2024-03-28T18:44:06Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:209
2019-09-26T19:50:49Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/209/
Accounting for inequality in the EU: Income disparities between and within member states and overall income inequality
Papatheodorou, Christos
Pavlopoulos, Dimitris
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D3 - Distribution
In fighting inequality and poverty in the EU emphasis has been placed in reducing
differences between countries and/or regions regarding certain macroeconomic
indicators, such as the GDP per capita. However, from a policy perspective it is
important to know the extent to which overall inequality in the EU is attributed to
inequality between the individual countries and the extent to which it is attributed to
inequality within them. In addition, it is important to know the extent to which income
disparities in each individual member state contribute to overall EU inequality.
Following certain assumptions, hypotheses and alternative scenarios, this paper
investigates the above questions, employing a decomposition analysis of inequality by
population subgroup and utilizing data and information provided by the CHER
programme. A number of alternative inequality indices were used to capture the
different aspects of inequality and test the robustness of the estimates. The suggested
typologies of welfare state regimes were also examined to explain the differences in
income inequality between countries and their contribution to overall EU inequality.
Policy analysts and policy makers could benefit greatly from such information in
evaluating, designing and implementing interventions to deal with inequality and
poverty in the EU.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/209/1/MPRA_paper_209.pdf
Papatheodorou, Christos and Pavlopoulos, Dimitris (2003): Accounting for inequality in the EU: Income disparities between and within member states and overall income inequality. Published in: CHER Working paper 9, CEPS/INSTEAD, Differdange, G.-D. Luxemburg (2003)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:492
2019-09-27T03:41:09Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D46:4635
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/492/
Die endlose Tuerkei-Debatte
Tausch, Arno
Z12 - Religion
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
F15 - Economic Integration
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy
The article shows that reservations in Europe against Turkey's future membership are really groundless. A Muslim nation already was a member of the EU: Algeria. When Algeria was still a colony, it joined the EU (then: European Economic Community) on January 1st 1958 as a French "Departement", and it remained so until its independence in 1962. The now famous Copenhagen criteria obviously did not apply at that time: 400.000 French troops fought a colonial war against the local population. Are Muslims in the European Union only welcome as a colonized people? The dossier presented brings up to date earlier materials published on the subject by the same author. There are new sections on the situation of women at the time of the beginning of the negotiation process for each of the 25 EU members based on United States Department of State materials, as well as time series comparisons of gender politicies in the EU 25, and in the candidate countries Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey. Of course, the tasks ahead are still very large, including in the field of gender policies, but Turkey should in no way be excluded from the start of membership negotiations.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/492/1/MPRA_paper_492.pdf
Tausch, Arno (2004): Die endlose Tuerkei-Debatte. Published in: Studien von Zeitfragen, Frankfurt, ISSN-1619-8417 , Vol. 4, No. 38 (2004): pp. 1-183.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:627
2019-10-21T13:13:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/627/
Approximate implementation of Relative Utilitarianism via Groves-Clarke pivotal voting with virtual money
Pivato, Marcus
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
`Relative Utilitarianism' (RU) is a version of classical utilitarianism, where each person's utility function is rescaled to range from zero to one. As a voting system, RU is vulnerable to preference exaggeration by strategic voters. The Groves-Clarke Pivotal Mechanism elicits truthful revelation of preferences by requiring each voter to `bid' a sum of real money to cast a pivotal vote. However, this neglects wealth effects and gives disproportionate power to rich voters. We propose a variant of the Pivotal Mechanism using fixed allotments of notional `voting money'; this `Voting Money Pivotal Mechanism' (VMPM) is politically egalitarian and immune to wealth effects. In the large-population limit, the only admissible (i.e. weakly undominated) voting strategies in the VMPM are approximately truthful revelations of preferences; thus the VMPM yields an arbitrarily close approximation of RU.
2006-10-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/627/1/MPRA_paper_627.pdf
Pivato, Marcus (2006): Approximate implementation of Relative Utilitarianism via Groves-Clarke pivotal voting with virtual money.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1243
2019-09-29T22:46:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1243/
Economic theory and social justice
Johnson, Joseph
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
Is justice individualistic or both individualistic andsocial? Opposite views on this question include
von Hayek, who said that `social justice' was an oxymoron, and the late Holy Father who, in Sollicitudo Rei Socialis said that some socio-economic institutions can have`structures of sin' in their architectures.
The Old Testament prophets have been interpreted either way!
Using results from the Capital Controversy in economic theory,
Sen's work on famines, and the
Parsonian theory of the institution, we show that
the `social'-justice dimension of an individual act is where its justice is
unintelligible in merely individualistic terms, but requires institutional analysis.
2006-10-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1243/1/MPRA_paper_1243.pdf
Johnson, Joseph (2006): Economic theory and social justice.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1535
2019-10-01T05:40:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433730
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1535/
Yours, Mine, and Ours: The Effect of Ersatz Property Rights on Outcome Based Fairness and Reciprocity.
Oxoby, Robert J.
Spraggon, John
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
C70 - General
We report laboratory data on earned wealth effects in a series of anonymous
dictator games. In addition to a standard (baseline) treatment in which wealth
was determined by the experimenter, we conduct treatments in which either the
dictator or the receiver earned wealth used in the subsequent dictator game. In
our baseline treatment, we observe the standard result: on average, dictators allocate
receivers twenty percent. In treatments where the dictator earned wealth,
we observe the theoretic prediction of zero offers to receivers. In treatments
where the receiver earned wealth, we observe distributions of offers in which the
receiver’s share exceeds fifty percent. We interpret these results as evidence of
the importance of property rights in determining individuals’ social preferences.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1535/1/MPRA_paper_1535.pdf
Oxoby, Robert J. and Spraggon, John (2004): Yours, Mine, and Ours: The Effect of Ersatz Property Rights on Outcome Based Fairness and Reciprocity.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1728
2019-10-01T14:20:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433830
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1728/
On the re-assessment of inequality in Indonesia: household survey or national account?
Yusuf, Arief Anshory
C80 - General
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
This paper is motivated by the inconsistency between food and non-food ex-penditure estimated from household survey data (SUSENAS) and from nationalaccount (I-O table) and its connection on the issue of inequality in Indonesia.Since non-food expenditure tend to be under-estimated when compared withnational account data, it imply the under-representation of the rich in the cal-culation of inequality in Indonesia. This paper, then applies an approach toreconciling household survey and national accounts data, by re-estimating thesampling weight through minimization of entropy distance of information takinghousehold survey weight as prior, while satisfying some aggregation constraints.The estimated weight then is used to calculate standard indicator of inequalityin Indonesia. The results suggests that while inequality in rural Indonesia doesnot change much, due to possible under-representation of the rich in the survey, inequality in urban Indonesia is highly under-estimated. The "Jakarta factor"seems to account mostly to this discrepancy.
2006-08-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1728/1/MPRA_paper_1728.pdf
Yusuf, Arief Anshory (2006): On the re-assessment of inequality in Indonesia: household survey or national account?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1896
2019-10-08T04:48:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483231
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483237
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1896/
A formula for the optimal taxation in Probabilistic Voting Models characterized by Single Mindedness
Canegrati, Emanuele
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
H21 - Efficiency ; Optimal Taxation
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
H31 - Household
H27 - Other Sources of Revenue
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
This work intends to specify a formula for the optimal taxation in Probabilistic
Voting Models with Single Mindedness Theory. The goal is to find an
equivalent expression to the Ramsey’s rule for a political economy environment
where Governments are assumed to be Leviathans rather than benevolents.
2007-02-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1896/1/MPRA_paper_1896.pdf
Canegrati, Emanuele (2007): A formula for the optimal taxation in Probabilistic Voting Models characterized by Single Mindedness.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2052
2019-09-26T17:25:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2052/
Universal Basic Income and Negative Income Tax: Two Different Ways of Thinking Redistribution
Davide, Tondani
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
This article examines two redistributive programs: Negative Income Tax and Universal Basic Income. Its aim is to show that, even if the two programs – through the implementation of an appropriate tax-benefit system – can get the same distributive outcome, they are deeply different both from an economic point of view and an ethic perspective. The approach adopted integrates positive and normative analysis so that an explicit attention to ethical issues can provide a more complete descriptive economics. We show that Negative Income Tax scheme is consistent with the libertarian idea of distributive justice, while Basic Income matches with the egalitarian thought.
2007-03-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2052/1/MPRA_paper_2052.pdf
Davide, Tondani (2007): Universal Basic Income and Negative Income Tax: Two Different Ways of Thinking Redistribution.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2254
2019-09-29T04:46:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483633
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3236
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483231
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3138
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443634
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483630
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2254/
On redistribution effects of public debt amongst single-minded generations
Canegrati, Emanuele
J20 - General
H63 - Debt ; Debt Management ; Sovereign Debt
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
H21 - Efficiency ; Optimal Taxation
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
J18 - Public Policy
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
D64 - Altruism ; Philanthropy
H60 - General
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
In this paper I will introduce a new political economy model,
where there exists a competition amongst two political candidates,
which aim to set a policy which enables them to win elections, max-
imising the probability of winning. I will show that, if taxes neces-
sary to repay the debt are not lump sum but proportional to income,
we have dramatic distorting effect on the labour supply. The prob-
lem is exacerbate once we take into account that the Government
set taxes in order to favour the most in‡uencing social group. As a
consequence, effective marginal tax rates are differentiated amongst
social groups and thus the burden of public debt is not equally borne.
2007-03-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2254/1/MPRA_paper_2254.pdf
Canegrati, Emanuele (2007): On redistribution effects of public debt amongst single-minded generations.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2320
2019-10-01T08:14:25Z
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7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3236
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3532
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3538
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483231
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3531
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D44:4439:443931
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2320/
The single-mindedness of labor unions when transfers are not Lump-Sum
canegrati, emanuele
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
J23 - Labor Demand
H61 - Budget ; Budget Systems
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J18 - Public Policy
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation ; Collective Bargaining
J58 - Public Policy
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
H21 - Efficiency ; Optimal Taxation
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
H31 - Household
D91 - Intertemporal Household Choice ; Life Cycle Models and Saving
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
In this paper I analyse a labour market where the wage is endogenously
determined according to an Efficient Bargaining process
between a firm and a labour union whose members are partitioned
into two social groups: the old and the young. Furthermore, I exploit
the Single-Mindedness theory, which considers the existence of a density
function which endogenously depends on leisure. I demonstrate
that, when preferences of one group for leisure are higher than those
of the other group the latter suffers from higher tax rates and with
lower level of wage rates and lower levels of leisure. Finally, since the
former is more single-minded, it may exploit its greater political power
in order to get a positive intergenerational transfer which takes place
via labour income taxation. Empirical evidence from the WERS 2004
survey confirms main results of the model.
2007-03-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2320/1/MPRA_paper_2320.pdf
canegrati, emanuele (2007): The single-mindedness of labor unions when transfers are not Lump-Sum.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2548
2019-10-01T09:50:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483530
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483631
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443131
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443330
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3236
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2548/
A Single-Mindedness model with n generations
Emanuele, Canegrati
H50 - General
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
H61 - Budget ; Budget Systems
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
D30 - General
C72 - Noncooperative Games
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
H31 - Household
J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor
H60 - General
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
In this paper I will analyse the redistribution of income amongst n
generations using the Single-mindedness Theory. I will introduce a new
expression for the balanced-budget constraint, no longer based on lump-
sum transfers as in the traditional literature, but rather on more realistic
labour income taxation. Since the Government has to clear the budget,
some generations obtain a benefit, whilst some other must pay the entire
cost of social secutiry systems. I will demonstrate that generations which
are more single-minded on leisure are the most better off since they are
more able to capture politicians in the political competition. Further-
more, it could be the case that candidates are not forced to undertake the
same policies in equilibrium and I will demonstrate that this result holds
only once an endogenous density function for individual preferences for
politicians is considered.
2007-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2548/1/MPRA_paper_2548.pdf
Emanuele, Canegrati (2007): A Single-Mindedness model with n generations.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2637
2019-09-26T10:11:57Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2637/
Twofold Optimality of the Relative Utilitarian Bargaining Solution
Pivato, Marcus
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
Given a bargaining problem, the `relative utilitarian' (RU) solution maximizes the sum total of the bargainer's utilities, after having first renormalized each utility function to range from zero to one. We show that RU is `optimal' in two very different senses. First, RU is the maximal element (over the set of all bargaining solutions) under any partial ordering which satisfies certain axioms of fairness and consistency; this result is closely analogous to the result of Segal (2000). Second, RU offers each person the maximum expected utility amongst all rescaling-invariant solutions, when it is applied to a random sequence of future bargaining problems which are generated using a certain class of distributions; this is somewhat reminiscent of the results of Harsanyi (1953) and Karni (1998).
2007-04-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2637/1/MPRA_paper_2637.pdf
Pivato, Marcus (2007): Twofold Optimality of the Relative Utilitarian Bargaining Solution. Forthcoming in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2727
2019-09-26T14:22:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443634
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2727/
Mixed Feelings: Theories and Evidence of Warm Glow and Altruism
Konow, James
D64 - Altruism ; Philanthropy
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
This paper presents theoretical and empirical analyses of experiments that test competing theories of altruism, including pure altruism (a preference for the well-being of others), warm glow (a good feeling from giving) and impure altruism (a combination of pure altruism and warm glow). These theories produce different predictions regarding crowding out, i.e., the reduction in private donations due to public spending. Variations on dictator experiments involving both students and charities examine the incidence of crowding out and provide a new direct measure of the effect of giving on feelings. The results indicate that crowding out is incomplete, i.e., less than dollar for dollar. The evidence on warm glow suggests mixed feelings: giving may be associated with good or bad feelings, depending on the context. As a way to resolve apparent inconsistencies and reconcile the evidence on crowding out and feelings, this paper proposes a theory of conditional altruism, which extends previous models to incorporate social norms that arise in the workplace, marketplace and laboratory.
2006-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2727/1/MPRA_paper_2727.pdf
Konow, James (2006): Mixed Feelings: Theories and Evidence of Warm Glow and Altruism.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2729
2019-09-26T22:18:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2729/
Double Standards: Social Preferences and Moral Biases
Croson, Rachel
Konow, James
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
A consensus seems to be emerging in economics that at least three motives are at work in many strategic decisions: distributive preferences, reciprocal preferences and self-interest. An important obstacle to this research, however, has been moral biases, i.e., the distortions created by self-interest that can obscure social preferences. Among other things, this has led to disagreement about the relative importance of distributive preferences, reciprocal preferences, or both. This paper describes a simple experiment that decomposes behavior into these three forces and examines their interactions without the confounds that have compromised other designs. We compare the decisions of implicated “stakeholders” with those of impartial “spectators,” who have no stake. Several surprising and interesting results emerge. For example, stakeholders respond less forcefully to kindness and unkindness towards them than do spectators acting on their behalf. We also find an asymmetry in reciprocity: stakeholders punish but do not reward, whereas spectators both reward and punish. This result suggests that the lack of positive reciprocity found in other studies is not due to an asymmetry in underlying reciprocal preferences but rather to a moral bias by stakeholders in the application of that preference. More generally, we find that all three hypothesized motives have important and significant effects on final allocations.
2007-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2729/1/MPRA_paper_2729.pdf
Croson, Rachel and Konow, James (2007): Double Standards: Social Preferences and Moral Biases.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2730
2019-09-27T09:06:48Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2730/
Is Fairness in the Eye of the Beholder? An Impartial Spectator Analysis of Justice
Konow, James
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
A popular sentiment is that fairness is inexorably subjective and incapable of being determined by objective standards. This study, on the other hand, seeks to establish evidence on unbiased justice and to propose and demonstrate a general approach for measuring impartial views empirically. Most normative justice theories associate impartiality with limited information and with consensus, i.e., a high level of agreement about what is right. In both the normative and positive literature, information is usually seen as the raw material for self-serving bias and disagreement. In contrast, this paper proposes a type of impartiality that is associated with a high level of information. The crucial distinction is the emphasis here on the views of impartial spectators, rather than implicated stakeholders. I describe the quasi-spectator method, i.e., an empirical means to approximate the views of impartial spectators that is based on a direct relationship between information and consensus, whereby consensus refers to the level of agreement among actual evaluators of real world situations. Results of surveys provide evidence on quasi-spectator views and support this approach as a means to elicit moral preferences. By establishing a relationship between consensus and impartiality, this paper seeks to help lay an empirical foundation for welfare analysis, social choice theory and practical policy applications.
2006-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2730/1/MPRA_paper_2730.pdf
Konow, James (2006): Is Fairness in the Eye of the Beholder? An Impartial Spectator Analysis of Justice. Published in: Social Choice and Welfare , Vol. 33, No. 1 (June 2009): pp. 101-127.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3142
2019-10-03T03:55:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443433
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3133
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3142/
Making Sense of the Experimental Evidence on Endogenous Timing in Duopoly Markets
Santos-Pinto, Luís
D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
C72 - Noncooperative Games
The prediction of asymmetric equilibria with Stackelberg outcomes is clearly
the most frequent result in the endogenous timing literature. Several experiments
have tried to validate this prediction empirically, but failed to find support
for it. By contrast, the experiments find that simultaneous-move outcomes are
modal and that behavior in endogenous timing games is quite heterogeneous.
This paper generalizes Hamilton and Slutsky’s (1990) endogenous timing games
by assuming that players are averse to inequality in payoffs. I explore the theoretical
implications of inequity aversion and compare them to the empirical
evidence. I find that this explanation is able to organize most of the experimental
evidence on endogenous timing games. However, inequity aversion is not
able to explain delay in Hamilton and Slutsky’s endogenous timing games.
2006-02-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3142/1/MPRA_paper_3142.pdf
Santos-Pinto, Luís (2006): Making Sense of the Experimental Evidence on Endogenous Timing in Duopoly Markets.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3143
2019-10-02T23:46:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443433
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3231
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3143/
Reciprocity, inequity-aversion, and oligopolistic competition
Santos-Pinto, Luís
D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
This paper extends the Cournot and Bertrand models of strategic interaction
between firms by assuming that managers are not only profit maximizers,
but also have preferences for reciprocity or are averse to inequity. A reciprocal
manager responds to unkind behavior of rivals with unkind actions, while at the
same time, it responds to kind behavior of rivals with kind actions. An inequity
averse manager likes to reduce the difference between own profits and the rivals’
profits. The paper finds that if firms with reciprocal managers compete à
la Cournot, then they may be able to sustain “collusive” outcomes under a constructive
reciprocity equilibrium. By contrast, Stackelberg warfare may emerge
under a destructive reciprocity equilibrium. If there is Cournot competition between
firms and their managers are averse to advantageous (disadvantageous)
inequity, then firms are better (worse) off than if managers only care about maximizing
profits. If firms compete à la Bertrand, then only under very restrictive
conditions will managers’ preferences for reciprocity or inequity aversion have
an impact on equilibrium outcomes.
2006-05-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3143/1/MPRA_paper_3143.pdf
Santos-Pinto, Luís (2006): Reciprocity, inequity-aversion, and oligopolistic competition.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3257
2019-09-26T20:32:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3257/
Another experimental look at reciprocal behavior: indirect reciprocity
Bonein, Aurélie
Serra, Daniel
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C72 - Noncooperative Games
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
This paper highlights a new social motivation, the indirect reciprocity, through a three-player dictator-ultimatum game. Player 2 has the opportunity to reward or punish indirectly the player 1 by inciting – with her offer - player 3 to accept or to reject the division. We implement three treatments: in the first two we vary player 2’s available information whereas in treatment 3, players take part in a dictator game - as proposers - before being player 2s in the dictator-ultimatum game. Results show that 55% of subjects in treatment 2 and 28% in treatment 3 behave as indirect reciprocity predicts. Another reciprocal behavior - the generalized reciprocity - is investigated through a three-player dictator game. Our data show that 80% of players 2 act according to this reciprocal behavior. Finally, our findings confirm that the more complex the strategic interaction becomes the more self-regarding behavior is likely and the less other-regarding behaviors, such as reciprocity, dominate.
2007-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3257/1/MPRA_paper_3257.pdf
Bonein, Aurélie and Serra, Daniel (2007): Another experimental look at reciprocal behavior: indirect reciprocity.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3354
2019-09-26T08:14:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3354/
The advantages and disadvantages of needs-based resource allocation in integrated health systems and market systems of health care provider reimbursement
Gugushvili, Alexi
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
This paper reviews the vital health care resource allocation in integrated systems and contrasts it with the market-based health care resource provisions. It is believed that among several alternatives a method of centrally managed needs-based resource distribution is best suited for universally appraised code of “equal treatment of equals”. However, the main problem hides in identification and measurement of “need” and in economic effectiveness of the methodology. Supposedly, from the 1980s, as an innovative approach, the market system of health care provider reimbursement had to resolve the problems associated with centralised needs-based resource allocation, maintaining the main achievements and improving the effectiveness of the systematic distribution. Nonetheless, as this paper shows, so far there is little evidence that the market-based health care provider reimbursement advances the allocative performance of various health care systems.
2007-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3354/1/MPRA_paper_3354.pdf
Gugushvili, Alexi (2007): The advantages and disadvantages of needs-based resource allocation in integrated health systems and market systems of health care provider reimbursement.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3388
2019-09-26T22:00:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3534
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3436
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3537
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3388/
Using the Beveridge & Nelson decomposition of economic time series for pointing out the occurrence of terrorist attacks
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
K14 - Criminal Law
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
O54 - Latin America ; Caribbean
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
H56 - National Security and War
N46 - Latin America ; Caribbean
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
P10 - General
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
This paper continues my research program on violence and terrorism started 15 years ago. It presents in the first part through empirical exercises, the suitability of The Beveridge and Nelson decomposition of economic time series for pointing out the occurrence of terrorist attacks. It presents the simulation results of the hypothetical case of U.S., and Colombia experiencing, additional, and first three terrorist attacks similar to 9/11, 2001: for the U.S. additional attacks are simulated occurring in 1996, and 1998 with 24,950, and 61,516 casualties respectively; while for Colombia three attacks are artificially constructed independently in 1993 with 3,000 casualties, and 2001 with alternatives scenarios of 3,000 and 4,299 casualties. In the second part, while the model for terrorist attacks in U.S. soil is developed, and knowing that the geo-political context of the war in Iraq is different, Its objective, is to use the experience from Colombia to help policy, and decision makers understand the probable outcomes and implications of decisions taken today in regards to the war in Iraq. It uses the terrorist murder and attacks indicator from 1946 to 2001 for Colombia that assumes a 9/11 in Colombia killing 3,000 civilians, and that as its consequence the Colombian army started a strong confrontation against the enemy as the U.S did at that time. This indicator is used as dependent variable to re-estimate the model for cyclical terrorist murder for Colombia (Gómez-Sorzano 2006B, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/539/01/MPRA_paper_539.pdf) using it, for sensitivity analysis scenarios including troop deployment decisions identical to those already taken by the U.S. during the war in Iraq. The last section concludes showing dynamically how at this point, moderate troop withdrawals and disarmament, will reduce both the intensity of the conflict and the estimated terrorist murder and attacks indicator for the U.S.
2006-12-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3388/1/MPRA_paper_3388.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2006): Using the Beveridge & Nelson decomposition of economic time series for pointing out the occurrence of terrorist attacks.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3513
2019-10-01T15:41:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3537
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3513/
A Note on Human Development Indices with Income Equalities
Mishra, SK
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index obtained by a weighted aggregation of other three indices, each measuring one aspect, namely life expectancy, education and real per capita income. Intra-country equality in income distribution, however, is very important with regard to quality of life and, thus, human development. This paper is concerned with the question that if the measure of income equality also were included in construction of the HDI, then what would be the relative weights of different indices. One method could be to assign equal weights to all the four, but it is too pragmatic. Alternatively, the principal component analysis (PCA) may be applied to derive weights. But, again, the PCA is an overly elitist method that undermines the poorly correlated set of variables, which might be very important in their own right, in favor of highly correlated set of variables. We propose an alternative method that maximizes the sum of absolute coefficients of correlation of the composite index with the constituent indices. Such an index is inclusive in nature and gives proper representation to weakly correlated variables also. The method has been applied to data of 125 countries and the HDI so constructed has been compared with the PCA HDI and HDR (UNDP) HDI. We find substantial ups and downs in the HDI ranks of different countries.
2007-06-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3513/1/MPRA_paper_3513.pdf
Mishra, SK (2007): A Note on Human Development Indices with Income Equalities.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3793
2019-10-06T06:08:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3537
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3793/
A Note on Human Development Indices with Income Equalities
Mishra, SK
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index obtained by a weighted aggregation of other three indices, each measuring one aspect, namely life expectancy, education and real per capita income. Intra-country equality in income distribution, however, is very important with regard to quality of life and, thus, human development. This paper is concerned with the question that if the measure of income equality also were included in construction of the HDI, then what would be the relative weights of different indices. One method could be to assign equal weights to all the four, but it is too pragmatic. Alternatively, the principal component analysis (PCA) may be applied to derive weights. But, again, the PCA is an overly elitist method that undermines the poorly correlated set of variables, which might be very important in their own right, in favor of highly correlated set of variables. We propose an alternative method that maximizes the sum of absolute coefficients of correlation of the composite index with the constituent indices. Such an index is inclusive in nature and gives proper representation to weakly correlated variables also. The method has been applied to data of 125 countries and the HDI so constructed has been compared with the PCA HDI and HDR (UNDP) HDI. We find substantial ups and downs in the HDI ranks of different countries.
2007-06-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3793/1/MPRA_paper_3793.pdf
Mishra, SK (2007): A Note on Human Development Indices with Income Equalities.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3964
2019-09-29T07:38:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3964/
A non-monetary form of Clarke pivotal voting
Pivato, Marcus
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
The Clarke Pivotal Voting Mechanism (CPVM) elicits truthful revelation of utility functions by requiring any `pivotal' voter to pay a monetary `Clarke tax'. This neglects wealth effects and gives disproportionate power to rich voters. We propose to replace the `Clarke tax' with a lottery, wherein the pivotal voter risks long-term exclusion from the CPVM (and any other formal political participation). The resulting voting mechanism is nonmanipulable, politically egalitarian, and implements something close to Relative Utilitarianism.
2007-07-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3964/1/MPRA_paper_3964.pdf
Pivato, Marcus (2007): A non-monetary form of Clarke pivotal voting.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5451
2019-10-18T16:53:56Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503438
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503337
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5451/
Zur Kluft zwischen Verfassungsgebung und Verfassungswirklichkeit im Demokratisierungsprozess Benins
Kohnert, Dirk
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
P48 - Political Economy ; Legal Institutions ; Property Rights ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Regional Studies
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
P37 - Legal Institutions ; Illegal Behavior
The process of democratization in Benin has been praised as a model for the whole of francophone Africa. Initiated by an independent National-Conference the process of democratic renewal started with a bloodless coup of representatives of different groups of the civil society. Declared aims of this conference were, to guarantee basic human rights, to substitute the "Marxist" Kérékou-Regime by a democratic elected government, and to draft a new liberal-democratic constitution. Officially, each of these aims had been reached within one year. The new constitution was adopted through a referendum by a large majority of the population in December 1990. In the following four years the formal constitutional political structures, meant to guarantee the balance of power were implanted. However, the political elite which dominated the democratization process pursued a hidden agenda. Moreover, the liberalization of society and economy, propagated by the international donor community, had ambiguous effects. The growth of the market economy had it repercussions not just within the realm of the economy, e.g. privatisation, separation of factors of production, land, labour, and capital; creation of business- and professional organizations. The transformation from subsistence into a market-economy was equally important concerning restructuring the political landscape. The adoption of democratic concepts by the population, based on neo-liberal concepts of exchange of equivalents via the market, the notion of equal legal status of all citizens, equal competition of politicians and political parties, and achievement-orientation, led to high flying expectations, but at the same time to a commercialization of social and political relations, including venality. Besides, democratization in Benin - the cradle of "vodun" - was neatly interwoven with the realm of occult belief systems. Both within the economy and politics, the established ‘traditional’ rules of the informal sector dominated the political agenda of the ‘neo-patrimonial’ state. Gender- and class specific interests of decision makers exerted a decisive influence on the democratisation process.
1996
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5451/1/MPRA_paper_5451.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (1996): Zur Kluft zwischen Verfassungsgebung und Verfassungswirklichkeit im Demokratisierungsprozess Benins. Published in: Nord-Sued aktuell , Vol. 1.1996, No. 1.1996 (1996): pp. 73-84.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5655
2019-09-27T17:41:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433832
7375626A656374733D44:4439
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433532
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433837
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483434
7375626A656374733D44:4437
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3534
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3436
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D43:4332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5655/
Developing the concept of Sustainable Peace using Econometrics and scenarios granting Sustainable Peace in Colombia by year 2019
Gomez-Sorzano, Gustavo
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data ; Data Access
D9 - Intertemporal Choice
C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
C87 - Econometric Software
H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
O54 - Latin America ; Caribbean
N46 - Latin America ; Caribbean
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
H56 - National Security and War
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
C2 - Single Equation Models ; Single Variables
This paper belongs to my research program on violence and terrorism started in 1993, as a consequence of the growing concern regarding the increase in Colombian violence, and especially for its escalation during the 1990’s. After 14 years of research, particularly after developing a model of cyclical terrorist murder in Colombia 1950-2004, forecasts 2005-2019 (Gómez-Sorzano 2005, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/134/01/MPRA_paper_134.pdf), the econometrics of violence, terrorism, and scenarios for peace in Colombia from 1950 to 2019 (Gómez-Sorzano 2006, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/539/01/MPRA_paper_539.pdf), and Scenarios for Sustainable Peace in Colombia by year 2019 (Gómez-Sorzano 2006B, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/135/01/MPRA_paper_135.pdf) , I claim in this paper that I have formally developed the concept of Sustainable Peace using advanced econometrics. The concept of Sustainable Peace is thus presented to the international academic community, and is based in the construction of a structural econometric model for National murder, and a model for cyclical terrorist murder that have been simultaneously used for designing Scenarios granting Sustainable Peace in Colombia by year 2019.
2007-04-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5655/1/MPRA_paper_5655.pdf
Gomez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Developing the concept of Sustainable Peace using Econometrics and scenarios granting Sustainable Peace in Colombia by year 2019.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5992
2019-09-28T04:32:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3339
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5992/
Reichtum in Deutschland: Hohe Einkommen, ihre Struktur und Verteilung
Merz, Joachim
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
J39 - Other
Die Verteilung des gesellschaftlichen Reichtums ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die wirtschaftliche,
soziale und kulturelle Entwicklung eines Landes. Unabhängig von der jeweiligen wirtschafts- und
sozialwissenschaftlichen Sicht ist die Einkommensverteilung ein wichtiger Baustein zur Erklärung von
Wirtschaftswachstum und Beschäftigungsentwicklung.
Der vorliegende Einkommensverteilungsbeitrag beleuchtet die Situation der Einkommens-Reichen.
Fundierte Informationen über hohe Einkommen, ihre Struktur und Verteilung werden erstmals auf der
Basis der anonymisierten individuellen Datensätze der Einkommensteuerstatistik 1995 vorgestellt.
Eingebettet in die Verteilungsanalyse über das gesamte Einkommensspektrum konzentriert sich der
Beitrag auf die Verteilung und Umverteilung hoher Einkommen mit unterschiedlichen
Reichtumsabgrenzungen für Selbständige und abhängig Beschäftigte. Zudem wird die sozioökonomische
Struktur der Reichen im Vergleich zu den Nicht-Reichen beschrieben. Die Signifikanz der
konkurrierenden Erklärungsfaktoren für die Wahrscheinlichkeit reich zu sein wird abschließend mit
einem multivariaten PROBIT-Ansatz aufgezeigt und diskutiert.
Dieses Papier ist eine revidierte und komprimierte Version meines Beitrags zum ersten Reichtums- und
Armutsbericht der Bundesregierung.
2002-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5992/1/MPRA_paper_5992.pdf
Merz, Joachim (2002): Reichtum in Deutschland: Hohe Einkommen, ihre Struktur und Verteilung.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6117
2019-09-29T04:36:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6117/
A Contribution to the Positive Theory of Direct Taxation
Emanuele, Canegrati
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
In this paper I analyse a probabilistic voting model where political
candidates choose a direct taxation policy to maximise the probability
of winning elections. Society is divided into groups which have di¤erent
preferences for consumption of leisure or, in other words, are di¤erently
single-minded on the amount of leisure. The use of a probabilistic voting
model characterized by the presence of single-minded groups breaks down
the classic results obtained by using the median voter theorem, because it
is no longer only the level of income which drives the equilibrium policies
but also the ability of groups to focus on leisure. The robustness of these
results is also demonstrated in the presence of heterogeneity in the labour
income. Finally, using data from the Luxemburg Income Study, I demon-
strate that the cohort-speci�c inequality is signi�cantly a¤ected by the
structure of the taxation system and that policies chosen by politicians
do not seem to be originated by the goal of equality.
2007-12-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6117/1/MPRA_paper_6117.pdf
Emanuele, Canegrati (2007): A Contribution to the Positive Theory of Direct Taxation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6288
2017-12-22T03:28:20Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6324
2019-09-28T15:07:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6324/
Paretian evaluation of infinite utility streams: an egalitarian criterion
Alcantud, José Carlos R.
García-Sanz, María D.
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
This paper contributes to qualifying the Basu-Mitra approach to the problem of intergenerational social choice, by analyzing the impact of the structure of the feasible set of utilities on Banerjee's (2006) impossibility theorem.
We prove that if the utilities that each generation can possess lie in $\NN \cup \{0\} $, then an explicit expression for a Paretian social welfare function that accounts for a strengthened form of Hammond Equity for the Future can be given.
2007-12-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6324/1/MPRA_paper_6324.pdf
Alcantud, José Carlos R. and García-Sanz, María D. (2007): Paretian evaluation of infinite utility streams: an egalitarian criterion.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6882
2019-09-27T12:07:07Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6882/
The general validity of comparative advantage in trade exchanges
Dogaru, Vasile
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
Q01 - Sustainable Development
A11 - Role of Economics ; Role of Economists ; Market for Economists
In a recent article, Alan Deardorff (2005) analyses the strength of the comparative advantage’s principle. The present article’s purpose is to follow the generalization of some recent results (Dogaru, 2000; 2005b) and also to sustain the unification’s necessity of some comparative advantage’s presentation drafts, in the analytical economy’s basis. This way the statement of real assumptions inside economics can be assured, connected to processes developed in an extended economic time and space. From this perspective comparative advantage’s analysis is necessary due to the existence of the tendency in which once with some new instruments’ creations, usually more formal and using a mathematical instrument more sophisticated, the validity of comparative advantage’s classic principle would be denied. The idea of introducing the validity of the comparative advantage’s principle in the trade exchanges – considered by Samuelson versus Stanislaw Ulam an accepted truth by all economists (and not only) as being un undemonstrated one – is not a productive one from an analytical point of view, which could contribute to the economics’ development.
2005-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6882/1/MPRA_paper_6882.pdf
Dogaru, Vasile (2005): The general validity of comparative advantage in trade exchanges. Published in: Romanian Economic Review , Vol. 49-50, No. 2004-2005 (2005): pp. 171-198.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6918
2019-09-29T04:47:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6918/
Some observations regarding the demythification of the comparative advantage’s principle within Manoilescu generalized scheme
Dogaru, Vasile
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
A11 - Role of Economics ; Role of Economists ; Market for Economists
The validity in time of the comparative advantage’s principle, also of its application’s denial, can generate certain misunderstandings in the good exchange’s observation for an outsider (common sense), including the expert from other economics’ areas. The resolution for these cases can be made through checking requires’ discharging of the analytical economicity’s principle. In these conditions it can be noticed if the schemes, deducted in the analytical decomposition’s basis of the standard actions, can be used in the more precise and easier measurement than through empirical calculations in order to determine the comparative advantage’s size, of the gains from trade and the productivity effect. Manoilescu generalized scheme has, from this perspective the two main characteristics: its building has started from the empirical reality’s study of the exchange phenomena and the observation has been made only inside the economics’ borders. This way the scheme sustains the unitary explanations’ approaches of some different angles of understanding the comparative advantage on basis of some analytical efforts of other researchers. The suggested scheme separates the strictly economic analysis from the one inside the politic area (commercial politics), also of the productivity effect from more exact connections, decompounding the measurement in two steps. The identification through dialectical judgements, made as a continuation of the analytical ones, of the concordance between the built analytical reality and the empirical one, assures the check of the analytical economy’s principle. This step contributes to the permanent validity’s grounding of the comparative advantage’s principle in the exchange connections within the competitive economies. Meanwhile, the demythification of its full and permanent usage is also supported, in the way of its maximum potential’s capitalization in the manufactured and exchanged goods’ choice. The comparative advantage’s principle is nothing but an application of the minimum effort’s principle – the last one having a wider area of action – and will probably remain in the economies based on the social, competitive, monetary or natural relations.
2005-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6918/1/MPRA_paper_6918.pdf
Dogaru, Vasile (2005): Some observations regarding the demythification of the comparative advantage’s principle within Manoilescu generalized scheme.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7016
2019-09-29T02:50:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7016/
Universal Basic Income and Negative Income Tax: Two Different Ways of Thinking Redistribution
Davide, Tondani
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
This article examines two redistributive policies: Negative Income Tax and Universal Basic Income. Its aim is to show that, although the two achieve the same distributive outcome through an appropriate tax-benefit system, they are fundamentally different from economic and ethical points of view. The approach integrates positive and normative analysis and explicit attention to ethical issues provides a more complete description of economic aspects. We show that Negative Income Tax scheme is coherent with the libertarian idea of distributive justice, while Basic Income follows egalitarian thought.
2008-02-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7016/1/MPRA_paper_7016.pdf
Davide, Tondani (2008): Universal Basic Income and Negative Income Tax: Two Different Ways of Thinking Redistribution.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7422
2019-09-26T20:06:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443230
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483330
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463433
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3536
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3530
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483730
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D49:4930:493030
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D49:4930
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413133
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413139
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463431
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7422/
Hacia la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional en Mesoamérica. Estado de la Inseguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional y notas sobre políticas para su superación.
Mora-Alfaro, Jorge
Fernández-Alvarado, Luis Fernando
I30 - General
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D20 - General
H30 - General
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
N56 - Latin America ; Caribbean
M50 - General
H70 - General
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
I00 - General
A14 - Sociology of Economics
O10 - General
I0 - General
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
A19 - Other
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
Q10 - General
In this document we may find the main characteristics about the food security situation in the Mesoamerican countries. The insufficient nourishment and nutrition, as well the poverty condition that involve an important proportion of the Central American and Mexican population, produce and human and social hardship frame, with and special emphasis in the rural areas of these countries. In addition to the risks that this situation represents to the persons, families and communities living in these conditions, the general circumstances increase the vulnerability in relation with the social, political and economical stability of these nations. This is a clear obstacle to their growth economic processes and to the more prompt integration in the international economy development. Primarily, when the inclusion of the population in the development process, the distributive policies and the social cohesion are crucial components of the socioeconomic and political model adopted by the countries where these situation prevail.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7422/1/MPRA_paper_7422.pdf
Mora-Alfaro, Jorge and Fernández-Alvarado, Luis Fernando (2005): Hacia la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional en Mesoamérica. Estado de la Inseguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional y notas sobre políticas para su superación.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7684
2019-10-10T13:52:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443032
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7684/
Inequality: An explanation using State-Utility and Information Asymmetry
Gupta, Abhay
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Having a formal understanding of what various institutions represent should be important. There
are few economic variables which can accumulate over time (and give us what i call as "state
utility"). All these institutions, like education, health, social (like caste system, dowry etc.), do is
change the way these state variables evolve.
Government affects these institutions by investing in them which changes the rate of evolvement
(via advances in technology or infrastructure or formal laws etc)
There are no "good" or "bad" institutions. There are institutions which are "in-line" with the
people's preferences and there are the ones who are "mismatch" with what people want.
As economist, we may think that since caste system etc. are not beneficial in "monetary" terms,
they are bad for growth. But comments like "i PREFER being hungry than borrow money from
some lower caste person (to start new business)" should make us realize that these institutions
are not like some mysterious forces. They represent the aggregate level mechanism by which
people let their preferences known and how these preferences evolve.
We should not force the kind of development (i.e. kind of institutions), we (policy makers) want
them to have. May be that is not what people want. Hence, having a formal understanding of
these institutions and the mechanisms through which government can know about these
"preferred" institutions becomes important.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7684/1/MPRA_paper_7684.pdf
Gupta, Abhay (2005): Inequality: An explanation using State-Utility and Information Asymmetry.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7760
2019-10-01T20:04:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443031
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7760/
Incorporating fairness motives into the Impulse Balance Equilibrium concept: an application to experimental 2X2 games
Tavoni, Alessandro
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
C72 - Noncooperative Games
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
Substantial evidence has been accumulated in recent empirical works on the limited ability of the Nash equilibrium to rationalize observed behavior in many classes of games played by experimental subjects. This realization has led to several attempts aimed at finding tractable equilibrium concepts which perform better empirically, often by introducing a reference point to which players compare the available payoff allocations, as in impulse balance equilibrium (Selten & Chmura, forthcoming) and in the inequity aversion model (Fehr & Schmidt,1999). The purpose of this paper is to review some features of this recent literature and to propose a new, empirically sound, unifying concept which combines elements of fairness with reference considerations.
2007-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7760/1/MPRA_paper_7760.pdf
Tavoni, Alessandro (2007): Incorporating fairness motives into the Impulse Balance Equilibrium concept: an application to experimental 2X2 games.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8343
2019-10-02T02:45:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443634
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443830
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8343/
Ashamed to be Selfish
Dillenberger, David
Sadowski, Philipp
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D64 - Altruism ; Philanthropy
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
D80 - General
We study a two-stage choice problem, where alternatives are allocations between the decision maker (DM) and a passive recipient. The recipient observes choice behavior in stage two, while stage one choice is unobserved. Choosing selfishly in stage two, in the face of a fairer available alternative, may inflict shame on DM. DM has preferences over sets of alternatives that represent period two choices. We axiomatize a representation that identifies DM's selfish ranking, her norm of fairness and shame. Altruism is the most prominent motive that can explain non-selfish choice. We identify a condition under which shame to be selfish can mimic altruism, when only stage-two choice is observed by the experimenter. An additional condition implies that the norm of fairness can be characterized as the Nash solution of a bargaining game induced by the second-stage choice problem. The representation is generalized to allow for finitely many recipients and applied to explain a social decision maker's incentive for obfuscation.
2008-04-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8343/1/MPRA_paper_8343.pdf
Dillenberger, David and Sadowski, Philipp (2008): Ashamed to be Selfish.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8347
2019-09-26T08:23:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8347/
Life Satisfaction in Urban China: Components and Determinants
Song, Lina
Appleton, Simon
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
J18 - Public Policy
Survey data from urban China in 2002 show levels of life satisfaction to be low, but not exceptionally so, by international comparison. Many of the determinants of life satisfaction in urban China appear comparable to those for people in other countries. These include, inter alia, unemployment, income, marriage, sex, health and age. Communist Party membership and political participation raise life satisfaction. People appear fairly satisfied with economic growth and low inflation, and this contributes to their overall life satisfaction. There is dissatisfaction over pollution, but this – like job insecurity – does not appear to impact on life satisfaction.
2008-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8347/1/MPRA_paper_8347.pdf
Song, Lina and Appleton, Simon (2008): Life Satisfaction in Urban China: Components and Determinants.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8444
2019-09-29T04:50:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433739
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8444/
Envy-free solutions, Non-linear equilibrium and Egalitarian-equivalence for the Package Assignment Problem
Lahiri, Somdeb
C79 - Other
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
The first result in this paper says that given any efficient non-monetary allocation there is a balanced vector of transfers so that the resulting allocation is fair. The second result here says that given any efficient non-monetary allocation there is a pricing function defined on consumption bundles and a balanced vector of transfers so that they together form a non-linear market equilibrium. The first result is used to establish the second. Subsequently we prove the existence of egalitarian equivalent solutions for package assignment problems and shows that they satisfy the “fair share guaranteed” property.
2008-04-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8444/1/MPRA_paper_8444.pdf
Lahiri, Somdeb (2008): Envy-free solutions, Non-linear equilibrium and Egalitarian-equivalence for the Package Assignment Problem.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8498
2019-10-09T20:26:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433739
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8498/
Envy-free solutions, Non-linear equilibrium and Egalitarian-equivalence for the Package Assignment Problem
Lahiri, Somdeb
C79 - Other
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
The first result in this paper says that given any efficient non-monetary allocation there is a balanced vector of transfers so that the resulting allocation is fair. The second result here says that given any efficient non-monetary allocation there is a pricing function defined on consumption bundles and a balanced vector of transfers so that they together form a non-linear market equilibrium. The first result is used to establish the second. Subsequently we prove the existence of egalitarian equivalent solutions for package assignment problems and shows that they satisfy the “fair share guaranteed” property.
2008-04-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8498/1/MPRA_paper_8498.pdf
Lahiri, Somdeb (2008): Envy-free solutions, Non-linear equilibrium and Egalitarian-equivalence for the Package Assignment Problem.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8725
2019-09-28T16:46:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433731
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8725/
Equity Basis Selection in Allocation Environments
Aadland, David
Kolpin, Van
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C71 - Cooperative Games
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
The successful formation and long-term stability of a cooperative venture is often linked to the perceived fairness of the associated cost or resource allocation. In particular, the effectiveness of such collaborations can be hampered by the lack of a consensus view on what basis should be used for gauging an allocation’s “fairness.” Standards of equity in traditional cost-sharing applications could be assessed on many dimensions: per capita, per unit of demand, or per unit of revenue, to mention a few. This multiplicity of logically compelling “equity bases” is a feature common to many practical cost-sharing applications. Our analysis shows that features of the allocation environment are capable of explaining a substantial amount of the variation in the equity bases employed in practice and are consistent with the axiomatic principles of collective behavior.
2008-03-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8725/1/MPRA_paper_8725.pdf
Aadland, David and Kolpin, Van (2008): Equity Basis Selection in Allocation Environments.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8748
2019-09-26T15:19:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483737
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503332
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503330
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483430
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3130
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483735
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503236
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8748/
EMERGENCE, ORGANIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS, AND DECLINE OF THE PIQUETERO MOVEMENT: A COMPARATIVE INSTITUTIONAL EXPLANATION
PONCE, ALDO
I30 - General
H77 - Intergovernmental Relations ; Federalism ; Secession
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
H41 - Public Goods
P32 - Collectives ; Communes ; Agriculture
J30 - General
P30 - General
H40 - General
J10 - General
H75 - State and Local Government: Health ; Education ; Welfare ; Public Pensions
J00 - General
D60 - General
P26 - Political Economy ; Property Rights
This paper offers an institutional explanation for the growth, organizational transformations, and decline of the piquetero social movement in Argentina, developed from a comparative perspective based on Latin America. I analyze which institutional arrangements, political actors, and configurations of power contributed to the success and decline of the piqueteros. Applying the basic principles of the rational choice approach, I find that the success, decline, and transformation of the organizational structures of the piquetero movement were mainly produced by a political cycle of deep political division within the ruling party (the Peronist party). Other socio-economic explanatory factors were the over-regulated Argentine labor market, and the exogenous impact of the Argentine economic crisis through relatively high unemployment rates.
2008-03-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8748/1/MPRA_paper_8748.pdf
PONCE, ALDO (2008): EMERGENCE, ORGANIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS, AND DECLINE OF THE PIQUETERO MOVEMENT: A COMPARATIVE INSTITUTIONAL EXPLANATION.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9020
2019-09-30T17:09:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443634
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443830
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9020/
Ashamed to be Selfish
Dillenberger, David
Sadowski, Philipp
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D64 - Altruism ; Philanthropy
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
D80 - General
We study a two-stage choice problem, where alternatives are allocations between the decision maker (DM) and a passive recipient. The recipient observes choice behavior in stage two, while stage one choice is unobserved. Choosing selfishly in stage two, in the face of a fairer available alternative, may inflict shame on DM. DM has preferences over sets of alternatives that represent period two choices. We axiomatize a representation that identifies DM's selfish ranking, her norm of fairness and shame. Altruism is the most prominent motive that can explain non-selfish choice. We identify a condition under which shame to be selfish can mimic altruism, when only stage-two choice is observed by the experimenter. An additional condition implies that the norm of fairness can be characterized as the Nash solution of a bargaining game induced by the second-stage choice problem. The representation is generalized to allow for finitely many recipients and applied to explain a social decision maker's incentive for obfuscation.
2008-04-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9020/1/MPRA_paper_9020.pdf
Dillenberger, David and Sadowski, Philipp (2008): Ashamed to be Selfish.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9175
2019-09-28T04:35:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433436
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9175/
Sociological and Economic Inequality and the Second Law
Kafri, Oded
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C46 - Specific Distributions ; Specific Statistics
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
A14 - Sociology of Economics
There are two fair ways to distribute particles in boxes. The first one is the Casino’s way, namely an equal chance to any box. The second one is the thermodynamic way, namely an equal chance to any different configuration of particles and boxes. The second way, calculated here, yields an uneven distribution of the particles in the boxes. It is shown that this distribution fits well to sociological phenomena, such as to the distribution of votes in polls and the distribution of wealth. This distribution yields the Benford law (the distribution of digits in numerical data), as a private case.
2008-05-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9175/1/MPRA_paper_9175.pdf
Kafri, Oded (2008): Sociological and Economic Inequality and the Second Law.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9289
2019-10-05T07:35:36Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9375
2019-09-26T23:56:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9375/
When Equality Trumps Reciprocity: Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment
Xiao, Erte
Bicchieri, Cristina
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C72 - Noncooperative Games
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
Inequity aversion and reciprocity have been identified as two primary motivations underlying human decision making. However, because income and wealth inequality exist to some degree in all societies, these two key motivations can point to different decisions. In particular, when a beneficiary is less wealthy than a benefactor, a reciprocal action can lead to greater inequality. In this paper we report data from a trust game variant where trustees’ responses to kind intentions generate inequality in favor of investors. In relation to a standard trust game treatment where trustees’ responses reduce inequality, the proportion of non-reciprocal decisions is twice as large when reciprocity promotes inequality. Moreover, we find investors expect that this will be the case. Overall, although both motives clearly play a role, we found strong evidence for inequality aversion. Our results call attention to the potential importance of inequality in principal-agent relationships, and have important implications for designing policies aimed at promoting cooperation.
2008-06-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9375/1/MPRA_paper_9375.pdf
Xiao, Erte and Bicchieri, Cristina (2008): When Equality Trumps Reciprocity: Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9396
2019-09-29T04:29:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443031
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9396/
Incorporating fairness motives into the Impulse Balance Equilibrium concept: an application to experimental 2X2 games
Tavoni, Alessandro
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
C72 - Noncooperative Games
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
Substantial evidence has been accumulated in recent empirical works on the limited ability of the Nash equilibrium to rationalize observed behavior in many classes of games played by experimental subjects. This realization has led to several attempts aimed at finding tractable equilibrium concepts which perform better empirically, often by introducing a reference point to which players compare the available payoff allocations, as in impulse balance equilibrium (Selten & Chmura, forthcoming) and in the inequity aversion model (Fehr & Schmidt,1999). The purpose of this paper is to review some features of this recent literature and to propose a new, empirically sound, unifying concept which combines elements of fairness with reference considerations.
2007-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9396/1/MPRA_paper_9396.pdf
Tavoni, Alessandro (2007): Incorporating fairness motives into the Impulse Balance Equilibrium concept: an application to experimental 2X2 games.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9510
2019-10-03T07:11:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513332
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513338
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9510/
Maximin-optimal sustainable growth with nonrenewable resource and externalities
Bazhanov, Andrei
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
Q38 - Government Policy
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
I offer an approach linking a welfare criterion to the "sustainable development potential" of the economy. This implies a dependence of a criterion on the information about the current state. I consider the problem for the Dasgupta-Heal-Solow-Stiglitz model with externalities. The economy-linked criterion is constructed on an example of the maximin principle applied to a hybrid level-growth measure. This measure includes as special cases the conventional measures of consumption level and percent change as a measure of growth. The hybrid measure or geometrically weighted percent can be used for measuring sustainable growth as an alternative to percent. The closed form solutions are obtained for the optimal paths including the paths, dynamically consistent with the information updates.
2008-01-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9510/1/MPRA_paper_9510.pdf
Bazhanov, Andrei (2008): Maximin-optimal sustainable growth with nonrenewable resource and externalities.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9568
2019-09-30T16:43:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3739
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9568/
Hen or Egg? The relationship between IC-technologies and social exclusion
Krings, Bettina
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
J79 - Other
A14 - Sociology of Economics
O14 - Industrialization ; Manufacturing and Service Industries ; Choice of Technology
If we take a look at developments on the labour market, we find that the rate of employment stands in a close relationship to the introduction of new technologies and their social and cultural consequences. The immediate effects of new technologies on new forms of work-structures are, in fact, difficult to determine empirically. In order to avoid a strong technological bias in the scientific perspective, it seems important to consider carefully the normative objectives and goals, which are connected with the introduction of IC-technologies. But nevertheless it is difficult to define clearly the causes and the effects of new technologies as well as the technical changes and its social consequences.
The intention of the article is to present the concept of social exclusion within the SOWING-project. Of course this concept is embedded in the scientific debate of the Information Society, which has a strong technological focus and represents the discussion of the Western, highly industrialized societies. But nevertheless the empirical findings of the SOWING project come to the general conclusion, that the rise of new forms of social exclusion cannot be considered as the result of the introduction of ICT, but as the result of the normative idea of a more effective and global organized economy. The social consequences of this development depend strongly on the establishment of a democratic procedure, which integrates the concerning social groups.
2005-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9568/1/MPRA_paper_9568.pdf
Krings, Bettina (2005): Hen or Egg? The relationship between IC-technologies and social exclusion. Published in: ITAS-Jahrbuch No. 2003/2004 (June 2005): pp. 249-265.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10171
2019-10-05T05:35:00Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10171/
Ranking income distributions using the Geometric Mean and a related general measure
Moore, Robert E.
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
O5 - Economywide Country Studies
This paper illustrates the usefulness of a generalized welfare measure for ranking income distributions that are unordered by stochastic dominance and illuminates the properties of the measure. Other welfare criteria such as the arithmetic mean and Rawls criteria are special cases of this generalized measure. This generalized welfare measure illustrates that use of these special cases involves a subjective judgment by the observer of the relative importance of equity preference to efficiency preference.
1996-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10171/1/MPRA_paper_10171.pdf
Moore, Robert E. (1996): Ranking income distributions using the Geometric Mean and a related general measure. Published in: Southern Economic Journal , Vol. 63, No. 1 (July 1996): pp. 69-75.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10240
2019-09-29T08:03:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10240/
Facets and factors of human development in Tripura
Mishra, SK
Nayak, Purusottam
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
This paper systematically presents the geographical and historical forces that have shaped the resource base, infrastructure, connectivity, socio-economic milieu and consequently the economy of Tripura determining the level of human development in the state. In spite of a great burden of population on its fragile economy, the state has secured an appreciable score in matters of education and health. The human development of the state needs to be harnessed to promote economic growth in terms of increased productivity and higher per capita income. Human development has also to concord with enhanced dexterity and favorable attitude to economic development.
2008-07-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10240/1/MPRA_paper_10240.pdf
Mishra, SK and Nayak, Purusottam (2008): Facets and factors of human development in Tripura.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10348
2019-09-27T14:54:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433638
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483330
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10348/
The Income Tax Reform in Slovenia: Should the Flat Tax Have Prevailed?
Majcen, Boris
Verbic, Miroslav
Cok, Mitja
E62 - Fiscal Policy
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
H30 - General
D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
In 2007 Slovenia launched a comprehensive reform of its tax system. This article presents an analysis of several envisaged tax reform scenarios, including the flat tax proposal, with a dynamic general equilibrium model of the Slovenian economy, linked to a microsimulation model. We focus mainly on the macroeconomic and welfare aspects of the proposed scenarios, thus capturing the overall effect on individual taxpayers and the government budget. The main characteristics of the model are presented along with the results of different reform scenarios, including the one that finally passed the parliament and now forms part of Slovenia’s tax system. Our results suggest that options other than the flat tax system are better suited to the country’s long-term economic development.
2007-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10348/1/MPRA_paper_10348.pdf
Majcen, Boris and Verbic, Miroslav and Cok, Mitja (2007): The Income Tax Reform in Slovenia: Should the Flat Tax Have Prevailed?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10390
2019-10-01T19:30:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483330
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10390/
Use of simulation models for the tax reform in Slovenia
Cok, Mitja
Majcen, Boris
Verbic, Miroslav
Kosak, Marko
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
H30 - General
E60 - General
In 2007 Slovenia launched a comprehensive reform of its tax system. To estimate the different proposals (including a flat-tax proposal) and their overall effect on individual taxpayers and government budget a static micro-simulation model was constructed and combined with a computable general equilibrium model. It uses a large, comprehensive database (6% of the population) provided by relevant ministries and government agencies and proved to be a reliable tool during implementation of the reform. In the paper, the main characteristics of both models are presented along with the results of different reform scenarios, including those which finally passed the parliament and now form part of the Slovenian tax system.
2008-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10390/1/MPRA_paper_10390.pdf
Cok, Mitja and Majcen, Boris and Verbic, Miroslav and Kosak, Marko (2008): Use of simulation models for the tax reform in Slovenia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10472
2019-09-26T23:11:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3439
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10472/
Capitalism and Economic Growth: A Game-Theoretic Perspective
Leong, Chee Kian
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
O49 - Other
Why has capitalism prevailed as an institution in promoting economic growth despite its apparent unfairness? In this paper, we argue that within a neoclassical framework, capitalism is fairer compared to collectivism due to the absence of a rationally acceptable collective solution. This is demonstrated using a dynamic game with a vote-maximizing government(G) and profit-maximizing representative firm(F). In this GF game, collectivism or cooperation between the players appears to trump capitalism at the aggregate level. Developing countries operating below the steady state may be better off cooperating as they will enjoy positive long term economic growth and profit growth once their capital stock exceeds the steady state level. But this requires them to sacrifice short term growth and possible inequity as the firm's profits grow. Developed countries operating above the steady state will find the cooperative solution attractive since both economic growth and profit growth will be positive. So, from an aggregate level, collectivism or cooperation performs better than capitalism. However, a fair imputation of cooperative or collective solutions which is rationally acceptable for all players does not exist. In every stage of development, the firm always finds it rationally unacceptable to cooperate because the profits earned by the firm under the feedback Nash equilibrium always dominate the profits under cooperation. On the other hand, the government only finds the cooperative solution to be rationally acceptable when the economy is above the steady state. Hence, collectivist cooperation between the government and the firm are not rationally acceptable for both and a fair equilibrium cannot be attained with collectivism.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10472/1/MPRA_paper_10472.pdf
Leong, Chee Kian (2008): Capitalism and Economic Growth: A Game-Theoretic Perspective.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10487
2019-09-30T17:15:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10487/
Desigualdad y bienestar social
Wodon, Quentin
Yitzhaki, Shlomo
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
This paper provides a review of part of the literature on inequality and social welfare, with a special focus on the Gini index. The paper first presents the extended Gini index used for measuring inequality, as well as the source decomposition of the Gini used to analyze how changes
in income and consumption sources affect overall inequality. The paper then provides a wide range of
policy applications of the source decomposition of the extended Gini index, including techniques for analyzing the impact on inequality of the targeting of programs as opposed to the rules for the allocation of
benefits among program participants. This unpublished version of the paper in Spanish was translated from an English version published in the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Sourcebook.
2002-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10487/1/MPRA_paper_10487.pdf
Wodon, Quentin and Yitzhaki, Shlomo (2002): Desigualdad y bienestar social.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10488
2019-09-28T05:48:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10488/
Inégalité et bien-être social
Wodon, Quentin
Yitzhaki, Shlomo
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
This paper provides a review of part of the literature on inequality and social welfare, with a special focus on the Gini index. The paper first presents the extended Gini index used for measuring inequality, as well as the source decomposition of the Gini used to analyze how changes in income and consumption sources affect overall inequality. The paper then provides a wide range of policy applications of the source decomposition of the extended Gini index, including techniques for analyzing the impact on inequality of the targeting of programs as opposed to the rules for the allocation of benefits among program participants. This unpublished version of the paper in French was translated from an English version published in the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Sourcebook.
2002-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10488/1/MPRA_paper_10488.pdf
Wodon, Quentin and Yitzhaki, Shlomo (2002): Inégalité et bien-être social.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10489
2019-09-28T04:36:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10489/
Неравенство и общественное благосостояние.
Wodon, Quentin
Yitzhaki, Shlomo
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
This paper provides a review of part of the literature on inequality and social welfare, with a special focus on the Gini index. The paper first presents the extended Gini index used for measuring inequality, as well as the source decomposition of the Gini used to analyze how changes in income and consumption sources affect overall inequality. The paper then provides a wide range of policy applications of the source decomposition of the extended Gini index, including techniques for analyzing the impact on inequality of the targeting of programs as opposed to the rules for the allocation of benefits among program participants. This unpublished version of the paper in Russian was translated from an English version published in the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Sourcebook.
2002-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10489/1/MPRA_paper_10489.pdf
Wodon, Quentin and Yitzhaki, Shlomo (2002): Неравенство и общественное благосостояние.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10512
2019-10-01T03:54:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3431
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D44:4439:443930
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10512/
Allais-anonymity as an alternative to the discounted-sum criterion in the calculus of optimal growth I: Consensual optimality
Mabrouk, Mohamed
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
O30 - General
D90 - General
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
The objective of this work is to try to define and calculate the optimal growth path, in the presence of exogenous technical change, without resorting to the discounted-sum criterion. The solution suggested is to consider an optimality criterion expressing an Allais-anonymous intergenerational consensus. The partial characterization of consensual optimality was made possible thanks to the decomposition of the dual of the space of sub-geometric sequences of reason p. The main finding is a relation between the marginal rate of substitution between bequest and heritage, and the growth rate, relation which is a necessary condition for consensual optimality. The necessary study of the Pareto-optimality of the consensual optimum is the subject of a forthcoming paper "Allais-anonymity as an alternative to the discounted-sum criterion in the calculus of optimal growth II: Pareto optimality and some economic interpretations".
2006-04-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10512/1/MPRA_paper_10512.pdf
Mabrouk, Mohamed (2006): Allais-anonymity as an alternative to the discounted-sum criterion in the calculus of optimal growth I: Consensual optimality.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10532
2019-10-01T12:14:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10532/
On Meritocratic Inequality Indices
Kobus, Martyna
Miloś, Piotr
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
We establish a Theorem on Structural Inequality Indices which provides fundamental link between inequality measurement and a concept of social justice embedded in
meritocracy framework by taking axiomatic approach and redefining standard properties of inequality indices in a way that incorporates meritocracy, in particular equality of
opportunity concept of Roemer (1998). Taking into account recent proof Benabou(2000) that meritocracy contributes positively to growth, which break the conventional trade off
between equity and efficiency, the theorem provides for their connection with the theory of inequality measurement. If an index is to be both an inequality index and meritocratic it has to be of a form given in our theorem. We then propose a two-dimensional measure of meritocratic inequality index and discuss its advantages over standard Gini index and in reflecting better the nature of inequality in a society.
2008-08-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10532/1/MPRA_paper_10532.pdf
Kobus, Martyna and Miloś, Piotr (2008): On Meritocratic Inequality Indices.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10754
2019-09-26T18:38:32Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10754/
The Notion of "Sustainable Development"
Amundsen, Eirik S.
Asheim, Geir
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
B41 - Economic Methodology
The notion of ‘sustainable development’ was introduced on the political agenda by the World Commission on Environment and Development through its report (WCED, 1987), also called the Brundtland Report. Since the publication of the Brundtland Report the notion of sustainability has been used (and abused) a rich variety of ways. The present purpose is to give a clarifying interpretation of this notion. We will consider sustainability to be a requirement for a just distribution of quality of life between generations. The question of intergenerational justice has become a question of increasing importance in the latter years, since it is now in the capacity of the current generation to ruin the natural and environmental resource base of our descendants.
1991
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10754/1/MPRA_paper_10754.pdf
Amundsen, Eirik S. and Asheim, Geir (1991): The Notion of "Sustainable Development". Published in: The Nordic Journal of Environmental Economics , Vol. Vol. 2, (November 1991): pp. 10-14.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10789
2019-10-29T06:28:25Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10805
2019-09-27T09:03:57Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10805/
Quels fondements pour la lutte contre la pauvreté? Connaissance et motivation chez Rawls et Wresinski
Wodon, Quentin
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
Rawls and Wresinski are both concerned about the poor, but their approaches regarding what is needed to achieve social justice are very different. This paper focuses on the issue of the knowledge and motivation necessary to fight poverty. We suggest that the Wresinski approach advocating an in-depth knowledge of the poor and of the obstacles that they face in their daily lives represents a challenge to the veil of ignorance conceptual framework advocated by Rawls. In terms of motivation, while both authors do advocate some form of overlapping consensus in order to achieve a shared vision of the requirements of social justice, there are nevertheless important differences between them in how they outline the responsibilities of individuals in the fight against poverty.
1998-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10805/1/MPRA_paper_10805.pdf
Wodon, Quentin (1998): Quels fondements pour la lutte contre la pauvreté? Connaissance et motivation chez Rawls et Wresinski. Published in: Portrait socio-économique de la Belgique (CIFOP, edited by B. Lypsic and P. Pestieau) No. 13ème Congrès des Economistes Belges de Langue Française (1998): pp. 345-362.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10926
2019-09-30T17:09:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10926/
Analysis of Intergenerational Inequality: the Role of Public Expenditure and Taxation
Emanuele, Canegrati
E62 - Fiscal Policy
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
In this paper I analyse the impact of public expenditure and income taxation on intergenerational inequality for seventeen countries. Age group Gini index is calculated by using data from the Luxemburg Income Study (LIS). Results are very robust in demonstrating that only income taxation is able to influence the level of intergenerational inequality, since it directly a¤ects the wealth of households. Otherwise, public expenditure
seems to have no impact on individuals' welfare, even if we consider public expenditure components which should be tailored for specific cohorts.
Different hypotheses on standard errors are considered, in order to detect the presence of one-way or two-way fixed effects.
2008-10-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10926/1/MPRA_paper_10926.pdf
Emanuele, Canegrati (2008): Analysis of Intergenerational Inequality: the Role of Public Expenditure and Taxation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11275
2019-09-27T07:01:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3537
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11275/
Inequality in happiness: inequality in countries compared across countries
Veenhoven, Ruut
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
Cross-national studies on happiness have focused on differences in level of happiness. The focus of this paper is on spread in happiness in the nation, also called ‘inequality in happiness’. Inequality in happiness in nations can be measured by the size of the standard deviation of responses to survey questions about the ‘overall appreciation of one’s life-as-a-whole’.
This paper considers spread in happiness in 28 countries around 1980. Contrary to notions of a ‘divided’ society none of these countries shows a bi-modal distribution of happiness. All distribution are uni-modal, but the distributions are not equally flat. There are considerable differences in size of the standard deviations. These differences are not a statistical artifact of variation in level of happiness and appear quite constant through time.
Inequality in happiness appears to be greater in the socio-economically most unequal countries and smaller in politically democratic and economically developed nations. Contrary to expectation, inequality in happiness appears to be more closely linked to social equality among rich nations than among not-so-rich ones.
1990
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11275/1/MPRA_paper_11275.pdf
Veenhoven, Ruut (1990): Inequality in happiness: inequality in countries compared across countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11533
2019-09-27T08:38:54Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D45:4534:453434
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453236
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483231
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D48:4838:483837
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473238
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483236
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11533/
Starting Over: The Automated Payment Transaction Tax
Feige, Edgar L.
E62 - Fiscal Policy
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
E26 - Informal Economy ; Underground Economy
A10 - General
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
H21 - Efficiency ; Optimal Taxation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
H87 - International Fiscal Issues ; International Public Goods
G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
This paper proposes a 21st century global fiscal architecture to replace the present system of personal and corporate income, sales, excise, capital gains, import and export duties, gift and estate taxes with a single comprehensive revenue neutral Automated Payment Transaction (APT) tax. In its simplest form, the APT tax consists of a flat tax levied on all transactions. The tax is automatically assessed and collected when transactions are settled through the electronic technology of the banking/ payments system. The APT tax introduces progressivity through the tax base rather than via the rate structure. Since roughly 85% of all transactions involve the exchange of financial instruments, it is the wealthy who carry out a disproportionate share of total transactions and therefore bear a disproportionate burden of the tax despite its flat rate structure. The automated recording of all APT tax payments by firms and individuals creates a degree of transparency and perceived fairness that induces greater tax compliance. Also, the tax has lower administrative and compliance cost. Like all taxes, the APT tax creates new distortions whose costs must be weighted against the benefits obtained by replacing the current tax system.
2001-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11533/1/MPRA_paper_11533.pdf
Feige, Edgar L. (2001): Starting Over: The Automated Payment Transaction Tax. Published in: The Milken Institute Review , Vol. 3, No. 1 : pp. 42-53.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12196
2019-09-29T14:11:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12196/
Analyse des conditions de l'habitat en Tunisie: une approche par la statistique multivariée
Filali, Radhouane
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
This paper discusses housing condition in Tunisia in the late 1990s, using a housing condition indicator that relies on less arbitrary weights. Evidences from household survey data indicate that despite the substantial improvement of tunisian's housing condition between 1994 and 2001, great disparities between urban and rural areas and between regions prevail. Moreover, it is shown that public authorities should stimulate the supply of social housing and local services in order to reduce housing poverty and disparities.
2008-06-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12196/1/MPRA_paper_12196.pdf
Filali, Radhouane (2008): Analyse des conditions de l'habitat en Tunisie: une approche par la statistique multivariée.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12298
2019-09-29T00:04:02Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12298/
Inequality and Social Welfare
Wodon, Quentin
Yitzhaki, Shlomo
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
This paper provides a review of part of the literature on inequality and social welfare, with a special focus on the Gini index. The paper first presents the extended Gini index used for measuring inequality, as well as the source decomposition of the Gini used to analyze how changes in income and consumption sources affect overall inequality. The paper then provides a wide range of policy applications of the source decomposition of the extended Gini index, including techniques for analyzing the impact on inequality of the targeting of programs as opposed to the rules for the allocation of benefits among program participants.
2002-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12298/1/MPRA_paper_12298.pdf
Wodon, Quentin and Yitzhaki, Shlomo (2002): Inequality and Social Welfare. Published in: A Sourcebook for Poverty Reduction Strategies , Vol. 1, (April 2002): pp. 75-104.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12309
2019-09-27T20:43:04Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483232
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12309/
Who Benefits from Increased Access to Public Services at the Local Level? A Marginal Benefit Incidence Analysis for Education and Basic Infrastructure
Ajwad, Mohamed Ishan
Wodon, Quentin
H22 - Incidence
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
Do poor people benefit more or less than the nonpoor from an expansion in access to public services? And do those benefits depend on the existing level of access? Answering these questions is essential to strategies for empowering
(or “investing in”) poor people, but the lack of panel data or repeated crosssectional data in poor countries has often made it impossible. This paper proposes a methodology for answering these questions using data from only a single cross-section survey. We argue that the methodology may be useful for monitoring the allocation of public expenditures in a context of decentralization, and we demonstrate this by applying it to local-level data from Bolivia and Paraguay. The results indicate that the marginal benefit incidence is higher (or at least not systematically lower) for the poor than for the nonpoor
in education, but this is not the case for many basic infrastructure services. More generally, the poor seem to gain access only once the nonpoor already have high levels of access. This suggests that pro-poor policies must be implemented if the poor are to reap the benefits of gains in access faster.
2002-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12309/1/MPRA_paper_12309.pdf
Ajwad, Mohamed Ishan and Wodon, Quentin (2002): Who Benefits from Increased Access to Public Services at the Local Level? A Marginal Benefit Incidence Analysis for Education and Basic Infrastructure. Published in: World Bank Economists' Forum , Vol. 2, (July 2002): pp. 155-175.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12715
2018-03-11T07:43:43Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12752
2019-09-27T20:10:49Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443533
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12752/
Derivative Instruments and Islamic Finance: Some Thoughts for a Reconsideration
Bacha, Obiyathulla I.
D53 - Financial Markets
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
Z12 - Religion
This paper examines contemporary derivative instruments and the Islamic viewpoint of these new instruments. The validity and permissibility of these instruments appears to vary by scholar. Even where Islamic scholars have found them to be objectionable, their reasons for objection differs. Much of the work by Islamic scholars has been of a highly juridical nature. They examine derivatives within narrow confines of contractual arrangements and thereby miss the broader picture of why instruments like futures and options are needed in modern business environments.
This paper analyzes forwards, futures and options, examines the evolution of these instruments, their unique benefits and makes a case for why they are needed. Islamic Finance instruments with derivative like features such as the Ba’i Salam and Istijrar contracts are also examined. Some of the key concerns that Islamic scholars have regarding derivatives is addressed.
The paper is divided into four parts. Part 1, outlines the objective and introduces derivative instruments. Part 2, examines the Islamic viewpoint and shariah conditions for financial instruments. Part 3, examines Ba’i Salam and Istijrar contracts. Part 4, clarifies why some of the objections of Islamic scholars regarding features and trading mechanism may be misplaced and concludes.
1999-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12752/1/MPRA_paper_12752.pdf
Bacha, Obiyathulla I. (1999): Derivative Instruments and Islamic Finance: Some Thoughts for a Reconsideration. Published in: International Journal of Islamic Financial Services , Vol. 1, No. 1 (April 1999): pp. 9-25.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12773
2019-09-30T07:29:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D49:4933
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443634
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12773/
The Determinants of Private Transfers in Rural Vietnam
Eozenou, Patrick
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
O10 - General
I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
D64 - Altruism ; Philanthropy
We use the Vietnam Living Standard Survey conducted in 1993 and in 1998 to analyze the determinants of private transfers among rural farmers. Private transfers are widespread and important relative to pre-transfer income levels of recipients in both years. Conducting parametric and semiparametric analysis of single-index models for transfer status, we find that private transfers help smoothing income across the life cycle and across states of nature. Pre-transfer income is positively related to the net donor status and negatively associated with the net recipients status, especially for low levels of income. These results suggest that crowding-out of public redistributive policies targeted to the rural poor might be an issue to take into account in Vietnam.
2008-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12773/1/MPRA_paper_12773.pdf
Eozenou, Patrick (2008): The Determinants of Private Transfers in Rural Vietnam.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12774
2019-09-26T20:32:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12774/
The undercut procedure: an algorithm for the envy-free division of indivisible items
Brams, Steven J.
Kilgour, D. Marc
Klamler, Christian
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
C72 - Noncooperative Games
We propose a procedure for dividing indivisible items between two players in which each player ranks the items from best to worst and has no information about the other player’s ranking. It ensures that each player receives a subset of items that it values more than the other player’s complementary subset, given that such an envy-free division is possible. We show that the possibility of one player’s undercutting the other’s proposal, and implementing the reduced subset for himself or herself, makes the proposer “reasonable” and generally leads to an envy-free division, even when the players rank items exactly the same. Although the undercut procedure is manipulable, each player’s maximin strategy is to be truthful. Applications of the undercut procedure are briefly discussed.
2009-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12774/1/MPRA_paper_12774.pdf
Brams, Steven J. and Kilgour, D. Marc and Klamler, Christian (2009): The undercut procedure: an algorithm for the envy-free division of indivisible items.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12776
2019-09-29T02:16:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12776/
Minimizing regret when dissolving a partnership
Athanassoglou, Stergios
Brams, Steven J.
Sethuraman, Jay
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
C72 - Noncooperative Games
We study the problem of dissolving an equal-entitlement partnership when the objective is to minimize maximum regret. We initially focus on the family of linear-pricing mechanisms and derive regret-optimizing strategies. We also demonstrate that there exist linear-pricing mechanisms satisfying ex-post efficiency. Next, we analyze a binary-search mechanism which is ex-post individually rational. We discuss connections with the standard Bayesian-Nash framework for both linear and binary-search mechanisms. On a more general level, we show that if entitlements are unequal, ex-post efficiency and ex-post individual rationality impose significant restrictions on permissible mechanisms. In particular, they rule out both linear and binary-search mechanisms.
2008-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12776/1/MPRA_paper_12776.pdf
Athanassoglou, Stergios and Brams, Steven J. and Sethuraman, Jay (2008): Minimizing regret when dissolving a partnership.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13183
2019-09-28T16:39:21Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13183/
Equal employment practices
Syed, Jawad
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
J71 - Discrimination
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
In this article, the author has discussed that in Pakistan, EEO is rather an issue of education than legislation or implementation.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13183/1/MPRA_paper_13183.pdf
Syed, Jawad (2003): Equal employment practices. Published in: Pakistan and Gulf Economist , Vol. Sep 29, No. 39 (2003): pp. 34-37.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13459
2019-10-04T22:04:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523130
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523530
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13459/
Quality of Life in the Regions: An Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis for West German Labor Markets
Rusche, Karsten
R10 - General
R50 - General
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
Which of Germanys regions is the most attractive? Where is it best to live and work - on
objective grounds? These questions are summed up in the concept “quality of life”. This
paper uses recent research projects that determine this parameter to examine the spatial
distribution of quality of life in Germany. For this purpose, an Exploratory Spatial Data
Analysis is conducted which focuses on identifying statistically significant (dis-)similarities
in space. An initial result of this research is that it is important to choose the aggregation
level of administrative units carefully when considering a spatial analysis. The level plays a
crucial role in the strength and impact of spatial effects. In concentrating on various labor
market areas, this paper identifies a significant spatial autocorrelation in the quality of life,
which seems to be characterized by a North-Mid-South divide. In addition, the ESDA results
are used to augment the regression specifications, which helps to avoid the occurrence
of spatial dependencies in the residuals.
2008-10-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13459/1/MPRA_paper_13459.pdf
Rusche, Karsten (2008): Quality of Life in the Regions: An Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis for West German Labor Markets.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13526
2019-09-27T15:37:19Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523130
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523530
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13526/
Quality of Life in the Regions: An Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis for West German Labor Markets
Rusche, Karsten
R10 - General
R50 - General
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
Which of Germanys regions is the most attractive? Where is it best to live and work - on
objective grounds? These questions are summed up in the concept “quality of life”. This
paper uses recent research projects that determine this parameter to examine the spatial
distribution of quality of life in Germany. For this purpose, an Exploratory Spatial Data
Analysis is conducted which focuses on identifying statistically significant (dis-)similarities
in space. An initial result of this research is that it is important to choose the aggregation
level of administrative units carefully when considering a spatial analysis. The level plays a
crucial role in the strength and impact of spatial effects. In concentrating on various labor
market areas, this paper identifies a significant spatial autocorrelation in the quality of life,
which seems to be characterized by a North-Mid-South divide. In addition, the ESDA results
are used to augment the regression specifications, which helps to avoid the occurrence
of spatial dependencies in the residuals.
2008-10-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13526/1/MPRA_paper_13526.pdf
Rusche, Karsten (2008): Quality of Life in the Regions: An Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis for West German Labor Markets. Published in: CAWM Discussion Papers No. 10 (2008)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13953
2019-09-28T16:31:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13953/
La filosofía ética de la Teoría del Equilibrio General
Loaiza Quintero, Osmar Leandro
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
D30 - General
Walrasian General Equilibrium Theory puts no restriction on the income distribution that results from the market functioning, since this theory purportedly excludes the analysis of distribution related problems, as they may imply the introduction of normative considerations. However, the absence of some kind of equity criteria, namely, of a normative judgment regarding the desirable distribution of wealth or income, is not a proof about the amorality of this theory; on the contrary, such an absence is due to the kind of value judgments underlying it. The aim of this paper is then to expose those value judgments that lie at the very base of the Walrasian General Equilibrium Theory, which explain the absence of some equity related criteria and to examine some alternatives that aim to solve this shortage.
2008-10-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13953/1/MPRA_paper_13953.pdf
Loaiza Quintero, Osmar Leandro (2008): La filosofía ética de la Teoría del Equilibrio General.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14390
2019-09-28T04:52:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14390/
¿Desaparece la clase media en México?: Una aplicación de la polarización por subgrupos entre 1984 y 2000.
Huesca, Luis
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper empirically applies the statistical approaches to the phenomenon of polarization generated by Esteban, et al. (1999) and Gradín (2000) in order to quantify the evolution of the middle class in Mexico and the role of various household attributes in the formation of groups during 1984-2000. It is assumed that the formation of extreme groups and the clustering process in every society is determined not only by equivalent income, but also by socioeconomic characteristics of the household. Micro-data of the National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure (ENIGH) is used, so that household disposable equivalent income is related to the attributes of the household head. Once the social groups are quantified, an ordered probit model is settled out so influences of characteristics are attached to them and respective probabilities and marginal effects are obtained. Findings reveal that both a huge gap between poor and rich incomes and the effect that education induces to separate the sub-populations groups, lead to increases in polarization engendering a weaker middle class in the distribution. It is also found that a higher effort is required in order to improve household conditions within the Mexican society between 1984 and 2000.
2004-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14390/1/MPRA_paper_14390.pdf
Huesca, Luis (2004): ¿Desaparece la clase media en México?: Una aplicación de la polarización por subgrupos entre 1984 y 2000.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14672
2019-09-28T04:07:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503433
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14672/
Equity of health care financing in Iran
Hajizadeh, Mohammad
Connelly, Luke B.
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
P43 - Public Economics ; Financial Economics
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
This study presents the rst analyses of the equity of health care financing in Iran. Kakwani Progressivity Indices (KPIs) and concentration indices (CIs) are estimated using ten national household expenditure surveys, which were conducted in Iran from 1995/96 to 2004/05.
The indices are used to analyze the progressivity of two sources of health care financing: health insurance premium payments and consumer co-payments (and the sum of these), for Iran as a whole, and for rural and urban areas of Iran, separately. The results suggest that health insurance premium payments became more progressive over the study period; however the KPIs for consumer co-payments suggest
that these are still mildly regressive or slightly progressive, depending upon whether household income or expenditure data are used to generate the indices. Interestingly, the Urban Inpatient Insurance Scheme
(UIIS), which was introduced by the Iranian government in 2000 to extend insurance to uninsured urban dwellers, appears to have had a regressive impact on health care nancing, which is contrary to expectations. This result sounds a cautionary note about the potential for
public programs to crowd out private sector, charitable activity, which was prevalent in Iran prior to the introduction of the UIIS.
2009-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14672/1/MPRA_paper_14672.pdf
Hajizadeh, Mohammad and Connelly, Luke B. (2009): Equity of health care financing in Iran.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14701
2019-09-27T16:28:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413133
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433932
7375626A656374733D43:4330
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443634
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14701/
Modeling Social Preferences: A Generalized Model of Inequity Aversion
Khan, Hayat
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior
C0 - General
D64 - Altruism ; Philanthropy
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
Taking note of the wide variety and growing list of models in the literature to explain patterns of behavior observed in laboratory experiments, this paper identifies two tests, the Variety Test (ability of a model to explain outcomes under variety or alternative scenarios) and the Psychological Test (ability of a model to conform to psychological intuition), that can be used to judge any model of other regarding preferences. It is argued that for a mathematical model to qualify as a social welfare function, it must simultaneously pass the two tests. It is shown that none of the models proposed to date passes these two tests simultaneously. The paper proposes a generalized model of inequity aversion which parsimoniously explains interior solution in the dictator game and dynamics of outcomes in other games. The paper postulates that ones idea of equitable distribution is state dependent where the state is determined by psychological and structural parameters. The state could be fair, superior or inferior. Individuals in a fair state have zero equity-bias and split the pie evenly. Those in a superior (inferior) state have positive (negative) equity-bias and value more (less) than fair distribution as equitable distribution. Given psychological tendencies of an individual, every experimental design/structure assigns one of the three states to players which lead to individual specific valuation of equity. Prediction about outcomes across different experiments and designs can be made through predicting its impact on equity-bias. All aspects of an individual’s behavior, such as altruism, fairness, reciprocity, self-serving bias, kindness, intentions etc, manifest itself in equity-bias. The model therefore is all-encompassing.
2009-01-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14701/1/MPRA_paper_14701.pdf
Khan, Hayat (2009): Modeling Social Preferences: A Generalized Model of Inequity Aversion.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14746
2019-09-28T16:30:49Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14746/
Réttlæti og sérhagsmunir
Baldursson, Fridrik M.
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
K10 - General
This paper briefly summarizes recent research on justice, in particular Konow’s (2003) positive theory of justice. This research is then applied to recent events in Iceland: the attempt by Iceland’s largest bank to take over a savings bank. Shortly after the deal was announced the Icelandic Parliament quickly and unanimously passed a law which blocked it by creating a hold-up situation for the savings bank board: if it converts the bank to a corporation – as is necessary prior to takeover – an outside board will replace the present board. It is argued that the strong support for the law is puzzling when seen from the perspective of theories of pressure groups, regulatory threat and privatization. However, the paper claims that this may be explained by positive analysis of justice: the board played an ultimatum game against the general public and made what was perceived as an unfair proposal. The proposal was soundly rejected by the public, as usually happens when unfair offers are made in ultimatum games.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14746/1/MPRA_paper_14746.pdf
Baldursson, Fridrik M. (2004): Réttlæti og sérhagsmunir. Published in: Fjármálatíðindi , Vol. 51, No. 2 (2004): pp. 78-86.
is
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14749
2019-10-05T14:04:02Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14749/
Réttlæti og sérhagsmunir
Baldursson, Fridrik M.
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
K10 - General
This paper briefly summarizes recent research on justice, in particular Konow’s (2003) positive theory of justice. This research is then applied to recent events in Iceland: the attempt by Iceland’s largest bank to take over a savings bank. Shortly after the deal was announced the Icelandic Parliament quickly and unanimously passed a law which blocked it by creating a hold-up situation for the savings bank board: if it converts the bank to a corporation – as is necessary prior to takeover – an outside board will replace the present board. It is argued that the strong support for the law is puzzling when seen from the perspective of theories of pressure groups, regulatory threat and privatization. However, the paper claims that this may be explained by positive analysis of justice: the board played an ultimatum game against the general public and made what was perceived as an unfair proposal. The proposal was soundly rejected by the public, as usually happens when unfair offers are made in ultimatum games.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14749/1/MPRA_paper_14749.pdf
Baldursson, Fridrik M. (2004): Réttlæti og sérhagsmunir. Published in: Fjármálatíðindi , Vol. 51, No. 2 (2004): pp. 78-86.
is
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14930
2019-09-27T10:01:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14930/
Axiomatic foundation for Lindahl pricing in the NIMBY context
Laurent-Lucchetti, Jérémy
Leroux, Justin
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
H41 - Public Goods
The siting of public facilities, such as prisons, airports or
incinerators for hazardous waste typically faces social rejection by local
populations (the "NIMBY" syndrome, for Not In My BackYard). These
public goods exhibit a private bad aspect which creates an asymmetry:
all involved communities benet from their existence, but only one (the
host community) bears the local negative externality. We view the siting
problem as a cost sharing issue and provide an axiomatic foundation
for Lindahl pricing in this context. The set of axioms we introduce are
specically designed to overcome the asymmetry of the problem.
2009-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14930/1/MPRA_paper_14930.pdf
Laurent-Lucchetti, Jérémy and Leroux, Justin (2009): Axiomatic foundation for Lindahl pricing in the NIMBY context.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14976
2019-09-26T17:55:28Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3536
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453631
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14976/
Marco de análisis sobre la relevancia de los programas de maestría para el desarrollo territorial en América Central y en los Andes
Mora-Alfaro, Jorge
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
N56 - Latin America ; Caribbean
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
E61 - Policy Objectives ; Policy Designs and Consistency ; Policy Coordination
D60 - General
In this document takes place an analysis on the main rural development tendencies in the Central American and Andean countries. Also, it presents a synthesis of the main academic and political debates related to the policies and strategies of rural development impelled in these sub regions. The contents of the document offer a frame to carry out a process of self-analysis by a group of postgraduate programs in territorial development from these countries.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14976/1/MPRA_paper_14976.pdf
Mora-Alfaro, Jorge (2009): Marco de análisis sobre la relevancia de los programas de maestría para el desarrollo territorial en América Central y en los Andes. Published in: Programa Dinámicas Territoriales Rurales. Rimisp, Santiago, Chile. , Vol. Docume, (2009): pp. 1-89.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15044
2019-09-26T10:37:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3135
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15044/
Intra-Provincial Inequalities and Economic Growth in China
Kochanowicz, Jacek
Rymaszewska, Joanna
Tyrowicz, Joanna
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
N15 - Asia including Middle East
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
This paper approaches the problem of inequalities in China. It is specifically focused on analyzing the effects of intra-provincial disparities on provincial economic development. Rising inequalities have been widely discussed in the literature on the examples of fast growing developing countries like Brazil, India. However, each of these countries existed in a different socio-political context. Should and is anything done to contain the rising inequalities? This is something the world is struggling now not only with respect to the Chinese case. In the broadest sense, there seem to be two kinds of answers. One, more “European”, or “social/Christian/democratic” is that too much inequality is morally hard to accept and also bad for social cohesion. Another, more neo-liberal or “American” says that while much should be done to alleviate poverty, economic inequality is not a reason for concern, that it is inevitable (reflecting varying endowments of individuals) and in some way also positive as motivating for work and innovation. Inequalities, as measured by Theil index, seem to be positively related to growth. However, a more profound analysis suggests highly diversified patterns, which suggests many conclusions about actual policy-making standards in China.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15044/1/MPRA_paper_15044.pdf
Kochanowicz, Jacek and Rymaszewska, Joanna and Tyrowicz, Joanna (2008): Intra-Provincial Inequalities and Economic Growth in China.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15048
2019-10-01T04:46:55Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D50:5030
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443530
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443433
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15048/
La crisis económica actual: una visión desde la economía política
Sergio, Reuben
P0 - General
D50 - General
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
P16 - Political Economy
The paper criticizes the conception of value on behalf of the conventional economic theory, blaming it for the current economic school’s incapacity to explain the actual economic crisis and to offer an adequate perspective to settle a solution. It proposes an explanation based on the tendency to concentration and centralization of capital’s accumulation and its effects on income distribution, which conforms inadequate and unbalanced structures of production and distribution, withdrawn from the appropri-ate and thorough use of scarce common resources. In the middle, long term, these structures determine ruptures in the process of accumulation of capital triggering crisis like the actual. The theory of regulation is used in this paper, in order to explain the growth of concentration and centralization of capital and of social gap during the last years, which is understood as the result of the crisis of Fordist regime of accumu-lation and of the surge of a new transnational regime.
2009-03-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15048/1/MPRA_paper_15048.pdf
Sergio, Reuben (2009): La crisis económica actual: una visión desde la economía política. Forthcoming in: Revista de Ciencias Económicas , Vol. 16, No. 2
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15330
2019-10-05T16:36:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513233
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15330/
Distributional Aspect of Forest Income: A Study on JFM and non-JFM Forest Dependent Households
Das, Nimai
Sarker, Debnarayan
Q23 - Forestry
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
H41 - Public Goods
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
This study suggests that there is a narrower scope to expand inequality with the increase in forest sources of income to total income relative to non-forest income irrespective of the type of villages and types of FPCs. The addition of forest income in the JFM households after JFM reduces measured income inequality by about twelve percent, all else equal. But no such perceptible decrease has been found after JFM situation for non-JFM households. Categorically, forest income plays the dominant role in reducing measured income inequality for poor households who are relatively asset poor and that also live below poverty line. But this study also lends credence to the fact that the non-involvement in the JFM programme by the non-JFM households might bring about a major environmental shirking, because illegal timber income constitutes the major part of all sources of income for non-JFM households even after JFM situation.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15330/1/MPRA_paper_15330.pdf
Das, Nimai and Sarker, Debnarayan (2008): Distributional Aspect of Forest Income: A Study on JFM and non-JFM Forest Dependent Households.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15475
2019-10-01T15:44:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3431
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D44:4439:443930
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15475/
Allais-anonymity as an alternative to the discounted-sum criterion in the calculus of optimal growth II: Pareto optimality and some economic interpretations
Mabrouk, Mohamed
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
O30 - General
D90 - General
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
This paper studies the Pareto-optimality of the consensual optimum established in "Allais-anonymity as an alternative to the discounted-sum criterion I: consensual optimality" (Mabrouk 2006a). For that, a Pareto-optimality criterion is set up by the application of the generalized Karush, Kuhn and Tucker theorem and thanks to the decomposition of the space of geometrically-growing real sequences. That makes it possible to find sufficient conditions so that a bequest-rule path is Pareto-optimal. Through an example, it is then shown that the golden rule must be checked to achieve Allais-anonymous optimality.
The introduction of an additive altruism makes it possible to highlight the intergenerational-preference rate compatible with Allais-anonymous optimality. In this approach, it is not any more the optimality which depends on the intergenerational-preference rate, but the optimal intergenerational-preference rate which rises from Allais-anonymous optimality.
2006-04-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15475/1/MPRA_paper_15475.pdf
Mabrouk, Mohamed (2006): Allais-anonymity as an alternative to the discounted-sum criterion in the calculus of optimal growth II: Pareto optimality and some economic interpretations.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15580
2019-09-28T00:29:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15580/
Poverty and disability among elderly in India: evidences from household survey
Pandey, Manoj K.
C13 - Estimation: General
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
The paper examines the causal relationship between disability and poverty among Indian elderly. Using different poverty measures and statistical tests, the paper also attempts to analyze the depth of poverty among disabled elderly. A special round of National Sample Survey data on disability is used for this purpose. The results confirm the hypothesis of causal relationship between poverty and disability. Further, our analysis suggests for higher level of poverty and income inequality among disabled elderly and differences in the income levels vary significantly across different age groups, gender, social group and educational status.
2009-06-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15580/1/MPRA_paper_15580.pdf
Pandey, Manoj K. (2009): Poverty and disability among elderly in India: evidences from household survey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15922
2019-09-28T10:51:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15922/
Poverty and disability among Indian elderly: evidence from household survey
Pandey, Manoj K.
C13 - Estimation: General
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
This paper attempts to analyze the depth of poverty and examines the causal relationship between disability and poverty among Indian elderly. We use 58th round of National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) data surveyed in 2002. Our analysis finds higher level of poverty and income inequality among disabled elderly as compared to non-disabled elderly and those differences in the income levels vary significantly across different age groups, gender, social groups and educational status. Finally, the estimation results confirm the hypothesis of causal relationship between poverty and disability.
2009-06-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15922/1/MPRA_paper_15922.pdf
Pandey, Manoj K. (2009): Poverty and disability among Indian elderly: evidence from household survey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15930
2019-09-29T06:15:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15930/
Poverty and disability among Indian elderly: evidence from household survey
Pandey, Manoj K.
C13 - Estimation: General
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
This paper attempts to analyze the depth of poverty and examines the causal relationship between disability and poverty among Indian elderly. We use 58th round of National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) data surveyed in 2002. Our analysis finds higher level of poverty and income inequality among disabled elderly as compared to non-disabled elderly and those differences in the income levels vary significantly across different age groups, gender, social groups and educational status. Finally, the estimation results confirm the hypothesis of causal relationship between poverty and disability.
2009-06-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15930/1/MPRA_paper_15930.pdf
Pandey, Manoj K. (2009): Poverty and disability among Indian elderly: evidence from household survey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16256
2019-10-06T21:56:42Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16256/
The Extended Atkinson Family and Changes in the Expenditure Distribution: Spain 1973/74-2003
Goerlich, Francisco José
Lasso de la Vega, Mª Casilda
Urrutia, Ana Marta
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
This paper emphasizes the properties of a family of inequality measures which extends the Atkinson indices and is axiomatically characterized by a multiplicative decomposition property where the withingroup component is a generalized weighted mean with weights summing exactly to 1. This family contains canonical forms of all aggregative inequality measures, each bounded above by 1, has a useful and intuitive geometric interpretation and provides an alternative dominance criterion for ordering distributions in terms of inequality.
Taking the Spanish Household Budget Surveys (HBS) for 1973/74, 1980/81, and 1990/91 and the more recent Continuous HBS for 2003, we show the advantages and possibilities of this extended family in regard to completing and detailing information in studies of inequality focussing on the tails of the distribution and on the changes in the distribution when the population is partitioned into population subgroups.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16256/1/MPRA_paper_16256.pdf
Goerlich, Francisco José and Lasso de la Vega, Mª Casilda and Urrutia, Ana Marta (2009): The Extended Atkinson Family and Changes in the Expenditure Distribution: Spain 1973/74-2003. Published in: Journal of Income Distribution , Vol. 18, No. 1 (2009): pp. 20-41.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16339
2019-09-26T18:09:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16339/
The Welfare Effects of Social Mobility
Fischer, Justina AV
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
A14 - Sociology of Economics
The question whether a socially mobile society is conducive to subjective well-being (SWB) has rarely been investigated. This paper fills this gap by analyzing the SWB effects of intergenerational earnings mobility and equality in education at the societal level. Using socio-demographic information on 44’000 individuals in 30 OECD countries obtained from the World Values Survey, this study shows that living in a socially mobile society is conducive to individual life satisfaction. Differentiating between perceived and actual social mobility, we find that both exert rather independent effects, particularly in their interplay with income inequality. We identify a positive interaction of perceived social mobility that mitigates its overall SWB lowering effect, supporting Alesina et al. (2004). In contrast, a high degree of actual social mobility yields an overall impact of income inequality that is SWB lowering, while for low social mobility the effect of inequality is positive. These interactions hold stronger for pre-transfer than post-transfer income inequality. Actual social mobility appears to be appreciated only by conservative persons, while leftist oriented individuals are indifferent. Robustness using a world sample is tested.
2008-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16339/1/MPRA_paper_16339.pdf
Fischer, Justina AV (2008): The Welfare Effects of Social Mobility.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16558
2019-09-26T12:10:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413133
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493238
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16558/
Investment in Human Capital: Vocational vs. Academic Education
Orkodashvili, Mariam
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
I21 - Analysis of Education
I28 - Government Policy
The dilemma of providing effective education particularly in developing countries with limited resources and ambiguous calculations of rates of return due to unstable economies and labour market fluctuations makes it an absolute necessity to consider costs and benefits associated both with academic and vocational education.Through argumentation and scholarly literature analysis the paper brings together the benefits of academic education and emphasizes its multiple positive implications as opposed to secondary-school level vocational education that has a number of problematic issues to tackle. The argument further develops towards shifting vocational education from secondary-school level to on-the-job short-term technical trainings.The paper also brings arguments from scholarly literature that while rich developed countries can afford certain amount of vocationally oriented subjects incorporated into comprehensive secondary school curricula, the most optimal way for developing countries to find the solution to the problem would be to conduct vocational training courses at job places and adhere to general academic education in secondary schools.
2008-04-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16558/1/MPRA_paper_16558.pdf
Orkodashvili, Mariam (2008): Investment in Human Capital: Vocational vs. Academic Education.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16742
2019-09-27T08:13:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D43:4333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16742/
Capabilities measurement: an empirical investigation
HASAN, HAMID
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models ; Multiple Variables
Sen’s seminal contribution highlights the importance of positive freedom in the measurement of human welfare. The present paper attempts to measure this freedom aspect in an integrated approach. The main contribution of the paper is the simultaneous estimation of capability, functioning, and conversion efficiency with explicit modeling of freedom by latent variable modeling approach. The knowledge dimension of capabilities is modeled and estimated by integrating exploratory and confirmatory statistical methods in a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, Partial Least Squares method is employed to construct latent variable scores. These scores are transformed to relative scores for the sake of comparison and then used to estimate the proposed simultaneous-equation capability model by 3SLS in the
second stage. The results show that capability is inversely related to resources and positively related to freedom and functioning. The computed relative capability
and freedom inequality ratios are very high whereas relative functioning and efficiency inequality ratios are at a moderate level. The conventional income inequality ratio is lower as compared to the capability dimensions’ ratios and close to the Gini-coefficient. The paper extended the measurement of conversion inefficiency into voluntary and involuntary inefficiency. The paper also suggests criteria for evaluating empirical research within the capability approach framework.
The paper recommends development of specific survey instruments in order to create better indicators for capability dimensions and use of latent variable
modeling for constructing latent variable scores, and their subsequent use in estimation. These findings suggest a capabilities-oriented public and education policies for the enhancement of knowledge dimension of capabilities in particular and human welfare in general. The focus of education policy should be extended from investment oriented (human capital approach) to value-oriented (human
capability approach).
2009-06-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16742/1/MPRA_paper_16742.pdf
HASAN, HAMID (2009): Capabilities measurement: an empirical investigation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16968
2019-09-28T23:05:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413133
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433932
7375626A656374733D43:4330
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443634
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16968/
Modeling Social Preferences: A Generalized Model of Inequity Aversion
Khan, Hayat
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior
C0 - General
D64 - Altruism ; Philanthropy
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
Taking note of the wide variety and growing list of models in the literature to explain patterns of behavior observed in laboratory experiments, this paper identifies two tests, the Variety Test (ability of a model to explain outcomes under variety or alternative scenarios) and the Psychological Test (ability of a model to conform to psychological intuition), that can be used to judge any model of other-regarding behavior. It is argued that for a mathematical model to qualify as a social welfare function, it must simultaneously pass the two tests. It is shown that none of the models proposed to date passes these two tests simultaneously. The paper proposes a generalized model of inequity aversion which parsimoniously explains interior solution in the dictator game and dynamics of outcomes in other games. The paper postulates that one’s idea of equitable distribution is state-dependent, where the state is determined by psychological and structural parameters. The state could be fair, superior or inferior. Individuals in a fair state have zero equity-bias and split the pie evenly. Those in a superior (inferior) state have positive (negative) equity-bias and value more (less) than fair distribution as equitable distribution. Given psychological tendencies of an individual, every experimental design/structure assigns one of the three states to players which lead to individual-specific valuation of equity. Prediction about outcomes across different experiments and designs can be made through predicting their impact on equity-bias. All aspects of an individual’s behavior, such as altruism, fairness, reciprocity, self-serving bias, kindness, intentions etc, manifest themselves in the equity-bias. The model therefore is all-encompassing.
2009-01-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16968/1/MPRA_paper_16968.pdf
Khan, Hayat (2009): Modeling Social Preferences: A Generalized Model of Inequity Aversion.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17060
2019-10-09T10:07:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443730
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17060/
Social choice with approximate interpersonal comparisons of well-being
Pivato, Marcus
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D70 - General
Some social choice models assume that precise interpersonal comparisons of utility (either ordinal or cardinal) are possible, allowing a rich theory of distributive justice. Other models assume that absolutely no interpersonal comparisons are possible, or even meaningful; hence all Pareto-efficient outcomes are equally socially desirable. We compromise between these two extremes, by developing a model of `approximate' interpersonal comparisons of well-being, in terms of an incomplete preorder on the space of psychophysical states. We then define and characterize `approximate' versions of the classical egalitarian and utilitarian social welfare orderings. We show that even very weak assumptions about interpersonal comparability can yield preorders on the space of social alternatives which, while incomplete, are far more complete than the Pareto preorder (e.g. they select relatively small subsets of the Pareto frontier as being `socially optimal'). Along the way, we give sufficient conditions for an incomplete preorder to be representable using a collection of utility functions. We also develop a variant of Harsanyi's Social Aggregation Theorem.
2009-09-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17060/1/MPRA_paper_17060.pdf
Pivato, Marcus (2009): Social choice with approximate interpersonal comparisons of well-being.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17070
2019-09-26T22:39:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17070/
The Welfare Effects of Social Mobility: An Analysis for OECD countries.
Fischer, Justina AV
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
A14 - Sociology of Economics
The question whether a socially mobile society is conducive to subjective well-being (SWB) has rarely been investigated. This paper fills this gap by analyzing the SWB effects of intergenerational earnings mobility and equality in educational attainment at the societal level. Using socio-demographic information on 44’000 individuals in 30 OECD countries obtained from the World Values Survey 1997-2001, this study shows that living in a socially mobile society is conducive to individual life satisfaction. Differentiating between perceived and actual social mobility, we find that both exert rather independent effects, particularly in their interplay with income inequality. We identify a positive interaction of perceived social mobility that mitigates the overall SWB lowering effect of income inequality. In contrast to expectations, a high degree of actual social mobility yields an overall impact of income inequality that is SWB lowering, while for low social mobility the effect of inequality is positive. Thus, people bear income inequality more easily when they perceive their society as mobile, but also - surprisingly - when their society is actually rather immobile. These interactions hold stronger for pre-transfer than post-transfer income inequality suggesting that government redistribution disentangles the effect of income inequality from that of social mobility. Robustness using a world sample is tested.
2009-09-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17070/2/MPRA_paper_17070.pdf
Fischer, Justina AV (2009): The Welfare Effects of Social Mobility: An Analysis for OECD countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17222
2019-10-06T17:17:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443730
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17222/
Social choice with approximate interpersonal comparisons of well-being
Pivato, Marcus
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D70 - General
Some social choice models assume that precise interpersonal comparisons of utility (either ordinal or cardinal) are possible, allowing a rich theory of distributive justice. Other models assume that absolutely no interpersonal comparisons are possible, or even meaningful; hence all Pareto-efficient outcomes are equally socially desirable. We compromise between these two extremes, by developing a model of `approximate' interpersonal comparisons of well-being, in terms of an incomplete preorder on the space of psychophysical states. We then define and characterize `approximate' versions of the classical egalitarian and utilitarian social welfare orderings. We show that even very weak assumptions about interpersonal comparability can yield preorders on the space of social alternatives which, while incomplete, are far more complete than the Pareto preorder (e.g. they select relatively small subsets of the Pareto frontier as being `socially optimal'). We also develop a variant of Harsanyi's Social Aggregation Theorem.
2009-09-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17222/2/MPRA_paper_17222.pdf
Pivato, Marcus (2009): Social choice with approximate interpersonal comparisons of well-being.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17434
2019-10-01T04:44:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D41:4132
7375626A656374733D44:4431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17434/
A Theory of Educational Inequality Family and Agency Costs
Jellal, Mohamed
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
J1 - Demographic Economics
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
A2 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics
D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics
In this paper, we examine the consequences of imperfect information on the pattern of transfers from parents to children. Drawing on the theory of mechanism design, we consider a model of family contract with two levels of effort. We prove that equal transfers among children are expected under perfect information, while the second-best contract implies risksharing between the two generations, so that poor families experience higher agency costs..
2009-09-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17434/1/MPRA_paper_17434.pdf
Jellal, Mohamed (2009): A Theory of Educational Inequality Family and Agency Costs.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17569
2019-09-27T16:49:10Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413133
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17569/
Partnerships for Women's Health - Striving for Best Practice within the UN Global Compact / United Nations University Research Brief 1/2009 (www.unu.edu)
Timmermann, Martina
Kruesmann, Monika
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I12 - Health Behavior
H41 - Public Goods
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions ; Privatization ; Contracting Out
Every minute, at least one woman dies from pregnancy and childbirth complications; a further 20 suffer injury, infection or disease. Despite medical advances, and years of policy declarations, this tragic situation remains particularly severe in developing countries, violating a fundamental human right. Is a new approach possible, one that looks beyond common project paradigms and standards? What could such an approach look like, how might it operate, and what might be its effect?
The Women’s Health Initiative, an innovative public private partnership that drew reference from the UN Global Compact, provides a possible model.
2009-09-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17569/1/MPRA_paper_17569.pdf
Timmermann, Martina and Kruesmann, Monika (2009): Partnerships for Women's Health - Striving for Best Practice within the UN Global Compact / United Nations University Research Brief 1/2009 (www.unu.edu). Published in: UNU Research Brief No. 1/2009 : pp. 1-12.
en
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