2024-03-29T06:08:48Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:64
2019-09-27T08:22:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433330
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64/
Economies of Scale in the Canadian Food Processing Industry
Gervais, Jean-Philippe
Bonroy, Olivier
Couture, Steve
C30 - General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
Cost functions for three Canadian manufacturing agri-food sectors (meat, bakery and dairy) are estimated using provincial data from 1990 to 1999. A translog functional form is used and the concavity property is imposed locally. The Morishima substitution elasticities and returns to scale elasticities are computed for different provinces. Inference is carried out using asymptotic theory as well as bootstrap methods. In particular, the ability of the double bootstrap to provide refinements in inference is investigated. The evidence suggests that there are significant substitution possibilities between the agricultural input and other production factors in the meat and bakery sectors. Scale elasticity parameters indicate that increasing returns to scale are present in small bakery industries. While point estimates suggest that increasing returns to scale exist at the industry level in the meat sector, statistical inference cannot rule the existence of decreasing returns to scale. To account for supply management in the dairy sector, separability between raw milk and the other inputs was introduced. There exists evidence of increasing returns to scale at the industry level in the dairy industries of Alberta and New Brunswick. The scale elasticity for the two largest provinces (Ontario and Quebec) is greater than one, but inference does not reject the null hypothesis of increasing returns to scale.
2006-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64/1/MPRA_paper_64.pdf
Gervais, Jean-Philippe and Bonroy, Olivier and Couture, Steve (2006): Economies of Scale in the Canadian Food Processing Industry.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:445
2019-09-27T07:55:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3230
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3130
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/445/
Innovation creation and diffusion in a social network: an agent based approach
Lamieri, Marco
Ietri, Daniele
L20 - General
L10 - General
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
Market is not only the result of the behaviour of agents, as we
can find other forms of contact and communication. Many of them
are determined by proximity conditions in some kind of space: in this
paper we pay a particular attention to relational space, that is the
space determined by the relationships between individuals.
The paper starts from a brief account on theoretical and empirical
literature on social networks. Social networks represent people and
their relationships as networks, in which individuals are nodes and the
relationships between them are ties. In particular, graph theory is used
in literature in order to demonstrate some properties of social networks
summarised in the concept of Small Worlds. The concept may be
used to explain how some phenomena involving relations among agents
have effects on multiple different geographical scales, involving both
the local and the global scale.
The empirical section of the paper is introduced by a brief summary
of simulation techniques in social science and economics as a way
to investigate complexity. The model investigates the dynamics of a
population of firms (potential innovators) and consumers interacting
in a space defined as a social network. Consumers are represented in
the model in order to create a competitive environment pushing enterprises
into innovative process (we refer to Schumpeter’s definition):
from interaction between consumers and firms innovation emerges as
a relational good.
2004-04-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/445/1/MPRA_paper_445.pdf
Lamieri, Marco and Ietri, Daniele (2004): Innovation creation and diffusion in a social network: an agent based approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:744
2019-09-26T22:34:40Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3236
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/744/
Long-term labour productivity and GDP projections for the EU25 Member States : a production function framework
Carone, Giuseppe
Denis, Cécile
Mc Morrow, Kieran
Mourre, Gilles
Röger, Werner
J1 - Demographic Economics
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This paper presents the results of long run labour productivity and GDP growth rate projections (until 2050) for each of the 25 EU Member States and provides a detailed overview of the forecast methodology used. These projections were undertaken in order to provide an internationally comparable macroeconomic framework against which to assess the potential economic and fiscal effects of ageing populations.
The projections presented in this paper, using a common production function methodology for all 25 countries, show the GDP growth rate effects of an assumptions-driven extrapolation of recent trends in employment and labour productivity. These base case projections reflect the working assumption of “no policy change”.Various sensitivity tests are carried out to check the GDP per capita impact of some factors which have been excluded from the baseline scenario for reasons of simplicity or because of a lack of consensus in the academic literature. Some of the interesting conclusions that emerge from these sensitivity tests include :
• Firstly, the GDP per capita impact of changes in the participation rate assumption used in the projections is much greater than for assumed changes in the share of part-time employment (i.e. in average hours worked per worker).
• Secondly, the negative effect of a change in the age-structure of the population is fairly limited, although it is accepted that the labour productivity of an individual is likely to decline after the age of 55. A very strong fall in the productivity of older workers compared with that of prime-age workers would be required to significantly depress total labour productivity. Such an outcome, on the basis of current evidence, appears rather unlikely.
• Thirdly, changing the TFP growth rate targets (e.g. use of the 1990’s average instead of the long-term 1970-2004 average) could strongly affect the projections.
• Finally, an assumption of productivity convergence in levels substantially alters the projections for most EU10 countries but leaves the EU15 almost unchanged.
JEL classific
2006-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/744/1/MPRA_paper_744.pdf
Carone, Giuseppe and Denis, Cécile and Mc Morrow, Kieran and Mourre, Gilles and Röger, Werner (2006): Long-term labour productivity and GDP projections for the EU25 Member States : a production function framework. Published in: European Economy-Economic Papers, European Commission-DG ECFIN No. 253 (June 2006): pp. 1-92.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1010
2019-09-26T22:24:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1010/
Total Factor Productivity in the Malaysian Resource-Based Industries
Asid, Rozilee
Saiman, Mohd Safri
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This paper will focus on the issues of total factor productivity growth (TFPG) for both 3 and 5-digit level and the performance of resource-based industries (RBIs) in Malaysia for the period 1981-1997. By using the neoclassical Cobb-Douglas production function and traditional growth accounting methodology (Solow-residual) with time discrete Tornqvist weighted value share index, the TFPG estimation for both classifications shows an interesting pattern in terms of sign and fundamental composition. The development of RBIs during the period under study is mostly input driven (moving towards a capital intensive industry), where supply effect of unskilled labour assimilates to the underlying value added growth over time.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1010/1/MPRA_paper_1010.pdf
Asid, Rozilee and Saiman, Mohd Safri (2003): Total Factor Productivity in the Malaysian Resource-Based Industries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1172
2019-09-27T02:12:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1172/
Estimation of Zellner-Revankar Production Function Revisited
Mishra, SK
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
C31 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions ; Social Interaction Models
Arnold Zellner and Nagesh Revankar in their well-known paper “Generalized Production Functions” [The Review of Economic Studies, 36(2), pp. 241-250, 1969] introduced a new generalized production function, which was illustrated by an example of fitting the generalized Cobb-Douglas function to the U.S. data for Transportation Equipment Industry. For estimating the parameters of their production function, they used a method in which one of the parameters (theta) is chosen at the trial basis and other parameters relating to elasticity and returns to scale are estimated so as to maximize the likelihood function. Repeated trials are made with different values of theta so as to obtain the global maximum of the likelihood function.
In this paper we show that the method suggested and used by Zellner and Revankar (ZR) may easily be caught into a local optimum trap. We also show that the estimated parameters reported by them are grossly sub-optimal.
Using the Differential Evolution (DE) and the Repulsive Particle Swarm (RPS) methods of global optimization, the present paper re-estimates the parameters of the ZR production function with the U.S. data used by ZR. We find that the DE and the RPS estimates of parameters are significantly different from (but much better than) those estimated by ZR. We also find that the returns to scale do not vary with the size of output as reported by ZR.
2006-12-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1172/1/MPRA_paper_1172.pdf
Mishra, SK (2006): Estimation of Zellner-Revankar Production Function Revisited.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1231
2019-10-01T05:40:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1231/
Globalization and Structural Changes in the Indian Industrial Sector: An Analysis of Production Functions
Mishra, SK
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
O53 - Asia including Middle East
L60 - General
In 1991 India chose to open her economy and formulated the New Economic Policy (NEP). Under the structural adjustment and reform programmes, the NEP aimed at promoting growth by eliminating supply bottlenecks that hinder competitiveness, efficiency and dynamism in the economic system
This study investigates into the structural changes in the manufacturing sector of India brought about by liberalization and globalization of the economy. Structural changes in terms of employment of labour and capital, indicated by replacement of the former by the latter, and changes in returns-to-scale have been examined by estimating CES, Zellner-Revankar, Transcendental and Diewert production functions. State-wise data for 1990-91 and 2003-04 have been analyzed.
The findings have indicated that the rise in industrial output during the reference period is accountable to substitution of capital for labour in almost all states. In the pre-globalization period the industries experienced increasing returns to scale. Globalization has given way to diminishing returns to scale. Along with a rise in industrial output, globalization has led to a decline in regional disparities in terms of population-deflated indices of employment of manpower and capital, and the resultant output.
2006-12-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1231/1/MPRA_paper_1231.pdf
Mishra, SK (2006): Globalization and Structural Changes in the Indian Industrial Sector: An Analysis of Production Functions.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1247
2019-10-03T04:54:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1247/
Using price and demand information to identify production functions
Jaumandreu, Jordi
Mairesse, Jacques
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This paper explores the use of information on the firm-level prices of the produced
output and employed inputs, as well as on the firm-level demand relationship, to identify
the parameters of the production function. By considering the system of equations
which includes the demands for variable inputs, the demand for the product of the
firm and the pricing rule, both the production function and the cost equation can be
rewritten in terms of fixed inputs and exogenous determinants (semi-reduced forms).
Consistent estimation of this two equation system is possible under no especial distri-bution
assumptions on unobserved e fficiency and, in addition, an estimate of the price
elasticity of demand is recovered.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1247/1/MPRA_paper_1247.pdf
Jaumandreu, Jordi and Mairesse, Jacques (2006): Using price and demand information to identify production functions.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1333
2019-09-29T06:53:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1333/
Globalization and Structural Changes in the Indian Industrial Sector: An Analysis of Production Functions
Mishra, SK
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
L60 - General
O53 - Asia including Middle East
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
In 1991 India chose to open her economy and formulated the New Economic Policy (NEP). Under the structural adjustment and reform programmes, the NEP aimed at promoting growth by eliminating supply bottlenecks that hinder competitiveness, efficiency and dynamism in the economic system
This study investigates into the structural changes in the manufacturing sector of India brought about by liberalization and globalization of the economy. Structural changes in terms of employment of labour and capital, indicated by replacement of the former by the latter, and changes in returns-to-scale have been examined by estimating CES, Zellner-Revankar, Transcendental, Diewert and Bruno's production functions. State-wise data for 1990-91 and 2003-04 have been analyzed.
The findings have indicated that the rise in industrial output during the reference period is accountable to substitution of capital for labour in almost all states. The elasticity of substitution has declined for most of the states. In the pre-globalization period the industries experienced increasing returns to scale. Globalization has given way to diminishing returns to scale. Along with a rise in industrial output, globalization has led to a decline in regional disparities in terms of population-deflated indices of employment of manpower and capital, and the resultant output.
2006-12-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1333/1/MPRA_paper_1333.pdf
Mishra, SK (2006): Globalization and Structural Changes in the Indian Industrial Sector: An Analysis of Production Functions.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1600
2019-09-26T11:19:51Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443433
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443836
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3133
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3134
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513331
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3732
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3934
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1600/
Lignite price negotiation between opencast mine and power plant as a two-stage, two-person, cooperative, non-zero sum game
Jurdziak, Leszek
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks
Q31 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
C71 - Cooperative Games
L94 - Electric Utilities
Based on the simple model of the deposit the methodology of finding the optimal solution for bilateral monopoly (BM) of lignite mine and power plant is shown taking into account pit optimisation. It is proposed to treat lignite price negotiation as a kind of game. In the first stage (cooperative) both sides should select the ultimate pit maximising joint profits of BM and in the second one (competitive) the agreement should be achieved regarding profit division. This can be realised through side payments or by establishing the lignite transfer price. Lack of cooperation and opportunism can lead to the suboptimal solution – excavation of the smaller pit. Due to information asymmetry realisation of the optimal solution is more probably in vertically integrated firms. Dynamic adjustments of LOM BM plan to short-term changes of energy market using optimisation, BM model, game theory and their valuation as real options is the new direction of further re-search.
2006-09-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1600/1/MPRA_paper_1600.pdf
Jurdziak, Leszek (2006): Lignite price negotiation between opencast mine and power plant as a two-stage, two-person, cooperative, non-zero sum game. Published in: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium Continuous Surface Mining , Vol. ISBN 3, No. Department of Mining Engineering III, RWTH Aachen University (24 September 2006): pp. 469-476.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2853
2019-10-09T23:58:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2853/
Intra- and Inter-Sectoral Knowledge Spillovers and TFP Growth Rates
Quella, Núria
O30 - General
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
O40 - General
In this paper I estimate unobserved labor-generated knowledge spillovers within and between six large macroeconomic sectors covering the US civilian economy from 1948 to 1991 and relate them to observed productivity changes. I construct a series of sectoral knowledge spillover matrices that show the changes in the magnitude and direction of intraand inter-sectoral spillovers for each sector. I show that the productivity slowdown in the US economy of the early seventies is associated with a decline of intra-sectoral spillovers and the emergence of inter-sectoral spillovers. This change coincides with trade taking over manufacturing as the main source and destination of new knowledge flows. The analysis of technology flows, measured as the production and use of patents, corroborates this finding. Furthermore, I also compute the gap between the market, which ignores knowledge spillovers, and the optimal allocation of labor across sectors, and the wedge between market and optimal wage rates by sector. I show that optimal employment in manufactures is 32% higher than the market allocation, and that optimal wages in the overall economy are 31% above market wages.
2007-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2853/1/MPRA_paper_2853.pdf
Quella, Núria (2007): Intra- and Inter-Sectoral Knowledge Spillovers and TFP Growth Rates.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3001
2019-09-27T06:28:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433331
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3001/
Estimation of Zellner-Revankar Production Function Revisited
Mishra, SK
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
C31 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions ; Social Interaction Models
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
Arnold Zellner and Nagesh Revankar in their well-known paper “Generalized Production Functions” [The Review of Economic Studies, 36(2), pp. 241-250, 1969] introduced a new generalized production function, which was illustrated by an example of fitting the generalized Cobb-Douglas function to the U.S. data for Transportation Equipment Industry. For estimating the parameters of their production function, they used a method in which one of the parameters (theta) is chosen at the trial basis and other parameters relating to elasticity and returns to scale are estimated so as to maximize the likelihood function. Repeated trials are made with different values of theta so as to obtain the global maximum of the likelihood function.
In this paper we show that the method suggested and used by Zellner and Revankar (ZR) may easily be caught into a local optimum trap. We also show that the estimated parameters reported by them are grossly sub-optimal.
Using the Differential Evolution (DE) and the Repulsive Particle Swarm (RPS) methods of global optimization, the present paper re-estimates the parameters of the ZR production function with the U.S. data used by ZR. We find that the DE and the RPS estimates of parameters are significantly different from (but much better than) those estimated by ZR. We also find that the returns to scale do not vary with the size of output as reported by ZR. A Fortran program for estimation of ZR production function by the Particle Swarm and the Differential Evolution has been appended.
2006-12-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3001/1/MPRA_paper_3001.pdf
Mishra, SK (2006): Estimation of Zellner-Revankar Production Function Revisited.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3112
2019-10-02T05:04:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3112/
The decline in Italian productivity: a study in estimation of long-Run trends in Total Factor Productivity with panel cointegration methods
Fachin, Stefano
Gavosto, Andrea
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
The aim of this paper is (i) to propose a method for obtaining estimates of long-run total factor productivity (TFP) trends free from the restrictive assumptions needed by traditional growth accounting, requiring only data on inputs and output flows, and able to deliver estimates of long-run TFP trends; (ii) to apply it to the Italian manufacturing industries over the period 1980-2001, so to shed some light on the severe productivity slowdown of the last decade. The approach proposed relies on recent developments in the analysis of non-stationary, cross-correlated panels. The empirical application, consistently with growth accounting, supports the view that the decline in Italian labour productivity has been mostly due to a widespread fall in TFP growth. A simple regression points as main causes to the completion of a factor reallocation process among industries and inadequate R&D investment.
2007-05-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3112/1/MPRA_paper_3112.pdf
Fachin, Stefano and Gavosto, Andrea (2007): The decline in Italian productivity: a study in estimation of long-Run trends in Total Factor Productivity with panel cointegration methods.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3115
2019-09-26T08:27:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4534:453433
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473133
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3115/
The irony in the derivatives discounting
Henrard, Marc
E43 - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
G13 - Contingent Pricing ; Futures Pricing
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
A simple and fundamental question in derivatives pricing is the way (contingent) cash-flows should be discounted. As cash can not be invested at Libor the curve is probably not the right discounting curve, even for Libor derivatives. The impact on derivative pricing of changing the discounting curve is discussed. The pricing formulas for vanilla products are revisited in the funding framework described.
2007-03-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3115/1/MPRA_paper_3115.pdf
Henrard, Marc (2007): The irony in the derivatives discounting.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3121
2019-09-27T09:04:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463130
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3121/
Learning-by-Exporting Effects: Are They for Real?
Isgut, Alberto
Fernandes, Ana
F10 - General
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
We investigate whether exposure to export markets improves plant productivity. Our estimation framework adds export experience as an additional state variable and a fixed cost of entry into export markets to Olley and Pakes’s (1996) behavioral model. We find robust evidence of a positive effect of export experience on productivity, controlling for the bias caused by self-selection of the most productive plants into exporting. The effect is stronger for plants with the most exposure to exporting, and statistically insignificant for exporters that stop exporting. Our analysis also suggests that matching methods may produce upwardly biased estimates of learning-by-exporting effects.
2007-03-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3121/1/MPRA_paper_3121.pdf
Isgut, Alberto and Fernandes, Ana (2007): Learning-by-Exporting Effects: Are They for Real?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3747
2019-09-26T19:05:26Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3747/
Estimation of Technical Efficiency in Tanzanian Sugarcane Production: A Case Study of Mtibwa Sugar Estate Outgrowers Scheme
Msuya, Elibariki
Ashimogo, Gasper
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
This study describes the technical efficiency of sugarcane production and the factors affecting this efficiency. The study was conducted in Turiani Division, Mvomero District, Morogoro Region, Tanzania. Specifically, the study determined and compared the level of technical efficiency of outgrower and non-outgrower farmers, and examined the relationship between levels of efficiency and various specific factors. A cross sectional single-visit survey that included randomly selected representative samples of 140 outgrower and non-outgrower farmers was conducted. To estimate technical efficiency analysis was done using a (FRONTIER Version 4.1) computer program for stochastic frontier production and cost function estimation developed by Coelli, (1996). Technical efficiency was estimated using the Cobb-Douglas production frontier assumed to have a truncated normal distribution. The results of the estimation showed that there were significant positive relationships between age, education, and experience with technical efficiency.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3747/1/MPRA_paper_3747.pdf
Msuya, Elibariki and Ashimogo, Gasper (2005): Estimation of Technical Efficiency in Tanzanian Sugarcane Production: A Case Study of Mtibwa Sugar Estate Outgrowers Scheme. Published in: Economic and Development Papers, Mzumbe University , Vol. 1, No. 1 (2005): pp. 28-46.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3752
2019-09-27T02:49:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443239
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3838
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3830
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3752/
Recent trend of village and small enterprise sector: exploring and exploiting its opportunities in the North Eastern Region of India touching upon its profile and barriers
Mishra, SK
D29 - Other
Z0 - General
L88 - Government Policy
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
L60 - General
O53 - Asia including Middle East
L80 - General
Development of village, micro and small enterprises in India has a special significance with regard to bridging up the disparities between urban and rural sectors of the economy on the one hand and the more industrialized and the less industrialized states on the other. It would also channelize to the mainstream the forces of development in the rural and remote areas presently strewn with the immense possibilities of manufacturing and service activities. Mahatma Gandhi had envisioned this long back, but Indian planners exhibited their preference to development of large-scale industries first. However, after having taken a step further to globalization and liberalization, India has recognized the relevance of small enterprises. Enactment of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 is an instance of the action taken in the wake of this recognition.
The North Eastern Region (NER) of India comprises eight states: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura, all well known for their handicrafts. The Schedule Tribes form the majority of population there. Most of these states are hilly and have remained agriculturally as well as industrially backward. Promotion of small enterprises is most suitable for their timely development.
In this paper we present a statistically detailed profile of small enterprises in the NER. We explore the possibilities of development of the small enterprises sector and discuss the constraints on the same.
2007-06-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3752/1/MPRA_paper_3752.pdf
Mishra, SK (2007): Recent trend of village and small enterprise sector: exploring and exploiting its opportunities in the North Eastern Region of India touching upon its profile and barriers.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3769
2019-09-27T16:50:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443239
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3838
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3830
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3769/
Recent trend of village and small enterprise sector: exploring and exploiting its opportunities in the North Eastern Region of India touching upon its profile and barriers
Mishra, SK
D29 - Other
Z0 - General
L88 - Government Policy
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
L60 - General
O53 - Asia including Middle East
L80 - General
Development of village, micro and small enterprises in India has a special significance with regard to bridging up the disparities between urban and rural sectors of the economy on the one hand and the more industrialized and the less industrialized states on the other. It would also channelize to the mainstream the forces of development in the rural and remote areas presently strewn with the immense possibilities of manufacturing and service activities. Mahatma Gandhi had envisioned this long back, but Indian planners exhibited their preference to development of large-scale industries first. However, after having taken a step further to globalization and liberalization, India has recognized the relevance of small enterprises. Enactment of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 is an instance of the action taken in the wake of this recognition.
The North Eastern Region (NER) of India comprises eight states: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura, all well known for their handicrafts. The Schedule Tribes form the majority of population there. Most of these states are hilly and have remained agriculturally as well as industrially backward. Promotion of small enterprises is most suitable for their timely development.
In this paper we present a statistically detailed profile of small enterprises in the NER. We explore the possibilities of development of the small enterprises sector and discuss the constraints on the same.
2007-06-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3769/1/MPRA_paper_3769.pdf
Mishra, SK (2007): Recent trend of village and small enterprise sector: exploring and exploiting its opportunities in the North Eastern Region of India touching upon its profile and barriers.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3818
2019-09-26T18:38:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3134
7375626A656374733D4D:4D32:4D3230
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3818/
Determinants and impact of private sector investment in Malawi: evidence from the 2006 investment climate survey
Record, Richard
Davies, Simon
O14 - Industrialization ; Manufacturing and Service Industries ; Choice of Technology
M20 - General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
L20 - General
Over much of the last two decades, the economy of Malawi has been characterized by economic turbulence and uncertainty that has done serious damage to the private sector. Rapid liberalization exposed an unprepared private sector to potentially damaging forces. This paper draws upon the most comprehensive enterprise survey carried out in Malawi in recent years to assess the current state of private sector investment. We find the following key results: (1) low labor productivity is explained primarily by lack inputs per worker, rather than insufficient capital employed; (2) foreign competition in either domestic or export markets encourages reinvestment of current earnings; (3) firms with monopoly power are less likely to invest in increased capacity; and (4) high interest rates encourage Malawian firms to invest incrementally and using retained profits.
2007-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3818/1/MPRA_paper_3818.pdf
Record, Richard and Davies, Simon (2007): Determinants and impact of private sector investment in Malawi: evidence from the 2006 investment climate survey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4163
2019-10-03T14:29:39Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513431
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3732
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3132
7375626A656374733D51:5134
7375626A656374733D44:4434
7375626A656374733D4C:4C34:4C3434
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513332
7375626A656374733D43:4337
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C34:4C3432
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433032
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3130
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443836
7375626A656374733D4C:4C30
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3234
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3134
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3934
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4163/
Schemat arbitrażowy Nasha, a podział zysków w bilateralnym monopolu kopalni węgla brunatnego i elektrowni. Cześć druga – zastosowania w negocjacjach strategicznych i taktycznych
Jurdziak, Leszek
Q41 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
C72 - Noncooperative Games
L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
L12 - Monopoly ; Monopolization Strategies
Q4 - Energy
D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design
L44 - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprises, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
L42 - Vertical Restraints ; Resale Price Maintenance ; Quantity Discounts
C02 - Mathematical Methods
L10 - General
D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
L0 - General
C71 - Cooperative Games
L24 - Contracting Out ; Joint Ventures ; Technology Licensing
D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks
L94 - Electric Utilities
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
The application of Nash bargaining solution to profit division in negotiation between opencast lignite mine and power plant has been discussed. Different proposals of status quo point usage and ways of its determination for profit sharing both in strategic and tactical/operational negotiation have been presented. The novel approach is the creation of lignite price contours on the mine and power plant profit distribution chart. It shows the inherent contradiction between individual and group rationality in bilateral monopoly (BM) and the reduction of incentive to opportunism together with the increase of lignite price. The opportunism due to asymmetry of information and possession of dominant strategy of mine (optimization of ultimate pit) creates a real threat to cooperation between both sides of BM. The full confidence in joint profit maximization and full control of accepted profit sharing without increase of transactional costs is possible only in vertically integrated energy producer offering equal access to information for both sides. As it was shown in [4] such solution does not create any threat for energy market efficiency – on the contrary it can allow on better level of deposit recovery through excavation of the greater ultimate pit. The interesting proposal is the treatment of pit optimization as a real option of mine size change. Presented methods, tools and solutions should help both firms in real negotiation in finding their strategic positions and avoiding potential threats. But eventually from negotiating sides it depends if they will choose the cooperation or competition, rational arguments or rational threats, maximization of joint profits or only their own.
2006-01-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4163/1/MPRA_paper_4163.pdf
Jurdziak, Leszek (2006): Schemat arbitrażowy Nasha, a podział zysków w bilateralnym monopolu kopalni węgla brunatnego i elektrowni. Cześć druga – zastosowania w negocjacjach strategicznych i taktycznych. Published in: Górnictwo Odkrywkowe (Opencast Mining) , Vol. XLIX, No. No.1-2 (January 2007): pp. 81-88.
pl
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4362
2019-09-28T09:18:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3233
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4362/
The Organizational Approach of Capability Theory: A Review Essay
Garzarelli, Giampaolo
L23 - Organization of Production
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
Richard Langlois, Tony Yu & Paul Robertson have assembled a collection of previously published papers that move beyond textbook production theory. This essay discusses work by Frank Knight and Hendrik Houthakker not reproduced in LYR in relation to the capability theory of economic organization. Knight identified the problem of organization as the search for and the coordination of different dispersed capabilities. Houthakker helps us to see more clearly that the benefits of specialization are not brought at zero cost; whatever is the governance structure employed, there will inevitably be coordination costs due to differences in capabilities.
2006-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4362/1/MPRA_paper_4362.pdf
Garzarelli, Giampaolo (2006): The Organizational Approach of Capability Theory: A Review Essay.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4740
2019-09-30T08:21:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433637
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433532
7375626A656374733D51:5131
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D43:4331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4740/
The Application of Robust Regression to a Production Function Comparison – the Example of Swiss Corn
Finger, Robert
Hediger, Werner
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
C67 - Input-Output Models
C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
Q1 - Agriculture
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
The adequate representation of crop response functions is crucial for agricultural modeling and analysis. So far, the evaluation of such functions focused on the comparison of different functional forms. In this article, the perspective is expanded by also considering an alternative regression method. This is motivated by the fact that extreme climatic events can result in crop yield observations that cause misleading results if Least Squares regression is applied. We show that such outliers are adequately treated if and only if robust regression or robust diagnostics are applied. The example of simulated Swiss corn yields shows that the application of robust instead of Least Squares regression causes reasonable shifts in coefficient estimates and their level of significance, and results in higher levels of goodness of fit. Furthermore, the costs of misspecification decrease remarkably if optimal input recommendations are based on results of robust regression. We therefore recommend the application of the latter instead of Least Squares regression for agricultural and environmental production function estimation.
2007-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4740/1/MPRA_paper_4740.pdf
Finger, Robert and Hediger, Werner (2007): The Application of Robust Regression to a Production Function Comparison – the Example of Swiss Corn.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4753
2019-09-26T18:33:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4753/
Inventory Signals
Lai, Richard
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
M11 - Production Management
How does operational competence translate into market value, when firms cannot credibly communicate their competence to the market? I consider the example of inventory and fill rates. When the market sees a high-inventory firm, it cannot tell whether the inventory is due to incompetence or a strategy to enhance fill rate. Firms might decide to signal their competence to the market by carrying less inventory. I show conditions for separating and pooling perfect Bayesian equilibria. I also provide empirical evidence for this theory that inventory has a signaling role. The theory could potentially provide a framework that describes one way in which a range of operational competences such as purchasing and outsourcing, translate to market value. Practically, it has implications for firms, such as how to strategically communicate to the market, reward managers, or even whether to go public and be subject to market pressures.
2006-06-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4753/1/MPRA_paper_4753.pdf
Lai, Richard (2006): Inventory Signals.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4754
2019-09-27T03:30:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4754/
Inventory and the Shape of the Earth
Lai, Richard
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
M11 - Production Management
How important are local country conditions to firms' operations performance, as revealed in their inventory levels? Under a “flat world” hypothesis, differences in firms' inventory levels are explained more by differences among industries and firms themselves, rather than differences among country conditions (e.g., institutions, infrastructure). In a “round earth” hypothesis, country factors out-weigh firm and industry factors. Using all COMPUSTAT observations for manufacturing firms in 70 countries, covering the years 1994 through 2004, we find little evidence for the “round earth” hypothesis. In our baseline model, country effects explain at most 12.7% of inventory variance, while firm differences explain 35.5%, and industry differences explain 28.5%. This finding is robust to a number of sensitivity tests. Apart from the empirical contribution, this finding can be a useful stylized fact for further theoretical development into the locus of inventory variance. It also has a practical implication - perhaps inventory practices are much more transportable across countries than we have known before.
2007-07-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4754/1/MPRA_paper_4754.pdf
Lai, Richard (2007): Inventory and the Shape of the Earth.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4755
2019-10-03T11:34:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4755/
The Geography of Retail Inventory
Lai, Richard
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
M11 - Production Management
How different are retailers' inventory levels around the world? Specifically, are retailers' inventories constant across countries, converging, or at least co-integrating? These might be viewed as various forms of global determinism. To see which of these forms hold, I use a novel dataset integrated from Dow Jones, Edgar, Bureau van Dijk (Europe), World'Vest Base, Multex, KIS (Korea Information Service), Teikoku of Japan, Huaxia of China, and COMPUSTAT. The dataset consists of 27,000 firm-year observations for 4,100 retailers in 23 countries, for the period 1983 through 2004. I find evidence to reject all the three forms of global determinism. Instead, I report evidence consistent with an alternative hypothesis - local contingency - in which country effects can explain inventory differences around the world. I also show that this conclusion is robust in numerous ways.
2005-03-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4755/1/MPRA_paper_4755.pdf
Lai, Richard (2005): The Geography of Retail Inventory.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4756
2019-09-30T21:46:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4756/
Does Public Infrastructure Reduce Private Inventory?
Lai, Richard
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
M11 - Production Management
The discipline of operations management is rarely studied with an eye on public policies. Yet, it is glaring to even the casual observer that public infrastructure is very different in different countries. How does public infrastructure affect private sector inventory levels? I develop as a baseline a substitution hypothesis, which predicts that infrastructure reduces inventory. I also consider competing hypotheses that can explain negative correlation between infrastructure and inventory. To empirically distinguish these hypotheses, I use data on public firms from 60 countries. The econometric challenge is in identifying the exogenous component of infrastructure changes. I address that using instrumental variables consisting of physical attributes of countries - such as their elevation, whether they are land-locked, their mean distance to a coast or river. I find evidence consistent with the substitution hypothesis. This finding is robust to many tests.
2006-06-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4756/1/MPRA_paper_4756.pdf
Lai, Richard (2006): Does Public Infrastructure Reduce Private Inventory?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4758
2019-09-26T09:02:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4758/
Bullwhip in a Spanish Shop
Lai, Richard
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
M11 - Production Management
Sebastian de la Fuente is the sixth largest supermarket chain in the Basque region of Spain. It has a novel dataset of 108,605 observations on 3,745 SKUs, collected for almost 2 1/2 years. I find the bullwhip effect in the data: at least 80% of the SKUs have a bigger variance in supplies than variance in sales. I also test six potential causes of the bullwhip, and report clear evidence for three: a rational cause (batching by the supermarket) and two behavioral ones (under-reaction to lags and coordination risks).
2005-09-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4758/1/MPRA_paper_4758.pdf
Lai, Richard (2005): Bullwhip in a Spanish Shop.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4813
2019-09-30T16:41:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433135
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4813/
Least squares estimation of joint production functions by the Differential Evolution method of global optimization
Mishra, SK
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
C13 - Estimation: General
C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
In the economics of joint production one often distinguishes between the two cases: the one in which a firm produces multiple products each produced under separate production process, and the other “true joint production” where a number of outputs are produced from a single production process, where each product shares common inputs. In the econometric practice the first case has often been dealt with by aggregation of individual production functions into a macro production function. The second case has often called for estimation of an implicit aggregate production function.
Most of the studies relating to estimation of joint production functions have noted two difficulties: first that allocation of inputs to different outputs are not known, and the second that a method of estimation (such as the Least Squares) cannot have more than one dependent variable. Construction of a composite (macro) output function is at least partly motivated by the inability of the estimation methods to deal with multiple dependent variables and different forms of production function for different outputs.
This study has conducted some simulation experiments on joint estimation of the CES, the Transcendental and the Nerlove-Ringstad functions. Allocation parameters (of inputs) across the products have been introduced. Estimation has been done jointly, but without constructing a composite macro production function or an output transformation function. We use nonlinear least squares based on the Differential Evolution method of global optimization that permits fitting multiple production functions simultaneously.
2007-09-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4813/1/MPRA_paper_4813.pdf
Mishra, SK (2007): Least squares estimation of joint production functions by the Differential Evolution method of global optimization.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4816
2019-09-27T04:01:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D44:4432
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4816/
Predicting the Profit Potential of a Microeconomic Process: An Information Theoretic/Thermodynamic Approach
George, Michael
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
D2 - Production and Organizations
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
It would be of great benefit if management could predict the huge profit benefit that would result from modest investments in process improvement initiatives such as Lean, Six Sigma and Complexity reduction. While the application of these initiatives was initially restricted to manufacturing, they have been expanded to product development, marketing, and indeed all microeconomic processes... This paper derives an equation that, subject to further testing, appears to make such a profit prediction possible allowing a rational investment in microeconomic process improvement.
That the profit of a company is greatly increased by the reduction of internal waste was originally demonstrated by Henry Ford, but has been greatly extended by Toyota. All waste in a process results in longer lead times from the injection of work into the process until its delivery to the customer or user. Thus the increase in profit is principally driven by the reduction of lead time. The lead time of any process is governed by Little’s Law.
The central result of this paper is that the reduction of Little’s Law leads to an equation for the reduction of process Entropy in analogy to thermodynamic waste in a heat engine. Case studies are used to estimate the magnitude of Boltzmann’s Constant for Microeconomic processes. The resulting Equation of Profit allows the prediction of the amount of waste cost elimination based on explicit Lean, Six Sigma and Complexity reduction parameters.
2007-09-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4816/2/MPRA_paper_4816.pdf
George, Michael (2007): Predicting the Profit Potential of a Microeconomic Process: An Information Theoretic/Thermodynamic Approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4848
2019-09-26T08:44:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4848/
Productivity Growth in Small Enterprises - Role of Inputs, Technological Progress and 'Learning By Doing'
Majumder, Rajarshi
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
L60 - General
Small Manufacturing Enterprises (SMEs) in an overpopulated developing economy serve the dual role of job-creation and shifting the occupational structure. However, their contribution to the overall health of the economy are being questioned on grounds of low productivity and economic viability. Sustainability of SMEs is argued to depend on improving labour productivity (LP) through technological upgradation. In a developing economy this may be a costly proposition due to capital scarcity. So, the effect of technological changes on productivity levels has to be estimated before taking such policies. This effect is generally measured by Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG) which is also a measure of Technological Progress (TP). A positive TFPG implies outward expansion of the production frontier leading to more than proportionate output growth compared to input growth whereby it may be concluded that TP is leading to productivity rise. However, TFPG in the growth accounting approach is a residual measure and encompasses the effect of not only TP, but is a combination of improved technology and the skill with which known technology is applied, i.e. Technological Diffusion or Technological Efficiency (TE). The SMEs rely on indigenous resources, adaptive technology, 'on-job' skill acquisition, and, go on experimenting till they achieve the optimum mix of technology, resource, skill and organisation. Consequently, technological diffusion is more important to them rather than the 'modernity' of the technology itself. This paper seeks to disassociate the effects of pure TP from those of TEC in few selected industries within the SMEs to examine the relative importance of them in improving the health of the SMEs. We use the NSSO database on Unorganised Manufacturing sector. The reference periods are 1994-95 and 2000-01, as defined by the two latest NSSO surveys and concentrate on Food product, Textiles, Leather product, and Non-electrical & electrical equipment sectors. Mean contribution of input growth is found to be 3.17 percent p.a. while that of TFPG has been only 1.10 percent p.a. Contribution of input growth is higher than TFPG in majority of cases, indicating that major part of VAG has been possible because of increased input use and technological upgradation has had only a moderate effect. It is observed that Efficiency levels have improved in 65 percent of cases while TP has been positive in just 35 percent cases. The quantum of TEC has been higher than TP in more number of cases. In about 70 per cent of the situations where indeed there has been some technological improvement, technological diffusion has by far outstripped the role of pure technical progress. For Food product and Equipment sectors, both TP and TEC are observed to be equally important in determining TFPG. While TP plays a dominant role in the Textiles sector, TEC plays a more vital role in the Leather products sector.This underlines the importance of diffusion for improving the conditions of the SMEs and as a policy choice, Efficiency Upgradation appears more viable, effective and lucrative compared to Technological Upgradation.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4848/1/MPRA_paper_4848.pdf
Majumder, Rajarshi (2004): Productivity Growth in Small Enterprises - Role of Inputs, Technological Progress and 'Learning By Doing'. Published in: Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 47, No. 4 (December 2004)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4859
2019-09-26T19:40:11Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4859/
Productivity in the Informal Manufacturing Sector: Regional Patterns and Policy Issues
Mukherjee, Dipa
R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
L60 - General
The study uses a disaggregated approach to look into Labour Productivity in the informal manufacturing sector in India over the last two decades, especially Trends in productivity levels and regional disparities, its regional pattern, and Factors affecting the productivity levels. Wide variation in productivity levels is observed. The Western and North-western states are found to be doing better. Regional disparities are higher for intermediate goods compared to others. However, converging tendencies are also perceived. General economic condition of the state and Availability of loan are identified as factors affecting productivity levels. Policies for improving productivity levels in this sector, especially in lagging regions, should include general economic upliftment, development of proper infrastructure, technological upgradation and easy and cheap credit availability.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4859/1/MPRA_paper_4859.pdf
Mukherjee, Dipa (2004): Productivity in the Informal Manufacturing Sector: Regional Patterns and Policy Issues. Published in: Industrialization, Economic Reforms and Regional Development: Essays in honour of Professor Ashok Mathur, (eds) S. K. Thorat and others, Shipra Publications, New Delhi (2005)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4867
2019-09-26T14:14:09Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4867/
Productivity in the Small Manufacturing Enterprises: Determinants and Policy Issues
Mukherjee, Dipa
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
L60 - General
The role of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in employment creation is widely acknowledged. But their contribution to national income is questioned because of their low productivity. The present paper tries to identify important determinants of productivity level in Small Manufacturing Enterprises (SMEs) and suggest appropriate policies for augmenting productivity levels therein. Factors like technology, access to resources and inputs, general macroeconomic atmosphere, etc. emerge as important determinants of productivity. A close association between productivity levels and emolument per worker is also observed. Policies for proper development of these enterprises should include technological upgradation, better access to land ownership and formal credit system, improvement of general economic condition of the states, ensuring remunerative wages and better working conditions etc. For best results, a targeted approach is recommended and for that Focus groups, both at National and State level, have been identified. A co-ordinated approach is the need of the hour.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4867/1/MPRA_paper_4867.pdf
Mukherjee, Dipa (2004): Productivity in the Small Manufacturing Enterprises: Determinants and Policy Issues. Published in: Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 47, No. 4 (2004)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4877
2019-09-28T18:19:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433135
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4877/
Least squares estimation of joint production functions by the Differential Evolution method of global optimization
Mishra, SK
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
C13 - Estimation: General
C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
In the economics of joint production one often distinguishes between the two cases: the one in which a firm produces multiple products each produced under separate production process, and the other “true joint production” where a number of outputs are produced from a single production process, where each product shares common inputs. In the econometric practice the first case has often been dealt with by aggregation of individual production functions into a macro production function. The second case has often called for estimation of an implicit aggregate production function.
Most of the studies relating to estimation of joint production functions have noted two difficulties: first that allocation of inputs to different outputs are not known, and the second that a method of estimation (such as the Least Squares) cannot have more than one dependent variable. Construction of a composite (macro) output function is at least partly motivated by the inability of the estimation methods to deal with multiple dependent variables and different forms of production function for different outputs.
This study has conducted some simulation experiments on joint estimation of the CES, the Transcendental and the Nerlove-Ringstad functions. Allocation parameters (of inputs) across the products have been introduced. Estimation has been done jointly, but without constructing a composite macro production function or an output transformation function. We use nonlinear least squares based on the Differential Evolution method of global optimization that permits fitting multiple production functions simultaneously.
2007-09-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4877/1/MPRA_paper_4877.pdf
Mishra, SK (2007): Least squares estimation of joint production functions by the Differential Evolution method of global optimization.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5175
2019-09-27T12:24:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5175/
Predicting the Profit Potential of a Microeconomic Process: An Information Theoretic/Thermodynamic Approach
George, Michael
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
Abstract
It would be of great benefit if management could predict the huge profits that would result from modest investments in process improvement initiatives such as Lean, Six Sigma and Complexity reduction. While the application of these initiatives was initially restricted to manufacturing, they have been expanded to transactional processes such as product development, marketing, and indeed all microeconomic processes... This paper derives an equation that, subject to further testing, appears to make such a profit prediction possible allowing a rational investment in microeconomic process improvement.
That the profit of a company is greatly increased by the reduction of internal waste was originally demonstrated by Henry Ford, but has been greatly extended by Toyota. All waste in a process results in longer lead times, measured from the injection of work into the process until its delivery to the customer or user. Thus the increase in profit is principally driven by the reduction of lead time through process improvement. The lead time of any process is governed by the Queuing Theory formula known as Little’s Law.
The central result of this paper is that the reduction lead time as expressed by Little’s Law leads to an equation for the reduction of process Entropy. The expression is identical with the reduction of entropy and thermodynamic waste in a heat engine. Case studies are used to estimate the magnitude of Boltzmann’s Constant for Microeconomic processes. The resulting Equation of Profit allows the prediction of the amount of waste cost elimination based on explicit Lean, Six Sigma and Complexity reduction process improvement parameters. More data is needed to more accurately estimate the magnitude of Boltzmann’s constant for microeconomic processes.
2007-09-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5175/1/MPRA_paper_5175.pdf
George, Michael (2007): Predicting the Profit Potential of a Microeconomic Process: An Information Theoretic/Thermodynamic Approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5254
2019-09-26T14:53:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433330
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433230
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423136
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5254/
A Brief History of Production Functions
Mishra, SK
C30 - General
C20 - General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
B16 - Quantitative and Mathematical
B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Stockholm School)
This paper gives an outline of evolution of the concept and econometrics of production function, which was one of the central apparatus of neo-classical economics. It shows how the famous Cobb-Douglas production function was indeed invented by von Thunen and Wicksell, how the CES production function was formulated, how the elasticity of substitution was made a variable and finally how Sato’s function incorporated biased technical changes. It covers almost all specifications proposed during 1950-1975, and further the LINEX production functions and incorporation of energy as an input. The paper in divided into (1) single product functions, (2) joint product functions, and (3) aggregate production functions. It also discusses the ‘capital controversy’ and its impacts.
2007-10-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5254/1/MPRA_paper_5254.pdf
Mishra, SK (2007): A Brief History of Production Functions.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5796
2019-10-14T16:32:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4D:4D32:4D3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5796/
A constant elasticity of profit production function
Beard, Rodney
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
M21 - Business Economics
Impact analysis of changes in production inputs may be simplified if one can
apply a constant adjustment factor to profit. In particular, if a production
function can be found for which the elasticity of profit is constant and this
function has desirable properties, then one can use the input elasticity of
profit to study the impact of input changes on profit. In this paper such a
production function is derived from first principles.
2007-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5796/1/MPRA_paper_5796.pdf
Beard, Rodney (2007): A constant elasticity of profit production function.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5890
2019-09-26T15:05:03Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5890/
PRODUTIVIDADE TOTAL DOS FATORES NAS PRINCIPAIS LAVOURAS DE GRÃOS BRASILEIRAS: ANÁLISE DE FRONTEIRA ESTOCÁSTICA E ÍNDICE DE MALMQUIST
Rivera Rivera, Edward Bernard Bastiaan
Costantin, Paulo Dutra
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
The objective of this paper is to use the techniques of Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to
estimate the increase or decrease of inefficiencies through time, as well as the linear programming
procedure Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist index in order to analyze the sources of
changes in TFP in the main Brazilian grain crops – rice, beans, maize, soybeans and wheat – throughout
the period 2001-2006. The results indicate that, although there have been positive changes in TFP for the
sample analyzed, a decline in the use of technology has been evidenced for all the main Brazilian grain
crops between 2005/2006 – period in which we observe a remarkable downfall in the use of inputs in
Brazilian agriculture.
2007-08-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5890/1/MPRA_paper_5890.pdf
Rivera Rivera, Edward Bernard Bastiaan and Costantin, Paulo Dutra (2007): PRODUTIVIDADE TOTAL DOS FATORES NAS PRINCIPAIS LAVOURAS DE GRÃOS BRASILEIRAS: ANÁLISE DE FRONTEIRA ESTOCÁSTICA E ÍNDICE DE MALMQUIST. Published in: XXXV Encontro Nacional de Economia - ANPEC (7 December 2007)
pt
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6515
2019-09-28T12:17:19Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3534
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3236
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6515/
Crescimento da produtividade e organização do trabalho: discussão de alguns factores
Moniz, António
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
M54 - Labor Management
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
L26 - Entrepreneurship
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
Recent studies continue to indicate the existence of a narrow relationship between flexible work organizations and the economic growth, in particular, Sweden and Germany. The measure of this relationship is many times the result of the value added per worker. Therefore, the causes of economic growth must be perceived from the interior of the company (work organization, technology, infrastructures, product design). On the other hand, the capacity of innovation can be perceived by the market through new products and services, and still significant changes with the introduction of new equipment and design of an efficient work organization.
In this article it is analyzed the evolution of the productivity and employment levels in Portugal and other European countries, over all, during the decade of 90. An analysis for sector is made still. One verifies often that economic growth can be without employment growth. However, the growth can be obtained when if it reaches bigger added value and the efficiency can be verified when there are diminished costs for a same period of time, although that the labor productivity is also the pointer of the quality of life in a economy, therefore it represents the value produced by the work.
Moreover, the total factors productivity is the measure of the technological and organizational progress (don’t includes only the technological investments). It is tried to get and to analyze the available statistics on these dimension in Portugal, concluding that Portugal presents an enterprise structure predominantly based on small and very small companies, a great number of which is market by a weak potential of adaptability, innovation and sustainability.
It becomes urgent to take the non-material factors that integrate the productivity dimension, as factors of intervention for a benchmarking that allows a process of sustainable growth.
2002-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6515/1/MPRA_paper_6515.pdf
Moniz, António (2002): Crescimento da produtividade e organização do trabalho: discussão de alguns factores. Published in: Economia e Prospectiva No. 21-22 (December 2002): pp. 89-108.
pt
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6564
2019-09-27T17:27:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6564/
What determines productivity dynamics at the firm level? Evidence from Spain
Stucchi, Rodolfo
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
L60 - General
The current literature on firm dynamics considers the mobility of firms within the productivity distribution to be determined by exogenous random shocks. This paper evaluates human capital and learning by doing as possible factors determining the mobility once the exogenous shocks have taken place. The main contribution of the paper is to provide evidence on the endogenous mobility of firms within the productivity distribution.
2007-10-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6564/1/MPRA_paper_6564.pdf
Stucchi, Rodolfo (2007): What determines productivity dynamics at the firm level? Evidence from Spain.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7068
2019-09-27T21:28:20Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7068/
On the Commensurability of Directional Distance Functions
Salnykov, Mykhaylo
Zelenyuk, Valentin
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
Shephard’s distance functions are widely used instruments for characterizing technology and
for estimating efficiency in contemporary economic theory and practice. Recently, they have
been generalized by the Luenberger shortage function, or Chambers-Chung-Färe directional
distance function. In this study, we explore a very important property of an economic
measure known as commensurability or independence of units of measurement up to scalar
transformation. Our study discovers both negative and positive results for this property in the
context of the directional distance function, which in turn helps us narrow down the most
critical issue for this function in practice—the choice of direction of measurement.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7068/1/MPRA_paper_7068.pdf
Salnykov, Mykhaylo and Zelenyuk, Valentin (2005): On the Commensurability of Directional Distance Functions. Published in: Techinical Report of Statistical Institute of UCL (2005)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7181
2019-09-26T21:55:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3235
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463233
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3831
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7181/
Productivity, Multinationals and Knowledge Spillovers: Evidence from the UK Retail Sector
Anon-Higon, Dolores
Vasilakos, Nicholas
L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business
L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade ; e-Commerce
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This paper discusses the impact of foreign-ownership presence on the productivity performance of domestically-owned British retailers. In specific, we investigate the existence of productivity spillovers in the form of knowledge transfer. To guide our estimations, we develop a simple Hotelling model in which we show how the transfer of operational knowledge from MNE to non-MNE retailers, may result to an increase in the productivity of the latter and increased economic activity in the regions with relatively higher concentration of foreign investment. Our empirical estimations lend support to the assumptions upon which the theoretical model is built, while confirming the positive and highly significant impact of these spillovers on the productivity performance of domestic firms. More specifically, using data from the Annual Respondent Dataset (ARD), we find that positive spillovers exist but are mostly confined to the region in which foreign subsidiaries locate. Furthermore, the productivity benefit from regional FDI spillovers increases with the absorptive capacity of domestic retailers.
2008-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7181/1/MPRA_paper_7181.pdf
Anon-Higon, Dolores and Vasilakos, Nicholas (2008): Productivity, Multinationals and Knowledge Spillovers: Evidence from the UK Retail Sector.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7184
2019-10-05T09:45:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483534
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523132
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7184/
Industrial Activity in Indian States: The Role of Infrastructure
Dutta, Jayasri
Horsewood, Nicholas
Vasilakos, Nicholas
H54 - Infrastructures ; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
We use panel data for fourteen Indian states to assess the influence of public infrastructure on industrial activity, namely productivity, employment, real wages and investment, at the state level and over the period 1974-1998. Our results indicate that the length of national highways has on average the greatest impact on each of the four measures of industrial activity. While the length of national highways and electricity generating capacity are found to be important determinants of state real wages and productivity, total highway length is a key variable in determining the level of investment in fixed capital in each state.
2007-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7184/1/MPRA_paper_7184.pdf
Dutta, Jayasri and Horsewood, Nicholas and Vasilakos, Nicholas (2007): Industrial Activity in Indian States: The Role of Infrastructure.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7273
2019-09-26T09:15:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463233
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7273/
Foreign direct investment in Vietnam: Is there any evidence of technological spillover effects
Nguyen, Anh Ngoc
Nguyen, Thang
Le, Dang Trung
Pham, Quang Ngoc
Nguyen, Dinh Chuc
Nguyen, Duc Nhat
F15 - Economic Integration
F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
In the context of integrating more deeply into the world economy the Vietnamese policy makers have undertaken several measures to attract foreign direct investment to the country, with the culmination of FDI inflows in 2007 reaching over USD 20 billion, an increase of 69% over 2006. The policy has been taken on the ground that the FDI inflows will create employment and bring along the much needed technological advances, which will spill over to domestic firms. In this paper, we use a firm-level panel data constructed from the Census 2000-2005 to investigate not only the horizontal spillovers but also the backward and forward linkages. Adding to the current literature which focused mainly on the spillovers in the manufacturing sector, our paper provide the first estimates of the spillover effects in the service sector (at least in the context of developing countries). We also distinguish between the horizontal output spillovers (which capture demonstration effects and competition effects) and the horizontal employment spillover (which captures the labour mobility effect). The results obtained from our regression models are mixed. Different channels of spillovers are at work for the manufacturing and the service sectors. We find evidence of the positive backward technological spillovers for the manufacturing and positive horizontal spillovers for the service sector.
2008-01-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7273/1/MPRA_paper_7273.pdf
Nguyen, Anh Ngoc and Nguyen, Thang and Le, Dang Trung and Pham, Quang Ngoc and Nguyen, Dinh Chuc and Nguyen, Duc Nhat (2008): Foreign direct investment in Vietnam: Is there any evidence of technological spillover effects.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7407
2019-09-27T00:24:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453235
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7407/
Aggregate Productivity Loss and the Theil Index of Inequality
Aoki, Shuhei
E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This paper suggests that the difference in the Theil indices of inequality between two economies approximately measures the relative loss of aggregate productivity caused by distortions in labor allocation. Moreover, the Theil index itself can be interpreted approximately as the possible maximum loss of aggregate productivity caused by these distortions.
2008-03-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7407/1/MPRA_paper_7407.pdf
Aoki, Shuhei (2008): Aggregate Productivity Loss and the Theil Index of Inequality.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7567
2019-10-06T06:49:59Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3233
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7567/
Quality and work organization with advanced automation in Portugal
Pereira, Zulema
Kovács, Ilona
Moniz, António
L23 - Organization of Production
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
O14 - Industrialization ; Manufacturing and Service Industries ; Choice of Technology
In this paper it is analysed the relationships between work organisation and quality systems in firms that uses some forms of advanced automation. Are characterised the existing quality control structures in the Portuguese industry, and the main factors that hidden or fosters the development of sociotechnical methods of quality control organisation strategies. Are analysed some industrial cases that explains more clearly the critical issues of the implementation of quality systems and work organisation systems. A few recommendations are given about the possibilities for the development of new forms of work organisation and the quality systems associated to automated manufacturing systems.
1994-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7567/1/MPRA_paper_7567.pdf
Pereira, Zulema and Kovács, Ilona and Moniz, António (1994): Quality and work organization with advanced automation in Portugal. Published in: KIDD, P.T.; KARWOWSKI, W. (eds.), Advances in Agile Manufacturing: Integrating Technology, Organization and People, Amsterdam, IOS Press (July 1994): pp. 675-679.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7967
2019-09-29T04:31:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7967/
Межотраслевой анализ эффективности промышленности Украины
Goncharuk, Anatoliy G.
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
L60 - General
The paper states empirical results of inter-branch research of efficiency of the industry of Ukraine as the first and one of the basic stages of the three-level analysis of efficiency (Goncharuk 2007). By results of the analysis groups of high, low and medium efficient industries are determined. Dynamics of efficiency and impact of major factors on it are revealed.
2008-03-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7967/1/MPRA_paper_7967.pdf
Goncharuk, Anatoliy G. (2008): Межотраслевой анализ эффективности промышленности Украины.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7969
2019-09-26T10:52:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30:5A3030
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7969/
DEVELOPPEMENT D’UN MODÈLE D’ESTIMATION DES COÛTS D’ASSEMBLAGES SOUDÉS
Hachicha, Wafik
Z00 - General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
Estimating the manufacturing cost is a critical task with high importance to industrial firms. The cost estimating can drive bidding strategies, management of resources, production policies and other issues crucial to the economic success of the company. Essentially, cost estimation should be quick and accurate.
There are three main approaches towards cost estimation: estimation based on past experience (variant cost estimation), estimation based on explicit cost computations (analytical method) and parametric cost estimation. However, the most accurate cost estimates are made using the analytical approach. Among the many methods for cost estimating are those based on knowledge bases, features, operations, physical relationships and similarity laws.
The aim of this study is to estimate different cost for the specific field of arc welding. It deals with assembly modeling welding. To do this, we have proposed a new application of feature: welding feature and preparation feature. This concept is based on the decomposition of the product in features.
The proposed model presents a combination of two variants approach cost estimation based on characteristics of product and on manufacturing activity of process:
• First, we developed an analytical method in order to estimate the welding time by determining the weight of the weld and this for each feature. Besides, we estimate others consumptions: gas, electrode and electrical power.
• Second, we used parametric cost estimation for cost formulation due to deferent “feature cost” which compose the process of welding: Edge preparation (chamfering, bevel machining, grinding etc.), welding. This concept inquires the appropriate choice of the indicator.
We have developed a database with Microsoft Access in order to estimate cost welding which use our model. This application, named SOUDABASE, helps in estimating welding time and cost. It will allow a relative novice to understand the effects of welding variables on production costs. Finally, we tested SOUDABASE application with industrial examples and we released a comparative study with DEVISOUD application proposed by CETIM, Senlis France in order to validate our model.
2004-07-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7969/1/MPRA_paper_7969.pdf
Hachicha, Wafik (2004): DEVELOPPEMENT D’UN MODÈLE D’ESTIMATION DES COÛTS D’ASSEMBLAGES SOUDÉS.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8010
2019-10-03T04:06:31Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8010/
Межотраслевой анализ эффективности промышленности Украины
Goncharuk, Anatoliy G.
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
L60 - General
The paper states empirical results of inter-branch research of efficiency of the industry of Ukraine as the first and one of the basic stages of the three-level analysis of efficiency (Goncharuk 2007). By results of the analysis groups of high, low and medium efficient industries are determined. Dynamics of efficiency and impact of major factors on it are revealed.
2008-03-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8010/1/MPRA_paper_8010.pdf
Goncharuk, Anatoliy G. (2008): Межотраслевой анализ эффективности промышленности Украины.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8215
2019-09-29T04:37:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3233
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8215/
Quality and work organization with advanced automation in Portugal
Pereira, Zulema
Kovács, Ilona
Moniz, António
L23 - Organization of Production
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
O14 - Industrialization ; Manufacturing and Service Industries ; Choice of Technology
In this paper it is analysed the relationships between work organisation and quality systems in firms that uses some forms of advanced automation. Are characterised the existing quality control structures in the Portuguese industry, and the main factors that hidden or fosters the development of sociotechnical methods of quality control organisation strategies. Are analysed some industrial cases that explains more clearly the critical issues of the implementation of quality systems and work organisation systems. A few recommendations are given about the possibilities for the development of new forms of work organisation and the quality systems associated to automated manufacturing systems.
1994-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8215/1/MPRA_paper_8215.pdf
Pereira, Zulema and Kovács, Ilona and Moniz, António (1994): Quality and work organization with advanced automation in Portugal. Published in: KIDD, P.T.; KARWOWSKI, W. (eds.), Advances in Agile Manufacturing: Integrating Technology, Organization and People, Amsterdam, IOS Press (July 1994): pp. 675-679.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8243
2019-10-09T04:45:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453232
7375626A656374733D45:4530:453031
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8243/
Aggregation of Producer Durables with Exogenous Technical Change and Endogenous Useful lives
Bitros, George C.
E22 - Investment ; Capital ; Intangible Capital ; Capacity
E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth ; Environmental Accounts
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
B41 - Economic Methodology
The received theory of aggregation has been erected on certain fundamental hypotheses. One of them is that producer durables deteriorate exponentially, which implies that their replace-ment is proportional to the corresponding capital stocks. However the proportionality hypothesis conflicts with most of the available theoretical and empirical evidence. So an effort to relax it is long overdue. To this end the present paper investigates the conditions for consistent aggregation in a two-sector vintage capital model with exogenous technological change and endogenous use-ful lives. In the model aggregation is achieved by adaptation of the procedure first suggested by Haavelmo (1960). From the simulations of the solution with data from the United States in the post-war period it is found that the conventional approach to aggregation may be responsible for significant biases in the measurement of the economy-wide capital stock.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8243/1/MPRA_paper_8243.pdf
Bitros, George C. (2008): Aggregation of Producer Durables with Exogenous Technical Change and Endogenous Useful lives.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8304
2019-09-28T11:09:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3134
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8304/
Corporate culture and shareholder value in banking industry
Carretta, Alessandro
Farina, Vincenzo
Fiordelisi, Franco
Schwizer, Paola
M14 - Corporate Culture ; Diversity ; Social Responsibility
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages
This paper analyses the casual relationship between corporate culture and shareholder value using a sample of large banks in the French, German, Italian and U.K. banking systems over the 2000 to 2003 period. Firstly, we measure shareholder value using an Economic Value Added estimated through a procedure tailored to account for banking peculiarities. Secondly, we measure corporate culture using language as its particular artifact and developing a cultural survey based on the application of a text-analysis model to a corpus of reference texts produced by the sample of banks. We posit six hypotheses regarding the relationship between corporate culture and bank profits and shareholder value. Our results noticeably show that bank profits and shareholder value benefit from different orientations of banking corporate culture.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8304/1/MPRA_paper_8304.pdf
Carretta, Alessandro and Farina, Vincenzo and Fiordelisi, Franco and Schwizer, Paola (2006): Corporate culture and shareholder value in banking industry.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8620
2019-09-27T15:41:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8620/
Evaluating the Effect of a Policy Change to Hospital Productivity: 80 Hours Work Restriction on Medical Residents
Fernandez, Jose
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This paper uses a two-year panel dataset on hospitals from the American Hospital Association (AHA) to evaluate the effect a policy change has on the marginal product of medical residents. A weighted 2SLS approach is used to estimate a semi-parametric production function. A policy restricting medical residents to work no more than 80 hours
a week is found to result in a net loss of 14 inpatient days per resident annually, which is not statistically different from zero. In addition, the model presented in this paper performs better than past models when estimating first-order effects of inputs in the hospital
production function.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8620/2/MPRA_paper_8620.pdf
Fernandez, Jose (2006): Evaluating the Effect of a Policy Change to Hospital Productivity: 80 Hours Work Restriction on Medical Residents.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8645
2019-10-01T13:08:38Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8645/
Destekleme ve Teknoloji Politikalarının Çukurova Bölgesinde Mısır Tarımı Üzerine Etkisi
Aktas, Erkan
Yurdakul, Oğuz
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
In this study, corn farms in Çukurova Region were analyzed based on crop questionnaires obtained from 148 farms. Input costs and gross margins per hectare were calculated for both primary and second crop corn grown in the region. A “Translog Cost Function” was fitted to the data in order to analyze regional input demand. Further, a supply model was constructed for corn crop and short run effects of Bt corn seed use in the region was analyzed.
Results indicate that input demands were inelastic with respect to prices. However, machinery rent costs, pesticide and fertilizer were found more elastic than the other inputs. Therefore those inputs should be given more attention, when developing agricultural product policies for corn farming.
It was also estimated in this study that, when Bt seeds are used in second crop corn farming in Çukurova Region, gross margins of the farmers would increase by 71.4 percent. Under this assumptions, wheat plus second crop corn farming would be a more profitable production alternative.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8645/1/MPRA_paper_8645.pdf
Aktas, Erkan and Yurdakul, Oğuz (2005): Destekleme ve Teknoloji Politikalarının Çukurova Bölgesinde Mısır Tarımı Üzerine Etkisi. Published in: Journol of Agricultural Faculty, University of Cukurova , Vol. 20(2), (2005): pp. 19-28.
tr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8715
2019-09-29T06:23:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C30:4C3030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8715/
The return to the technological frontier: The conditional effect of plants’ R&D on their productivity in Finnish manufacturing
Böckerman, Petri
Eero, Lehto
Huovari, Janne
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
L00 - General
This paper examines, through the use of plant-level data, whether R&D’s productivity impact is contingent on the distance of a plant’s productivity from the industry’s technological frontier. R&D is specified as an accumulated stock from R&D investments. We analyse the productivity effect of a plant’s own R&D as well as the productivity impact of the plant’s parent firm’s and other firms’ proximity-weighted R&D stocks. The results show that a plant’s own and a parent firm’s R&D have a positive productivity impact and that the former impact decreases as the distance from the industry’s technological frontier increases. Furthermore, the productivity effect of other firms’ proximity-weighted R&D is, on average, positive, but this impact increases in the distance from the technological frontier. Another important finding is that all the plants tend to converge towards the industry’s technological frontier despite the size of external R&D spillovers.
2008-05-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8715/1/MPRA_paper_8715.pdf
Böckerman, Petri and Eero, Lehto and Huovari, Janne (2008): The return to the technological frontier: The conditional effect of plants’ R&D on their productivity in Finnish manufacturing.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8872
2020-06-28T12:26:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8872/
The first 100 days of COVID-19 coronavirus – How efficient did country health systems perform to flatten the curve in the first wave?
Breitenbach, Marthinus C
Ngobeni, Victor
Ayte, Goodness
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
I10 - General
In this novel paper, we make use of a non-parametric method known as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to analyse the 31 most infected countries during the first 100 days since the outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus for the efficiency in containing the spread of the virus – a question yet to be answered in the literature. Our model showed 12 of the 31 countries in our sample were efficient and 19 inefficient in the use of resources to manage the flattening of their COVID-19 contagion curves. Among the worst performers were some of the richest countries in the world, Germany, Canada, the USA and Austria, with efficiency between 50 and 60 per cent - more inefficient than Italy, France and Belgium, who were some of those hardest hit by the spread of the virus.
2020-05-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8872/1/MPRA_paper_8872.pdf
Breitenbach, Marthinus C and Ngobeni, Victor and Ayte, Goodness (2020): The first 100 days of COVID-19 coronavirus – How efficient did country health systems perform to flatten the curve in the first wave?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8930
2019-09-27T10:58:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
7375626A656374733D4E:4E30:4E3030
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3332
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8930/
Knowledge Management through the Lens of Innovation and Labour Productivity in a Knowledge Based Economy
Constantinescu, Madalina
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
N00 - General
O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
L60 - General
The 21st century brings along the recognition for the necessity to understand and measure the activity of knowledge management, for which reason organizations and system organizations, together with decisional governmental factors, do their best in order to develop policies that would promote these benefits. Knowledge management (KM) implies any activity regarding the capture and the diffusion of knowledge within the organization. In our study we analyze the impacts and dimensions of KM upon the innovation and labour productivity within the organization, and how KM affects the firm’s innovative performance. A key component of knowledge management is to provide access to stored knowledge components to improve decision making and to facilitate knowledge acquisition by the user.
2008-06-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8930/1/MPRA_paper_8930.pdf
Constantinescu, Madalina (2008): Knowledge Management through the Lens of Innovation and Labour Productivity in a Knowledge Based Economy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8999
2019-10-04T16:27:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8999/
Optimal Allocation of Physical and Skills Capital in Services Production
Gupta, Abhay
L8 - Industry Studies: Services
E23 - Production
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
”Software/ Skills” capital differs from usual physical capital (or hard-
ware) in the sense that it is non-rival and can be replicated at a cost (e.g.
patent fee or training costs). A basic model of production is developed which
involves production sector and training or replication sector (which produces
skills).
Using a 2 period production model, the paper finds that in sectors where
the objective is output maximization (e.g. government services or health
care) -
There exists an optimal ratio of investment in physical capital and in-
vestment in skills-capital depending on the state of technology and already
existing stocks.
In a capital-rich economy, a higher proportion of skills is allocated to pro-
duction sector and a higher proportion of investment is allocated to training
sector compared to capital-scarce economy .
During high-investment periods, a higher share of investment goes to physical
capital while a lower share of skills goes into production sector (compared to
low-investment period).
Initial stock of skills, does not have any affect on these allocation-ratios.
2007-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8999/1/MPRA_paper_8999.pdf
Gupta, Abhay (2007): Optimal Allocation of Physical and Skills Capital in Services Production.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9097
2019-10-03T22:51:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433637
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433532
7375626A656374733D51:5131
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D43:4331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9097/
The Application of Robust Regression to a Production Function Comparison – the Example of Swiss Corn
Finger, Robert
Hediger, Werner
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
C67 - Input-Output Models
C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
Q1 - Agriculture
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
The adequate representation of crop response functions is crucial for agri-environmental modeling and analysis. So far, the evaluation of such functions focused on the comparison of different functional forms. The perspective is expanded in this article by considering an alternative regression method. This is motivated by the fact that exceptional crop yield observations (outliers) can cause misleading results if least squares regression is applied. We show that such outliers are adequately treated if robust regression is used instead. The example of simulated Swiss corn yields shows that the use of robust regression narrows the range of optimal input levels across different functional forms and reduces potential costs of misspecification.
2007-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9097/4/MPRA_paper_9097.pdf
Finger, Robert and Hediger, Werner (2007): The Application of Robust Regression to a Production Function Comparison – the Example of Swiss Corn.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9257
2019-10-08T04:55:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9257/
Estimation of semiparametric stochastic frontiers under shape constraints with application to pollution generating technologies
Kortelainen, Mika
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
A number of studies have explored the semi- and nonparametric estimation of stochastic
frontier models by using kernel regression or other nonparametric smoothing techniques.
In contrast to popular deterministic nonparametric estimators, these approaches do not
allow one to impose any shape constraints (or regularity conditions) on the frontier
function. On the other hand, as many of the previous techniques are based on the
nonparametric estimation of the frontier function, the convergence rate of frontier
estimators can be sensitive to the number of inputs, which is generally known as “the
curse of dimensionality” problem. This paper proposes a new semiparametric approach
for stochastic frontier estimation that avoids the curse of dimensionality and allows one to
impose shape constraints on the frontier function. Our approach is based on the singleindex
model and applies both single-index estimation techniques and shape-constrained
nonparametric least squares. In addition to production frontier and technical efficiency
estimation, we show how the technique can be used to estimate pollution generating
technologies. The new approach is illustrated by an empirical application to the
environmental adjusted performance evaluation of U.S. coal-fired electric power plants.
2008-06-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9257/1/MPRA_paper_9257.pdf
Kortelainen, Mika (2008): Estimation of semiparametric stochastic frontiers under shape constraints with application to pollution generating technologies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9360
2019-10-02T21:52:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3431
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453233
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483532
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9360/
Education, innovation and economic growth in Cameroon
Ngwa Edielle, T. H. Jackson
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
E23 - Production
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
The main objective of this paper is to evaluate technologically (innovation or imitation) the role of human capital in Cameroon as far as economic
growth is concerned. Higher education is designed to be the main technological aspect of human capital. Theoretically, the stock of knowledge available
in a country determines through innovation productivity growth. In that way, we use a Vector Error Correction model (VECM) to evaluate the impact of
human capital on productivity growth. Productivity is approximated by the Total factors Productivity (TFP) evaluated by growth accounting method.
Our estimates show that direct effect of human capital on TFP growth between 1960 and 2001 is greater than innovation capability (Higher education
expenses) effect and less than imitation capability effect through imports. In contrary, indirect effect of human capital through foreign investments
is the most important. For a given foreign investment, a 1\% increase in human capital stock in Cameroon improves productivity up to 28.5\%.
2005-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9360/1/MPRA_paper_9360.pdf
Ngwa Edielle, T. H. Jackson (2005): Education, innovation and economic growth in Cameroon.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9563
2019-09-27T09:01:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3635
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463138
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3631
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D44:4434
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9563/
Imposing a unilateral carbon constraint on European energy-intensive industries and its impact on their international competitiveness - data & analysis
Bergmann, Manfred
Schmitz, Andreas
Hayden, Mark
Kosonen, Katri
L65 - Chemicals ; Rubber ; Drugs ; Biotechnology
F18 - Trade and Environment
L61 - Metals and Metal Products ; Cement ; Glass ; Ceramics
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
This paper investigates the implications of EU climate change policy for energy intensive
industries. Specifically, it calculates, for a range of energy-intensive processes and products,
the product price increases that would be required to maintain unit profits at present levels,
based on likely values of allowance prices in the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme
up to 2020. For most of the energy- and carbon-intensive products considered here, an
allowance price of €20 per tonne of carbon dioxide would require price increases of between
0.1 to 5% to maintain profits, assuming full pass-through of the allowance price along the
value chain. Doubling the allowance price to €40/tonne would double the required increase.
The activities that risk being most challenged by the carbon constraint appear to be container
glass production using virgin inputs, primary aluminium production, primary steel production
based on the basic oxygen furnace process, and some basic chemicals production. However,
the analysis has also shown that for many of these cases alternative production processes
exist, based on recycled inputs, for example. The cement sector, although very energy- and
carbon-intensive, is relatively little exposed to international competition.
Indeed, the paper also investigates in how far it would be possible for the affected activities to
pass through cost increases to their clients, by analysing their exposure to domestic and
international competition. It concludes that the sectors analysed are typically relatively highly
concentrated (sometimes even at the world level) and form parts of vertically integrated and
locally-clustered value chains. This tends to increase market entry and exit barriers and, thus,
to reduce the risk of large output losses and delocalisation.
2007-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9563/1/MPRA_paper_9563.pdf
Bergmann, Manfred and Schmitz, Andreas and Hayden, Mark and Kosonen, Katri (2007): Imposing a unilateral carbon constraint on European energy-intensive industries and its impact on their international competitiveness - data & analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9797
2019-09-27T10:13:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453232
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9797/
An Empirical Model of Factor Adjustment Dynamics
Contreras, Juan
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
E22 - Investment ; Capital ; Intangible Capital ; Capacity
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
J23 - Labor Demand
L60 - General
This paper investigates how firms dynamically adjust their use of capital, labor, energy, and materials when there are both smooth and lumpy adjustment possibilities and interrelation among adjustments. The Colombian Annual Census of Manufacturing provides evidence of these kinds of adjustment. The innovation of this paper lies in three areas: in considering the joint adjustment and interrelation of labor and capital at the establishment level; in describing the dynamic adjustment of all the production factors; and in a rich description of adjustment costs, which includes disruption of the production process and reallocation of internal resources, and fixed costs of installing capital and creating or discontinuing a job vacancy. The model also includes both a convex cost component, aimed at capturing smooth adjustments, and congestion effects, which means that it is more costly for firms to adjust capital and labor at the same time than it is to adjust them separately. Using a simulated method of moments, the study finds empirical support for the existence of disruption costs for capital and labor, the existence of convex costs for capital but not for labor, and the existence of congestion effects. An important implication of the model is that, in response to shocks, firms decide to adjust either capital or labor alone or both, depending on the initial capital to labor ratio and the magnitude of the shocks.
2006-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9797/1/MPRA_paper_9797.pdf
Contreras, Juan (2006): An Empirical Model of Factor Adjustment Dynamics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10202
2019-09-27T18:50:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4430
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443436
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10202/
The Labour Theory of Value: A Marginal Analysis
Hagendorf, Klaus
D0 - General
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
D46 - Value Theory
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
The difficulties of the classical and Marxian labour theory of value are overcome when labour is measured in terms of marginal labour value. Marginal labour value is the inverse of the marginal productivity of labour. Relative prices are equal to the ratio of marginal labour
values. This article presents the marginal approach to the labour theory of value.
2008-08-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10202/1/MPRA_paper_10202.pdf
Hagendorf, Klaus (2008): The Labour Theory of Value: A Marginal Analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10316
2019-09-26T08:46:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10316/
Indian Economy - TFP or Factor Accumulation: A Comprehensive Growth Accounting Exercise
Gupta, Abhay
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
O53 - Asia including Middle East
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
Constructing data series from various sources, I do comprehensive growth accounting for the Indian Economy. Without accounting for human capital, total factor productivity differences over time accounts for 48% to 69% of output variation. TFP growth accounts for 35% to 70% of the total GDP growth between 1960 and 2004 depending on measure of human capital. Even after using the Mincer wage regression coefficients, TFP growth still remains significant in explaining the output growth.
Starting from a modest rate in 60s Productivity growth dipped and became negative in 70s. This productivity growth rate started accelerating in 80s (much before the reform-period of early 90s) and is estimated between 3% and 4.5% in 2000s. Variance decomposition of growth rates show negative relation because input and output growth accelerated in different periods. Capital-Output ratio seems to transition from one-steady state to another. Capital-per-Worker has reached a constant rate of growth.
Accounting estimates, decompositions and period-wise trends point toward Indian growth being triggered by overall efficiency improvement (TFP) rather than input accumulation growth.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10316/1/MPRA_paper_10316.pdf
Gupta, Abhay (2007): Indian Economy - TFP or Factor Accumulation: A Comprehensive Growth Accounting Exercise.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11380
2019-09-27T17:06:23Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11380/
Productivity Growth, Technical Progress and Efficiency Change in African Agriculture
Nkamleu, Guy Blaise
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
The paper examines the economic performance of a large
number of African countries using an international comparable data set and the latest technique for analysis. The paper focuses on growth in total factor productivity and its decomposition into technical change and efficiency change components. The analysis is undertaken using the data envelopment analysis (DEA). The present study uses data of 16 countries over the period 1970–2001. It was found that, globally, during that period, total factor productivity has experienced a positive evolution in sampled countries. This good performance of the agricultural sector was due to good progress in technical efficiency rather than technical progress. The region suffered a regression in productivity in the 1970s, and made some progress during the 1980s and 1990s. The study also highlights the fact that technical change has been the main constraint of achievement of high levels of total factor productivity during the reference period in sub-Saharan Africa. Contrariwise, in Maghreb countries, technological change has been the main driving force of productivity growth. Finally, the results indicate that institutional factors as well as agro-ecological factors are important determinants of agricultural productivity growth.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11380/1/MPRA_paper_11380.pdf
Nkamleu, Guy Blaise (2003): Productivity Growth, Technical Progress and Efficiency Change in African Agriculture.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11410
2019-09-29T23:16:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3433
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11410/
How Do Firing Costs Affect Innovation and Growth when Workers' Ability is Unknown? – Employment Protection as a Burden on a Firm's Screening Process
Berdugo, Binyamin
Hadad, Sharon
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
O43 - Institutions and Growth
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This paper analyzes the implication of employment protection legislation on a firm's screening process. We present a model in which human-capital-intensive firms (high-tech) with imperfect information about their workers' type attempt during a trial period to identify those incompetent workers who they will subsequently dismiss. Employment protection measures, however, place a burden on this screening process and thereby motivate innovators to embark on medium-tech projects which are more flexible in their human capital requirements. Employment protection legislation thereby distorts the pattern of specialization in favor of medium-tech firms rather than high-tech firms and consequently slows down the process of economic growth. The results of the paper are consistent with documented data on Europe versus US productivity growth and specialization patterns as well as with employment protection legislation in those economies.
2008-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11410/1/MPRA_paper_11410.pdf
Berdugo, Binyamin and Hadad, Sharon (2008): How Do Firing Costs Affect Innovation and Growth when Workers' Ability is Unknown? – Employment Protection as a Burden on a Firm's Screening Process.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11437
2019-09-30T19:52:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11437/
The work volume reflection in the profit’s mass
Caruntu, Constantin
Lăpăduşi, Mihaela Loredana
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
At microeconomic level, labour productivity is accepted as a possibility of the man power to produce in a certain period of time, a certain amount of goods (to make a certain volume of works or services).
The reflection of work volume in the profit mass provides a company’s activity reliability, based on economic rationality.
2008-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11437/1/MPRA_paper_11437.pdf
Caruntu, Constantin and Lăpăduşi, Mihaela Loredana (2008): The work volume reflection in the profit’s mass.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11759
2019-09-26T15:58:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423130
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443436
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11759/
A Note on Ronald Meek's 'Studies in the Labour Theory of Value'
Hagendorf, Klaus
B10 - General
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
D46 - Value Theory
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
Ronald Meek has (deliberately) ignored a very important discovery of Jevons. When labour is measured in terms of marginal labour values prices are proportional to these values and commodities exchange accordingly. This has been rediscovered by Soviet economists and that has been published in the JEL in the 70ies. Furthermore it is shown that under neoclassical assumptions the vector of marginal labour values is equal to the Sraffian vector of quantities of dated labour.
2006-09-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11759/1/MPRA_paper_11759.pdf
Hagendorf, Klaus (2006): A Note on Ronald Meek's 'Studies in the Labour Theory of Value'.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11763
2019-09-27T08:37:51Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423132
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423133
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11763/
On Working and Circulating Capital
Meacci, Ferdinando
B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Stockholm School)
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the terms “working” and “circulating” capital are two different terms for the same concept; or whether they should be considered two different terms for two different concepts. This purpose will be carried out in two steps. The first is devoted to an investigation of the use of the term “working” by the German economist Lowe (The Path of Economic Growth) and by some Austrian economists (Menger, Böhm-Bawerk, Hayek). The second is devoted to Keynes (A Treatise on Money). At the end of each step an assessment is made of the use of this term by these economists with an extension to the relationship between Lowe’s and Keynes’s treatment of their notion of working capital and two preceding streams of thought. These relationships run between Lowe and the Austrians, in the first case; and between Keynes and the classics (in Marx's sense), in the second. These assessments will eventually converge towards the conclusion that the terms “circulating” and “working” capital are not two different terms for the same notion; and that these two notions are different because they belong to two different theories and require two different methods. The paper argues that the two theories are the classical theory of reproduction and the modern theory of fluctuations as a special branch of the modern theory of production; while the two methods are the method of vertical integration and the method of horizontal integration. The identification of these theories and methods will be pursued more keenly than the differentiation of the two notions of “working” and “circulating” capital in that the aim of this paper is not to resort to the “bestiary” of our subject as if it were a “taxonomy”, let alone to the “taxonomy” as if it were a “machine” (see Shackle: The Years of High Theory, 1967, p.293).
1997-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11763/1/MPRA_paper_11763.pdf
Meacci, Ferdinando (1997): On Working and Circulating Capital. Published in: Hagemann H., Kurz H. (eds), Political Economics In Retrospect: Essays in Memory of Adolph Lowe, Aldershot: Edward Elgar (1998): pp. 76-91.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11853
2019-09-26T22:13:41Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473332
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11853/
Financial consequences of the sales variation
Burja, Camelia
G32 - Financing Policy ; Financial Risk and Risk Management ; Capital and Ownership Structure ; Value of Firms ; Goodwill
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
The risk represents a continuously presence within the economical environment specific for one market economy, being an essential element for substantiating the economic decisions. The paper presents many analysis models for the operating risk based on studying the breakeven point, the positioning index and the elasticity coefficient. The analysis conclusions are stronger through studying the factors which influence the elasticity coefficient extend. The analysis is illustrated by an adequate study case.
2008-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11853/1/MPRA_paper_11853.pdf
Burja, Camelia (2008): Financial consequences of the sales variation. Published in: Proceedings International Conference on Applied Economics 2008 Kastoria Greece (May 2008): pp. 105-110.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12074
2019-09-30T09:49:31Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12074/
The decline in Italian productivity: a study in estimation of Total Factor Productivity with panel cointegration methods
Fachin, Stefano
Gavosto, Andrea
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
The main aim of this paper is to propose a method for obtaining estimates of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) trends (i) free from the restrictive
assumptions needed by traditional growth accounting and (ii) requiring only data on inputs and output flows. The approach proposed relies on recent developments in the analysis of non-stationary dependent panels. The ap-
plication to the Italian economy for the period 1981-2004, consistently with those obtained through traditional growth accounting methods, supports the view that the decline in Italian labour productivity has been mostly due to
a widespread fall in TFP growth. A simple regression points as main causes of this fall the completion of a factor reallocation process among industries
and capital types.
2007-05-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12074/2/MPRA_paper_12074.pdf
Fachin, Stefano and Gavosto, Andrea (2007): The decline in Italian productivity: a study in estimation of Total Factor Productivity with panel cointegration methods.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12126
2019-09-26T13:34:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473231
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12126/
Market Structure and Competition in Emerging Market: Evidence from Malaysian Islamic Banking Industry
Abdul Majid, Muhamed Zulkhibri
Sufian, Fadzlan
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages
L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
This paper investigates the market structure of Islamic banking industry in Malaysia during 2001-2005 and evaluates the degree of competition using the H-statistic by Panzar and Rosse (1987). The estimated H-statistics for the whole sample periods are positive ranging from 0.38 to 0.62 and the Wald test for the market structure of monopoly or perfect competition is rejected implying that the Islamic banks in Malaysia earned their revenue in the condition of monopolistic competition.
2007-06-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12126/1/MPRA_paper_12126.pdf
Abdul Majid, Muhamed Zulkhibri and Sufian, Fadzlan (2007): Market Structure and Competition in Emerging Market: Evidence from Malaysian Islamic Banking Industry. Published in: Journal of Economic Cooperation , Vol. 2, No. 28 (2007): pp. 99-121.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12129
2019-09-28T08:04:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473334
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12129/
Efficiency and Bank Merger in Singapore: A Joint Estimation of Non-Parametric, Parametric and Financial Ratios Analysis
Sufian, Fadzlan
Abdul Majid, Muhamed Zulkhibri
Haron, Razali
G34 - Mergers ; Acquisitions ; Restructuring ; Corporate Governance
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages
This paper provides event study window analysis of pre- and post-merger bank performance in Singapore by employing Financial Ratio Analysis and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach. The findings from financial ratio analysis suggests that the merger has not resulted in a higher profitability of Singaporean banking groups post-merger, which could be attributed to the higher costs incurred. However, the merger has resulted in higher Singaporean banking groups’ mean overall efficiency. In most cases, the acquiring banks mean overall efficiency improved (deteriorates) post-merger resulting from merger with a more (less) efficient bank. Further, Tobit regression analysis is employed to explain changes in the efficiencies with the finding shows that, more efficient banks tend to maintain higher degree of capitalization, post higher profits and incur higher overhead costs.
2007-09-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12129/1/MPRA_paper_12129.pdf
Sufian, Fadzlan and Abdul Majid, Muhamed Zulkhibri and Haron, Razali (2007): Efficiency and Bank Merger in Singapore: A Joint Estimation of Non-Parametric, Parametric and Financial Ratios Analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12134
2019-09-29T13:07:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443138
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503137
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503238
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503231
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483532
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12134/
Perspective of agro-based industry of Tharparkar
Herani, Gobind M.
D18 - Consumer Protection
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
P17 - Performance and Prospects
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
P28 - Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This study is perspectives of agro-based industry of Tharparkar, and Third chapter of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. In this study perspectives of agro-based industry are discussed. Main topics of the study are: Crops, Non-crops, Livestock, Fishing, Poultry and Edible oil. Secondary data from different resources is collected to indicate the importance of agro-based industry. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of perspectives of the study for proper occlusions and recommendations for policy maker to get the Tharparkar better economically and socially. Study reveals that Thar depends on livestock and not corps People of Thar are poor and they have strong attachment with in the crops. In spite of uncertainty of rain people like it and take risk. Dairy products are not so income generating due the fact that milk taken out butter is used for personal nutrition and somewhat for saleable, there is no market for sale in villages. However poultry farm system does not exist only few people rare it in informal way. From all these discussion it is clear that only livestock is main agro-based industry and source of income. However in future if developed may increase income and alleviate poverty.
2008-12-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12134/1/MPRA_paper_12134.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2008): Perspective of agro-based industry of Tharparkar.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12135
2019-10-24T17:56:31Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12136
2019-10-02T04:48:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443138
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503137
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503238
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503231
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483532
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12136/
Brobles of agro based industry of Tharparkar and barrge area of Sindh
Herani, Gobind M.
D18 - Consumer Protection
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
P17 - Performance and Prospects
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
P28 - Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This study is about problems of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh, and fifth chapter of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. In this study problems faced by agro-based industry are discussed. Main topics of the study are: Crops, Non-crops, Livestock, Fishing, Poultry and Edible oil. Secondary data from different resources is collected to indicate the problems of agro-based industry. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of problems of the study for proper occlusions and recommendations for policy maker to get the Tharparkar better economically and socially. Study reveals that Thar depends on livestock and not corps People of Thar are poor and they have strong attachment with in the crops. In spite of uncertainty of rain people like it and take risk. Dairy products are not so income generating due to the fact that milk taken out butter is used for personal nutrition and somewhat for saleable; and there is no market for sale in villages. However poultry farm system does not exist only few people rare it in informal way. A barrage area is more developed than Thar. From all these discussions it is clear that only livestock is main agro-based industry and source of income for Thar. However in future if developed may increase income and alleviate poverty.
2008-12-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12136/1/MPRA_paper_12136.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2008): Brobles of agro based industry of Tharparkar and barrge area of Sindh.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12137
2019-09-29T14:00:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443138
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503137
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503238
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503231
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483532
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12137/
Importance of agro based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh
Herani, Gobind M.
D18 - Consumer Protection
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
P17 - Performance and Prospects
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
P28 - Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This study is about importance of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh, and sixth chapter of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. In this study importance of agro-based industry is discussed with reference of main topics of the study: Crops, Non-crops, and Livestock in detail. Secondary data from different resources is collected to indicate the importance of agro-based industry. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of importance of the study so that valuable findings be drawn and recommendations for policy maker to get the Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh to be better economically and socially. It is concluded that the scope of agro-based industry is too high, because of the fact that our country depends on agriculture. All branches of agro based industry are very important because they increase industrial products, provide employment, earn foreign exchange, increase income level and also provide employment to women and provide base for development for backward areas. At the same time reduces pressure of population and migration, distributes the Wealth properly and can be established with small capital. For this little imported inputs are required and no foreign investments or sophisticated technology is needed.
2008-12-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12137/1/MPRA_paper_12137.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2008): Importance of agro based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12138
2019-10-03T01:36:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443138
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503137
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513531
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503438
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433831
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12138/
Methods and procedurs of agro based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh
Herani, Gobind M.
D18 - Consumer Protection
P17 - Performance and Prospects
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
P48 - Political Economy ; Legal Institutions ; Property Rights ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Regional Studies
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data ; Data Access
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
B41 - Economic Methodology
This study is about research methodology and procedures adopted for the primary data of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh, and seventh chapter of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. In this study detail of the consolidated datta about the sample characteristics of this random sample survey are being given, collected through questionnaire, by poll questions about agro-based industry, and are analyzed by tabulation and charts. This data is primarily and is first ever study of Tharparkar on the subject. In giving the random sample characteristics, every attempt was made to give almost necessary information about the village farmers of the defined area out of which sampling was done. It is concluded from the study that in Thar livestock is sustainable source of income at first level and rangeland is at second level and crops are at third level. In barrage area crops are sustainable source of income at first level livestock is a at second level and rangeland is at third level this study will help to policy makers for further planning.
2008-12-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12138/1/MPRA_paper_12138.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2008): Methods and procedurs of agro based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12140
2019-10-21T01:56:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443138
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503531
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3530
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3330
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12140/
Comparision of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh
Herani, Gobind M.
D18 - Consumer Protection
R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
N30 - General, International, or Comparative
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This study is about comparison of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh, and eighth chapter of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. Demographic, social and economic conditions are compared with reference of primary and secondary data in detail. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of comparison so that valuable findings be drawn and recommendations made to policy maker for prosperity. On the completion of this comparative study it has been observed that: demographic condition shows that the growth of population is showing decreasing trend in 1998 as compared to the census of 1981, in both the areas of Thar and Barrage area. The Agro-based industries, in Barrage area of Sindh, are suitably developed. In this area irrigation is dependent on river Indus, but some times due to lack of rainfalls it suffers a little as happened during 1999-2000. But in terms of economy livestock in this area is constant due to availability of fodder. Thar lacks all these things. Tharparkar, with more rangeland, is much more suitable for livestock industry. Tharparkar requires further development of its livestock. Peoples need awareness about conservation of natural vegetation for their livestock.
2008-12-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12140/1/MPRA_paper_12140.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2008): Comparision of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12141
2019-10-02T06:46:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443138
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503531
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3530
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3330
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12141/
Agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh: Conclusion remarks
Herani, Gobind M.
D18 - Consumer Protection
R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
N30 - General, International, or Comparative
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This study is concluding the thesis about agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh, and ninth chapter of the Ph.D submitted in 2002. Demographic, social and economic conditions are compared and results of hypotheses are given theoretically with reference of primary and secondary data in detail. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of results of hypotheses and valuable findings. On the completion of this study it has been observed that both the given hypotheses are accepted. After the detailed study of the thesis it is concluded that: Thar at this time is disadvantaged district of Sindh province. It depends on rain and its reliable source of income is livestock. Agricultural crops are completely failed but Tharies like it. There is need of change crops to non-crops where ever it depends fully on rain. Fencing and reforming some acres of farmland at first time can save the natural vegetation, which is actual stock for fodder for present time and in long run too. It will give the fruits of non-crops and crops too. It also may prove honey farm at some level, if it is looked after and stocked.
2008-12-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12141/1/MPRA_paper_12141.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2008): Agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh: Conclusion remarks.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12143
2019-09-30T08:38:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443138
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503531
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3530
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3330
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12143/
Agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh: Solutions and suggested policy
Herani, Gobind M.
D18 - Consumer Protection
R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
N30 - General, International, or Comparative
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
In this study solutions and suggested policy of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh are given, and it is tenth chapter of the Ph.D submitted in 2002. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of solutions and recommendations. On the completion of this study and in the light of conclusions drawn it has been observed that to further develop agro-based industries in Thar and Barrage areas, it is necessary for the Government of Sindh to take steps for local organization and indigenous knowledge and leadership. The awareness of rangeland and livestock by the local organizations will help in the enhancement of all other agro-based industries. The development of agro-based industries in Thar will boost Sindh’s industrial economy. In order to alleviate poverty, it is also necessary that people be trained in the ways and means to develop their physical assets (land and livestock). In this way poverty will fall about 55 percent. For the development of Thar’s agro-based industries two formulas are suggested as bellow: A. Alleviation of poverty = Local Organizations + Livestock; B. Development of Thar = Local Organizations + Livestock + Roads + Electricity. For the achievement of purpose Proposed Immediate Measures, Medium and Long Term Measures should be taken.
2008-12-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12143/1/MPRA_paper_12143.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2008): Agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh: Solutions and suggested policy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12301
2019-09-27T12:53:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443138
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503137
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503238
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503231
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483532
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12301/
Perspectives of Agro-based Industry of Barrge Area of Sindh
Herani, Gobind M.
D18 - Consumer Protection
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
P17 - Performance and Prospects
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
P28 - Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This study is perspective of agro-based industry of Tharparkar, and fourth chapter of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. In this study perspective of agro-based industry is discussed. Main topics of the study are: Crops, Non-crops, Livestock, Fishing, Poultry and Edible oil. Secondary data from different resources is collected to indicate the perspectives of agro-based industry. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of perspectives of the study for proper occlusions and recommendations for policy maker to get the Tharparkar better economically and socially. Study reveals that Thar depends on livestock and not corps People of Thar are poor and they have strong attachment with in the crops. In spite of uncertainty of rain people like it and take risk. Dairy products are not so income generating due the fact that milk taken out butter is used for personal nutrition and somewhat for saleable, there is no market for sale in villages. However poultry farm system does not exist only few people rare it in informal way. From all these discussion it is clear that only livestock is main agro-based industry and source of income. However in future if developed may increase income and alleviate poverty.
2008-12-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12301/1/MPRA_paper_12301.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2008): Perspectives of Agro-based Industry of Barrge Area of Sindh.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12340
2019-09-26T23:59:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3635
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3230
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473334
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12340/
Global Competitiveness of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: Trends and Strategies
Pradhan, Jaya Prakash
L65 - Chemicals ; Rubber ; Drugs ; Biotechnology
O30 - General
L20 - General
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
G34 - Mergers ; Acquisitions ; Restructuring ; Corporate Governance
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
What are the trends in the global competitiveness of the Indian pharmaceutical industry? Where does this industry stand when compared to global peers on pharmaceutical value-added, productivity, research and development and trade performance? What are the new strategies that Indian pharmaceutical companies are adopting to become global players? These questions are addressed in this paper. It is found that strategic government policies were the main factors that transformed the status of the Indian pharmaceutical industry from a mere importer and distributor of drugs and pharmaceuticals to an innovation-driven cost-effective producer of quality drugs. India emerged as one of the fast growing pharmaceutical industry in the world with growing trade surpluses and exports. However, there are certain limitations that the government policies need to address, like low productivity and R&D intensity. A host of competitive strategies, like greenfield direct investment, overseas acquisitions, strategic alliances and contract manufacturing have emerged as favourites to Indian pharmaceutical firms recently.
2006-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12340/1/MPRA_paper_12340.pdf
Pradhan, Jaya Prakash (2006): Global Competitiveness of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: Trends and Strategies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12414
2019-09-26T15:20:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423231
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12414/
Derivation of the Hicks Elasticity of Substitution from the Input Distance Function
Stern, David I.
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
B21 - Microeconomics
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
The Hicks or direct elasticity of substitution is traditionally derived from the production function. This paper exploits duality theory to present a more general derivation from the input distance function, which is exactly dual to the Shadow Elasticity of Substitution. The new elasticity is more general than the traditional one as it can handle situations of technical inefficiency, nonseparability between inputs and outputs, and multiple outputs, but is equal to the traditional elasticity under the classical conditions. The new derivation is related to the Morishima and Antonelli Elasticities of Complementarity in the same way that the Shadow Elasticity of Substitution is related to the Morishima and Allen-Uzawa Elasticities of Substitution. Furthermore, distance (technical efficiency) is not constant for the Morishima and Antonelli Elasticities of Complementarity
2008-12-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12414/1/MPRA_paper_12414.pdf
Stern, David I. (2008): Derivation of the Hicks Elasticity of Substitution from the Input Distance Function.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12454
2019-09-26T10:21:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423231
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12454/
Elasticities of Substitution and Complementarity
Stern, David I
B21 - Microeconomics
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This paper develops a classification scheme of the many different definitions of elasticities of substitution and complementarity in the production case based on duality, gross and net substitution, elasticity type, and four different basic concepts of substitution and complementarity is developed. The classic Berndt-Wood dataset is used to show how the various elasticities differ. This variation is considerable and shows that the correct elasticity should be used for the intended purpose – there is no one true elasticity of substitution. The paper also reintroduces and clarifies Pigou’s contributions to the debate on the elasticity of substitution after seventy years of obscurity in which they have not been cited.
2008-12-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12454/1/MPRA_paper_12454.pdf
Stern, David I (2008): Elasticities of Substitution and Complementarity.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12758
2019-09-28T04:43:35Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453233
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12758/
Efficiency, Technological Progress and Regional Comparative Advantage: A Study of Organised Manufacturing Sector in India
Mukherjee, Dipa
Majumder, Rajarshi
E23 - Production
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
L60 - General
Technological upgradation and increasing capital intensity in organised manufacturing sector in India has been championed on grounds of improving productivity, efficiency, and competitiveness. In a developing economy this is a costly proposition due to capital scarcity, and the effect of technological changes on productivity and efficiency levels have to be estimated before taking such policies. This paper seeks to estimate trends in Factor Productivity, Technological Progress, and Technological Efficiency in this sector and examines their relative importance also. Technical Efficiency is observed to be moderate and further declining in the nineties. Substantial disparity exists among regions and product groups regarding Efficiency, Technical Progress and Efficiency changes. It is found that increasing capital intensity has been associated with falling productivity, efficiency, and technological deceleration in the nineties. Wider diffusion rather than greater capital use is thus recommended for productivity rise. Regional efficiency matrix is also prepared so that states can focus on specific areas where they have comparative advantages.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12758/1/MPRA_paper_12758.pdf
Mukherjee, Dipa and Majumder, Rajarshi (2008): Efficiency, Technological Progress and Regional Comparative Advantage: A Study of Organised Manufacturing Sector in India. Published in: Asia Pacific Development Journal , Vol. 14, No. 2
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13389
2019-09-30T12:38:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443436
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423231
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13389/
RESWITCHING AND DECREASING DEMAND FOR CAPITAL
Fratini, Saverio M.
D46 - Value Theory
B21 - Microeconomics
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
We consider a model of production with a continuum of linear techniques and examine the related choice of technique and shape of the demand for capital schedule. The primary conclusion regards the possibility of a decreasing demand for capital schedule combined with reswitching and reverse capital deepening.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13389/1/MPRA_paper_13389.pdf
Fratini, Saverio M. (2009): RESWITCHING AND DECREASING DEMAND FOR CAPITAL.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13701
2019-10-01T04:02:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453232
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443538
7375626A656374733D45:4531:453130
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453233
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13701/
The great dissolution: organization capital and diverging volatility puzzle
Che, Natasha Xingyuan
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
E22 - Investment ; Capital ; Intangible Capital ; Capacity
D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
E10 - General
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
E23 - Production
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
Most traditional explanations for the decreasing aggregate output volatility - so-called "Great Moderation" - fail to accommodate, or even directly contradict, another aspect of empirical data: the average sales volatility for publicly-traded US firms has been increasing during the same period. The paper aims to reconcile the opposite trends of firm-level and aggregate volatilities.
I argue that the rise of organization capital, or firm-specific intangible capital, is the origin of the volatility divergence. Firms in the modern economy have been investing heavily in intangible and organizational assets, such as R&D, management processes, intellectual property, software, and brand name - the "soft" capitals that distinguish a firm from the sum of its physical properties.
Most intangible assets are firm-specific, inseparable from the company that originally produced them, and difficult to trade on outside market. Investing in these organization-specific capitals insulates a firm from market-wide shocks, but introduces higher firm-specific risk that does not equally affect its peers. When value creation is increasingly relying on organization capital, the impact of idiosyncratic risk factor rises, while that of general risk factor declines. The former elevates firm-level volatility; the latter reduces aggregate volatility, mainly through weakening the positive co-movements among firms. Therefore, the decrease in aggregate output volatility is not because of less turbulent macro environment, but a result of more heterogeneity among production units. In this sense, the Great Moderation is rather a story of "Great Dissolution". It may indicate greater economic uncertainty faced by individual agents, instead of less.
My empirical investigation found that, consistent with the paper's hypotheses, firm-level volatility increases with organizational investment, but general factors' impact on firm performance and a firm's correlation with others decrease with organizational investment. Simulations of the general equilibrium model featuring organization capital investment are capable of replicating the volatility trends at both aggregate and firm level for the past two decades.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13701/1/MPRA_paper_13701.pdf
Che, Natasha Xingyuan (2009): The great dissolution: organization capital and diverging volatility puzzle.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13734
2019-09-26T18:43:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13734/
Interfuel Substitution: A Meta-Analysis
Stern, David I.
Q40 - General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
As is the case with capital-energy substitution, interfuel substitutability has been of longstanding interest to the energy economics and policy community. However, no quantitative meta-analysis has yet been carried out of this literature. This paper fills this gap by analyzing a broad sample of studies of interfuel substitution in the industrial sector, manufacturing industry or subindustries, or macro-economy of a variety of developed and developing economies. Publication bias is controlled for by including the primary study sample size and the influence factor of the journal in the meta-regression. Results for the shadow elasticity of substitution between coal, oil, gas, and electricity for forty-five primary studies show that there are easy substitution possibilities between all the fuel pairs with the exception of gas and electricity. Model and data specification issues very significantly affect the estimates derived by each individual study. While publication bias does not seem to be present there is a relationship between sample size and the value of the elasticities with larger sample studies finding greater values of the elasticities.
2009-03-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13734/2/MPRA_paper_13734.pdf
Stern, David I. (2009): Interfuel Substitution: A Meta-Analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14075
2019-10-02T16:42:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3131
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14075/
BPR in an Institute of Excellence in South India : A Study
Kannan, Srinivasan
N, Sudha
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
M11 - Production Management
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
Business Process Reengineering is a common topic in the field of Manufacturing and Production Engineering. There are few efforts in the area of Service industry using this framework. The present study is an effort to use the framework for improving efficiency in an Institute of Excellence in South India. The study addresses two of the line functions viz. Course Development and Organization of Events and one staff function, purchase of materials in administration. It is an attempt to put the operations in an educational setup in a business process framework and suggest modification in the lines of Business Process Reengineering or Management. In the present study the findings suggest that by eliminating some of the activities which were of least important with new modifications will reduce the time and cost tremendously. As per the prescription, the time taken for the course development has reduced from 30 days for each course to 11 days for all courses. This is only based on a rough estimation. In reality it may even be lesser if adapt the system in long run. It is important to note that as defined by the Hammer and Champy, a radical redesign can bring a reduction in number of days required and the cost associated with time for a course. The study also addresses the reduction in time for organizing academic events and purchase process.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14075/1/MPRA_paper_14075.pdf
Kannan, Srinivasan and N, Sudha (2007): BPR in an Institute of Excellence in South India : A Study.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14481
2019-09-26T14:53:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443435
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14481/
Pre-reform Conditions, Intermediate Inputs and Distortions: Solving the Indian Growth Puzzle
Gupta, Abhay
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
D45 - Rationing ; Licensing
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
B41 - Economic Methodology
This paper answers the puzzling questions that why under the similar
set of economic conditions service sector in India grew while manufacturing
could not and how economic reforms in 1990s accelerated the
productivity growth. The paper provides a very innovative and convincing
explanation. Two subtle but important distortion-inefficiency
mechanisms, which work through distorting the intermediate input
allocation, are identified in the paper. Interaction of policies of quantitative
restrictions and inflexible labor laws resulted in lower than
optimal materials per worker usage.Combination of high inflation and
unavailability of credit exacerbated this factor distortion and lowered
the productivity growth further.
Using panel data on Indian industries, I find underutilization of
materials compared to labor until recently. This sub-optimal materials
per worker usage lowers productivity growth. Productivity estimates
are negatively related to labor growth and positively related to
materials growth. Real wages and labor productivity are negatively
related to materials inflation and this relationship breaks down after
the capital market reforms in 1990s. Since these mechanisms work
through intermediate inputs, service sector productivity is not affected
as adversely. Estimates show that after 1990s firms have started oversubstituting
materials and capital relative to labor, which can explain
the jobless growth in Indian manufacturing.
2009-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14481/1/MPRA_paper_14481.pdf
Gupta, Abhay (2009): Pre-reform Conditions, Intermediate Inputs and Distortions: Solving the Indian Growth Puzzle.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14482
2019-09-26T18:07:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443435
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14482/
Looking beyond the methods: Productivity Estimates and Growth Trends in Indian Manufacturing
Gupta, Abhay
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
D45 - Rationing ; Licensing
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
B41 - Economic Methodology
Studies on Indian manufacturing have been unable to provide consistent
estimates of productivity and its growth rates. This paper
performs detailed and exhaustive set of accounting exercises for the
period 1970-2003 using production function, index number and envelopment
analysis methods. TFP growth rate average is 1.1% for
both gross output based and net value added based measures. In
gross output production, share of materials is 0.6, much larger than
the capital and labor shares. Share of capital is constantly increasing.
For the period just after the reforms (1991-1997), input growth jumps
but TFP growth is negative. But after 1998, the trend reverses and
output grows slowly despite negative input growth due to large TFP
growth. Aggregated TFP growth rates (Domar-weighted and Fisher
index) also follow the same pattern; showing upward trends after mid-
1990s. There are no significant differences in TFP growth rates among
different-sized firms. After the reforms, TFP growth increases substantially
in the public corporations. Productivity transition seems to
be random across different (3-digit NIC code) industries. Industries
with focus towards services experienced higher productivity growth
than others. These results show that the lack of productivity growth
was the reason for unimpressive performance of Indian manufacturing
earlier.
2009-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14482/1/MPRA_paper_14482.pdf
Gupta, Abhay (2009): Looking beyond the methods: Productivity Estimates and Growth Trends in Indian Manufacturing.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14626
2019-09-27T11:03:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14626/
Explaining Productivity Variation among Smallholder Maize Farmers in Tanzania
Msuya, Elibariki Emmanuel
Hisano, Shuji
Nariu, Tatsuhiko
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
Using a stochastic frontier production model proposed by Battese and Coelli (1995), the paper estimates the levels of technical efficiency of 233 smallholder maize farmers in Tanzania and provides an empirical analysis of the determinants of inefficiency with the aim of finding way to increase smallholders’ maize production and productivity. Results shows that smallholder productivity is very low and highly variable, ranging form 0.01t/ha to 6.77t/ha, averaging 1.19t/ha. Technical efficiencies of smallholder maize farmers range from 0.011 to 0.910 with a mean of 0.606. Low levels of education, lack of extension services, limited capital, land fragmentation, and unavailability and high input prices are found to have a negative effect on technical efficiency. Smallholder farmers using hand-hoe and farmers with cash incomes outside their farm holdings (petty business) are found to more efficient. However, farmers who use agrochemicals are found to be less efficient. Policy implications drawn from the results include a review of agricultural policy with regard to renewed public support to revamp the agricultural extension system, and interventions towards improving market infrastructure in order to reduce the transaction element in the input and output marketing.
2008-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14626/1/MPRA_paper_14626.pdf
Msuya, Elibariki Emmanuel and Hisano, Shuji and Nariu, Tatsuhiko (2008): Explaining Productivity Variation among Smallholder Maize Farmers in Tanzania.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14655
2019-09-28T04:37:08Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14655/
Productivity Growth, Technical Progress and Efficiency Change in African Agriculture
Nkamleu, Guy Blaise
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
The paper examines the economic performance of a large
number of African countries using an international comparable data set and the latest technique for analysis. The paper focuses on growth in total factor productivity and its decomposition into technical change and efficiency change components. The analysis is undertaken using the data envelopment analysis (DEA). The present study uses data of 16 countries over the period 1970–2001. It was found that, globally, during that period, total factor productivity has experienced a positive evolution in sampled countries. This good performance of the agricultural sector was due to good progress in technical efficiency rather than technical progress. The region suffered a regression in productivity in the 1970s, and made some progress during the 1980s and 1990s. The study also highlights the fact that technical change has been the main constraint of achievement of high levels of total factor productivity during the reference period in sub-Saharan Africa. Contrariwise, in Maghreb countries, technological change has been the main driving force of productivity growth. Finally, the results indicate that institutional factors as well as agro-ecological factors are important determinants of agricultural productivity growth.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14655/1/MPRA_paper_14655.pdf
Nkamleu, Guy Blaise (2003): Productivity Growth, Technical Progress and Efficiency Change in African Agriculture. Published in: African Development Review , Vol. 1, No. 16 (2004): pp. 203-222.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14676
2019-09-28T16:37:12Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433933
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14676/
Balancing the Number and Size of Sites: An Economic Approach to the Optimal Design of Cluster Samples
Connelly, Luke B.
C93 - Field Experiments
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
The design of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) entails decisions that have economic, as well as statistical implications. In particular, the choice of an individual or cluster randomisation design may affect the cost of achieving the desired level of power, other things equal. Furthermore, if cluster randomisation is chosen, the researcher must decide how to balance the number of clusters, or "sites", and the size of each site. This paper investigates these interrelated statistical and economic issues. Its principal purpose is to elucidate the statistical and economic trade-offs to assist researchers to employ RCT designs that have desired economic, as well as statistical, properties.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14676/1/MPRA_paper_14676.pdf
Connelly, Luke B. (2003): Balancing the Number and Size of Sites: An Economic Approach to the Optimal Design of Cluster Samples. Published in: Controlled Clinical Trials , Vol. 24, (2003): pp. 544-559.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14978
2019-10-25T18:12:28Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15104
2019-09-26T21:15:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15104/
L’echec de la croissance de la productivite agricole en afrique francophone
Nkamleu, Guy Blaise
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
O55 - Africa
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This paper examines changes in agricultural productivity in 8 French-speaking countries. The relative performance of agricultural sector was gauged using data envelopment analysis. From a panel data set of the 8 countries, which included the 30-year period 1970-2000, mathematical programming methods were used to measure Malmquist indexes of total factor productivity. It was found that, during that period, total factor productivity have experienced a negative evolution in sample countries. A decomposition of those measures suggest that, most of the weak performance of factors productivity is attributable more to technological change than technical efficiency change. Sample data showed that devaluation of Cfa franc have had a positive impact on the sector. We also found that compared to non-sahelian countries, sahelian countries have experienced a weak performance of their agricultural sector during the period 1970-2000.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15104/1/MPRA_paper_15104.pdf
Nkamleu, Guy Blaise (2004): L’echec de la croissance de la productivite agricole en afrique francophone. Published in: Economie Rurale , Vol. 279, (January 2004): pp. 55-67.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15225
2019-10-28T19:05:40Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15508
2019-09-27T05:02:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15508/
A Theory of Total Factor Productivity and the Convergence Hypothesis: Workers’ Innovations as an Essential Element
Harashima, Taiji
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
E23 - Production
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
O14 - Industrialization ; Manufacturing and Service Industries ; Choice of Technology
A theory of total factor productivity (TFP) is needed to explain why substantial differences in international income have been observed. This paper presents a theory of TFP that incorporates workers’ innovations. Because workers are human and capable of creative intellectual activities, they can create innovations even if these innovations are minor. The creative activities of ordinary workers have been almost entirely neglected in economics even though the importance of workers’ learning activities has been emphasized by the theories of learning-by-doing and human capital. I examine this creative element and show that innovations created by ordinary workers are indispensable for efficient production. A production function incorporating workers’ innovations is shown to have a Cobb-Douglas functional form with a labor share of about 70%. The production function offers a microfoundation of the Cobb-Douglas production function and more importantly indicates that heterogeneous parameter values with regard to workers’ innovations are essential factors of the currently observed substantial income difference across economies.
2009-05-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15508/1/MPRA_paper_15508.pdf
Harashima, Taiji (2009): A Theory of Total Factor Productivity and the Convergence Hypothesis: Workers’ Innovations as an Essential Element.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15541
2019-09-28T00:01:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423136
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15541/
A Dual-Solovian Measure of Productivity Increase and its Early Antecedents
Opocher, Arrigo
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
B16 - Quantitative and Mathematical
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
The duality between a production function and the cost function generated by it implies that a Solovian ‘growth accounting’ measure of productivity increase, as referred to the industry, has an equivalent dual measure, based on what may be called ‘price accounting’. It is argued in this paper that the dual measure provides a coherent framework for considering productivity increase in relation to inflation/deflation, earnings dispersion, long-run variations in domestic relative prices and in external terms of trade. Even though the theoretical interest in measures based on real input prices dates back to the late 1960s, few or no attempts have been made thereafter to adopt it in practice. Curiously enough, the practical adoption of some kind of ‘price accounting’ dates to much earlier. We argue in this paper that, during the 19th century, distinguished statisticians and economic commentators such as G.R. Porter and R. Giffen based their evaluations on the comparative change in prices, wages and profits and in so doing they followed a logic that remarkably resembles that of a dual-Solovian measure.
2009-06-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15541/1/MPRA_paper_15541.pdf
Opocher, Arrigo (2009): A Dual-Solovian Measure of Productivity Increase and its Early Antecedents.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15792
2019-09-28T09:09:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15792/
Interfuel Substitution: A Meta-Analysis
Stern, David I.
Q40 - General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
Interfuel substitutability has been of longstanding interest to the energy economics and policy community. However, no quantitative meta-analysis has yet been carried out of this literature. This paper fills this gap by analyzing a broad sample of studies of interfuel substitution in the industrial sector, manufacturing industry or subindustries, or macro-economy of a variety of developed and developing economies. Publication bias is controlled for by including the primary study sample size in the meta-regression. Results for the shadow elasticities of substitution between coal, oil, gas, and electricity for forty-six primary studies show that at the level of the industrial sector there are easy substitution possibilities between all the fuel pairs with the exception of gas-electricity and coal-electricity. Substitution possibilities seem more constrained at the macro level and less constrained in sub-industries. Estimates also vary across countries. Publication bias does not seem to be present, but model and data specification issues very significantly affect the estimates derived by each individual study. Estimates from cross-section regressions are generally largest, fixed effects panel estimates intermediate in magnitude, and time-series estimates are mostly much smaller. Econometric research suggests that the fixed effects estimates are likely the best among the existing studies, though biased downwards.
2009-03-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15792/3/MPRA_paper_15792.pdf
Stern, David I. (2009): Interfuel Substitution: A Meta-Analysis.
en
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