2024-03-28T16:46:18Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:325
2019-09-27T08:10:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463539
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/325/
The Political Economy of Bilateralism and Multilateralism: Institutional Choice in Trade and Taxation
Rixen, Thomas
Rohlfing, Ingo
F59 - Other
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
Trade relations are governed by the multilateral GATT, whereas the avoidance of international double taxation rests on a network of around 2000 bilateral treaties. Given the two regimes’ similar economic rationales this difference between bilateralism in international double tax avoidance and multilateralism in the trade regime poses an empirical puzzle. In this paper we develop an answer to this puzzle. Differentiating between different stages of international cooperation, we first describe
the institutional form in the bargaining and agreement stages of cooperation. This
description shows that the regimes are quite similar in the bargaining stage, both exhibiting a mix of bilateral and multilateral bargaining. However, while agreement is multilateral in the trade regime it is bilateral in taxation. Based on stylized institutional histories of both cases we develop simple game theoretic models incorporating domestic level considerations. Building on these models we then go on to explain the institutional choice between bilateral and multilateral cooperation. We show that state concerns for the distribution of benefits can be best achieved under bilateral bargaining in both regimes. However, in order to lower transaction costs there are also elements of multilateral bargaining. Agreement is multilateral in trade in order to overcome a free-rider problem that results from an interaction of concerns for distribution and enforcement. Since such a problem of free-riding does not exist in taxation, there is no need for binding multilateral agreement.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/325/1/MPRA_paper_325.pdf
Rixen, Thomas and Rohlfing, Ingo (2005): The Political Economy of Bilateralism and Multilateralism: Institutional Choice in Trade and Taxation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:329
2019-09-28T18:37:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463531
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463539
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/329/
Internationale Kooperation im asymmetrischen Gefangenendilemma: Das OECD Projekt gegen schädlichen Steuerwettbewerb
Rixen, Thomas
F51 - International Conflicts ; Negotiations ; Sanctions
F59 - Other
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
Dieses Papier nimmt eine theoriegeleitete empirische Analyse des OECD Projekts gegen schädliche Steuerpraktiken vor. Auf der Grundlage der Literatur zur Handlungsfähigkeit von Na-tionalstaaten angesichts wirtschaftlicher Globalisierung wird ein theoretisches Modell des Steu-erwettbewerbs als asymmetrisches Gefangenendilemma entwickelt. Aus dieser Spielstruktur werden verschiedene Hypothesen über die Wahrscheinlichkeit und Form der internationalen Ko-operation generiert. Es kann zum Beispiel erwartet werden, dass Kooperation, sofern sie über-haupt zustande kommt, nur multilateral erfolgen wird. Des weiteren sieht das Modell die kleinen Staaten in der strukturell stärkeren Verhandlungsposition. Die Zusammenhänge, die diesen und weiteren Hypothesen unterliegen, werden mit sogenannten Schelling Diagrammen veranschau-licht.
Anschließend werden die Hypothesen mit dem empirischen Material konfrontiert. Es wird ge-zeigt, dass das Modell in wesentlichen Zügen zutreffende Vorhersagen generiert. Allerdings zeigt sich, dass die kleinen Staaten ihren ökonomisch definierten strukturellen Vorteil nicht in Ver-handlungsmacht verwandeln können. Abschließend wird diskutiert, inwieweit sich die Erklä-rungslücken des interessenbasierten Modells durch die Berücksichtigung der Faktoren Macht und Ideen schließen lassen.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/329/1/MPRA_paper_329.pdf
Rixen, Thomas (2005): Internationale Kooperation im asymmetrischen Gefangenendilemma: Das OECD Projekt gegen schädlichen Steuerwettbewerb.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:446
2019-09-27T05:32:33Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463333
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473238
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463539
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/446/
Pasado, presente y futuro del fondo monetario internacional
Galindo Lucas, Alfonso
F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
F59 - Other
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
The great welcome that the recent FMI appointment for manager director have
received in Spain and other countries, has contributed to the defence of this
institution’s survival, notwithstanding that its work over 60 years have been hardly
censured somewhere else. Thus, an analysis of this institution’s legitimacy is required,
either in its formal shape and its material behaviour, as well as a study on the
foundations of this naming. The very existence and evolution of FMI has its basis on
questionable interests which turn aside the initial intentions declared and supposed as
legitimating ones. A survey of big translational firms interests can be performed,
specially of US ones, through the decision making and the defended positions of this multilateral organism. In such quantitatively important subjects as those contained in
that agency, the “opinion” creation becomes a very profitable element.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/446/1/MPRA_paper_446.pdf
Galindo Lucas, Alfonso (2004): Pasado, presente y futuro del fondo monetario internacional. Published in: Centro Argentino de Estudios Internacionales No. Programa Organismos Internacionales WP (2006)
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1064
2019-09-27T00:22:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3337
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463335
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463432
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3137
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3434
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1064/
Vom Nutzen afrikanischer Zuwanderer für Europa. Wende in der EU-Einwanderungspolitik?
Kohnert, Dirk
O2 - Development Planning and Policy
N37 - Africa ; Oceania
F22 - International Migration
F35 - Foreign Aid
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
O55 - Africa
N17 - Africa ; Oceania
O52 - Europe
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
N44 - Europe: 1913-
A growing number of Africans flees from their desolate economic situation or violent conflicts and political persecution at home to Europe. The European Union shares responsibil-ity for this growing economic misery, in view of its egoistic external trade policy. Neverthe-less, it intensifies the foreclosure of its external borders. Thereby, the escape routes become even more dangerous, thousands die every year. The European-African migration summits in Rabat and Tripoli in June and November 2006 even strengthened this policy of exclusion. Yet, well adapted immigration regulations would serve the interest of all parties involved. Last, but not least, it could contribute to protect the over-aged population of European mem-ber states in the long run against threatening economic decline. Even Germany and France meanwhile hesitantly accept the fact that they are an immigration country. The EU commis-sion endorses a limited and temporarily restricted immigration of Africans. However, two fundamental problems remain unsolved. Cost and benefit of immigration are distributed asymmetrically between the social classes. In addition, the EU favours the admission of high skilled labour, which tends to strengthen the 'brain drain' from Africa even more, while mil-lions of unskilled irregular migrants compete with the growing army of unemployed in the host countries. Both will aggravate the imminent danger of violent conflicts and of right-wing extremism in the immigration regions.
2006-12-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1064/1/MPRA_paper_1064.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (2006): Vom Nutzen afrikanischer Zuwanderer für Europa. Wende in der EU-Einwanderungspolitik?
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1857
2019-09-27T19:00:08Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463539
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1857/
Avrupa Birliği Anayasa Taslağı Üzerine Değerlendirmeler
Tonus, Özgür
Baykal, Sanem
F59 - Other
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
The Convention on the Future of Europe has completed its work and submitted the “Draft Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe” to the Presidency on the 18th of July, 2003. This “draft” which brings forth certain fundamental changes to the institutional structure of the Union will now be discussed and adopted-albeit with amendments- by the Intergovernmental Conference, by the consensus of the EU Member States. The Convention’s objective was twofold; to prepare the Union’s institutional and legal structure on the one hand for the widening, and on the other, for the deepening of the integration process. In that context, the Convention has been the arena of the ever-present dichotomy of the European integration; the debate between the intergovernmentalists and federalists and the outcome reflects the attempts of striking and preserving a balance. Here it is submitted that such balance has been preserved to a huge extent.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1857/1/MPRA_paper_1857.pdf
Tonus, Özgür and Baykal, Sanem (2003): Avrupa Birliği Anayasa Taslağı Üzerine Değerlendirmeler. Published in: Anadolu Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi , Vol. XIX, No. 1-2 (2003): pp. 115-132.
tr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1858
2019-09-28T04:08:00Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463539
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463531
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1858/
Helsinki Zirvesi sonrası Türkiyenin Avrupa Birliğine tam üyeliği
Tonus, Özgür
Karluk, Rıdvan
F59 - Other
F51 - International Conflicts ; Negotiations ; Sanctions
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
Turkey’s candidacy has been approved in Helsinki Heads of
State and Government Summit between the dates of 10-11 December
1999. After the Summit, it felt like as if Turkey was going to be a full
member immediately as it was in the Customs Union case. Although
the first six months is over, there hasn’t been any progress. If Turkey
continues being quiet, she can’t take deservedly part in reorganized
Europe in 21st century.
2000
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1858/1/MPRA_paper_1858.pdf
Tonus, Özgür and Karluk, Rıdvan (2000): Helsinki Zirvesi sonrası Türkiyenin Avrupa Birliğine tam üyeliği. Published in: Anadolu Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi , Vol. XX, No. Prof. Dr. Guneri Ergulen hatirasina (2000): pp. 205-221.
tr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2258
2019-10-28T18:18:00Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2909
2019-09-26T08:12:25Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2909/
KÜRESELLEŞME SÜRECİNDE IMF POLİTİKALARININ SONUÇLARI: AZERBAYCAN DENEYİMİ
Soyak, Alkan
Nesirova, Zenfira
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
IMF’s policies through to the World Economy have been changed in the globalization processes. Those policies have been applied in transition economies such as Russia, Bulgaria, Romania, Azerbaijan since the begining of 1990's. Particularly Azerbaijan, an attraction center for the foreign capitals because of its rich oil rezerves, is the interesting case for examining the applications and the implications of IMF’s policies. The aim of this study is to analyse some consequences of IMF’s reform policies in azerbaijan economy. Although IMFstyle stabilization policies have been applied successfuly, there have been occured an unbalanced growth between the oil sector and the other sectors in the transition period. In Azerbaijan, the share of the oil sector in the production of GDP is increased from 16% to 37% between 1995 and 2001. This increase might be considered as favourable, but on the other hand, the drop of non-oil sector’s share from 13% to 6% must be considered a serious problem for Azerbaijan economy. Additionally wealth gained by oil production has been spent on nontradable goods in Azerbaijan, their prices relative to those of tradable goods prices have rised. Since the real exchange rate would appreciate, international competitiveness of tradable good sectors seems to be decreasing. In the literature, this phenomenon is called 'Dutch Disease' which will drive to Azerbaijan economy more, to be depended on IMF’s policies and foreign debt in the future.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2909/1/MPRA_paper_2909.pdf
Soyak, Alkan and Nesirova, Zenfira (2003): KÜRESELLEŞME SÜRECİNDE IMF POLİTİKALARININ SONUÇLARI: AZERBAYCAN DENEYİMİ. Published in: CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA IN THE GLOBALIZATION PROCESS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, Baku 11-13 May 2003 (13 May 2003): pp. 14-20.
tr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2947
2019-09-26T09:47:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2947/
Preferential trade agreements and agricultural trade liberalization in Asia and the Pacific
Mikic, Mia
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F15 - Economic Integration
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
The paper addresses preferential trade agreements in Asia and the Pacific with the objective of identifying their characteristics which can be useful in assessing the effects of their implementation. The paper relies mostly on the Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Agreements Database (APTIAD) in sourcing data and information for analysis. On 26 February 2007 APTIAD was tracking 125 preferential trade agreements one party of which was a member of ESCAP. Eighty seven of those agreements of various types are in force, 62 of them being bilateral agreements, 11 regional trade agreements (RTAs), and 11 country-bloc agreements (the residual is made up of agreements of different scope, i.e. global and country-plurilateral.). The paper utilizes information on membership and coverage of agreements as well as statistical data on goods trade flows in discussing selected important aspects of preferential trade in Asia and the Pacific: (a) the rapid proliferation of preferential trade and revealed preference for bilateral links; (b) strong tolerance for engagement in multiple trade agreements with the same trading partner; and (c) reluctance to commit to full and quick liberalization in merchandise trade, or expose other than industrial goods trade areas to preferential liberalization. The extent of liberalization of trade in agricultural goods through the PTAs in the region is focus of a separate section which also briefly discusses “new” arguments for agricultural trade protectionism in developing countries. Penultimate section discusses the ways in which PTAs could be harnessed to work as complementary with the multilateral trading regime. Some policy recommendations are offered as well.
2007-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2947/1/MPRA_paper_2947.pdf
Mikic, Mia (2007): Preferential trade agreements and agricultural trade liberalization in Asia and the Pacific.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3118
2019-09-26T18:55:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3118/
Economic Crises and IMF’s Economic Policies: The Reflections on a Quarterly Publication of IMF and World Bank “Finance and Development
Soyak, Alkan
Bahçekapılı, Cengiz
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
Since the beginning of the economic crises in the capitalist system, the causes of the crises have been particularly important issue for many economists. Many economists have analysed the dynamics of the crises from the different theoretical perspectives such as Marxist, Neo-classical and Keynesian. This study aims to draw attention to another aspect of the crises related with IMF-World Bank’s economy policies and their publication activities. The main purpose of this paper is determine the reflections of their insistent economy policies on “Finance and Development” in the crisis periods.
1998
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3118/1/MPRA_paper_3118.pdf
Soyak, Alkan and Bahçekapılı, Cengiz (1998): Economic Crises and IMF’s Economic Policies: The Reflections on a Quarterly Publication of IMF and World Bank “Finance and Development. Published in: İktisat, İşletme ve Finans Dergisi No. 144 (1998): pp. 48-61.
tr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3163
2019-10-05T01:16:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3163/
Regional cooperation in Central and Southeastern Europe: the Romanian experience in fighting corruption
Botezatu, Elena
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
Regional cooperation is of outmost importance, both for the southeastern European countries that want to set themselves on the European mainstream, and for the EU. In the last few years, the fight against corruption has been high on the agenda of all the governments in the CEE countries. The regional initiatives have provided the opportunity to exchange not only best, but also “worst practices” in this field, contributing to the development of anticorruption programs and to the improvement of the situation in these countries. The paper seeks to present the Romanian experience in regional initiatives, particularly in the Stability pact Anticorruption – Initiative.
2006-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3163/1/MPRA_paper_3163.pdf
Botezatu, Elena (2006): Regional cooperation in Central and Southeastern Europe: the Romanian experience in fighting corruption.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3360
2019-09-27T00:24:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3434
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3337
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463432
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3137
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463335
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3360/
African Migration to Europe:Obscured Responsibilities and Common Misconceptions
Kohnert, Dirk
O52 - Europe
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
N44 - Europe: 1913-
F22 - International Migration
N37 - Africa ; Oceania
F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
O55 - Africa
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
N17 - Africa ; Oceania
F35 - Foreign Aid
O2 - Development Planning and Policy
The number of migrants from conflict regions in Africa has been increasing dramatically. The European Union shares dual responsibility for the continuing migration pressure: First, because they fostered over decades corrupt and autocratic regimes with dire disregard to principles of ‘good governance’. The aftermath of these regimes is still to be felt today, and constitutes one of the underlying factors for politically motivated migration. Secondly, the EU contributed to Africa’s economic misery, due to the damaging effects of European selfish external trade policy. Nevertheless, the prevailing perspective of the EU and of its member countries concerning African immigration remains to be focused on security, the foreclosure of its external borders and prevention. Current EU programs and concepts to combat African migration are questionable. Even development orientated approaches are bound to fail, if not backed by sustainable immigration policies.
2007-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3360/1/MPRA_paper_3360.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (2007): African Migration to Europe:Obscured Responsibilities and Common Misconceptions.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3988
2019-10-02T04:49:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463336
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3988/
The FTAA After The Emergence Of the Euro
Schettino, Francesco
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
The aim of this paper is to inquire into the possible relation between
the FTAA (Free Trade Area of Americas) and the progressive interna-
tionalization of the Euro. We will sustain that the actual productive
situation (globalization) makes impossible to think of an FTAA with-
out a kind of dollarisation of the Latin American countries (LAC). In
fact we argue, helped by empirical analysis, that an economic area can
use a sound currency if, and only if, it has a strong link with its issuing
country. That is why we analyze, with the principal component anal-
ysis, the economic situation of the LAC focusing on their dependence
on the U.S. and E.U. economies. We obtain that the LAC, candi-
dates for FTAA, are much more dependent from E.U. rather than
U.S.; moreover, the future evolution of the banking assets, in relation
to external and internal debt, could strengthen this dependence. For
these reasons we conclude that the FTAA process could meet some
difficulties in the next years, because the LAC economies could prefer
to use the Euro as the reference currency for international trade.
2004-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3988/1/MPRA_paper_3988.pdf
Schettino, Francesco (2004): The FTAA After The Emergence Of the Euro.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4132
2019-09-27T14:51:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4132/
Economic Development in the Maghreb States in the Context of their Relations with the EU
Genchev, Vassil
F15 - Economic Integration
O55 - Africa
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
This paper examines a number of key factors that have an impact on economic development in the Maghreb. While growth indicators have been favorable in recent years, a consideration of the inequitable distribution of wealth and the precarious employment situation paint a different picture. Furthermore, the Maghreb economies have remained over-regulated and plagued by a host of structural constraints, prominent among which is the excessive role of the state. The record of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership has also been mixed. Critics have stated that it is compromised by turf battles within the EU, which render it incapable of providing the right solutions for the Maghreb states’ problems. The paper argues that a failure to tackle agriculture as an issue of prime importance for poverty reduction may exacerbate present inequalities and social imbalances in the Maghreb.
2005-12-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4132/1/MPRA_paper_4132.pdf
Genchev, Vassil (2005): Economic Development in the Maghreb States in the Context of their Relations with the EU.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4340
2019-09-27T04:37:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463530
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463539
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4340/
Reconciling Observed Tariffs and the Median Voter Model
Dhingra, Swati
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
F50 - General
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F59 - Other
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
We investigate the empirical validity of the median voter theory of trade policy. Mayer’s classic framework predicts that the optimal tariff is positive for a capital-abundant country and negative for a labor-abundant country (Mayer, 1984). However, import subsidies are rare so the tariff level prediction seems unrealistic. In this paper we examine two approaches to reconcile the theory with the lack of “pro-trade” bias across countries. First, we test the variation inequality-tariff prediction proposed by Dutt and Mitra (2002). We find support for it using human capital during the 1980s and 1990s. Using physical capital, the prediction is validated for the 1990s but not for the 1980s. Second, we extend the Mayer framework to a large country. The tariff level in a large country is the sum of the median voter component and a positive terms of trade component. We provide empirical evidence for this level prediction and a positive terms of trade component in the 1990s. Using human capital, we find that the median voter component is positive in capital-abundant countries and negative in labor-abundant countries. Consequently, positive terms of trade effects can overcome the median voter component in labor-abundant countries, reconciling theory with observed protectionism.
2006-01-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4340/1/MPRA_paper_4340.pdf
Dhingra, Swati (2006): Reconciling Observed Tariffs and the Median Voter Model.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5879
2019-09-26T12:32:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4630
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463333
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463332
7375626A656374733D46:4635
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5879/
The Single Global Currency - Common Cents for the World (2007 Edition)
Bonpasse, Morrison
F0 - General
F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
F32 - Current Account Adjustment ; Short-Term Capital Movements
F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy
F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business
F3 - International Finance
E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F31 - Foreign Exchange
F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
This is the 2007 Edition of the only book in print in the world about the Single Global Currency, and is the only book in the world priced in 143 currencies (down from 147 in the 2006 edition.).This number is significant, as it's the number of currencies required among the 192 U.N. members to conduct local business, including the payment of taxes.
The book describes the origins of the current worldwide foreign exchange system, and tells how to change it; and save the world - trillions.
The multicurrency foreign exchange trading system was developed about 2,500 years ago to enable people of different currency areas to trade. That system has become far more sophisticated in the meantime and handles $3.2 trillion per day; but it is very expensive and risky. It is now time to replace that system with a single global currency.
In a 3-G world with a Single Global Currency managed by a Global Central Bank within a Global Monetary Union:
- Annual transaction costs of $400 billion will be eliminated.
- Worldwide asset values will increase by about $36 trillion.
- Worldwide GDP will increase by about $9 trillion.
- Global currency imbalances will be eliminated.
- All Balance of Payments problems will be eliminated.
- Currency crises will be prevented.
- Currency speculation will be eliminated.
- The need for foreign exchange reserves, with a current annual opportunity cost of
approximately $470 billion, will be eliminated.
- Worldwide interest rates will be lower than the current average due to the elimination of
currency risk.
Such gains are realistic and attainable if the world decides to pursue them. The monetary unions of Europe, the Caribbean, Africa and Brunei/Singapore have shown the way.
What the people of the world want is sound, stable money and the end to the obsolete multicurrency foreign exchange system. A Single Global Currency is no longer a utopian dream, but a realistic projection of what has been learned from current monetary unions, especially the euro.
Each successive annual edition of this book will be priced in the remaining number of currencies until we reach, in the words of Nobel Prize winner, Robert Mundell, that odd number, preferably less than three: one
The world needs to set the goal of a Single Global Currency, to be managed by a Global Central Bank, within a Global Monetary Union, and begin planning - now.
2007-01-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5879/1/MPRA_paper_5879.pdf
Bonpasse, Morrison (2007): The Single Global Currency - Common Cents for the World (2007 Edition). Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7618
2019-09-27T13:20:29Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7618/
THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS APPROACH TO QUOTA FORMULATION AT THE IMF
Nguéma-Affane, Thierry
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
C19 - Other
F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
This paper explores and supports the use of the principal components analysis to objectively establish countries’ relative economic size and determine variables’ weights in a new IMF quota formula. This approach shows a rebalancing of quotas shares in favor of developing countries over time but suggests that PCA-generated quota formulas can only guide and not determine IMF quota structure. The simulation of ad hoc quota increases using PCA-generated quota formulas indicates that a rebalancing of actual quota shares and voting power in favor of developing countries, while preserving low-income countries voting share, is achievable if advanced economies forego increases in their quotas and total basic votes are at least tripled.
2008-03-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7618/1/MPRA_paper_7618.pdf
Nguéma-Affane, Thierry (2008): THE PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS APPROACH TO QUOTA FORMULATION AT THE IMF.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8322
2019-09-26T18:59:03Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8322/
The institutional Design of international double Taxation Avoidance
Rixen, Thomas
F20 - General
H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
This article analyzes the institutional design of international double tax avoidance. The basic argument is that double tax avoidance exhibits the strategic structure of a coordination game with a distributive conflict. The distribution of tax revenues depends on the asymmetry of investment flows between treaty partners. Since investment flows are defined dyadically, bilateral bargaining can best accommodate countries’ concern for the distribution of tax revenues and other economic benefits connected to the tax base. Moreover, because there are no serious externality problems with bilateral agreement, this solution is also viable. At the same time, there is a need for a multilateral organization to disseminate information and shared practices in the form of a model convention that provides a focal point for bilateral negotiations. The strategic structure of a coordination game can also explain why the institutions of double tax avoidance do not have to be equipped with third-party enforcement capabilities. Instead, the Mutual Agreement Procedure (MAP) is interpreted as a device to deal with the fact that double tax agreements (DTAs) are incomplete contracts.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8322/1/MPRA_paper_8322.pdf
Rixen, Thomas (2008): The institutional Design of international double Taxation Avoidance.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8390
2019-09-26T23:06:22Z
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7375626A656374733D46:4634:463432
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7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8390/
The abatement of carbon emissions in industrial and developing countries
Chichilnisky, Graciela
F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
"The global environment is a matter of great importance to all nations.... Yet differences of opinions prevail about the main problems, and about the institutions to manage cooperation....The problem of finding carbon abatement policies is complicated by the scientific uncertainty about the impact of carbon emissions on the climate....In order to implement global policies successfully it seems crucial to develop a clear evaluation of the facts, of the different positions, and of the economic issues at stake...The conceptual formulation of markets and the economic data provided by the OECD economic model GREEN could prove very valuable, and will be used in this paper.... A good starting point is provided by the paper "Implementing Global Environmental Policy" by J. Coppel of the OECD Resource Allocation Division.... This paper was commissioned to discuss Coppel's, and to address the same issues while formulating a cooperative approach to carbon emission abatement policy, which takes into consideration the position of developing as well as industrial countries.... I will discuss Coppel's paper, and evaluate his proposal for a carbon abatement tax using basic economics and the data offered by GREEN and other sources such as the IEA. I will propose a complementary set of economic policies, including a modified carbon tax, and other associated policies for containing environmental damage in the context of international trade, and of financial policies y the World Bank and the IMF."
1993-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8390/1/MPRA_paper_8390.pdf
Chichilnisky, Graciela (1993): The abatement of carbon emissions in industrial and developing countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8493
2019-09-28T14:14:38Z
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7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8493/
Trade regimes and GATT: resource-intensive vs. knowledge intensive growth
Chichilnisky, Graciela
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
Trading blocks can help or hinder the liberalization of world trade. A determining factor is whether trade within the block is organized around traditional comparative advantages, or around economies of scale.
Regional free trade agreements such as NAFTA can be a substitutes for global free trade when they are based on traditional comparative advantages; then each regional market develops market power and incentives to impose tariffs on the rest of the word. Alternatively, regional trade agreements can be complementary to global free trade. This occurs when the blocks are organized around the exploitation of economies of scale and based on knowledge-intensive sectors.
I establish that external economies of scale produce incentives for expanded trade; they can defeat the standard argument for "optimal tariffs" and mitigate another negative feature of trading blocks: their tendency to divert trade from efficient to inefficient sources. The emergence of regional blocks organized around economies of scale can therefore lead to increasingly open international markets. I discuss policy implications for the EU and for free trade in the Americas.
1996
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8493/1/MPRA_paper_8493.pdf
Chichilnisky, Graciela (1996): Trade regimes and GATT: resource-intensive vs. knowledge intensive growth. Published in: Economic Systems merged with Journal of International Comparative Economics , Vol. 20, (1996): pp. 147-181.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8813
2019-09-27T16:37:11Z
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7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8813/
Trade regimes and Gatt: resource intensive vs. knowledge intensive growth, Chapter 10
Chichilnisky, Graciela
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
Trading blocks can help or hinder the liberalization of world trade. A determining factor is whether trade within the block is organized around traditional comparative advantages, or around economies of scale. Regional free trade agreements such as NAFTA can be a substitutes for global free trade when they are based on traditional comparative advantages; then each regional market develops market power and incentives to impose tariffs on the rest of the world. Alternatively, regional trade agreements can be complementary to global free trade. This occurs when the blocks are organized around the exploitation of economies of scale and based on knowledge-intensive sectors. I establish that external economies of scale produce incentives for expanded trade; they can defeat the standard arguments for "optimal tariffs" and mitigate another negative feature of trading blocks: their tendency to divert trade from efficient to inefficient sources. The emergence of regional blocks organized around economies of scale can therefore lead to increasingly open international markets. I discuss policy implications for the EU and for free trade in the Americas.
1996
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8813/1/MPRA_paper_8813.pdf
Chichilnisky, Graciela (1996): Trade regimes and Gatt: resource intensive vs. knowledge intensive growth, Chapter 10. Published in: Handbook on Globalization of the World Economy (1998): pp. 226-249.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10108
2019-09-27T18:44:22Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10108/
Being rich in energy resources – a blessing or a curse
Schubert, Samuel R.
F52 - National Security ; Economic Nationalism
F0 - General
Q33 - Resource Booms
O1 - Economic Development
Q38 - Government Policy
N55 - Asia including Middle East
H56 - National Security and War
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts
F59 - Other
E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
F51 - International Conflicts ; Negotiations ; Sanctions
Q4 - Energy
Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
C19 - Other
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
F35 - Foreign Aid
L78 - Government Policy
O2 - Development Planning and Policy
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
H10 - General
N54 - Europe: 1913-
F50 - General
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
“Being rich in energy resources – a blessing or a curse” finds that an energy resource curse plagues many
EU supplier states. This in turn directly affects Europe’s energy supply security and threatens to engulf
Europe in unwanted hostilities at home and abroad. The study addresses seven issues including the
evidence suggesting that a curse exists among Europe’s external energy suppliers, active programs to
limit that risk, the significance of economic diversification, the applicability of dividend programs, the
link between corruption and security of energy supplies, additional possible actions of the Union, and
further threats posed by resource cursed countries. It establishes a definitive links between corruption
and supply security, poor transparency, and inequality, and proves that a low level of economic
diversification is a reliable indicator for the existence of the curse. It also finds that there are examples of
excellence in recovering from and even converting the curse to a blessing. In looking at the policy
instruments available to the Union, the study determines that the Union does have the technical expertise
and financial means to restructure political and economic systems and strengthen public administrations
and institutions and found that Europe’s successful implementation of similar past programs could be
taken, at least in part, as models for future efforts. Finally, the study recommends the controversial
approach of conditionality in the use of aid and finds that the Union should legislate standards for the
reporting and auditing of energy exports and imports at home and abroad.
2007-01-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10108/1/MPRA_paper_10108.pdf
Schubert, Samuel R. (2007): Being rich in energy resources – a blessing or a curse. Published in: EP Policy Department Studies , Vol. 614, No. 386 (31 January 2007): pp. 1-60.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10109
2019-09-26T14:04:43Z
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10109/
Revisiting the oil curse: are oil rich nations really doomed to autocracy and inequality?
Schubert, Samuel R.
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
F52 - National Security ; Economic Nationalism
F0 - General
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
Q33 - Resource Booms
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
Q38 - Government Policy
O1 - Economic Development
F35 - Foreign Aid
L78 - Government Policy
F59 - Other
O2 - Development Planning and Policy
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
Q4 - Energy
H10 - General
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
There is an adage about wealth and democracy that says “the more well-to-do a nation, the greater the chances it will sustain democracy.” Accordingly, one would expect that nations rich in natural resources, and particularly those with large deposits of oil – a clear absolute advantage – would shine far beyond all others as beacons of democracy and freedom. Unfortunately, nothing seems further from the truth. Studies undoubtedly show that oil dependence leads to a skewing of political forces. It concentrates production to geographic enclaves and concentrates power into the hands of a few elites. It becomes a fisherman’s market for rent-seeking behavior, where those with money jockey for positions and influence to acquire lucrative contracts, the revenues from which are used to further bribe and manipulate those in power. Consequently, those in power secure the positions of their benefactors, creating a vicious circle of corruption and patronage, secured from open inspection of a free press, public accountability, or standards of international business and political practice. They tend to have stratified social classes with a tiny minority earning millions while a vast portion of the population wallow in abject poverty. How is it possible to be so rich, yet so poor? Is this phenomenon, known as the “oil curse,” or in social science parlance, the “resource curse” truly to blame? Does oil really impede democracy and economic growth? “Revisiting the oil curse: are oil rich nations really doomed to autocracy and inequality?” addresses precisely these questions, and the answers are no less than disturbing.
2006-08-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10109/1/MPRA_paper_10109.pdf
Schubert, Samuel R. (2006): Revisiting the oil curse: are oil rich nations really doomed to autocracy and inequality? Published in: Oil and Gas Business , Vol. 2006, (1 August 2006): pp. 1-16.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10753
2019-10-03T07:23:33Z
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7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
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7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10753/
An Analysis of International CO2 agreements
Amundsen, Eirik S.
Lønning, Dag
Rasmussen, Heine
C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
We examine the effects on GNP for groups of countries after introducing different schemes of tradable CO2 emission rights. The analysis is based on a numerical general equilibrium model of the world economy. The development of prices and trade of energy carriers and emission rights are investigated.
1995
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10753/1/MPRA_paper_10753.pdf
Amundsen, Eirik S. and Lønning, Dag and Rasmussen, Heine (1995): An Analysis of International CO2 agreements.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11967
2019-09-28T04:19:00Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11967/
Regional vs. Global Public Goods: The Case of Post-Communist Transition
Dabrowski, Marek
Radziwill, Artur
F15 - Economic Integration
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F59 - Other
H41 - Public Goods
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
The paper discusses the role of regional public goods vs. global goods in influencing postcommunist transition in Central and Eastern Europe and former USSR with special attention given to three particular factors: (i) external anchoring of national reform process; (ii) international trade arrangements and (iii) international financial stability.
Our main finding is that that the EU, through the Eastern enlargement process, acted as the very effective regional public (club) good provider, whose influence across time and countries was correlated with better transition outcomes. In particular, the consolidation phase in democratization, institution building and structural transformation was successful in countries reforming under EU accession conditionality, but not under other forms of conditionality provided, for example, by the Bretton Woods institutions. In the area of trade, gains from WTO accession were dwarfed by the impact of the opening of the EU trading block for accession countries. Finally, countries participating in EU integration showed more discipline in maintaining macroeconomic stability, while IMF programs were less effective in inducing stability in the absence of the European factor.
This the main reason why CIS countries which got neither the EU accession perspective, nor even trade liberalization offer on the EU lag behind Central European, Baltic and Balkan countries in terms of democratization, rule of law, institutional stability and market-oriented economic reforms. However, due to observed 'enlargement fatigue' in the incumbent EU, the future attractiveness of the EU integration perspective and strength of the accession associated incentive system (in respect to countries of Western Balkans, CIS and Turkey) comes under question. There is also unclear whether European experience in providing regional public goods can be easily repeated in other geographic regions and to which extended can be used by the providers of global public goods.
2007-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11967/1/MPRA_paper_11967.pdf
Dabrowski, Marek and Radziwill, Artur (2007): Regional vs. Global Public Goods: The Case of Post-Communist Transition. Published in: CASE Network Studies and Analyses No. 336 (February 2007)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12727
2019-09-29T05:22:29Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12727/
General guidelines and specific contributions of Romania's Foreign Policy and Security Policy and the European Security and Defense of the EU in terms of the sustainable development
Duduiala-Popescu, Lorena
F15 - Economic Integration
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
F59 - Other
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
H56 - National Security and War
O52 - Europe
Efforts aimed Romania convergence guidelines of its foreign policy with the Foreign Policy and Security Policy of the EU (CFSP). Negotiations on Chapter 27 - Foreign Policy and Security Policy (CFSP) were opened, along with the other four chapters, in the initial negotiation package (during the Accession Conference Romania - EU of 15 February 2000) as provisionally closed the first stage of the process of negotiation of the acquis communautaire.
Romania has demonstrated that it is an active participant in the political dialogue established by the Association Agreement and has played a constructive role within the CFSP, in line while a constant in common positions and declarations of the EU's CFSP. Romania continued to follow international sanctions and restrictive measures imposed by the EU, UN and OSCE. A special relevance for consistency of policy dialogue EU - Romania had a presence at meetings of political directors, correspondents European Troika and EU candidate countries. Substantive dialogue on all levels has contributed to improving the coordination of the external agenda of Romania to the European Union
2009-01-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12727/1/MPRA_paper_12727.pdf
Duduiala-Popescu, Lorena (2009): General guidelines and specific contributions of Romania's Foreign Policy and Security Policy and the European Security and Defense of the EU in terms of the sustainable development.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12890
2019-10-02T06:48:46Z
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7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12890/
Problems Concerning Pension Policies in the EU Member States
Stegaroiu, Valentin
F15 - Economic Integration
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
F59 - Other
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
O52 - Europe
Each Member of the European Union (EU) has designed and perfected its own pension scheme as a necessary evolution of direct development taking into account the arguments that have led to such developments. Currently, due to these issues, not at all simple, in these states, there is a growing concern for finding common solutions to harmonization these systems as a direct consequence of the free movement of persons.
2009-01-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12890/1/MPRA_paper_12890.pdf
Stegaroiu, Valentin (2009): Problems Concerning Pension Policies in the EU Member States.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13367
2019-10-19T16:47:19Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463432
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453636
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463032
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13367/
The tendencies in defining an optimum globalization model
Popa, Catalin C.
F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
E66 - General Outlook and Conditions
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
E60 - General
Over viewing the most recently evolutions throughout global economy, we can easily conceive that the collateral effects of economical globalization and market integration, represents the main issues debated in specialized professional or political circles. The unanimous impression underlines the fact that integration in contemporary global market development exceeded too much and to profound the conceptual frame formulated as work hypothesis for the beginning of ’80’s the realities evolving radically uncontrolled. In this case, the free capital global running is no longer a factor for market equilibrium as “market fundamentalists” predicted, financial integration as global process creating and forcing gradually the market bubbles in lack of an efficient frame of global supervision. In this context, the international effort should be oriented toward remodeling the fundamental global structures implicated in globalization process.
2008-11-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13367/1/MPRA_paper_13367.pdf
Popa, Catalin C. (2008): The tendencies in defining an optimum globalization model. Published in: Knowledge Based Organization 2008 International Conference, November 2008, Sibiu, Romania , Vol. 3, No. ISSN 1843-6722 (15 November 2008): pp. 271-277.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14356
2019-09-30T19:41:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463531
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14356/
Seeking Mutual Understanding. A Discourse Theoretical Analysis of the WTO Dispute Settlement System.
Ceva, Emanuela
Fracasso, Andrea
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F51 - International Conflicts ; Negotiations ; Sanctions
The Dispute Settlement System (DSS) of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) is a mechanism to settle international trade controversies by means of adversarial procedures. In this paper we aim to address the following question: why is the DSS adversarial in kind and articulated through such sophisticated procedures? We shall combine studies in the fields of politics, law and economics through philosophical analysis to look for a systemic answer to this question in the inherent qualities of the procedures through which the DSS is articulated. Specifically, we shall resort to Jürgen Habermas’s discourse theory, as a hermeneutic device to disentangle the different kinds of “action orientations” DS procedures may have (compromise, consensus and understanding). We shall identify the reasons of the specific characterisation given to the DSS in the purposeful connections between its procedural features, the general aims pursued by the WTO and the disputes emerging within it.
2009-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14356/1/MPRA_paper_14356.pdf
Ceva, Emanuela and Fracasso, Andrea (2009): Seeking Mutual Understanding. A Discourse Theoretical Analysis of the WTO Dispute Settlement System.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15037
2019-10-01T17:12:58Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423130
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D41:4132:413230
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463531
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3134
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463030
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463131
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423230
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15037/
Impact of Selectivity and Neutrality of trade Policy Incentives on Industrialization of Developing Countries; Implications for NAMA Negotiations
Shafaeddin, Mehdi
B10 - General
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
A20 - General
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
F51 - International Conflicts ; Negotiations ; Sanctions
O14 - Industrialization ; Manufacturing and Service Industries ; Choice of Technology
F00 - General
F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade
B20 - General
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
O20 - General
Abstract
This author sheds some light on the theoretical arguments on the use of selectivity and uniformity of trade policy in trade and industrialization for targeting industries and firms and provides a brief historical review of practices of developed countries and East Asian countries with particular reference to Republic of Korea. Furthermore, he provides empirical evidence on the impact of non-neutral tariff rates for a sample of 32 developing countries for the period 1980-87 - before important changes towards neutrality of tariff structure of developing countries took place. Further, he outlines preconditions for implementing “selective” (targeted) trade and industrial policies. Yet more, he discusses the implications of the findings of the study for the dynamism of the tariff structure of developing countries, thus for negotiation for NAMA (Non-agricultural market access) in WTO and outlines necessary changes in WTO rule to make them conducive to the interest of developing countries.
2009-03-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15037/1/MPRA_paper_15037.pdf
Shafaeddin, Mehdi (2009): Impact of Selectivity and Neutrality of trade Policy Incentives on Industrialization of Developing Countries; Implications for NAMA Negotiations. Forthcoming in: As a booklet by TWN (2009)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15050
2019-09-28T04:37:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463030
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463531
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15050/
NAMA as a Tool of De-industrialization of Africa
Shafaeddin, Mehdi
F00 - General
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F10 - General
O10 - General
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F51 - International Conflicts ; Negotiations ; Sanctions
Abstract
The author argues in this chapter that trade liberalization in Africa during the last couple of decades has led to de-industrialization, slow growth of GDP, low level of investment, growing trade deficits, particularly in food items, in many African countries. This has been the case despite some improvement in recent years due to increases in the price of primary commodities. Drawing also on the experience of successful industrializers as well as failures of premature trade liberalization in low-income countries in recent decades, he further refers to pitfalls in negotiations on NAMA in WTO against the interest of African countries. Discussing the proposals made by developed countries on NAMA, he argues that if they are agreed upon, the structure of production and exports of African countries would be locked in primary commodities, resource based activities and at best low-skill labour intensive products and assembly operation. Finally, he outlines conditions for industrialization of Africa and the required changes in international trade rules in a way to become conducive to growth and upgrading of the industrial activities of the continents.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15050/1/MPRA_paper_15050.pdf
Shafaeddin, Mehdi (2009): NAMA as a Tool of De-industrialization of Africa.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19349
2019-09-29T04:45:31Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443632
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3139
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3134
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3333
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D4B:4B30
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443431
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443532
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19349/
Framework for Analisis and Improvement of Agrarian Dynamics
Bachev, Hrabrin
D62 - Externalities
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions ; Privatization ; Contracting Out
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
K0 - General
D41 - Perfect Competition
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
D52 - Incomplete Markets
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
In this paper we incorporate interdisciplinary New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Behavioral and Political Sciences), and suggest a framework for analyzing and improvement of governance of socio-economics dynamic of agriculture. This new approach take into account: the role of specific institutional environment (formal and informal “rules of the game”, distribution of various rights between individuals, and systems of enforcement of rights and rules; behavioral characteristics of agents (preferences, bounded rationality, tendency for opportunism, risk aversion, trust); costs of governance and critical factors of transactions (uncertainty, frequency, asset specificity, and appropriability); comparative efficiency of market, private, public and hybrid modes of governance; efficiency of alternative modes for public intervention; complementarities between different modes; needs for multilateral and multilevel governance; technological and ecological factors.
2009-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19349/1/MPRA_paper_19349.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2009): Framework for Analisis and Improvement of Agrarian Dynamics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19356
2019-10-06T08:51:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443632
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3139
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3134
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3333
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D4B:4B30
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443431
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443532
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19356/
Framework for Analisis and Improvement of Agrarian Dynamics
Bachev, Hrabrin
D62 - Externalities
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions ; Privatization ; Contracting Out
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
K0 - General
D41 - Perfect Competition
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
D52 - Incomplete Markets
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
In this paper we incorporate interdisciplinary New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Behavioral and Political Sciences), and suggest a framework for analyzing and improvement of governance of socio-economics dynamic of agriculture. This new approach take into account: the role of specific institutional environment (formal and informal “rules of the game”, distribution of various rights between individuals, and systems of enforcement of rights and rules; behavioral characteristics of agents (preferences, bounded rationality, tendency for opportunism, risk aversion, trust); costs of governance and critical factors of transactions (uncertainty, frequency, asset specificity, and appropriability); comparative efficiency of market, private, public and hybrid modes of governance; efficiency of alternative modes for public intervention; complementarities between different modes; needs for multilateral and multilevel governance; technological and ecological factors.
2009-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19356/2/MPRA_paper_19356.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2009): Framework for Analisis and Improvement of Agrarian Dynamics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20913
2019-09-26T11:55:42Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463532
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20913/
Teoriya anklavov
Vinokurov, Evgeny
F52 - National Security ; Economic Nationalism
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F54 - Colonialism ; Imperialism ; Postcolonialism
The manuscript represents a comprehensive theory of enclaves and exclaves. The theory comprises both political and economic aspects. It is the first general book on the world’s enclaves and exclaves. Due to its comprehensive and pioneer character, it has a potential to become a book of reference for the nascent and promising research field. In its attempt to provide a fully-fledged theory of enclaves and exclaves, it covers a wide scope of regions and territories throughout the world. Basically, it satisfies the need for a systematic view on the enclaves throughout the world. Rather than viewing each enclave as a unique case, or even as an anomaly, it provides a systematic investigation of enclave-related political and economic issues.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20913/1/MPRA_paper_20913.pdf
Vinokurov, Evgeny (2007): Teoriya anklavov. Published in: (2007)
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21047
2019-09-27T23:06:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21047/
Were Canadian Exports to the U.S. Curtailed by the Post-9/11 Thickening of the U.S. Border?
Grady, Patrick
F15 - Economic Integration
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
The paper examines the data for Canadian exports to the United States that have been cited as
prima facie evidence of a "thickening of the border." It estimates that Canadian exports of
goods, excluding energy and forestry products, to the United States have been 12.5 per cent
lower than would have been expected based on estimated relationships and exports of
services 8 per cent lower. These estimates suggest that the boost to Canadian exports
resulting from the FTA/NAFTA has been substantially eroded.
2009-10-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21047/1/MPRA_paper_21047.pdf
Grady, Patrick (2009): Were Canadian Exports to the U.S. Curtailed by the Post-9/11 Thickening of the U.S. Border?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21291
2019-09-26T13:48:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3333
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503438
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21291/
Russia's role in fostering the CIS trade regime
De Kort, Joop
Dragneva, Rilka
F15 - Economic Integration
K33 - International Law
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
P48 - Political Economy ; Legal Institutions ; Property Rights ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Regional Studies
The CIS trade regime can be characterised as a mix of, partly overlapping, weak, bilateral, subregional,
and multilateral agreements. This is a result of the design of the CIS, which was explicitly
constructed to allow its member states to participate in only those parts that they deemed in their best
interest and not to participate in other parts.
The dissolution of the Soviet Union forced the successor states to create a trade regime. Initially, they
turned to one another not to disrupt trade any more than needed. However, Russia carried most of the
financial burden of the initial arrangements and started to push for bilateral agreements. The others
followed this example, but were careful not to commit too much sovereignty in these agreements. At a
later stage, sub-regional agreements substituted for the CIS framework as well.
The CIS states remained ambivalent, however, to submit too much sovereignty, whereas Russia
formally stayed out of the multilateral free trade agreements altogether. The countries did work
together multilaterally and committed themselves to these agreements where it concerned specific
issues.
In this paper, we look for causes of the myriad of agreements in the actual economic developments.
We will therefore present and discuss the major trade agreements with economic arguments. We will
also briefly discuss the developments in the volume and direction of trade. Although we expect the
gradual improvement of the agreements and the ‘rationalisation’ of the complex arrangement, we do
not foresee a consolidated ‘hard’ multilateral framework in the short or even medium term.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21291/1/MPRA_paper_21291.pdf
De Kort, Joop and Dragneva, Rilka (2006): Russia's role in fostering the CIS trade regime. Published in: Department of Economics Research Memorandum No. 2006.03 (2006): pp. 1-10.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23921
2019-09-28T04:50:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4631
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23921/
Rules of Origin in the Africa-EU Strategic Partnership Agreement and Nigeria’s international trade
Balogun, Emmanuel Dele
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F1 - Trade
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
This paper examines the key issues and assesses the impact of the rules of origin (RoO) and cumulation on Nigeria’s international trade within the context of Africa-EU partnerships agreements. The review of literatures shows that RoO are an important element in determining the final benefit associated with the bilateral trade relationship under preferential trade agreements. It notes that Africa-EU bilateral trade relations dates back to the Lome Conventions that gave preferential entry into EU of some products, and now to the new Africa-EU partnership which lays less emphasis on RoO. An analysis of available data show that RoO have had limited impact on Nigeria’s exports trade with the EU since her major exports (crude oil) does not benefit from RoO. Instead, there has been an increase in intermediate imports from EU which suggests trade creation in favour of EU while the rising trend in trade within Africa could be the result of bilateral cumulation and intra-Africa FTAs/economic integration. The paper further argues that the increase in trade with USA and others may be the result of trade reorientation as a result of switching from EU to other cheaper partner countries, especially USA in the face of AGOA. Among the challenges which militate against the RoO are: global reduction in tariff by WTO and the changing focus of the objectives of Africa-EU partnership principles from PTA to regional support. In concluding, the paper notes that the new partnership agreements needs to reconsider its position on RoO as it is a potent tool that is mutually beneficial in partnership. As such, the EU must go beyond the WTO GSP and AGOA to give preferential treatment to goods originating from Africa.
2010-07-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23921/1/MPRA_paper_23921.pdf
Balogun, Emmanuel Dele (2010): Rules of Origin in the Africa-EU Strategic Partnership Agreement and Nigeria’s international trade.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25766
2019-09-28T04:48:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3139
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463333
7375626A656374733D47:4730:473031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25766/
Criza organizaţiilor internaţionale
Georgescu, George
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
G01 - Financial Crises
The international organizations acting at world-wide scale seems unable to manage the multitude of rising problems due to the accelerated globalization and of the fast geopolitics’ shift. The world is facing growing imbalances in international trade and financial flows, deepening of social inequalities and people’s poverty, increasing international conflicts and insecurity, widening of terror threats and religion fundamentalism. The article points out some weaknesses of the international organizations framework highlighting the tendency of power dispersion from global to regional levels towards a multi-polar world.
2005-10-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25766/1/MPRA_paper_25766.pdf
Georgescu, George (2005): Criza organizaţiilor internaţionale. Published in: Revista Bilant No. 14 (20 November 2005): pp. 62-65.
ro
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25767
2019-10-05T11:53:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3139
7375626A656374733D47:4730:473031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25767/
Criza comerţului mondial
Georgescu, George
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
G01 - Financial Crises
One of the roots of the current global imbalances resides in the asymmetry of the international trade flows under the constraints of maintaining non-tariff barriers and of protectionism revival. Trade liberalization is critical for restoring the financial global equilibrium. The study is emphasizing the importance of finding compromise solutions for finalizing the negotiations under the Doha Round multilateral agreement, otherwise increasing the risk of global imbalances deepening to unsustainable levels.
2005-11-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25767/1/MPRA_paper_25767.pdf
Georgescu, George (2005): Criza comerţului mondial. Published in: Revista Bilant No. 15-16 (23 December 2005): pp. 72-73.
ro
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26007
2019-10-01T12:35:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463136
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463032
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26007/
Migration without borders: the ethics, economics and governance of free movement
Ugur, Mehmet
F22 - International Migration
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
This article develops and discusses the argument that it is difficult to make an ethical or economic case against free movement of workers. The analysis that leads to this conclusion also enables us to demonstrate that free movement is not only feasible but also more efficient compared to restrictive/protectionist policies. Another implication of the analysis in this paper is that a multilateral framework similar to that of World Trade Organisation (WTO) – e.g., a World Migration Organisation (WMO) - would be an optimal arrangement that could enable member countries to tackle externalities and collective action problems associated with international migration. Although free movement and its multilateral governance are not high on governments’ policy agenda, they remain the most rational solutions to international migration problems in the age of globalisation coupled with persistence in international income inequalities.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26007/1/MPRA_paper_26007.pdf
Ugur, Mehmet (2007): Migration without borders: the ethics, economics and governance of free movement. Published in: Migration without Borders, edited by A. Pecoud and P. de Guchteneire, New York and Oxford: Bergham Books in Association with UNESCO Publishing, 2007 (2007): 65.-94.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27121
2019-09-26T08:59:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27121/
A method to finance a global climate fund with a harmonized carbon tax
Silverstein, David N.
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Funding a response to climate change after Kyoto will require another look at both burden sharing and funding mechanisms. After reviewing the risks of cap-and-trade with carbon offsets and the advantages of a harmonized carbon tax, a method is proposed to utilize a harmonized carbon tax to finance a global climate fund. A common carbon tax rate is assessed across all nations and collected internally for internal investments in climate change. Financing for the global climate fund is generated from transferring a percentage of the collected carbon tax based on historical responsibility for carbon emissions and national wealth. Collected revenue is disbursed for climate aid based on a set of national climate need factors for adaptation, preserving strategic carbon sinks, low-carbon infrastructures and population management. In the interest of distributive justice, nations themselves determine the need factors of each other. Unlike cap-and-trade, this method does not explicitly require emissions caps. Formulas are presented for collection and disbursement, which require parameters for a globally harmonized carbon tax rate, a climate fund contribution rate, a national wealth threshold for fund contributions and need factors for each nation. Published economic and emissions data are used with the formulas to demonstrate an example of how the financing can work. This presents an equitable way to address climate needs across all nations on both a global and regional level.
2010-11-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27121/1/MPRA_paper_27121.pdf
Silverstein, David N. (2010): A method to finance a global climate fund with a harmonized carbon tax.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27179
2019-09-29T18:25:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27179/
Less Than a state, more than an international organization: The Sui generis nature of the European Union
Hlavac, Marek
F15 - Economic Integration
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
In this paper, I show that the European Union (EU) is less than a state, but more than an international organization. Although it possesses some characteristics of both, the European Union is, I argue, a sui generis project: Although the EU wields extensive influence in some policy areas (such as competition policy or international trade regulation), its institutions’ powers are quite limited in many areas that remain firmly within the grasp of its Member States’ governments (such as security, justice, tax or redistribution policies). The European Union’s supranational elements – especially the EU laws’ supremacy over the laws of individual Member States – distinguish it, furthermore, from international organizations, such as the United Nations or the World Trade Organization. I conclude that the European Union is really a sui generis project that has not been attempted anywhere else: As such, it could be regarded as a useful case study, or perhaps even a “pilot project,” for regional integration projects elsewhere.
2010-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27179/1/MPRA_paper_27179.pdf
Hlavac, Marek (2010): Less Than a state, more than an international organization: The Sui generis nature of the European Union.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27188
2019-09-30T17:13:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27188/
A full participation agreement on global emission reduction through strategic investments in R & D.
Kratzsch, Uwe
Sieg, Gernot
Stegemann, Ulrike
O30 - General
H41 - Public Goods
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
If an emission reduction agreement with participation of all players is not enforceable because politicians are too myopic or not able to commit themselves to sustainable policies or costs of reducing emis- sions are too high, strategic investments in research and development (R&D) of green technology, for example sustainable drive-trains, can pave the way for a future treaty. Although no player will rationally reduce emissions on its own, investments in R&D by at least one player can change the strategic situation of negotiations to control emissions: Emission abatement costs will decrease so that a treaty with full par- ticipation can be achieved in future periods through time consistent sustainable policies.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27188/1/MPRA_paper_27188.pdf
Kratzsch, Uwe and Sieg, Gernot and Stegemann, Ulrike (2010): A full participation agreement on global emission reduction through strategic investments in R & D.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28075
2019-09-28T00:14:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463432
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28075/
Has EU Enlargement Been, and Will It Continue to Be, a Success? An Evaluation of EU Enlargement's Effects on Policies Pursued by Candidate Countries
Hlavac, Marek
F15 - Economic Integration
F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
In this paper, I discuss whether enlargement has been a successful external policy of the European Union (EU). In particular, I evaluate the policy’s success based on its effects on the policies candidate countries have pursued. I argue that the prospect of entering the European Union has promoted beneficial democratic, economic and social reforms in candidate countries, and therefore can be judged to have been a success.
I focus on two sets of enlargement rounds where the potential for the EU’s influence on candidate countries’ policies was greatest: the 1980s rounds, during which Spain, Portugal and Greece – three countries with then-recent histories of dictatorship – were admitted; and the 2004/2007 rounds, during which twelve new Member States acceded, mostly from the post-communist Central and Eastern Europe.
I conclude that enlargement has, indeed, been a success: The prospect of entering the European Union (EU) has prompted candidate countries to pursue political, economic and social reforms that have contributed to the consolidation of democracy, to improvements in their human rights records, as well as to the betterment of their market economies. Finally, I discuss whether the enlargement process is likely to continue to be successful in improving the candidate countries’ policies, both in the Western Balkans (the likely next focus of EU enlargement), but also in potential further expansions.
2010-12-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28075/1/MPRA_paper_28075.pdf
Hlavac, Marek (2010): Has EU Enlargement Been, and Will It Continue to Be, a Success? An Evaluation of EU Enlargement's Effects on Policies Pursued by Candidate Countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28362
2019-09-28T12:20:48Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443632
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473131
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28362/
Етичні мотиви інвестування в контексті екологізації національної економіки
Petrushchak, Bohdan
D62 - Externalities
G11 - Portfolio Choice ; Investment Decisions
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
A10 - General
Розглянуто теоретичні аспекти категорії “етичні інвестиції” і пов’язаних з нею етичних мотивів інвестування, а також визначено їх роль у вирішенні проблеми екологізації народного господарства. Проаналізовано можливі шляхи зменшення деструктивного впливу негативних екстерналій через механізми чіткого визначення прав власності на промислові викиди та відходи, а відтак і створення міжнародного кліматичного ринку.
Рассмотрено теоретические аспекты категории "этические инвестиции" и связанных с ней этических мотивов инвестирования, а также определены их роль в решении проблемы экологизации народного хозяйства. Проанализированы возможные пути уменьшения деструктивного влияния негативных экстерналий через механизмы четкого определения прав собственности на промышленные выбросы и отходы.
The theoretical aspects of category “ethical investments” and their role in solving the problem of ecologization of economy are considered. The potential ways of reduction of negative externalities’ destructive influence through the mechanism of clear definition property right for emissions are analyzed.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28362/1/MPRA_paper_28362.pdf
Petrushchak, Bohdan (2010): Етичні мотиви інвестування в контексті екологізації національної економіки. Published in: Наукові записки Національного університету “Острозька академія”. Серія “Економіка”. No. 15 (2010): pp. 407-415.
uk
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28418
2019-09-27T18:55:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483534
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503431
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463335
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3230
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483532
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453631
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28418/
Financing Social Protection in the Light of International Spending Targets: A Public Sector Spending Review
Hagen-Zanker, Jessica
McCord, Anna
H54 - Infrastructures ; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
E62 - Fiscal Policy
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
P41 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
F35 - Foreign Aid
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
O20 - General
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
E61 - Policy Objectives ; Policy Designs and Consistency ; Policy Coordination
H61 - Budget ; Budget Systems
This study explores the ‘affordability’ of development targets in six key sectors (health, education, water and sanitation, agriculture and infrastructure), by means of an empirical study examining sectoral expenditure in five low income case study countries in sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique and Uganda) and comparing them with target levels of expenditure set out in recent international agreements to which sub-Saharan governments are signatories. The study has a particular focus on social protection in response to growing government and donor interest in the affordability of provision in this sector. This approach is taken in order to assess the limitations of the current ‘silo’ approach to sector financing which characterises much of the development financing discourse, and which results in the abstraction of one sector from the broader fiscal whole, to the detriment of overall fiscal coherence and realism. While this study looks at total expenditure per sector, it does not look at efficiency or outcomes of this spending.
The report examines expenditure in 2006/ 2007 in relation to sector-specific international targets, assesses the shortfall, and then explores the fiscal feasibility of financing all six sectoral targets. The paper finds that meeting all the six targets simultaneously would require more than 100% of total government expenditure in four of the five case study countries, and 98% in the fifth, and that to meet these targets while retaining current levels of expenditure in other sectors would imply doubling current levels of government expenditure. Often it is claimed that developing country governments lack the political will to allocate resources to some sectors. However, this study suggests that the inadequacy of public expenditure in key sectors is also informed by the inherent impossibility of simultaneously meeting the range of international commitments to which developing counties are signatories.
Current funding for basic social protection provision is between 0.1% and 0.7% of GDP in the case study countries, compared to target expenditure levels of 4.5% to achieve the goals of the basic social protection component of the AU Social Policy Framework. This study concludes that the social protection sector is in competition with the five other key development sectors and that not all goals can be met from available resources. While there may be potential to increase financing to this sector through the conventional range of instruments (efficiency savings, reallocation, increased borrowing, increased revenue generation, increased ODA or private sector financing) the social protection sector is in effect in competition with each of the other key development sectors in pursuit of any additional resources, and when considered in aggregate as part of the wider fiscal context, it is clear that meeting all targets is not realistic, and consequently that the development vision which underlies them, is challenged, even compromised by the fiscal reality.
Input targets have a role to play in i) motivating greater effort in revenue generation (within the boundaries of sound macroeconomic policy) and ii) encourage governments and donors to prioritise spending by reallocating from low to high-priority sectors within existing budgets. While such targets can serve as useful lobbying mechanisms, spending targets should be taken ‘seriously but not literally’ (Wood, 2004): that is primarily as a guide and motivation for raising and spending public finance. This report does not conclude that such targets should be dropped, but it does caution against the argument that particular sectoral targets are ‘affordable’ in any objective sense.
The report highlights the tension faced by governments between the need for good public financial management on the one hand, and the challenge of meeting international commitments on the other, raising the impossibility of meeting the key development spending targets simultaneously. Given the unavoidable overall financing shortfall, the key question becomes prioritisation of the use of existing resources, the opportunity cost of programming outside these sectors and non priority or ineffective use of resources within the sectors.
2010-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28418/1/MPRA_paper_28418.pdf
Hagen-Zanker, Jessica and McCord, Anna (2010): Financing Social Protection in the Light of International Spending Targets: A Public Sector Spending Review. Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28679
2019-09-28T19:45:35Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483737
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443632
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463233
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443434
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463138
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463231
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28679/
The Italian Position in the Energy and Climate Change Negotiations
Viviani, Carlo
H77 - Intergovernmental Relations ; Federalism ; Secession
D62 - Externalities
F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business
D44 - Auctions
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
L60 - General
F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
F18 - Trade and Environment
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
O52 - Europe
Climate change, security and cost of energy supplies, and the competitiveness of firms and economies have been focal points of the general political and economic policy debate in recent years.
This article examines the choices in this field made at global level with the Kyoto Protocol and in Europe with the more recent “20-20-20” package from the standpoints of the Italian national interests and the negotiating stance adopted by our Government in European and international forums.
The European negotiations on renewable energy sources, the reduction of emissions in the sectors with and without emissions trading schemes, automobile emissions, the auctioning of emission rights, and the identification of industries exposed to the risk of delocalization (carbon leakage) are described in detail, including background data not previously available, and the reasons for Italy’s positions set forth.
The principle guiding Italian negotiators has been to balance the various policy aims, in an effort to ensure that the necessary action against climate change does not have excessive repercussions on growth and employment. The principle is all the more valid in the global talks on the regime that will succeed the Kyoto Protocol when it expires on 1 January 2013.
Without a credible global agreement entailing an equivalent commitment, or sectoral agreements, instruments will be needed to prevent Europe’s climate commitment from producing an unfair competitive disadvantage, with potentially serious social and economic consequences but no appreciable environmental advantage.
2010-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28679/1/MPRA_paper_28679.pdf
Viviani, Carlo (2010): The Italian Position in the Energy and Climate Change Negotiations. Published in: Review of Economic Conditions in Italy , Vol. 2010, No. 2 (January 2011): pp. 231-278.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28764
2019-10-05T04:38:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463539
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463531
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463433
7375626A656374733D47:4730:473031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28764/
Runda Doha: început fără sfârşit
Popa, Diana
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F59 - Other
F51 - International Conflicts ; Negotiations ; Sanctions
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
G01 - Financial Crises
This paper aims to research existing literature on the collapse of the Doha Round and its causes. The first part is a review of significant paper in the vast literature on the history of international trade from the end of the Second World War until the present, focusing especially, on the beginning of the Doha Ministerial Conference as part of World Trade Organization, but also, the results of the negotiations that followed it. The second part illustrated, briefly, some of the causes that led to this impasse, along with the diametrically opposed perceptions of developed countries and developing ones. The main conclusion is that although it would complete the negotiations within the Doha Development Agenda (DDA), on the contrary, the round is underway and can’t be set a fixed date for completing it. The methology used is based on reasoning deductive.
2011-02-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28764/2/MPRA_paper_28764.pdf
Popa, Diana (2011): Runda Doha: început fără sfârşit.
ro
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30527
2019-10-16T20:02:38Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463333
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463336
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30527/
Reform proposals from developing Asia: finding a win-win strategy
Goyal, Ashima
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
Recipient countries and creditors have different perspectives on proposals for reform of the international financial architecture. The difference arises from varying perceptions of the causes of the East Asian crisis. Creditors emphasize inappropriate policies of borrowing countries, and inadequacies in financial sectors. Recipient countries point to evidence of incorrect monetary policy advice, of contagion and herd behavior. If reforms include items from both sets this would maximize future benefits from financial flows. Statements from Asian policy makers and academics indicate that these countries remain committed to globalization and financial reform and are willing to adopt policies from the first set. If the balance of global power allows creditors to escape policies from the second set, it will harm them in the long run. Greater understanding of these technical aspects, stronger Asian regional groups and coalitions with other reformist groups and academics increase the chances of a more balanced set of reforms.
2002
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30527/1/MPRA_paper_30527.pdf
Goyal, Ashima (2002): Reform proposals from developing Asia: finding a win-win strategy. Published in: Chapter 7 from DEBATING THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL ARCHITECTURE (2002)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31977
2019-09-26T16:53:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31977/
An international agreement with full participation to tackle the stock of greenhouse gases
Kratzsch, Uwe
Sieg, Gernot
Stegemann, Ulrike
H41 - Public Goods
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
This paper analyzes greenhouse gas emissions that build up an atmospheric stock which depreciates over time. Weakly renegotiation-proof and subgame perfect equilibria in a game of international emission reduction exist if countries put a sufficiently high weight on future payoffs, even though there is a discontinuity in the required discount factor due to the integrity of the number of punishing countries. Treaties are easier to reach if the gas depreciates slowly.
2011-07-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31977/1/MPRA_paper_31977.pdf
Kratzsch, Uwe and Sieg, Gernot and Stegemann, Ulrike (2011): An international agreement with full participation to tackle the stock of greenhouse gases.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33010
2019-10-14T16:29:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D48:4838:483837
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463032
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463539
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33010/
La Nueva Política Económica de la OCDE ante el cambio en la Economía Mundial
Clifton, Judith
Díaz-Fuentes, Daniel
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
H87 - International Fiscal Issues ; International Public Goods
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
F59 - Other
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
For decades, the OECD constituted an economic and political "club" of Western countries focused around the transatlantic axis. Today, it faces unprecedented challenges as the world economy shifts to the East and the South. In response, the OECD is undergoing meaningful reform: it is becoming more inclusive by broadening out membership, whilst taking a more open-minded approach to policy, recognising there are more ways to economic growth than the "OECD way". The OECD needs to engage the new economic players, but do they really need the OECD? Using primary data, official documents, semi-structured interviews with high officials and secondary sources, this paper evaluates the prospective roles the organization could play in international economic governance at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33010/1/MPRA_paper_33010.pdf
Clifton, Judith and Díaz-Fuentes, Daniel (2011): La Nueva Política Económica de la OCDE ante el cambio en la Economía Mundial.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33043
2019-09-27T16:31:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D48:4838:483837
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463032
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463539
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33043/
La Nueva Política Económica de la OCDE ante el cambio en la Economía Mundial
Clifton, Judith
Díaz-Fuentes, Daniel
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
H87 - International Fiscal Issues ; International Public Goods
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
F59 - Other
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
For decades, the OECD constituted an economic and political "club" of Western countries focused around the transatlantic axis. Today, it faces unprecedented challenges as the world economy shifts to the East and the South. In response, the OECD is undergoing meaningful reform: it is becoming more inclusive by broadening out membership, whilst taking a more open-minded approach to policy, recognising there are more ways to economic growth than the "OECD way". The OECD needs to engage the new economic players, but do they really need the OECD? Using primary data, official documents, semi-structured interviews with high officials and secondary sources, this paper evaluates the prospective roles the organization could play in international economic governance at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33043/1/MPRA_paper_33043.pdf
Clifton, Judith and Díaz-Fuentes, Daniel (2011): La Nueva Política Económica de la OCDE ante el cambio en la Economía Mundial.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34550
2019-09-28T01:32:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3139
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34550/
What determines trust in international organizations? An empirical analysis for the IMF, the World Bank, and the WTO
Hessami, Zohal
F15 - Economic Integration
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
So far no existing study has analyzed what determines people’s trust in the IMF, the World Bank, and the WTO even though – in the absence of democratic accountability – this is one of the few ways to assess the legitimacy of these institutions. This study is intended to fill this gap in the literature based on Eurobarometer survey data from the EU-15 countries. The estimation results suggest that individual characteristics (gender, international background, formal education level, personal income, ideological preferences, interest in politics, and exposure to media) as well as the extent of globalization influence trust in the three international organizations. The state of the economy only has a significant effect on trust in the WTO. Moreover, respondents’ attitudes towards globalization have a bearing on trust in all three international organizations. Survey items on individual knowledge and perceptions of the WTO allow us to test additional hypotheses that apply to this institution alone. We find that familiarity with the WTO fosters trust. Finally, beliefs that the EU is well-represented in the WTO, that the WTO has a good reputation and that it is a democratic and necessary institution increases repondents’ propensity to trust the WTO.
2011-10-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34550/1/MPRA_paper_34550.pdf
Hessami, Zohal (2011): What determines trust in international organizations? An empirical analysis for the IMF, the World Bank, and the WTO.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35280
2019-10-01T16:05:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463138
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463335
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463531
7375626A656374733D45:4530:453031
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35280/
Using a harmonized carbon price framework to finance the Green Climate Fund
Silverstein, David N.
F18 - Trade and Environment
F35 - Foreign Aid
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
F51 - International Conflicts ; Negotiations ; Sanctions
E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth ; Environmental Accounts
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Funding a response to climate change after Kyoto will require another look at both burden sharing and funding mechanisms. After reviewing the risks of cap-and-trade with carbon offsets and the advantages of a harmonized carbon tax, a method is proposed to utilize a harmonized carbon price to finance the Green Climate Fund. A common carbon price is set across all nations with either a carbon tax or an emissions trading floor price with carbon offsets excluded. The harmonized carbon price is incrementally increased until 2050 to reach the cost of atmospheric removal and achieve equilibrium. Carbon revenues collected internally within nations are used for internal investments in climate change. Financing for the Green Climate Fund is generated from transferring a percentage of the collected revenues, based on a sliding window of historical responsibility for fossil fuel emissions and national wealth. Collected revenue is disbursed for climate aid based on a set of national climate need factors for adaptation and mitigation, including preserving strategic carbon absorbers, low-carbon infrastructures, technology transfer and population management. In the interest of distributive justice, nations themselves determine the need factors of each other. Unlike cap-and-trade, this method does not explicitly set emissions caps, but total global emissions can be regulated nevertheless. Formulas are presented for collection and disbursement, which require parameters for a globally harmonized carbon price, a climate fund contribution rate, historical responsibility from fossil fuel emissions, a national wealth threshold for fund contributions and need factors for each nation. Published economic and emissions data are used with the formulas to demonstrate an example of how the financing can work. This presents an equitable way to address climate needs across all nations on both a global and regional level.
2011-12-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35280/1/MPRA_paper_35280.pdf
Silverstein, David N. (2011): Using a harmonized carbon price framework to finance the Green Climate Fund.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36094
2019-09-26T09:48:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3334
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36094/
Intellectual property rights, innovation and technology transfer: a survey
Anja, Breitwieser
Neil, Foster
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
Following the conclusion of the TRIPS Agreement, much has been written on the potential costs and benefits of stronger Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) protection in terms of its impact on innovation and technology transfer, as well as economic growth and welfare. This paper documents the development of IPR regimes within countries and internationally, before surveying the theoretical and empirical literature linking the protection of IPRs to economic growth, innovation and technology diffusion.
2012-01-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36094/1/MPRA_paper_36094.pdf
Anja, Breitwieser and Neil, Foster (2012): Intellectual property rights, innovation and technology transfer: a survey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38047
2019-09-26T08:56:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463432
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463032
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38047/
Free Trade under Contractual Development Area (FTCDA) - A First Examination of a Third Way Facing the Dilemma: Free-Trade vs Protectionist Policy
Buda, Rodolphe
F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
Trade under Contractual Development Area (FTCDA) to give up the dilemma Free-Trade vs Protectionist Policy which are second and third best (resp.). In such an area national economies would respect the current existing rules of the W.T.O. which would add the rule that each national economy would use a part (specified in advance) of the created wealth to develop infrastructures and social protection Some new investigations are obviously necessary to check whether such a configuration is optimal.
2012-04-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38047/1/MPRA_paper_38047.pdf
Buda, Rodolphe (2012): Free Trade under Contractual Development Area (FTCDA) - A First Examination of a Third Way Facing the Dilemma: Free-Trade vs Protectionist Policy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:41322
2019-09-28T18:16:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4535:453538
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41322/
Concessão de crédito entre bancos centrais no âmbito do Convênio de Pagamentos e Créditos Recíprocos
Reiss, Daniel G
E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
The objective is the establishment of credit lines ruled on the Agreement on Reciprocal Payments and Credits, an international agreement signed by twelve Latin America central banks for trade in the early 1980s. A description of the multilateral system of payments and a study of the bilateral credit lines‟ characteristics are made. We propose a model that considers the basic characteristics of trade needs among countries expressed in the Agreement and issues related to risk aversion. The model is estimated and its answers to the data available until the first quarter of 2010. We conclude that the total credit line in CCR shall be reduced; the credit granted to Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay, and Uruguay shall be reduced; and the credit granted to Bolivia, Peru and Venezuela shall be increased.
2010-09-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41322/1/MPRA_paper_41322.pdf
Reiss, Daniel G (2010): Concessão de crédito entre bancos centrais no âmbito do Convênio de Pagamentos e Créditos Recíprocos.
pt
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:42174
2019-09-26T10:07:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D45:4534:453432
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463336
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42174/
Easing trade costs within Mercosul
Reiss, Daniel G
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
E42 - Monetary Systems ; Standards ; Regimes ; Government and the Monetary System ; Payment Systems
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
Abstract The paper describes the joint policy of Brazil and Argentina regarding the currency use in bilateral trade. The Local Currency Payment System (SML) framework is investigated as an instrument of reducing trade costs by providing new financial integration mechanisms and its implications according to usual trade issues debate. We cut across different issues related to the SML rationale. Additionally, we describe and analyze the data available for the system showing that the SML use is more common to Brazilian exports than to Argentine ones.
2012-10-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42174/1/MPRA_paper_42174.pdf
Reiss, Daniel G (2012): Easing trade costs within Mercosul.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44013
2019-09-26T22:53:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44013/
Contemporary Ecumenism between the Theologians’ Discourse and the Reality of Inter-confessional Dialogue. Case Study: Bihor
Brie, Mircea
Z12 - Religion
N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
Religious freedom in Romania after 1989 has
contributed decisively to changes in the religious
structure in the country. From a religious point of view,
the fall of the communist regime meant the end of
abuse or interdictions for many people and
communities. Discussing about ecumenism and interreligious
or inter-confessional dialogue in Bihor is,
according to the current demographic realities, a need
entailed by the ethno-confessional diversity and
multiculturalism specific to the area. The religious
diversity has led not only to inter-community tensions
but also to better mutual knowledge, a phenomenon
that has finally led to dialogue and the establishment of
relationships. There is a visible tendency towards the
realization of a unity in diversity in full awareness of
the obstacles ahead. Beyond the energetic discourse of
high Christian clericals, contemporary ecumenism has
been met with several impediments imposed by the
reality of some “minor” local issues that have remained
unsolved over the years. At times, underlying
theological issues have been a hindrance to a genuine
ecumenical dialogue.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44013/1/MPRA_paper_44013.pdf
Brie, Mircea (2009): Contemporary Ecumenism between the Theologians’ Discourse and the Reality of Inter-confessional Dialogue. Case Study: Bihor. Published in: Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies , Vol. 8, No. 24 (2009): pp. 257-283.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44477
2019-10-01T16:33:26Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463535
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463539
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44477/
The multilevel governance (MLG) and the respect of the subsidiarity principle
Horga, Ioan
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F55 - International Institutional Arrangements
F59 - Other
This article aims to show us the relation between the multilevel governance and the subsidiarity principle. The new provisions of the Lisbon Treaty will strengthen the democratic accountability of the EU and its institutions by creating new tools of communication and political dialogue. The early warning mechanism can also be used as a tool for a better consultation in order to identify specific concerns and expectations of the citizens or local and regional authorities
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44477/1/MPRA_paper_44477.pdf
Horga, Ioan (2010): The multilevel governance (MLG) and the respect of the subsidiarity principle. Published in: Cross Border Partnership with Special Regard to the Hungarian-Romanian-Ukrainian Tripartite Border (2010): pp. 167-172.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44564
2019-10-12T01:18:28Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44564/
The European Ecumenism. Case Study: Oradea
Brie, Mircea
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
Z12 - Religion
The new Europe will bring together a plurality of religions, traditions and cultures. The process of European integration has not only political implications, but also economic, political, social and religious implications. In this context, the building of a New Europe requires a coherent interreligious dialogue. The perspectives of the world and European ecumenical movement concern the realization of the unity among churches. There is a visible tendency towards the realization of a unity in diversity, at the same time seeing the obstacles that exist in front of this vision. A big step forward in Europe was made by the cooperation between CEC and CCEE to organize the European Ecumenical Assemblies and to elaborate the document entitled Charta Oecumenica.
The ecumenical dialogue is practically based on the phenomenon of the concentric circles. What is important is in fact how much the parts have in common or how far a Christian denomination has gone from the doctrinal, administrative and juridical point of view. The dialogue is the ideal means in putting face to face the different points of view, in examining the divergences that separate Christians. In the ecumenical dialogue, the seriousness of the engagement and the depth of the problems that require a solution are obvious.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44564/1/MPRA_paper_44564.pdf
Brie, Mircea (2010): The European Ecumenism. Case Study: Oradea. Published in: Media and European Diversity, Edited by Luminita Soproni & Ioan Horga, Editions Bruylant, Bruxelles (2010): pp. 219-230.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44852
2019-10-04T22:41:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4636
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44852/
European Union between the Constraint of Borders and Global Competition
Horga, Ioan
F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization
The sovereign debt crisis, which currently affects especially the European Union, challenges on the one side the actuality of hard borders and the reexamination of soft borders (Horga & Brie, 2008), and on the other side the need for the European Union to deal with an even more complex global competition, where only a strong actor with strategy and vocation and not reduced national entities can be viable. A major obstacle – the financial crisis – has made many of the researchers, who saw the EU as a vocational actor in the international system and who sustained institutional neoliberal conceptions and attitudes, start doubting such hypotheses by clinging to neorealist solutions. The disfunctionalities between the EU member states within the crisis have fueled a lot of positions, from euro -skepticism, federalism to interguvernamentalism, but also severe critics addressed to the supranationalists, the constructivists and to the people supporting the integration theories, such as governance and policy networks. Starting from this ambivalence, with which the EU has to deal, the volume which we are putting forward introduces the papers of young Romanian researchers who aim to analyze the actuality of the EU borders and the challenges for the beginning of the 21st
century on the one hand, and on the other, the pace of the EU in the global competition.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44852/1/MPRA_paper_44852.pdf
Horga, Ioan (2011): European Union between the Constraint of Borders and Global Competition. Published in: European Union between the Constraint of Borders and Global Competition No. Supplement of Eurolimes (2011): pp. 5-13.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44854
2019-09-28T08:33:20Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44854/
Multilevel Governance (MLG) and Subsidiary Principle in White Paper of MLG of the Committee of the Regions (COR)
Horga, Ioan
F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
This paper tries to review the relation between the MLG and Subsidiarity Principle as seen in the context of the debate over White Paper of Committee of the Region (CoR). First of all, the subsidiarity principle is part of the multilevel governance. Secondly, according to the subsidiarity principle, the political arenas could easily stay interconnected rather than nested, as stated by a major thesis of the multilevel governance paradigm. Finally, subsidiarity considered through the Lisbon Treaty seems to allow CoR become a genuine community institution, which seems to be a paradox considering that it has been conceived to prevent community institutions from blocking the competences of the Member States.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44854/1/MPRA_paper_44854.pdf
Horga, Ioan (2011): Multilevel Governance (MLG) and Subsidiary Principle in White Paper of MLG of the Committee of the Regions (COR). Published in: Regional and Cohesion Policy Insights into the role of the Partnership Principle in the New Policy Design (2011): pp. 158-165.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45017
2019-09-26T08:08:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463032
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463535
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45017/
European Union failures in Greece and some possible explanations
Bitros, George C.
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F55 - International Institutional Arrangements
The European Union (EU) failed repeatedly to hold Greece accountable for violations of the Treaties it signed over the past five decades. In particular, the EU not only did not express reservations in the face of these violations, but on two crucial occasions, in 1979 and again in 2000, it even rewarded Greece with concessionary decisions, which contributed significantly to its present calamities. Hence, there arises the following question: How can we explain these EU failures in the case of Greece? The objectives of this paper are twofold: First, to highlight the circumstances which prompted the EU Authorities to treat Greece as a special case, and second, to sketch briefly the rudiments of an answer to the preceding question.
2013-03-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45017/1/MPRA_paper_45017.pdf
Bitros, George C. (2013): European Union failures in Greece and some possible explanations.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45563
2019-10-09T06:59:31Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45563/
La crisis de la deuda, el euro y la construcción política europea: reflexiones desde la economía
Costas, Antón
Lago-Peñas, Santiago
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
G15 - International Financial Markets
The aim of this short paper is to discuss the future of the European Monetary Union (EMU) departing from the current financial crisis. In particular, we focus on its effects on the prospects for the EMU integration or disintegration.
2013-01-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45563/1/MPRA_paper_45563.pdf
Costas, Antón and Lago-Peñas, Santiago (2013): La crisis de la deuda, el euro y la construcción política europea: reflexiones desde la economía.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45672
2019-09-28T16:30:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45672/
La crisis de la deuda, el euro y la construcción política europea: reflexiones desde la economía
Costas, Antón
Lago-Peñas, Santiago
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
G15 - International Financial Markets
The aim of this short paper is to discuss the future of the European Monetary Union (EMU) departing from the current financial crisis. In particular, we focus on its effects on the prospects for the EMU integration or disintegration.
2013-01-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45672/1/MPRA_paper_45563.pdf
Costas, Antón and Lago-Peñas, Santiago (2013): La crisis de la deuda, el euro y la construcción política europea: reflexiones desde la economía.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45732
2019-09-27T02:55:44Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463130
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513130
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513230
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D52:5230:523030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45732/
Cambodia - Laos - Vietnam Development Triangle: A Viewpoint from Vietnam
Nguyen, Binh Giang
F10 - General
F22 - International Migration
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
Q10 - General
Q20 - General
Q40 - General
R00 - General
In this paper, the author would like to uncover challenges to Cambodia-Laos-Vietnam Development Triangle and suggest key policies to address them. The first section of this paper will give an introduction on the Vietnam provinces (VDTA) of CLV-DTA. The second section will present the market potential within the Vietnamese area of CLV-DTA. Cross-border trade through border crossings between VDTA provinces and Cambodian member provinces (CDTA), Lao member provinces (LDTA) as well as transport corridors for shipping goods will be discussed in this part. In the third section, challenges will be pointed out. It would be a shortcoming if this section mentioned only challenges but not the development potential that would help address these challenges. At the conclusion of this paper, the author will summarize the findings and suggest selected policies.
2013-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45732/1/MPRA_paper_45732.pdf
Nguyen, Binh Giang (2013): Cambodia - Laos - Vietnam Development Triangle: A Viewpoint from Vietnam. Published in: Bangkok Research Report No. 11 (March 2013): pp. 99-132.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:46993
2019-09-27T10:56:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463531
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463532
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473133
7375626A656374733D47:4733
7375626A656374733D4B:4B30
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D52:5231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46993/
Rwanda’s involvement in Eastern DRC: A criminal real options approach
Cassimon, Danny
Engelen, Peter-Jan
Reyntjens, Filip
F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy
F51 - International Conflicts ; Negotiations ; Sanctions
F52 - National Security ; Economic Nationalism
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
G13 - Contingent Pricing ; Futures Pricing
G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance
K0 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
R1 - General Regional Economics
This paper applies an alternative model to analyze criminal behaviour by countries based on real option models. Criminal options incorporate a richer framework than traditional cost-benefit models and allow examining the optimal timing of a crime as criminals have the possibility but not the obligation to commit a crime in the near future. From the model, we show how criminal states can actively manage their criminal options. More importantly, we show how the international community can optimally intervene pro-actively, by reducing the incentives for criminal states to execute their criminal options. These novel insights are then applied to two episodes of criminal behaviour by Rwanda in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): the massive killing of Hutu refugees by the Rwanda Patriotic Army (RPA) in late 1996-early 1997 and the illegal exploitation of Congolese resources from August 1998 onwards. This article describes and assesses these activities from this real option perspective.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46993/1/MPRA_paper_46993.pdf
Cassimon, Danny and Engelen, Peter-Jan and Reyntjens, Filip (2013): Rwanda’s involvement in Eastern DRC: A criminal real options approach. Published in: Crime, Law, and Social Change No. 59 (2013): pp. 39-62.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:47156
2019-09-28T11:42:23Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4636
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3637
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47156/
Phasing out of Multi-fibre Arrangement: implications for the Indian garment exporting firms
Keshari, Pradeep Kumar
Nair, Tara
Avasthi, Dinesh
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization
L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather Goods; Household Goods; Sports Equipment
The study suggests that the entrepreneurs in the Indian clothing industry is all set to take on the challenges and opportunities created by the signing of the GATT-94's Final Act by the Government of India. Small and medium enterprises in the industry are confident about their inherent competitive advantage that would facilitate greater market penetration. Yet, they realize that China, Pakistan and Bangladesh would emerge as major rivals in the global market along with multinationals.They have serious doubt about the distribution of actual gains during the transition period as they view the process and pace of integration envisaged in the GATT-94 Agreement as disproportionately biased towards the developed countries. The pattern of phasing out of MFA would practically deprive them of their access to real benefits. Similarly, along with the disappearances of the restrictive regime of quotas, they see the possibility of new types of barriers emerging in future. It is this uncertainty, which spreads over the optimism of Indian firms in the garment sector like a layer of mist that needs attention in the policy making fora.
2013-05-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47156/1/MPRA_paper_47156.pdf
Keshari, Pradeep Kumar and Nair, Tara and Avasthi, Dinesh (2013): Phasing out of Multi-fibre Arrangement: implications for the Indian garment exporting firms. Published in: Foreign Trade Review , Vol. 30, No. 24 (December 1995): pp. 78-88.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:50557
2019-09-28T08:25:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463336
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473234
7375626A656374733D4E:4E32:4E3234
7375626A656374733D4E:4E37:4E3734
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50557/
Financing Utilities: How the Role of the European Investment Bank shifted from regional development to making markets
Clifton, Judith
Diaz Fuentes, Daniel
Revuelta, Julio
F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
G24 - Investment Banking ; Venture Capital ; Brokerage ; Ratings and Ratings Agencies
N24 - Europe: 1913-
N74 - Europe: 1913-
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
In the face of continuing financial and economic crises, the European Investment Bank (EIB) has been criticized for being overly-conservative in its loans to Europe. Critics in particular have called on the EIB to vastly increase its investment in utilities as a counter-cyclical measure. To take stock and, in order to evaluate the role of the EIB in financing utilities over time, we compile and analyze an original database of all EIB utilities project loans from 1958 to 2004. We find the EIB started out by functioning as a regional development bank, prioritizing utilities finance in its members’ poorer zones; however, energy crises in the 1970s marked a shift whereby the logic of EIB finance to utilities became more politically-oriented. By the 1980s, utilities projects supported by the EIB were intimately related to those required for the Single Market. The origins of the EIB’s current conservative approach to utilities loans was born in the 1970s and fully consolidated by the 1990s.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50557/1/MPRA_paper_50557.pdf
Clifton, Judith and Diaz Fuentes, Daniel and Revuelta, Julio (2013): Financing Utilities: How the Role of the European Investment Bank shifted from regional development to making markets.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51011
2019-09-28T19:26:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463336
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473234
7375626A656374733D4E:4E32:4E3234
7375626A656374733D4E:4E37:4E3734
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51011/
Financing Utilities: How the Role of the European Investment Bank shifted from regional development to making markets
Clifton, Judith
Diaz Fuentes, Daniel
Revuelta, Julio
F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
G24 - Investment Banking ; Venture Capital ; Brokerage ; Ratings and Ratings Agencies
N24 - Europe: 1913-
N74 - Europe: 1913-
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
In the face of continuing financial and economic crises, the European Investment Bank (EIB) has been criticized for being overly-conservative in its loans to Europe. Critics in particular have called on the EIB to vastly increase its investment in utilities as a counter-cyclical measure. To take stock and, in order to evaluate the role of the EIB in financing utilities over time, we compile and analyze an original database of all EIB utilities project loans from 1958 to 2004. We find the EIB started out by functioning as a regional development bank, prioritizing utilities finance in its members’ poorer zones; however, energy crises in the 1970s marked a shift whereby the logic of EIB finance to utilities became more politically-oriented. By the 1980s, utilities projects supported by the EIB were intimately related to those required for the Single Market. The origins of the EIB’s current conservative approach to utilities loans was born in the 1970s and fully consolidated by the 1990s.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51011/1/MPRA_paper_50557.pdf
Clifton, Judith and Diaz Fuentes, Daniel and Revuelta, Julio (2013): Financing Utilities: How the Role of the European Investment Bank shifted from regional development to making markets.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51457
2019-10-13T04:32:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463333
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473138
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473231
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473238
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51457/
El posible impacto de las reformas internacionales en América Latina y el Caribe
Heinrich, Gregor
F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
G18 - Government Policy and Regulation
G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages
G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
K22 - Business and Securities Law
K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
Text presented at the 19ª Asamblea Anual del Grupo Regional de América Latina y el Caribe (GRULAC), of the World Savings Banks Institute, La Habana, Cuba, 4-5 November 2013.
It mentions some of the more recent international reform initiatives in particular those linked to the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, like Basel III, but also the Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) initiative, supported by the G-20 and the Financial Stability Board. The text then mentions some of the effects that such initiatives may have in the region.
-
Ese texto [presentado en la 19ª Asamblea Anual del Grupo Regional de América Latina y el Caribe (GRULAC), La Habana, Cuba, 4-5 November 2013] trata de aclarar una preocupación general: “Cómo influencia la regulación global a América Latina y el Caribe”.
De hecho, la perspectiva de los supervisores ha cambiado en el trascurso de los años, sobre todo como resultado de varias crisis económicas, financieras y bancarias. La última crisis en los grandes centros financieros ha provocado importantes reformas y debates que sin dudan tendrán consecuencias duraderas.
En lo que sigue menciono algunas de las iniciativas internacionales, sobre todo las vinculadas con el Comité de Basilea, como por ejemplo, Basilea III, pero también una iniciativa apoyada por el G-20, el ”Identificador de persona jurídica”, y tratar de mencionar algunos efectos que esas iniciativas pueden tener en la región.
2013-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51457/1/MPRA_paper_51457.pdf
Heinrich, Gregor (2013): El posible impacto de las reformas internacionales en América Latina y el Caribe.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51535
2019-09-26T14:41:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4636
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463630
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51535/
Political Trust, Corruption and Ratings of the IMF and the World Bank
Breen, Michael
Gillanders, Robert
F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization
F60 - General
P16 - Political Economy
There are only a handful of studies that examine public support for the IMF and World Bank. At the individual level, evaluations of the economy feature prominently in these studies. Utilizing data from the Afrobarometer study, we find that evaluations of the economy, ideology and a range of socio-demographic factors including age, gender,
employment status, health, education, and living conditions are not significantly related to ratings of effectiveness. Rather, we find that political trust and corruption – two very important concepts in the wider literature on individual level attitudes toward international relations and foreign policy issues – are strongly associated with ratings of effectiveness.
2013-11-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51535/1/MPRA_paper_51535.pdf
Breen, Michael and Gillanders, Robert (2013): Political Trust, Corruption and Ratings of the IMF and the World Bank.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51558
2019-09-28T16:52:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463333
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473138
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473231
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473238
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51558/
El posible impacto de las reformas internacionales en América Latina y el Caribe
Heinrich, Gregor
F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
G18 - Government Policy and Regulation
G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages
G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
K22 - Business and Securities Law
K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
Text presented at the 19ª Asamblea Anual del Grupo Regional de América Latina y el Caribe (GRULAC), of the World Savings Banks Institute, La Habana, Cuba, 4-5 November 2013.
It mentions some of the more recent international reform initiatives in particular those linked to the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, like Basel III, but also the Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) initiative, supported by the G-20 and the Financial Stability Board. The text then mentions some of the effects that such initiatives may have in the region.
-
Ese texto [presentado en la 19ª Asamblea Anual del Grupo Regional de América Latina y el Caribe (GRULAC), La Habana, Cuba, 4-5 November 2013] trata de aclarar una preocupación general: “Cómo influencia la regulación global a América Latina y el Caribe”.
De hecho, la perspectiva de los supervisores ha cambiado en el trascurso de los años, sobre todo como resultado de varias crisis económicas, financieras y bancarias. La última crisis en los grandes centros financieros ha provocado importantes reformas y debates que sin dudan tendrán consecuencias duraderas.
En lo que sigue menciono algunas de las iniciativas internacionales, sobre todo las vinculadas con el Comité de Basilea, como por ejemplo, Basilea III, pero también una iniciativa apoyada por el G-20, el ”Identificador de persona jurídica”, y tratar de mencionar algunos efectos que esas iniciativas pueden tener en la región.
2013-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51558/1/MPRA_paper_51558.pdf
Heinrich, Gregor (2013): El posible impacto de las reformas internacionales en América Latina y el Caribe.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51810
2019-09-26T20:52:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463231
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463233
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4636
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51810/
United Arab Emirates FDI Outlook
Mina, Wasseem
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization
FDI is important in building a sustainable and diversified knowledge-based UAE economy. The stock of FDI grew at an average annual growth rate of 45.3 percent over the past decade reaching US$ 95 billion or nearly 27 percent of GDP in 2012. FDI flows have not recovered from the global financial crises. Most FDI stock is concentrated in finance, construction, and real estate. Recent greenfield FDI is concentrated in construction, while more than half of top M&A deals took place in finance, transportation, communications and utilities. The list of top OECD home countries for FDI flows to the UAE include Italy, Germany, Chile, United Kingdom, Luxembourg, France, United States, and Belgium. Though UAE investment policy limits foreign investment and reduces competition, the Government has undertaken reforms and contracted investment treaties that have encouraged investment. Efforts are under way to speed up the ratification of a new foreign investment law, which removes several of the current legal barriers to FDI and offers foreign investors similar rights to those of UAE nationals. The UAE has high FDI potential with plenty of room for improving FDI performance and benefiting the economy.
2013-11-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51810/1/MPRA_paper_51810.pdf
Mina, Wasseem (2013): United Arab Emirates FDI Outlook.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52187
2019-09-28T16:49:15Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513437
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52187/
Trans Anadolu Dogal Gaz Boru Hattı Projesinin Ekonomik ve Stratejik Beklentileri
Suleymanov, Elchin
Hasanov, Fakhri
Nuri Aras, Osman
F1 - Trade
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
Q40 - General
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
Q47 - Energy Forecasting
The Republic of Azerbaijan is one of the oil and gas rich countires of the former Soviet Union. After the second stage of the Shah Deniz gas field, natural gas exltation and exportation became one of the key issues in Azerbaijan’s oil and gas stategy. Diversification of the oil and gas transportation is key issue for Azerbaijan’s energy security policy. In this regard, TANAP is one of the important project after Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline. TANAP is proposed natural gas pipeline for transporting Azerbaijani natural gas through Turkey to Europe in two directions. The project is firstly announced on 17 November 2011 at the Third Black Sea Energy and Economic Forum in Istanbul and singed on 26 June 2012.By starting 2014 and finishing 2018, TANAP will cost billion USD and will be the capacity of 23 billion cubic metres by 2023 and 31 billion cubic metres by 2026.
2013-09-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52187/1/MPRA_paper_52187.pdf
Suleymanov, Elchin and Hasanov, Fakhri and Nuri Aras, Osman (2013): Trans Anadolu Dogal Gaz Boru Hattı Projesinin Ekonomik ve Stratejik Beklentileri. Published in:
tr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55413
2019-09-27T16:41:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D46:4632
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463230
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463336
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4636
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55413/
The Malfunctioning of the Gulf Cooperation Council Single Market: Features, Causes and Remedies
Abdulghaffar, Mahmood
Al-Ubaydli, Omar
Mahmood, Omar
F15 - Economic Integration
F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business
F20 - General
F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization
F60 - General
Five years after its inception, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) single market is malfunctioning in a litany of ways: there remain restrictions on the movement of goods,
capital and labor across political boundaries. This paper describes the GCC single market’s malfunctions. We also propose remedies, taking advantage of the single market experiences of, among others, the European Union. A key conclusion is that there is an absence of GCC supranational political institutions powerful enough to enforce rules, with the exception of the Supreme Council, which is itself not designed to deal with day-to-day issues such as enforcing a single market. Consequently, the GCC needs to alter its institutional structure if it wants the single market to operate correctly.
2014-04-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55413/1/MPRA_paper_55413.pdf
Abdulghaffar, Mahmood and Al-Ubaydli, Omar and Mahmood, Omar (2014): The Malfunctioning of the Gulf Cooperation Council Single Market: Features, Causes and Remedies. Published in: Middle Eastern Finance and Economics No. 19 (2013): pp. 54-67.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55414
2019-10-16T06:00:41Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463336
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463531
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463535
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55414/
مجلس ”التنسيق“ وليس ”التعاون“: تحدّيات الاتحاد أمام الدول الأعضاء
Al-Ubaydli, Omar
F15 - Economic Integration
F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
F51 - International Conflicts ; Negotiations ; Sanctions
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F55 - International Institutional Arrangements
حقّق مجلس التعاون للدول الخليجية العربية إنجازات ملحوظة منذ إطلاقه في عام 1981، ومبدئيّاً تطوّر من تعاون أمنيّ وعسكريّ إلى تكامل اقتصاديّ يتمثّل في وحدة جمركية وسوق مشتركة وخطّة ملموسة لإنشاء عملة موحّدة. وتطمح الآن بعض الدول الأعضاء لتحويل العلاقة من نمط تعاونيّ إلى اتحاد ربّما شامل، وخصوصاً في المجالات الاقتصادية والدفاعية والسياسات الخارجيّة. ويخلق حلم الاتّحاد مجالاً لتحقيق مكتسبات كبيرة وغير مسبوقة للدول الخليجيّة. ولكنّ من بين الدول المتحمّسة نسبيّاً هناك تصوّر بأنّ من الممكن صياغة اتّحادٍ لا يمسّ باستقلال وسيادة الدول الأعضاء، ودون تعرّض الدول الصغيرة لهيمنة الدول الكبرى.
هذا مبدأ خاطئ جذريّاً وغير واقعيّ؛ لأنّ التعاون الفعّال يقوم على التنازل عن المصلحة الآنيّة لأجل تحقيق هدف جماعي. وانتشار هذه العقلية يفسّر فشل تحقيق مردود كبير للمشاريع الاقتصاديّة الخليجيّة، كما أنّه يهدّد نجاح مشروع العملة الموحّدة. وإن أرادت الدول الخليجيّة أن تنظر إلى الاتّحاد بجدّية، فعليها أن تجري تغييرات أساسيّة في بنية مجلس التعاون وفي تصوّراتها عن متطلبات التفاعل البنّاء. والخبرة الأوروبيّة المتمثّلة في الاتّحاد الأوروبيّ تشكّل مصدراً مفيداً من المعلومات والتوصيات عن الطريق الأفضل لتحقيق هذا المشروع الطموح والواعد.
2014-03-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55414/1/MPRA_paper_55414.pdf
Al-Ubaydli, Omar (2014): مجلس ”التنسيق“ وليس ”التعاون“: تحدّيات الاتحاد أمام الدول الأعضاء. Published in: مجلة السياسة الدولية No. 196 (April 2014)
ar
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55451
2019-10-09T07:33:15Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463336
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463531
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463535
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55451/
مجلس ”التنسيق“ وليس ”التعاون“: تحدّيات الاتحاد أمام الدول الأعضاء
Al-Ubaydli, Omar
F15 - Economic Integration
F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
F51 - International Conflicts ; Negotiations ; Sanctions
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F55 - International Institutional Arrangements
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has progressed substantially since its inception in 1981, and it has developed from defense and military cooperation to economic integration, such as the customs union, the single market, and firm plans for monetary union. Some of the member states are currently aiming to evolve the relationship from cooperation into a potentially complete union, especially in the economic, defense, and foreign policy domains. The dream of union has the potential to confer significant and unprecedented benefits upon the Gulf countries. However, among the relatively enthusiastic states, there exists a supposition that it is possible to forge a union that does not impinge upon the independence and sovereignty of the member countries, and without the larger countries dominating the smaller ones.
This principle is fundamentally incorrect and unrealistic. The reason is that a functioning union is based on the principle of realizing a collective goal even, if it contradicts a member's short term interests. In fact the prevalence of this erroneous mindset explains the failure to realize a substantial return on Gulf economic projects, and it also threatens the success of the single currency. If the Gulf countries want to seriously consider the idea of a political union, they need to fundamentally change the GCC and their own views on the requirements for constructive interaction. The European experience, as embodied in the European Union (EU), is a useful source of information and recommendations on the best way to realize the ambitious and promising project of political union.
2014-03-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55451/1/MPRA_paper_55414.pdf
Al-Ubaydli, Omar (2014): مجلس ”التنسيق“ وليس ”التعاون“: تحدّيات الاتحاد أمام الدول الأعضاء. Published in: مجلة السياسة الدولية No. 196 (April 2014)
ar
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55868
2014-12-08T14:00:50Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56238
2019-10-07T16:24:35Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463535
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56238/
European enlargement and new frontiers of Central and Eastern Europe
Brie, Mircea
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F55 - International Institutional Arrangements
The borders of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) today are the result of a complex process conducted decades after the fall of communist regimes in this part of Europe. With the opening towards the west, with the change of political and economic regimes came the implementation of democratic reforms of CEE societies and this led to the beginning of a complex integration process. The latter is undoubtedly associated with profound changes in the form and role of borders between states and the new Western partners. The old barriers open, the borders become increasingly soft. Old movement restrictions are removed. The main idea of the integration process is not to settle barriers, but to attenuate them. From this perspective, internal borders become more and more inclusive and less visible. Security and border traffic control are transferred to external borders that become more and more exclusive, more restrictive if we respect the logic above. Such a theory is valid up to a point. Internal borders do not simply become more open, more inclusive; there is an integration process taking place in steps. The EU external border greatly expanded eastward, and in this context the old borders have become simple internal borders. Associated to an integration process, we find a process of dilution to the disappearance of internal borders with the Schengen space integration (old borders remain expressions of sovereignty, the national limits no longer serve to separate people, goods and capital).
2014
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56238/1/MPRA_paper_56238.pdf
Brie, Mircea (2014): European enlargement and new frontiers of Central and Eastern Europe. Published in: Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Series Europaea, Cluj-Napoca , Vol. LIX, 1, (2014): pp. 113-130.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56282
2019-10-16T22:14:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433139
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463032
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463333
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56282/
The Principal Components Approach to Quota Formulation at the IMF: 2011 Economic Size and Quota Formula Update
Nguema-Affane, Thierry
C19 - Other
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
This paper updates economic size rankings and quota formulas derived from the principal components approach to quota formulation at the IMF developed by Nguéma-Affane (2008). Using available annual sets of quota data up to 2011, the paper shows that the top 10 countries remained broadly stable in 2009-2011, with one notable development: China is now the largest economy since 2009 followed by the United States, Japan and Germany. Quota shares mirror this development, notably the downward trend of the quota shares of advanced economies. China is incontestably experiencing the highest gain in quota shares consistent with its continuous economic dynamism. The paper also explores the impact of removing openness and/or variability from the dataset used for the purpose of the PCAp. It shows that the variables openness and variability play the same role as they reinforce the size dimension through their strong correlation with GDP. However they contribute very little to the significance of the economic size indicator.
2014-05-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56282/1/MPRA_paper_56282.pdf
Nguema-Affane, Thierry (2014): The Principal Components Approach to Quota Formulation at the IMF: 2011 Economic Size and Quota Formula Update.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56343
2019-09-28T20:51:06Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D4D:4D34:4D3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56343/
Internal Audit in the Pharmaceutical Sector: International and National Good Practices
Tsvetanova, Yulia
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
M42 - Auditing
Internal audit plays an increasingly important role in the field of management. In today's economic environment, means and methods to achieve high financial performance in the medium and long-term perspective are purposefully sought.
In the new reality, practice puts an emphasis on the need for additional control on the activities which, in turn, justifies concrete changes in the policy of the organizations as well. In terms of the individual organization, the implementation of internal audit is a set of applications of international practices and compliance with the national legislation that are undertaken to improve the competitiveness.
2014-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56343/1/MPRA_paper_56343.pdf
Tsvetanova, Yulia (2014): Internal Audit in the Pharmaceutical Sector: International and National Good Practices. Published in: Aktiv , Vol. 4, No. April (April 2014): pp. 13-15.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56344
2019-09-26T08:45:15Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D4D:4D34:4D3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56344/
Features of Internal Audit in Pharmaceutical Industry
Tsvetanova, Yulia
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
M42 - Auditing
The review highlights the main features of internal audit by focus on distribution of medicinal products. Recent data suggest internal audit as an antidote to effects of economic recession. The present review reveals internal audit as a tool for competitiveness through implementation of good practices.
The purpose of the review is to describe the advantages of internal audit in new institutional frame. The object of analysis is the distribution practice, and more concrete, the wholesale distributors. The analysis was perform by factor analysis and done in response to the tendency for outsource of distribution activities and practical interest in the use of internal audit by implementation of requirements and recommendations for good practices.
The results showed that the internal audit in pharmaceutical industry is determinate by two factors: regulatory requirements and complexity of supply chain. The external and the internal environment define five features of internal audit in pharmaceutical industry.
2014
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56344/1/MPRA_paper_56344.pdf
Tsvetanova, Yulia (2014): Features of Internal Audit in Pharmaceutical Industry. Forthcoming in: Pharmacia , Vol. 61, No. 2 (2014): pp. 30-34.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56591
2019-09-30T17:01:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3333
7375626A656374733D4E:4E39:4E3934
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56591/
Lizbon Antlaşması Sonrası Avrupa Birliği'nin Yeni Kurumsal Yapısı
CALISKAN, Ozgur
F15 - Economic Integration
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
K33 - International Law
N94 - Europe: 1913-
The Lisbon Treaty entered into force on December 1, 2009, marking a new level of EU’s initiatives on institutional change and policy reforms in 2000’s. The purpose of this study is to provide an outline of the changes in the institutional structure of EU with the Lisbon Treaty, considering the targets of reform initiatives started in the late 1990’s. The study argues that although the Treaty ensures new institutional innovations and designs, the question of whether those reforms would be sufficient to overcome the current challenges that EU faces and to fully reach the goals of 2000’s reform process, is still prevalent.
2011-01-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56591/3/MPRA_paper_56591.pdf
CALISKAN, Ozgur (2011): Lizbon Antlaşması Sonrası Avrupa Birliği'nin Yeni Kurumsal Yapısı.
tr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56986
2019-09-26T14:15:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463539
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56986/
Free Trade Agreements with cross-country fixed geo-political constraints
Perju, Genoveva-Elena
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F59 - Other
The paper explores the role of the gravity variables in explaining the FTA-s formation. We develop a new theoretical benchmark for the use of the gravity equation modeling them as fixed resources in the budget constraint of the Nash equilibrium definition of an FTA. We show the existence of an endogenous relationship between gravity variables and bilateral trade so that we code FTA-s as a quantitative variable and we use the simultaneous equations method of estimation on 30195 observations from 1960-2000. There is evidence for bilateral trade being the main determinant of free trade agreements. Other statistically significant relationships are the sharing a common language or common cultural heritages well as being a former colony of the same colonizer which are positively correlated with the FTA formation.
2009-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56986/1/MPRA_paper_56986.pdf
Perju, Genoveva-Elena (2009): Free Trade Agreements with cross-country fixed geo-political constraints.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:57070
2019-09-27T11:12:31Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463534
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463630
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3137
7375626A656374733D4E:4E39:4E3937
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57070/
Horse trading? EU-African Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs)
Kohnert, Dirk
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F54 - Colonialism ; Imperialism ; Postcolonialism
F60 - General
N17 - Africa ; Oceania
N97 - Africa ; Oceania
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
EU- Africa Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) are on the brink. In February 2014 West African leaders agreed in principle to conclude an agreement. However, last-minute objections of the heavy-weight Nigeria which wants to protect its infant industries as well as promising trade relations with new global players are likely to prevent the deal. Whether the ECOWAS EPA in its current form would really create a win-win situation for both partners as asserted by the EU is open to question. Scholarly evaluation of the EPAs reveal double-talk and significant barriers to a sustainable development of African economies. The growing preparedness of African states to challenge EU mercantile interest has been effectively backed by agitation of civil society organisations.
2014-06-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57070/1/MPRA_paper_57070.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (2014): Horse trading? EU-African Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs).
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:57147
2019-09-27T01:23:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463539
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57147/
Free Trade Agreements with cross-country fixed geo-political constraints
Perju, Genoveva-Elena
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F59 - Other
The paper explores the role of the gravity variables in explaining the FTA-s formation. We develop a new theoretical benchmark for the use of the gravity equation modeling them as fixed resources in the budget constraint of the Nash equilibrium definition of an FTA. We show the existence of an endogenous relationship between gravity variables and bilateral trade so that we code FTA-s as a quantitative variable and we use the simultaneous equations method of estimation on 30195 observations from 1960-2000. There is evidence for bilateral trade being the main determinant of free trade agreements. Other statistically significant relationships are the sharing a common language or common cultural heritages well as being a former colony of the same colonizer which are positively correlated with the FTA formation.
2009-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57147/1/MPRA_paper_56986.pdf
Perju, Genoveva-Elena (2009): Free Trade Agreements with cross-country fixed geo-political constraints.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:57492
2019-10-17T21:52:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4535:453538
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463639
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57492/
Determinación de estándares internacionales: Hacia la certidumbre jurídica y la estabilidad financiera. (enlace al documento publicado: http://biblio.juridicas.unam.mx/libros/5/2332/13.pdf)
Heinrich, Gregor
E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F69 - Other
K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
Standards and the global framework. The BIS as host of standard setting bodies. Legal impact of standards.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57492/1/MPRA_paper_57492.pdf
Heinrich, Gregor (2006): Determinación de estándares internacionales: Hacia la certidumbre jurídica y la estabilidad financiera. (enlace al documento publicado: http://biblio.juridicas.unam.mx/libros/5/2332/13.pdf). Published in: Panorama internacional de derecho mercantil - Culturas y sistemas jurídicos comparados. , Vol. 1, (2006): pp. 129-150.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:57536
2019-10-13T05:13:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3333
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3339
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57536/
Building a universal payments law?: The UNCITRAL Model Law on International Credit Transfers.
Henrich, Gregor
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
K12 - Contract Law
K33 - International Law
K39 - Other
The article descibes the process leading to the draft of the Model Law as discussed in 1991. The text of the draft is reproduced as Annex.
The Model Law is designed to produce a comprehensive body of rules to govern relations between parties to funds transfer transactions.
1991-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57536/1/MPRA_paper_57536.pdf
Henrich, Gregor (1991): Building a universal payments law?: The UNCITRAL Model Law on International Credit Transfers. Published in: Payment Systems Worldwide No. Summer (1991): pp. 4-16.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:57961
2019-10-08T20:49:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463534
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463630
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3137
7375626A656374733D4E:4E39:4E3937
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57961/
Horse trading? EU-African Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs)
Kohnert, Dirk
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F54 - Colonialism ; Imperialism ; Postcolonialism
F60 - General
N17 - Africa ; Oceania
N97 - Africa ; Oceania
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
EU- Africa Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) are on the brink. In July 2014 the Head of States of ECOWAS endorsed the negotiated compromise EPA after prolonged negotiations. However, last-minute objections of the heavy-weight Nigeria which wants to protect its infant industries as well as promising trade relations with new global players still could prevent the deal. Whether the ECOWAS EPA in its current form would really create a win-win situation for both partners as asserted by the EU is open to question. Scholarly evaluation of the EPAs reveal double-talk and significant barriers to a sustainable development of African economies. The growing preparedness of African states to challenge EU mercantile interest has been effectively backed by agitation of civil society organisations.
2014-06-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57961/1/MPRA_paper_57961.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (2014): Horse trading? EU-African Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs).
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:60311
2019-10-04T06:32:22Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463530
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60311/
Нормативна рамка на икономическите отношения между България и Русия
Marinov, Eduard
F50 - General
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
Economic relations between Bulgaria and Russia in modern history are influenced by many factors, among which the most significant are the social, economic and political environment in boh countries, but also in Europe and the global world. In this context the legal basis of the relations plays a significant role, giving the ways for the implementation, the priorities and the goals in these relations. The paper analyses the existing legal basis of the economic relations between Bulgaria and Russia, outlining its main deficits, as well as the prospects for its future development related to Bulgaria‘s EU membership and Russia‘s WTO membership. Some recommendations are made on the priority areas in which the legal basis should be further developed.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60311/1/MPRA_paper_60311.pdf
Marinov, Eduard (2007): Нормативна рамка на икономическите отношения между България и Русия. Published in: Biznes kontaktai No. 3/2007, ISSN 1312-109X (2007): pp. 30-31.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:60313
2019-10-05T17:02:04Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463530
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60313/
Impact of the European Union on Regional Integration in Africa
Marinov, Eduard
F15 - Economic Integration
F50 - General
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
The development and dynamics of regional integration in Africa are severely influenced by the transformation of the trade relations imposed by the Cotonou agreement. Economic relations now based on unilateral trade preferences provided by the EU are envisaged to be based on Economic partnership agreements that should regulate trade and cooperation establishing new trade regimes between the EU and ACP regions selected by clear criteria. They also promote regional integration efforts and impose measures to support developing partner regions. A decade after the start of the negotiations for the EPAs, the impact on regional integration is still unclear. Although EPAs aim at the promotion of regional integration their immediate impact is even greater fragmentation of existing RECs. The report examines the principles, history, and current state of negotiations as well as the twofold effects of EPAs on regional integration efforts in Africa.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60313/1/MPRA_paper_60313.pdf
Marinov, Eduard (2013): Impact of the European Union on Regional Integration in Africa. Published in: Financial and Monetary Economics – EFM 2013 No. ISSN 2344-3642 (2013): pp. 229-239.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:60318
2019-09-27T17:43:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463030
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463535
7375626A656374733D4E:4E37:4E3737
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60318/
Регионалните интеграционни общности в Африка
Marinov, Eduard
F00 - General
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F55 - International Institutional Arrangements
N77 - Africa ; Oceania
Currently there are 15 regional integration communities in Africa and 7 of them are officially recognized as the foundation for the development of the African economic community. Reviewed are their goals, their main achievements and issues. The study analyses the progress made in the integration process as well as the challenges it faces.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60318/1/MPRA_paper_60318.pdf
Marinov, Eduard (2013): Регионалните интеграционни общности в Африка. Published in: Proceedings of Scientific Seminar “The New Economic Geography: Theory and Practice” No. ISBN 978-954-490-434-0 (2014): pp. 143-154.
bg
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:60319
2019-09-27T21:42:39Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463534
7375626A656374733D4E:4E37:4E3737
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60319/
Успехи и предизвикателства на регионалната икономическа интеграция в Африка
Marinov, Eduard
F15 - Economic Integration
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F54 - Colonialism ; Imperialism ; Postcolonialism
N77 - Africa ; Oceania
State and government leaders of the African Union adopt and implement efforts for regional integration as a common strategy for the development of the continent. The objective at continental level is the establishment of the African Economic Community as the last of six consecutive stages, including the strengthening of inter-sectorial cooperation and the establishment of regional free trade areas, monetary union, common market, monetary and economic union, covering the entire continent. Currently there are 16 Regional economic communities in Africa and 8 of them are officially recognized as the foundation for the development of the African economic community. The study analyses the progress made in the integration process as well as the challenges it faces.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60319/1/MPRA_paper_60319.pdf
Marinov, Eduard (2013): Успехи и предизвикателства на регионалната икономическа интеграция в Африка. Published in: Political and Economic Transformations in the 21st Century No. ISBN 978-954-715-620-3 (2013): pp. 79-90.
bg
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:61073
2023-05-19T15:52:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463535
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61073/
Lao PDR Market Access Guide: Trading with ASEAN Dialogue Partners - Australia and New
Lord, Montague
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F55 - International Institutional Arrangements
Laos benefits from the ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA). The Agreement has eliminated tariffs on 90% of Australia’s and New Zealand’s imports, with the remaining tariff lines to be removed by 2020. For Laos, it provides for a much longer transition period for eliminating tariffs in recognition of the country’s status as a newer ASEAN member having as least developed country status.
The Agreement also eliminates non-tariff barriers like licensing requirements; offers procedures on standards and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures; facilitates communications and shipping services; and guarantees equal treatment to foreign investments. These preferential arrangements offer Laos significant opportunities for accessing the Australian and New Zealand markets in a wide range of products.
Although tariff rates are, on average, relatively low for non-AANZFTA countries, they still raise costs. Lao producers and exporters therefore have a competitive cost advantage because Australian and New Zealand importers can buy Lao products without having to pay customs duties on those imports.
Australia and New Zealand have conducive environments for doing business. Both rank within the top 10 best countries in general, and they both have above-average rankings for ease of trading across borders. In addition, Australia’s and New Zealand’s logistics environments are highly favorable to trading.
Both countries rely heavily on trade with ASEAN countries. The ASEAN region is the largest trading partner of Australia and the fourth largest one for New Zealand.
This study covers the operation of the Agreement and its parts related to rules of origin, opportunities of Lao businesses, how to gain access to the market, and useful contacts and resources.
2013-03-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61073/1/MPRA_paper_61073.pdf
Lord, Montague (2013): Lao PDR Market Access Guide: Trading with ASEAN Dialogue Partners - Australia and New.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:61076
2023-05-19T16:53:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463535
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61076/
Lao PDR Market Access Guide: Trading with ASEAN Dialogue Partners – People’s Republic of China
Lord, Montague
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F55 - International Institutional Arrangements
China is the second most important export destination of Laos, and export growth to that market has far outpaced exports to Thailand, the leading export destination. One of the major drivers of this growth is the comprehensive ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) under which Lao benefits in trade of goods and services and in investment measures.
How Lao Producers and Exporters Benefit from ACFTA:
- ACFTA’s Trade in Goods Agreement has already eliminated tariffs on 90% of its products imported by China. Tariffs on the remaining 10% of imports, classified as sensitive products, are being reduced at a slower pace.
- Without preferential market access, other foreign suppliers to China are subject to an average tariff of over 8%. This high level of protection gives Lao businesses a large competitive advantage over competitors who are not ACFTA members.
- For agricultural products, China’s average tariff is 65% for non-ACFTA member countries. Lao businesses therefore have a huge competitive advantage in agricultural exports over countries that are not part of the Agreement.
- Laos’ proximity to China makes it easier to transport goods to that country than from other ACFTA member countries, especially with the planned development of transport infrastructure between the two countries. Moreover, China’s logistics environment is relatively favorable to trading.
- China is one of the fastest growing markets in Asia. Two-way trade between China and ASEAN increased by nearly 30% in 2011 and is targeted to expand by another 20% by 2015. In the case of the Lao PDR, the trade expansion has been much higher. In the last five years, Lao exports to China have grown by an average of 80% a year and that rapid expansion is expected to continue in the coming years.
This study covers the operation of the Agreement and its parts related to rules of origin, opportunities of Lao businesses, how to gain access to the market, and useful contacts and resources.
2013-03-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61076/1/MPRA_paper_61076.pdf
Lord, Montague (2013): Lao PDR Market Access Guide: Trading with ASEAN Dialogue Partners – People’s Republic of China.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:61077
2023-05-28T02:53:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463535
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61077/
Lao PDR Market Access Guide: Trading with ASEAN Dialogue Partners – India
Lord, Montague
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F55 - International Institutional Arrangements
Laos benefits from the ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement in Goods (AIFTA) by gaining preferential access to the large Indian market. Under the Agreement, India commits to eliminating customs duties on imports for 90% of its tariff lines under two separate lists: one being completed by the end of 2013; the other, by end-of-2016. For products on the sensitive list, India’s tariffs are being reduced to no more than 5% by the end of 2016. For its part, Laos has until 2021 to eliminate tariffs on its normal and sensitive tracks.
How Lao Producers and Exporters Benefit from AIFTA
- Because India’s level of trade protection is over twice as high as in the ASEAN countries, Laos’ ability to bypass high tariffs gives it a particularly strong competitive advantage over non-AIFTA member countries.
- India’s average tariffs on agricultural products is 3.5 times higher than that of the ASEAN countries, making it extremely advantageous for India to buy agricultural products from Laos rather than from non-AIFTA countries.
- India’s logistics environment is relatively favorable to trading. It outperforms the average of other East Asian countries in quality of transport and IT infrastructure, logistics competence of officials, international transport costs, traceability of shipments, and timeliness of shipments. This type of logistics environment helps to facilitate transport of goods from Laos.
- India is one of the fastest growing markets in Asia. The country’s real import growth rate in the last few years has been substantially higher than that of the East Asian economies.
This study covers the operation of the Agreement and its parts related to rules of origin, opportunities of Lao businesses, how to gain access to the market, and useful contacts and resources.
2013-03-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61077/1/MPRA_paper_61077.pdf
Lord, Montague (2013): Lao PDR Market Access Guide: Trading with ASEAN Dialogue Partners – India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:61078
2023-05-23T05:27:03Z
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7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463535
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61078/
Lao PDR Market Access Guide: Trading with ASEAN Dialogue Partners – Japan
Lord, Montague
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F55 - International Institutional Arrangements
The ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (AJCEP) offers duty-free treatment on most of Japan’s imports to Lao producers and exporters. This type of preferential treatment has contributed to the rapid rise of Lao exports to that country – nearly 30% a year in the last decade, making Japan one of Lao PDR’s top 10 export destinations.
How Lao Producers and Exporters Benefit from AJCEP
- As member country of AJCEP, Lao producers and exporters now enjoy duty-free treatment on most of Japan’s imports.
- The Agreement also covers rules of origin; sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures; standards, technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures; trade in services, and investments, and economic cooperation in general in a variety of areas.
- Although Japan’s average level of protection is about the same as that of the ASEAN countries, its average tariff on agricultural products is nearly 30%. This high level of protection for non-AJCEP countries gives Lao producers and exporters a large competitive advantage over those countries.
- Japan ranks among the top 10 countries with the most conducive environment for doing business. In trading across borders it outperforms the average for all other industrialized countries. Japan’s logistics environment is also highly favorable to trading.
- Japan is one of the fastest growing markets in Asia. Two-way trade between Japan and ASEAN represents 15% person of Japan’s total trade, and that share is growing.
This study covers the operation of the Agreement and its parts related to rules of origin, opportunities of Lao businesses, how to gain access to the market, and useful contacts and resources.
2013-03-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61078/1/MPRA_paper_61078.pdf
Lord, Montague (2013): Lao PDR Market Access Guide: Trading with ASEAN Dialogue Partners – Japan.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:61079
2019-09-27T11:08:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463535
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61079/
Lao PDR Market Access Guide: Trading with ASEAN Dialogue Partners – Republic of Korea
Lord, Montague
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F55 - International Institutional Arrangements
Laos benefits from the comprehensive ASEAN-Korea Free Trade Agreement (AKFTA), which in large part has supported the fast growing exports of Laos to Korea. Since Laos became a member of ASEAN in 1997, its exports destined for Korea have increased 10-fold. That expansion is nearly twice as large as Lao exports to all destination and has contributed to Korea being one of its top 10 export destinations.
How Lao Producers and Exporters Benefit from AKFTA
- The AKFTA allows 90% of all products imported into Korea from Laos to enjoy duty-free treatment, and tariffs on the remaining 10% are being lowered to 0% to 10% by 2016. The Agreement also eliminates non-tariff barriers to trade like customs surcharges and import licensing; it facilitates trade in services, particularly communications and shipping between Korea and Laos; and it guarantees equal treatment on investments in Korea by Lao companies.
- Without preferential market access, other foreign suppliers to Korea are subject to an average tariff of over 8%. This high level of protection gives Lao businesses a large competitive advantage over competitors who are not AKFTA members.
- For agricultural products, Korea’s average tariff is 65% for non-AKFTA member countries. Lao businesses therefore have a huge competitive advantage in agricultural exports.
- Korea is among the top countries having a highly conducive environment for doing business. Moreover, Korea’s logistics environment greatly facilitates trade.
- Korea is one of the fastest growing markets in Asia. Two-way trade between Korea and ASEAN increased by nearly 30% in 2011, and is targeted to expand by another 20% by 2015.
This study covers the operation of the Agreement and its parts related to rules of origin, opportunities of Lao businesses, how to gain access to the market, and useful contacts and resources.
2013-03-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61079/1/MPRA_paper_61079.pdf
Lord, Montague (2013): Lao PDR Market Access Guide: Trading with ASEAN Dialogue Partners – Republic of Korea.
en
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