2024-03-29T06:37:40Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27
2019-10-03T16:42:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27/
Equità e criteri di selettività dei beneficiari di edilizia residenziale pubblica in Emilia-Romagna
Tondani, Davide
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
Housing public policies take the form of selective programs. Hence, accesso to the program and computation of the rents are regulated by a means test.
Selectivity should be set ensuring the respect of vertical and horizontal equity trough the beneficiaries.
This research analyses the system of selectivity of the beneficiaries of public houses in the region Emilia-Romagna, in order to verify the adequacy of the current rules in ensuring equity by the use of the italian means test.
Empirical analysis has been carried out by using the database of beneficiaries of public houses of the Province of Parma.
We find that the current rules are not able to ensure horizontal and vertical equity, therefore we propose and simulate a reform of the system of selectivity and computation of the rents.
2006-09-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27/1/MPRA_paper_27.pdf
Tondani, Davide (2006): Equità e criteri di selettività dei beneficiari di edilizia residenziale pubblica in Emilia-Romagna.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9872
2019-10-01T18:41:41Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4830:483030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9872/
Unemployment, Excess Capacity, and Benefit-Cost Investment Criteria
Haveman, Robert
Krutilla, John
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H00 - General
In this paper we present a model designed to relate the detailed occupational and industrial demands imposed on the economy by several types of water resource investment. This detail provides the basis for adjusting the market cost of such public investments under the employment conditions prevailing in the 1957- 1965 period.
1966
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9872/1/MPRA_paper_9872.pdf
Haveman, Robert and Krutilla, John (1966): Unemployment, Excess Capacity, and Benefit-Cost Investment Criteria. Published in: Review of Economics and Statistics , Vol. 3, No. 49 (1967): pp. 382-392.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9876
2019-09-26T13:34:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9876/
Benefit-Cost Analysis: Its Relevance to Public Investment Decisions: Comment
Haveman, Robert
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
This is a critique of the Arthur Maass article on Benefit Cost Analysis.
1967
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9876/1/MPRA_paper_9876.pdf
Haveman, Robert (1967): Benefit-Cost Analysis: Its Relevance to Public Investment Decisions: Comment. Published in: Quarterly Journal of Economics , Vol. 4, No. 81 (1967): pp. 695-699.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11915
2019-09-26T13:21:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483130
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473131
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11915/
Real Options: Applications in Public Economics
Lawrence, Craig
Thomas, Mathew
H10 - General
G11 - Portfolio Choice ; Investment Decisions
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
G10 - General
This paper illustrates the use of real options principles to value prototypical resource and industryinvestment projects. It captures important competitive/strategic dimensions in a step-by-stepanalysis of investment decisions (options) under uncertainty. It compares and contrasts staticdiscounted cash flow analysis (DCF) with real options analysis using three case studies. The initialexample values a resource extraction process using static DCF and then compares the projectvaluation when future information is valued and acted upon. The second example considers a coaldevelopment and uses the binomial valuation approach to capture the option value associated withhaving the right but not the obligation to exit the development. It contrasts this valuation approachagainst static DCF and highlights that future royalty payments could be underestimated if based onthe standard DCF valuation. The third example analyses the impact of providing a subsidy forhybrid vehicle production to accelerate potential uncertain environmental benefits. Lastly, thesuitability of the standard financial and economic evaluation tools used by treasury agencies isconsidered when projects contain real options.
2008-06-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11915/1/MPRA_paper_11915.pdf
Lawrence, Craig and Thomas, Mathew (2008): Real Options: Applications in Public Economics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13336
2019-09-28T19:28:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483231
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13336/
Identifying an Australian 'Shadow' Benefit / Cost Ratio for Public Projects
Lawrence, C
H21 - Efficiency ; Optimal Taxation
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
This paper examines the social opportunity cost of a hypothetical public project in Australia and compares these values with the cost of the project as measured by factor prices. Since 2001, the Australian taxation system has included an ad valorem tax, the Goods and Services Tax, however relatively little analysis of the impact of this tax on public project evaluation methods has been undertaken. This tax creates divergences between social opportunity cost and conventional cost measures. Therefore it is recommended that shadow prices be applied to pubic projects. Following Campbell (1975), a shadow price can be introduced into Australian project evaluation in the form of a cut-off benefit cost ratio. The calculations reported on in the paper indicate that this ratio lies between 1 and 1.3 for public projects in Australia.
2009-02-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13336/1/MPRA_paper_13336.pdf
Lawrence, C (2009): Identifying an Australian 'Shadow' Benefit / Cost Ratio for Public Projects.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13481
2019-10-07T16:34:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483231
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13481/
Identifying an Australian ‘Shadow’ Benefit / Cost Ratio for Public Projects
Lawrence, Craig
H21 - Efficiency ; Optimal Taxation
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
This paper examines the social opportunity cost of a hypothetical public project in Australia and compares these values with the cost of the project as measured by factor prices. Since 2001, the Australian taxation system has included an ad valorem tax, the Goods and Services Tax, however relatively little analysis of the impact of this tax on public project evaluation methods has been undertaken. This tax creates divergences between social opportunity cost and conventional cost measures. Therefore it is recommended that shadow prices be applied to pubic projects. Following Campbell (1975), a shadow price can be introduced into Australian project evaluation in the form of a cut-off benefit cost ratio. The calculations reported on in the paper indicate that this ratio lies between 1 and 1.3 for public projects in Australia.
2009-02-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13481/1/MPRA_paper_13481.pdf
Lawrence, Craig (2009): Identifying an Australian ‘Shadow’ Benefit / Cost Ratio for Public Projects.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14794
2019-10-04T17:06:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443632
7375626A656374733D48:4830
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483731
7375626A656374733D52:5233:523333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14794/
Iowa’s Historic Preservation and Cultural and Entertainment District Tax Credit Program Evaluation Study
Jin, Zhong
Michael, Lipsman
D62 - Externalities
H0 - General
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
Executive Summary: Iowa introduced the Historic Preservation and Cultural and Entertainment District (HPCED) Tax Credit Program in 2000. The program allows property owners or developers to claim tax credits equal to 25 percent of qualified rehabilitation costs for eligible historic properties in Iowa. In tax year 2002, the tax credit was made transferable and refundable at a discounted amount. In tax year 2005, the cap of the tax credit was increased to $6.5 million per year. In tax year 2007, the cap of the tax credit was increased to $10 million for fiscal year 2008, $15 million for fiscal year 2009, and $20 million for fiscal year 2010 and subsequent years. In addition, the tax credit was made fully refundable in 2007. The major findings of the study are:...
2009-03-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14794/1/MPRA_paper_14794.pdf
Jin, Zhong and Michael, Lipsman (2009): Iowa’s Historic Preservation and Cultural and Entertainment District Tax Credit Program Evaluation Study.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14795
2019-09-30T17:14:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523530
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513131
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483235
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14795/
Iowa’s Tax Incentive Programs Used by Biofuel Producers Tax Credits Program Evaluation Study
Jin, Zhong
Teahan, Brittany
E62 - Fiscal Policy
R50 - General
Q48 - Government Policy
Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis ; Prices
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
Executive Summary: Iowa offers several tax incentive programs that have been utilized by biofuel producers. The tax credit programs include the Enterprise Zone Program (EZ), the New Jobs and Income Program (NJIP), the New Capital Investment Program (NCIP), and the High Quality Job Creation Program (HQJCP). The NJIP and NCIP were replaced by HQJCP on July 1, 2005, but claims under NJIP and NCIP contracts can still be made. The EZ, NJIP, and HQJCP allow biofuel producers to claim a ten percent Investment Tax Credit. The NCIP provides a five percent Investment Tax Credit. All four programs offer a sales and use tax refund and a supplemental Research Activities Tax Credit. The EZ and NJIP also provide a supplemental Iowa Industrial New Job Training Program (260E) withholding tax credit. All four programs were not established specifically to support the biofuel industry but rather to help the State of Iowa promote general business investments. The major findings of the study are:...
2009-03-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14795/1/MPRA_paper_14795.pdf
Jin, Zhong and Teahan, Brittany (2009): Iowa’s Tax Incentive Programs Used by Biofuel Producers Tax Credits Program Evaluation Study.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15146
2019-10-06T04:22:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503437
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15146/
Speaking the Same Language within the International Organizations; A Proposal for an Enhanced Evaluation Approach to Measure and Compare Success of International Organizations
Farmanesh, Amir
Ortiz Bobea, Ariel
Sarwar, Jisha
Hasegawa, Tamiko
P47 - Performance and Prospects
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
L31 - Nonprofit Institutions ; NGOs ; Social Entrepreneurship
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
It is currently difficult for Member States to assess and compare the success or performance of UN organizations despite recent movements towards results-based approaches. Efforts in the implementation of logical frameworks have been too independent and uncoordinated and left at the discretion of agencies. This has led to different and deficient implementations of the same theoretical approach making it almost impossible to draw any conclusions. The lack of a common approach is perceptible across agencies in the diversity of evaluation standards and terminology used to describe the same concepts, the unevenness and diversity of staff training as well as in the way intentions and results are presented. The myriad of organizations with some different sort of evaluation role may be seen as an additional symptom of the lack of coordination within the UN system.
The establishment of a useful and reliable evaluation process in the UN system requires three main elements:
1- a common and enhanced evaluation framework,
2- the human and organizational capacity to ensure the accurate implementation of the framework, and
3- the commitment of Member States and agencies to implement the approach.
This report mainly discusses the common evaluation framework and methodological issues, although it also provides significant insight regarding how to build the human and organizational capacity of the UN to carry out this approach.
Assessing the success of an organization entails the determination of three elements: mandate or mission relevance, effectiveness, and efficiency. The report provides insight into these three components of success but its primary focus is on effectiveness. Measuring effectiveness entails establishing precise targets to be reached by agencies and collecting actual results in order to assess if intended targets are being met. Indeed, assessing effectiveness encompasses comparing intentions (provided by targets) to actual achievements (collected through monitoring). The UN Secretariat itself does not provide targets to be met by the organization. Additionally, it over-emphasizes outputs (output implementation rates) and disregards the “big picture” provided by outcomes.
Under the proposed approach, subprograms meeting most of their targets are the most effective. Programs (agencies) with a large share of effective subprograms (programs) may be considered effective themselves. As a way to simplify and give an intuitive sense of effectiveness, subprograms could be attributed a category or color following a “traffic light” methodology (green for satisfactory, amber for average, red for below expectations) according to the share of targets satisfactorily met. The same could be done for programs according to their share of satisfactory subprograms. Program and subprogram performance data of every agency could be centralized (by a coordinating body) in a comprehensive webpage that would facilitate comparison between similar functions or themes across the UN system [Please refer to pg. 27 for an elaborate illustration].
The report also suggests the possibility of complementing this objective approach with a perception survey. Despite significant limitations of this type of subjective approach, it is still widely used and gives an idea of which organizations are best regarded by their peers. Contrasting actual performance data and perception indicators could be revealing, and could shed light in areas where the objective methodology may fall short.
One of the most important recommendations concerns the organizational capacity ensuring the accurate implementation of the evaluation approach. This capacity should be embodied by a centralizing coordinating body (perhaps under the CEB) that would
1-ensure a common evaluation training and support of UN staff and uniformity of standards (terminology, methods, etc.),
2- centralize performance data gathered from agencies in a common database and present results in a user-friendly manner where programs and agencies could be compared and
3- verify the validity of the data submitted by the agencies (performance auditing).
2006-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15146/1/MPRA_paper_15146.pdf
Farmanesh, Amir and Ortiz Bobea, Ariel and Sarwar, Jisha and Hasegawa, Tamiko (2006): Speaking the Same Language within the International Organizations; A Proposal for an Enhanced Evaluation Approach to Measure and Compare Success of International Organizations.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19539
2019-09-28T07:54:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19539/
The Indigenous Heterogeneity of Oportunidades: Ample or Insufficient Human Capital Accumulation?
Quiñones, Esteban J.
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
C01 - Econometrics
Indigenous groups account for over one tenth of Mexico’s population and many of them suffer from constant social disadvantages and extreme marginalization. One of their few paths out of poverty is through the accumulation of human capital, which is a central element of Oportunidades’ strategy to ameliorate trans-generational poverty. This study finds that the positive impacts of Oportunidades on enrollment for the general population are no different for indigenous households. In addition, it finds that Oportunidades impacts on repeat and illness rates are consistently marginal. Thus, it is argued that unless tailored investment in indigenous human capital accumulation and complimentary alternatives are intensified to close the existing indigenous marginalization gaps, indigenous Mexicans will remain in profound and persistent poverty due to the unique and overwhelming obstacles they face.
2006-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19539/1/MPRA_paper_19539.pdf
Quiñones, Esteban J. (2006): The Indigenous Heterogeneity of Oportunidades: Ample or Insufficient Human Capital Accumulation?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19928
2019-09-26T23:16:47Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443632
7375626A656374733D48:4830
7375626A656374733D41:4131
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513531
7375626A656374733D41:4132
7375626A656374733D48:4834
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483432
7375626A656374733D51:5135
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433932
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443031
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19928/
A note on the valuation of collective goods: overlooked input market free riding for non-individually incrementable goods
Graves, Philip E.
D62 - Externalities
H0 - General
A1 - General Economics
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
A2 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
Q5 - Environmental Economics
C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
Q58 - Government Policy
For at least fifty years economists have argued that vertically-aggregated marginal willingness to pay, when set equal to marginal provision cost, will result in optimal public good provision levels. This methodological approach would be expected to yield an exact analog, in terms of optimal levels of public good provision, to efficient provision of private goods in a perfect market setting.
There is, however, a potentially serious flaw in the approach as actually practiced, since initial incomes
are implicitly–and wrongly–taken to be optimal. From a given income, the output demand revelation problem has long been recognized–that there will be difficulty inferring true demands for public goods at that income (the traditional ‘free rider’ problem). But what has failed to receive widespread recognition among theoreticians, and especially among practitioners, is that there will also be a concomitant ‘input demand revelation’ problem. In any situation where workers cannot individually increment a class of goods by increasing their income (e.g. public goods), they will have no incentive to generate the income that would have been devoted to that class of goods.
They will only generate income that is optimal to pay the higher taxes or prices associated with whatever initial public goods levels are provided. As a consequence, the benefit-cost practitioner will, even if somehow able to accurately guess marginal willingness-to-pay out of current income, observe only one apparent optima. There are an infinite number of such optima, one for each level of free riding in input markets, where aggregated marginal willingness-to-pay will appear to equal marginal provision cost. The one true Samuelson ‘optimum optimorum’ occurs when there is free riding in neither output nor input markets (that is, when the ‘full’ demand revelation problem
is solved). As a consequence, pure public goods, as well as other ‘non-incrementable’ goods and goods for which non-use values are of importance will be undervalued, hence under-provided. Evidence is presented that the problem raised here might be of importance, undermining the practical
significance of the Coase theorem vis-a-vis Pigouvian taxation.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19928/2/MPRA_paper_19928.pdf
Graves, Philip E. (2009): A note on the valuation of collective goods: overlooked input market free riding for non-individually incrementable goods. Published in: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy: , Vol. 9, No. 1 : pp. 1-17.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20878
2019-10-01T03:21:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433331
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20878/
Program evaluation of agricultural input subsidies in Malawi using treatment effects: Methods and practicability based on propensity scores
Chirwa, Themba G.
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
C31 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions ; Social Interaction Models
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
Several evaluations have been conducted to assess the impact of agricultural input subsidies in Malawi but have been mostly either descriptive or qualitatively inferred of the intervention impacts on the overall goal of the subsidy program. In most studies cited in this paper their approaches do not control for misspecification errors that might arise due to selection bias. One common erroneous approach is the lack of controlling for treatment effects. In this study we employ quasi-experimental econometric techniques using propensity scores to control for selection bias by creating control groups for those individuals that benefit from agricultural input subsidies. The study utilizes raw household data from two surveys conducted through the Malawi National Statistical Office in 2004/05 and 2006/07 production seasons. A household model for each dataset is estimated together with Average Treatment Effects on the Treated to assess the impact of targeted fertilizer input subsidies in 2004/05 and a refined program adopted in 2006/07 production periods. The evidence suggest that the starter pack or targeted input program implemented before 2004/05 focusing on one tenth of a hectare had a significant negative impact on household food expenditures compared to the refined program in 2006/07 that targeted about half a hectare for marginalized smallholder farmers. The latter, though portraying mostly insignificant results, showed positive impacts on household food expenditures. The approach adopted also proposes ways in which policy makers can effectively and independently evaluate the impact of public programs on social and economic welfare.
2010-02-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20878/1/MPRA_paper_20878.pdf
Chirwa, Themba G. (2010): Program evaluation of agricultural input subsidies in Malawi using treatment effects: Methods and practicability based on propensity scores.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21236
2019-09-28T04:30:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433331
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21236/
Program evaluation of agricultural input subsidies in Malawi using treatment effects: methods and practicability based on propensity scores
Chirwa, Themba G.
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
C31 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions ; Social Interaction Models
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
The study evaluates the impact of two agricultural input subsidies in Malawi during the 2003/04 and 2006/07 production periods on household income. The study employs quasi-experimental econometric techniques that use propensity score matching to control for selection bias on beneficiaries. A household model for each dataset is estimated together with Average Treatment Effects on the Treated. The evidence suggest that the matching mechanism performs well in evaluating the impact of the starter pack program which had a significant negative impact on household income compared to the refined agricultural input subsidy program which showed significant positive impacts on household income.
2010-02-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21236/1/MPRA_paper_21236.pdf
Chirwa, Themba G. (2010): Program evaluation of agricultural input subsidies in Malawi using treatment effects: methods and practicability based on propensity scores.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22063
2019-10-05T16:44:04Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433532
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433637
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22063/
On The Use and Misuse of Input-Output Based Impact Analysis in Evaluation
Grady, Patrick
Muller, R. Andrew
C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
C67 - Input-Output Models
Estimates of economic activity generated and jobs created that are derived using input-output analysis are often presented in program evaluations and confused with the benefits resultin g from die program. Two such cases are presented as examples. We argue that for two main reasons this type of analysis con stitutes a misuse of input-output analysis. First, input-output estimates generated using the Keynesian closed versions of input-output models are biased upwards because they ignore the price and financial feedbacks that tend to reduce multipliers in macro-economic models. Second, and more important, it is inappropria te to consider induced effects resulting from a particular program in isolation, because such effects can only be properly considered in the aggr egate at th e level
of overall stabilization policy. In this paper we contend that cost-benefit analysis, with its assumption of full
employment, is the most appropriate tool for analyzing the benefits resulting from particular programs. Input-output
analysis should be confin ed to providing estimates of die industr ial or regional breakdown of the direct
impact of a program or of the employment impacts of program spending. It should not be used to generate
Keynesian multipliers.
1986-05-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22063/1/MPRA_paper_22063.pdf
Grady, Patrick and Muller, R. Andrew (1986): On The Use and Misuse of Input-Output Based Impact Analysis in Evaluation. Published in: The Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation , Vol. 3, No. 2 (1988): pp. 49-61.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24950
2019-10-05T06:41:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433333
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433231
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24950/
Medium and Long-Term Participation in Microcredit: An Evaluation Using a New Panel Dataset from Bangladesh
Islam, Asadul
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
C33 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions
G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages
The objective of this paper is to estimate the impacts of medium- and long-term participation in microcredit programs. It utilises a new and large panel dataset collected from treatment and control households from 1997 to 2005. The data enables us to identify continuing participants in the program as well as newcomers and leavers. We employ different estimation strategies including triple-difference and propensity score matching methods to control for selection bias. The impact estimates indicate that the benefits from microcredit vary more than proportionately with the duration of participation in a program. Larger benefits are realized from longer-term participation, and that the benefits continue to accrue beyond departure from the program. The findings indicate the need to observe longer periods of participation to provide a reliable basis for assessing the effectiveness of microcredit lending.
2010-04-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24950/1/MPRA_paper_24950.pdf
Islam, Asadul (2010): Medium and Long-Term Participation in Microcredit: An Evaluation Using a New Panel Dataset from Bangladesh.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24974
2019-10-01T04:48:38Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24974/
Recenti evoluzioni nella valutazione degli interventi di cooperazione allo sviluppo
Pisani, Elena
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
O22 - Project Analysis
The paper presents a discussion over various evaluation approaches and criteria in the field of Development Co-operation by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and by International Organizations such as FAO, IFAD and the European Commission (Europe-aid). At the beginning the analysis considers the evolution of planning models based on resources supply (human, financial and material), and successively the paper focuses on models much more concerning the sustainable achievement of objectives and results, by means of participative approaches. Specific problems on the evaluation of development co-operation initiatives are presented; conclusions assess the necessities of a systematic utilization of the methods for the economic evaluation of investments which, at present, seem to be underemployed, especially by the Italian Development Co-operation.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24974/1/MPRA_paper_24974.pdf
Pisani, Elena (2009): Recenti evoluzioni nella valutazione degli interventi di cooperazione allo sviluppo. Published in: Rassegna italiana di valutazione - RIV , Vol. 43-44, No. 2009 (2009)
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25627
2019-10-01T19:41:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25627/
Assessing the Impact of Poverty Reduction Programs in Vietnam
Nguyen Viet, Cuong
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
This paper aims to examine the poverty targeting and impacts of three poverty reeducation programs including programs ‘exemption of educational fees’, ‘provision with health care insurance’, and ‘micro-credit for the poor’ in Vietnam. It is found that the three programs have reached the poor quite well as compared to the international standard. The poor account for around 70 percent of participants in these programs. However the coverage of the programs over the poor is rather low, from 5 percent for the credit program to 11 percent for the health insurance program. There is no impact of the programs found on expenditure per capita, since it might take a long time for the programs to have large effects on income and expenditure. On average, households who were provided with preferential credit are more likely to have a pig, cow, buffalo, horse than other households.
2003-12-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25627/1/MPRA_paper_25627.pdf
Nguyen Viet, Cuong (2003): Assessing the Impact of Poverty Reduction Programs in Vietnam.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27326
2019-10-02T17:04:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27326/
The Time Value of Carbon and Carbon Storage: Clarifying the terms and the policy implications of the debate
Marshall, Liz
Kelly, Alexia
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
D60 - General
The question of whether there is any value to the temporary storage of carbon is fundamental to climate policy design across a number of arenas, including physical carbon discounting in greenhouse gas accounting, the relative value of temporary carbon offsets, and the value of other carbon mitigation efforts that are known to be impermanent, including deferred deforestation. Quantifying the value of temporary carbon storage depends on a number of assumptions about how the incremental impact (or social cost) of a given ton of carbon emissions is expected to change over time. In 2009, a U.S. government interagency working group was established and assigned the responsibility of calculating social cost of carbon estimates to be used in benefit/cost analysis of regulations impacting carbon dioxide emissions. Those estimates were released in March 2010. This working paper explores what those estimates imply about the value of temporary carbon storage, as well as the implications of those temporary storage values for several critical policy design questions relating to greenhouse gas accounting and biological offsets. This analysis suggests, for instance, that appropriate physical carbon discount rates for carbon accounting may be even lower than the social discount rates often used in intergenerational analyses. In the context of agricultural offsets, the social cost of carbon estimates are used to establish a definition of equivalence between permanent and temporary offsets; equivalence ratios are derived that vary between ~2 and 30, depending on the discount rate used and the length of the temporary offset contract period.
2010-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27326/1/MPRA_paper_27326.pdf
Marshall, Liz and Kelly, Alexia (2010): The Time Value of Carbon and Carbon Storage: Clarifying the terms and the policy implications of the debate.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28518
2019-09-28T06:53:05Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28518/
El desempeño de los estudiantes de secundaria en los colegios de Fe y Alegría en Colombia: una cuestión de Fe y/o Alegría?
Parra Osorio, Juan Carlos
Wodon, Quentin
I20 - General
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
L31 - Nonprofit Institutions ; NGOs ; Social Entrepreneurship
Fe y Alegría is a catholic network of schools that started operations in Colombia in 1971, and in 2009 served more than 72,000 students in 61 schools. This paper assesses the performance of Fe y Alegría secondary schools in Colombia using test scores for Spanish and mathematics, as well as detailed information on the characteristics of the household to which students belong. Simple statistics suggest that Fe y Alegría schools perform worse than other schools for all years in the sample. However, Fe y Alegría schools also cater to poorer students who come from disadvantaged backgrounds. Once controls are included for student background, Fe y Alegría schools actually often perform as well and in some cases better than other schools for mathematics and Spanish, thus partially reversing the previous finding.
2011-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28518/1/MPRA_paper_28518.pdf
Parra Osorio, Juan Carlos and Wodon, Quentin (2011): El desempeño de los estudiantes de secundaria en los colegios de Fe y Alegría en Colombia: una cuestión de Fe y/o Alegría? Published in: Escuelas religiosas en América Latina: estudios de caso sobre Fe y Alegría, World Bank, Washington DC (edited by Juan Carlos Parra Osorio and Quentin Wodon) (February 2011)
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31546
2019-09-28T10:25:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493233
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493238
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31546/
Promoting scientific faculties: does it work? Evidence from Italy
Maestri, Virginia
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
I23 - Higher Education ; Research Institutions
I28 - Government Policy
The object of this article is to assess the causal impact of promotions policies on students' choice of the field of study.
We match the records of the students enrolled in two large universities with the records of the participating schools. Within the participating schools, some students took part in the program, while others did not. We adopted an "exposure" approach in which we define as treated all students of a cohort that were eligible for these activities.
We find, on average, a positive and significant effect of the policy on targeted and non-targeted scientific bachelor's degrees and positive cross-treatment effects across subjects. However, if the policy has a considerable influence on male students' choices, it does not appear to have any effect on female students' choices.
These findings suggest that the policy helped students in correcting their labor market expectations for graduating in science.
2009-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31546/1/MPRA_paper_31546.pdf
Maestri, Virginia (2009): Promoting scientific faculties: does it work? Evidence from Italy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34096
2019-09-27T16:35:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3932
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3232
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34096/
Оценка эффективности транспортных проектов: опыт и проблемы
Gluschenko, Konstantin
L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
O22 - Project Analysis
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
This article considers approaches, prevalent in the world, to appraisal of large-scale investment projects aimed at construction of transport systems. The approaches are classed as microeco-nomic evaluation, multi-criteria evaluation, and macroeconomic evaluation. Problems of appli-cability of specific propositions of these approaches to the Russian reality are discussed.
2011-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34096/1/MPRA_paper_34096.pdf
Gluschenko, Konstantin (2011): Оценка эффективности транспортных проектов: опыт и проблемы.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36377
2019-09-27T20:40:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36377/
Selection of Control Variables in Propensity Score Matching: Evidence from a Simulation Study
Nguyen Viet, Cuong
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
Propensity score matching is a widely-used method to measure the effect of a treatment in social as well as health sciences. An important issue in propensity score matching is how to select conditioning variables in estimation of the propensity score. It is commonly mentioned that only variables which affect both program participation and outcomes are selected. Using Monte Carlo simulation, this paper shows that efficiency in estimation of the Average Treatment Effect on the Treated can be gained if all the available observed variables in the outcome equation are included in the estimation of the propensity score.
2012-02-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36377/1/MPRA_paper_36377.pdf
Nguyen Viet, Cuong (2012): Selection of Control Variables in Propensity Score Matching: Evidence from a Simulation Study.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36552
2019-10-06T15:08:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473232
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36552/
The Impact of Health Insurance for Children: Evidence from Vietnam
Nguyen Viet, Cuong
G22 - Insurance ; Insurance Companies ; Actuarial Studies
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
I10 - General
Although there are numerous studies on impact evaluation of overall health insurance, little is known on the impact of health insurance on health care utilization and out-of-pocket health care spending of children, especially in developing countries. This paper measures the impact of child health insurance on health care utilization and spending of children from 6 to 14 years old in Vietnam using two recent nationally representative surveys. Unlike previous empirical studies which found a positive effect of health insurance on health care utilization in Vietnam, we did not find a statistically significant effect of school health insurance as well as free health insurance for children on outpatient health care contacts. However, the school health insurance and free health insurance help the insured children decrease out-of-pocket spending per outpatient contact by around 14 and 26 percent, respectively.
2011-06-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36552/1/MPRA_paper_36552.pdf
Nguyen Viet, Cuong (2011): The Impact of Health Insurance for Children: Evidence from Vietnam.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36756
2019-09-26T15:27:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36756/
A Matching Method with Panel Data
Nguyen Viet, Cuong
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions
Difference-in-differences with matching is a popular method to measure the impact of an intervention in health as well as social sciences. This method requires baseline data, i.e., data before interventions, which are not always available in reality. Instead, panel data with two time periods are often collected after interventions begin. In this paper, a simple matching method is proposed to measure impact of an intervention using two-period panel data after the intervention.
2010-04-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36756/1/MPRA_paper_36756.pdf
Nguyen Viet, Cuong (2010): A Matching Method with Panel Data. Published in: Statistics in Medicine , Vol. 32, (15 February 2012): pp. 577-588.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37573
2019-09-26T09:25:32Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3338
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3538
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443830
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37573/
Le calcul de la valeur statistique d'une vie humaine
Dionne, Georges
Lebeau, Martin
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
J38 - Public Policy
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
J58 - Public Policy
D80 - General
Our society faces many risks that affect human life. Cost-benefit analysis is a very popular project-evaluation tool for reducing these social risks. The government has to
set projects or regulations whose benefits will outweigh costs. It is quite easy to evaluate costs but how to evaluate the benefits linked to protecting human life? Since the 1970s, many values of life have been estimated with different methods. The wide variability of the
results range from 0,5 million up to 50 million ($US, 2000). The main goal of this study is to analyze the source of this variability in results. We also want to determine a reasonable value for public decision making.
2010-11-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37573/2/MPRA_paper_37573.pdf
Dionne, Georges and Lebeau, Martin (2010): Le calcul de la valeur statistique d'une vie humaine. Published in: L'Actualité économique , Vol. 86, No. 4 (1 December 2010): pp. 487-530.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37758
2019-09-30T16:50:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37758/
Measuring the impacts of the national flood insurance program
Howard II., James P.
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
The National Flood Insurance Program was established in 1968 as a federally administered insurance program to reduce costs to the federal government for flood recovery and allocate recovery costs among potential disaster relief beneficiaries. Participants purchase flood insurance through participating property insurance providers which receive a haircut of the premium for overhead costs and passes the remainder to the Federal Emergency Management Agency. This paper outlines a model to measure the net social benefits attributable to the insurance component of the NFIP. Development of this model provides the baseline for further economic and social analysis of the NFIP.
2012-03-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37758/1/MPRA_paper_37758.pdf
Howard II., James P. (2012): Measuring the impacts of the national flood insurance program.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38428
2019-10-12T04:51:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38428/
Implications of declining discount rates: Climate Change Policy in the UK
Groom, Ben
Hepburn, Cameron
Koundouri, Phoebe
Pearce, David
Q5 - Environmental Economics
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Discussions about applied Cost Benefit Analysis are incomplete without the thorny issue of discounting emerging at some point. Indeed, since the calculation of Net Present Values (NPV), and hence the efficiency of a project or policy, hinges so crucially upon the level of the discount rate applied across time, the analysis of time preference and discounting has become an active area of research in its own right. Nowhere is this debate more hotly contended that when CBA is used to evaluate projects with impacts that extend into the far distant future such as biodiversity conservation, nuclear power and, of course, climate change. This chapter aims to review some of the more recent contributions to this debate and in particular, the theory
that underpins recent calls for the use of declining discount rates (DDRs). We then discuss how a schedule of DDRs can be estimated and illustrate their impact upon two topical policy questions: climate change and nuclear power.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38428/1/MPRA_paper_38428.pdf
Groom, Ben and Hepburn, Cameron and Koundouri, Phoebe and Pearce, David (2007): Implications of declining discount rates: Climate Change Policy in the UK. Published in: Environmental Valuation in Developed Countries: Case Studies (2007)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38856
2019-09-30T11:47:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D49:4931
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493134
7375626A656374733D49:4933
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38856/
The Impact of Health Card Program on Access to Reproductive Health Services: An Indonesian Experience
Landiyanto, Erlangga Agustino
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
I1 - Health
I14 - Health and Inequality
I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
Health card program aims to protect the poor in Indonesia during the Asian economic crisis. Health cards were targeted and allocated exclusively to the poor that would provide free access to public health services. The impact of health card program to reproductive health services was rarely discussed by previous studies that pay more attention on health card utilization for both inpatient and outpatient. Using Indonesian family life survey (IFLS) data 1997-2000 from RAND Corporation, this study aims to evaluate the impact of health card program during Asian economic crisis on access to reproductive health services and answer the question whether who had health card really have better access to reproductive health services. Discussion in this paper limit on antenatal care, place of delivery and contraceptive use which are only reproductive health components that covered by health card program. Using combination between descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis, this study found that the health cards were not well targeted and distributed. The study also
found that, generally, there is no significant effect of health card ownership to access to reproductive health services.
2009-08-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38856/1/MPRA_paper_38847.pdf
Landiyanto, Erlangga Agustino (2009): The Impact of Health Card Program on Access to Reproductive Health Services: An Indonesian Experience.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:40188
2019-09-27T16:56:30Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473331
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40188/
An attempt to define the discount rate in the light of the type of investment project
Foltyn-Zarychta, Monika
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
G31 - Capital Budgeting ; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies ; Capacity
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
The problem of estimating the discount rate level is a crucial issue in investment project appraisal procedure. The discount rate is strongly determined by the type of investment that sets the scope of decision criteria. The need to apply financial efficiency, economic efficiency or justice criterion impose the frames for theoretically correct measure of the discount rate.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40188/1/MPRA_paper_40188.pdf
Foltyn-Zarychta, Monika (2010): An attempt to define the discount rate in the light of the type of investment project. Published in: European Financial Systems No. 2010 (2010): pp. 17-21.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:42041
2019-10-01T02:19:23Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42041/
Implications of declining discount rates: Climate Change Policy in the UK
Groom, Ben
Koundouri, Phoebe
Q5 - Environmental Economics
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Discussions about applied Cost Benefit Analysis are incomplete without the thorny issue of discounting emerging at some point. Indeed, since the calculation of Net Present Values (NPV), and hence the efficiency of a project or policy, hinges so crucially upon the level of the discount rate applied across time, the analysis of time preference and discounting has become an active area of research in its own right. Nowhere is this debate more hotly contended that when CBA is used to evaluate projects with impacts that extend into the far distant future such as biodiversity conservation, nuclear power and, of course, climate change. This chapter aims to review some of the more recent contributions to this debate and in particular, the theory
that underpins recent calls for the use of declining discount rates (DDRs). We then discuss how a schedule of DDRs can be estimated and illustrate their impact upon two topical policy questions: climate change and nuclear power.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42041/1/MPRA_paper_42041.pdf
Groom, Ben and Koundouri, Phoebe (2007): Implications of declining discount rates: Climate Change Policy in the UK. Published in: Environmental Valuation in Developed Countries: Case Studies (2007)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44483
2019-09-27T16:41:30Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44483/
The average treatment effect and average partial effect in nonlinear models
Nguyen Viet, Cuong
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
In the literature on program impact evaluation, the popular impact parameters can the average treatment effect, the average treatment effect on the treated, the average partial effect, and the average partial effect on the treated. In empirical studies, these parameters are not always presented and estimated clearly. In addition, when outcome functions are nonlinear, the estimation of these parameters is not straightforward. This paper discusses the estimation of these parameters in nonlinear models of outcomes and illustrates the estimation in an example of a micro-credit program in Vietnam.
2007-03-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44483/1/MPRA_paper_44483.pdf
Nguyen Viet, Cuong (2007): The average treatment effect and average partial effect in nonlinear models. Published in: Economics Bulletin , Vol. 15, No. 15 (2008): pp. 1-13.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45845
2019-09-27T02:37:15Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493238
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3335
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45845/
Impact of Alternative & Innovative Education Programmes: A Study of Bridge Course Centres in Bardhaman District
Hati, Koushik Kumar
Majumder, Rajarshi
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
I20 - General
I21 - Analysis of Education
I28 - Government Policy
N35 - Asia including Middle East
Education is the basic requirement and the ‘Fundamental Right’ of the citizens of a nation. Elementary Education system also serves as the base over which the super-structure of the whole knowledge system is built up. This calls for bringing all children under coverage of Elementary Education, which sadly has not been possible yet in India. Policy makers have responded through various programs – two latest examples of which are the Sarva Shikhsa Mission and the Right to Education Bill. The former have been hailed as a successful instrument to remove all ills plaguing the elementary education system in India through some of its alternative, innovative, and flexible programs. In this paper we examine the performance of one of the Flagship programme under SSA – the Bridge Course Centres – in selected areas of West Bengal to evaluate its performance, identify the shortcomings, and suggest some steps for improving them. This is extremely important as the SSA is now being extended to Madhyamik Shikhsa Mission and mistakes of the former should not be repeated in the latter.
2009-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45845/1/MPRA_paper_45845.pdf
Hati, Koushik Kumar and Majumder, Rajarshi (2009): Impact of Alternative & Innovative Education Programmes: A Study of Bridge Course Centres in Bardhaman District. Published in: Journal of Educational Planning and Administration , Vol. XXV, No. 3 (July 2011)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49558
2019-10-03T20:25:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4232
7375626A656374733D42:4233:423331
7375626A656374733D42:4233:423332
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
7375626A656374733D48:4834
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49558/
Ronald Coase 1910-2013, In memoriam
Fernando, Estrada
B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925
B31 - Individuals
B32 - Obituaries
B41 - Economic Methodology
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
L24 - Contracting Out ; Joint Ventures ; Technology Licensing
L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy
N4 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation
This paper relates to the implications of transaction costs in Ronald Coase. The economics of transaction costs (TCE) is a first-order theoretical framework for understanding both the constraints to the development of the company to warn gaps in current public policy developments with important implications. Finally it provides observations of public policy aimed at correcting deviations of government experience.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49558/1/MPRA_paper_49558.pdf
Fernando, Estrada (2013): Ronald Coase 1910-2013, In memoriam.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49681
2019-09-27T16:37:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4232
7375626A656374733D42:4233:423331
7375626A656374733D42:4233:423332
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
7375626A656374733D48:4834
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49681/
Ronald Coase 1910-2013, In memoriam
Estrada, Fernando
B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925
B31 - Individuals
B32 - Obituaries
B41 - Economic Methodology
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
L24 - Contracting Out ; Joint Ventures ; Technology Licensing
L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy
N4 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation
This paper relates to the implications of transaction costs in Ronald Coase. The economics of transaction costs (TCE) is a first-order theoretical framework for understanding both the constraints to the development of the company to warn gaps in current public policy developments with important implications. Finally it provides observations of public policy aimed at correcting deviations of government experience.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49681/1/MPRA_paper_49558.pdf
Estrada, Fernando (2013): Ronald Coase 1910-2013, In memoriam.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49744
2019-10-03T22:00:17Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D48:4834
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32
7375626A656374733D52:5234
7375626A656374733D52:5234:523432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49744/
Cost overruns and demand shortfalls – deception or selection?
Eliasson, Jonas
Fosgerau, Mogens
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
R4 - Transportation Economics
R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis ; Road Maintenance ; Transportation Planning
A number of highly cited papers by Flyvbjerg and associates have shown that ex ante infrastructure appraisals tend to be overly optimistic. Ex post evaluations indicate a bias where investment costs are higher and benefits lower on average than predicted ex ante. These authors argue that the bias must be attributed to intentional misrepresentation by project developers. This paper shows that the bias may arise simply as a selection bias, without there being any bias at all in predictions ex ante, and that such a bias is bound to arise whenever ex ante predictions are related to the decisions whether to implement projects. Using a database of projects we present examples indicating that the selection bias may be substantial. The examples also indicate that benefit-cost ratios remains a useful selection criterion even when cost and benefits are highly uncertain, gainsaying the argument that such uncertainties render cost-benefit analyses useless.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49744/2/MPRA_paper_49744.pdf
Eliasson, Jonas and Fosgerau, Mogens (2013): Cost overruns and demand shortfalls – deception or selection? Forthcoming in: Transportation Research Part B
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:50689
2019-09-27T03:37:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D49:4933
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50689/
Do the Poorest Ethnic Minorities Benefit from a Large-Scale Poverty Reduction Program? Evidence from Vietnam
Nguyen, Cuong
Phung, Tung
Westbrook, Daniel
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
O1 - Economic Development
O10 - General
To increase the opportunities for poor ethnic minorities to benefit from economic growth the government of Vietnam implemented one of the biggest poverty reduction programs entitled ‘Socio-economic Development for the Communes Facing Greatest Hardships in the Ethnic Minority and Mountainous Areas’ during 2006 - 2010. This paper estimates the program’s impacts on households in the project areas. We find that the program had positive impacts on several important outcomes of the ethnic minority households, including productive asset ownership, household durables ownership, and rice productivity. Positive impacts were also recorded for agricultural income, household total income, and household per-capita income. A particularly important result is that poverty among minority households in treatment communes declined significantly more than it declined in comparison communes. Finally, ethnic minority households enjoyed a reduction in travel time to health facilities, relative to households in control communes.
2013-06-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50689/1/MPRA_paper_50689.pdf
Nguyen, Cuong and Phung, Tung and Westbrook, Daniel (2013): Do the Poorest Ethnic Minorities Benefit from a Large-Scale Poverty Reduction Program? Evidence from Vietnam.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51392
2019-09-27T14:37:24Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433530
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51392/
Improved Targeting of Social Programs: An Application to a State Job Coaching Program for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities
McInnes, Melayne
Ozturk, Orgul
McDermott, Suzanne
Mann, Joshua
C50 - General
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
In a climate of flat or shrinking budgets, can programs reallocate existing resources to improve efficiency? We illustrate the potential for gains from redirecting resources using data from a state job coaching program that is designed to increase employment among adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). We model selection into the program and employment outcomes for participants and non-participants allowing for potentially heterogeneous response among observationally equivalent individuals. In our simulations, we find that state ID population employment can be increased from 10.7 percent to an upper bound of 16.7 percent by a program administrator who can allocate the job coaches to those with the most to gain. This is a 56 percent increase in the overall employment rate. While we assume that program administrators know more about individual program participants than we do, we can consider an administrator who has only the information available to the econometrician. In this case, targeting gains based only on observable characteristics would lead to 11.8 percent employment, which is an 11 percent increase in the overall employment rate. Surprisingly, a simple rule that only requires administrators to predict employment success when treated (based on observables) will achieve almost the same results.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51392/2/MPRA_paper_51392.pdf
McInnes, Melayne and Ozturk, Orgul and McDermott, Suzanne and Mann, Joshua (2013): Improved Targeting of Social Programs: An Application to a State Job Coaching Program for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities. Forthcoming in: Eastern Economic Journal
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:54758
2019-09-26T10:29:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D49:4933
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54758/
The impact of Informal Credit on Poverty and Inequality: The Case of Vietnam
Nguyen Viet, Cuong
Van den Berg, Marrit
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
The informal credit market remains an important source of finance for the poor in Vietnam. Yet, little if anything is known about the ultimate impact of informal loans on poverty and inequality. If informal credit is an important means to decrease poverty, the government may want to reconsider its policy focus. Although it is possible to stimulate the availability of informal credit, the Vietnamese government has no policies to do so and focuses solely on direct provision of microfinance. In this paper we therefore estimate the average effect of informal credit on expenditures of borrowing households, and subsequently assess its impact on poverty and inequality. By using fixed-effect regressions with instrumental variables, we intend to eliminate the potential bias caused by differences between participants and non-participants in credit markets. We find that the poor borrowed proportionally more from informal sources than the non-poor and that informal credit was quite effective in decreasing poverty: it reduced the poverty incidence of borrowers by 8 percentage points and the overall poverty incidence of population by 1.4 percentage points in 2006. Similarly, informal credit significantly decreased the poverty gap index and the poverty-severity index. The effects on expenditure inequality were small.
2011-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54758/1/MPRA_paper_54758.pdf
Nguyen Viet, Cuong and Van den Berg, Marrit (2011): The impact of Informal Credit on Poverty and Inequality: The Case of Vietnam.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55849
2019-09-26T09:37:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473233
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483332
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483532
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D48:4838:483831
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493232
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493235
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493238
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55849/
Fixing Europe's youth unemployment and skills mismatch, can public financial support to SMEs be effective? The case of the European Commission and European Investment Bank joint initiatives.
Floreani, Vincent Arthur
G23 - Non-bank Financial Institutions ; Financial Instruments ; Institutional Investors
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
H32 - Firm
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
H81 - Governmental Loans ; Loan Guarantees ; Credits ; Grants ; Bailouts
I22 - Educational Finance ; Financial Aid
I25 - Education and Economic Development
I28 - Government Policy
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J60 - General
J68 - Public Policy
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
“We risk having a generation that hasn’t held a job. Personal dignity comes from working [...] Young people are in a crisis".
Pope Francis - July the 22nd, 2013.
Youth unemployment is a critical issue across the European Union with 5.5 million people unemployed among the 18-24 years age group (23.3% unemployment rate). Evidence reveals that youth unemployment in the EU mainly arises from two sources. Firstly, young people lack some of the relevant skills for the labor market.Secondly, firms’ ability to hire them is challenged by a constrained access to finance. In reaction, European leaders have implemented “offensive” programs (F. Hollande). Among them, leading initiatives sponsored by the European Commission(EC) and the European Investment Bank (EIB), aim to provide subsidized loans to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) for hiring and training young people. This approach seems relevant and sustainable as it addresses the two sources of youth unemployment and ought to combine jobs opportunities with skills development. This thesis assesses the relevance and scope for effectiveness of concessional loans provision to SMEs as a strategy to bolster youth employment and training opportunities.Starting with a comprehensive analysis of the EU youth unemployment, it outlines the rationale for a public intervention supporting SMEs based vocational training programs for youth. In addition, it exposes the main instruments mobilized in this field by the EU institutions. Through a deep demand-driven firm level and regional analysis, it determines both the needs and expected returns of such initiatives.Eventually, these results associated with a review of some successful case studies, set out the most effective programmatic, policy and financing intervention types, which ought to be scaled up within the EU.
2014-02-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55849/1/MPRA_paper_55849.pdf
Floreani, Vincent Arthur (2014): Fixing Europe's youth unemployment and skills mismatch, can public financial support to SMEs be effective? The case of the European Commission and European Investment Bank joint initiatives.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:57123
2019-10-01T00:07:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423232
7375626A656374733D42:4233:423331
7375626A656374733D45:4530:453031
7375626A656374733D45:4534
7375626A656374733D48:4832
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483231
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D48:4833
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483332
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483432
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32
7375626A656374733D4E:4E30
7375626A656374733D4E:4E32
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57123/
Política tributaria y economía fiscal en los enfoques de Hayek y Brenann/Buchanan
Estrada, Fernando
González, Jorge Iván
A10 - General
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
B22 - Macroeconomics
B31 - Individuals
E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth ; Environmental Accounts
E4 - Money and Interest Rates
H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
H21 - Efficiency ; Optimal Taxation
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
H32 - Firm
H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
K2 - Regulation and Business Law
N0 - General
N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions
We describe Hayek's position on taxation and its subsequent developments. Hayek defends the proportional tax system. If a majority rule corrects deviations from political power must also restrict the conditions of progressive taxation. According to Hayek the progressive tax system (SFP) violates a principle of constitutional law obligations to generate more work for those looking for the growth of the economy. In this sense, the progressive tax system operates counter to principles of democratic justice.
2014-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57123/1/MPRA_paper_57123.pdf
Estrada, Fernando and González, Jorge Iván (2014): Política tributaria y economía fiscal en los enfoques de Hayek y Brenann/Buchanan.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:59859
2019-10-10T15:07:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4232
7375626A656374733D42:4233:423331
7375626A656374733D42:4233:423332
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
7375626A656374733D48:4834
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59859/
Ronald Coase 1910-2013, In memoriam
Estrada, Fernando
B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925
B31 - Individuals
B32 - Obituaries
B41 - Economic Methodology
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
L24 - Contracting Out ; Joint Ventures ; Technology Licensing
L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy
N4 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation
This paper relates to the implications of transaction costs in Ronald Coase. The economics of transaction costs (TCE) is a first-order theoretical framework for understanding both the constraints to the development of the company to warn gaps in current public policy developments with important implications. Finally it provides observations of public policy aimed at correcting deviations of government experience.
2014
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59859/1/MPRA_paper_49558.pdf
Estrada, Fernando (2014): Ronald Coase 1910-2013, In memoriam.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:60919
2019-09-28T01:21:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60919/
Impact Evaluation of Development Programmes and Policies: Experiences from Viet Nam
Nguyen Viet, Cuong
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
Poverty reduction is one of major goals of development policy of most countries, especially developing ones. To reduce poverty, numerous development programmes have been implemented throughout the world. In recent decades, researchers as well as policy makers have been increasingly interested in impact evaluation of development programmes to improve the effectiveness of the programmes. Vietnam has been very successful in poverty reduction since the economic reform in 1986. The Government of Viet Nam, as well as international and domestic organisations, has implemented numerous targeted programmes to increase people’s welfare. Although increasing attention is paid to impact evaluation of programmes, well-designed impact evaluation of development projects remains very limited. This paper discusses experiences and difficulties in impact evaluation of development programmes in Viet Nam. The findings are expected to be relevant for not only Vietnam but also other developing countries, especially those with a similar socio-economic context as Vietnam.
2014-05-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60919/1/MPRA_paper_60919.pdf
Nguyen Viet, Cuong (2014): Impact Evaluation of Development Programmes and Policies: Experiences from Viet Nam.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:61506
2019-09-30T10:55:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D52:5234:523430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61506/
Reële opties en de waarde van flexibiliteit bij natte infrastructuur
Bos, Frits
Zwaneveld, Peter
C6 - Mathematical Methods ; Programming Models ; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
R40 - General
The basic idea of real options analysis is that flexibility has value. Increasing the flexibility of investmentprojects may therefore substantially increase their value. Ignoring the value of flexibility implies that erroneously investmentprojects without much flexibility may be preferred to more flexible alternatives. This paper investigates how real options analysis can be applied to the Dutch practice of water infrastructure, like the replacement and maintenance of current water construction works (e.g. bridges, dams and sluices) and the new Deltaprogram investments. The major conclusion is that identifying the various options for flexibility is usually more important than the estimation of their value. Estimation of the value is not necessary if sensitivity analysis indicates that a specific option for flexibility is a no regret solution that is in all circumstances preferrable to the other options. In case valuation is required to identify the best option, the best strategy is to start with simple and rough estimates using different sets of assumptions. Further refinement and improvement of these estimates could be counterproductive: considering the great uncertainty about future developments and the volatility of the value of options this will often not lead to much more accurate estimates. Furthermore, the increased complexity of the analysis will in practice often lead to substantial drawbacks in terms of communication and decision-making.
2014-05-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61506/1/MPRA_paper_61506.pdf
Bos, Frits and Zwaneveld, Peter (2014): Reële opties en de waarde van flexibiliteit bij natte infrastructuur.
nl
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:61507
2019-09-27T16:22:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4330
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D51:5135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61507/
Een snelle kosten-effectiviteitsanalyse voor het Deltaprogramma IJsselmeergebied: wat zijn de kosten en veiligheidsbaten van wel of niet meestijgen met de zeespiegel en extra zoetwaterbuffer?
Bos, Frits
Zwaneveld, Peter
van Puijenbroek, Peter
C0 - General
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
Q5 - Environmental Economics
Changes in the climate will have a major impact on the Dutch economy and environment. According to official Dutch climate scenario’s, at the end of the century the sea level will have increased by between 35 and 85 cm. This paper investigates major policy options for the IJsselmeer-area to ensure safety against flooding and various options to increase the freshwater stock. It is concluded that the costs to ensure safety and to protect the citizens, economy and the environment are substantial, that installing massive pumps results in major savings and that in the short run the fresh water stock can be tripled at very low costs (25 million euro). In contrast to the suggestion by the second Dutch Delta Commission, the water level in the IJsselmeer need not rise in line with the sea level
The costs of raising dikes and safety benefits were calculated using the model Diqe-Opt. In addition, also all kinds of secondary costs and benefits were investigated, like the effects of changing the water level for the environment, shipping, agriculture and historic monuments built on long wooden piles.
The effects on the environment were incorporated in several different ways. One approach was to estimate the costs to prevent environmental damage. For biodiversity, the shallow parts of the IJsselmeer are the most important. These can be protected against a rising water level by constructing a sand barrier. An alternative option is to purchase agricultural land and to use this for environmental purposes. In addition to these cost estimates, also the effects on biodiversity without any additional policy measures were investigated. This was measured in two different ways: the extent to which legal environmental protection standards were met and the score in biodiversity points.
According to this cost-effectiveness analysis le 5.5), the option to install giant pumps at the Afsluitdijk is billions of euro cheaper than letting the water level rise with the sea level. This holds also when the differences in fresh water buffer are taken into account. Another conclusion of this analysis was that with limited investments (about 25 million euro), the fresh water buffer in the IJsselmeer-region could be tripled in about a decade.
2012-09-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61507/1/MPRA_paper_61507.pdf
Bos, Frits and Zwaneveld, Peter and van Puijenbroek, Peter (2012): Een snelle kosten-effectiviteitsanalyse voor het Deltaprogramma IJsselmeergebied: wat zijn de kosten en veiligheidsbaten van wel of niet meestijgen met de zeespiegel en extra zoetwaterbuffer?
nl
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:62898
2019-09-29T10:40:41Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513531
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62898/
Considering household size in contingent valuation studies
Ahlheim, Michael
Schneider, Friedrich
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
In many empirical contingent valuation studies one finds that household size, i.e. the number of household members, is
negatively correlated with stated household willingness to pay for the realization of environmental projects. This observation
is rather puzzling because in larger households more people can benefit from an environmental improvement
than in small households. Therefore, the overall benefit should be greater for larger households. A plausible explanation
could be that household budgets are tighter for large families than for smaller families with the same overall family
income. The fact that larger families can afford only smaller willingness to pay statements in contingent valuation
surveys than smaller families with the same income and the same preferences might have consequences for the allocation
of public funds whenever the realization of an environmental project is made dependent on the outcome of a contingent
valuation study. This paper shows how the use of household equivalence scales for the assessment of environmental
projects with the contingent valuation method can serve to reduce the discrimination of members of large families.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62898/1/ee_2013_01_Ahlheim.pdf
Ahlheim, Michael and Schneider, Friedrich (2013): Considering household size in contingent valuation studies. Published in: Environmental Economics , Vol. 4, No. 1 (2013): pp. 112-123.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:63437
2019-09-27T21:01:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63437/
When should the distant future not be discounted at increasing discount rates?
Szekeres, Szabolcs
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
A number of governments have already adopted the policy of applying Declining Discount Rates (DDRs) to long lived projects, a move that will significantly affect public sector investment decisions. This paper argues that such policy is misguided, and revisits the discussion that led to it. A 2009 paper by Christian Gollier and Martin L. Weitzman is widely regarded as having solved the Weitzman-Gollier Puzzle, which is that the definition of expected present value (EPV) proposed by Weitzman’s in 1998 is inconsistent with the calculation of expected future values (EFV) when market interest rates are stochastic but perfectly auto-correlated. The inconsistency is actually due to the fact that Weitzman’s EPV formulation is incorrect. When it is replaced by the correct formulation, the puzzle disappears, and risk neutral certainty equivalent rates (CERs) turn out to be growing, rather than declining under the assumptions of Weitzman’s model. This removes the justification for the use of DDRs. This paper shows that Gollier and Weizmann (2009) fail to resolve the puzzle. Adding risk aversion to Weitzman’s 1998 model to derive risk adjusted CERs cannot resolve the inconsistency between alternative methods of computing expected monetary yields, because investors’ risk aversion only affects their own valuations, not market yields. If monetary CERs increase, the underlying efficiency of investment projects must generally match the growing monetary CERs of capital markets for them to be worth investing in, even for risk averse investors. The distant future should only not be discounted at increasing discount rates if Weitzman’s 1998 assumption of perfectly auto-correlated interest rates fails to hold sufficiently.
2015-04-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63437/1/MPRA_paper_63437.pdf
Szekeres, Szabolcs (2015): When should the distant future not be discounted at increasing discount rates?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:63438
2019-09-27T16:34:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63438/
Governments Should Not Use Declining Discount Rates in Project Analysis
Szekeres, Szabolcs
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
A number of governments have already adopted the policy of applying Declining Discount Rates (DDRs) to long lived projects, a move that could affect public sector investment decisions. Arguments for the use of Declining Discount Rates are based on the consideration of uncertainty, both for discount rates derived from social welfare functions, and for those derived from the characteristics of capital markets. The case for the latter is based on Martin L. Weitzman’s assertion that certainty equivalent discount rates are a declining function of time and tend to the lowest possible interest rate when interest rates are stochastic but perfectly auto-correlated. This paper finds that this conclusion is the consequence of Weitzman’s use of time reversed negative compounding, rather than of discounting, in the definition of net present value. When discounting is used instead, Weitzman’s conclusions are reversed, and do not support the use of Declining Discount Rates.
2015-04-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63438/1/MPRA_paper_63438.pdf
Szekeres, Szabolcs (2015): Governments Should Not Use Declining Discount Rates in Project Analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:63949
2019-09-29T09:03:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433138
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433532
7375626A656374733D48:4834
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63949/
A Note on DD Approach
Dinda, Soumyananda
C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
C18 - Methodological Issues: General
C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
O1 - Economic Development
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
This paper attempts to assess the impact of treatment effect or programme applying difference in difference (DD) approach. This study also identifies that the DD estimators are biased under certain conditions.
2015-04-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63949/1/MPRA_paper_63949.pdf
Dinda, Soumyananda (2015): A Note on DD Approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:63980
2019-09-28T17:39:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433231
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63980/
Programas sociales en Argentina y bienestar: Impacto de la moratoria previsional y de la AUH
D Elia, Vanesa
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
This paper provides empirical evidence on the impact on the welfare of the most important social programs implemented in the last decade in Argentina: the Inclusion Pension Plan
and the Universal Child Allowance (UCA), and discusses which of these redistributive instruments presents the highest aggregate utility. To do this, non-experimental
econometric techniques combined with various welfare indicators are used. We find that both programs increased the welfare of beneficiary households, and that the impact of the UCA exceeds in all cases that of the Inclusion Pension Plan. Likewise, it is evidenced a positive effect on general welfare.
2015-04-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63980/1/MPRA_paper_63980.pdf
D Elia, Vanesa (2015): Programas sociales en Argentina y bienestar: Impacto de la moratoria previsional y de la AUH.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:64286
2019-09-27T19:37:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64286/
The Mechanics of the Weitzman-Gollier Puzzles
Szekeres, Szabolcs
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
The Weitzman-Gollier Puzzle was observed in a setting of risk neutrality. This paper extends its analysis to cases of constant proportional risk aversion and finds that the phenomenon of the puzzle is not confined to the case of risk neutrality. Weitzman discounting produces declining discount rates for risk aversion values below one, but increasing ones for higher degrees of risk aversion. The finding that Weitzman’s discounting is actually time reversed negative compounding is confirmed. As Weitzman certainty equivalent rates (CERs) pertain to the cost of storing resources, rather than to interest earned from investing them productively, they should not be used in the evaluation of investment projects. Discounting project net benefits with declining discount rates (DDR) is never justified.
2015-05-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64286/1/MPRA_paper_64286.pdf
Szekeres, Szabolcs (2015): The Mechanics of the Weitzman-Gollier Puzzles.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:70588
2019-09-26T22:54:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443232
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3332
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3338
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/70588/
The Network of Subsidized and Spontaneous R&D Cooperation between Belgian and Foreign Firms, Research Institutes and universities: A Graph-theoretical Approach
Meeusen, Wim
Dumont, Michel
D22 - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
O38 - Government Policy
In this paper we present the preliminary results of a graphtheoretical analysis of the network of R&D co-operation between firms, research institutions and universities in Belgium within an international context.
The information contained in the available databases on international R&D co-operation in formal projects and less formal agreements (‘CORDIS’, EUREKA, MERIT-CATI) is combined with information on personal linkages ‘interlocking directorates’), so as to be able to differentiate between ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ R&D alliances between companies and other actors of the Belgian knowledge infrastructure (research institutes, universities and government agencies).
The proposed methodology stresses, in accordance with recent literature on innovation, the importance of R&D alliances for firms in order to benefit better from innovation opportunities, and for the economy as a whole in terms of the entailed activation of the process of knowledge and technology diffusion.
1998-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/70588/1/MPRA_paper_70588.pdf
Meeusen, Wim and Dumont, Michel (1998): The Network of Subsidized and Spontaneous R&D Cooperation between Belgian and Foreign Firms, Research Institutes and universities: A Graph-theoretical Approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:72593
2019-10-09T03:05:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/72593/
Testing Gollier and Weitzman’s Solution of the “Weitzman-Gollier Puzzle”
Szekeres, Szabolcs
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
Despite the fact that the “Weitzman-Gollier Puzzle” arose in the context of risk neutrality, Gollier and Weitzman (2009) claimed to have solved the puzzle by showing that, in case of risk aversion, discounting and compounding approaches yield the same result, and that these can be expressed in ways that are morphologically similar to the conflicting formulations of the original risk neutral model. This paper replicates their analysis with a simple numerical example and shows that the equality of results obtained is due to discount and compound factors being each other’s reciprocals in the risk averse model, while the inequality of the puzzle is due to this condition not being met in the risk neutral case. Their claim to have solved the puzzle is not sustained. It is shown that the source of the puzzle is Weitzman’s incorrect specification of the present value factor and that, correcting for this, the right conclusion under his assumptions is that certainty equivalent discount rates are growing functions of time. Gollier and Weitzman (2009) also claimed that “the ‘effective’ discount rate must decline over time toward its lowest possible value.” This paper finds that when long term market yields are a growing function of time, it makes no sense to invest in projects of similar risk but lesser yield, irrespective of one’s degree of risk aversion.
2016-07-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/72593/1/MPRA_paper_72593.pdf
Szekeres, Szabolcs (2016): Testing Gollier and Weitzman’s Solution of the “Weitzman-Gollier Puzzle”.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:73357
2019-09-27T15:34:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463032
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463633
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3139
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503335
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503437
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/73357/
Mind the Gap: Analyzing the impact of data gap in Millennium Development Goals’ (MDGs) indicators on the progress towards MDGs
Jacob, Arun
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
F63 - Economic Development
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
P35 - Public Economics
P47 - Performance and Prospects
Z18 - Public Policy
This paper analyses the impact of data gap in Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
performance indicators on actual performance success of MDGs. Performance success, within
the MDG framework, is quantified using six different ways proposed in the existing literature,
including both absolute and relative performance and deviation from historical transition
paths of MDG indicators. The empirical analysis clearly shows that the data gap in performance
measurement is a significant predictor of poor MDG performance in terms of any of
the six progress measures. Larger the data gap or weaker the performance measurement system,
lesser is the probability of MDG performance success. The empirical methodology used
in the paper combines a Heckman correction and instrumental variable estimation strategies
to simultaneously account for potential endogeneity of the key data gap variable and bias
due to sample selection. This result holds true even after controlling for overall national
statistical capacity and a variety of socioeconomic factors. The paper underlines the need to
strengthen the performance measurement system attached to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development and the associated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper is
the first attempt at empirically evaluating the value of data in the context of international
development goals and gives empirical evidence for the need to harness the ‘data revolution’
for sustainable development.
2016-06-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/73357/1/ABCDE2016ArunJacob.pdf
Jacob, Arun (2016): Mind the Gap: Analyzing the impact of data gap in Millennium Development Goals’ (MDGs) indicators on the progress towards MDGs.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:74629
2019-09-26T10:04:15Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74629/
Implementation of the eHealth Project in Latvia: Project audit perspective
Pulmanis, Emils
D6 - Welfare Economics
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
O22 - Project Analysis
In order to improve effectiveness of provision of healthcare service, the project implemented by the Ministry of Health- ”E-health in Latvia” is a step towards the right direction. It will provide the possibility for patients to ensure a greater control over their health issues, by maintaining healthy habits, lifestyle, increase substantiation of adoption of decisions and speed of service in the healthcare industry, ensuring quality and accessible information; patients will receive more quality services and in a shorter period of time for issuance of prescription drugs.
Nevertheless, the policy prepared by the Ministry of Health in the area of e-Health will not be implemented in the planned scope and the planned term; therefore the target-to improve the effectiveness of the provision of healthcare services will only be partially achieved.
The project „e-Health in Latvia” is necessary and important for the society, but already from the very beginning there have been substantial deficiencies (errors) - the professionals of industry are not involved in the project, multiple changes of institutions implementing the project, ineffective project management and finally, there has not been sufficient supervision of the project.
This Paper analyzes the implementation of the e-Health Project in Latvia from the audit perspective, showing th results from the performance-compliance audit carried out by the supreme audit institution – State Audit Office of the Republic of Latvia.
2016-10-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74629/1/MPRA_paper_74629.pdf
Pulmanis, Emils (2016): Implementation of the eHealth Project in Latvia: Project audit perspective. Published in: PM World Journal , Vol. 5, No. 10 (7 October 2016): pp. 1-34.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:74630
2019-09-26T10:09:27Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3232
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
7375626A656374733D52:5234:523432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74630/
Project Management in the Port Development Project in Latvia
Pulmanis, Emils
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
O22 - Project Analysis
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis ; Road Maintenance ; Transportation Planning
Paper analyse case study of performance and compliance audit in the port development project in Latvia. Author has participated in the audit process evaluating project management application practical approach in the project implemented by the Riga Freeport Authority and co-funded by the Cohesion Fund “Development of Infrastructure on Krievu Island for the Transfer of Port Activities from the City Centre”. Despite the mass media reports that the Riga Freeport Authority has successfully completed the project, only the construction phase of the project has been completed. During the following two years the stevedore activity must be transferred to the newly built port infrastructure on Krievu Island and coal handling operations must be commenced. In order to implement these activities the stevedores have to build internal infrastructure objects, to install equipment and to restructure logistics. Furthermore, in order to obtain positive opinions from the responsible institutions on the completion of the project and attainment of the defined objectives, by March 2019 it must be proved that the project objective has been reached and the benefits must be presented. The project was initiated in 2006 when the Riga Freeport Authority made a decision on using degraded Krievu Island territories for port activities and commenced the planning estimating that the construction phase of the project would be completed by the end of 2012. In accordance with the initial plans, active cargo handling should be currently taking place in the new port territories on Krievu Island. However, the implementation of the project has delayed by almost three years (detailed project implementation timeline see as annex 1), as we see it – due to ineffective solutions to project management issues and untimely, poor communication with the parties involved in the project, such as stevedores, builders, credit institutions etc.
2016-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74630/3/pmwj-May2016-Pulmanis-Latvia-port_project.pdf
Pulmanis, Emils (2016): Project Management in the Port Development Project in Latvia. Published in: PM World Journal , Vol. 5, No. 6 (8 June 2016): pp. 1-19.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:74631
2019-09-26T10:21:38Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483534
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74631/
Micro-Economical Aspects of Public Projects: Impact Factors for Project Efficiency and Sustainability
Pulmanis, Emils
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
H54 - Infrastructures ; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
O22 - Project Analysis
Project management approach in the public administration becoming gradually applied tool for implementation of different public programs and activities. Latvia has several methodological documentations to evaluate the possible benefits from infrastructure but still there is need for improvements as the only clear defined methodology is for transport sectors and those which have been provided by the European commission, but not always have been practically used in local municipalities’ project evaluations.
Public projects, and planning for such projects, generally have the following characteristics:
• Such projects are inherently risky due to long planning horizons and complex interfaces.
• Technology is often not standard.
• Decision making and planning are often multi-actor processes with conflicting interests.
• Often the project scope or ambition level will change significantly over time.
• Statistical evidence shows that such unplanned events are often unaccounted for, leaving budget contingencies sorely inadequate.
• As a consequence, misinformation about costs, benefits, and risks is the norm.
• The result is cost overruns and/or benefit shortfalls with a majority of projects.
Paper exanimates public project management applications in the context of the underlying structure that adverse dynamics and their application to specific areas for micro-economical level of project management, synthesizes the policy messages, and provides directions for future research. Public sector project management in Latvia become popular in recent years as there is different type of public funding sources available.
The paper examined the application of the project management practice and its micro-economic aspects in public sector in Latvia. Public sector project management in Latvia become popular in recent years as there is different type of public funding sources available. The paper describes the public sector project management practice in Latvia. Study shows that public sector project maturity level is low and should be improved. Research period covers the time from January 2013 – March 2015.
2015-04-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74631/1/MPRA_paper_74631.pdf
Pulmanis, Emils (2015): Micro-Economical Aspects of Public Projects: Impact Factors for Project Efficiency and Sustainability. Published in: Project Management Development – Practice and Perspectives , Vol. 3, No. 1 (16 April 2015): pp. 272-285.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:74968
2019-09-30T20:25:17Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4830
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4B:4B30:4B3030
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74968/
The economic and social costs of crime
Brand, Sam
Price, Richard
H0 - General
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
K00 - General
K14 - Criminal Law
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Every day decisions are made by policy makers and managers in the Criminal Justice System which reflect implicit judgements about the relative seriousness of different crimes, or about the benefits of pursuing one approach to reducing crime rather than another. This study represents a first step towards making such judgements more explicit and in making sure they better reflect the available evidence on the impacts on society of different types of crime.
Cost of crime estimates can play an important role in helping the government to achieve the greatest impact on crime for the money spent. They can be used in both appraisal and evaluation of crime reduction policies, such as those in the Government’s evidence-based Crime Reduction Programme. They can help us to prioritise, focusing scarce resources on policies that have the biggest impact on harm caused by crime, rather than simply the number of crimes.
Moreover, one of the two aims of the Criminal Justice System (CJS) is “to reduce crime and the fear of crime and their social and economic costs”. This study reports
on progress towards a cost of crime measure that can be used to assess performance against this aim. Figures used here represent the best available evidence, but nevertheless
needs to be much improved. The aim of this report is to stimulate debate and improvements in the evidence.
2000-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74968/1/MPRA_paper_74968.pdf
Brand, Sam and Price, Richard (2000): The economic and social costs of crime. Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:74976
2019-09-27T10:12:34Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443632
7375626A656374733D48:4834
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D51:5133
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5135
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513531
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74976/
The Social Cost of Carbon and the Shadow Price of Carbon: what they are, and how to use them in economic appraisal in the UK
Price, Richard
Thornton, Simeon
Nelson, Stephen
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
D62 - Externalities
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation
Q48 - Government Policy
Q5 - Environmental Economics
Q50 - General
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q58 - Government Policy
This paper sets out:
- a definition of the social cost of carbon, hitherto used in UK government appraisals to reflect the external costs of greenhouse gas emissions;
- the rationale for adopting a shadow price of carbon (SPC) for use in policy and investment appraisals across UK government; and the factors which the SPC reflects which the social cost of carbon (SCC) does not;
- our approach to setting the appropriate level for the shadow price of carbon (SPC), now and in the future; and
- how the SPC should be used in policy advice, and why it differs from other carbon price and cost concepts.
Our conclusion is that we should adopt as our starting point an SPC based on an SCC consistent with range of atmospheric concentrations of carbon identified by the Stern Review as the target for global action. Consideration will also be given to adjusting the SPC in the future in order to bring it progressively in line with the level of marginal abatement costs (MAC) consistent with our abatement goal. It will become possible to do this as our knowledge of UK and global MACs improves over the next couple of years.
2007-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74976/1/MPRA_paper_74976.pdf
Price, Richard and Thornton, Simeon and Nelson, Stephen (2007): The Social Cost of Carbon and the Shadow Price of Carbon: what they are, and how to use them in economic appraisal in the UK. Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:76602
2019-09-30T13:53:08Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3135
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3734
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/76602/
Effects of ISO 9001 Standard on Critical Factors of Project Management in Construction Industry
Neyestani, Behnam
Juanzon, Joseph Berlin P.
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
L15 - Information and Product Quality ; Standardization and Compatibility
L74 - Construction
O22 - Project Analysis
This paper provides a significant contribution to the knowledge by identifying the impact of ISO 9001 implementation on the most vital factors of project management within large scale (AAA) construction firms in Metro Manila, Philippines. Thus, the study was accomplished an extensive literature review for identifying the main factors of project management, ISO 9001 standard, and other concepts, for developing an appropriate survey instrument. Then the questionnaires were distributed randomly among selected ISO 9001:2008-certified projects of large-scale (AAA) construction firms. For data analysis, the study adopted the descriptive and inferential statistics analysis, in order to find the results and conclusions. Lastly, the findings indicated that ISO 9001 certification can statistically affect the two main factors of project management, except time length of projects in Metro Manila, Philippines.
2017-01-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/76602/1/MPRA_paper_76602.pdf
Neyestani, Behnam and Juanzon, Joseph Berlin P. (2017): Effects of ISO 9001 Standard on Critical Factors of Project Management in Construction Industry. Published in: Proceedings of 2017 Manila International Conference on “Trends in Engineering and Technology” (MTET-17) No. ISBN: 978-93-84468-98-9). (January 2017): pp. 55-59.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:76632
2019-09-28T13:06:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3135
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3734
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/76632/
Effects of ISO 9001 Standard on Critical Factors of Project Management in Construction Industry
Neyestani, Behnam
Juanzon, Joseph Berlin P.
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
L15 - Information and Product Quality ; Standardization and Compatibility
L74 - Construction
O22 - Project Analysis
This paper provides a significant contribution to the knowledge by identifying the impact of ISO 9001 implementation on the most vital factors of project management within large scale (AAA) construction firms in Metro Manila, Philippines. Thus, the study was accomplished an extensive literature review for identifying the main factors of project management, ISO 9001 standard, and other concepts, for developing an appropriate survey instrument. Then the questionnaires were distributed randomly among selected ISO 9001:2008-certified projects of large-scale (AAA) construction firms. For data analysis, the study adopted the descriptive and inferential statistics analysis, in order to find the results and conclusions. Lastly, the findings indicated that ISO 9001 certification can statistically affect the two main factors of project management, except time length of projects in Metro Manila, Philippines.
2017-01-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/76632/1/MPRA_paper_76632.pdf
Neyestani, Behnam and Juanzon, Joseph Berlin P. (2017): Effects of ISO 9001 Standard on Critical Factors of Project Management in Construction Industry. Published in: Proceedings of 2017 Manila International Conference on “Trends in Engineering and Technology” (MTET-17) No. ISBN: 978-93-84468-98-9). (January 2017): pp. 55-59.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:76850
2019-09-27T14:32:40Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3135
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3734
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/76850/
Effects of ISO 9001 Standard on Critical Factors of Project Management in Construction Industry
Neyestani, Behnam
Juanzon, Joseph Berlin P.
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
L15 - Information and Product Quality ; Standardization and Compatibility
L74 - Construction
O22 - Project Analysis
This paper provides a significant contribution to the knowledge by identifying the impact of ISO 9001 implementation on the most vital factors of project management within large scale (AAA) construction firms in Metro Manila, Philippines. Thus, the study was accomplished an extensive literature review for identifying the main factors of project management, ISO 9001 standard, and other concepts, for developing an appropriate survey instrument. Then the questionnaires were distributed randomly among selected ISO 9001:2008-certified projects of large-scale (AAA) construction firms. For data analysis, the study adopted the descriptive and inferential statistics analysis, in order to find the results and conclusions. Lastly, the findings indicated that ISO 9001 certification can statistically affect the two main factors of project management, except time length of projects in Metro Manila, Philippines.
2017-01-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/76850/1/MPRA_paper_76850.pdf
Neyestani, Behnam and Juanzon, Joseph Berlin P. (2017): Effects of ISO 9001 Standard on Critical Factors of Project Management in Construction Industry. Published in: Proceedings of 2017 Manila International Conference on “Trends in Engineering and Technology” (MTET-17) No. ISBN: 978-93-84468-98-9). (January 2017): pp. 55-59.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:77570
2019-10-03T04:51:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D48:4838:483833
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3338
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/77570/
Совершенствование администрирования государственных программ в Республике Казахстан
Iskakov, Aziz
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
H83 - Public Administration ; Public Sector Accounting and Audits
O38 - Government Policy
It is well known that the final result of any process depends on a number of its components: the source material, the production process itself, quality control and qualification of the performer, as well as internal and external factors. The present work is intended to consider these elements, as applied to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the administration of state programs. The production process is the implementation of program documents, while quality control is represented by monitoring and control functions. Under the staffing and its quality, we mean the employees of the body responsible for state planning and their qualifications. It should be noted that internal and external factors are not considered within the framework of this article.
The hypothesis of this study is the assumption that the current system of state planning in Republic of Kazakhstan has a hidden development potential that is not realized due to the low level of qualification of the involved personnel. To prove the hypothesis, such research methods as comparative analysis and analysis of normative legal acts were used.
During the course of this study a number of recommendations were developed, presented during the open discussion of the draft state program "Digital Kazakhstan-2020". The author of this article proposed 21 proposals for changes in the system of target indicators, proposed projects and activities, as well as the formats for their implementation. 18 of them were adopted positively and included in the draft state program.
2017-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/77570/1/MPRA_paper_77570.pdf
Iskakov, Aziz (2017): Совершенствование администрирования государственных программ в Республике Казахстан.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:78929
2019-09-28T07:04:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3934
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/78929/
An Integrated Appraisal of the Péligre Electricity Transmission Line Rehabilitation Investment
Salci, Sener
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
L94 - Electric Utilities
The analytical challenges in evaluating the impacts of transmission line investments have vexed practitioners and electricity market regulators. The purpose of this study is to provide a guideline for improving the accuracy and predictability of the impacts of electricity rehabilitation projects. The subject is too broad to address completely here. The proposed guideline is suitable for evaluations of such project implemented in a broken electricity network. In such case, the demand for electricity is deterred, the supply of the electricity is unreliable, and the system is far away from its least-cost optimum production/consumption level.
The guideline does not rebut the catalog of existing evaluation models or approaches. The guideline utilizes them for a reasonable ex-ante assessment to identify “good” projects that satisfy the economic and public objectives of the economy. An integrated cost-benefit analysis (CBA) framework is recommended to appraise such projects along with allocating the impacts to stakeholders in a manner that is commensurate with the net benefits they receive. Such an integrated analysis is much more than a set of procedures for estimating the expected net present values or rates of return of the project.
2017-05-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/78929/1/MPRA_paper_78929.pdf
Salci, Sener (2017): An Integrated Appraisal of the Péligre Electricity Transmission Line Rehabilitation Investment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:82134
2019-09-26T10:00:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
7375626A656374733D42:4230
7375626A656374733D42:4230:423030
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463633
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483130
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483430
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483434
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483534
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3330
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3137
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82134/
Trends and Features of Research on Foreign Aid: A Literature Review
Pedrosa-Garcia, Jose Antonio
A10 - General
B0 - General
B00 - General
F63 - Economic Development
H10 - General
H40 - General
H41 - Public Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
H54 - Infrastructures ; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise
L30 - General
N17 - Africa ; Oceania
O10 - General
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
Z18 - Public Policy
This paper reviews the economics literature on foreign aid. Aid supporters tend to emphasize results, while its detractors tend to highlight the incentives it provides (although they may still acknowledge some of aid’s positive results, particularly on public health). Like the modes to deliver it, research on foreign aid has evolved over the years. From the traditional aid-growth regressions research has refocused towards micro issues, including institutional inefficiencies or sector-specific bottlenecks. This tendency is positive, in so far as it can lead to useful policy advice that improves the way aid is given. Great gaps in knowledge remain, though. Notably, the aid market is poorly understood in aspects such as donors’ interaction with the recipient government or donors’ coordination. In terms of political economy, recipient countries’ decision making with regards to aid fungibility or the incentives provided by new types of aid (notably China’s) have been largely unexplored. Moreover, the types of public goods that improve households’ living standards are little understood. The scarcity of research on these questions is greatly due to lack of data – or even data opacity; if aid is to be better understood and improved, far greater efforts must be made in terms of collecting and sharing data.
2017-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82134/1/MPRA_paper_82134.pdf
Pedrosa-Garcia, Jose Antonio (2017): Trends and Features of Research on Foreign Aid: A Literature Review.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:86639
2019-09-26T16:51:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483130
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483132
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483133
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483139
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483430
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483432
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483434
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483439
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483530
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483532
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483534
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483537
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483539
7375626A656374733D48:4836
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483630
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483631
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483632
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483633
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483638
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483639
7375626A656374733D48:4837
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483730
7375626A656374733D49:4930
7375626A656374733D49:4931
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4932
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493234
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493238
7375626A656374733D49:4933
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/86639/
Der Wohlfahrtstaat als Grundbestandteil des modernen demokratischen Staatsgefüges
Mavrozacharakis, Emmanouil
Tzagkarakis, Stylianos Ioannis
H10 - General
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
H12 - Crisis Management
H13 - Economics of Eminent Domain ; Expropriation ; Nationalization
H19 - Other
H40 - General
H41 - Public Goods
H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
H49 - Other
H50 - General
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
H54 - Infrastructures ; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
H56 - National Security and War
H57 - Procurement
H59 - Other
H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt
H60 - General
H61 - Budget ; Budget Systems
H62 - Deficit ; Surplus
H63 - Debt ; Debt Management ; Sovereign Debt
H68 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt
H69 - Other
H7 - State and Local Government ; Intergovernmental Relations
H70 - General
I0 - General
I1 - Health
I10 - General
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I2 - Education and Research Institutions
I20 - General
I24 - Education and Inequality
I28 - Government Policy
I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
I30 - General
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
Defining the welfare state is not a simpleminded task. Actually, there are numerous definitions which try to reflect at least some of the basic characteristics of the welfare state or its objectives and its functions. For some, there is primarily an institutional parameter, for others there are functional issues which have to be firstly indicated and for others, the ideological and political factors determine the definition and the attitude towards the welfare state. Apart from all these crucial ascertainments, there are some basic fundamental characteristics and values of the welfare state which render it as a precondition of the existence of the modern state. Unquestionably, it reflects a distinct part of the state but most importantly, it comprises a prerequisite for its existence. This is the exact aim of this paper; to surpass the theoretical diversifications and to find the fundamental common ground which forms the indispensability for the existence of the welfare state.
2018-04-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/86639/1/MPRA_paper_86639.pdf
Mavrozacharakis, Emmanouil and Tzagkarakis, Stylianos Ioannis (2018): Der Wohlfahrtstaat als Grundbestandteil des modernen demokratischen Staatsgefüges.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:91187
2019-09-27T08:01:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/91187/
Why expected discount factors yield incorrect expected present values
Szekeres, Szabolcs
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
Compound and discount factors determine the relationship between present and future values. When interest rates are stochastic, expected compound factors are computed by probability weighting all possible compound factors. It is customary to proceed likewise to compute expected discount factors. It has been noted that risk neutral certainty equivalent interest rates differ when computed from expected compound or expected discount factors, yielding alternative project rankings. This paper shows that expected discount factors yield incorrect expected present values because, unlike in the deterministic case, they are not the reciprocals of the corresponding expected compound factors.
2018-02-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/91187/1/MPRA_paper_91187.pdf
Szekeres, Szabolcs (2018): Why expected discount factors yield incorrect expected present values.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:91451
2019-09-26T08:11:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D52:5234:523432
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/91451/
Transportation Project Evaluation Methods/Approaches
M. Rouhani, Omid
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis ; Road Maintenance ; Transportation Planning
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
In this paper, I briefly review the key methods to evaluate transportation projects. These methods are: Financial analysis; Cost benefit (economic analysis); Multi-criteria analysis; Cost-effectiveness analysis; Social welfare analysis; and Risk analysis (Monte Carlo simulation). The importance of understanding these methods lies in the fact that transportation projects offer huge social benefits and costs; some are impossible or very complex to measure in monetary terms.
2019-01-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/91451/1/MPRA_paper_91451.pdf
M. Rouhani, Omid (2019): Transportation Project Evaluation Methods/Approaches.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:95592
2019-10-07T13:11:26Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3534
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/95592/
Effectiveness of Project Management Tools used in the Sri Lankan Public Sector
Jayasundara, Chinthaka
Jayawickrema, Vishuddhi
Sivagananathan, Arul
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
M54 - Labor Management
O22 - Project Analysis
This research project is primarily aimed at investigating the use of project management tools and techniques in the Sri Lankan public sector and how they affect project success. The study sample consisted of 202 public sector employees who are responsible for projects.Confirmatory factor analysis coupled with structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed as the primary statistical analysis technique. The findings reveal that project manager’s competency, top management support and affective organizational commitment facilitate project success through effective use of project management tools. Further, it was found that project complexity moderates the positive relationships between top management support and the use of project management tools, as well as affective organizational commitment and the use of
project management tools.
2013-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/95592/1/222.pdf
Jayasundara, Chinthaka and Jayawickrema, Vishuddhi and Sivagananathan, Arul (2013): Effectiveness of Project Management Tools used in the Sri Lankan Public Sector. Published in: Sri Lankan Journal of Management , Vol. 18, No. 3-4 (December 2013): pp. 138-164.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:98570
2020-02-11T08:15:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483434
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/98570/
The economic enhancement of military sites and landscapes: what are the lessons of international practice?
Brau, Rinaldo
Statzu, Vania
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
O21 - Planning Models ; Planning Policy
The presence of military assets characterizes the landscape of the areas where the asset is located also in socio-economic terms. In our analysis, we first distinguish between “historical” sites covering events up to the Second World War, and “recent sites” related to the Cold War. We also distinguish between tangible heritage, such as constructions and artefacts of various ages, and intangible heritage, mainly areas where battles and major military events took place. Battlefields form the core of a variety of tourism products: from cultural and educational tourism, to commemoration of events with re-enactment of battles, to the so-called “memory tourism”, up to the so-called “dark tourism”.
We start with a short analysis of strategies adopted by public administration to dismantle and reuse historical military sites, focusing on the shift from a totally public management to the gradual involvement of privates. Usually, reuse of historical sites is addressed to tourism and cultural purposes. Then, we focus on the Cold War heritage, characterised by larger areas, important infrastructures and high environmental contamination. Private investment is fundamental to the reuse and management of these sites. A wide range of possibility of reuse has been identified. Finally, we analyse battlefield-related tourism megatrends.
Our analysis aims to make a review of reuse of military sites, especially where economic data are available to verify the amount of resources used or catalysed by the reuse of a military sites. During the analysis, we will proceed to identify the main characteristics of the reuse process. These and other information will be useful to derive general indications on what are the economic potentials (and limits) of Sardinian military vestments, considered in their dual nature of tangible asset and intangible heritage. In addition, we discuss the application of economic valuation tools to closure and reuse of military sites.
2017
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/98570/1/MPRA_paper_98521.pdf
Brau, Rinaldo and Statzu, Vania (2017): The economic enhancement of military sites and landscapes: what are the lessons of international practice? Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:101574
2020-07-09T15:02:33Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473135
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/101574/
Risk pricing inefficiency in public-private partnerships
Makovsek, Dejan
Moszoro, Marian W.
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
G15 - International Financial Markets
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
L32 - Public Enterprises ; Public-Private Enterprises
There is a drive towards delivering and operating public infrastructure through public-private partnership (PPP) rather than traditional public procurement. The assessment of the value for money achieved by the two alternative approaches rests in the cost of financing and their efficiency in delivery and operation. This paper focuses on the cost of financing, in particular the cost associated with transferring risk from the public to the private sphere. If capital markets were efficient and complete, the cost of public (government) and private financing should be the same, with the relative delivery and operational efficiency remaining as the primary determinant of value-for-money. Evidence suggests, however, that the risk transfer to a PPP entails an inefficient risk pricing premium which goes beyond the direct cost of financing. We argue that a high price for PPPs results from large risk transfers, risk treatment within the private sector, and uncertainty around the past and future performance of public-private consortia. The corollary is that the efficiency gains from a PPP must be much higher than commonly expected to deliver greater value for the money than under a traditional approach.
2017-11-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/101574/1/MPRA_paper_101574.pdf
Makovsek, Dejan and Moszoro, Marian W. (2017): Risk pricing inefficiency in public-private partnerships. Published in: Transport Reviews , Vol. 38, No. 3 (2018): pp. 298-321.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:102232
2020-08-10T07:48:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102232/
Correcting the Error in Gamma Discounting
Szekeres, Szabolcs
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
In “Gamma Discounting” Martin L. Weitzman (2001) concludes that certainty equivalent discount rates should decline significantly over time. He draws this conclusion from fitting a Gamma distribution to the responses of 2,160 economists asked to give a discount rate estimate and calculating effective discount rates from it. This paper shows that Weitzman’s model is based on an erroneous definition of expected present value. Correcting the definition changes Weitzman’s conclusions, explains the Pazner and Razin discrepancy and solves the Weitzman-Gollier puzzle under risk neutrality. The assertions of this paper are corroborated by calculations based on data found in Weitzman (2001).
2020-05-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102232/1/MPRA_paper_102232.pdf
Szekeres, Szabolcs (2020): Correcting the Error in Gamma Discounting.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:102233
2020-08-10T07:48:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102233/
Checking the Evidence for Declining Discount Rates
Szekeres, Szabolcs
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
A numerical model is used to experimentally compute certainty equivalent discount rates (CERs) of risk neutral and risk-averse decision makers. Investors are characterized by utility functions of the constant-intertemporal-elasticity-of-substitution (CIES) type. Stochastic interest rates are generated using a Cox, Ingersoll & Ross (CIR) type model, calibrated to 1992-2017 US three-month Treasury Bill rates. The paper replicates empirical studies providing evidence for declining discount rates (DDRs) and tests claims regarding risk averse CERs in a descriptive discounting context. It is shown that DDRs as proposed by Weitzman are based on a fallacy. The reviewed papers seeking empirical evidence of DDRs repeat the mistake. Risk averse CERs can be decline with time because of portfolio effects. If these are low, risk averse CERs are slightly lower than risk neutral ones but not secularly declining.
2020-08-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102233/1/MPRA_paper_102233.pdf
Szekeres, Szabolcs (2020): Checking the Evidence for Declining Discount Rates.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:102344
2020-08-13T07:55:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102344/
The real solution of the Weitzman-Gollier Puzzle
Szekeres, Szabolcs
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
The Weitzman-Gollier Puzzle centered on the question of whether certainty equivalent discount rates should be growing or declining functions of time in capital markets with perfectly autocorrelated stochastic interest rates. Absent a convincing solution of the puzzle in the context of risk neutrality, most of the literature trying to reconcile the two approaches appealed to the notion of risk-aversion, and many claim having solved the puzzle while endorsing the notion of declining discount rates (DDRs). This note proves that the DDR recommendation results from the fallacy of ignoring that the expectation of the inverses is not equal to the inverse of the expectation and shows how incorrect CERs can be computed from correct ones and vice versa. Consequently, the Weitzman-Gollier Puzzle is not a puzzle, but an insidious, long undetected mistake.
2020-08-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102344/1/MPRA_paper_102344.pdf
Szekeres, Szabolcs (2020): The real solution of the Weitzman-Gollier Puzzle.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:102696
2020-09-06T21:21:57Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473135
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102696/
Risk pricing inefficiency in public-private partnerships
Makovsek, Dejan
Moszoro, Marian W.
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
G15 - International Financial Markets
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
L32 - Public Enterprises ; Public-Private Enterprises
There is a drive towards delivering and operating public infrastructure through public-private partnership (PPP) rather than traditional public procurement. The assessment of the value for money achieved by the two alternative approaches rests in the cost of financing and their efficiency in delivery and operation. This paper focuses on the cost of financing, in particular the cost associated with transferring risk from the public to the private sphere. If capital markets were efficient and complete, the cost of public (government) and private financing should be the same, with the relative delivery and operational efficiency remaining as the primary determinant of value-for-money. Evidence suggests, however, that the risk transfer to a PPP entails an inefficient risk pricing premium which goes beyond the direct cost of financing. We argue that a high price for PPPs results from large risk transfers, risk treatment within the private sector, and uncertainty around the past and future performance of public-private consortia. The corollary is that the efficiency gains from a PPP must be much higher than commonly expected to deliver greater value for the money than under a traditional approach.
2018-05-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102696/8/MPRA_paper_102696.pdf
Makovsek, Dejan and Moszoro, Marian W. (2018): Risk pricing inefficiency in public-private partnerships. Published in: Transport Reviews , Vol. 38, No. 3 (2018): pp. 298-321.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:102713
2020-09-02T21:05:00Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473332
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483534
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3332
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3935
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102713/
Efficient Public-Private Capital Structures
Moszoro, Marian
G32 - Financing Policy ; Financial Risk and Risk Management ; Capital and Ownership Structure ; Value of Firms ; Goodwill
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
H54 - Infrastructures ; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
L32 - Public Enterprises ; Public-Private Enterprises
L95 - Gas Utilities ; Pipelines ; Water Utilities
This paper presents a rationale for hybrid public-private capital structures in public utilities. The public sector can borrow money cheaper, while private investors can spawn life-cycle cost savings. When investment vehicles enable the internalization of the financial advantage of the public sector and the managerial advantage of the private sector, a Pareto-efficient capital structure is achieved with both the public and private parties as shareholders. I show how different knowledge transfer schemes determine the optimal shareholding structure for the utility company.
2014-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102713/1/MPRA_paper_102713.pdf
Moszoro, Marian (2014): Efficient Public-Private Capital Structures. Published in: Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics , Vol. 85, No. 1 (March 2014): pp. 103-126.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:103532
2020-10-21T13:17:41Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32
7375626A656374733D52:5234:523432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/103532/
Practical Solutions to Ensure the Schedule Management of Ho Chi Minh City Urban Railway Project in Vietnam: Survey of Expert's Opinions
Quang Tran, Phu
Thi Quynh Tran, Nhu
Nguyen, Phong Thanh
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
O2 - Development Planning and Policy
R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis ; Road Maintenance ; Transportation Planning
The development of the construction industry is considered to be a significant factor contributing
to the economic growth of states and countries. However,
many studies have shown that the quality of time and
schedule management on civil and construction projects
has generally been poor. Thus, it is essential to investigate factors that significantly affect the project schedule. This research aims to examine the practice of time management on a particular construction transport project in a developing country, the urban railway project in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, with its six main lines. The implementation of this project began in 2010, but so far, only two lines have been constructed. The implementation process has been struck by many difficulties leading to the slow implementation of the entire urban railway system. To investigate the main causes leading to project delays, a research survey was carried out in three main stages: (1) a questionnaire was designed (2) data was collected with the participation of experts, and (3) an analysis of the data verification of the research model. Then, the analytical hierarchy process approach was applied to assess the priority level of the proposed solutions to ensure the effectiveness of the schedule of the entire urban railway project.
2020-05-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/103532/1/MPRA_paper_103532.pdf
Quang Tran, Phu and Thi Quynh Tran, Nhu and Nguyen, Phong Thanh (2020): Practical Solutions to Ensure the Schedule Management of Ho Chi Minh City Urban Railway Project in Vietnam: Survey of Expert's Opinions. Published in: Civil Engineering &Architecture , Vol. 08, No. 04 (31 August 2020): pp. 466-474.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:103691
2020-10-22T05:46:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/103691/
Оценка эффективности доклинической диагностики болезни Паркинсона методом "затраты-полезность"
Denisova, Irina
Chubarova, Tatiana
Bogatova, Irina
Vartanov, Sergey
Kucheryanu, Valerian
Polterovich, Victor
Tourdyeva, Natalia
Shakleina, Marina
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
Neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson disease being an example, set challenges to modern societies both in terms of premature deaths and resources spent on treatment of the diseases. Prevention and early diagnostics in particular, are potential directions towards higher economic efficiency of healthcare interventions in this area. We suggest a way to modify the cost-utility approach to evaluation of economic efficiency of an early diagnostics method of Parkinson disease (PD) at the laboratory stage of the diagnostics method. The lack of detailed understanding of the early testing group selection and composition are the major challenges to economic evaluation here. In particular, we consider the approach to diagnose PD at the prodromal stage suggested by Ugrumov 2020. The early diagnostics at the prodromal stage, accompanied by neuroprotective therapy of those identified at high risk of PD, allows postponing PD development for later years. The innovative approach implies saving both direct and indirect costs of PD treatment in comparison with traditional approach but adds costs of testing for the high risk of PD. The latter component may be non-trivial depending on the rules of selection into the group of tested. We suggest a way to modify the cost-utility evaluation procedure so that to take this uncertainty into account. We formulate the economic efficiency condition of the early diagnostics method in terms of the minimal probability of PD in the tested group and estimate the probability based on the Russian data. The latter sets the important threshold for innovative technology when moving from the laboratory into the clinical stage.
2020-10-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/103691/1/MPRA_paper_103691.pdf
Denisova, Irina and Chubarova, Tatiana and Bogatova, Irina and Vartanov, Sergey and Kucheryanu, Valerian and Polterovich, Victor and Tourdyeva, Natalia and Shakleina, Marina (2020): Оценка эффективности доклинической диагностики болезни Паркинсона методом "затраты-полезность".
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:105182
2021-01-11T10:29:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433638
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443538
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/105182/
Расчетная модель общего равновесия для оценки экономического эффекта ранней диагностики болезни Паркинсона
Tourdyeva, Natalia
Bogatova, Irina
Vartanov, Sergey
Denisova, Irina
Chubarova, Tatiana
Shakleina, Marina
Polterovich, Victor
C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
This paper presents a new CGE model of the Russian economy with a health block. We estimate effects of Parkinson's disease (PD) on the Russian economy and population. We distinguish two mechanisms transmitting effects of the PD: a change in the quality of life of a representative household and a decrease in labor supply due to early retirement caused by PD. Our main focus is on effects of early diagnosis of PD coupled with the use of neuroprotective therapy at the prodromal stage of PD.
Calculations showed that the cumulative economic effect of PD on the Russian economy, taking into account the forecast of an increase in the incidence of PD over 30 years, can lead to a loss of real GDP in the amount of -0.86%, and a decrease in the utility of households over the same period in the amount of -1.11% of the consumption level of the base year.
The high efficiency of early diagnosis in combination with neuroprotective therapy was shown: the cumulative effect, taking into account the prognosis of an increase in the incidence of PD over 30 years of using this method, can give a gain of about 0.68% of the base year GDP, which is accompanied by an increase in the welfare of a representative consumer in the amount of 0.88 % of the baseline consumption. We show that the prevailing channel of influence of PD on macroeconomic parameters is the effect of a reduction in the supply of labor due to an increase in the disability of patients with PD.
2021-01-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/105182/24/MPRA_paper_105182.pdf
Tourdyeva, Natalia and Bogatova, Irina and Vartanov, Sergey and Denisova, Irina and Chubarova, Tatiana and Shakleina, Marina and Polterovich, Victor (2021): Расчетная модель общего равновесия для оценки экономического эффекта ранней диагностики болезни Паркинсона.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:105729
2021-02-03T03:49:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D52:5234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/105729/
Transportation Project Evaluation Methods/Approaches- Version 2
Rouhani, Omid
D6 - Welfare Economics
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
R4 - Transportation Economics
Building upon an earlier version, I further review the key methods to evaluate transportation projects. Since transportation projects offer substantial social benefits and costs, it is vital to provide a comparative analysis on the commonly-used methods, i.e., which method(s) to use and under what conditions. In this short paper, I provide such analysis briefly.
2021-02-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/105729/1/MPRA_paper_105729.pdf
Rouhani, Omid (2021): Transportation Project Evaluation Methods/Approaches- Version 2.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:105732
2021-02-03T23:39:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D52:5234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/105732/
Transportation Project Evaluation Methods/Approaches- Version 2
Rouhani, Omid
D6 - Welfare Economics
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
R4 - Transportation Economics
Building upon an earlier version, I further review the key methods to evaluate transportation projects. Since transportation projects offer substantial social benefits and costs, it is vital to provide a comparative analysis on the commonly-used methods, i.e., which method(s) to use and under what conditions. In this short paper, I provide such analysis briefly.
2021-02-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/105732/1/MPRA_paper_105732.pdf
Rouhani, Omid (2021): Transportation Project Evaluation Methods/Approaches- Version 2.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:106029
2021-02-12T06:51:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/106029/
Should CBA use descriptive or prescriptive discount rates? It should use both!
Szekeres, Szabolcs
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
Discounting project net flows that exclude financing costs with prescriptive rates fails to reflect costs of capital; discounting them with descriptive rates fails to reflect intertemporal preferences. A hybrid discounting method is proposed whereby descriptive rates are used to forecast costs of capital and prescriptive rates are used to discount all-inclusive net welfare flows. An agent-based capital market model audits the performance of alternative discounting approaches. There is no need to reconcile the discounting approaches. They should be viewed as complementary, not as competing. They are both necessary, and only jointly sufficient to achieve optimality in intertemporal resource allocation.
2021-02-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/106029/1/MPRA_paper_106029.pdf
Szekeres, Szabolcs (2021): Should CBA use descriptive or prescriptive discount rates? It should use both!
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:108397
2021-06-21T22:35:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/108397/
Should CBA use descriptive or prescriptive discount rates? It should use both!
Szekeres, Szabolcs
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
Discounting project net flows that exclude financing costs with prescriptive rates fails to reflect costs of capital; discounting them with descriptive rates fails to reflect intertemporal preferences. A hybrid discounting method is proposed by which descriptive rates are used to forecast costs of capital and prescriptive rates are used to discount all-inclusive net welfare flows. An agent-based capital market model audits the performance of alternative discounting approaches. There is no need to reconcile the discounting approaches. They should be viewed as complementary, not as competing. For projects to be economically feasible their rate of return should exceed both the STPR and the SOCR. Following this rule will ensure that proposed public sector projects will be no less effective at converting present consumption into future consumption than what the public can already manage and that the benefits of proposed projects will exceed all their direct and indirect costs.
2021-02-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/108397/1/MPRA_paper_108397.pdf
Szekeres, Szabolcs (2021): Should CBA use descriptive or prescriptive discount rates? It should use both!
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:115146
2022-11-16T07:10:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4830
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483130
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483132
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483133
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483230
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483330
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483430
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483432
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483434
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483439
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483530
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483532
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483534
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483630
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483730
7375626A656374733D49:4930
7375626A656374733D49:4931
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4932
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D49:4933
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D50:5030
7375626A656374733D50:5031
7375626A656374733D50:5032
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/115146/
The crisis of the social democratic movement
Mavrozacharakis, Emmanouil
H0 - General
H10 - General
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
H12 - Crisis Management
H13 - Economics of Eminent Domain ; Expropriation ; Nationalization
H20 - General
H30 - General
H31 - Household
H40 - General
H41 - Public Goods
H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
H49 - Other
H50 - General
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
H54 - Infrastructures ; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
H60 - General
H70 - General
I0 - General
I1 - Health
I10 - General
I2 - Education and Research Institutions
I20 - General
I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
I30 - General
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
J0 - General
J20 - General
J30 - General
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
P0 - General
P1 - Capitalist Systems
P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies
P20 - General
The financial collapse of 2007, the accompanying refugee crisis, the health crisis, and the coronavirus pandemic have all played their part in the current gloomy political climate. The left lacks a clear message or strategy to improve the lives of ordinary people. The emphasis on austerity and competitiveness brought about by the financial crisis has worsened people's social conditions. The need for a "new left" with a relevant narrative is undoubtedly important. The insecurity and instability currently facing the so-called social left is a direct cause of this desire. The demand for a "new left" with a relevant narrative is undoubtedly necessary. This demand arises directly from the current insecurity and instability that the so-called social left is facing. As part of a political program whose core is an effective welfare state, the democratic left needs contemporary pragmatism in the form of realistic but substantive political goals and demands. The new left narrative must place the goal of social justice at the center of a social realist framework that does not focus only on the need for economic competitiveness and financial balance. It is necessary to advocate a modern social "philosophy" of solidarity, progress, and justice. This new agenda must be embedded in a long-term political reform strategy that can only be realized if the goals are clear to the public.
2022-10-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/115146/1/MPRA_paper_115146.pdf
Mavrozacharakis, Emmanouil (2022): The crisis of the social democratic movement.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:115704
2022-12-19T15:30:23Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D51:5131
7375626A656374733D52:5231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/115704/
Livestock production, greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and grassland conservation: Quasi-natural experimental evidence
Liu, Min
Xu, Wenli
Zhang, Hangyu
Chen, Huang
Bie, Qiang
Han, Guodong
Yu, Xiaohua
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
Q1 - Agriculture
R1 - General Regional Economics
Serious climate challenges and environmental concerns have led to calls to mitigate greenhouse effects and pollution by controlling livestock production. In this study, we performed a cross-boundary quasi-natural experimental analysis of the Mongolian Plateau to examine the causal effects of livestock reduction on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollutants. Aimed at grassland conservation by controlling overgrazing, China’s grassland ecological compensation policy (GECP) unintendedly offered the opportunity to estimate the causal effects of livestock reduction. To this end, we used official statistical data, remote sensing data, reanalysis data, and household survey data. Empirical findings based on the synthetic difference-in-differences (SDID) approach showed that with the implementation of the GECP, livestock reduction reduced atmospheric GHG and air pollutant concentrations and increased grassland quality and carbon sequestration in grasslands. We extended the basic SDID to the dynamic SDID and used it to estimate the causal effects in each policy year, which presented that the policy effects were more pronounced after several years of continuous implementation. The pathway analysis revealed that atmospheric CH4 concentrations decreased with the reduction in animal CH4 emissions and that the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations decreased with grassland restoration. These findings provided empirical references for reforming the global food system to ensure both food security and environmental protection.
2022-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/115704/1/MPRA_paper_115704.pdf
Liu, Min and Xu, Wenli and Zhang, Hangyu and Chen, Huang and Bie, Qiang and Han, Guodong and Yu, Xiaohua (2022): Livestock production, greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and grassland conservation: Quasi-natural experimental evidence.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:117284
2023-05-15T14:30:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443034
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3238
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/117284/
Workers’ behavior after safety regulations: Impact evaluation of the Spanish Occupational Safety and Health Act
Delgado-Cubillo, Pablo
Martín-Román, Ángel L.
D04 - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation, Implementation, and Evaluation
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
J28 - Safety ; Job Satisfaction ; Related Public Policy
K31 - Labor Law
While the 1995 Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH) regulation transformed the outlook on workplaces in Spain, characterized by a lack of preventive protection, public statistics have reported an increasing trend in the postregulation workplace accident rates. This study uses microdata from official national statistics to examine the effect of the OSH regulation on the reported accidents while focusing on its severity. Accordingly, we apply a difference-in-difference assessment method where a comparable group is formed by the contemporaneous in itinere accidents (commuting), which are legally and statistically considered work-related accidents but not directly impacted by the OSH regulation, with a focus on the workplace environment. The results reveal that the nonfatal accident rate decreased after the implementation of the regulation. However, when we isolate the effect of the regulation on accidents that usually provoke hard-to-diagnose injuries (dislocations, back pain, sprains, and strains), we obtain a significant increase in the accident rate. Moral hazard mixed effects seem to have played a crucial role in these dynamics through overreporting and/or Peltzman effects, often offsetting accident reduction intended by the OSH regulation.
2023
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/117284/1/Delgado-Cubillo%26Martin-Roman%20%282023%29_MPRA.pdf
Delgado-Cubillo, Pablo and Martín-Román, Ángel L. (2023): Workers’ behavior after safety regulations: Impact evaluation of the Spanish Occupational Safety and Health Act.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:117843
2023-07-08T01:31:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/117843/
The simple answer to the Social Discount Rate question
Szekeres, Szabolcs
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
The Social Time Preference Rate (STPR) correctly measures the rate of fall of the value of future benefits, while the Social Opportunity Cost Rate (SOCR) correctly measures the cost of capital of investment projects, but neither rate can correctly compute net present values (NPV) by itself. This paper shows that there is no choice, both must be used simultaneously, a method that is equivalent to shadow pricing capital. This reconciles the two approaches, as their joint use satisfies both of their requirements. Disagreements will remain, however, as reviewed in the paper, about the value of both rates.
2023-07-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/117843/1/Simple%20Answer%20to%20SDR%20question.pdf
Szekeres, Szabolcs (2023): The simple answer to the Social Discount Rate question.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:118725
2023-09-30T03:08:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/118725/
Opportunity Cost of Capital, Marginal Cost of Funds and Numeraires in Cost-Benefit Analysis
Szekeres, Szabolcs
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
The question of choice of social discount rate, which is related to the choice of numeraire in CBA, has been unsettled for decades. The solution lies in using both the social time preference rate (STPR) and the social opportunity cost rate (SOCR) simultaneously but in different roles. There are two proposed methods of using the two rates, however, one of which places a great emphasis on the marginal cost of funds (MCF). This paper explores the interaction between these concepts using a numerical example to show how the alternative discounting methods compare and how one of them works even if the SOCR differs from the rate of fall of the value of the possible numeraires.
2023-09-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/118725/1/MPRA_paper_118725.pdf
Szekeres, Szabolcs (2023): Opportunity Cost of Capital, Marginal Cost of Funds and Numeraires in Cost-Benefit Analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:120014
2024-02-06T15:32:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/120014/
Resolving the Discounting Dilemma
Szekeres, Szabolcs
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
Social Time Preference (STP) and Social Opportunity Cost (SOC) discounting differ in their objectives, but STP discounting measures capital costs incorrectly. The two-rate discounting method proposed here corrects this error, which current methods of shadow pricing capital (SPC) don’t. Thereafter project choice discrepancies between alternative methods decrease substantially and the choice between them becomes unambiguous. The SOC rate is the hurdle feasibility rate either way. The marginal cost of public funds (MCF) correction is not an alternative to SPC correction; both must be used in conjunction when warranted. The Ramsey equation is a tautology that cannot predict the STP rate.
2024-01-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/120014/1/MPRA_paper_120014.pdf
Szekeres, Szabolcs (2024): Resolving the Discounting Dilemma.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:120058
2024-02-13T08:51:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/120058/
Opportunity Cost of Capital, Marginal Cost of Funds and Numeraires in Benefit-Cost Analysis
Szekeres, Szabolcs
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
The choice of social discount rate: social time preference rate (STPR) or social opportunity cost rate (SOCR), a long-standing dilemma, is related to the choice of BCA numeraire. A numerical example examines the consequences of discount rate choices and that of using two proposed methods of reconciling their differences. The role of the Marginal Cost of Funds and the Shadow Price of Capital are considered. While it is possible to reach analogous numerical results in any numeraire using conversion factors, the choice of numeraire should depend on the objective of the BCA performed.
2023-09-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/120058/1/MPRA_paper_120058.pdf
Szekeres, Szabolcs (2023): Opportunity Cost of Capital, Marginal Cost of Funds and Numeraires in Benefit-Cost Analysis.
en