2024-03-29T13:02:51Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1074
2019-09-29T08:34:12Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1074/
A Preliminary Investigation of The Effects of Restrictions on Medicaid Funding for Abortions on Female STD Rates
Sen, Bisakha
I10 - General
There is evidence in the economic literature that restrictions on Medicaid funding for abortion reduces the demand for abortion. The unresolved question is whether such restrictions also increase safe sex (that is, pregnancy avoidance) behavior among women. This study explores that issue using state-level gonorrhea rates among women for 1975-95. The rationale is that sexual behavior that leads to greater risk of accidental pregnancies is likely to be highly correlated with sexual behavior leading to greater risk of STD infection. Since gonorrhea has an incubation period of about a week, and is transmitted almost exclusively through sexual intercourse, a change in sexual behavior should soon be followed by a change in gonorrhea rates. The study used a partial adjustment model with lagged dependent variables estimated using Arellano-Bond’s GMM method. Results fail to find any statistically significant evidence that Medicaid funding restrictions are effective in reducing gonorrhea rates. This finding is robust to a variety of alternate specifications and tests. This suggests that restrictions on Medicaid funding for abortion fail to promote safe sex behavior among women.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1074/1/MPRA_paper_1074.pdf
Sen, Bisakha (2003): A Preliminary Investigation of The Effects of Restrictions on Medicaid Funding for Abortions on Female STD Rates. Published in: Health Economics , Vol. 12, No. 3 (2003): pp. 453-464.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1798
2019-09-26T19:30:31Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1798/
Unemployment and self-assessed health: Evidence from panel data
Böckerman, Petri
Ilmakunnas, Pekka
I10 - General
We analyse the relationship between unemployment and self-assessed health using the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for Finland over the period 1996-2001. Our results reveal that the event of becoming unemployed does not matter as such for self-assessed health. The health status of those that end up being unemployed is lower than that of the continually employed. Hence, persons who have poor health are being selected for the pool of the unemployed. This explains why, in a cross-section, unemployment is associated with poor self-assessed health. However, we are somewhat more likely to obtain the negative effects of unemployment on health when long-term unemployment is used as the measure of unemployment experience.
2007-02-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1798/1/MPRA_paper_1798.pdf
Böckerman, Petri and Ilmakunnas, Pekka (2007): Unemployment and self-assessed health: Evidence from panel data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5606
2019-09-28T19:23:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3236
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3238
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5606/
Does Working Longer Make People Healthier and Happier?
Calvo, Esteban
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
I10 - General
I12 - Health Behavior
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
J28 - Safety ; Job Satisfaction ; Related Public Policy
PURPOSE: This study addresses the impact of late-life paid work on physical and psychological well-being. METHODS: Longitudinal data was drawn from the Health and Retirement Survey and the RAND-HRS data base for more than 6,000 individuals aged 59 to 69 who were working or not-working in the year 2000 and were alive in 2002. Well-being was assessed by using a set of six measures including: self-rated health; self-rated memory; activities of daily living; instrumental activities of daily living and mood indicators. The study controls for previous well-being status in 1998 and for demographic and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS: Those who worked in 2000 tended to report greater well-being in 2002 than those who did not work in 2000, even after introducing rigorous controls (p<.01). Working in undesirable jobs changes the favorable effects of paid work on mood indicators and mortality. For those forced into retirement (20% of the sample), work is not an alternative. IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that late-life work will help most people maintain their overall well-being. While working longer seems beneficial for most people, it will likely have negative consequences for some. The type of job seems to be a critical factor. Another critical factor is the opportunity to continue working. Older workers may be willing to prolong paid work, but, in order to find a job, they need to be able to work and have a real demand for their labor. Gerontologists and policymakers need to consider these factors when evaluating proposals to keep people in the labor force.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5606/1/MPRA_paper_5606.pdf
Calvo, Esteban (2006): Does Working Longer Make People Healthier and Happier?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6093
2019-09-28T07:59:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6093/
Hospital Choice: Survey Evidence From Istanbul
Adaman, Fikret
Ardic, Oya Pinar
Erus, Burcay
Tuzemen, Didem
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
I10 - General
This paper analyzes the patient characteristics that affect the choice between public and private health care providers in Istanbul, Turkey. In addition to socioeconomic variables, such as insurance status or income, which have often been considered in the previous literature, we also focus on another factor, the availability of social networks, which might determine ease of access to hospital services in developing countries. The analysis is based on data from a household survey conducted in Istanbul. The econometric results indicate that potential social ties play an important role in choosing public health care centers over private ones for minor health problems. As public facilities have long been characterized by long waiting lines even for appointments for medical exams, this finding indicates that households who possess higher levels of social networks might be using those in easing access to public facilities.
2007-10-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6093/1/MPRA_paper_6093.pdf
Adaman, Fikret and Ardic, Oya Pinar and Erus, Burcay and Tuzemen, Didem (2007): Hospital Choice: Survey Evidence From Istanbul.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6160
2019-09-27T09:44:06Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6160/
Review of the utilization of a Portuguese public hospital
Almeida, Anabela
Serrasqueiro, Zélia
Rogeiro, Ana
I10 - General
This paper reports on some important findings of a study conducted in Covilhã/
Portugal on appropriateness of hospital admission and in-hospital days in a Portuguese
hospital using an adapted version of the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol – a
review tool for hospital utilization. This analysis showed a significant rate of
inappropriateness in admission (24, 6%) and days of stay (37, 4%) and it also suggested
a low rate of use of the override options. It was possible to identify the conservative
attitude as the most common cause of inappropriate admissions and days of stay. This
study demonstrates that a high proportion of admissions and days of stay are related
to patients who could have been attended at other levels of the health care system
such as outpatient consultations. The analysis made it possible to identify and to
explore some variables correlated to the levels of inappropriateness and to the causes
of inappropriateness or levels of health care required by the patients.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6160/1/MPRA_paper_6160.pdf
Almeida, Anabela and Serrasqueiro, Zélia and Rogeiro, Ana (2007): Review of the utilization of a Portuguese public hospital. Published in: Acta Médica Portuguesa , Vol. 19, No. II (September 2006): pp. 381-386.
pt
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6163
2019-10-05T09:55:07Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6163/
Os GDH na inapropriação de admissões e de dias de internamento
Almeida, Anabela
Rogeiro, Ana
I10 - General
Introdução
Para ganhar efectividade de gestão, os hospitais deverão adquirir a capacidade de medir o uso inapropriado de recursos, identificar as respectivas causas, para depois intervir sobre essas mesmas causas, reduzindo sistematicamente a dimensão da inapropriação. Para isso, o método mais conhecido e usado em Portugal desde meados dos anos 80 é a Revisão de Utilização, por aplicação de um instrumento de diagnóstico designado de Protocolo de Revisão de Utilização (PRU).
Revisão de Utilização pode ser definida como uma técnica para a identificar as situações e as razões pelas quais os doentes foram admitidos ou permaneceram num hospital, quando poderiam ter sido tratados em meios menos diferenciados, ou utilizando menos dias de internamento, bem como o tipo de cuidados em que o doente deveria estar integrado, de forma alternativa.
Métodos
Procedeu-se à análise da distribuição de admissões e dias de internamento segundo o GDH. Em caso de admissões inapropriadas, o PRU obriga à identificação e resolução de duas questões que se centram nas causas de inapropriação e no nível de cuidados de que o doente carece. Estas duas questões foram igualmente analisadas utilizando testes do Qui-Quadrado na tentativa de investigar a existência, ou não, de relação estatisticamente significativa entre as causas e o GDH. Aqui iremos apenas efectuar a análise das relações existente entre as admissões/dias de internamento e o GDH.
Resultados
Da amostra a considerar verificamos, que 520 das 690 observações em análise são consideradas admissões apropriadas o que corresponde a 75,4% das observações. Num total de 975 observações, 610 observações – 62,6% da amostra – remetem para internamentos apropriados, sendo que 365 observações – 37,4% da amostra – correspondem à ausência de critério e, assim, a dias de internamento inapropriados.
Com base no teste do Qui – Quadrado a um nível de significância de 5%, concluímos que não existe uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de inapropriação na admissão, o Serviço que o Doente Aguarda; as Causas da Não Prestação de Serviços e o GDH das observações.
Pelo contrário foram identificadas relações entre o GDH e as Causas das Admissões Inapropriadas; o Nível de Cuidados que o doente mais necessitava no dia da admissão; os Dias de Internamento Inapropriados; a Causa da Inapropriação do Dia de Internamento e o Nível de Cuidados que o Doente Necessita.
Conclusões
Este estudo permitiu identificar taxas elevadas de inapropriação das admissões e de dias de internamento. Ao se analisar a relação entre o GDH e as inapropriações das admissões e dos dias de internamento concluímos que: determinados GDH geram determinadas causas de Admissões Inapropriada; Determinados níveis de cuidados revelam-se mais frequentemente associados a determinados GDH; Determinados GDH geram internamentos inapropriados com maior frequência do que outros; Determinados GDH associam-se com maior probabilidade a certas causas da inapropriação do dia de internamento do que outros e que O nível de cuidados que o doente necessita depende de forma estatisticamente significativa do GDH a que se associa determinada observação.
A identificação regular destes problemas e de possíveis alternativas através do recurso ao Protocolo de Revisão de Utilização podem promover gradualmente a qualidade e eficácia em contexto hospitalar.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6163/1/MPRA_paper_6163.pdf
Almeida, Anabela and Rogeiro, Ana (2007): Os GDH na inapropriação de admissões e de dias de internamento. Published in: REVISTA DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA , Vol. 25, No. 1 (2007): p. 63.
pt
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6398
2019-09-28T18:22:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6398/
Alcohol Consumption and Sickness Absence: Evidence from Panel Data
Johansson, Edvard
Böckerman, Petri
Uutela, Antti
I10 - General
This paper examines the relationship between alcohol consumption and sickness absence. We use regional panel data from Finland over the period 1993-2005. The data on individuals’ health that we are using originates from Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Population conducted by the National Public Health Institute. The results show that alcohol consumption is associated with sickness absence, and particularly so for men. Therefore, the earlier aggregate time-series evidence from Sweden is largely confirmed in a regional panel data setting.
2007-12-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6398/1/MPRA_paper_6398.pdf
Johansson, Edvard and Böckerman, Petri and Uutela, Antti (2007): Alcohol Consumption and Sickness Absence: Evidence from Panel Data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6472
2019-09-26T20:31:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513235
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31
7375626A656374733D49:4932
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6472/
Environment, Human Development and Economic Growth after Liberalisation: An Analysis of Indian States
Mukherjee, Sacchidananda
Chakraborty, Debashis
Q50 - General
O10 - General
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q24 - Land
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q25 - Water
O1 - Economic Development
I2 - Education and Research Institutions
Q40 - General
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
I10 - General
Economic growth does not necessarily ensure environmental sustainability for a country. The relationship between the two is far more complicated for developing countries like India, given the dependence of a large section of the population on natural resources for livelihood. Under
this backdrop, the current study attempts to analyze the relationships among Environmental Quality (EQ), Human Development (HD) and Economic Growth (EG) for 14 major Indian States during post liberalisation period (1991-2004). Further, for understanding the changes in EQ with the advancement of economic liberalisation, the analysis is carried out by dividing the sample period into two: Period A (1990–1996) and Period B (1997–2004). For both the sub-periods, 63 environmental indicators have been clustered under eight broad environmental groups and an overall index of EQ using the HDI methodology. The EQ ranks of the States exhibit variation over time, implying that environment has both spatial and temporal dimensions. Ranking of the States across different environmental criteria (groups) show that different States possess different strengths and weaknesses in managing various aspects of EQ. The HDI rankings of the States for the two periods are constructed by the HDI technique following the National Human Development Report 2001 methodology. We attempt to test for the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis through multivariate OLS regression models, which indicate presence of non-linear relationship between several individual environmental groups and per capita net state domestic product (PCNSDP). The relationship between EQ and economic growth however does not become clear from the current study. The regression results involving individual environment groups and HDI score indicate a slanting N-shaped relationship. The paper concludes that individual States should adopt environmental management practices based on their local (at the most disaggregated level) environmental information. Moreover, since environmental sustainability and human well-being are complementary to each other, individual States should attempt to translate the economic growth to human well-being.
2007-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6472/1/MPRA_paper_6472.pdf
Mukherjee, Sacchidananda and Chakraborty, Debashis (2007): Environment, Human Development and Economic Growth after Liberalisation: An Analysis of Indian States.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6511
2019-10-04T09:35:03Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433539
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6511/
INFLUENCE OF INCOME AND EDUCATION ON HOUSEHOLD HEALTH EXPENDITURE: THE CASE OF TRIBAL ORISSA
Himanshu Sekhar, Rout
C59 - Other
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I10 - General
Most of the health economics researches dealt with macro aspects of it. Little attention has been given to the micro aspects of Health Economics by the researchers, government, policy makers and development planners. In this context the present study examines the effect of income and education of the household on its health expenditure based on primary data. The descriptive statistics for tribal area shows that per head income (PHI) is Rs. 5143.75 per annum with 2555.27 and 0.5 as standard deviation and coefficient variation respectively where as per head health expenditure (PHE) is Rs. 108.13 per annum with 91.36 and 0.84 as standard deviation and coefficient variation respectively. The mean education is 0.22 with 0.41 and 1.91 as standard deviation and coefficient variation respectively. To find out the impact of household income (PHI) and education of the head of the household (EDN) on the pattern of health expenditure (PHE) a linear regression model is found to be fitted as PHET = 31.37 + 0.43PHI + 0.06EDN with R2 value 0.18, which indicates that, ceteris paribus, a rupee increase income brings about forty-three paise increase health expenditure and an educated person on an average spends six paise more in a rupee than the uneducated person on health expenditure in tribal area.
2006-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6511/1/MPRA_paper_6511.pdf
Himanshu Sekhar, Rout (2006): INFLUENCE OF INCOME AND EDUCATION ON HOUSEHOLD HEALTH EXPENDITURE: THE CASE OF TRIBAL ORISSA. Published in: THE ORISSA JOURNAL OF COMMERCE , Vol. Vol. X, No. 1 (2006): pp. 133-144.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6749
2019-09-29T11:24:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6749/
What is the impact of duplicate coverage on the demand for health care in Germany?
Vargas, MH
Elhewaihi, M
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
I10 - General
Duplicate coverage involves those individuals who hold public
health insurance, and purchase additional private coverage. Using data from
the German Institute for Economic Research, we try to investigate the impact
of duplicate coverage on the demand for healthcare (measured in number of
visits to doctors). Given the simultaneity of the choices to take out additional
private health insurance coverage, we estimate a negative binomial model to
measure this impact. We also estimate a a Full Information Maximun Loglikelihood
(FIML), known as Endogenous Switching Poisson Count Model and we
compare these results with the standard maximum log likelihood (ML) estimators
of the negative binomial model. The Results show that, there is a positive
difference on the level of health services demanded when there is a duplicate
coverage. We found also that there is evidence to think that in Germany there
is a feedback between duplicate coverage and the demand of health services.
2007-11-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6749/1/MPRA_paper_6749.pdf
Vargas, MH and Elhewaihi, M (2007): What is the impact of duplicate coverage on the demand for health care in Germany?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6846
2019-09-29T04:20:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6846/
The Effect of Newer Drugs on Health Spending: Do They Really Increase the Costs?
Civan, Abdülkadir
Koksal, Bulent
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
I10 - General
We analyze the influence of technological progress on pharmaceuticals on rising health expenditures using US State level panel data. Improvements in medical technology are believed to be partly responsible for rapidly rising health expenditures. Even if the technological progress in medicine improves health outcomes and life quality, it can also increase the expenditure on health care. Our findings suggest that newer drugs increase the spending on prescription drugs since they are usually more expensive than their predecessors. However, they lower the demand for other types of medical services, which causes the total
spending to decline. A one-year decrease in the average age of prescribed drugs causes per capita health expenditures to decrease by $31.92. The biggest decline occurs in spending on hospital and home health care due to newer drugs.
2007-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6846/1/MPRA_paper_6846.pdf
Civan, Abdülkadir and Koksal, Bulent (2007): The Effect of Newer Drugs on Health Spending: Do They Really Increase the Costs?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8872
2020-06-28T12:26:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8872/
The first 100 days of COVID-19 coronavirus – How efficient did country health systems perform to flatten the curve in the first wave?
Breitenbach, Marthinus C
Ngobeni, Victor
Ayte, Goodness
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
I10 - General
In this novel paper, we make use of a non-parametric method known as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to analyse the 31 most infected countries during the first 100 days since the outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus for the efficiency in containing the spread of the virus – a question yet to be answered in the literature. Our model showed 12 of the 31 countries in our sample were efficient and 19 inefficient in the use of resources to manage the flattening of their COVID-19 contagion curves. Among the worst performers were some of the richest countries in the world, Germany, Canada, the USA and Austria, with efficiency between 50 and 60 per cent - more inefficient than Italy, France and Belgium, who were some of those hardest hit by the spread of the virus.
2020-05-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8872/1/MPRA_paper_8872.pdf
Breitenbach, Marthinus C and Ngobeni, Victor and Ayte, Goodness (2020): The first 100 days of COVID-19 coronavirus – How efficient did country health systems perform to flatten the curve in the first wave?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9053
2019-09-28T06:07:55Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9053/
Learning from the Extreme Poor: Participatory Approaches to Fostering Child Health in Madagascar
Blanchard, Caroline
Godinot, Xavier
Laureau, Chantal
Wodon, Quentin
I30 - General
I10 - General
Very poor people are often considered ignorant and even incapable of thinking, because they have had no opportunity to gain skill in expression through education. The experience of contempt and exclusion is deep among the poorest, whether they live in rich or poor countries, and it often prevents them from participating in social programs. This note provides a summary of a study on access to health care conducted by the International Movement ATD Fourth World in Madagascar, with the aim to outline the organization's approach to reaching the very poor and building projects in close partnership with them.
2007-08-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9053/1/MPRA_paper_9053.pdf
Blanchard, Caroline and Godinot, Xavier and Laureau, Chantal and Wodon, Quentin (2007): Learning from the Extreme Poor: Participatory Approaches to Fostering Child Health in Madagascar. Published in: e-Findings (World Bank Africa Region) No. 277 (1 August 2007): pp. 1-5.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9293
2019-09-30T16:36:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443433
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9293/
The Health Care Crisis in the United States: The Issues and Proposed Solutions by the 2008 Presidential Candidates
Pareto, Marcos Pompeu
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
I10 - General
The United States has state of the art technology and world renowned expertise in medical treatment, yet in terms of healthcare it shows a dramatically poor performance in relation to the other industrialized countries. This situation is surprising, since one would expect that a free market system run almost entirely by the private sector should show a much better performance.
This issue has reached the point of being one of the most important national concerns and the subject of serious political and economic arguments - not only regarding how the system should be improved, but also whether it should remain being run by the private sector under a free market approach or whether it should be run by the government and made accessible to the entire population. The first option is supported by the arguments that public initiatives often perform poorly and that free-market competition should prevail. Contrarily, the other side claims that the system is only nominally a free market, that empirical evidence shows it's not working as it should, and that other successful healthcare systems are mostly government operated.
As is stands, the health care issue acquired national importance and is presented as a major component of both presidential candidates programs, yet each favoring a different approach to improve accessibility and lower healthcare costs. Republican Senator McCain relies on improving the system by maintaining its current private enterprise, free market characteristics, while Democratic Senator Barrack Obama favours providing universal coverage and lower costs through a higher government intervention in the system. This paper examines the approaches proposed by both candidates and analyses the potential impact their plans may have on the health care system. While the lack of more detailed implementation details makes difficult accessing the effective result of each policy, the comparative review of the alternative approaches presented in this paper will help the reader to to judge for him or herself which could be the more appropriate to upgrade the system and attain a higher performance level.
2008-06-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9293/1/MPRA_paper_9293.pdf
Pareto, Marcos Pompeu (2008): The Health Care Crisis in the United States: The Issues and Proposed Solutions by the 2008 Presidential Candidates.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9945
2019-09-28T10:16:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433130
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9945/
Integrating Mental Health in Welfare Evaluation: An Empirical Application
Das, Sanghamitra
Mukhopadhyay, Abhiroop
Ray, Tridip
C10 - General
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I10 - General
This paper presents simple measures of individual and family mental health indices based on axiomatic foundations and integrates mental health into a neoclassical model that allows for proper substitution possibilities in the family preferences and quantifies its significance in family utility. We find that mental health effects are far more important than the effect of consumption or children’s schooling in determining family
utility. We illustrate the usefulness of our approach by considering the case of HIV/AIDS experience in India. Using our approach, we find that while there are no significant differences in per capita consumption and schooling between HIV and NON HIV families, the cost of HIV/AIDS are still considerably large due to the inclusion of mental health. Integrating mental health in a utility maximization framework helps us quantify these costs.
2007-08-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9945/1/MPRA_paper_9945.pdf
Das, Sanghamitra and Mukhopadhyay, Abhiroop and Ray, Tridip (2007): Integrating Mental Health in Welfare Evaluation: An Empirical Application.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9946
2019-09-28T10:16:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9946/
Negative Reality of the HIV Positives: Evaluating Welfare Loss in a Low Prevalence Country
Das, Sanghamitra
Mukhopadhyay, Abhiroop
Ray, Tridip
C10 - General
O10 - General
D10 - General
I10 - General
Using primary household data from India we estimate family utility function parameters that measure the relative importance of consumption, schooling of children and health (both physical and mental) and find that mental health is far more important than consumption or children’s schooling in determining household utility. We then estimate that the monetary equivalent of the welfare loss to an HIV family is Rs. 66,039 per month, whereas the losses to an HIV male and female are Rs. 67,601 and Rs. 65,120 per month respectively. These figures are huge given that the average per capita consumption expenditure of the families in our sample is just Rs. 1,019 per month. This huge magnitude is not surprising as it includes private valuation of one’s own life as well as the cost of stigma for being HIV positive. In addition, the annual loss from external transfers (through debt, sale of assets and social insurance) accounts for 2.6% of annual health expenditure and 0.12% of GDP in 2004. The significance of mental health in welfare evaluation can be gauged from the fact that, for an average HIV family, a whopping 74% of the welfare loss comes from aspects of mental health.
2008-02-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9946/1/MPRA_paper_9946.pdf
Das, Sanghamitra and Mukhopadhyay, Abhiroop and Ray, Tridip (2008): Negative Reality of the HIV Positives: Evaluating Welfare Loss in a Low Prevalence Country.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10176
2019-09-29T04:34:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10176/
The effects of the social norm on cigarette consumption: evidence from Japan using panel data
yamamura, eiji
I12 - Health Behavior
Z10 - General
I10 - General
Using Japan’s prefecture-level panel data from 1989-2001, this paper examines the influence of the social norm on a person’s smoking behavior when the complementary relationship between smoking and drinking is taken into account. The key findings through a dynamic panel model controlling for unobserved prefecture-specific fixed effects are as follows: (1) Influence from others is stronger when people live more closely and cohesively. A tightly knit society results in a reduction of smoking through smoking-related interaction. (2) Smoking and drinking have a complementary relationship, and it is stronger when the consumption of alcohol is greater at the start. (3) The complementary relationship between smoking and dinking is attenuated if the cost of committing the annoying conduct (i.e., smoking) is high.
Overall, this empirical study provides evidence that the psychological effect of the presence of surrounding people has a direct significant effect upon smoking behavior and, further, that it attenuates the complementary relationship between smoking and drinking, thereby reducing cigarette consumption. These results indicate that not only formal rules but also tacitly formed informal norms are effective deterrents to smoking.
2007-01-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10176/1/MPRA_paper_10176.pdf
yamamura, eiji (2007): The effects of the social norm on cigarette consumption: evidence from Japan using panel data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10556
2019-10-01T05:38:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3238
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10556/
What makes you work while you are sick? Evidence from a survey of union members
Böckerman, Petri
Laukkanen, Erkki
J28 - Safety ; Job Satisfaction ; Related Public Policy
I10 - General
We examine the prevalence of sickness absenteeism and presenteeism, using survey data covering 725 Finnish union members in 2008. Controlling for worker characteristics, we find that sickness presenteeism is much more sensitive to working-time arrangements than sickness absenteeism. Permanent full-time work, mismatch between desired and actual working hours, shift or period work and overlong working weeks increase the prevalence of sickness presenteeism. We also find an interesting trade-off between two sickness categories: regular overtime decreases sickness absenteeism, but increases sickness presenteeism. Furthermore, the adoption of three days’ paid sickness absence without a sickness certificate and the easing of efficiency demands decrease sickness presenteeism.
2008-09-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10556/1/MPRA_paper_10556.pdf
Böckerman, Petri and Laukkanen, Erkki (2008): What makes you work while you are sick? Evidence from a survey of union members.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10577
2019-09-29T12:01:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10577/
Development Targets and Efficiency in Improving Education and Health Outcomes in Mexico’s Southern States
Jayasuriya, Ruwan
Wodon, Quentin
I30 - General
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
I20 - General
I10 - General
Unlike Mexico as a whole, the south (that is, the states of Chiapas, Guerrero, and Oaxaca) may well not reach many of the MDGs. The objective of this paper is to document this assertion and discuss some of the constraints toward reaching the MDGs, as well as some initiatives recently taken to make faster progress. In the first section of the paper, we provide a brief diagnostic regarding how much
progress has already been achieved toward reaching the MDGs in Mexico as a whole and in the south, and in some cases (for example, for poverty) we estimate how much additional progress is likely to be achieved in the years ahead. Thereafter, we focus on the question of whether
improvements in efficiency in the provision of basic services would help in improving outcomes in the south, with a focus on health and education. Finally, we discuss the existing evidence on the impact that programs such as the Education, Health, and Nutrition Program (Programa de Educación, Salud y Alimentación—PROGRESA) have had on progress toward reaching some of these goals.
2003-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10577/1/MPRA_paper_10577.pdf
Jayasuriya, Ruwan and Wodon, Quentin (2003): Development Targets and Efficiency in Improving Education and Health Outcomes in Mexico’s Southern States.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10725
2019-09-30T10:33:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10725/
Technical efficiency in primary health care: does quality matter?
Murillo-Zamorano, Luis R.
Petraglia, C.
C10 - General
I10 - General
The accuracy required in the measurement of output is an issue that has as yet still not been satisfactorily addressed in empirical research on efficiency in primary health care. We exploit information retrieved from a newly constructed database (APEX06) for the Spanish region of Extremadura. The richness of our dataset allows us to consider original synthetic measures of output that take into account both the quantity and the quality of services provided by 85 primary care centres (PCCs) in 2006. We provide evidence that neglecting the issue of properly accounting for the quality of health services can lead to misleading results. Our main finding is that adjusting output for quality influences efficiency analysis in three senses. First, inefficiency now explains relatively more of the deviation from the potential output. Second, the average technical efficiency in the sector is lower, while its dispersion among PCCs is significantly higher. And third, the efficiency ranking of the PCCs is also affected.
2008-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10725/1/MPRA_paper_10725.pdf
Murillo-Zamorano, Luis R. and Petraglia, C. (2008): Technical efficiency in primary health care: does quality matter?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12382
2019-10-02T08:38:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12382/
Health care utilization and immigration in Spain
Muñoz de Bustillo, Rafael
Antón, José-Ignacio
F22 - International Migration
I10 - General
The aim of this work is to analyze the use of health care services by immigrants in Spain. Using a nationally representative health survey from 2006-2007 that allows overcoming problems present in previous studies and negative binomial and hurdle models, it is found that there is no statistically significant difference in the patterns of visits to physicians and hospital stays between migrants and natives in Spain. However, immigrants have a lower access to specialists and visit emergency rooms with higher frequency than nationals.
2009-03-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12382/1/MPRA_paper_12382.pdf
Muñoz de Bustillo, Rafael and Antón, José-Ignacio (2009): Health care utilization and immigration in Spain.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13296
2019-09-27T06:36:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13296/
The Relationships among Mortality Rates, Income and Educational Inequality in Terms of Economic Growth: A Comparison between Turkey and the Euro Area
Çoban, Serap
I30 - General
I20 - General
I10 - General
This study focuses on the relationships among mortality rates, income and educational inequality in terms of economic growth to investigate similarities and differences between the Euro Area and Turkey. For this purpose, income gini as an indicator of income inequality and education gini as an indicator of education inequality are used in the analyses. The relations among the variables are examined with panel data analysis for the Euro Area and with time series analysis for Turkey by using these coefficients and mortality rates for the period of 1980 and 2006. The results show that access to education is more important than the others for Turkey and the Euro Area. There is also a considerable relation between education inequality and mortality rates of infant and adult.
2008-07-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13296/1/MPRA_paper_13296.pdf
Çoban, Serap (2008): The Relationships among Mortality Rates, Income and Educational Inequality in Terms of Economic Growth: A Comparison between Turkey and the Euro Area.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13986
2019-09-29T00:04:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13986/
Health cost in Indonesia: evidences from IFLS and Susenas data
Sanjaya, M Ryan
I10 - General
I1 - Health
This paper is using statistical approach to measure health cost and to understand the pattern of health expenditure in Indonesia by utilizing raw data from Susenas and IFLS. From the Susenas data it was found that most households use their own income to finance health expenditure, rather than by utilizing, for example, health card or health insurance. In general, urban health expenditure in Indonesia was significantly different with their counterparts in rural areas, with average health cost is higher in urban rather than in rural. It was found also that health expenditure was moving positively in line with household expenditure. While from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) data, it was found that the share of health expenditure to total expenditure is less than those exhibited in Susenas. Transportation cost to medical facilities adds the health cost, especially to rural villagers for they had limited access to these facilities. Despite using two databases in conducting the research, results obtained should not be compared directly, for each has different methods and time period where the surveys conducted.
2007-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13986/1/MPRA_paper_13986.pdf
Sanjaya, M Ryan (2007): Health cost in Indonesia: evidences from IFLS and Susenas data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14640
2019-09-28T23:59:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433530
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14640/
Determinants of Food Acceptance and Micro-Nutrient Deficiency in Preschoolers: A Case Study of Households from Karachi, Pakistan
Subzwari, Zammurud
Hasnain, Abid
Ali, Muhammad
C50 - General
A10 - General
I10 - General
This study attempts to find out the determinants of food acceptance and micro-nutrient deficiency in preschool children from Karachi, Pakistan. Primary data was collected through survey from 400 households by interviewing and filling up the questionnaire. Index for food acceptance and micro-nutrient deficiency were constructed with the help of related questions from the questionnaire. Econometric models
were developed and Logit techniques was employed to estimate probability of end indicator. Our results
show that increase Micro-Nutrient Deficiency (MND) may cause lower level of Food Acceptance and vice versa. On the other hand, modeling food acceptance may indicate higher level of MND among preschoolers reduce the acceptance level of appropriate food. Other important variables like Household Income, Mother’s Literacy and Mother’s Maternal Knowledge showed significant effects and appropriate signs of coefficients as per expectations. On the basis of these findings, if government targets the core independent variables that are identified in the analysis, Food Acceptance level can be increased amongst the children and Micro- Nutrient Deficiency could then be reduced. Consequently government intervention, both long term and short term are needed to provide and regulate the food acceptance behavior either at household level or at other
form so that our generation could be healthier and more productive which would lead the economic growth of a country which is abundant in labor.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14640/1/MPRA_paper_14640.pdf
Subzwari, Zammurud and Hasnain, Abid and Ali, Muhammad (2008): Determinants of Food Acceptance and Micro-Nutrient Deficiency in Preschoolers: A Case Study of Households from Karachi, Pakistan. Published in: Pakistan Journal of Nutrition , Vol. 8, No. 4 (2009): pp. 321-326.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15370
2019-10-04T06:57:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3132
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15370/
Ageing, marital status and its health implications: evidences from India
Pandey, Manoj K.
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
J12 - Marriage ; Marital Dissolution ; Family Structure ; Domestic Abuse
C31 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions ; Social Interaction Models
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
I10 - General
The paper examines the association between marital status and self-reported health status of Indian men and women of different ages. Estimation results reveal linkages between marital status and health and show that this relationship is sensitive to the age and gender. Based on findings, the paper argues that a specific marital status in a particular stage of life could be an important target group for health policy intervention.
2008-10-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15370/1/MPRA_paper_15370.pdf
Pandey, Manoj K. (2008): Ageing, marital status and its health implications: evidences from India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15405
2019-09-27T19:50:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3132
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15405/
Ageing, marital status and its health implications: evidences from India
Pandey, Manoj K.
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
J12 - Marriage ; Marital Dissolution ; Family Structure ; Domestic Abuse
C31 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions ; Social Interaction Models
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
I10 - General
The paper examines the association between marital status and self-reported health status of Indian men and women of different ages. Estimation results reveal linkages between marital status and health and show that this relationship is sensitive to the age and gender. Based on findings, the paper argues that a specific marital status in a particular stage of life could be an important target group for health policy intervention.
2008-10-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15405/1/MPRA_paper_15405.pdf
Pandey, Manoj K. (2008): Ageing, marital status and its health implications: evidences from India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15479
2019-09-27T00:29:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15479/
Access to primary care and workers’ opportunity costs. Evidence from Italy
De Luca, Giuliana
Ponzo, Michela
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J20 - General
I10 - General
This paper explores whether and to which extent employment condition and working hours influence individuals’ decision process in consuming primary care. The hypothesis is that the higher the workers’ opportunity cost in terms of earning forgone, the less the demand for General Practitioner (GP) visits.
Data used in the analysis come from the 2004/2005 “Health conditions and recourse to health services” survey provided by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). We apply a negative binomial regression to model the relationship between the number of GP visits and employment related variables, controlling for a rich set of individual demographic characteristics, socio-economic variables, health status, supply and geographical factors.
We show that self-employed workers, managers and cadres use significantly less primary care services notwithstanding the access is free. We interpret these findings as being due to the fact that these type of workers have higher opportunity costs than white and blue collars, since they suffer more from the loss of earnings related to the absence from work
2009-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15479/1/MPRA_paper_15479.pdf
De Luca, Giuliana and Ponzo, Michela (2009): Access to primary care and workers’ opportunity costs. Evidence from Italy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15923
2019-09-28T10:33:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3132
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15923/
Association between marital status and health: examining the role of age and gender
Pandey, Manoj K.
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
J12 - Marriage ; Marital Dissolution ; Family Structure ; Domestic Abuse
C31 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions ; Social Interaction Models
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
I10 - General
The paper examines the association between marital status and self-reported health status of Indian adults. A nationally representative cross-sectional data surveyed by National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) in 2004 is used. Results confirm linkages between marital status and health and show that this relationship is sensitive to the age and gender. Based on findings, the paper argues that the implication of marital status on health could be different for adults of different age group and gender.
2008-10-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15923/1/MPRA_paper_15923.pdf
Pandey, Manoj K. (2008): Association between marital status and health: examining the role of age and gender.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15929
2019-09-28T02:48:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3132
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15929/
Association between marital status and health: examining the role of age and gender
Pandey, Manoj K.
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
J12 - Marriage ; Marital Dissolution ; Family Structure ; Domestic Abuse
C31 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions ; Social Interaction Models
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
I10 - General
The paper examines the association between marital status and self-reported health status of Indian adults. A nationally representative cross-sectional data surveyed by National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) in 2004 is used. Results confirm linkages between marital status and health and show that this relationship is sensitive to the age and gender. Based on findings, the paper argues that the implication of marital status on health could be different for adults of different age group and gender.
2008-10-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15929/1/MPRA_paper_15929.pdf
Pandey, Manoj K. (2008): Association between marital status and health: examining the role of age and gender.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16095
2019-09-29T04:24:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483430
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16095/
La valutazione della didattica e della ricerca medica: esperienze a confronto
Cavalieri, Marina
Mangano, Alfia
H40 - General
I10 - General
In medical faculties, teaching and research are carried out together with patient health care. A large body of literature has empirically studied the effects of these joint academic activities, especially in terms of higher hospital costs and better quality of care. An appropriate definition and evaluation of the outputs provided by these institutions and their interactions is crucial to design an efficient and equitable financing scheme. This paper aims at analyzing different methodological approaches which can be used to evaluate medical teaching and research. Some evaluation experiences of both Italian and international institutions are described and critically apprised. The comparative analysis reveals that none of the systems is immune to criticism. Hence, the importance of adopting multiple evaluation methods involving subjective and objective measures as well as qualitative and quantitative approaches.
2009-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16095/1/MPRA_paper_16095.pdf
Cavalieri, Marina and Mangano, Alfia (2009): La valutazione della didattica e della ricerca medica: esperienze a confronto.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16210
2019-09-26T20:35:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16210/
Better Health and Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) from a global, regional and local economic perspective
Eberhard, Birgid
Fachinger, Uwe
Henke, Klaus-Dirk
I10 - General
Assisting technologies aim to provide more support in the meeting of one's daily needs and the preservation of one's autonomy and quality of life.
Continual developments in medicine, medical equipment, nursing and medical care are assumed to lead to new types of care being created. A high degree of social and economic relevance has been attributed to assisting technologies, as well as information and communication systems, by scientists and politicians alike, particularly in connection with the development, promotion and organization of so-called senior-friendly environments and with ambient assisted living (AAL).
2009-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16210/2/MPRA_paper_16210.pdf
Eberhard, Birgid and Fachinger, Uwe and Henke, Klaus-Dirk (2009): Better Health and Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) from a global, regional and local economic perspective.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16862
2019-09-29T04:42:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3433
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16862/
Disease, Institutions and Underdevelopment
Hasan, Lubna
O43 - Institutions and Growth
I10 - General
What explains poverty of Sub Saharan Africa and South Asia? One view holds the disease environment of these regions as the primary culprit. Others see it as a typical symptom of growth retarding institutions. We test validity of these competing assertions for a cross section of countries. Our results indicate that institutions are the prime determinant of economic performance of countries. Disease does not play a significant role in determining outcomes. On the contrary, we find support for the indirect effect of disease via institutions, as asserted by the 'institutions school'. Interestingly, the 'institutions school' contention about geography having no direct effect on income is also not validated. Our results show that being land locked can pose significant disadvantage for a country. Endowment of hydrocarbon, however, is beneficial for economic outcomes.
2009-08-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16862/1/MPRA_paper_16862.pdf
Hasan, Lubna (2009): Disease, Institutions and Underdevelopment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17067
2019-09-28T16:38:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17067/
Predictors of sickness absence and presenteeism: Does the pattern differ by a respondent’s health?
Böckerman, Petri
Laukkanen, Erkki
I10 - General
Objectives: We examine the predictors of sickness presenteeism in comparison with sickness absenteeism. The paper focuses on the effects of working-time match and efficiency demands and differentiates the estimates by a respondent’s self-assessed health. Methods: We use survey data covering 884 Finnish trade union members in 2009. We estimate logit models. All models include control variables such as the sector of the economy and the type of contract.
Results: Working-time match between desired and actual weekly working hours reduces both sickness absence and presenteeism in the whole sample that consists of workers with all health levels. The point estimates reveal that working-time match decreases the prevalence of sickness absence by 7% and presenteeism by 8%. However, the estimates that differentiate by a respondent’s health show that this pattern prevails only for those workers who have poor health. Hence, the point estimates for those who have poor health are much larger than the ones for the whole sample. Working-time match reduces the prevalence of sickness absence by 21% and presenteeism by 20% for those workers who have poor health. In contrast, working-time match has no influence whatsoever on the prevalence of work-related sickness for those who have good health. We also find that efficiency demands increase presenteeism in the whole sample. However, additional results reveal that this pattern prevails only for those workers who have good health. Conclusions: The effects of working-time match and efficiency demands on the prevalence of sickness absence and presenteeism are strongly conditional upon a worker’s self-assessed health level. Therefore, the worker’s initial health is an important attribute that has to be taken into account when one is designing appropriate policies to reduce sickness absence and presenteeism.
2009-09-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17067/1/MPRA_paper_17067.pdf
Böckerman, Petri and Laukkanen, Erkki (2009): Predictors of sickness absence and presenteeism: Does the pattern differ by a respondent’s health?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17090
2019-09-27T16:56:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3433
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17090/
Disease, Institutions and Underdevelopment
Hasan, Lubna
O43 - Institutions and Growth
I10 - General
What explains poverty of Sub Saharan Africa and South Asia? One view holds the disease environment of these regions as the primary culprit. Others see it as a typical symptom of growth retarding institutions. We test validity of these competing assertions for a cross section of countries. Our results indicate that institutions are the prime determinant of economic performance of countries. Disease does not play a significant role in determining outcomes. On the contrary, we find support for the indirect effect of disease via institutions, as asserted by the 'institutions school'. Interestingly, the 'institutions school' contention about geography having no direct effect on income is also not validated. Our results show that being land locked can pose significant disadvantage for a country. Endowment of hydrocarbon, however, is beneficial for economic outcomes.
2009-08-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17090/1/MPRA_paper_17090.pdf
Hasan, Lubna (2009): Disease, Institutions and Underdevelopment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17207
2019-09-29T22:25:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513233
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D49:4930
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513235
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D51:5130
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17207/
Is there any relationship between Environmental Quality Index, Human Development Index and Economic Growth? Evidences from Indian States
Mukherjee, Sacchidananda
Chakraborty, Debashis
Q50 - General
E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
Q23 - Forestry
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
I20 - General
I0 - General
O10 - General
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
Q24 - Land
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q25 - Water
O40 - General
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
Q0 - General
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
I10 - General
Economic growth does not necessarily ensure environmental sustainability for a country. The relationship between the two is far more complicated for developing countries like India, given the dependence of a large section of the population on natural resources. Under this backdrop, the current study attempts to analyze the relationships among Environmental Quality (EQ), Human Development (HD) and Economic Growth (EG) for 14 major Indian States during post liberalisation period (1991-2004). Further, for understanding the changes in EQ with the advancement of economic liberalisation, the analysis is carried out by dividing the sample period into two: Period A (1990–1996) and Period B (1997–2004). For both the sub-periods, 63 environmental indicators have been clustered under eight broad environmental groups and an overall index of EQ has been constructed using the HDI methodology. The EQ ranks of the States exhibit variation over time, implying that environment has both spatial and temporal dimensions. Ranking of the States across different environmental criteria (groups) show that different States possess different strengths and weaknesses in managing various aspects of EQ. The HDI rankings of the States for the two periods are constructed by the HDI technique following the National Human Development Report 2001 methodology. We attempt to test for the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis through multivariate OLS regression models, which indicate presence of non-linear relationship between several individual environmental groups and per capita net state domestic product. The relationship between EQ and economic growth however does not become clear from the current study. The regression results involving individual environmental groups and HDI score indicate a slanting N-shaped relationship. The paper concludes that individual States should adopt environmental management practices based on their local (at the most disaggregated level) environmental information. Moreover, since environmental sustainability and human well-being are complementary to each other, individual States should attempt to translate the economic growth to human well-being.
2009-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17207/1/MPRA_paper_17207.pdf
Mukherjee, Sacchidananda and Chakraborty, Debashis (2009): Is there any relationship between Environmental Quality Index, Human Development Index and Economic Growth? Evidences from Indian States.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17739
2019-09-27T10:31:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3130
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433730
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17739/
Informal Caring-Time and Caregiver Satisfaction
Marcén, Miriam
Molina, José Alberto
J10 - General
C70 - General
I10 - General
We study the effect that the care decision process has on the amount of caring-time and on informal caregiver satisfaction. We develop a theoretical framework in which we compare three two-stage sequential games, each of which corresponds to a different care decision (family, caregiver, and recipient). We find cases of overprovision of informal care in both the family and the recipient decision models, since the caregiver is obliged to spend more time than he/she would prefer. We then use the Spanish Survey of Informal Assistance for the Elderly (2004) to study the relationship between the care decision processes and the time that informal caregivers devote to care activities, with the results confirming our theoretical hypotheses. We also find that different care decision processes imply differences in the informal caregivers' satisfaction, with intensive caregivers being less likely to have greater satisfaction.
2009-10-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17739/1/MPRA_paper_17739.pdf
Marcén, Miriam and Molina, José Alberto (2009): Informal Caring-Time and Caregiver Satisfaction.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17816
2019-09-28T01:00:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17816/
Poverty and Health in India: A Comparative Study about Pre-Reform and Post-Reform Periods
sarvalingam, a
sivakumar, marimuthu
I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
D60 - General
I10 - General
I1 - Health
In India, Economic Reforms has been explicitly started in 1991. Even with some controversy in the initial period now it intruded in almost all the sectors. At present days economic reforms is mingled with every sphere of economic activities. But the effects of economic reforms are highly debatable.Social sector is an important ingredient for over all development of a country. Development of social sector reveals the standard of living of people as well as the volume and potential of human resource in a country. Hence the analysis of economic reforms and its impact on social sector is imperative.
This paper analysis poverty and health status during pre-reforms and post-reforms periods and compare them to find out that during which period the decrease in poverty and the increase in health status are better. For the analysis of poverty, people living below poverty line and for health status analysis life expectancy at birth and infant mortality are used in this study.
2009-10-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17816/1/MPRA_paper_17816.pdf
sarvalingam, a and sivakumar, marimuthu (2009): Poverty and Health in India: A Comparative Study about Pre-Reform and Post-Reform Periods.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17847
2019-09-27T10:53:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443130
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17847/
Social effect and female genital mutilation (FGM)
OUEDRAOGO, Salmata
C13 - Estimation: General
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
D10 - General
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
I10 - General
In this article we attempt to identify the impact of social effects on the decision to practice excision on girls, based on the methodology used by Bertrand, Luttmer and Mallainathan (2000). We are particularly interested in social determinants, and make use of the heterogeneity of behaviors according to area of residence, ethnicity
and religion. We focus on the interaction between the density and the quality of contacts to infer a social network. We use the percentage of individuals of the same
ethnic group and religion, living in the same survey area, to measure the quantity of contacts, and the percentage of excised women of the same ethnic group and religion
to measure the quality of contacts. To implement our trials, we use data from the Burkina Faso's Demographic and Health Surveys 2003, which supplies information on the prevalence of female genital mutilation (FGM) and on the characteristics of Burkina Faso households. Our results show that social pressure is strongly correlated to the
decision to practice excision in Burkina Faso households.
2008-03-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17847/1/MPRA_paper_17847.pdf
OUEDRAOGO, Salmata (2008): Social effect and female genital mutilation (FGM).
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19689
2019-09-27T23:48:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19689/
Value Creation in Health Care: The Case of the Princesse Grace Hospital (CHPG) Monaco
Böbel, Ingo
Martis, Amrita
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I10 - General
Health care has to make transitions to be truly effective in the modern world. A change in
paradigm is needed. This requires that value - defined as the health outcome for a particular
medical condition per unit of cost expended - must be applied and added to health care, and
health care itself must be treated as a business that performs in a competitive environment to
ultimately provide client or customer satisfaction.
Health care today is typically service specific, necessitating that the client or patient visits
different medical or clinical departments to get the range of treatment prescribed for his/her
condition. We argue – following Porter and Teisberg - that health care should be patient-centric
and that organization and treatment should be planned accordingly. Such planning must take
into account the provision of a range of services directly accessible or networked regionally
taking full advantage of technological advances in the field of medical technology and
informational systems.
We examine whether such principles are currently being applied in Monaco (specifically in the
Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace) taking into account both Monaco’s unique positioning and
its geographical context in relation to the French health system as well as the resulting
interaction in networking relationships. We explore how value in healthcare is currently being
added and investigate plans for augmenting such efforts. Aspects of preventative and innovative
initiatives are also discussed as a means of enhancing value.
Finally, we offer a set of recommendations that in the context of the local situation might be
successfully applied. Continuous review of performance and the application of best practice and
technologies are proposed to ensure that the provision of health care services can compete with
the best in the world.
2009-12-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19689/1/MPRA_paper_19689.pdf
Böbel, Ingo and Martis, Amrita (2009): Value Creation in Health Care: The Case of the Princesse Grace Hospital (CHPG) Monaco.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20108
2019-10-04T04:37:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20108/
Does physical capacity explain the height premium?
Böckerman, Petri
Johansson, Edvard
Kiiskinen, Urpo
Heliövaara, Markku
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J23 - Labor Demand
I10 - General
The paper examines the role of physical capacity in the determination of the height premium by using the “Health 2000 in Finland” data that contain both self-reported information on the physical strenuousness of work, and information on muscle mass from medical examinations. Our results show that the height premium does not vary according to the physical strenuousness of work. We also find that muscle mass is not related to wages. Furthermore, we observe that the shortest men do physically very demanding work and the tallest do sedentary work, even after controlling for the effects of age and education.
2010-01-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20108/1/MPRA_paper_20108.pdf
Böckerman, Petri and Johansson, Edvard and Kiiskinen, Urpo and Heliövaara, Markku (2010): Does physical capacity explain the height premium?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20777
2019-09-27T01:53:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20777/
The effects of the social norm on cigarette consumption: evidence from Japan using panel data
Yamamura, Eiji
I12 - Health Behavior
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
I10 - General
Using Japan’s prefecture-level panel data from 1989-2001, this paper examines the influence of the social norm on a person’s smoking behavior when the complementary relationship between smoking and drinking is taken into account. The key findings through a dynamic panel model controlling for unobserved prefecture-specific fixed effects are as follows: (1) Influence from others is stronger when people live more closely and cohesively. A tightly knit society results in a reduction of smoking through smoking-related interaction. (2) Smoking and drinking have a complementary relationship: greater initial consumption of alcohol results in larger consumption of cigarettes. (3) The complementary relationship between smoking and dinking is attenuated if the cost of committing the annoying conduct (i.e., smoking) is high.
Overall, this empirical study provides evidence that the psychological effect of the presence of surrounding people has a direct significant effect upon smoking behavior and, furthermore, that it attenuates the complementary relationship between smoking and drinking, thereby reducing cigarette consumption. These results indicate that not only formal rules but also tacitly formed informal norms are effective deterrents to smoking.
2010-02-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20777/1/MPRA_paper_20777.pdf
Yamamura, Eiji (2010): The effects of the social norm on cigarette consumption: evidence from Japan using panel data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20926
2019-09-28T04:32:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20926/
Labour Market, Obesity and Public Policy Considerations
Eleftheriou, Konstantinos
Athanasiou, George
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
I10 - General
This paper attempts to investigate the relation among wages, unemployment and obesity and to identify public policies to address the problem of over-weightness. To this purpose, a simple search and matching model of labour market is developed. Our framework tries to capture the relationship between obesity and employment/unemployment by assuming that the fraction of obese workers is a function of the ratio of vacant jobs to unemployment (labour market tightness). We argue that if obesity is positively related with employment, then social optimality dictates the imposition of a lump-sum tax on all individuals. In the opposite case a subsidy should be given.
2010-02-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20926/1/MPRA_paper_20926.pdf
Eleftheriou, Konstantinos and Athanasiou, George (2010): Labour Market, Obesity and Public Policy Considerations.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21251
2019-09-27T05:48:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21251/
The joint effect of human capital and income inequalities on HIV/AIDS prevalence: An exploratory investigation
Annim, Samuel Kobina
Dasmani, Isaac
I12 - Health Behavior
I10 - General
The evidence of higher income inequality leading to increased HIV prevalence through channels of coercion and migration has emerged. This coupled with previously established macroeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS connotes reverse causality that is likely to develop a cyclical effect. The plausible cyclicality can be identified through the mergence of a three stage relationship. Initially from income inequality to HIV prevalence; then from HIV prevalence to reduced human capital formation and subsequently generating human capital inequality via reduced investment in human capital of affected households and back to income inequality. We hypothesize that the effect of this plausible cyclicality is likely to increase the effect of income inequality on HIV prevalence. Our aim is to assess the effect of productivity gaps measured by human capital dispersion on the relationship between income inequality and HIV prevalence. Deriving 1999 dataset on human capital dispersion which is measured by years of schooling, quality of school system and rates of return for 99 countries, we estimate its linear dependence effect with income inequality on HIV prevalence. We find a more significant and increased effect of income inequality on HIV prevalence of more than three times. This study sets the platform for using current datasets and generates a policy discussion for addressing productivity gaps as one of HIV/AIDS interventions.
2010-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21251/1/MPRA_paper_21251.pdf
Annim, Samuel Kobina and Dasmani, Isaac (2010): The joint effect of human capital and income inequalities on HIV/AIDS prevalence: An exploratory investigation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21813
2019-10-09T21:19:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21813/
The effects of the social norm on cigarette consumption: evidence from Japan using panel data
Yamamura, Eiji
I12 - Health Behavior
Z10 - General
I10 - General
Using Japan’s prefecture-level panel data from 1989-2001, this paper examines the influence of the social norm on a person’s smoking behavior when the complementary relationship between smoking and drinking is taken into account. The key findings through a dynamic panel model controlling for unobserved prefecture-specific fixed effects are as follows: (1) Influence from others is stronger when people live more closely and cohesively. A tightly knit society results in a reduction of smoking through smoking-related interaction. (2) Smoking and drinking have a complementary relationship: greater initial consumption of alcohol results in larger consumption of cigarettes. (3) The complementary relationship between smoking and drinking is attenuated if the cost of committing the annoying conduct (i.e., smoking) is high.
Overall, this empirical study provides evidence that the psychological effect of the presence of surrounding people has a direct significant effect upon smoking behavior and, furthermore, that it attenuates the complementary relationship between smoking and drinking, thereby reducing cigarette consumption. These results indicate that not only formal rules but also tacitly formed informal norms are effective deterrents to smoking.
2010-04-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21813/1/MPRA_paper_21813.pdf
Yamamura, Eiji (2010): The effects of the social norm on cigarette consumption: evidence from Japan using panel data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22327
2019-10-02T04:43:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433135
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22327/
Health Expenditures in Greece: A Multiple Least Squares Regression and Cointegration Analysis Using Bootstrap Simulation in EVIEWS
Giovanis, Eleftherios
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
I10 - General
This paper examines the factors that are contributing at the most explained and efficient way to health expenditures in Greece. Two methods are applied. Multiple regressions and vector error correction models are estimated, as also unit root tests applied to define in which order variables are stationary. Because the available data are yearly and capture a small period from 1985-2006, so the sample is small, a bootstrap simulation is applied, to improve the estimations.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22327/1/MPRA_paper_22327.pdf
Giovanis, Eleftherios (2009): Health Expenditures in Greece: A Multiple Least Squares Regression and Cointegration Analysis Using Bootstrap Simulation in EVIEWS.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23203
2019-09-26T11:24:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433837
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23203/
Estimating ordered categorical variables using panel data: a generalized ordered probit model with an autofit procedure
Pfarr, Christian
Schmid, Andreas
Schneider, Udo
C87 - Econometric Software
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
I10 - General
Estimation procedures for ordered categories usually assume that the estimated coefficients of independent variables do not vary between the categories (parallel-lines assumption). This view neglects possible heterogeneous effects of some explaining factors. This paper describes the use of an autofit option for identifying variables that meet the parallel-lines assumption when estimating a random effects generalized ordered probit model. We combine the test procedure developed by Richard Williams (gologit2) with the random effects estimation command regoprob by Stefan Boes.
2010-06-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23203/1/MPRA_paper_23203.pdf
Pfarr, Christian and Schmid, Andreas and Schneider, Udo (2010): Estimating ordered categorical variables using panel data: a generalized ordered probit model with an autofit procedure.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23744
2019-09-28T17:29:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23744/
Food Prices and Overweight Patterns in Italy
Pieroni, Luca
Lanari, Donatella
Salmasi, Luca
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I10 - General
In this paper we examine the role of relative food prices in determining the recent increase
in body weight in Italy. Cross-price elasticities of unhealthy and healthy foods estimated
by a demand system provide a consistent framework to evaluate substitution effects, when a
close association is assumed between unhealthy (healthy) foods and more (less) energy-dense
foods. We used a dataset constructed from a series of cross-sections of the Italian Household
Budget Survey (1997-2005) to obtain the variables of the demand system, which accounts for
regional price variability. The relative increase of healthy food prices was found to produce
nontrivial elasticities of substitution towards higher relative consumption of unhealthy foods,
with effects on weight outcomes. In addition, these changes were unevenly distributed among
individuals and were particularly significant for those who were poorer and had less education.
2010-07-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23744/1/MPRA_paper_23744.pdf
Pieroni, Luca and Lanari, Donatella and Salmasi, Luca (2010): Food Prices and Overweight Patterns in Italy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24181
2019-09-29T06:35:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433837
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24181/
Estimating ordered categorical variables using panel data: a generalized ordered probit model with an autofit procedure
Pfarr, Christian
Schmid, Andreas
Schneider, Udo
C87 - Econometric Software
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
I10 - General
Estimation procedures for ordered categories usually assume that the estimated coefficients of independent variables do not vary between the categories (parallel-lines assumption). This view neglects possible heterogeneous effects of some explaining factors. This paper describes the use of an autofit option for identifying variables that meet the parallel-lines assumption when estimating a random effects generalized ordered probit model. We combine the test procedure developed by Richard Williams (gologit2) with the random effects estimation command regoprob by Stefan Boes.
2010-06-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24181/1/MPRA_paper_24181.pdf
Pfarr, Christian and Schmid, Andreas and Schneider, Udo (2010): Estimating ordered categorical variables using panel data: a generalized ordered probit model with an autofit procedure.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24201
2019-09-28T16:39:43Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24201/
Primary care utilisation and workers’ opportunity costs. Evidence from Italy
De Luca, Giuliana
Ponzo, Michela
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J20 - General
I10 - General
This paper analyses the effects of employment condition and work hours on the
utilisation of primary care services in Italy. Although the Italian NHS provides free and
equitable access to primary care, type of occupation and labour contracts may still deter
workers to attend medical appointments. The hypothesis is that the higher the workers’
opportunity cost in terms of earning forgone, the less the demand for General Practitioner
(GP) visits. Using survey data provided by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT),
we estimate a negative binomial model of GP visits as a function of employment related
variables, individual characteristics, supply factors and geographical effects. We find that selfemployed
workers, managers and cadres have relatively low demand compared to white and
blue collars. We conclude that the former, bearing higher opportunity costs, suffer more from
the loss of earnings related to the absence from work than the latter.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24201/1/MPRA_paper_24201.pdf
De Luca, Giuliana and Ponzo, Michela (2009): Primary care utilisation and workers’ opportunity costs. Evidence from Italy. Forthcoming in: (2010)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24393
2019-09-27T13:42:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433335
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24393/
Accesibilidad al régimen contributivo de salud en Colombia: caso de la población rural migrante.
Arroyo, Santiago
Tovar, Luís
J60 - General
C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions
I10 - General
The objective of this document is to analyze the determinants of the probability that the migrant rural population colombian, will acceded to the contributing regime of health in 2006. We consider a logit model and
data of the Encuesta Continua de Hogares, which is applied by the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). The model contains variables such as: sex, age, civil state, head of household, education,education of the head of household and reason of the migration.
All the variables including in the model turned out to be signicant. In agreement with the results, to have more years of approved education, to be man, and to be married or in free union they generate a positive effect on the probability of being aliate to the contributing regime of
health. Of another side, an increase in the age, being head of household or migrated for involuntary reasons aects the probability that negatively the migrant ones of the countryside accede to the contributing regime.
2009-09-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24393/1/MPRA_paper_24393.pdf
Arroyo, Santiago and Tovar, Luís (2009): Accesibilidad al régimen contributivo de salud en Colombia: caso de la población rural migrante. Published in: Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad , Vol. 64, No. 0120-3584 (17 December 2009): pp. 153-172.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24626
2019-10-01T04:46:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433532
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24626/
Multidimensional health modeling: Association between socioeconomic and psychosocial factors and health in Latvia
Irina, Mozhaeva
C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I10 - General
This research aims at estimating impact of socioeconomic and psychosocial factors on health outcomes in Latvia. We find empirical support for the association between psychosocial factors and health.
This paper proposes new approach for modeling health. We find that concept of health is too complicated to measure effects of health determinants using a one-dimensional model. We apply two-dimensional stereotype logistic model that allows capturing nonmonotonicity in effects of latent factors and revealing significant effects that would remain unseen if single dimension models, such as ordered logit or probit, were used.
2009-10-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24626/4/MPRA_paper_24626.pdf
Irina, Mozhaeva (2009): Multidimensional health modeling: Association between socioeconomic and psychosocial factors and health in Latvia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24853
2019-09-29T20:06:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24853/
Are Pregnant Women Happier? Racial Differences in the Relationsip Between Pregnancy and Life Satisfaction
Paul, Hagstrom
Stephen, Wu
J10 - General
I10 - General
This paper uses data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to study the relationship between pregnancy and life satisfaction for women of childbearing age. The results show strong differences by race. Pregnancy has the strongest positive correlation with happiness for Whites, a smaller but still statistically significant positive correlation for Hispanics, and no relationship for Blacks. The results cannot be explained by differences in other demographics such age, income, education, or marital status. Within each racial group, the results hold across different categories for all these characteristics. There is evidence that racial differences in the effects of pregnancy on emotional and social support from others can partly explain this result.
2010-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24853/1/MPRA_paper_24853.pdf
Paul, Hagstrom and Stephen, Wu (2010): Are Pregnant Women Happier? Racial Differences in the Relationsip Between Pregnancy and Life Satisfaction.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25048
2019-10-02T22:15:52Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25048/
Primary care utilisation and workers’ opportunity costs. Evidence from Italy
De Luca, Giuliana
Ponzo, Michela
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J20 - General
I10 - General
This paper analyses the effects of employment condition and work hours on the utilisation of primary care services in Italy. Although the Italian NHS provides free and equitable access to primary care, type of occupation and labour contracts may still deter workers to attend medical appointments. The hypothesis is that the higher the workers’
opportunity cost in terms of earning forgone, the less the demand for General Practitioner (GP) visits. Using survey data provided by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), we estimate a negative binomial model of GP visits as a function of employment related variables, individual characteristics, supply factors and geographical effects. We find that selfemployed workers, managers and cadres have relatively low demand compared to white and
blue collars. We conclude that the former, bearing higher opportunity costs, suffer more from the loss of earnings related to the absence from work than the latter.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25048/1/MPRA_paper_25048.pdf
De Luca, Giuliana and Ponzo, Michela (2009): Primary care utilisation and workers’ opportunity costs. Evidence from Italy. Forthcoming in: (2010)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25324
2019-09-28T18:45:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25324/
Working Yourself to Death? The Relationship Between Work Hours and Obesity
Courtemanche, Charles
I10 - General
Work hours may affect obesity if reduced leisure time decreases exercise and causes substitution from meals prepared at home to fast food and pre-prepared processed food. Additional work by adults may also impact child weight by reducing parental supervision. I find that a rise in work hours increases one's weight and, to a lesser extent, the weight of one's spouse. Mothers', but not fathers', work hours affect child weight. I also find
that a rise in work hours is associated with a decrease in exercise and an increase in purchasing food prepared away from home. My estimates imply that changes in labor force participation account for 6% and 10% of the growth in adult and childhood obesity in recent decades.
2008-04-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25324/1/MPRA_paper_25324.pdf
Courtemanche, Charles (2008): Working Yourself to Death? The Relationship Between Work Hours and Obesity.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26146
2019-09-26T13:58:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26146/
Endogenous fertility, endogenous lifetime and economic growth: the role of child policies
Fanti, Luciano
Gori, Luca
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
O40 - General
I10 - General
We examine the effects of child policies on both the transitional dynamics and long-run demo-economic outcomes in the conventional overlapping generations model of neoclassical growth extended with endogenous longevity and endogenous fertility. The government invests in public health (Chakraborty, 2004) and the individual survival probability at the end of youth depends on health expenditure through an S-shaped longevity function. This may give rise to four steady states and, hence, development traps are possible. However, poverty or prosperity may not depend on initial conditions, while being the result of a child policy design. In particular, a child tax can be used to effectively allow those economies that were entrapped into poverty to prosper irrespective of where they start from.
2010-10-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26146/1/MPRA_paper_26146.pdf
Fanti, Luciano and Gori, Luca (2010): Endogenous fertility, endogenous lifetime and economic growth: the role of child policies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26147
2019-09-29T04:11:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26147/
Endogenous fertility and development traps with endogenous lifetime
Fanti, Luciano
Gori, Luca
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
O40 - General
I10 - General
We extend the literature on endogenous lifetime and economic growth by Chakraborty (2004) and Bunzel and Qiao (2005) to endogenous fertility. It is shown that development traps due to under investments in health can never appear when fertility is an economic decision variable.
2010-10-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26147/1/MPRA_paper_26147.pdf
Fanti, Luciano and Gori, Luca (2010): Endogenous fertility and development traps with endogenous lifetime.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26158
2019-09-27T13:16:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453635
7375626A656374733D44:4439:443931
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443532
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453231
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26158/
Quantitative Analysis of Health Insurance Reform: Separating Community Rating from Income Redistribution
Pashchenko, Svetlana
Porapakkarm, Ponpoje
E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
D91 - Intertemporal Household Choice ; Life Cycle Models and Saving
D52 - Incomplete Markets
E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth
I10 - General
Two key components of the upcoming health reform are a reorganization of the individual health insurance market and an increase in income redistribution in the economy. Which component contributes more to the welfare outcome of the reform? We address this question by constructing a general equilibrium life cycle model that incorporates both medical expenses and labor income risks. We replicate the key features of the current health insurance system in the U.S. and calibrate the model using the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey dataset. We find that the reform decreases the number of uninsured more than four times. It also brings significant welfare gains equivalent to almost one percent of the annual consumption. However, these welfare gains mostly come from the redistributive measures embedded in the reform. If the reform only reorganizes the individual market, introduces individual mandates but does not include any income-based transfers, the welfare gains are much smaller. This result is mostly driven by the fact that most uninsured people have low income. High burdens of health insurance premiums for this group are relieved disproportionately more by income-based measures than by the new rules in the individual market.
2010-10-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26158/1/MPRA_paper_26158.pdf
Pashchenko, Svetlana and Porapakkarm, Ponpoje (2010): Quantitative Analysis of Health Insurance Reform: Separating Community Rating from Income Redistribution.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26434
2019-09-27T10:31:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26434/
Body weight and socio-economic determinants: quantile estimations from the British Household Panel Survey
Pieroni, Luca
Salmasi, Luca
I12 - Health Behavior
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I10 - General
This work examines the socio-economic determinants of body weight in the United Kingdom by means of two recent waves from the British Household Panel Survey. While the patterns of overweight and obesity have drawn economists’ interest in recent years, our main contribution is to examine the weight determinants on the conditional distribution of body weight across individuals. Are there differing socio-economic causes for gaining weight in highly overweight people compared with underweight ones? For instance, we examine whether reduction in smoking affects differently individuals located among the most and the least of the weight distributions. Our results for significant determinants support some findings in the literature, but also point to new conclusions. In many cases, quantile regression estimates are quite different from OLS regressions ones. Among obese people, our results reveal that they are less so as males do not spend extra-time at work or females increases physical activities. Furthermore, smoking cessation may lead to moderate effects on weight increases only for underweight and normalweight subjects but they are not significant for people affected by higher obesity prevalence rates.
2010-11-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26434/1/MPRA_paper_26434.pdf
Pieroni, Luca and Salmasi, Luca (2010): Body weight and socio-economic determinants: quantile estimations from the British Household Panel Survey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27126
2019-09-26T19:25:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27126/
Fertility and Birth Spacing Consequences of Childhood Immunization Program: Evidence from India
Santosh, Kumar
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
O10 - General
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I10 - General
What are the effects of childhood immunization program (UIP) on women's fertility and birth spacing?
I examine the effect of this immunization program on women's subsequent fertility and birth spacing
by exploiting district-by-cohort variation in exposure to the program. The results indicate that
exposure of the first-born child to the immunization program reduces the likelihood of subsequent
and cumulative fertility of women and increases the birth intervals between first and second births.
The effects are more pronounced in urban areas. The signicant program effect on fertility and birth
intervals can be explained in terms of reduction in child mortality due to the immunization program.
Kumar (2009) finds that UIP has a significant and negative eect on infant and under-five mortality.
2009-05-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27126/1/MPRA_paper_27126.pdf
Santosh, Kumar (2009): Fertility and Birth Spacing Consequences of Childhood Immunization Program: Evidence from India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27287
2019-09-26T15:55:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27287/
Revisiting the health-income nexus in Malaysia: ARDL cointegration and Rao's F-test for causality
Tang, Chor Foon
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
I10 - General
This study re-visits the health-income nexus for Malaysia using alternative econometric techniques which addressed on the small sample problem. This study covers the annual sample period of 1970 to 2009. Based on the appealing small sample properties, we applied the bounds testing approach to cointegration and the system-wise Rao’s F-test with bootstrap simulation procedure in this study. The bounds test suggests that health care expenditure and real income are moving together in the long-run. In addition, the long-run income elasticity is also estimate using four long-run estimators, namely OLS, DOLS, FMOLS, and ARDL. Interestingly, the entire long-run estimators suggest that the long-run income elasticity is more than unity. Therefore, our findings support the health care luxury hypothesis in Malaysia. From policy view point, the system-wise Rao’s F-test reveals strong unilateral causality running from real income to health care expenditure in Malaysia.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27287/1/MPRA_paper_27287.pdf
Tang, Chor Foon (2010): Revisiting the health-income nexus in Malaysia: ARDL cointegration and Rao's F-test for causality.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27335
2019-09-26T21:51:21Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27335/
Heat impact on schoolchildren in Cameroon, Africa: potential health threat from climate change
Dapi N., Léonie
Rocklov, Joacim
Nguefack-Tsague, Georges
Tetanye, Ekoe
Kjellstrom, Tord
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I10 - General
Background: Health impacts related to climate change are potentially an increasing problem in Cameroon,
especially during hot seasons when there are no means for protective and adaptive actions.
Objective: To describe environmental conditions in schools and to evaluate the impact of heat on
schoolchildren’s health during school days in the Cameroon cities of Yaounde´ and Douala.
Methods: Schoolchildren (N285) aged 1216 years from public secondary schools completed a
questionnaire about their background, general symptoms, and hot feelings in a cross-sectional study. In
Yaounde´, 50 schoolchildren were individually interviewed during school days about hourly symptoms
(fatigue, headache, and feeling very hot) and performance. Lascar dataloggers were used to measure indoor
classroom temperatures and humidity.
Results: There was a significant correlation between daily indoor temperature and the percentages of
schoolchildren who felt very hot, had fatigue, and headaches in Yaounde´. A high proportion of
schoolchildren felt very hot (48%), had fatigue (76%), and headaches (38%) in Yaounde´. Prevalences (%)
were higher among girls than boys for headaches (58 vs 39), feeling ‘very hot overall’ (37 vs 21), and ‘very hot
in head’ (21 vs 18). Up to 62% were absentminded and 45% had slow writing speed. High indoor
temperatures of 32.58C in Yaounde´ and 36.68C in Douala were observed in school.
Conclusions: Headache, fatigue, and feeling very hot associated with high indoor air temperature were
observed among schoolchildren in the present study. Longitudinal data in schools are needed to confirm these
results. School environmental conditions should be improved in order to enhance learning.
2010-11-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27335/1/MPRA_paper_27335.pdf
Dapi N., Léonie and Rocklov, Joacim and Nguefack-Tsague, Georges and Tetanye, Ekoe and Kjellstrom, Tord (2010): Heat impact on schoolchildren in Cameroon, Africa: potential health threat from climate change. Published in: Global Health Action , Vol. 3:5610, (29 November 2010)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27945
2019-10-01T10:38:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27945/
Obesity and Diabetes, the Built Environment, and the ‘Local’ Food Economy
Matthew, Salois
C10 - General
I12 - Health Behavior
I10 - General
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Obesity and diabetes are increasingly attributed to environmental factors, however, little attention has been paid to influence of the 'local' food economy. This paper examines the association of measures relating to the built environment and the ‘local’ food economy with county-level prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Key indicators of the ‘local’ food economy include the density of farmers’ markets, volume of direct farm sales, and presence of farm-to-school programs. This paper employs a robust regression estimator to account for non-normality of the data and to accommodate outliers. Overall, the built environment is strongly associated with prevalence of obesity and diabetes and a strong 'local' food economy may play an important role in prevention. Results imply considerable scope for community-level interventions.
2010-12-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27945/1/MPRA_paper_27945.pdf
Matthew, Salois (2010): Obesity and Diabetes, the Built Environment, and the ‘Local’ Food Economy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28288
2019-09-27T16:25:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28288/
Obesity and Diabetes, the Built Environment, and the ‘Local’ Food Economy
Salois, Matthew
C10 - General
I12 - Health Behavior
I10 - General
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Obesity and diabetes are increasingly attributed to environmental factors, however, little attention has been paid to the influence of the 'local' food economy. This paper examines the association of measures relating to the built environment and ‘local’ agriculture with U.S. county-level prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Key indicators of the ‘local’ food economy include the density of farmers’ markets, volume of direct farm sales, and presence of farm-to-school programs. This paper employs a robust regression estimator to account for non-normality of the data and to accommodate outliers. Overall, the built environment is associated with the prevalence of obesity and diabetes and a strong 'local' food economy may play an important role in prevention. Results imply considerable scope for community-level interventions.
2010-12-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28288/1/MPRA_paper_28288.pdf
Salois, Matthew (2010): Obesity and Diabetes, the Built Environment, and the ‘Local’ Food Economy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28533
2019-09-28T23:23:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28533/
Comment on David Cutler and Adriana Lleras-Muney (2008): “Education and Health: Evaluating Theories and Evidence”
Hlavac, Marek
I12 - Health Behavior
I20 - General
I10 - General
In a recent research paper, health economists David Cutler and Adriana Lleras-Muney analyze data primarily from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an annual cross-sectional household survey administered by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). They find that higher levels of education are associated with lower adult mortality rates, lower frequencies of self-reported incidence of chronic and acute diseases, better functioning and mental health, as well as with lower reports of lost work days or days spent in bed. In addition, they find that more education is associated with better health behaviors: Better-educated individuals smoke less, engage in less heavy drinking, wear seatbelts more often, and consume more preventive care. This comments discusses selected strengths and weaknesses of Cutler and Lleras-Muney's study.
2011-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28533/1/MPRA_paper_28533.pdf
Hlavac, Marek (2011): Comment on David Cutler and Adriana Lleras-Muney (2008): “Education and Health: Evaluating Theories and Evidence”.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28698
2019-09-30T22:46:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28698/
Effects of female labor participation on smoking behavior in Japan: Selection model approach
Yamamura, Eiji
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
I10 - General
Using individual level data (the Japanese General Social Survey), this paper aims to explore how interaction between genders contributes to the cessation of smoking in Japan, where females are distinctly less inclined to smoke than males. Controlling for various socioeconomic factors and selection bias, I find through a Heckman-type selection estimation that rates of female employment in workplaces are negatively associated with male smoking but not with female smoking. These results suggest that male smokers are more inclined to cease smoking when they are more likely to have contact with nonsmokers of the opposite sex.
Overall, this empirical study provides evidence that the psychological effect of the presence of people in one’s surroundings has a direct significant effect upon smoking behavior. However, this effect is observed only among males and not females.
2011-02-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28698/1/MPRA_paper_28698.pdf
Yamamura, Eiji (2011): Effects of female labor participation on smoking behavior in Japan: Selection model approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28768
2019-09-29T12:45:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28768/
Does the Food Stamp Program Really Increase Obesity? The Importance of Accounting for Misclassification Errors
Vassilopoulos, Achilleas
Drichoutis, Andreas
Nayga, Rodolfo
Lazaridis, Panagiotis
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
I10 - General
Over the last few decades, the prevalence of obesity among US citizens has grown rapidly, especially among low-income individuals. This has led to questions about the effectiveness of nutritional assistance programs such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as the Food Stamps Program (FSP). Results from previous studies generally suggest that FSP participation increases obesity. This finding is however based on analyses that assumed that participants do not misclassify their program participation. Significant misclassification errors have been reported in the literature. Using propensity score matching estimation and a new method to conduct extensive sensitivity analysis, we find that this finding is quite sensitive to misclassification errors above 10% and to functional form assumptions.
2011-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28768/1/MPRA_paper_28768.pdf
Vassilopoulos, Achilleas and Drichoutis, Andreas and Nayga, Rodolfo and Lazaridis, Panagiotis (2011): Does the Food Stamp Program Really Increase Obesity? The Importance of Accounting for Misclassification Errors.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28968
2019-09-27T23:09:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473232
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28968/
Financial burden of health care expenditures in Turkey: 2002-2003
Sulku, Seher Nur
Bernard, Didem M.
G22 - Insurance ; Insurance Companies ; Actuarial Studies
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I10 - General
We examine whether and to what extent the health insurance system in Turkey provided
adequate protection against high out of pocket expenditures in the period prior to “The Health
Transformation Programme” (HTP) for the non elderly population. We measure health care
burdens as the share of out of pocket health care expenditures within family income. We
define high burdens as expenses above 10 and 20 percent of income. We find that 19 percent
of the nonelderly population were living in families spending more than 10 percent of family
income and that 14 percent of the nonelderly population were living in families spending
more than 20 percent of family income on health care. Furthermore, the poor and those living
in economically less developed regions had the greatest risk of high out of pocket burdens.
More significantly, we find that the risk of high financial burdens varied by the type of
insurance among the insured due to differences in benefits among the five separate public
schemes that provided health insurance in the pre-reform period.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28968/1/MPRA_paper_28968.pdf
Sulku, Seher Nur and Bernard, Didem M. (2009): Financial burden of health care expenditures in Turkey: 2002-2003.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29900
2019-09-29T06:14:23Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29900/
Reporting Heterogeneity in Self-Assessed Health among Elderly Europeans: The Impact of Mental and Physical Health Status
Pfarr, Christian
Schmid, Andreas
Schneider, Udo
I12 - Health Behavior
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
I10 - General
Self-assessed health (SAH) is a frequently used measure of individuals’ health status. It is also prone to reporting heterogeneity. To control for reporting heterogeneity valid measures of the objective health status are needed. The topic becomes even more complex for cross-country comparisons, as many key variables tend to vary strongly across countries, influenced by cultural and institutional differences. This study aims at exploring the key drivers for reporting heterogeneity in SAH in an international context. To this end, country specific effects are accounted for and the objective health measure is concretized, separating out effects of mental and physical health conditions. We use panel data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) which provides a rich dataset on the elderly European population. To obtain distinct indicators for physical and mental health conditions two indices were constructed. Finally, to identify potential reporting heterogeneity in SAH a generalized ordered probit model is estimated. We find evidence that health behaviour as well as health care utilization, mental and physical health condition as well as country characteristics affect reporting behaviour. We conclude that observed and unobserved heterogeneity play an important role when analysing SAH and have to be taken into account.
2011-03-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29900/1/MPRA_paper_29900.pdf
Pfarr, Christian and Schmid, Andreas and Schneider, Udo (2011): Reporting Heterogeneity in Self-Assessed Health among Elderly Europeans: The Impact of Mental and Physical Health Status.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30066
2019-09-29T07:18:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30066/
Fighting poverty and child malnutrition: on the design of foreign aid policies
Vasilakis, Chrysovalantis
O1 - Economic Development
O10 - General
I12 - Health Behavior
I10 - General
In this paper, we develop a two period overlapping generation model on the effects of child nutrition in developing countries.The model gives rise to multiple equilibria including a poverty trap. We show that child nutrition status affects unfavorably the evolution of human capital and leads countries into poverty. We consider different exogenous foreign aid policies implemented by international organizations such as the World Food Program (WFP). We find that school feeding programs solve social problems like child labor.However, they do not necessarily lead countries to achieve economic development. On the contrary they can lead to poverty if the initial human capital is low. We show that if subsidies are high enough they can prevent a country from going into poverty. Also, we argue that if the WFP provides fixed amount of food to households, then a quality-quantity trade off takes place. Parents decrease the nutrition of their offsprings and increase their number of children.Consequently, total nutrition decreases and the developing country is trickles down and gets locked into poverty trap for any given level of human capital
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30066/1/MPRA_paper_30066.pdf
Vasilakis, Chrysovalantis (2011): Fighting poverty and child malnutrition: on the design of foreign aid policies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30990
2019-09-26T08:06:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3238
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30990/
The relationship between absence from work and job satisfaction: Greece and UK comparisons
Drakopoulos, Stavros A.
Grimani, Aikaterini
J28 - Safety ; Job Satisfaction ; Related Public Policy
I10 - General
The paper starts with a literature survey concerning absenteeism and job satisfaction. Most of the literature on absenteeism suggests that absence from work is a complex issue influenced by multiple causes, both of personal and of organizational nature. Job satisfaction has also been identified as one of the factors affecting an employee’s motivation to work attendance. There is no universal agreement concerning the relationship between absenteeism and job satisfaction. Some research has found no correlation between these two variables whereas other studies indicate a weak relationship between these two variables. It has also been suggested that absence and job satisfaction might be more strongly related under some conditions, for instance in case of blue collar workers. After a survey of the relevant literature, this study attempts to establish a causal relationship between absenteeism and job satisfaction using a new set of Greek and European data. The paper concentrates on Greek data given that absenteeism has not been the subject of systematic investigation in Greece. The empirical results suggest that there is a weak negative relationship between injury absenteeism and job satisfaction. Furthermore, comparisons are made with similar findings from UK.
2011-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30990/1/MPRA_paper_30990.pdf
Drakopoulos, Stavros A. and Grimani, Aikaterini (2011): The relationship between absence from work and job satisfaction: Greece and UK comparisons.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30992
2019-09-28T01:08:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30992/
The causes of childhood obesity: A survey
Papoutsi, Georgia
Drichoutis, Andreas
Nayga, Rodolfo
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I10 - General
Childhood obesity rates are rapidly rising in many countries. Since it is highly likely that obesity will persist into adulthood, current rates undermine the health and future of people in developed as well as developing countries. This public health epidemic carries significant economic, social as well as individual-level consequences and has become a research topic of significant interest for various disciplines including economics. We survey the literature in economics and related disciplines associated with the causes of childhood obesity and synthesize the results to provide a better understanding of the explanations for the rising childhood obesity rates. This is an important step in crafting effective policies to combat global childhood obesity trends.
2011-05-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30992/1/MPRA_paper_30992.pdf
Papoutsi, Georgia and Drichoutis, Andreas and Nayga, Rodolfo (2011): The causes of childhood obesity: A survey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31443
2019-09-28T04:52:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31443/
Adverse selection and moral hazard among the poor: evidence from a randomized experiment
Spenkch, Jörg L.
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
I10 - General
Not only does economic theory predict high-risk individuals to be more likely to purchase insurance, but insurance coverage is also thought to crowd out precautionary activities. In spite of stark theoretical predictions, there is conflicting empirical evidence on adverse selection, and evidence on ex ante moral hazard is very scarce. Using data from the Seguro Popular Experiment in Mexico, this paper documents patterns of adverse selection into health insurance as well as the existence of non-negligible ex ante moral hazard. More specifically, the findings indicate that (i) agents in poor self-assessed health prior to the intervention have, all else equal, a higher propensity to take up insurance; and (ii) insurance coverage reduces the demand for self-protection in the form of preventive care. Curiously, however, individuals do not sort based on objective measures of their health.
2011-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31443/1/MPRA_paper_31443.pdf
Spenkch, Jörg L. (2011): Adverse selection and moral hazard among the poor: evidence from a randomized experiment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31804
2019-09-29T04:24:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433335
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31804/
Does improved sanitation reduce diarrhea in children in rural India?
Santosh, Kumar
Sebastian, Vollmer
C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions
D10 - General
I10 - General
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
Nearly nine million children under five years of age die annually. Diarrhea is considered to be the
second leading cause of Under-5 mortality in developing countries. About one out of five deaths are
caused by diarrhea. In this paper, we use the newly available data set DLHS-3 to quantify the impact
of access to improved sanitation on diarrheal morbidity for children under five years of age in India.
Using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and propensity-based weighted regression, we find that
access to improved sanitation reduces the risk of contracting diarrhea. Access to improved sanitation
decreases child diarrhea incidence by 2.2 percentage points. There is considerable heterogeneity in
the impacts of improved sanitation. We neither find statistically significant treatment eects for
children in poor household nor for girls, however, boys and high socioeconomic status (SES) children
experienced larger treatment effects. The results show that it is important to complement public
policies on sanitation with policies that alleviate poverty, improve parent's education and promote
gender equity.
2011-03-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31804/1/MPRA_paper_31804.pdf
Santosh, Kumar and Sebastian, Vollmer (2011): Does improved sanitation reduce diarrhea in children in rural India?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31807
2019-10-01T23:27:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31807/
Fertility and birth spacing consequences of childhood immunization program: Evidence from India
Kumar, Santosh
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
O10 - General
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I10 - General
What are the effects of childhood immunization program (UIP) on women's fertility and birth spacing?
I examine the effect of this immunization program on women's subsequent fertility and birth spacing
by exploiting district-by-cohort variation in exposure to the program. The results indicate that
exposure of the first-born child to the immunization program reduces the likelihood of subsequent
and cumulative fertility of women and increases the birth intervals between first and second births.
The effects are more pronounced in urban areas. The significant program effect on fertility and birth
intervals can be explained in terms of reduction in child mortality due to the immunization program.
Kumar (2009) finds that UIP has a significant and negative effect on infant and under-five mortality.
2009-05-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31807/1/MPRA_paper_31807.pdf
Kumar, Santosh (2009): Fertility and birth spacing consequences of childhood immunization program: Evidence from India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31808
2019-09-29T02:01:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433335
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31808/
Does improved sanitation reduce diarrhea in children in rural India?
Kumar, Santosh
Vollmer, Sebastian
C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions
D10 - General
I10 - General
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
Nearly nine million children under five years of age die annually. Diarrhea is considered to be the
second leading cause of Under-5 mortality in developing countries. About one out of five deaths are
caused by diarrhea. In this paper, we use the newly available data set DLHS-3 to quantify the impact
of access to improved sanitation on diarrheal morbidity for children under five years of age in India.
Using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and propensity-based weighted regression, we find that
access to improved sanitation reduces the risk of contracting diarrhea. Access to improved sanitation
decreases child diarrhea incidence by 2.2 percentage points. There is considerable heterogeneity in
the impacts of improved sanitation. We neither find statistically significant treatment eects for
children in poor household nor for girls, however, boys and high socioeconomic status (SES) children
experienced larger treatment effects. The results show that it is important to complement public
policies on sanitation with policies that alleviate poverty, improve parent's education and promote
gender equity.
2011-03-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31808/1/MPRA_paper_31808.pdf
Kumar, Santosh and Vollmer, Sebastian (2011): Does improved sanitation reduce diarrhea in children in rural India?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31816
2019-10-02T17:50:00Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31816/
Measurement of SF-6D utility among patients with active tuberculosis
Awan, Masood Sarwar
Waqas, Muhammad
Aslam, Muhammad Amir
Sarwar, Muhammad
I12 - Health Behavior
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I10 - General
Inspite of so much development in medical technology, Tuberculosis (TB) is still the problem for humans. Few
studies, in Pakistan highlighted the factors that affect patients health related quality of life (HRQOL) with active
TB. The aim of this study is to measure short form six dimension (Sf-6D) utility scores of patients with active
TB of Sargodha district. 120 active TB patients were interviewed and short form-36 questionnaire was followed.
District TB hospital of Sargodha district was visited. Results show that Utility scores of female patients were
better than male, while patients belong to urban areas have better utility scores as compared to rural patients of
TB. Indoor patient’s utility scores were better than outdoor patients. Disease severity, use of drugs, depression, pain and death threat were the factors that negatively affect the patients health related quality of life, while opportunity of leisure and income level increase patients HRQOL.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31816/1/MPRA_paper_31816.pdf
Awan, Masood Sarwar and Waqas, Muhammad and Aslam, Muhammad Amir and Sarwar, Muhammad (2011): Measurement of SF-6D utility among patients with active tuberculosis. Published in: Global Journal of Health Science , Vol. 3, No. 1 (2011): pp. 203-208.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32083
2019-10-04T16:58:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433639
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32083/
A note on the choice of Malmquist productivity index and Malmquist total factor productivity index
Halkos, George
Tzeremes, Nickolaos
C69 - Other
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
I10 - General
This paper by analyzing the two popular methodologies of productivity measurement provides an example that illustrates the differences when adopting the two methodologies. Furthermore, under the restriction of constant returns to scale raises some methodological issues regarding the theory of productivity measurement using the Malmquist Productivity Index and Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index. Furthermore by using an illustrative example under the restriction of constant returns to scale the study indicates that the two indexes produce similar results. However, the differences observed are determining the choice of the methodology adopted when measuring productivity.
2006-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32083/1/MPRA_paper_32083.pdf
Halkos, George and Tzeremes, Nickolaos (2006): A note on the choice of Malmquist productivity index and Malmquist total factor productivity index.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32367
2019-09-26T10:26:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32367/
Structural social capital and health in Italy
Fiorillo, Damiano
Sabatini, Fabio
I12 - Health Behavior
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
I19 - Other
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
I10 - General
This paper presents the first empirical assessment of the causal relationship between social capital and health in Italy. The analysis draws on the 2000 wave of the Multipurpose Survey on Household conducted by the Italian Institute of Statistics on a representative sample of the population (n = 50,618). Our measure of social capital is the frequency of meetings with friends. Based on probit and instrumental variables estimates, we find that higher levels of social capital increase perceived good health.
2011-07-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32367/1/MPRA_paper_32367.pdf
Fiorillo, Damiano and Sabatini, Fabio (2011): Structural social capital and health in Italy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33517
2019-10-02T17:14:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33517/
Health is wealth: an empirical note across the US states
Alexiadis, Stilianos
Eleftheriou, Konstantinos
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
I10 - General
An attempt is made to establish the relation between risk-health factors (encapsulated in terms of obesity) and regional convergence, with special reference to the US states. The econometric results indicate that obesity does have an impact on regional growth and convergence. A preliminary examination of these findings shows harmful effects on the process of catching-up between ‘poor’ and ‘rich’ regions. Nevertheless, considerably more research is required before this relation can be discussed with confidence.
2011-02-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33517/2/MPRA_paper_33517.pdf
Alexiadis, Stilianos and Eleftheriou, Konstantinos (2011): Health is wealth: an empirical note across the US states.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33847
2019-09-28T02:48:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3533
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3831
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3238
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3534
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3532
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33847/
Does high involvement management improve worker wellbeing?
Böckerman, Petri
Bryson, Alex
Ilmakunnas, Pekka
M53 - Training
J81 - Working Conditions
J28 - Safety ; Job Satisfaction ; Related Public Policy
M54 - Labor Management
M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects
I10 - General
Employees exposed to high involvement management (HIM) practices have higher subjective wellbeing, fewer accidents but more short absence spells than “like” employees not exposed to HIM. These results are robust to extensive work, wage and sickness absence history controls. We present a model which highlights the possibility of higher short-term absence in the presence of HIM because it is more demanding than standard production and because multi-skilled HIM workers cover for one another’s short absences thus reducing the cost of replacement labour faced by the employer. We find direct empirical support for the assumptions in the model. Consistent with the model, because long-term absences entail replacement labour costs for HIM and non-HIM employers alike, long-term absences are independent of exposure to HIM.
2011-10-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33847/1/MPRA_paper_33847.pdf
Böckerman, Petri and Bryson, Alex and Ilmakunnas, Pekka (2011): Does high involvement management improve worker wellbeing?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34017
2019-09-28T05:54:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34017/
Examining health systems challenges and possible mitigation strategies in the face of an economic crisis in Swaziland
Mndzebele, Samuel
I10 - General
Background: Evidence suggests that growth in a country’s Gross National Products does improve life expectancy only when substantial funds are directed towards healthcare and poverty eradication in society. The economic crisis currently faced by Swaziland has a potential of impacting negatively on her healthcare system, hence the need for drawing-up mitigation strategies.
Purpose: To examine the healthcare system in the face of the economic crisis in Swaziland with the aim of drawing-up appropriate socio-economic mitigation strategies in response to the current challenges.
Approach: The exercise engaged a descriptive approach through a three-level conceptual model that first examined the current health systems, leading to the analysis of possible health implications. The last phase involved drawing-up appropriate socio-economic mitigation strategies.
Health challenges and implications: The Ministry of Health in Swaziland is already struggling to make significant strides in implementing key projects through her primary healthcare strategies as enshrined in the National Health policy of 2007. Of paramount importance is the impact on the comprehensive implementation of her annual action plan and the national health sector strategic plan (2008 -2013). Envisaged implications include the current threat on the capacity surrounding the management of HIVAIDS in the country.
Conclusion (mitigation strategies): There is a strong need for the government of Swaziland and the Ministry of Health to act decisively in ensuring that health financing policies are reviewed and re-strategized to mitigate the economic impact on critical services within the department.
2011-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34017/1/MPRA_paper_34017.pdf
Mndzebele, Samuel (2011): Examining health systems challenges and possible mitigation strategies in the face of an economic crisis in Swaziland.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34175
2019-09-26T08:07:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4930
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34175/
The effects of asymmetric and symmetric fetal growth restriction on human capital development
Robinson, Joshua J
I0 - General
I12 - Health Behavior
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
I10 - General
This paper explores the causal pathway by which poor fetal health translates into reducing educational attainment and earnings as an adult. Using insights from the medical literature, I decompose low birth weight infants into two distinct subtypes: a symmetric type, which is characterized by cognitive deficits, and an asymmetric type, which exhibits little to no cognitive problems. Using data from a longitudinal survey of newborns,
I establish three results: First, there is empirical evidence of brain sparing in the asymmetric subtype, but not in the symmetric subtype. Second, despite differences in cognitive impairment, both subtypes exhibit similar impairment to physical health. And finally, there is evidence that the causes and timing of onset during pregnancy are different for asymmetric and symmetric growth restriction. The results indicate that differentiating between these subtypes may offer new opportunities to identify the underlying casual relationships between health and human capital development, as well as uncovering the "black box" mechanism behind the fetal origins hypothesis. These results also have broad implications for the timing of policy interventions aimed at pregnant women.
2011-10-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34175/1/MPRA_paper_34175.pdf
Robinson, Joshua J (2011): The effects of asymmetric and symmetric fetal growth restriction on human capital development.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34634
2019-10-07T16:29:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433532
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34634/
Multidimensional health modeling: Association between socioeconomic and psychosocial factors and health in Latvia
Irina, Mozhaeva
C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I10 - General
This research aims at estimating association between socioeconomic and psychosocial factors on the one hand and health in Latvia on the other hand. While information on association between socioeconomic determinants of population health in Latvia is scarce, effect of psychosocial resources on individual health in this country hasn’t been estimated before. We find empirical support for the association between different psychosocial factors and physical health in Latvia.
This paper proposes new approach for modelling self-assessed health. We find that the concept of health is too complicated to measure effects of health determinants using a one-dimensional econometric model. We apply two-dimensional stereotype logistic model that allows capturing nonmonotonicity in effects of factors and revealing significant effects that remain unseen if single dimension models, such as ordered logit or ordered probit, are used. Modelling self-assessed health using multi-dimensional stereotype logit provides higher model goodness of fit and quality measures in comparison to ordered probit model.
2009-10-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34634/1/MPRA_paper_34634.pdf
Irina, Mozhaeva (2009): Multidimensional health modeling: Association between socioeconomic and psychosocial factors and health in Latvia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35115
2019-09-29T14:45:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433234
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513531
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35115/
Cout prive de morbidite due a la pollution de l’air a Cotonou
Avocè Viagannou, Fanougbo
C24 - Truncated and Censored Models ; Switching Regression Models ; Threshold Regression Models
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
I10 - General
Air pollution is an externality whose health costs are high. In our paper we have evaluated the private cost or cost of suffering due to morbidity associated with this pollution. The contingent valuation method (CVM) has allowed us to estimate the average monthly private cost of illness for a head of household on the basis of willingness to pay (WTP) of household heads for a halving of pollution air in the city of Cotonou. The analysis of WTP using a censored Tobit model with consideration of the endogeneity of the variable "income" has allowed us to derive the average WTP that represents the private cost whose value is estimated at 1.617 FCFA / month per adult.
2011-11-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35115/1/MPRA_paper_35115.pdf
Avocè Viagannou, Fanougbo (2011): Cout prive de morbidite due a la pollution de l’air a Cotonou.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35428
2019-09-29T10:14:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35428/
Moral hazard and selection among the poor: evidence from a randomized experiment
Spenkch, Jörg L.
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
I10 - General
Not only does economic theory predict high-risk individuals to be more likely to purchase insurance, but insurance coverage is also thought to crowd out precautionary activities. In spite of stark theoretical predictions, there is conflicting empirical evidence on adverse selection, and evidence on ex ante moral hazard is very scarce. Using data from the Seguro Popular Experiment in Mexico, this paper documents patterns of selection on observables into health insurance as well as the existence of non-negligible ex ante moral hazard. More specifically, the findings indicate that (i) agents in poor self-assessed health prior to the intervention have, all else equal, a higher propensity to take up insurance; and (ii) insurance coverage reduces the demand for self-protection in the form of preventive care. Curiously, however, individuals do not sort based on objective measures of their health.
2011-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35428/3/MPRA_paper_35428.pdf
Spenkch, Jörg L. (2011): Moral hazard and selection among the poor: evidence from a randomized experiment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36100
2019-09-26T12:37:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36100/
In search of a preferred preference elicitation method: A test of the internal consistency of choice and matching tasks
Attema, Arthur
Brouwer, Werner
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
B41 - Economic Methodology
I10 - General
The numerous reports on preference reversals in preference elicitations pose a great challenge to empirical economics. Many studies have found that different procedures may generate substantially different preferences. However, little is known about whether one procedure is more susceptible to preference reversals than another. Therefore, taking the preference reversals as a robust behavioral pattern, guidelines are called for to provide directions regarding a preferred preference elicitation task. This paper puts forward a new test of the internal consistency of choice and matching tasks, based on “internal preference reversals”. We replicate the preference reversal phenomenon and find a significant higher consistency within choice tasks than within matching tasks.
2012-01-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36100/1/MPRA_paper_36100.pdf
Attema, Arthur and Brouwer, Werner (2012): In search of a preferred preference elicitation method: A test of the internal consistency of choice and matching tasks.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36242
2019-09-27T07:03:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36242/
Estimates of Wage Discrimination Against Workers with Sensory Disabilities, with Controls for Job Demands
CHOE, Chung
BALDWIN, Marjorie
J71 - Discrimination
I10 - General
We provide the first-ever estimates of wage discrimination against workers with sensory (hearing, speech, vision) disabilities. Workers with sensory disabilities have lower probabilities of employment and lower wages, on average, than nondisabled workers. Their poor labor market outcomes are explained, at least in part, by the negative productivity effects of sensory limitations in jobs that require good communication skills, but disability-related discrimination may also be a contributing factor.
To separate productivity vs. discrimination effects, we decompose the wage differential between workers with and without sensory disabilities into an ‘explained’ part attributed to differences in productivity-related characteristics, and an ‘unexplained’ part attributed to discrimination. The decomposition is based on human capital wage equations with controls for job-specific demands related to sensory abilities, and interactions between job demands and sensory limitations. The interactions are interpreted as measures of the extent to which a worker’s sensory limitations affect important job functions.
The results indicate approximately 1/3 (1/10) of the disability-related wage differential for men (women) is attributed to discrimination. The estimates are quite different from estimates of discrimination against workers with physical disabilities obtained by the same methods, underscoring the importance of accounting for heterogeneity of the disabled population in discrimination studies.
2011-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36242/1/MPRA_paper_36242.pdf
CHOE, Chung and BALDWIN, Marjorie (2011): Estimates of Wage Discrimination Against Workers with Sensory Disabilities, with Controls for Job Demands.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36335
2019-09-26T16:17:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36335/
Your right arm for a publication in AER?
Attema, Arthur
Brouwer, Werner
van Exel, J
A10 - General
B41 - Economic Methodology
I10 - General
The time tradeoff (TTO) method is popular in medical decision making for valuing health states. We use it to elicit economists’ preferences for publishing in top economic journals and living without limbs. The economists value the journals highly, and have a clear preference between them, with American Economic Review (AER) the most preferred. Their responses imply they would sacrifice more than half a thumb for publishing in AER. The TTO results are consistent with ranking and willingness to pay results, and indicate that preferences for journals are neither guided by influence factors, nor by expectations of a resulting salary rise.
2012-01-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36335/1/MPRA_paper_36335.pdf
Attema, Arthur and Brouwer, Werner and van Exel, J (2012): Your right arm for a publication in AER?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36541
2019-09-30T23:16:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463330
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36541/
Globalization and Africa: implications for human development
Simplice A, Asongu
I30 - General
O55 - Africa
F30 - General
F10 - General
I10 - General
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the effects of trade and financial globalization on human development in 52 African countries using updated data(1996-2010) and a new indicator of human development(adjusted for inequality).
Design/methodology/approach – The estimation technique used is a Two-Stage-Least Squares Instrumental Variable methodology. Instruments include: income-levels, legal-origins and religious-dominations. The first-step consists of justifying the choice of the estimation technique with a Hausman-test for endogeneity. In the second-step, we verify that the instrumental variables are exogenous to the endogenous components of explaining variables(globalization dynamic channels) conditional on other covariates(control variables). In the third-step, the strength and validity of the instruments are assessed with the Cragg-Donald and Sargan overidentifying restrictions tests respectively. Robustness checks are ensured by: (1) use of alternative globalization indicators; (2) endogeneity based estimation ; and (3) adoption of two interchangeable sets of instruments.
Findings – Findings broadly indicate that while trade globalization improves human development(consistent with the neoliberal theory), financial globalization has the opposite effect(in line with the hegemony thesis).
Social implications – Capital accounts should be opened in tandem with financial and institutional development. The investment atmosphere needs improvement to curtail capital flight(about 39%). Other policy implications include: adoption of openness options in a selective and gradual manner, development of some industrial backbone for an import-substitution or export-led industry, emphasis on regional trade and building capacity, development of the agricultural sector with continuous government assistance, building of rural infrastructure, increasing adult literacy rate and developing human resources, fighting corruption and mitigating wastages in government expenditure.
Originality/value – These findings are based on very recent data. Usage of the inequality adjusted human development index first published in 2010, corrects past works of the bulk of criticisms inherent in the first index.
2012-02-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36541/2/MPRA_paper_36541.pdf
Simplice A, Asongu (2012): Globalization and Africa: implications for human development.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36546
2019-10-01T11:52:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463330
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36546/
Globalization and Africa: implications for human development
Simplice A, Asongu
I30 - General
O55 - Africa
F30 - General
F10 - General
I10 - General
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the effects of trade and financial globalization on human development in 52 African countries using updated data(1996-2010) and a new indicator of human development(adjusted for inequality).
Design/methodology/approach – The estimation technique used is a Two-Stage-Least Squares Instrumental Variable methodology. Instruments include: income-levels, legal-origins and religious-dominations. The first-step consists of justifying the choice of the estimation technique with a Hausman-test for endogeneity. In the second-step, we verify that the instrumental variables are exogenous to the endogenous components of explaining variables(globalization dynamic channels) conditional on other covariates(control variables). In the third-step, the strength and validity of the instruments are assessed with the Cragg-Donald and Sargan overidentifying restrictions tests respectively. Robustness checks are ensured by: (1) use of alternative globalization indicators; (2) endogeneity based estimation ; and (3) adoption of two interchangeable sets of instruments.
Findings – Findings broadly indicate that while trade globalization improves human development(consistent with the neoliberal theory), financial globalization has the opposite effect(in line with the hegemony thesis).
Social implications – Capital accounts should be opened in tandem with financial and institutional development. The investment atmosphere needs improvement to curtail capital flight(about 39%). Other policy implications include: adoption of openness options in a selective and gradual manner, development of some industrial backbone for an import-substitution or export-led industry, emphasis on regional trade and building capacity, development of the agricultural sector with continuous government assistance, building of rural infrastructure, increasing adult literacy rate and developing human resources, fighting corruption and mitigating wastages in government expenditure.
Originality/value – These findings are based on very recent data. Usage of the inequality adjusted human development index first published in 2010, corrects past works of the bulk of criticisms inherent in the first index.
2012-02-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36546/1/MPRA_paper_36546.pdf
Simplice A, Asongu (2012): Globalization and Africa: implications for human development.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36552
2019-10-06T15:08:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473232
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36552/
The Impact of Health Insurance for Children: Evidence from Vietnam
Nguyen Viet, Cuong
G22 - Insurance ; Insurance Companies ; Actuarial Studies
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
I10 - General
Although there are numerous studies on impact evaluation of overall health insurance, little is known on the impact of health insurance on health care utilization and out-of-pocket health care spending of children, especially in developing countries. This paper measures the impact of child health insurance on health care utilization and spending of children from 6 to 14 years old in Vietnam using two recent nationally representative surveys. Unlike previous empirical studies which found a positive effect of health insurance on health care utilization in Vietnam, we did not find a statistically significant effect of school health insurance as well as free health insurance for children on outpatient health care contacts. However, the school health insurance and free health insurance help the insured children decrease out-of-pocket spending per outpatient contact by around 14 and 26 percent, respectively.
2011-06-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36552/1/MPRA_paper_36552.pdf
Nguyen Viet, Cuong (2011): The Impact of Health Insurance for Children: Evidence from Vietnam.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36801
2019-09-26T13:38:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36801/
Your right arm for a publication in AER?
Attema, Arthur
Brouwer, Werner
van Exel, J
A10 - General
B41 - Economic Methodology
I10 - General
The time tradeoff (TTO) method is popular in medical decision making for valuing health states. We use it to elicit economists’ preferences for publishing in top economic journals and living without limbs. The economists value the journals highly, and have a clear preference between them, with American Economic Review (AER) the most preferred. Their responses imply they would sacrifice more than half a thumb for publishing in AER. The TTO results are consistent with ranking and willingness to pay results, and indicate that preferences for journals are neither guided by influence factors, nor by expectations of a resulting salary rise.
2012-01-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36801/1/MPRA_paper_36801.pdf
Attema, Arthur and Brouwer, Werner and van Exel, J (2012): Your right arm for a publication in AER?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37002
2019-09-26T20:19:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4439:443930
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37002/
Deriving time discounting correction factors for TTO tariffs
Attema, Arthur
Brouwer, Werner
D90 - General
I10 - General
The Time Tradeoff (TTO) method is a popular method for valuing health state utilities and is frequently used in economic evaluations. However, this method produces utilities that are distorted by several biases. One important bias entails the failure to incorporate time discounting. This paper aims to measure time discounting for health outcomes in a sample representative for the general population. In particular, we estimate TTO scores alongside time discounting in order to derive a set of correction factors that can be employed to correct raw TTO scores for the downward bias caused by time discounting. We find substantial positive correction factors, which are increasing with the severity of the health state. Furthermore, higher discounting is found when using more severe health states in the discounting elicitation task. More research is needed to further develop discount rate elicitation procedures and test their validity, especially in general public samples. Moreover, future research should investigate the correction of TTO score for other biases as well, such as loss aversion, and to develop a criterion to test the external validity of TTO scores.
2012-02-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37002/1/MPRA_paper_37002.pdf
Attema, Arthur and Brouwer, Werner (2012): Deriving time discounting correction factors for TTO tariffs.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37142
2019-10-01T03:53:05Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463335
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37142/
Effectiveness of foreign aid in the light of millennium development goal on the health sector: a case study of Pakistan
Anwar, Mumtaz
Rashid, Muhammad Khalid
F35 - Foreign Aid
I10 - General
Most of the developing countries are becoming more aid dependent with the passage of time. This bleak reality provokes debate on aid effectiveness. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of aid on the health sector of Pakistan over the period 1973-2008. The study focuses on the health sector in the light of Millennium Development Goal; reducing child mortality. We estimate an econometric model to test the short and long run relationship between foreign aid and infant mortality rate in the health sector. In this context, different tests i.e. Augumented Dickey Fuller test, Johansen Likelihood Ratio test and Vector Error Correction Method are used. The results indicate that there is short run and long run relationship between foreign aid and infant mortality rate. The results show that one percent increase in foreign aid will decrease the infant mortality rate by 0.4 percent. This study suggests that an increase aid in this sector will result in better health conditions.
2011-06-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37142/1/MPRA_paper_37142.pdf
Anwar, Mumtaz and Rashid, Muhammad Khalid (2011): Effectiveness of foreign aid in the light of millennium development goal on the health sector: a case study of Pakistan. Published in: INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS , Vol. 3, No. 2 (15 June 2011): pp. 1992-2003.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37404
2019-09-26T19:29:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473232
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37404/
Financial burden of health care expenditures in Turkey: 2002-2003
Sulku, Seher Nur
Bernard, Didem M.
G22 - Insurance ; Insurance Companies ; Actuarial Studies
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I10 - General
We examine whether and to what extent the health insurance system in Turkey provided
adequate protection against high out of pocket expenditures in the period prior to “The Health
Transformation Programme” (HTP) for the non elderly population. We measure health care
burdens as the share of out of pocket health care expenditures within family income. We
define high burdens as expenses above 10 and 20 percent of income. We find that 19 percent
of the nonelderly population were living in families spending more than 10 percent of family
income and that 14 percent of the nonelderly population were living in families spending
more than 20 percent of family income on health care. Furthermore, the poor and those living
in economically less developed regions had the greatest risk of high out of pocket burdens.
More significantly, we find that the risk of high financial burdens varied by the type of
insurance among the insured due to differences in benefits among the five separate public
schemes that provided health insurance in the pre-reform period.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37404/1/MPRA_paper_37404.pdf
Sulku, Seher Nur and Bernard, Didem M. (2009): Financial burden of health care expenditures in Turkey: 2002-2003. Published in: Iranian Journal of Public Health , Vol. 41, (2012): pp. 48-64.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37632
2019-09-27T22:35:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37632/
Determinants of Health Professionals’ Migration in Africa
Simplice A, Asongu
F22 - International Migration
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
D60 - General
I10 - General
How do economic prosperity, health expenditure, savings, price-stability, demographic change, democracy, corruption-control, press-freedom, government effectiveness, human development, foreign-aid, physical security, trade openness and financial liberalization play-out in the fight against health-worker crisis when existing emigration levels matter? Despite the acute concern of health-worker crisis in Africa owing to emigration, lack of relevant data has made the subject matter empirically void over the last decades. This paper assesses the theoretical postulations of the WHO report on determinants of health-worker migration. Findings provide a broad range of tools for the fight against health-worker brain-drain. As a policy implication, blanket emigration-control policies are unlikely to succeed equally across countries with different levels of emigration. Thus to be effective, immigration policies should be contingent on the prevailing levels of the crisis and tailored differently across countries with the best and worst records on fighting health worker emigration.
2012-03-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37632/1/MPRA_paper_37632.pdf
Simplice A, Asongu (2012): Determinants of Health Professionals’ Migration in Africa.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37633
2019-10-01T04:59:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37633/
Globalization and health worker crisis: what do wealth-effects tells us?
Simplice A, Asongu
F22 - International Migration
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
D60 - General
I10 - General
Owing to lack of relevant data on health human resource migration, the empirical dimension of the health-worker crisis debate has remained void despite abundant theoretical literature. A health worker crisis is overwhelming the world. Shortages in health professionals are reaching staggering levels in many parts of the globe. This paper complements existing literature by empirically investigating the WHO hypothetical determinants of health-worker migration in the context of globalization when income-levels matter. In plainer terms, the work explores how the wealth of exporting countries play-out in the determinants of HHR emigration. We assess the determinants of emigration in the health sector through-out the conditional distribution of health human resource emigration. Findings provide very targeted policy implications based on income-levels and existing emigration levels for both physician and nurse worker crises. Beside specific policy recommendations, we also outlined broad policy measures for source-countries, recipient-states and regional(international) institutions.
2012-03-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37633/1/MPRA_paper_37633.pdf
Simplice A, Asongu (2012): Globalization and health worker crisis: what do wealth-effects tells us?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37691
2019-09-27T04:50:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443131
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37691/
A behavioral note on the demand for health
Tavares, Aida Isabel
D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
I10 - General
On this note we introduce some behavioral hypothesis on the static version of Grossman model on the demand for health. Three behavioral hypotheses are considered in the static version of Grossman model: the status, the social pressure and trust. We show that a preference for status and for social approval result in a higher optimal choice for health. The same cannot be concluded when considering the influence of trust. The variable trust has an ambiguous result on the optimal health decision of individuals.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37691/1/MPRA_paper_37691.pdf
Tavares, Aida Isabel (2007): A behavioral note on the demand for health.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37693
2019-09-28T06:00:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37693/
Globalization and health worker crisis: what do wealth-effects tell us?
Simplice A, Asongu
F22 - International Migration
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
D60 - General
I10 - General
Owing to lack of relevant data on health human resource migration, the empirical dimension of the health-worker crisis debate has remained void despite abundant theoretical literature. A health worker crisis is overwhelming the world. Shortages in health professionals are reaching staggering levels in many parts of the globe. This paper complements existing literature by empirically investigating the WHO hypothetical determinants of health-worker migration in the context of globalization when income-levels matter. In plainer terms, the work explores how the wealth of exporting countries play-out in the determinants of HHR emigration. We assess the determinants of emigration in the health sector through-out the conditional distribution of health human resource emigration. Findings provide very targeted policy implications based on income-levels and existing emigration levels for both physician and nurse worker crises. Beside specific policy recommendations, we also outlined broad policy measures for source-countries, recipient-states and regional(international) institutions.
2012-03-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37693/1/MPRA_paper_37693.pdf
Simplice A, Asongu (2012): Globalization and health worker crisis: what do wealth-effects tell us?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37989
2019-09-28T16:35:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37989/
Time to tweak the TTO. But how?
Versteegh, MM
Attema, AE
Oppe, M
Devlin, NJ
Stolk, EA
I10 - General
This paper examines the effect different specifications of the Time Tradeoff (TTO) task have on health state values. The new lead time TTO is compared to an equally viable method called lag time TTO, both in two time frames. We test whether the two methods yield comparable health state values and whether the relative importance of dimensions of health is similarly stable between TTO specifications. The tasks were applied online and compared to results from a study with identical TTO specifications but with a different mode of administration. Lag time TTO produced lower values than lead time TTO and the difference was larger in the longer time frame. The relative importance of different dimensions of health was affected by the duration of the health state. Generally, the lead time TTO performed in group sessions gave more favorable results than the online exercise based on feasibility and data quality.
2012-03-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37989/1/MPRA_paper_37989.pdf
Versteegh, MM and Attema, AE and Oppe, M and Devlin, NJ and Stolk, EA (2012): Time to tweak the TTO. But how?
en
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