the German Federal Statistical Office. Main result: There are significant differences in explaining the timing of daily demand for goods compared to services on the one hand and in particular for different daily time periods.
The conclusion: without the timing aspects an important and significant dimension for understanding individual consumption behaviour and their impacts on other individual living conditions would be missing.
2009-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16303/1/MPRA_paper_16303.pdf
Merz, Joachim and Hanglberger, Dominik and Rucha, Rafael (2009): The Timing of Daily Demand for Goods and Services – Multivariate Probit Estimates and Microsimulation Results for an Aged Population with German Time Use Diary Data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16377
2019-09-28T02:14:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473332
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16377/
Modelos de credit scoring: qué, cómo, cuándo y para qué
Gutierrez Girault, Matias Alfredo
G32 - Financing Policy ; Financial Risk and Risk Management ; Capital and Ownership Structure ; Value of Firms ; Goodwill
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
Introduced in the 70’s, credit scoring techniques became widespread in the 90’s thanks to the development of better statistical and computational resources. Nowadays almost all the financial intermediaries use these techniques, at least to originate credits.
Credit scoring models are algorithms that in a mechanical way assess the credit risk of a loan applicant or an existing bank client, by means of statistical, mathematic, econometric or artificial intelligence developments. They are focused on the borrower’s creditworthiness or credit risk, regardless of his interaction with the rest of the portfolio. Although all of them yield fairly similar results, those most commonly used are probit and logistic regressions, and decision trees. In general they are used to evaluate the retail portfolio; corporate obligors are typically assessed with rating systems. Besides using different explanatory variables, the assessment of corporate borrowers implies revising qualitative aspects of their business that are difficult to standardize. Therefore the result of their assessment is better expressed with a rating.
To clarify how credit scores are constructed and used, with the information contained in the BCRA’s public credit registry (Central de Deudores del Sistema Financiero (CENDEU)) we estimate a sample credit score and show how it operates with a probit model. The only purpose of this model is to show some stylized facts of credit scores, and by no means seeks to establish or indicate what are the best practices in their use, construction or interpretation.
2007-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16377/1/MPRA_paper_16377.pdf
Gutierrez Girault, Matias Alfredo (2007): Modelos de credit scoring: qué, cómo, cuándo y para qué.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17190
2019-09-28T07:52:39Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513236
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433135
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513230
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17190/
One and One-Half Bound Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation
Cooper, Joseph C.
Hanemann, W.M.
Signorello, Giovanni
Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
Q20 - General
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
To reduce the potential for response bias on the follow-up bid in multiple-bound discrete choice CVM questions while maintaining much of the efficiency gains of the multiple-bound approach, we introduce the one-and-one-half-bound (OOHB) approach. Despite the fact that the OOHB model uses less information than the double-bound (DB) approach, efficiency gains in moving from single-bound to OOHB capture a large portion of the gain associated with moving from single-bound to DB. In an analysis of survey data, our OOHB estimates demonstrated higher consistency with respect to the follow-up data than the DB estimates and were more efficient as well.
2002-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17190/2/MPRA_paper_17190.pdf
Cooper, Joseph C. and Hanemann, W.M. and Signorello, Giovanni (2002): One and One-Half Bound Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation. Published in: Review of Economics and Statistics , Vol. 84, (November 2002): pp. 742-750.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17329
2019-09-26T21:14:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433837
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433733
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17329/
Estimation of Dynamic Discrete Games Using the Nested Pseudo Likelihood Algorithm: Code and Application
Aguirregabiria, Victor
C13 - Estimation: General
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
C87 - Econometric Software
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games ; Evolutionary Games ; Repeated Games
This document describes program code for the solution and estimation of dynamic discrete games of incomplete information using the Nested Pseudo Likelihood (NPL) method in Aguirregabiria and Mira (2007). The code is illustrated using a dynamic game of store location by retail chains, and actual data from McDonalds and Burger King.
2009-09-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17329/1/MPRA_paper_17329.pdf
Aguirregabiria, Victor (2009): Estimation of Dynamic Discrete Games Using the Nested Pseudo Likelihood Algorithm: Code and Application.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17462
2019-09-27T18:51:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3431
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3136
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433234
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433331
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17462/
Microcredit, labour, and poverty impacts in urban Mexico
Niño-Zarazúa, Miguel
Mosley, Paul
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
J41 - Labor Contracts
O16 - Financial Markets ; Saving and Capital Investment ; Corporate Finance and Governance
C24 - Truncated and Censored Models ; Switching Regression Models ; Threshold Regression Models
C31 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions ; Social Interaction Models
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
Improved household accessibility to credit is identified as a significant determinant of intra-household re-allocation of labour resources with important implications for productivity, income, and poverty status. However, credit accessibility could also have wider impacts on poverty if it leads to new hires outside the household. This paper
contributes to the existing literature on microcredit in two important ways: first, it investigates the routes through which microcredit reaches those in poverty outside the household. We test whether, by lending to the vulnerable non-poor, microcredit programmes can indirectly benefit poor labourers through increased employment.
Second, we conduct the study in the spatial dimension of urban poverty Mexico. This is relevant when considering that, unlike in rural areas, labour often represents the only source of livelihoods to the extreme poor. Our findings point to significant trickle-down effects of microcredit that benefit poor labourers; however, these effects are only observed after loan-supported enterprising households achieve earnings well above the poverty line. The paper concludes with reflections on the policy implications.
2009-09-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17462/1/MPRA_paper_17462.pdf
Niño-Zarazúa, Miguel and Mosley, Paul (2009): Microcredit, labour, and poverty impacts in urban Mexico.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18128
2019-09-29T04:55:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18128/
R&D and Innovation Empirical Analysis for Tunisian Firms
El Elj, Moez
O55 - Africa
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
In the context of economic globalization and of the internationalization of R&D activity, innovation is becoming one of the most important assets for corporations in developed and emerging countries as well. The aim of this research is to analyze the main determinants of technological innovation of Tunisian firms on the basis of the innovation survey conducted by Tunisian Ministry of Scientific Research, Technology and Skills Development in 2005. Precisely, we analyze the effects of the external technological factors and In house R&D effort variables on innovation performances of Tunisian firms. We, then attempt to explore these relationships and see if they are affected by other moderator variables linked to exportation intensity and foreign capital share. In our estimation, we utilize the binomial logit model. Our preliminary results show that R&D activity is not the only explanatory factor of the innovation. In addition, Tunisian firms with high export ratio as well as firms with significant foreign capital participation are found to be not innovating since they depend primarily on the innovations conducted abroad.
2009-10-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18128/1/MPRA_paper_18128.pdf
El Elj, Moez (2009): R&D and Innovation Empirical Analysis for Tunisian Firms.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18216
2019-10-28T19:09:53Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18311
2019-10-01T05:49:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18311/
Electoral Participation and Communicative Voting in Europe
Sobbrio, Francesco
Navarra, Pietro
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper provides an empirical investigation of electoral participation and communicative voting in 14 European countries. We estimate a multi-level voting process where individuals face a participation decision (whether to vote or abstain) and a voting decision (whether to vote strategically for a likely winner party or as communicating for a sure loser party). Our main findings can be summarized as follows. First, individuals who are either independent or uninformed are less likely to turnout. However, being both independent and uninformed does not have any statistically significant effect on electoral participation. Thus, our results question the empirical relevance of the swing voter's curse theory in large elections. Second, the probability of voting as communicating is positively related with the level of education and the degree of dissatisfaction with the political system. Finally, political preferences and institutional features characterizing the functioning of the political system and of the media market have a significant effect both on electoral participation and on the voting decision.
2009-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18311/1/MPRA_paper_18311.pdf
Sobbrio, Francesco and Navarra, Pietro (2009): Electoral Participation and Communicative Voting in Europe.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18413
2019-10-01T04:45:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18413/
A Poisson Regression Examination of the Relationship between Website Traffic and Search Engine Queries
Tierney, Heather L. R.
Pan, Bing
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
A new area of research involves the use of Google data, which has been normalized and scaled to predict economic activity. In this paper, Poisson regressions are used to explore the relationship between the online traffic to a specific website and the search volumes for certain keyword search queries, along with the rankings of that specific website for those queries. Daily and weekly data are used to discuss the effects that normalization, scaling, and aggregation have on the empirical findings, which are frequency-dependent.
2009-11-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18413/1/MPRA_paper_18413.pdf
Tierney, Heather L. R. and Pan, Bing (2009): A Poisson Regression Examination of the Relationship between Website Traffic and Search Engine Queries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18899
2019-09-27T16:33:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18899/
A Poisson Regression Examination of the Relationship between Website Traffic and Search Engine Queries
Tierney, Heather L. R.
Pan, Bing
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
A new area of research involves the use of Google data, which has been normalized and scaled to predict economic activity. This new source of data holds both many advantages as well as disadvantages, which are discussed through the use of daily and weekly data. Daily and weekly data are employed to show the effect of aggregation as it pertains to Google data, which can lead to contradictory findings. In this paper, Poisson regressions are used to explore the relationship between the online traffic to a specific website and the search volumes for certain keyword search queries, along with the rankings of that specific website for those queries. The purpose of this paper is to point out the benefits and the pitfalls of a potential new source of data that lacks transparency in regards to the original level data, which is due to the normalization and scaling procedure utilized by Google.
2009-11-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18899/1/MPRA_paper_18899.pdf
Tierney, Heather L. R. and Pan, Bing (2009): A Poisson Regression Examination of the Relationship between Website Traffic and Search Engine Queries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19030
2019-09-29T03:50:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19030/
Modelling Unobserved Heterogeneity in Discrete Choice Models of Labour Supply
Pacifico, Daniele
H31 - Household
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of unobserved heterogeneity in structural discrete choice models of labour supply for the evaluation of tax-reforms. Within this framework, unobserved heterogeneity has been estimated either parametrically or nonparametrically through random co- efficient models. Nevertheless, the estimation of such models by means of standard, gradient-based methods is often difficult, in particular if the number of random parameters is high. Given the relative big set of pa- rameters that enter in labour supply models, many researchers have to reduce the role of unobserved heterogeneity by specifying only a small set of random coefficients. However, this simplification affects the estimated labour supply elasticities, which then might hardly change when unob- served heterogeneity is considered in the model. In this paper, we present a new estimation method based on an EM algorithm that allows us to fully consider the effect of unobserved heterogeneity nonparametrically. Results show that labour supply elasticities do change significantly when the full set of coefficients is assumed to be random. Moreover, we analyse the behavioural effects of the introduction of a working-tax credit scheme in the Italian tax-benefit system and show that the magnitude of labour supply reactions and post-reform income distribution do change signifi- cantly when unobserved heterogeneity is fully considered.
2009-11-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19030/2/MPRA_paper_19030.pdf
Pacifico, Daniele (2009): Modelling Unobserved Heterogeneity in Discrete Choice Models of Labour Supply.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19418
2019-09-26T18:10:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19418/
The Decomposition of Inter-Group Differences in a Logit Model: Extending the Oaxaca-Blinder Approach with an Application to School Enrolment in India
Borooah, Vani
Iyer, Sriya
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
C01 - Econometrics
This paper suggests a method of decomposing differences in inter-group probabilities from a logit model
and shows how it can be related to similar decompositions derived from a Oaxaca-Blinder framework. In
so doing, it offers a solution to a problem, embedded within the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, relating
to the appropriate choice of common coefficient vectors with which to evaluate the different attribute
vectors. The decomposition method also shows how pair-wise comparisons of groups might be conducted
in the presence of more than two groups, without discarding the information on groups excluded from the
comparison. The proposed method is applied to inter-group differences in schooling participation in India
and the results are compared with the Oaxaca-Blinder method. The decomposition is applied specifically
to inter-group differences in the enrolment of boys at school in India.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19418/1/MPRA_paper_19418.pdf
Borooah, Vani and Iyer, Sriya (2005): The Decomposition of Inter-Group Differences in a Logit Model: Extending the Oaxaca-Blinder Approach with an Application to School Enrolment in India. Published in: Journal of Economic and Social Measurement , Vol. 30, (2005): pp. 279-293.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19578
2019-09-30T16:46:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19578/
Estimation of a latent class discrete choice panel data model via Maximum Likelihood and EM algorithms in Stata
Pacifico, Daniele
C13 - Estimation: General
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
C01 - Econometrics
This pdf contains a do file that shows how to estimate a latent class discrete choice panel data model in Stata via Maximum Likelihood and an EM algorithm.
2009-11-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19578/1/MPRA_paper_19578.pdf
Pacifico, Daniele (2009): Estimation of a latent class discrete choice panel data model via Maximum Likelihood and EM algorithms in Stata.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19895
2019-09-26T11:36:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19895/
A Poisson Regression Examination of the Relationship between Website Traffic and Search Engine Queries
Tierney, Heather L.R.
Pan, Bing
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
A new area of research involves the use of Google data, which has been normalized and scaled to predict economic activity. This new source of data holds both many advantages as well as disadvantages, which are discussed through the use of daily and weekly data. Daily and weekly data are employed to show the effect of aggregation as it pertains to Google data, which can lead to contradictory findings. In this paper, Poisson regressions are used to explore the relationship between the online traffic to a specific website and the search volumes for certain keyword search queries, along with the rankings of that specific website for those queries. The purpose of this paper is to point out the benefits and the pitfalls of a potential new source of data that lacks transparency in regards to the original level data, which is due to the normalization and scaling procedures utilized by Google.
2009-11-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19895/1/MPRA_paper_19895.pdf
Tierney, Heather L.R. and Pan, Bing (2009): A Poisson Regression Examination of the Relationship between Website Traffic and Search Engine Queries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20049
2019-09-26T22:09:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20049/
Modelling Unobserved Heterogeneity in Discrete Choice Models of Labour Supply
Pacifico, Daniele
H31 - Household
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of unobserved heterogeneity in structural discrete choice models of labour supply for the evaluation of tax-reforms. Within this framework, unobserved heterogeneity has been estimated either parametrically or nonparametrically through random co- efficient models. Nevertheless, the estimation of such models by means of standard, gradient-based methods is often difficult, in particular if the number of random parameters is high. Given the relative big set of pa- rameters that enter in labour supply models, many researchers have to reduce the role of unobserved heterogeneity by specifying only a small set of random coefficients. However, this simplification affects the estimated labour supply elasticities, which then might hardly change when unob- served heterogeneity is considered in the model. In this paper, we present a new estimation method based on an EM algorithm that allows us to fully consider the effect of unobserved heterogeneity nonparametrically. Results show that labour supply elasticities do change significantly when the full set of coefficients is assumed to be random. Moreover, we analyse the behavioural effects of the introduction of a working-tax credit scheme in the Italian tax-benefit system and show that the magnitude of labour supply reactions and post-reform income distribution do change signifi- cantly when unobserved heterogeneity is fully considered.
2009-11-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20049/1/MPRA_paper_20049.pdf
Pacifico, Daniele (2009): Modelling Unobserved Heterogeneity in Discrete Choice Models of Labour Supply.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20260
2019-09-28T04:51:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433933
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20260/
Aplikácia log-lineárnej analýzy v marketingovom výskume
Litavcová, Eva
Butoracová Šindleryová, Ivana
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
C93 - Field Experiments
The aim of the article is to point out the possibility of application of log-linear analysis within the research of hidden relations of data. We use real data gained from the marketing research, which was based on the identification of educational institution communication policy tools in order to define the perception of further education need in relation to the value of education from the point of motivation.
2009-11-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20260/1/MPRA_paper_20260.pdf
Litavcová, Eva and Butoracová Šindleryová, Ivana (2009): Aplikácia log-lineárnej analýzy v marketingovom výskume.
sk
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20268
2019-10-11T04:38:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463138
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20268/
Eco-label Adoption in an Interdependent World
Monteiro, Jose-Antonio
F18 - Trade and Environment
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
C11 - Bayesian Analysis: General
The growing popularity of national efforts to promote eco-labeling raises important questions. In particular, developing countries fear that the eco-label can deliberately impose the environmental concern of (high income) importing countries on their production methods. Yet, empirical studies of the adoption of eco-labelling schemes at the cross-country level are scarce due to the lack of data availability. In this paper, the decision to introduce an eco-label is analyzed through a heteroskedastic Bayesian spatial probit, which allows the government’s decision to introduce an eco-label to be influenced by the behaviour of the neighbouring countries. The estimation is performed by extending the joint updating approach proposed by Holmes & Held (2006) to a spatial framework. Empirical evidence highlights the importance of a high stage of development, innovation experience and potential scale effects in the implementation of an eco-label scheme. In addition, results confirm the existence of a strategic interdependence in the eco-label decision.
2010-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20268/1/MPRA_paper_20268.pdf
Monteiro, Jose-Antonio (2010): Eco-label Adoption in an Interdependent World.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20710
2019-09-29T10:24:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433231
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20710/
Evolution of social inequalities in health in Quebec?
Batana, Yélé Maweki
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I12 - Health Behavior
J60 - General
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper, based on data from the National Population Health Surveys (NPHS) from 1994 to 2007, analyzes the evolution of social inequalities in health in Quebec since the mid-1990s using two health measures namely self-assessed health (SAH) and health utility index (HUI). Two methods are used. The first is based on concentration indices and their decompositions while the second is based on the income-health matrices. The results confirm the existence of persistent health gradients, but with some variations over time. The findings also suggest an increase, on average, in health inequalities during the period with a peak during the years 2002/2003. These variations appear especially stronger for low-income individuals.
2010-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20710/1/MPRA_paper_20710.pdf
Batana, Yélé Maweki (2010): Evolution of social inequalities in health in Quebec?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20741
2019-10-04T06:52:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20741/
On the role of unobserved preference heterogeneity in discrete choice models of labor supply
Pacifico, Daniele
H31 - Household
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of unobserved preference heterogene- ity in structural discrete choice models of labor supply. Within this framework, unobserved heterogeneity has been estimated either parametrically or nonpara- metrically through random coefficient models. Nevertheless, the estimation of such models by means of standard, gradient-based methods is often difficult, in particular if the number of random parameters is high. For this reason, the role of unobserved taste variability in empirical studies is often constrained since only a small set of coefficients is assumed to be random. However, this simplification may affect the estimated labor supply elasticities and the subsequent policy pre- scriptions. In this paper, we propose a new estimation method based on an EM algorithm that allows us to fully consider the effect of unobserved heterogeneity nonparametrically. Results show that labor supply elasticities and policy prescrip- tions do change significantly only when the full set of coefficients is assumed to be random. Moreover, we analyse the behavioural effects of the introduction of a working-tax credit scheme in the Italian tax-benefit system and show that the magnitude of labor supply reactions and the post-reform income distribution can differ significantly depending on the specification of unobserved heterogeneity.
2009-11-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20741/2/MPRA_paper_20741.pdf
Pacifico, Daniele (2009): On the role of unobserved preference heterogeneity in discrete choice models of labor supply.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20765
2019-09-26T19:13:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20765/
Self Help Groups and empowerment of women: Self-selection or actual benefits?
Husain, Zakir
Mukherjee, Diganta
Dutta, Mousumi
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
Evidence on success of SHGs in empowering females is mixed. In particular, researchers argue that such schemes often attract women who are already active in the public domain (referred to as ‘self-selection’), so that those who are most in need of assistance remain excluded. Simultaneously, the fact that a majority of the SHG members are already empowered leads to exaggerated estimates of the effects of the program (called ‘program effects’). This paper attempts to test the significance of the program effect of SHGs by comparing empowerment levels of newly inducted and older members of SHGs. The paper is based on a survey conducted in six municipalities in West Bengal, India.
2010-02-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20765/1/MPRA_paper_20765.pdf
Husain, Zakir and Mukherjee, Diganta and Dutta, Mousumi (2010): Self Help Groups and empowerment of women: Self-selection or actual benefits?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20923
2019-09-29T07:59:20Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3836
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20923/
A Discrete Choice Model for Web Site Work Results
Pavlyuk, Dmitry
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
L86 - Information and Internet Services ; Computer Software
Currently a corporate web site is not considered as a necessary business attribute, but as a marketing tool which should yield results. In this study we consider a web site as an instrument for attraction of new partners (customers, suppliers). Web site outputs are a number of visitors interested in contact information (reached the contact info page) and a number of visitors who sent a request via a special form on the web site.
We build a sequential discrete choice model for web site outputs. Explanatory variables set includes a number of visited pages, seconds spent on the web site, and dummy variables for specific pages visited (a page with prices information, a portfolio page). Also we investigate an influence of search engines (Google, Yahoo, MSN), which refer a visitor to a corporate web site and keywords used for pay-per-click advertising campaigns.
We estimate model parameters on the base of a small UK-based web development company's web site statistical data and discover strong dependencies, which allow improving web site organisation and its search engine positioning.
2008-08-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20923/1/MPRA_paper_20923.pdf
Pavlyuk, Dmitry (2008): A Discrete Choice Model for Web Site Work Results. Published in: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference Reliability and Statistics in Transportation and Communication (October 2008): pp. 237-240.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21164
2019-09-28T21:54:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493238
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483532
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483434
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21164/
Spanish publicly-subsidised private schools and equality of school choice
Mancebón-Torrubia, María Jesús
Ximénez-de-Embún, Domingo Pérez
I21 - Analysis of Education
I28 - Government Policy
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
This study analyses the system of Spanish publicly-subsidised private schools from the perspective of its contribution to the equalisation of opportunities in school choice. The theoretical framework is based on the contributions of researchers into school choice policies, while the empirical application uses a 2005 questionnaire answered by the final-year secondary school students of the Spanish region of Aragon. We conclude that the system of Spanish publicly-subsidised private schools has not entirely facilitated the integration of students from different socioeconomic strata. A probit model is estimated in the last section in order to discover which factors determine the choice of a publicly-subsidised private school. It is found that the higher the socioeconomic status, the higher the probability of choosing such schools, suggesting that the segregation found in this paper may be caused partly by the choice patterns of Spanish families.
2009-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21164/1/MPRA_paper_21164.pdf
Mancebón-Torrubia, María Jesús and Ximénez-de-Embún, Domingo Pérez (2009): Spanish publicly-subsidised private schools and equality of school choice.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21312
2019-09-29T06:20:39Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21312/
The influence of prices on market participation decisions of indigenous poultry farmers in four districts of Eastern Province, Kenya
Mailu, Stephen
Wachira, Ann
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
Over 70% of the domesticated birds in Kenya are indigenous chicken (IC) providing meat and table eggs. They are frequently raised through the free range, backyard production system. Small flock sizes are characteristic of this production system and often, sales are mainly at the farmgate. Although IC production possesses enormous potential at livelihood improvement, marketing systems are undefined and variable. The influence of prices on market engagement has frequently been assumed. A study of 68 farmers conducted in Machakos, Kibwezi, Nzaui and Mwala District in 2008 revealed that 70% of all IC sales were conducted at the farmgate while only 19% of the sales were at the local market. This study also investigates the probability of market participation by employing a binary logistic regression model. The results suggests that while farmers complain of poor farm gate prices for indigenous chicken offered by middlemen, low volumes are an important drawback to market participation.
2009-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21312/1/MPRA_paper_21312.pdf
Mailu, Stephen and Wachira, Ann (2009): The influence of prices on market participation decisions of indigenous poultry farmers in four districts of Eastern Province, Kenya. Forthcoming in: Journal of Agriculture and Social Research
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21458
2019-10-07T15:26:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21458/
Modeling Violence against Women in India: Theories and Problems
Das, Rituparna
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper examined the following issues:
1. Is ‘violence against women’ a variable? What kind of variable is it?
2. Is it theoretically plausible to model ‘violence against women’?
3. If it is theoretically plausible to model ‘violence against women’, then is it feasible to estimate such a model and perform simulation exercises?
Following are findings:
1. The decision to perpetrate ‘violence against women’ is a binary variable, which takes value unity (1) when the decision is ‘yes’ and zero (0) when the decision is ‘no’.
2. It is theoretically plausible to construct the models of estimating and forecasting the probability of occurrence of ‘violence against women’ facing a typical woman in a particular society on the basis of necessary information.
3. It is not feasible in practice to apply above models for the purposes of policy-formulation and policy-simulation in India because of absence of compilation or systematic compilation of the data on ‘violence against women’ and the variables determining ‘violence against women’.
2010-03-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21458/1/MPRA_paper_21458.pdf
Das, Rituparna (2010): Modeling Violence against Women in India: Theories and Problems.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21694
2019-09-27T09:54:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21694/
Income-related health disparity and its determinants in New York state: racial/ethnic and geographical comparisons
Lahiri, Kajal
Pulungan, Zulkarnain
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I12 - Health Behavior
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
Using self-assessed health status together with several indicators of individual morbidity and socio-demographic characteristics, we study the quality of health and income related health disparity in five racial/ethnic groups as well as across 17 geographic areas of New York State. The American Indian/Alaskan Natives and Hispanics are found to do the worst, whereas, geographically, the North Country in Upstate New York and Bronx County in Downstate score the worst on both counts. Three major contributing factors to
income related health disparity are found to be household income, employment status, and education. However, the contribution of each of these determinants varies significantly among racial/ethnic groups as well as across geographic areas, suggesting targeted public policy initiatives to eliminate health disparity between rich and poor.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21694/1/MPRA_paper_21694.pdf
Lahiri, Kajal and Pulungan, Zulkarnain (2007): Income-related health disparity and its determinants in New York state: racial/ethnic and geographical comparisons.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21829
2019-09-28T04:52:09Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21829/
Income-related health disparity and its determinants in New York state: racial/ethnic and geographical comparisons
Lahiri, Kajal
Pulungan, Zulkarnain
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I12 - Health Behavior
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
Using self-assessed health status together with several indicators of individual morbidity and socio-demographic characteristics, we study the quality of health and income related health disparity in five racial/ethnic groups as well as across 17 geographic areas of New York State. The American Indian/Alaskan Natives and Hispanics are found to do the worst, whereas, geographically, the North Country in Upstate New York and Bronx County in Downstate score the worst on both counts. Three major contributing factors to
income related health disparity are found to be household income, employment status, and education. However, the contribution of each of these determinants varies significantly among racial/ethnic groups as well as across geographic areas, suggesting targeted public policy initiatives to eliminate health disparity between rich and poor.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21829/1/MPRA_paper_21829.pdf
Lahiri, Kajal and Pulungan, Zulkarnain (2007): Income-related health disparity and its determinants in New York state: racial/ethnic and geographical comparisons. Published in: Toward Equity in Health: A New Global Approach to Inequities in Health (2007): pp. 97-127.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22824
2019-09-28T05:39:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433933
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22824/
How effective is a Big Push to the Small? Evidence from a Quasi-random Experiment
Mallick, Debdulal
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
C93 - Field Experiments
This paper, using data from a quasi-random control experiment on BRAC’s “Targeting the Ultra Poor” program in Bangladesh, investigates whether a one-off large grant to the extreme poor enables them to participate in the regular microfinance program that typically excludes them. The extreme poor were provided income-generating assets and continued support over 18 months that included, among others, enterprise management assistance, subsistence allowance, and support for building social network. Some eligible extreme poor who did not receive assets for reasons unrelated to the ones that can lead to self-selection bias are treated as the control group.
The results for 2002 baseline and 2005 repeat survey data show that such a big push has indeed significant impact on graduation to the regular microfinance program. Social capital has significant effect on borrowing decision, and awareness of social and legal issues has significant effect on both NGO membership and borrowing decision.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22824/1/MPRA_paper_22824.pdf
Mallick, Debdulal (2009): How effective is a Big Push to the Small? Evidence from a Quasi-random Experiment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22878
2019-09-27T02:31:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433331
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22878/
Volunteers and conditions under which crowd-out effect could appear. An empirical evidence of psychological self-determination theory
Fiorillo, Damiano
C13 - Estimation: General
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
C31 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions ; Social Interaction Models
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
The paper analyses if monetary rewards to continuative Italian volunteers decrease their intrinsic motivation undermining the satisfaction of psychological needs for autonomy and competence. It uses a Survey on Employment in the Social Care and Educational Services conducted by FIVOL-FEO in 1998. The paper shows that monetary rewards increase the satisfaction of psychological needs for autonomy and competence, but the satisfaction of psychological needs for autonomy and competence does not mediate between monetary rewards and intrinsic motivation.
2010-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22878/1/MPRA_paper_22878.pdf
Fiorillo, Damiano (2010): Volunteers and conditions under which crowd-out effect could appear. An empirical evidence of psychological self-determination theory.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23203
2019-09-26T11:24:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433837
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23203/
Estimating ordered categorical variables using panel data: a generalized ordered probit model with an autofit procedure
Pfarr, Christian
Schmid, Andreas
Schneider, Udo
C87 - Econometric Software
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
I10 - General
Estimation procedures for ordered categories usually assume that the estimated coefficients of independent variables do not vary between the categories (parallel-lines assumption). This view neglects possible heterogeneous effects of some explaining factors. This paper describes the use of an autofit option for identifying variables that meet the parallel-lines assumption when estimating a random effects generalized ordered probit model. We combine the test procedure developed by Richard Williams (gologit2) with the random effects estimation command regoprob by Stefan Boes.
2010-06-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23203/1/MPRA_paper_23203.pdf
Pfarr, Christian and Schmid, Andreas and Schneider, Udo (2010): Estimating ordered categorical variables using panel data: a generalized ordered probit model with an autofit procedure.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23427
2019-09-27T06:50:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513531
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23427/
Modelling heterogeneity in response behaviour towards a sequence of discrete choice questions: a latent class approach
McNair, Ben J.
Hensher, David A.
Bennett, Jeff
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
There is a growing body of evidence in the non-market valuation literature suggesting that responses to a sequence of discrete choice questions tend to violate the assumptions typically made by analysts regarding independence of responses and stability of preferences. Heuristics such as value learning and strategic misrepresentation have been offered as explanations for these results. While a few studies have tested these heuristics as competing hypotheses, none have investigated the possibility that each explains the response behaviour of a subgroup of the population. In this paper, we make a contribution towards addressing this research gap by presenting an equality-constrained latent class model designed to estimate the proportion of respondents employing each of the proposed heuristics. We demonstrate the model on binary and multinomial choice data sources and find three distinct types of response behaviour. The results suggest that accounting for heterogeneity in response behaviour may be a better way forward than attempting to identify a single heuristic to explain the behaviour of all respondents.
2010-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23427/1/MPRA_paper_23427.pdf
McNair, Ben J. and Hensher, David A. and Bennett, Jeff (2010): Modelling heterogeneity in response behaviour towards a sequence of discrete choice questions: a latent class approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24181
2019-09-29T06:35:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433837
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24181/
Estimating ordered categorical variables using panel data: a generalized ordered probit model with an autofit procedure
Pfarr, Christian
Schmid, Andreas
Schneider, Udo
C87 - Econometric Software
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
I10 - General
Estimation procedures for ordered categories usually assume that the estimated coefficients of independent variables do not vary between the categories (parallel-lines assumption). This view neglects possible heterogeneous effects of some explaining factors. This paper describes the use of an autofit option for identifying variables that meet the parallel-lines assumption when estimating a random effects generalized ordered probit model. We combine the test procedure developed by Richard Williams (gologit2) with the random effects estimation command regoprob by Stefan Boes.
2010-06-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24181/1/MPRA_paper_24181.pdf
Pfarr, Christian and Schmid, Andreas and Schneider, Udo (2010): Estimating ordered categorical variables using panel data: a generalized ordered probit model with an autofit procedure.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24487
2019-10-11T07:14:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473134
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24487/
Informed and uninformed traders at work: evidence from the French market
Ferriani, Fabrizio
G14 - Information and Market Efficiency ; Event Studies ; Insider Trading
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
The impact that informed and uninformed agents have on market prices is crucial for informational issues in financial markets. Informed trades are associated with institutional operators while uninformed trades are executed on behalf of retail investors. Using high-frequency data from Euronext Paris, I estimate a model where I take into account traders' identities at transaction level. The results show that when the identities of the traders are different on the two sides of the market, stock prices follow the direction indicated by institutional agents. This means that when the buyer is an informed operator and the seller is a retail one, the former transmits a positive pressure to the market. Conversely, when the seller is an institutional agent and the buyer is an uninformed one market prices depress. There is no significant effect when the agent types are the same on both market sides.
Since traders' identities are concealed in Euronext Paris, the last part of the paper discusses the informational content implicitly provided by observed market variables. Institutional trading is found to increase throughout the day, whereas no evidence of informed trading is found during specific time periods of the continuous auction, except for the first thirty minutes of the day where there are more uninformed trades. Institutional trading is more common during periods of low price changes and high frequency of transactions. Price variations show that informed agents are usually able to trade at better price conditions. Finally, the tick-test algorithm strongly confirms that informed traders always act as initiators of market transactions.
2010-08-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24487/1/MPRA_paper_24487.pdf
Ferriani, Fabrizio (2010): Informed and uninformed traders at work: evidence from the French market.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24602
2019-09-27T05:52:32Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513236
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513531
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24602/
What price recreation in Finland? – A contingent valuation study of non-market benefits of public outdoor recreation areas
Huhtala, Anni
Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
Basic services in Finnish national parks and state-owned recreation areas have traditionally been publicly financed and thus free of charge for users. Since the benefits of public recreation are not captured by market demand, government spending on recreation services must be motivated in some other way. Here, we elicit people’s willingness to pay (WTP) for services in the country’s state-owned parks to obtain an estimate of the value of outdoor recreation in monetary terms. A variant of the Tobit model is used in the econometric analysis to examine the WTP responses elicited by a payment card format. We also study who the current users of recreation services are in order to enable policymakers to anticipate the redistribution effects of a potential implementation of user fees. Finally, we discuss the motives for WTP, which reveal concerns such as equity and ability to pay that are relevant for planning public recreation in general and for the introduction of fees in particular.
2004-01-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24602/1/MPRA_paper_24602.pdf
Huhtala, Anni (2004): What price recreation in Finland? – A contingent valuation study of non-market benefits of public outdoor recreation areas. Published in: Journal of Leisure Research , Vol. 36, No. 1 (2004): pp. 23-44.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24656
2019-09-28T06:47:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433435
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24656/
Neuro-Fuzzy approach for the predictions of economic crisis
Giovanis, Eleftherios
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
In this paper we present the neuro-fuzzy technology for the prediction of economic crisis of USA economy. Our findings support ANFIS models to traditional discrete choice models of Probit and Logit, indicating that the last models are not very useful for forecasting purposes. We have developed a MATLAB routine to show how ANFIS procedure works and it is provided for replications, further research applications and experiments, for modifications, expansions and improvements. We propose the use of both models, because with discrete choice models we can examine and investigate the effects of the inputs or the independent variables, while we can simultaneously use ANFIS for forecasting purposes. The wise option and the most appropriate scientific action is to combine both models and not taking only one of them.
2008-08-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24656/1/MPRA_paper_24656.pdf
Giovanis, Eleftherios (2008): Neuro-Fuzzy approach for the predictions of economic crisis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24659
2019-10-03T04:58:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433435
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24659/
A Neuro-Fuzzy Approach in the Prediction of Financial Stability and Distress Periods
Giovanis, eleftheios
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
The purpose of this paper is to present a neuro-fuzzy approach of financial distress pre-warning model appropriate for risk supervisors, investors and policy makers. We examine a sample of the financial institutions and electronic companies of Taiwan Security Exchange (TSE) from 2002 through 2008. We present an adaptive neuro-fuzzy system with triangle and Gaussian membership functions. We conclude that neuro-fuzzy model presents almost perfect forecasts for financial distress periods as also very high forecasting performance for financial stability periods, indicating that ANFIS technology is more appropriate for financial credit risk control and management and for the forecasting of bankruptcy and distress periods. On the other hand we propose the use of both models, because with Logit and generally with discrete choice models we can examine and investigate the effects of the inputs or the independent variables, while we can simultaneously use ANFIS for forecasting purposes. The wise and the most scientific option are to combine both models and not taking only one of them
2008-08-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24659/1/MPRA_paper_24659.pdf
Giovanis, eleftheios (2008): A Neuro-Fuzzy Approach in the Prediction of Financial Stability and Distress Periods.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25264
2019-09-27T13:16:27Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513531
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25264/
Using Count Data Models in Travel Cost Analysis with Aggregate Data
Hellerstein, Daniel
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
In order to control for censoring and the integer nature of trip demand, the use of count ata models in travel cost analysis is attractive. Two such models, the Poisson and
negative binomial, are discussed. Robust estimation techniques that loosen potentially stringent distributional assumptions are also reviewed. For illustrative purposes, several ount data models are used to estimate a county-level travel cost model using permit ata from the Boundary Waters Canoe Area.
1991
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25264/1/MPRA_paper_25264.pdf
Hellerstein, Daniel (1991): Using Count Data Models in Travel Cost Analysis with Aggregate Data. Published in: American Journal of Agricultural Economics , Vol. 3, No. 73 (August 1991): pp. 860-866.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25265
2019-09-26T15:54:04Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513531
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25265/
A Theoretical Foundation for Count Data Models
Hellerstein, Daniel
Mendelsohn, Robert
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
The paper develops a theoretical foundation for using count data models in travel cost analysis. Two micro models are developed: a restricted choice model and a repeated
discrete choice model. We show that both models lead to identical welfare measures.
1993
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25265/1/MPRA_paper_25265.pdf
Hellerstein, Daniel and Mendelsohn, Robert (1993): A Theoretical Foundation for Count Data Models. Published in: American Journal of Agricultural Economics , Vol. 3, No. 75 (August 1993): pp. 604-611.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25427
2019-10-06T03:34:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433231
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25427/
Jumpy or Kinky? Regression Discontinuity without the Discontinuity
Dong, Yingying
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
Regression Discontinuity (RD) models identify local treatment effects by associating a discrete change in an outcome with a corresponding discrete change in the probability of treatment at a known threshold of a running variable. This paper shows that it is possible to identify RD model treatment effects without a discontinuity. The intuition is that identification can come from a slope change (a kink) instead of a discrete level change (a jump) in the treatment probability. Formally this can be shown using L'hopital's rule. I also interpret the identification results intuitively using instrumental variable models. Estimators are proposed that can be applied in the presence or absence of a discontinuity, by exploiting either a jump or a kink.
2010-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25427/1/MPRA_paper_25427.pdf
Dong, Yingying (2010): Jumpy or Kinky? Regression Discontinuity without the Discontinuity.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25461
2019-09-28T17:10:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433231
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25461/
Jumpy or Kinky? Regression Discontinuity without the Discontinuity
Dong, Yingying
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
Regression Discontinuity (RD) models identify local treatment effects by associating a discrete change in the mean outcome with a corresponding discrete change in the probability of treatment at a known threshold of a running variable. This paper shows that it is possible to identify RD model treatment effects without a discontinuity. The intuition is that identification can come from a slope change (a kink) instead of a discrete level change (a jump) in the treatment probability. Formally this can be shown using L'hopital's rule. The identification results are interpreted intuitively using instrumental variable models. Estimators are proposed that can be applied in the presence or absence of a discontinuity, by exploiting either a jump or a kink.
2010-08-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25461/1/MPRA_paper_25461.pdf
Dong, Yingying (2010): Jumpy or Kinky? Regression Discontinuity without the Discontinuity.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25676
2019-10-04T07:46:39Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25676/
What Enhances Mathematical Ability? A Cross-Country Analysis Based on Test Scores of 15-year Olds
Bailey, Mark F
Borooah, Vani
I21 - Analysis of Education
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper examines the mathematical abilities of 15-year olds in a range of countries which participated in the 2003 cycle of the OCED’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Utilising information on the scores obtained by individual students in the mathematical part of the PISA assessment, we use a range of indicators from the literature on inequality and poverty to evaluate the “mathematical performance” of participating countries. Since data from PISA contained a wealth of information on the circumstances of the students, in terms of their home and school environment, we identify, and examine the relative influence of, factors which serve to enhance the mathematical performance of students in the PISA assessment.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25676/1/MPRA_paper_25676.pdf
Bailey, Mark F and Borooah, Vani (2010): What Enhances Mathematical Ability? A Cross-Country Analysis Based on Test Scores of 15-year Olds. Published in: Applied Economics , Vol. 42, No. 29 (30 July 2008): pp. 3723-3733.
en
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