2024-03-29T10:12:18Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:666
2019-09-27T16:49:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433434
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513531
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433436
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433339
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513535
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/666/
Causal Relationship Between Indicators of Human Health, the Environment and Socioeconomic Variables for the OECD Countries
Mariam, Yohannes
C44 - Operations Research ; Statistical Decision Theory
Q48 - Government Policy
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q5 - Environmental Economics
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
C46 - Specific Distributions ; Specific Statistics
C39 - Other
Q55 - Technological Innovation
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
There has been a lot of debate regarding the impact of emissions of pollutants on human health and the environment. Epidemiological studies tend to show the impact of increased ambient concentrations of pollutants on increased hospital admissions, mortality, morbidity, respiratory problems, etc. Without controlled experiments that compare people who are exposed to contaminants to those who are not, it is impossible to predict the causes and effects with certainty. Nevertheless, estimates of human and environmental health benefits from improved air quality indicate that there are associations between ambient concentrations of contaminants, human health and environmental impacts.
The present study examines the linkages between human health, environmental quality, and emission of pollutants and selected socioeconomic variables for selected OECD regions. Path or causal models will be constructed using health, socioeconomic and environmental parameters to determine the direction of causal relationships, their magnitude and possible implication for public policy making. This analysis will be performed for the OECD countries, and selected regions of the OECD (North America, the Pacific Rim, and Europe). Comparative analysis of the relationships between human health, socioeconomic and environmental variables among the OECD countries will indicate, among other things, i) whether or not environmental quality is an important determinant of human health, ii) whether or not spending on health care system is significantly influenced by indicators of health status that are included by environmental variables, and iii) which socioeconomic variables are significantly associated with indicators of human and the environment health.
1999-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/666/1/MPRA_paper_666.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes (1999): Causal Relationship Between Indicators of Human Health, the Environment and Socioeconomic Variables for the OECD Countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5095
2019-09-28T06:53:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433838
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433635
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433339
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5095/
Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Oklahoma
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
C88 - Other Computer Software
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
H56 - National Security and War
C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
C39 - Other
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder of Florida State (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincide with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder shows that terrorist attacks against the U.S. have affected Oklahoma, creating estimated turning point dates marked by the most tragic terrorist attacks to the nation, and the State: the World Trade Center bombing in 1993, 9/11 2001, and the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building bombing This paper belongs to the series of papers helping the U.S, and Homeland Security identify the closeness of terrorist attacks, and constructs the attacks index for Oklahoma. Other indices constructed include the Index for the U.S., New York State, New York City, Arizona, Massachusetts, California, Washington, Ohio, Philadelphia City, Arkansas, Missouri, Florida, and Michigan. These indices must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.
2007-02-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5095/1/MPRA_paper_5095.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Oklahoma.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7164
2019-09-26T08:20:07Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433339
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7164/
The Substitutability of Labor between Immigrants and Natives in the Canadian Labor Market: Circa 1995
Asadul, Islam
C39 - Other
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
This paper examines the substitutability or complementarity between Canadian-born and immigrant workers. These are examined by estimating a set of wage equations using a Generalized Leontief Production Function. The paper finds that, in general, there is no displacement of Canadian-born workers by immigrants. Recent immigrants affect the native-born positively, while older immigrants are neither substitute nor complement for natives. However, the effects differ across industries. Overall the evidence that immigrants harm the opportunities of native-born workers is scant.
2008-02-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7164/1/MPRA_paper_7164.pdf
Asadul, Islam (2008): The Substitutability of Labor between Immigrants and Natives in the Canadian Labor Market: Circa 1995. Forthcoming in: Journal of Population Economics
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8504
2019-09-26T17:27:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433339
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453236
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8504/
Modeling the Informal Economy in Mexico. A Structural Equation Approach
Brambila Macias, Jose
C39 - Other
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
E26 - Informal Economy ; Underground Economy
This paper uses annual data for the period 1970-2006 in order to estimate and investigate the evolution of the Mexican informal economy. In order to do so, we model the informal economy as a latent variable and try to explain it through relationships between possible cause and indicator variables using structural equation modeling (SEM). Our results indicate that the Mexican informal sector at the beginning of the 1970’s initially accounted for 40 percent of GDP while slightly decreasing to stabilize around 30percent of GDP in the late 1980’s until our days. The model uses tax burden, salary levels, inflation, unemployment and excessive regulation as potential incentives or deterrents for the informal economy. The results confirm in particular the importance of salaries and excessive regulation as causes of the informal economy in Mexico and confirm a positive relation between informality and GDP.
2008-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8504/1/MPRA_paper_8504.pdf
Brambila Macias, Jose (2008): Modeling the Informal Economy in Mexico. A Structural Equation Approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25076
2019-09-28T04:47:44Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433339
7375626A656374733D45:4530:453031
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25076/
Interrelations between development factors and tourism factors. A quantitative point of view
Bob, Constantin
Grigorescu, Adriana
C39 - Other
E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth ; Environmental Accounts
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
The tourism development analysis is of maximum importance in the context of increasing the integration level of the Romania’s economy into of the European one. Various methods are used by specialists for evaluating and disseminating data on the evolution, in order to provide information to policy makers. The regional structure of Romania’s tourism is one of the basic elements for designing its economic prelaunch and development strategies, integration into the European economy and of course for establishing tourism policies. In the selection of the better way for the analysis an important place, has the multiple factor analysis that focused on disseminate the correlations between the specific tourism indicators and the indicators of economic growth. Consequences, the tourism policies could be seen as an instrument for providing the structure stability and as a way of harmonizing the European and national commercial interests through the use of promotion and protection measures.
Regional structural are utilized like criteria for the utilization of multiple factor analysis or canonical analysis. We are proposing hereby such a unified method. Our proposed model defines of structure of the tourism regions, the stability degree and the intensity of the measures to be used for restructuring the tourism offer structure (existing and estimated). The case study was made on Romania’s tourism statistics. The modification of the tourism structure can be done only through several promotion and protection measures strong enough to facilitate the new trends.
2009-04-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25076/1/MPRA_paper_25076.pdf
Bob, Constantin and Grigorescu, Adriana (2009): Interrelations between development factors and tourism factors. A quantitative point of view. Published in: Conference proceeding ISBN 978-88-96116-20-3 (2009)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29722
2019-09-26T13:39:23Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443033
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433339
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473131
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433933
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29722/
Determinants of Individual Investor Behaviour: An Orthogonal Linear Transformation Approach
Chandra, Abhijeet
Kumar, Ravinder
D03 - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles
C39 - Other
G11 - Portfolio Choice ; Investment Decisions
C93 - Field Experiments
Expected utility theory views the individual investment decision as a tradeoff between immediate consumption and deferred consumption. But individuals do not always prefer according to the classical theory of economics. Recent studies on individual investor behavior have shown that they do not act in a rational manner, rather several factors influences their investment decisions in stock market. The present study considers this theory of irrationality of individual investors and investigates into their behaviour relating to investment decisions. We examine whether some psychological and contextual factors affect individual investor behaviour and if yes which factors influences most. Extrapolating from previous literature on economics, finance and psychology, we surveyed individual investors to find what and to what extent affects their investment behaviour. Our conceptual analysis, empirical findings and the perspective framework that we have developed in the present study, provide five major factors that can influence individual investor behaviour in Indian stock market. The findings can be useful in profiling individual investors and designing appropriate investment strategies according to their personal characteristics, thereby enabling them optimum return on their investments.
2011-01-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29722/1/MPRA_paper_29722.pdf
Chandra, Abhijeet and Kumar, Ravinder (2011): Determinants of Individual Investor Behaviour: An Orthogonal Linear Transformation Approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35898
2019-09-27T01:51:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513233
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433339
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433530
7375626A656374733D49:4930
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35898/
The Role of Human Development on Deforestation in Africa: A Modelling-Based Approach
Brian A., Jingwa
Simplice A., Asongu
Q23 - Forestry
C39 - Other
C50 - General
I0 - General
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
C33 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
The rate of deforestation in Africa is of paramount concern not only to the future of Africa, but also to the world. This study uses country-level data to model changes in forest area over an 18 year period (1990-2007) in 35 African countries and investigates the role played by important development indicators of human development. The results reveal that the net loss of forests was 0.19% every year between 1990 and 2007. This implies a total of 3.42% of forest was lost in the 18 year period. This is more in line with estimates obtained by the Food and Agricultural Organization (0.56% between1990-2000 and 0.49% between 2000-2010). Human development which involves life expectancy, education and income is found to have a positive effect on forest growth and conservation, while cutting down trees for wood fuel is a significant cause of deforestation. Using generalized linear mixed models and generalised estimating equations, we were able to calculate expected estimates of forest area for 2010, 2020 and 2030 under the assumption that nothing is done to change observed trends. In many countries, progress has been made in reforestation, forest protection and conservation. However, if indiscriminate cutting down of trees is not checked, many countries will lose most or all of their forests by 2030.
2012-01-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35898/1/MPRA_paper_35898.pdf
Brian A., Jingwa and Simplice A., Asongu (2012): The Role of Human Development on Deforestation in Africa: A Modelling-Based Approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:46043
2019-09-26T20:53:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433339
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3632
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46043/
Análisis de elasticidades en el mercado automotor colombiano (2009 - 2011) mediante un modelo logit anidado
Sánchez Navarro, Dennis
C39 - Other
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
L62 - Automobiles ; Other Transportation Equipment ; Related Parts and Equipment
El presente documento busca analizar el comportamiento de los hogares colombianos en la compra de vehículo nuevo para uso particular, y modelar el funcionamiento de la demanda de vehículos particulares en Colombia, entre 2009 y 2011. Esto a partir de la estimación de un modelo logit anidado que permite tomar como variables explicativas las características o atributos de los vehículos como determinantes de la decisión de compra de vehículo. Finalmente, se estiman las elasticidades con el fin de analizar el grado de sustituibilidad o contestabilidad del mercado automotor en Colombia.
This paper analyzes the behavior of Colombian households in purchasing a new vehicle for private use, and model the performance of the demand for private vehicles in Colombia, between 2009 and 2011. This paper estimates a Nested Logit model that takes the characteristics or attributes of vehicles as explicative variables as determinants of the vehicle purchase decision. Finally, the elasticities are estimated in order to analyze the substitutability or contestability automotive market in Colombia.
2013-02-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46043/1/MPRA_paper_46043.pdf
Sánchez Navarro, Dennis (2013): Análisis de elasticidades en el mercado automotor colombiano (2009 - 2011) mediante un modelo logit anidado.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49170
2019-10-03T04:44:10Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4330
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433030
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7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433630
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433638
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433639
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443030
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443031
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443130
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443230
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
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7375626A656374733D44:4435:443538
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7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
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7375626A656374733D45:4533:453330
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453337
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463231
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463630
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463632
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463633
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463636
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49170/
European Union Economy System Dynamic Model Development
Skribans, Valerijs
C0 - General
C00 - General
C02 - Mathematical Methods
C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
C30 - General
C38 - Classification Methods ; Cluster Analysis ; Principal Components ; Factor Models
C39 - Other
C40 - General
C49 - Other
C50 - General
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
C60 - General
C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
C69 - Other
D00 - General
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
D10 - General
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D20 - General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
D50 - General
D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy
E20 - General
E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth
E22 - Investment ; Capital ; Intangible Capital ; Capacity
E23 - Production
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E30 - General
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
E37 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
F22 - International Migration
F60 - General
F62 - Macroeconomic Impacts
F63 - Economic Development
F66 - Labor
J00 - General
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
J20 - General
J30 - General
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
The formation of the European Union (EU) is the one of the biggest political – economic events of the last 50 years. The aim of this study is to develop EU economy functioning system dynamic model. Main research method is system dynamics. General scheme of EU economy system dynamic model is shown. Implementing the model in practice, new EU member economic integration model in EU is developed. Model is tested only for one EU country, Latvia. Results of the paper show failure of the mechanism of EU operations. The available mechanism contradicts EU principles; it doesn't promote the cohesion in European Union, but quite opposite - leads to solving problems of well-developed EU countries at the expense of developing countries. In the given conditions the example of Latvia shows that there is no possibility to overcome the system crisis. These circumstances specify necessity of changes in EU internal migratory policy, changes in principles of developing countries’ support in EU, and changes in distribution of EU means, taking into account internal migration.
2012
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49170/1/MPRA_paper_49170.pdf
Skribans, Valerijs (2012): European Union Economy System Dynamic Model Development. Published in: Proceedings of the 30th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society (2012): pp. 3687-3697.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:82891
2019-09-26T12:15:02Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433339
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473138
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473238
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82891/
A new method of measuring stock market manipulation through structural equation modeling (SEM)
Maxim, Maruf Rahman
Ashif, Abu Sadat Muhammad
C39 - Other
G18 - Government Policy and Regulation
G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
This paper proposes a new model of measuring a latent variable, stock market manipulation. The model bears close resemblance with the literature on economic well-being. It interprets the manipulation of a stock as a latent variable, in the form of a multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) model. This approach exploits systematic relations between various indicators of manipulation and between manipulation and multiple causes, which allows it to identify the determinants of manipulation and an index of manipulation simultaneously. The main reason of stock market manipulation comes from the fact that information availability is not universally equal. The manipulation is thus critically linked to the creation, arrival and dissemination of information or rumors/mis-information. Thus, the immediate impact of manipulation is on the time profile of returns, or excess returns, from an asset and the excess volatility of returns in excess of the volatility explained by the fundamentals. In this basic setup, the model used these two variables as the indicators of stock market manipulation. The main intuition of the MIMIC approach is that some variables, or statistics, related to peace are indicators of manipulation, while others signify effects or outputs of causal factors, or inputs, of manipulation. In other words, distinction can be made between causes of manipulation and indicators of manipulation. The causal factors used in this model are classified into five different domains namely pure economic factors as determinants of manipulation, labor market conditions, international factors, quality of governance factors and systematic risk factors.
2017-10-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82891/8/MPRA_paper_82891.pdf
Maxim, Maruf Rahman and Ashif, Abu Sadat Muhammad (2017): A new method of measuring stock market manipulation through structural equation modeling (SEM). Published in: Investment Management and Financial Innovations , Vol. 14, No. 3 (10 October 2017): pp. 54-61.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:87630
2019-09-28T06:27:21Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433339
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/87630/
Uluslararası Ticarette Satın Alma Gücü Paritesinin Geçerliliği Sorunu: Türkiye için Zaman Serisi Analizi
Bilgin, Cevat
C39 - Other
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
Hypothesis of purchasing power parity basically depends on the presumption of
unique price in international trade. The price of a good is the same all over the
world when it is converted to a common currency. In other words, one unit of
national currency has the same purchasing power everywhere in the world. The
other form of purchasing power parity (PPP) does not depend on the assumption of
unique price, instead it is based on the argument that exchange rates changes by
the amount of differences in inflations of the involved countries. In this article, the
validities of these two forms of PPP for Turkey have been evaluated by imposing
time series applications on the quarterly data for the period of 1986Q1-2017Q4. For
the sake of 2001 economic crisis, the sample period has been divided into two
subperiods; 1986Q1-2001Q3 and 2001Q4-2017Q4. The unit root and cointegration
tests have been applied to both of the subperiods. The statistical evidence
supporting the absolute form of PPP could not have been gained. On the other hand,
for both of the subperiods, the validity of relative version of PPP has been approved
by the application results.
2018-04-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/87630/2/MPRA_paper_87630.pdf
Bilgin, Cevat (2018): Uluslararası Ticarette Satın Alma Gücü Paritesinin Geçerliliği Sorunu: Türkiye için Zaman Serisi Analizi. Published in: Academic Review of Humanities and Social Sciences , Vol. 1, No. 1 (4 April 0001)
tr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:99388
2020-04-03T16:03:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433339
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/99388/
Household Health Expenditure in Greece and the Impact of Financial Crisis
Zikidou, Stavroula
Hadjidema, Stamatina
C39 - Other
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
I12 - Health Behavior
The aim of this paper is to investigate, through economic science tools, the impact of economic downturn and Memorandum health policies, under the hypothesis that Household Health Expenditure (HHE) was increased. Apart from that, a secondary objective is to interpret the Greeks behavior of consumption towards health services over time. In this context, by using multiple regression analysis on the raw micro-data of Greek Household Budget Surveys of 1987, 1994, 1999, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, in the STATA vs 13, we examined the differentiation to the level of private health spending, as regards households sociological characteristics and to what extent private spending could be foreseen/ affected by some characteristics of the population, as well as by financial crisis.
Analysis demonstrated that households over time had less income and thus, because of the inelasticity of demand for Health, they spent greater proportion of their income for health. The results, also, showed a rise in the proportion of spending on drugs, therapeutic devices, equipment and hospital care and reduction on medical services expenditure. Regarding the determinants of demand, i.e. the socio-economic characteristics, we examined the age of the household in charge, the place of residence and the household type/ synthesis. The findings showed that households in urban areas spend more money on health compared to households in rural areas, over time. In particular, households in rural areas spend more money on drugs, therapeutic appliances and equipment than households in urban areas, while households in urban areas spend more on medical services and hospital care compared to households in rural areas. The analysis of data regarding the age of the household in charge showed that the average total HHE was reduced regardless of the age of the household in charge. Over time, the ages that appear to spend a higher proportion of their income on health are those over 65 years. Moreover, it was observed, as is logical, that the higher the age group of the household in charge, the higher the total health expenditure over time. Furthermore, age increase is associated with higher monthly costs for medicines, therapeutic appliances and equipment. It should also be noted that the average monthly expenditure on medicines, therapeutic appliances and equipment in each age group were stable during the crisis with a slight upward trend.
Consequently, over the years of financial crisis, the monthly HHEs are reduced due to the confiscation of revenue the middle class suffered by, which reduced their consumption ability. Bearing in mind that larger proportion of their shrinking income is now spent for health (since, healthcare is inelastic commodity and hence difficult to be “restrained”), HHE, as a percentage of total private spending, is consequently increased, in line with the hypothesis hereof, namely that “during the economic recession and implementation of the fiscal adjustment measures in Greece, Greek household health spending was increased”.
2020
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/99388/1/MPRA_paper_99388.pdf
Zikidou, Stavroula and Hadjidema, Stamatina (2020): Household Health Expenditure in Greece and the Impact of Financial Crisis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:107805
2021-05-18T09:51:00Z
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7375626A656374733D43:4333:433339
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463335
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/107805/
South American Cluster: A Practical Case Study
Audi, Marc
C39 - Other
F35 - Foreign Aid
L10 - General
This paper studies Guadalajara’s cluster in its major aspects. It tries to pinpoint and identify the triggers that made this agglomeration a new Silicon Valley. One of the most outstanding features of this city is its vigorous export performance in the electronic industry that is why in our study, we focused on that specific industry. We found out that rules and regulations in this geographic area played a critical role when it comes to attracting foreign exportations and local investors especially in the electronic industry. Nevertheless, the study of the case of Guadalajara verifies that different clusters have their own explanations in regard to their emergence which is specific and unique to different circumstances and geographical locations. In fact results showed that Asian countries electronic cluster differs in terms of aspects from the one from Mexican city. Past researches based on Asian clusters only took into consideration the conception and the initial stage of the process. The description of other stages of growth and development in the Mexican city helped us distinguishing between anchor firms and seminal firms which help in understanding how clusters are created (general) based on the fact that seminal firms are not essentially supporting firms and supporting firms may not be described as seminal firms.
2015
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/107805/1/MPRA_paper_107805.pdf
Audi, Marc (2015): South American Cluster: A Practical Case Study.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:118516
2023-09-13T13:44:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433138
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433339
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/118516/
Job Amenities & Earnings Inequality
Bell, Alex
C18 - Methodological Issues: General
C39 - Other
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
Previous research on prices of job amenities has suffered from simultaneity bias due to workers’ unobserved offer sets, resulting in “wrong-signed” compensating wage differentials. I propose a simple amenity pricing framework that uses an imprecise proxy for workers’ offer sets to identify amenity prices holding offer sets fixed. Using price estimates for a set of observed job characteristics across various public survey datasets, I find a large role for costly amenity substitution in explaining the gender pay gap (on the order of two-thirds) and little role for amenities to explain inequalities by race or by parent background.
2020-05-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/118516/1/Job_Amenities_and_Earnings_Inequality.pdf
Bell, Alex (2020): Job Amenities & Earnings Inequality.
en