2024-03-29T11:10:57Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1533
2019-09-28T06:13:19Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1533/
Efficiency Performance of Hospitals and Medical Centers in Vietnam
Nguyen, Khac Minh
Giang, Thanh Long
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
I19 - Other
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the efficiency performance of the hospitals and medical centers in Vietnam by using a non-parametric approach, namely the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The data from the Economic Census for Enterprises by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO) consists of 44 observations, which include 17 hospitals and 27 medical centers in different provinces and cities in 2002. The results indicate that the average scale efficiency of the hospitals was 77.4 percent, while that of the medical centers was 58.7 percent. Further, hospitals were clearly more efficient than medical centers due to some possible factors. Locations in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city had no influence on either overall technical efficiency or scale efficiency. Despite differences in the results of testing the impact of net capital-labor ratio on efficiency for hospitals and medical centers, these organizations appear to operate in labor-intensive ways.
2004-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1533/1/MPRA_paper_1533.pdf
Nguyen, Khac Minh and Giang, Thanh Long (2004): Efficiency Performance of Hospitals and Medical Centers in Vietnam. Forthcoming in: Nguyen Khac Minh and Giang Thanh Long (eds.) Technical Efficiency anf Productivity Growth in Vietnam: Parametric and Non-parametric Analyses (March 2007): pp. 85-99.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2873
2019-09-28T04:55:37Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2873/
Efficiency Performance of Hospitals and Medical Centers in Vietnam
Nguyen, Khac Minh
Giang, Thanh Long
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
I19 - Other
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the efficiency performance of the hospitals and medical centers in Vietnam by using a non-parametric approach, namely the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. The data from the Economic Census for Enterprises by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO) consists of 44 observations, which include 17 hospitals and 27 medical centers in different provinces and cities in 2002. The results indicate that the average scale efficiency of the hospitals was 77.4 percent, while that of the medical centers was 58.7 percent. Further, hospitals were clearly more efficient than medical centers due to some possible factors. Locations in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city had no influence on either overall technical efficiency or scale efficiency. Despite differences in the results of testing the impact of net capital-labor ratio on efficiency for hospitals and medical centers, these organizations appear to operate in labor-intensive ways.
2004-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2873/1/MPRA_paper_2873.pdf
Nguyen, Khac Minh and Giang, Thanh Long (2004): Efficiency Performance of Hospitals and Medical Centers in Vietnam. Published in: Nguyen Khac Minh and Giang Thanh Long (eds.) Technical Efficiency anf Productivity Growth in Vietnam: Parametric and Non-parametric Analyses (20 February 2007): pp. 165-190.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3263
2019-09-26T19:22:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3263/
A Random Parameter Logit model for modeling Health Care Provider Choice in Bolivia
Canaviri, Jose
I19 - Other
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
In this paper we model health care provider choice in Bolivia with a Random Parameter Logit (RPL) using MECOVI data during the period 1999 and 2000. To our knowledge this is the first time that a RPL is used for modeling health care provider choice in Bolivia. We found that price and income are determinants of the decision choice of health care provider. Increasing government prices or fees shift the demand from government to private health facilities for children and women. In addition, women are more sensitive than children and adults to changes in price and income. The perception of Quality is significant just for private health facilities except for children. Finally, people would rather private instead of government facilities and self care treatment when they are ill.
2007-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3263/1/MPRA_paper_3263.pdf
Canaviri, Jose (2007): A Random Parameter Logit model for modeling Health Care Provider Choice in Bolivia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4992
2019-09-26T10:10:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D49:4931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4992/
Cost Measurement in Laparoscopic Surgery: Results from an Activity-Based Costing Application
Cinquini, Lino
Miolo Vitali, Paola
Pitzalis, Arianna
Campanale, Cristina
I19 - Other
I1 - Health
Activity Based Costing (ABC) techniques are designed to support
advanced cost analysis in different organizations. Centred on organization
activities and processes, it provides more accurate cost information on cost
objects using appropriate cost drivers and constitutes a powerful costing model
to improve efficiency and effectiveness in delivering products and services.
ABC can be successfully appl ied also in Health Care organizations, where the
patient is the main “object” of the activities performed. In addition, in can be
fruitfully used in costing the resource consumption of new medical technology
devices or surgery processes to assess their eco nomic impact on health care
costs. The purpose of this paper is to describe an Activity based costing model
designed to measure and control resources consumption and cost when a new
technology is applied in health care processes. An ABC model has been
defined in relation to laparoscopic technologies applied to surgical cases,
designing a health care “activity hierarchy” based on the processes of a specific
local unit organization. The output of the application has been a full cost of
laparoscopic surgery to be compared with the correspondent DRG current
value. As a further result, the paper shows how the ABC model is able to generate
different cost figures referred to activity levels or aggregations able to support
decision making especially when the introdu ction of a new surgical technology
has to be economically assessed. Propositions are finally made to generate
discussion about the effectiveness of the existing cost accounting systems in the
health care organizations and on the need for the wider diffusio n of ABC
techniques in this service sector.
2007-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4992/1/MPRA_paper_4992.pdf
Cinquini, Lino and Miolo Vitali, Paola and Pitzalis, Arianna and Campanale, Cristina (2007): Cost Measurement in Laparoscopic Surgery: Results from an Activity-Based Costing Application.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8501
2019-09-29T05:31:31Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513535
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8501/
Naturalness and Neuronal Implants – Changes in the perception of human beings
Fiedeler, Ulrich
Krings, Bettina
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
I19 - Other
Q55 - Technological Innovation
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
A14 - Sociology of Economics
With our contribution we would like to refer to the debate on nanotechnology (NT) and its implications for the public discourse on the relationship of human beings and technologies. Within NT the convergence of some technologies has been considered as a crucial step towards the long term objective of “enhancing human performance”.
The discussion was initiated with an US-American workshop in the year 2002, where the innovative character of converging technology (CT) was strongly underlined (Roco 2002). In the final document of the workshop futuristic and far reaching scenarios on technical development based on NT and on CT were presented. First we address the implications of the mentioned document for research policy in general and especially of NT. Based on the example of neural implants we second qualify the normative expectations within the debate without however denying the helpfulness of these innovations especially in the field of medicine. But we third agree on a critical discussion, which consider a new quality of technological penetration into social and human processes.
2006-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8501/1/MPRA_paper_8501.pdf
Fiedeler, Ulrich and Krings, Bettina (2006): Naturalness and Neuronal Implants – Changes in the perception of human beings.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8685
2019-09-26T14:52:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513139
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8685/
Livelihood Risk from HIV in Semi-Arid Tropics of Rural Andhra Pradesh
Gandhi, B. Valentine Joseph
Bantilan, M. Cynthia Serquina
Parthasarathy, Devanathan
Q19 - Other
I19 - Other
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
This paper discusses the livelihood dynamics in the fragile landscape of the semi-arid tropics (SAT) of Andhra Pradesh. SAT is home to the poorest of the poor who live in
conditions of persistent drought, subsistence agriculture and poor access to markets. This paper is a case study focusing particularly on labour migration, its role in influencing the health risk behaviour of migrants and in the spread of the HIV epidemic among SAT rural households. The most vulnerable population in these drought prone regions are the migrant labourers, and their vulnerability is influenced by three major factors—the vulnerability and
unstable productivity in the degraded and marginal landscape, the caste system that has traditionally kept them backward and vulnerable, and experiences in the external environment to which they migrate. This study is based on a theoretical framework, whereby livelihood risks lead to health risks, particularly HIV infection—outlines the process that causes a further deterioration of the household and the occurrence of cyclical health risk. The paper calls for a multisectoral approach to tackle the issue of migrant vulnerability, and for interventions with a more migrant-need sensitive approach.
2008-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8685/1/MPRA_paper_8685.pdf
Gandhi, B. Valentine Joseph and Bantilan, M. Cynthia Serquina and Parthasarathy, Devanathan (2008): Livelihood Risk from HIV in Semi-Arid Tropics of Rural Andhra Pradesh. Published in: UNU WIDER Research Paper Series No 49 (April 2008)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9926
2019-09-28T06:10:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9926/
Social Health Insurance in Vietnam
Giang, Thanh Long
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I19 - Other
This paper aims to provide an overview of the social health insurance scheme in Vietnam, including historical development and current policy issues. It shows that the scheme has significantly contributed to the impressive progresses of the country’s health sector, but it also will face a variety of administrative and financial challenges posed by labor mobility, widening inequality, poverty severity, and expected aging population. The paper also discusses some policy recommendations to improve effectiveness of the scheme, as well as to cope with challenges for further development.
2008-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9926/1/MPRA_paper_9926.pdf
Giang, Thanh Long (2008): Social Health Insurance in Vietnam.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10833
2019-09-27T04:40:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10833/
Positive externalities of congestion, human capital, and socio-economic factors: A case study of chronic illness in Japan.
yamamura, eiji
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
I19 - Other
This paper explores, using Japanese panel data for the years 1988-2002, how externalities from congestion and human capital influence deaths caused by chronic illnesses. Major findings through fixed effects 2SLS estimation were as follows: (1) the number of deaths were smaller in more densely-populated areas, and this tendency was more distinct for males; (2) higher human capital correlated with a decreased number of deaths, with the effect being greater in females than in males. These findings suggest that human capital and positive externalities stemming from congestion make a contribution to improving lifestyle, which is affected differently by socio-economic circumstance in males and females.
2008-09-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10833/1/MPRA_paper_10833.pdf
yamamura, eiji (2008): Positive externalities of congestion, human capital, and socio-economic factors: A case study of chronic illness in Japan.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14983
2019-09-29T09:51:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14983/
Differences of the effects of social capital on health status among residents: evidence from modern Japan.
Yamamura, Eiji
I19 - Other
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
This paper aims to explore how social capital is related to self-rated health status in Japan and how this relationship depends on the extent to which a person is embedded into community. The study used data from 3 079 adult participants in the 2000 Social Policy and Social Consciousness (SPSC) survey. Controlling for unobserved city size- and area-specific fixed effects, I find through Ordered Probit estimation that social capital has a significantly positive effect on health status for long-time but not for short-time residents. Results also suggested that the experience of divorce is negatively associated with health status for long- time but not short-time residents. People can enjoy a social network that can be regarded as a kind of social capital if they are a member of a network; nevertheless, people appear to be negatively influenced if they are excluded from a network. Such positive and negative effects of social capital are more obvious when people are more deeply integrated into a community. An empirical study provided evidence that social capital and socio-economic effects on health status are significantly influenced by the extent to which respondents are integrated into a community.
2009-05-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14983/1/MPRA_paper_14983.pdf
Yamamura, Eiji (2009): Differences of the effects of social capital on health status among residents: evidence from modern Japan.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14985
2019-09-28T07:06:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14985/
Why effects of social capital on health status differ between genders: considering the labor market condition
Yamamura, Eiji
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
I19 - Other
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
This paper explores how social capital is related with self-rated health status in Japan and how this relationship is affected by gender, using data for 3075 adult participants in the 2000 Social Policy and Social Consciousness (SPSC) survey. Controlling for endogenous bias, unobserved city size- and area-specific fixed effects, I find that social capital has a significant positive influence on health status for females but not for males. If samples are limited to persons with a job, social capital effects drastically decrease and the difference between genders diminishes. This empirical study provides evidence that people without a job can afford to allocate time to accumulate social capital and thereby improve their health status.
2009-05-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14985/1/MPRA_paper_14985.pdf
Yamamura, Eiji (2009): Why effects of social capital on health status differ between genders: considering the labor market condition.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17620
2019-09-30T16:52:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17620/
A Time-Series Analysis of U.S. Kidney Transplantation and the Waiting List: Donor Substitution Effects and "Dirty Altruism"
Beard, T. Randolph
Jackson, John D.
Kaserman, David
Kim, Hyeongwoo
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I19 - Other
This paper provides an econometric analysis of the relationship between live and deceased (cadaveric) kidney donations for the United States for the period 1992:IV through 2006:II. Statistical analysis shows that increases in deceased donor transplants reduce future live donor grafts, controlling for both waiting list effects and exogenous trends. This result has important, and potentially dire, implications for efforts to reduce the organ shortage by increasing use of cadaver donors.
2009-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17620/1/MPRA_paper_17620.pdf
Beard, T. Randolph and Jackson, John D. and Kaserman, David and Kim, Hyeongwoo (2009): A Time-Series Analysis of U.S. Kidney Transplantation and the Waiting List: Donor Substitution Effects and "Dirty Altruism".
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18242
2019-10-12T03:51:12Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18242/
Economic Growth and Cancer Incidence
Ferretti, Fabrizio
O10 - General
I19 - Other
After heart disease, cancer is the most common cause of death in many developed countries. Understanding how the overall cancer incidence evolves during economic growth can help macroeconomic attempts to forecast the economic impact of cancer and to manage resources allocation in planning health services. In this paper, we discuss the relationship between economic growth and cancer incidence. The purposes of the paper are to describe and measure the influence of an increasing real per capita income on the overall incidence of cancer. Using worldwide cross-sectional data for 162 countries, regression results with crude and age-standardised rates, allow us to measure the elasticity of cancer incidence with respect to per capita income, and to decompose the elasticity coefficient into two components: age-effect and lifestyle-effect.
2008-10-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18242/1/MPRA_paper_18242.pdf
Ferretti, Fabrizio (2008): Economic Growth and Cancer Incidence. Published in: Briefing Notes in Economics , Vol. 2, No. 81 (5 October 2008): pp. 1-14.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21435
2019-09-30T01:01:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21435/
State-wise pattern of gender bias in child health in India
Patra, Nilanjan
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
I19 - Other
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
Health being one of the most basic capabilities, the removal of gender bias in child health can go a long way in achieving gender parity in many other dimensions of human development. The present study examines the state-wise pattern of gender bias in child health in India. It uses 21 selected indicators of health outcome (e.g., post-neonatal death, child death and prevalence of malnutrition) and health-seeking behaviour (e.g., full immunisation, oral rehydration therapy, fever/ cough treatment and breast-feeding). Three rounds of unit level National Family Health Survey data are analysed using Borda Rule and Principal Component Analysis techniques. Children under age three years are the unit of the analysis. The study found that any consistently robust state-wise pattern of gender bias against girl children in child health is not present among all the 29 Indian states over the three rounds of NFHSs. Among the major 19 states, there is high gender bias in three Empowered Action Group of states (namely, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Bihar) and in Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, and Gujarat as well. However, there is a consistent state-wise pattern in girl children’s health achievement. With Rawlsian theory of justice, to reduce gender bias in child health we need to focus on the states with low health achievement by girls.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21435/1/MPRA_paper_21435.pdf
Patra, Nilanjan (2008): State-wise pattern of gender bias in child health in India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22967
2019-10-03T16:42:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22967/
Differences in the effect of social capital on health status between workers and non-workers
Yamamura, Eiji
I19 - Other
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
This paper explores the relationship of social capital to self-rated health status in Japan, and how this is affected by the labor market. Data of 3075 adult participants in the 2000 Social Policy and Social Consciousness (SPSC) survey were used. Controlling for endogenous bias, the main finding is that social capital has a significant positive influence on health status for people without a job but not for those with. This empirical study provides evidence that people without a job can afford to allocate time to accumulate social capital and thereby improve their health status.
2010-05-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22967/1/MPRA_paper_22967.pdf
Yamamura, Eiji (2010): Differences in the effect of social capital on health status between workers and non-workers.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26712
2019-09-27T03:03:04Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26712/
Projecting health-care expenditure for Switzerland: further evidence against the 'red-herring' hypothesis
Colombier, Carsten
Weber, Werner
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
I19 - Other
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
This paper contributes to the debate about the impact of population ageing on health care expenditure. Some health economists claim that the commonly presumed impact of population ageing is a "red herring". Based on empirical studies these authors conclude that proximity to death and not age per se matters. In projecting health care expenditure for Switzerland the present study provides evidence that proximity to death is of marginal importance. These projections suggest that population ageing is still the most important age-related cost-driver. Moreover, morbidity outweighs mortality as a factor of health-care expenditure. But most vital are non-demographic drivers such as medical progress. Thus, from the point of view of cost-benefit analysis one should even ignore costs of dying when projecting health care expenditure. Moreover, regressions might overestimate proximity to death due to systematic biases. Finally, ever-increasing health-care expenditure can be slowed down by appropriate policy measures.
2009-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26712/1/MPRA_paper_26712.pdf
Colombier, Carsten and Weber, Werner (2009): Projecting health-care expenditure for Switzerland: further evidence against the 'red-herring' hypothesis. Forthcoming in: International Journal of Health Planning and Management (2010)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26745
2019-09-29T18:19:13Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26745/
Projecting health-care expenditure for Switzerland: further evidence against the 'red-herring' hypothesis
Colombier, Carsten
Weber, Werner
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
I19 - Other
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
This paper contributes to the debate about the impact of population ageing on health care expenditure. Some health economists claim that the commonly presumed impact of population ageing is a "red herring". Based on empirical studies these authors conclude that proximity to death and not age per se matters. In projecting health care expenditure for Switzerland the present study provides evidence that proximity to death is of marginal importance. These projections suggest that population ageing is still the most important age-related cost-driver. Moreover, morbidity outweighs mortality as a factor of health-care expenditure. But most vital are non-demographic drivers such as medical progress. Thus, from the point of view of cost-benefit analysis one should even ignore costs of dying when projecting health care expenditure. Moreover, regressions might overestimate proximity to death due to systematic biases. Finally, ever-increasing health-care expenditure can be slowed down by appropriate policy measures.
2009-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26745/2/MPRA_paper_26745.pdf
Colombier, Carsten and Weber, Werner (2009): Projecting health-care expenditure for Switzerland: further evidence against the 'red-herring' hypothesis. Forthcoming in: International Journal of Health Planning and Management (2010)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26747
2019-09-26T09:22:24Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26747/
Projecting health-care expenditure for Switzerland: further evidence against the 'red-herring' hypothesis
Colombier, Carsten
Weber, Werner
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
I19 - Other
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
This paper contributes to the debate about the impact of population ageing on health care expenditure. Some health economists claim that the commonly presumed impact of population ageing is a "red herring". Based on empirical studies these authors conclude that proximity to death and not age per se matters. In projecting health care expenditure for Switzerland the present study provides evidence that proximity to death is of marginal importance. These projections suggest that population ageing is still the most important age-related cost-driver. Moreover, morbidity outweighs mortality as a factor of health-care expenditure. But most vital are non-demographic drivers such as medical progress. Thus, from the point of view of cost-benefit analysis one should even ignore costs of dying when projecting health care expenditure. Moreover, regressions might overestimate proximity to death due to systematic biases. Finally, ever-increasing health-care expenditure can be slowed down by appropriate policy measures.
2009-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26747/1/MPRA_paper_26747.pdf
Colombier, Carsten and Weber, Werner (2009): Projecting health-care expenditure for Switzerland: further evidence against the 'red-herring' hypothesis. Forthcoming in: International Journal of Health Planning and Management (2010)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29404
2019-10-07T18:01:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29404/
Borrowing for hospitalization in India
Pal, Rama
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I19 - Other
Borrowing to cover hospital costs is a major concern in developing countries, like India, as it may push households into despairs of poverty and indebtedness. The present study examines factors that lead to borrowing for hospitalization in case of Indian households. For this purpose, we use sample selection model. The analysis points out vulnerability of households from deprived sections of society and uneducated households, as they are more likely to borrow. Moreover, higher availability of public hospitals lowers probability of borrowing in rural areas. Thus, increasing coverage of public hospitals in rural areas might prove to be helpful.
2010-08-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29404/1/MPRA_paper_29404.pdf
Pal, Rama (2010): Borrowing for hospitalization in India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29536
2019-09-26T08:38:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29536/
Differences in the effect of social capital on health status between workers and non-workers
Yamamura, Eiji
I19 - Other
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
This paper explores the relationship of social capital to self-rated health status in Japan, and how this is affected by the labor market. Data of 3075 adult participants in the 2000 Social Policy and Social Consciousness (SPSC) survey were used. Controlling for endogenous bias, the main finding is that social capital has a significant positive influence on health status for people without a job but not for those with. This empirical study provides evidence that people without a job can afford to allocate time to accumulate social capital and thereby improve their health status.
2011-03-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29536/1/MPRA_paper_29536.pdf
Yamamura, Eiji (2011): Differences in the effect of social capital on health status between workers and non-workers.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29729
2019-10-04T05:48:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29729/
Quality of life evidence for patients with Alzheimer’s disease: use of existing quality of life evidence from the ADENA trials to estimate the utility impact of Exelon®
Brazier, J
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
This paper utilises the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of patients with Alzheimer’s disease to establish a relationship between disease progression and quality of life measures, and the author also compares his results to findings from the literature review about Alzheimer’s patient utility.
2001
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29729/1/MPRA_paper_29729.pdf
Brazier, J (2001): Quality of life evidence for patients with Alzheimer’s disease: use of existing quality of life evidence from the ADENA trials to estimate the utility impact of Exelon®.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29740
2019-09-26T13:07:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29740/
Deriving preference-based single indices from non-preference based condition-specific instruments: converting AQLQ into EQ5D indices
Tsuchiya, A
Brazier, J
McColl, E
Parkin, D
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Suppose that one has a clinical dataset with only non-preference-based QOL data, and that one nevertheless would like to perform a cost/QALY analysis. This study reports on some efforts to establish a “mapping” relationship between AQLQ (a non-preference-based QOL instrument for asthma) and EQ5D (a preference-based generic instrument). Various methods are described in terms of associated assumptions regarding the measurement properties of the instruments. This is followed by empirical mapping, based on regressing EQ5D on AQLQ. Six main regression models and two supplementary models are identified, and the regressions carried out. Performance of each model is explored in terms of goodness of fit between observed and predicted values, and of robustness of predictions on external data. The results show that it is possible to predict mean EQ5D indices given AQLQ data. The general implications for methods of mapping non-preference-based instruments onto preference-based measures are discussed.
2002-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29740/1/MPRA_paper_29740.pdf
Tsuchiya, A and Brazier, J and McColl, E and Parkin, D (2002): Deriving preference-based single indices from non-preference based condition-specific instruments: converting AQLQ into EQ5D indices.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29742
2019-09-28T08:07:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29742/
Sample sizes for the SF-6D preference based measure of health from the SF-36: a practical guide
Walters, SJ
Brazier, JE
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Background
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) measures are becoming more frequently used in clinical trials and health services research, both as primary and secondary endpoints. Investigators are now asking statisticians for advice on how to plan and analyse studies using HRQoL measures, which includes questions on sample size. Sample size requirements are critically dependent on the aims of the study, the outcome measure and its summary measure, the effect size and the method of calculating the test statistic. The SF-6D is a new single summary preference-based measure of health derived from the SF-36 suitable for use clinical trials and in the economic evaluation of health technologies.
Objectives
To describe and compare two methods of calculating sample sizes when using the SF-6D in comparative clinical trials and to give pragmatic guidance to researchers on what method to use.
Methods
We describe two main methods of sample size estimation. The parametric (t-test) method assumes the SF-6D data is continuous and normally distributed and that the effect size is the difference between two means. The non-parametric (Mann-Whitney MW) method assumes the data are continuous and not normally distributed and the effect size is defined in terms of the probability that an observation drawn at random from population Y would exceed an observation drawn at random from population X. We used bootstrap computer simulation to compare the power of the two methods for detecting a shift in location.
Results
This paper describes the SF-6D and retrospectively calculated parametric and nonparametric effect sizes for the SF-6D from a variety of studies that had previously used the SF-36. Computer simulation suggested that if the distribution of the SF-6D is reasonably symmetric then the t-test appears to be more powerful than the MW test at detecting differences in means. Therefore if the distribution of the SF-6D is symmetric or expected to be reasonably symmetric then parametric methods should be used for sample size calculations and analysis. If the distribution of the SF-6D is skewed then the MW test appears to be more powerful at detecting a location shift (difference in means) than the t-test. However, the differences in power (between the t and MW tests) are small and decrease as the sample size increases.
Conclusions
We have provided a clear description of the distribution of the SF-6D and believe that the mean is an appropriate summary measure for the SF-6D when it is to be used in clinical trials and the economic evaluation of new health technologies. Therefore pragmatically we would recommend that parametric methods be used for sample size calculation and analysis when using the SF-6D.
2002-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29742/1/MPRA_paper_29742.pdf
Walters, SJ and Brazier, JE (2002): Sample sizes for the SF-6D preference based measure of health from the SF-36: a practical guide.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29744
2019-10-10T05:06:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29744/
Health state values for the HUI 2 descriptive system: results from a UK survey
McCabe, C
Stevens, K
Roberts, J
Brazier, JE
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
This paper reports the results of a study to estimate a statistical health state valuation model for a revised version of the Health Utilities Index Mark 2, using Standard Gamble health state preference data. A sample of 51 health states were valued by a sample of the 198 members of the UK general population. Models are estimated for predicting health state valuations for all 8,000 states defined by the revised HUI2. The recommended model produces logical and significant coefficients for all levels of all dimensions in the HUI2. These coefficients appear to be robust across model specifications. This model performs well in predicting the observed health state values within the valuation sample and for a separate validation sample of health states. However, there are concerns over large prediction errors for two health states in the valuation sample. These problems must be balanced against concerns over the validity of using the VAS based health state valuation data of the original HUI2 valuation model.
2003-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29744/1/MPRA_paper_29744.pdf
McCabe, C and Stevens, K and Roberts, J and Brazier, JE (2003): Health state values for the HUI 2 descriptive system: results from a UK survey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29759
2019-10-09T04:45:19Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29759/
Estimating population cardinal health state valuation models from individual ordinal (rank) health state preference data
McCabe, C
Brazier, J
Gilks, P
Tsuchiya, A
Roberts, J
O'Hagan, A
Stevens, K
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Ranking exercises have routinely been used as warm-up exercises within health state valuation surveys. Very little use has been made of the information obtained in this process. Instead, research has focussed upon the analysis of health state valuation data obtained using the visual analogue scale, standard gamble and time trade off methods.
Thurstone’s law of comparative judgement postulates a stable relationship between ordinal and cardinal preferences, based upon the information provided by pairwise choices. McFadden proposed that this relationship could be modelled by estimating conditional logistic regression models where alternatives had been ranked. In this paper we report the estimation of such models for the Health Utilities Index Mark 2 and the SF-6D. The results are compared to the conventional regression models estimated from standard gamble data, and to the observed mean standard gamble health state valuations.
For both the HUI2 and the SF-6D, the models estimated using rank data are broadly comparable to the models estimated on standard gamble data and the predictive performance of these models is close to that of the standard gamble models. Our research indicates that rank data has the potential to provide useful insights into community health state preferences. However, important questions remain.
2004-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29759/1/MPRA_paper_29759.pdf
McCabe, C and Brazier, J and Gilks, P and Tsuchiya, A and Roberts, J and O'Hagan, A and Stevens, K (2004): Estimating population cardinal health state valuation models from individual ordinal (rank) health state preference data. Published in: Journal of Health Economics , Vol. 3, No. 25 (2006): pp. 418-431.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29760
2019-10-04T03:22:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29760/
Evidence of preference construction in a comparison of variants of the standard gamble method
Brazier, J
Dolan, P
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
An increasingly important debate has emerged around the extent to which techniques such as the standard gamble, which is used, amongst other things, to value health states, actually serve to construct respondents' preferences rather than simply elicit them. According to standard theory, the variant used should have no bearing on the numbers elicited from respondents, i.e. procedural invariance should hold. This study addresses this debate by comparing two variants of standard gamble in the valuation of health states. It was a mixed methods study that combines a quantitative comparison with the probing of respondents in order to ascertain possible reasons for the differences that emerged. Significant differences were found between variants and, furthermore, there was evidence of an ordering effect. Respondents’ responses to probing suggested that they were influenced by the method of elicitation.
2005-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29760/1/MPRA_paper_29760.pdf
Brazier, J and Dolan, P (2005): Evidence of preference construction in a comparison of variants of the standard gamble method.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29762
2019-09-28T03:52:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29762/
Current state of the art in preference-based measures of health and avenues for further research
Brazier, J
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Preference-based measures of health (PBMH) have been developed primarily for use in economic evaluation. They have two components, a standardized, multidimensional system for classifying health states and a set of preference weights or scores that generate a single index score for each health state defined by the classification, where full health is one and zero is equivalent to death. A health state can have a score of less than zero if regarded as worse than being dead. These PMBH can be distinguished from non-preference-based measures by the way the scoring algorithms have been developed, in that they are estimated from the values people place on different aspects of health rather than a simple summative scoring procedure or weights obtained from techniques based on item response patterns (e.g., factor analysis or Rasch analysis).
The use of PBMH has grown considerably over the last decade with the increasing use of economic evaluation to inform health policy. Preference-based measures have become a common means of generating health state values for calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALY). The status of PBMH was considerably enhanced by the recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine to use them in economic evaluation. A key requirement for PBHM in economic evaluation is that they allow comparison across programmes.
While PBMH have been developed primarily for use in economic evaluation, they have also been used to measure health in populations. PBHM provide a better means than a profile measure of determining whether there has been an overall improvement in self-perceived health. The preference-based nature of their scoring algorithms also offers an advantage over non-preference-based measures since the overall summary score reflects what is important to the general population. A non-preference-based measure does not provide an indication to policy makers of the overall importance of health differences between groups or of changes over time.
The purpose of this paper is to critically review methods of designing preference based measures. The paper begins by reviewing approaches to deriving preference weights for PBMH, and this is followed by a brief description and comparison of five common PBMH. The main part of the paper then critically reviews the core components of these measures, namely the classifications for describing health states, the source of their values, and the methods for estimating the scoring algorithm. The final section proposes future research priorities for this field.
2005-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29762/1/MPRA_paper_29762.pdf
Brazier, J (2005): Current state of the art in preference-based measures of health and avenues for further research.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29768
2019-09-27T10:52:12Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29768/
Estimation of a preference based single index from the sexual quality of life questionnaire (SQOL) using ordinal data
Ratcliffe, J
Brazier, J
Tsuchiya, A
Symonds, T
Brown, M
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
There is increasing interest in using ordinal methods to estimate cardinal values for health states to calculate quality adjusted life years. This paper reports the estimation of models of rank data and discrete choice experiment (DCE) data to derive a preference-based index from a condition specific measure relating to sexual health and to compare the results to values generated from time trade-off valuation (TTO). The DCE data were analysed using a random effects probit model and the DCE predicted values were rescaled according to the highest and lowest predicted TTO values corresponding to the best and worst SQOL health states respectively. The rank data were analysed using a rank ordered logit model and re-scaled using two alternative methods. Firstly, re-scaling the rank predicted values using identical methods to those employed for DCE and secondly, re-scaling the rank model coefficients by dividing each level coefficient by the coefficient relating to death. The study raises some important issues about the use of ordinal data to produce cardinal health state valuations.
2006-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29768/1/MPRA_paper_29768.pdf
Ratcliffe, J and Brazier, J and Tsuchiya, A and Symonds, T and Brown, M (2006): Estimation of a preference based single index from the sexual quality of life questionnaire (SQOL) using ordinal data. Published in: Health Economics , Vol. 18, No. 11 (November 2009): pp. 1261-1276.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29770
2019-10-02T22:56:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29770/
An Internet “Value of Health” panel: recruitment, participation and compliance
Stein, K
Dyer, M
Crabb, T
Milne, R
Round, A
Ratcliffe, J
Brazier, J
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
OBJECTIVES
To recruit a panel of members of the public to provide preferences in response to the needs of economic evaluators over the course of a year.
METHODS
A sample of members of the UK general public was recruited in a stratified random sample from the electoral roll and familiarised with the standard gamble method of preference elicitation using an internet based tool. Recruitment (proportion of people approached who were trained), participation (defined as the proportion of people trained who provided any preferences) and compliance (defined as the proportion of preference tasks which were completed) were described. The influence of covariates on these outcomes was investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses.
RESULTS
A panel of 112 people was recruited. The eventual panel reflected national demographics to some extent, but recruitment from areas of high socioeconomic deprivation and among ethnic minority communities was low. 23% of people who were approached (n= 5,320) responded to the invitation to take part in the study, and 24% of respondents (n=1,215) were willing to participate. However, eventual recruitment rates, following training, were low (2.1% of those approached), although significantly higher in Exeter than other cities. 18 sets of health state descriptions were presented to the panel over 14 months. 74% of panel members praticipated in at least one valuation task. Socioeconomic and marital status were significantly associated with participation. Compliance varied from 3% to 100%, with the average per set of health state descriptions being 41%. Compliance was higher in retired people but otherwise no significant predictors were identified.
CONCLUSIONS
It is feasible to recruit and train a panel of members of the general public to express preferences on a wide range of health states using the internet in response to the needs of analysts. In order to provide a sample which reflects the demographics of the general public, and capitalise on the increasing opportunities for the use of the internet in this field, over-sampling in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation and among ethnic minority communities is necessary.
2006-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29770/1/MPRA_paper_29770.pdf
Stein, K and Dyer, M and Crabb, T and Milne, R and Round, A and Ratcliffe, J and Brazier, J (2006): An Internet “Value of Health” panel: recruitment, participation and compliance.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29802
2019-09-28T09:48:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29802/
The use of Rasch analysis as a tool in the construction of a preference based measure: the case of AQLQ
Young, Tracey A.
Yang, Y
Brazier, J
Tsuchiya, A
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
The majority of quality of life instruments are not preference-based measures and so cannot be used within cost utility analysis. The Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) is one such instrument. The aim of this study was to develop a health state classification that is amenable to valuation from the AQLQ.
Rasch models were applied to samples of responders to the AQLQ with the aim of i) selecting a number of items for a preference based utility measure (AQL-5D), ii) reducing the number of levels for each item to a more manageable number of levels for establishing AQL-5D. Selection of items for the evaluation survey was supported with conventional psychometric criteria for item selection (feasibility, internal consistency, floor and ceiling effects, responsiveness and regression against overall health).
The role of Rasch analysis in reducing the number of item levels to a preconceived target number of levels proved unsuccessful. However, Rasch analysis proved to be a useful tool in assisting in the initial process of selecting items from an existing HRQL instrument in the construction of AQL-5D. The method is recommended for use alongside conventional psychometric testing to aid in the development of preference-based measures.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29802/1/MPRA_paper_29802.pdf
Young, Tracey A. and Yang, Y and Brazier, J and Tsuchiya, A (2007): The use of Rasch analysis as a tool in the construction of a preference based measure: the case of AQLQ.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29804
2019-09-28T06:04:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29804/
Estimating a preference-based single index from the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ)
Yang, Y
Tsuchiya, A
Brazier, J
Young, Tracey A.
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
This paper presents a study to estimate a preference-based single index from the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ). Based on the AQL-5D which is a health classification system directly derived from AQLQ, 98 health states were valued by a sample of 307 members of the UK general population. Models were estimated to predict all possible 3125 health states defined by the AQL-5D and compared using a set of criteria. The mean model of main effects was recommended of preferable prediction ability and logically consistent and significant coefficients for levels of dimensions. However, there are concerns over condition-specific valuation issues, such as presenting asthma information to the general public and the choice of condition specific full health as the upper anchor for TTO valuation.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29804/1/MPRA_paper_29804.pdf
Yang, Y and Tsuchiya, A and Brazier, J and Young, Tracey A. (2007): Estimating a preference-based single index from the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ).
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29806
2019-09-27T04:32:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29806/
A comparison of United States and United Kingdom EQ-5D health states valuations using a nonparametric Bayesian method
O'Hagan, A
Brazier, JE
Kharroubi, SA
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Few studies have compared preference values of health states obtained in different countries. This paper applies a nonparametric model to estimate and compare EQ-5D health state valuation data obtained from two countries using Bayesian methods. The data set is the US and UK EQ-5D valuation studies where a sample of 42 states defined by the EQ-5D was valued by representative samples of the general population from each country using the time trade-off technique. We estimate a function applicable across both countries which explicitly accounts for the differences between them, and is estimated using the data from both countries. The paper discusses the implications of these results for future applications of the EQ-5D and further work in this field.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29806/1/MPRA_paper_29806.pdf
O'Hagan, A and Brazier, JE and Kharroubi, SA (2007): A comparison of United States and United Kingdom EQ-5D health states valuations using a nonparametric Bayesian method.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29808
2019-10-03T17:44:03Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29808/
A review of studies mapping (or cross walking) from non-preference based measures of health to generic preference-based measures
Brazier, JE
Yang, Y
Tsuchiya, A
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
This paper presents a systematic review of current practice in mapping between nonpreference based measures and generic preference-based measures. It reviews the studies identified by a systematic search of the published literature and the grey literature. This review seeks to address the feasibility and overall validity of this approach, the circumstances when it should be considered and to bring together any lessons for future mapping studies.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29808/1/MPRA_paper_29808.pdf
Brazier, JE and Yang, Y and Tsuchiya, A (2008): A review of studies mapping (or cross walking) from non-preference based measures of health to generic preference-based measures. Published in: European Journal of Health Economics , Vol. 11, No. 2 (2010): pp. 215-225.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29828
2019-09-28T21:12:59Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29828/
Making Rasch decisions: the use of Rasch analysis in the construction of preference based health related quality of life instruments
Young, Tracey A.
Yang, Y
Brazier, J
Tsuchiya, A
Coyne, K
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Objective: To set out the methodological process for using Rasch analysis alongside traditional psychometric methods in the development of a health state classification that is amenable to valuation.
Methods: The overactive bladder questionnaire is used to illustrate a four step process for deriving a reduced health state classification from an existing nonpreference based health related quality of life instrument. Step I excludes items that do not meet the initial validation process and step II uses criteria based on Rasch analysis and psychometric testing to select the final items for the health state classification. In step III, item levels are examined and Rasch analysis is used to explore the possibility of reducing the number of item levels. Step IV repeats steps I to III on alternative data sets in order to validate the selection of items for the health state classification.
Conclusions: The techniques described enable the construction of a health state classification amenable for valuation exercises that will allow the derivation of preference weights. Thus, the health related quality of life of patients with conditions, like overactive bladder, can be valued and quality adjustment weights such as quality adjusted life years derived.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29828/1/MPRA_paper_29828.pdf
Young, Tracey A. and Yang, Y and Brazier, J and Tsuchiya, A and Coyne, K (2008): Making Rasch decisions: the use of Rasch analysis in the construction of preference based health related quality of life instruments. Published in: Quality of Life Research , Vol. 18, No. 2 (2009): pp. 253-265.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29831
2019-09-28T04:34:55Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29831/
Mapping SF-36 onto the EQ-5D index: how reliable is the relationship?
Rowen, D
Brazier, J
Roberts, J
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Mapping from health status measures onto generic preference-based measures is becoming a common solution when health state utility values are not directly available for economic evaluation. However the accuracy and reliability of the models employed is largely untested, and there is little evidence of their suitability in patient datasets. This paper examines whether mapping approaches are reliable and accurate in terms of their predictions for a large and varied UK patient dataset. SF-36 dimension scores are mapped onto the EQ-5D index using a number of different model specifications. The predicted EQ-5D scores for subsets of the sample are compared across inpatient and outpatient settings and medical conditions. This paper compares the results to those obtained from existing mapping functions. Our results suggest that models mapping the SF-36 onto the EQ-5D have similar predictions across inpatient and outpatient setting and medical conditions. However, the models overpredict for more severe EQ-5D states; this problem is also present in the existing mapping functions.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29831/1/MPRA_paper_29831.pdf
Rowen, D and Brazier, J and Roberts, J (2008): Mapping SF-36 onto the EQ-5D index: how reliable is the relationship? Published in: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes , Vol. 7, (2009): p. 27.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29834
2019-09-28T05:59:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29834/
Combining Rasch and cluster analysis: a novel method for developing rheumatoid arthritis states for use in valuation studies
McTaggart-Cowan, H
Brazier, J
Tsuchiya, A
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Purpose: Health states that describe an investigated condition are a crucial component of valuation studies. The health states need to be distinct, comprehensible, and data-driven. The objective of this study was to describe a novel application of Rasch and cluster analyses in the development of three rheumatoid arthritis health states.
Methods: The Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was subjected to Rasch analysis to select the items that best represent disability. K-means cluster analysis produced health states with the levels of the selected items. The pain and discomfort domain from the EuroQol-5D was incorporated at the final stage.
Results: The results demonstrate a methodology for reducing a dataset containing individual disease-specific scores to generate health states. The four selected HAQ items were bending down, climbing steps, lifting a cup to your mouth, and standing up from a chair.
Conclusions: Overall, the combined use of Rasch and cluster analysis has proved to be an effective technique for identifying the most important items and levels for the construction of health states.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29834/1/MPRA_paper_29834.pdf
McTaggart-Cowan, H and Brazier, J and Tsuchiya, A (2008): Combining Rasch and cluster analysis: a novel method for developing rheumatoid arthritis states for use in valuation studies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29836
2019-09-26T13:06:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29836/
A qualitative study exploring the general population’s perception of rheumatoid arthritis after being informed about disease adaptation
McTaggart-Cowan, H
O'Cathain, A
Tsuchiya, A
Brazier, J
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Purpose: This study aimed to gain an understanding of what factors induce individuals to alter their opinions about a health condition after being informed about disease adaptation and being given time to reflect and deliberate on this information. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) states are used as an illustration.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 members of the general population. They completed two time trade-off exercises for three RA states and underwent an adaptation exercise (AE) which consisted of listening to recordings of patients discussing how they adapted to RA. Also included was a structured discussion to encourage the participant to reflect on how the patients have adapted. Participants were shown their own health state values, as well as patient values.
Findings: After being informed about disease adaptation and reflecting on the information, participants were more likely to consider adaptation and alter their opinions of RA if they were able to empathise with the patients in the AE. This enabled individuals to feel that they could cope by reflecting on their experience of RA in family and friends, by drawing on others for support if they had RA, and by having a positive attitude towards life.
Conclusions: The results demonstrate that there is a range of reasons for which people change their perceptions about RA; this requires further exploration.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29836/1/MPRA_paper_29836.pdf
McTaggart-Cowan, H and O'Cathain, A and Tsuchiya, A and Brazier, J (2009): A qualitative study exploring the general population’s perception of rheumatoid arthritis after being informed about disease adaptation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29837
2019-09-26T15:09:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29837/
The impact of losses in income due to ill health: does the EQ-5D reflect lost earnings?
Tilling, C
Krol, M
Tsuchiya, A
Brazier, J
van Exel, J
Brouwer, W
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
Two key questions in the context of UK health policy are: do the published preference indices for EQ-5D reflect the impact of lost earnings? Are we currently implicitly including indirect costs in our analyses? It is crucial to investigate whether or not individuals take into account any possible impact of lost income in health state valuation exercises. If respondents do consider income effects, and these considerations change valuations, then these effects would need to be excluded both under the current NICE reference case, or where productivity costs are included in the numerator to avoid double counting. This study adapts the study design used to generate population value sets for EQ-5D, as first used in the Measurement and Valuation of Health (MVH) Study, and carries out valuations of hypothetical EQ-5D states using Time Trade Off (TTO) exercises through an online survey administered in the Netherlands. Furthermore, this study uses a number of different TTO questions to explore the impact of losses in income on the valuation of hypothetical health states, and to determine the relationship between income and health.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29837/1/MPRA_paper_29837.pdf
Tilling, C and Krol, M and Tsuchiya, A and Brazier, J and van Exel, J and Brouwer, W (2009): The impact of losses in income due to ill health: does the EQ-5D reflect lost earnings?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29841
2019-10-19T04:35:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29841/
The simultaneous valuation of states from multiple instruments using ranking and VAS data: methods and preliminary results
Rowen, D
Brazier, J
Tsuchiya, A
Hernández, M
Ibbotson, R
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Background: Previous methods of empirical mapping involve using regressions on patient or general population self-report data from datasets involving two or more instruments. This approach relies on overlap in the descriptive systems of the measures, but key dimensions may not be present in both measures. Furthermore this assumes it is appropriate to use different instruments on the same population, which may not be the case for all patient groups. The aim of the study described here is to develop a new method of mapping using general population preferences for hypothetical health states defined by the descriptive systems of different measures. This paper presents a description of the methods used in the study and reports on the results of the valuation study including details about the respondents, feasibility and quality (e.g. response rate, completion and consistency) and descriptive results on VAS and ranking data. The use of these results to estimate mapping functions between instruments will be presented in a companion paper.
Methods: The study used interviewer administered versions of ranking and VAS techniques to value 13 health states defined by each of 6 instruments: EQ-5D (generic), SF-6D (generic), HUI2 (generic for children), AQL-5D (asthma specific), OPUS (social care specific), ICECAP (capabilities). Each interview involved 3 ranking and visual analogue scale (VAS) tasks with states from 3 different instruments where each task involves the simultaneous valuation of multiple instruments. The study includes 13 health and well-being states for each instrument (16 for EQ-5D) that reflect a range of health state values according to the published health state values for each instrument and each health state is valued approximately 75-100 times.
Results: The sample consists of 499 members of the UK general population with a reasonable spread of background characteristics (response rate=55%). The study achieved a completion rate of 99% for all states included in the rank and rating tasks and 94.8% of respondents have complete VAS responses and 97.2% have complete rank responses. Interviewers reported that it is doubtful for 4.1% of respondents that they understood the tasks, and 29.3% of respondents stated that they found the tasks difficult. The results suggest important differences in the range of mean VAS and mean rank values per state across instruments, for example mean VAS values for the worst state vary across instruments from 0.075 to 0.324. Respondents are able to change the ordering of states between the rank and VAS tasks and 12.0% of respondents have one or more differences in their rank and VAS orderings for every task.
Conclusions: This study has demonstrated the feasibility of simultaneously valuing health states from different preference-based instruments. The preliminary analysis of the results presented here provides the basis for a new method of mapping between measures based on general population preferences.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29841/1/MPRA_paper_29841.pdf
Rowen, D and Brazier, J and Tsuchiya, A and Hernández, M and Ibbotson, R (2009): The simultaneous valuation of states from multiple instruments using ranking and VAS data: methods and preliminary results.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29849
2019-09-28T04:40:49Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29849/
Using Rasch analysis to form plausible health states amenable to valuation: the development of CORE-6D from CORE-OM in order to elicit preferences for common mental health problems
Mavranezouli, I
Brazier, JE
Young, Tracey A.
Barkham, M
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Purpose: To describe a new approach for deriving a preference-based index from a condition specific measure that uses Rasch analysis to develop health states.
Methods: CORE-OM is a 34-item instrument monitoring clinical outcomes of people with common mental health problems. CORE-OM is characterised by high correlation across its domains. Rasch analysis was used to reduce the number of items and response levels in order to produce a set of unidimensionally-behaving items, and to generate a credible set of health states corresponding to different levels of symptom severity using the Rasch item threshold map.
Results: The proposed methodology resulted in the development of CORE-6D, a 2-dimensional health state description system consisting of a unidimensionally-behaving 5-item emotional component and a physical symptom item. Inspection of the Rasch item threshold map of the emotional component helped identify a set of 11 plausible health states, which, combined with the physical symptom item levels, will be used for the valuation of the instrument, resulting in the development of a preference-based index.
Conclusions: This is a useful new approach to develop preference-based measures where the domains of a measure are characterised by high correlation. The CORE-6D preference-based index will enable calculation of quality adjusted life years in people with common mental health problems.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29849/1/MPRA_paper_29849.pdf
Mavranezouli, I and Brazier, JE and Young, Tracey A. and Barkham, M (2009): Using Rasch analysis to form plausible health states amenable to valuation: the development of CORE-6D from CORE-OM in order to elicit preferences for common mental health problems. Published in: Quality of Life Research , Vol. 20, No. 3 (2011): pp. 321-333.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29891
2019-10-01T18:11:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29891/
Using rank and discrete choice data to estimate health state utility values on the QALY scale
Brazier, J
Rowen, D
Yang, Y
Tsuchiya, A
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Objective: Recent years have seen increasing interest in the use of ordinal methods to elicit health state utility values as an alternative to conventional methods such as standard gamble and time trade-off. However, in order to use these health state values in cost effectiveness analysis using cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) analysis, these values must be anchored on the full health-dead scale. This study addresses this challenge and examines how rank and discrete choice experiment data can be used to elicit health state utility values anchored on the full health-dead scale and compares the results to time trade-off (TTO) results.
Methods: Two valuation studies were conducted using identical methods for two health state classification systems: asthma and overactive bladder. Each valuation study involved interviews of 300 members of the general population using ranking and TTO plus a postal survey using discrete choice experiment sent to all consenting interviewees and a "cold" sample of the general population who were not interviewed.
Results: Overall DCE produced different results from ranking and time trade-off, whereas ranking produced similar results to TTO in one study, but not the other.
Conclusions: Ordinal methods offer a promising alternative to conventional cardinal methods of standard gamble and TTO. However, the results do not appear to be robust across different health state classification systems and potentially different medical conditions. There remains a large and important research agenda to address.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29891/1/MPRA_paper_29891.pdf
Brazier, J and Rowen, D and Yang, Y and Tsuchiya, A (2009): Using rank and discrete choice data to estimate health state utility values on the QALY scale.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29896
2019-09-29T02:24:38Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29896/
Populating an economic model with health state utility values: moving towards better practice
Ara, Roberta
Brazier, John
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
Background: When estimating health state utility values (HSUV) for multiple health conditions, the alternative models used to combine these data can produce very different values. Results generated using a baseline of perfect health are not comparable with those generated using a baseline adjusted for not having the health condition taking into account age and gender. Despite this, there is no guidance on the preferred techniques that should be used and very little research describing the effect on cost per QALY results.
Methods: Using a cardiovascular disease (CVD) model and cost per QALY thresholds, we assess the consequence of using different baseline health state utility profiles (perfect health, individuals with no history of CVD, general population) in conjunction with three models (minimum, additive, multiplicative) frequently used to estimate proxy scores for multiple health conditions.
Results: Assuming a baseline of perfect health ignores the natural decline in quality of life associated with co-morbidities, over-estimating the benefits of treatment to such an extent it could potentially influence a threshold policy decision. The minimum model biases results in favour of younger aged cohorts, while the additive and multiplicative technique produces similar results.
Although further research in additional health conditions is required to support our findings, this pilot study highlights the urgent need for analysts to conform to an agreed reference case and provides initial recommendations for better practice. We demonstrate that in CVD, if data are not available from individuals without the health condition, HSUVs from the general population provide a reasonable approximation.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29896/1/MPRA_paper_29896.pdf
Ara, Roberta and Brazier, John (2009): Populating an economic model with health state utility values: moving towards better practice. Published in: Value in Health , Vol. 13, No. 5 (2010): pp. 509-518.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29911
2019-09-26T15:09:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29911/
Measuring the value of life: exploring a new method for deriving the monetary value of a QALY
Tilling, C
Krol, M
Tsuchiya, A
Brazier, J
van Exel, J
Brouwer, W
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
In this paper we present an alternative approach to estimating the monetary value of a QALY (MVQ), which is based upon a time trade off (TTO) exercise of income with health held constant at perfect health. We present the methods and theory underlying this experimental approach and some results from an online feasibility study in the Netherlands.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29911/1/MPRA_paper_29911.pdf
Tilling, C and Krol, M and Tsuchiya, A and Brazier, J and van Exel, J and Brouwer, W (2009): Measuring the value of life: exploring a new method for deriving the monetary value of a QALY.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29933
2019-10-01T18:27:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29933/
Using a discrete choice experiment to estimate societal health state utility values
Bansback, Nick
Brazier, John
Tsuchiya, Aki
Anis, Aslam
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
In this study we explore a novel application of the Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) that resembles the Time Trade Off (TTO) task to estimate values on the health utility scale for the EQ-5D. The DCE is tested in a survey alongside the TTO in respondents largely representative of the Canadian general population. The study finds that the DCE is able to derive logical and consistent values for health states valued on the full health – dead scale. The DCE overcame some issues identified in the version of TTO currently used to value EQ-5D, notably whether to exclude respondents who fail to understand the task and incorporating values considered worse than dead without transformation. This has important implications for providing values that represent the preferences of all respondents.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29933/1/MPRA_paper_29933.pdf
Bansback, Nick and Brazier, John and Tsuchiya, Aki and Anis, Aslam (2010): Using a discrete choice experiment to estimate societal health state utility values.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29938
2019-09-28T23:18:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29938/
Valuation of the Child Health Utility Index 9D (CHU9D)
Stevens, K
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Objectives
The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of estimating preference weights for all health states defined by the Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D), a new generic measure of health related quality of life for children. This will allow the calculation of quality adjusted life years (QALYs) for use in paediatric economic evaluation.
Methods
Valuation interviews were undertaken with 300 members of the UK adult general population using standard gamble and ranking valuation methods. Regression modelling was undertaken to estimate models that could predict a value for every health state defined by the CHU9D. A range of models were tested and evaluated based on their predictive performance.
Results
Models estimated on the standard gamble data performed better than the rank model. All models had a few inconsistencies or insignificant levels and so further modelling was done to estimate a parsimonious consistent regression model, by combining inconsistent levels and removing non significant levels. The final preferred model was an OLS model where all coefficients were significant, there were no inconsistencies and the model had the best predictive performance.
Conclusion
This research has demonstrated it is feasible to value the CHU9D descriptive system and preference weights for each health state can be generated to allow the calculation of QALYs. The CHU9D can now be used in the economic evaluation of paediatric health care interventions. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of children’s preferences for the health states and what methods could be used to obtain these preferences.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29938/1/MPRA_paper_29938.pdf
Stevens, K (2010): Valuation of the Child Health Utility Index 9D (CHU9D).
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29946
2019-09-27T14:44:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29946/
Using health state utility values from the general population to approximate baselines in decision analytic models when condition specific data are not available
Ara, R
Brazier, JE
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Decision analytic models in healthcare require baseline health related quality of life (HRQoL) data to accurately assess the benefits of interventions. The use of inappropriate baselines such as assuming the value of perfect health (EQ-5D = 1) for not having a condition may overestimate the benefits of some treatment and thus distort policy decisions informed by cost per QALY thresholds.
The primary objective was to determine if data from the general population are appropriate for baseline health state utility values (HSUVs) when condition-specific data are not available.
Methods: Data from four consecutive Health Surveys for England were pooled. Self-reported health status and EQ-5D data were extracted and used to generate mean HSUVs for cohorts with or without prevalent health conditions. These were compared with mean HSUVs from all respondents irrespective of health status.
Results: Over 45% of respondents (n=41,174) reported at least one health condition and almost 20% reported at least two. Our results suggest that data from the general population could be used to approximate baseline HSUVs in some analyses but not all. In particular, HSUVs from the general population would not be an appropriate baseline for cohorts who have just one health condition. In these instances, if condition-specific data are not available, data from respondents who report they do not have a prevalent health condition may be more appropriate. Exploratory analyses suggest the decrement on HRQoL may not be constant across ages for all conditions and these relationships may be condition-specific. Additional research is required to validate our findings.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29946/1/MPRA_paper_29946.pdf
Ara, R and Brazier, JE (2010): Using health state utility values from the general population to approximate baselines in decision analytic models when condition specific data are not available.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29948
2019-09-28T14:20:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29948/
Improving the measurement of QALYs in dementia: developing patient- and carer-reported health state classification systems using Rasch analysis
Mulhern, B
Smith, SC
Rowen, D
Brazier, JE
Knapp, M
Lamping, DL
Loftus, V
Young, Tracey A.
Howard, RJ
Banerjee, S
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Objectives: Cost-utility analysis is increasingly used to inform resource allocation. This requires a means of valuing health states before and after intervention. Although generic measures are typically used to generate values, these do not perform well with people with dementia. We report the development of a health state classification system amenable to valuation for use in studies of dementia, derived from the DEMQOL system, a measure of health-related quality of life in dementia by patient self-report (DEMQOL) and carer proxy-report (DEMQOL-Proxy).
Methods: Factor analysis was used to determine the dimensional structure of DEMQOL and DEMQOL-Proxy. Rasch analysis was subsequently used to investigate item performance across factors in terms of item-level ordering, functioning across subgroups, model fit and severity-range coverage. This enabled the selection of one item from each factor for the classification system. A sample of people with a diagnosis of mild/moderate dementia (n=644) and a sample of carers of those with mild/moderate dementia (n=683) were used.
Results: Factor analysis found different 5-factor solutions for DEMQOL and DEMQOL-Proxy. Following item reduction and selection using Rasch analysis, a 5-dimension classification for DEMQOL and a 4-dimension classification for DEMQOL-Proxy were developed. Each item contained 4 health state levels.
Conclusion: Combining Rasch and classical psychometric analysis is a valid method of selecting items for dementia health state classifications from both the patient and carer perspectives. The next stage is to obtain preference weights so that the measure can be used in the economic evaluation of treatment, care and support arrangements for dementia.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29948/1/MPRA_paper_29948.pdf
Mulhern, B and Smith, SC and Rowen, D and Brazier, JE and Knapp, M and Lamping, DL and Loftus, V and Young, Tracey A. and Howard, RJ and Banerjee, S (2010): Improving the measurement of QALYs in dementia: developing patient- and carer-reported health state classification systems using Rasch analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29950
2019-09-28T04:36:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29950/
A review and meta-analysis of health state utility values in breast cancer
Peasgood, T
Ward, S
Brazier, J
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Background and purpose
Health-related quality of life is an important issue in the treatment of breast cancer, and health-state utilities are essential for cost-utility analysis. This paper identifies and summarises published utilities for common health-related quality of life outcomes for breast cancer, considers the impact of variation in study designs used, and pools utilities for some breast cancer health states.
Data sources and study selection
Thirteen databases were searched using key words relating to breast cancer and utility measurement. Articles were included if specified empirical methods for deriving utility values were used and details of the method, including number of respondents, were given. Articles were excluded if values were based on expert opinion or were not unique.
Data extraction and synthesis
The authors identified 49 articles which met their inclusion criteria, providing 476 unique utilities for breast cancer health states. Where possible, mean utility estimates were pooled using ordinary least squares, with utilities clustered within study group and weighted by both number of respondents and inverse of the variance of each utility. Regressions included controls for disease state, utility assessment method and other features of study design.
Results
Utility values found in the review are summarised for six categories: 1) screening related states, 2) preventative states, 3) adverse events in breast cancer and its treatment, 4) non-specific breast cancer, 5) metastatic breast cancer states and 6) early breast cancer states. Pooled utility values for the latter two categories are estimated, showing base state utility values of between 0.668 and 0.782 for early breast cancer and 0.721 and 0.806 metastatic breast cancer depending upon which model is used. Utilities were found to vary significantly by valuation method, and who conducted the valuation.
Conclusions
A large number of utility values for breast cancer is available in the literature; the states which these refer to are often complex, making pooling of values problematic.
The impacts upon quality of life and length of life are both important to the assessment of treatments for breast cancer. These outcomes can be combined using the health-related quality of life measure of a QALY (quality adjusted life year). QALYs may be thought of as a "utility" score, since they represent people’s preferences towards a particular health state, where 0 represents dead and 1 represents full health. Being able to locate any health state on a 0 to 1 scale allows an estimation of the number of QALYs a treatment brings, and, subsequently, a comparison of the cost per QALY benefit across different treatments. The cost per QALY of competing treatments can be a useful input into medical decision making and priority setting.
Cost per QALY for breast cancer treatments may be derived from primary research, or from modelling interventions at different disease stages. Where modelling is conducted, modellers require a "utility" value for each possible health state: e.g. newly diagnosed breast cancer, currently undergoing chemotherapy, and experiencing some toxicity from treatment. This allows them to map the profile of hypothetical patients as they pass through different scenarios and understand the QALYs gained from alternative treatments.
There are numerous studies which have investigated the utility values associated with breast cancer; unfortunately, they show considerable variation in results. For example, values for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) range from -0.52 to 0.882. What explains this variation? First, there are a number of different health states which an individual with MBC may experience relating to different treatment regimes, different responses to treatment and different possible side-effects of treatment. Secondly, there are different methods for generating utility scores, which can generate different values for the exact same health state.
This study aims to systematically review health state utility values (HSUVs) for breast cancer (early and metastatic) in order to identify all breast cancer HSUVs in the current literature. It then seeks to provide a pooled estimate of HSUVs for each identifiable health state within breast cancer. It also seeks to understand the impact of different methodological techniques on the estimates of utility scores for breast cancer. This will generate a list of HSUVs that can be used in future economic evaluations, and offer greater understanding of how representative individual utility estimates are for breast cancer states.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29950/1/MPRA_paper_29950.pdf
Peasgood, T and Ward, S and Brazier, J (2010): A review and meta-analysis of health state utility values in breast cancer.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29970
2019-10-01T21:32:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29970/
Developing a health state classification system from NEWQOL for epilepsy using classical psychometric techniques and Rasch analysis: a technical report
Mulhern, B
Rowen, D
Brazier, J
Jacoby, A
Marson, T
Snape, D
Hughes, D
Latimer, N
Baker, GA
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I19 - Other
Aims: Resource allocation amongst competing health care interventions is informed by evidence of both clinical- and cost-effectiveness. Cost-utility analysis is increasingly used to assess cost effectiveness through the use of Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). This requires health state values. Generic measures of health related quality of life (HRQL) are usually used to produce these values, but there are concerns about their relevance and sensitivity in epilepsy. This study develops a health state classification system for epilepsy from the NEWQOL battery, a validated questionnaire measuring QoL in epilepsy. The classification system will be amenable to valuation for calculating QALYs.
Methods: Factor and other psychometric analyses were undertaken to investigate the factor structure of the battery, and assess the validity and responsiveness of the items. These analyses were used alongside Rasch analysis to select the dimensions included in the classification system, and the items used to represent each domain. Analysis was carried out on a trial dataset of patients with epilepsy (n=1611). Rasch and factor analysis were performed on one half of the sample and validated on the remaining half. Dimensions and items were selected that performed well across all analyses.
Results: The battery was found to demonstrate reliability and validity but responsiveness across time periods for many of the items was low. A six dimension classification system was developed: worry about seizures, depression, memory, cognition, stigmatism and control, each with four response levels.
Conclusions: It is feasible to develop a health state classification system from a battery of instruments using a combination of classical psychometric, factor and Rasch analysis. This is the first condition-specific health state classification developed for epilepsy and the next stage will produce preference weights to enable the measure to be used in cost-utility analysis.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29970/1/MPRA_paper_29970.pdf
Mulhern, B and Rowen, D and Brazier, J and Jacoby, A and Marson, T and Snape, D and Hughes, D and Latimer, N and Baker, GA (2010): Developing a health state classification system from NEWQOL for epilepsy using classical psychometric techniques and Rasch analysis: a technical report.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30863
2019-09-28T08:42:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30863/
Positive externalities of congestion on health: A case study of chronic illness in Japan for the period 1988–2009.
Yamamura, Eiji
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
I19 - Other
This paper explores, using Japanese panel data for the years 1988–2009, how externalities from congestion and human capital influence deaths caused by chronic illnesses. Major findings through fixed effects 2SLS estimation were as follows: (1) during the first-half period 1988-98, the number of deaths was proportionally smaller in areas where social capital was larger. Population density and human capital, however, did not affect number of deaths; (2) during the second-half period 1999–2009, the number of deaths was proportionally smaller in more densely populated areas. In addition, human capital contributed to decease the number of deaths. Social capital, on the other hand, did not influence number of deaths. These findings suggest that human capital and positive externalities stemming from congestion make greater contributions to improving lifestyle when chronic illness increases.
2011-05-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30863/1/MPRA_paper_30863.pdf
Yamamura, Eiji (2011): Positive externalities of congestion on health: A case study of chronic illness in Japan for the period 1988–2009.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32064
2019-09-26T11:44:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32064/
Differences in the effect of social capital on health status between workers and non-workers
Yamamura, Eiji
I19 - Other
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
This paper explores the relationship between social capital and self-rated health status in Japan, and how this is affected by the labor market. Data of 3075 adult participants in the 2000 Social Policy and Social Consciousness (SPSC) survey were used. Controlling for endogenous bias, the main finding is that social capital has a significant positive influence on health status for people without a job but not for those with. This empirical study provides evidence that people without a job can afford to allocate time to accumulate social capital and thereby improve their health status.
2011-07-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32064/1/MPRA_paper_32064.pdf
Yamamura, Eiji (2011): Differences in the effect of social capital on health status between workers and non-workers.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32367
2019-09-26T10:26:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32367/
Structural social capital and health in Italy
Fiorillo, Damiano
Sabatini, Fabio
I12 - Health Behavior
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
I19 - Other
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
I10 - General
This paper presents the first empirical assessment of the causal relationship between social capital and health in Italy. The analysis draws on the 2000 wave of the Multipurpose Survey on Household conducted by the Italian Institute of Statistics on a representative sample of the population (n = 50,618). Our measure of social capital is the frequency of meetings with friends. Based on probit and instrumental variables estimates, we find that higher levels of social capital increase perceived good health.
2011-07-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32367/1/MPRA_paper_32367.pdf
Fiorillo, Damiano and Sabatini, Fabio (2011): Structural social capital and health in Italy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35147
2019-10-03T17:14:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35147/
Endogenous technological change in medicine and its impact on healthcare costs: evidence from the pharmaceutical market in Taiwan
Hsieh, Chee-Ruey
Liu, Ya-Ming
Chang, Chia-Lin
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
I19 - Other
Although the technological change in medicine has been widely recognized as the major driver of rising healthcare costs, there is very little research that directly estimates this effect. This paper uses both a single-equation and a simultaneous equations approach to empirically investigate the interactive relationship between technological innovation and the growth of health expenditure in the context of the pharmaceutical market in Taiwan. Based on observing 182 therapeutic groups between 1997 and 2006, we find evidence to support the argument that technological innovation and health expenditure are simultaneously determined as technological innovation and the growth of health expenditure are endogenous rather than exogenous. Specifically, we find that therapeutic groups associated with higher pharmaceutical expenditure are likely to attract more new products to the market. Meanwhile, therapeutic groups with more new products are associated with higher pharmaceutical expenditures. An important implication of the paper is that the cost containment policy will not only affect the growth of health expenditure, but will also affect the progress of technological innovation in the health sector.
2011-11-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35147/1/MPRA_paper_35147.pdf
Hsieh, Chee-Ruey and Liu, Ya-Ming and Chang, Chia-Lin (2011): Endogenous technological change in medicine and its impact on healthcare costs: evidence from the pharmaceutical market in Taiwan.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:47522
2019-10-05T14:09:28Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47522/
Employee engagement of managerial staff in hospitals - An Indian pilot study
J, Swaminathan
S, Aramvalarthan
I19 - Other
Employee engagement is a state of emotional and intellectual involvement that employees have in an organization. An engaged employee is aware of business context, and works with colleagues to improve performance within the job for the benefit of the organization. It is a
positive attitude held by the employees towards the organization and its values.
This study focused on how employee engagement is an antecedent of job involvement and what should the management of hospitals do to make their managers engaged. This study conducted was to find out the levels of employee engagement, the drivers of it, which includes Employee Empowerment, Communication, Team Work, Training and Development,Recognition, Leadership Quality, and Work Life Balance to analyze their impact and to offer suggestions to improve the same. The study adopted non-probability sampling using systematic method to collect primary data. The samples of the study constituted 100 managerial staff from various hospitals in Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, India. Anova,Chi square and Paired t test were employed in the analysis of data. The results of the study indicated that the Employee Engagement of Managerial Staff in Hospitals of Nagapattinam District is moderate and Recognition helps to attain Employee Engagement.. The hospitals should concentrate on dimensions like Recognition and Team work to improve Employee Engagement of the hospitals.
2013-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47522/1/MPRA_paper_47522.pdf
J, Swaminathan and S, Aramvalarthan (2013): Employee engagement of managerial staff in hospitals - An Indian pilot study. Published in: Journal of Business & Management ( COES&RJ - J BM) , Vol. 1, No. 1 st July 2013 (July 2013): pp. 166-174.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48757
2019-09-26T09:21:59Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3439
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48757/
Cost implications of treatment non-completion in a forensic personality disorder service
Sampson, Christopher
James, Marilyn
Huband, Nick
Geelan, Steve
McMurran, Mary
I19 - Other
K49 - Other
Background: A high proportion of individuals admitted to specialist secure hospital services for treatment of personality disorder do not complete treatment. Non-completion has been associated with poorer treatment outcomes and increased rates of recidivism and hospital readmission, when compared with individuals who do complete treatment or who do not receive treatment at all.
Aims: In this study, we sought to determine the economic consequences of non-completion of treatment, using case study data from a secure hospital sample. Both health and criminal justice service perspectives were taken into account.
Methods: Data were collected from a medium secure hospital personality disorder unit. A probabilistic decision-analytic model was constructed, using a Markov cohort simulation with 10,000 iterations. The expected cost differential between those who do and those who do not complete treatment was estimated, as was the probability of a cost differential over a 10-year post-admission time horizon.
Results: On average, in the first 10 years following admission, those who do not complete treatment go on to incur £52,000 more in costs to the National Health Service and criminal justice system than those who complete treatment. The model estimates that the probability that non-completers incur greater costs than completers is 78%.
Conclusion: It is possible that an improvement in treatment completion rates in secure hospital personality disorder units would lead to some cost savings. Thismight be achievable through better selection into treatment or improved strategies for engagement and retention. Our study highlights a financial cost to society of individuals discharged from secure hospital care when incompletely treated. We suggest that it could, therefore, be useful for secure hospitals to introduce routine monitoring of treatment completion.
2013-07-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48757/1/MPRA_paper_48757.pdf
Sampson, Christopher and James, Marilyn and Huband, Nick and Geelan, Steve and McMurran, Mary (2013): Cost implications of treatment non-completion in a forensic personality disorder service. Published in: Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health (23 July 2013)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48955
2019-09-26T20:02:58Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48955/
La salud del adulto mayor en Chile: Una responsabilidad compartida por las personas, las empresas y el Estado
Calvo, Esteban
Martorell, Bernardo
I10 - General
I19 - Other
En este estudio nos preguntamos quiénes son los responsables de la salud del adulto mayor. Para responder esta pregunta, primero identificamos los principales determinantes de la salud del adulto mayor y luego exploramos actores sociales relevantes a los cuales es posible atribuir una responsabilidad. Nuestro análisis se basa en datos longitudinales de la Encuesta de Protección Social en Chile y sugiere que, si bien un estilo de vida saludable puede hacer una gran diferencia, la salud también es afectada por factores que no están bajo el control directo de las personas. Dado que muchas personas entran a la tercera edad habiendo trabajado por más de 30 o 40 años, las características de su empleo pueden tener un impacto duradero en su salud. Yendo todavía un paso más atrás en el tiempo, también es importante considerar que existen grupos de ancianos que partieron su vida en una situación desaventajada y acumularon desventajas desigualmente durante el curso de su vida. Particular atención requieren las personas que crecieron en un hogar de nivel socio-económico bajo y las mujeres. En síntesis, nuestros resultados sugieren que la salud del adulto mayor es influenciada significativamente por tres factores interrelacionados: estilo de vida saludable, empleo saludable y factores estructurales. Tomando esto en cuenta, proponemos que la salud del adulto mayor es una responsabilidad compartida por las personas, las empresas y el estado.
In this article we debate who are responsible for the health of older adults in Chile. In order to answer this, we first use data to identify the determinants of the health of older adults: life styles, employment attributes, and structural advantages/disadvantages. Next, we connect these determinants to three relevant social actors: individuals, companies, and the State. These three actors influence the health of older adults through different mechanisms, such as: actions and decisions, organizational politics, and public policies. This analytical model includes determinants, responsible actors, and mechanisms that influence health, at three different levels of social reality: micro, meso, and macro. We conclude that the health of older adults is a responsibility shared by individuals, companies, and the State.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48955/1/MPRA_paper_48955.pdf
Calvo, Esteban and Martorell, Bernardo (2008): La salud del adulto mayor en Chile: Una responsabilidad compartida por las personas, las empresas y el Estado. Published in: Documento en Foco No. Documento en Foco #130, Corporación Expansiva, Santiago, Chile. (2008): pp. 1-16.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:54270
2019-09-27T13:03:22Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3539
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54270/
Zvyšovanie výkonnosti manažérov a zamestnancov prostredníctvom kognitívneho vylepšenia
Misun, Juraj
Misunova Hudakova, Ivana
I19 - Other
M59 - Other
Z0 - General
From the Western countries a new dangerous phenomenon is approaching the Central and Eastern Europe. The pressure on psychical performance while studying and at work is becoming that hard that many individuals are reaching for stimulants. When cigarettes, coffee and energy drinks do not help anymore, the next in row are compulsory prescription drugs, which have been developed for entirely different purposes and which can sometimes have far-reaching lifelong consequences for the health. This phenomenon is called brain doping or prettier cognitive enhancement.
2012
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54270/1/MPRA_paper_54270.pdf
Misun, Juraj and Misunova Hudakova, Ivana (2012): Zvyšovanie výkonnosti manažérov a zamestnancov prostredníctvom kognitívneho vylepšenia. Published in: Ekonomické spektrum , Vol. 8, No. 1 (January 2013): pp. 26-36.
sk
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:54277
2019-09-27T10:36:16Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54277/
Syndróm Bore Out – aktuálne poznatky o syndróme unudenia
Misun, Juraj
Hudakova, Ivana
I19 - Other
M54 - Labor Management
The “Bore Out” term appeared first time in March 2007. This time, Swiss corporate consultants Philippe Rothlin and Peter R. Werder published the book called “Diagnosis Bore Out!”. The Bore Out Syndrome can be defined as a long-term employee stress resulted from the overworking pretending. Its basic elements are underworking, disinterest and boredom and it is closely related to behavioral strategies, which the employee begins to develop to pretend to be very overworked, in spite of objective facts. In the euro-american employment understanding unfortunately rules the “culture of presence”. It means, that the employees sit at work. If they are there effective or they sit there all the time is a question, what is not asked every time.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54277/1/MPRA_paper_54277.pdf
Misun, Juraj and Hudakova, Ivana (2010): Syndróm Bore Out – aktuálne poznatky o syndróme unudenia. Published in: Hodnota duševnej práce pre organizáciu a spoločnosť : Determinanty, kritériá a hodnotenie duševnej práce / Taťjana Búgelová, Gabriela Kravčáková (eds.) (2010): pp. 350-356.
sk
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:54290
2019-09-29T00:01:59Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3539
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54290/
Cognitive enhancement. Current status and its impact on improving of the performance of organizations
Misun, Juraj
Hudakova, Ivana
I19 - Other
M59 - Other
From the Western countries a new dangerous phenomenon is approaching the Central and Eastern Europe. The pressure on psychical performance while studying and at work is becoming that hard that many individuals are reaching for stimulants. When cigarettes, coffee and energy drinks do not help anymore, the next in row are compulsory prescription drugs, which have been developed for entirely different purposes and which can sometimes have far-reaching lifelong consequences for the health. This phenomenon is called brain doping or cognitive enhancement.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54290/1/MPRA_paper_54290.pdf
Misun, Juraj and Hudakova, Ivana (2011): Cognitive enhancement. Current status and its impact on improving of the performance of organizations. Published in: Knowledge - economy - society : challenges of the contemporary world / Renata Oczkowska, Bogusz Mikuła (eds.) (2011): pp. 157-165.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55212
2019-09-28T06:31:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55212/
Regional differences in life expectancy at birth in Mexican municipalities, 1990-2000
Flores, Miguel
Bradshaw, Benjamin
Hoque, Nazrul
I19 - Other
The purpose of this study is to provide life expectancy estimates at birth for states and aggregates of municipalities by population size within regions of Mexico. A regression-based technique is used to estimate life expectancy for these populations from 1990 to 2000. Our findings suggest that the greatest
increase in life expectancy among population size groups occurred in “extended-rural” municipalities (those with a population of 2,500 to 14,999) with an average of 7 years. The capital region showed the highest increase in life expectancy among all the regions, with considerable increases in extended-rural municipalities. Our estimates are consistent with expectations with respect to urban advantages in life expectancy, which probably reflect the concentration of public health services, as well as primary, secondary and tertiary medical care. This analysis may be useful in evaluating the public health policies of the Mexican authorities that have focused on diminishing health inequalities between well and poorly served populations. In general, the life expectancies prepared by the regression method are quite close to those prepared from age-specific mortality rates, and our results show the utility of this shortcut method compared with life expectancies estimated from complete sets of age-specific mortality rates.
2013-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55212/1/MPRA_paper_55212.pdf
Flores, Miguel and Bradshaw, Benjamin and Hoque, Nazrul (2013): Regional differences in life expectancy at birth in Mexican municipalities, 1990-2000. Published in: Políticas Públicas , Vol. 1, No. 1 (August 2013): pp. 59-72.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56010
2019-09-26T11:18:18Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56010/
The Impact of Education on Total Fertility Rate in Pakistan (1981-2008)
Naeem Ur Rehman, Khattak
Khan, Jangraiz
Tariq, Muhammad
Naeem, Muhammad
Tasleem, Sajjad
I1 - Health
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I19 - Other
Most of the developing countries are facing the problem of high population growth, which is causing numerous social and economic problems. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in most of developing countries stands higher than the developed countries (UNPD, 2000). The TFR in Pakistan was 7.0 in 1989.The continuous efforts on part of government of Pakistan bought it to 3.0 in 2008. The present study aimed at finding out the impact of education on Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Pakistan during the period 1981-2008. Econometric techniques, Multiple Regression Model and Johansen Cointegration have been used to derive results. The results show that mean age at marriage (male), the education of both sexes and the age of women are the most important factors affecting TFR. Women education can be more useful weapon to control TFR, if it is at secondary level. Female age at marriage also negatively affects TFR. In order to achieve the desired level of population growth, the government of Pakistan should focus on Primary as well as secondary education for male as well as female.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56010/1/MPRA_paper_56010.pdf
Naeem Ur Rehman, Khattak and Khan, Jangraiz and Tariq, Muhammad and Naeem, Muhammad and Tasleem, Sajjad (2011): The Impact of Education on Total Fertility Rate in Pakistan (1981-2008). Published in: European Journal of Social Sciences , Vol. 19, No. 1 (January 2011): pp. 46-53.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56205
2019-09-30T00:45:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493133
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56205/
Hurricane Katrina: Behavioral Health and Health Insurance in Non-Impacted Vulnerable Counties
Pesko, Michael
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
I13 - Health Insurance, Public and Private
I19 - Other
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
I find causal evidence that Hurricane Katrina increased stress, smoking, binge drinking, and health insurance coverage in the non-impacted storm surge region. In this region, Hurricane Katrina increased health insurance coverage by 440,000 young adults, the number of smokers by 930,000, and the number of binge drinkers by 510,000. Results are robust to varying the location and time of Hurricane Katrina, varying the pre-Hurricane Katrina time window, and excluding counties within 400 miles of New Orleans. Findings suggest that disasters are integral to the formation of risk perceptions and affect the demand for behavioral health and health insurance.
2014-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56205/1/MPRA_paper_56205.pdf
Pesko, Michael (2014): Hurricane Katrina: Behavioral Health and Health Insurance in Non-Impacted Vulnerable Counties.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:57761
2019-09-26T21:00:38Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57761/
Economic Impact of Dengue Illness and the Cost-Effectiveness of Future Vaccination Programs in Singapore
Carrasco, Luis R
Lee, Linda K
Lee, Vernon J
Ooi, Eng Eong
Shepard, Donald S
Thein, Tun L
Gan, Victor
Cook, Alex R
Lye, David
Ng, Lee Ching
Leo, Yee Sin
I10 - General
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I19 - Other
Background: Dengue illness causes 50–100 million infections worldwide and threatens 2.5 billion people in the tropical and subtropical regions. Little is known about the disease burden and economic impact of dengue in higher resourced countries or the cost-effectiveness of potential dengue vaccines in such settings.
Methods and Findings: We estimate the direct and indirect costs of dengue from hospitalized and ambulatory cases in Singapore. We consider inter alia the impacts of dengue on the economy using the human-capital and the friction cost methods. Disease burden was estimated using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and the cost-effectiveness of a potential vaccine program was evaluated. The average economic impact of dengue illness in Singapore from 2000 to 2009 in constant 2010 US$ ranged between $0.85 billion and $1.15 billion, of which control costs constitute 42%–59%. Using empirically derived disability weights, we estimated an annual average disease burden of 9–14 DALYs per 100 000 habitants, making it comparable to diseases such as hepatitis B or syphilis. The proportion of symptomatic dengue cases detected by the national surveillance system was estimated to be low, and to decrease with age. Under population projections by the United Nations, the price per dose threshold for which vaccines stop being more cost-effective than the current vector control program ranged from $50 for mass vaccination requiring 3 doses and only conferring 10 years of immunity to $300 for vaccination requiring 2 doses and conferring lifetime immunity. The thresholds for these vaccine programs to not be cost-effective for Singapore were $100 and $500 per dose respectively.
Conclusions: Dengue illness presents a serious economic and disease burden in Singapore. Dengue vaccines are expected to be cost-effective if reasonably low prices are adopted and will help to reduce the economic and disease burden of dengue in Singapore substantially.
2011-10-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57761/1/MPRA_paper_57761.pdf
Carrasco, Luis R and Lee, Linda K and Lee, Vernon J and Ooi, Eng Eong and Shepard, Donald S and Thein, Tun L and Gan, Victor and Cook, Alex R and Lye, David and Ng, Lee Ching and Leo, Yee Sin (2011): Economic Impact of Dengue Illness and the Cost-Effectiveness of Future Vaccination Programs in Singapore. Published in: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases , Vol. 5, No. 12 (20 December 2011)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:61286
2019-10-12T04:34:34Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523532
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523539
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61286/
Performance assessment method of urban waste management systems from Neamț County, Romania
Mihai, Florin-Constantin
I19 - Other
Q50 - General
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
R52 - Land Use and Other Regulations
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
R59 - Other
This paper proposes a performance assessment method (PAM) at urban scale, based on five specific waste indicators such as: population access to waste collection services (%),separate collection (%), reuse & recycle (%), landfilling (%) and amounts of waste uncollected (Qwu-%). Values of each indicator are correlated to an assessment table for three different years (2004, 2007, 2010) highlighting the disparities between urban localities from Neamt County. The paper also examines the changes and dysfunctions of urban waste management systems between pre-accession vs post-accession period. PAM should be a necessary tool for environmental authorities or decision-makers for monitoring process of municipal solid waste systems from various cities on regional scale particularly for new EU
members.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61286/1/14PAMOUWMSFNCR27052013159166.pdf
Mihai, Florin-Constantin (2013): Performance assessment method of urban waste management systems from Neamț County, Romania. Published in: Present Environment and Sustainable Development , Vol. 7, No. 1 (2013): pp. 160-167.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:61291
2019-09-26T10:13:01Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
7375626A656374733D52:5230:523030
7375626A656374733D52:5235
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523532
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523533
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61291/
Rural waste management:challenges and issues in Romania
Apostol, Liviu
Mihai, Florin-Constantin
I19 - Other
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
R00 - General
R5 - Regional Government Analysis
R52 - Land Use and Other Regulations
R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis ; Public Investment and Capital Stock
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
Rural areas of the new EU Member States face serious problems in compliance of EU regulation on waste management. Firstly, the share of rural population is higher and it has lower living standards and secondly, the waste collection services are poorly-developed covering some rural regions. In this context, open dumping is used as an appropriate waste disposal solution generating complex pollution. This paper analyzes the disparities between Romanian counties regarding the rural population access to waste collection services in 2008 which reflects the geographical distribution of rural dumpsites in 2009. It examines on one hand , the role of waste management services to reduce illegal dumping and on the other hand, the dysfunctions of traditional waste management system from rural areas and their implications on local environment.
2012
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61291/1/10RWMCAIIR15102012105114.pdf
Apostol, Liviu and Mihai, Florin-Constantin (2012): Rural waste management:challenges and issues in Romania. Published in: Present Environment and Sustainable Development , Vol. 6, No. 2 (2012): pp. 105-114.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:63405
2019-09-29T01:43:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493133
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493135
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63405/
Restraining High and Rising Cancer Drug Prices: Need for Accelerating R&D Productivity and Aligning Prices with Value
Bhardwaj, Ramesh
I1 - Health
I10 - General
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
I13 - Health Insurance, Public and Private
I15 - Health and Economic Development
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I19 - Other
ABSTRACT
The high price of cancer drugs has become a world-wide phenomenon. In recent decades, studies have produced ample evidence of rising research and clinical testing costs underlying pharmaceutical innovations. There is a general concurrence that the current model of drug development needs a thorough streamlining. It is also alleged that the prices of new anticancer agents seem to be decided by pharmaceutical companies, according to what the market will bear, in a producer-dominated market. Studies have noted with concern that there is a little correlation between the actual efficacy of a new drug (in terms of prolonging a patient’s life in years, or quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and its price. The present study is an attempt to address some major challenges which are: (i) how to increase the overall pace of innovation (R&D productivity); (ii) how to control the costs and prices of new innovative drugs; (iii) how to direct more innovation to areas where social returns are highest; and (iv) how to improve patients’ timely access to innovative medicines while balancing ‘safety’ concerns.
Primary proposals suggested in recent literature to deal with the above challenges include, among others, (a) modernization of the drug development process through ‘open models’ of strategic partnerships (between government, academia, and industry), (b) adoption of a value-based pricing system, (c) promotion of ‘Personalized/targeted Medicine’, (d) introduction of evidence-based decision making by stakeholders based upon ‘comparative effectiveness research’(CER) analysis, and (e) implantation of regulatory reforms in drugs’ evaluation and approval practices. The present study makes an attempt to shed light on the above challenges and proposals.
2015-04-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63405/1/MPRA_paper_63405.pdf
Bhardwaj, Ramesh (2015): Restraining High and Rising Cancer Drug Prices: Need for Accelerating R&D Productivity and Aligning Prices with Value.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:63760
2019-10-02T09:42:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4930:493030
7375626A656374733D49:4931
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63760/
Does Sanitation Affect Health Outcomes? Evidence from India
Das, Amarendra
Das, Bibhunandini
I00 - General
I1 - Health
I19 - Other
In this paper we have attempted to unravel the disparity in sanitation facilities across rural and urban regions of Indian states and the impact of sanitation on health outcomes. Based on the 69th National Sample Survey data set which covers more than 95 000 households we find a wide disparity in the access to sanitation facilities across rural and urban areas of Indian states and across states. While the north-eastern and southern states perform better in sanitation indicators, the eastern and central part of India performs poorly. So far as the relationship between the sanitation and health outcome is concerned our analysis shows that better sanitation facilities do have a positive impact on the health outcomes. From our analysis of four diseases (stomach problem, malaria, skin diseases and fever) that are more caused due to sanitation facilities we observed that better sanitation facilities in terms of access to toilets and bathroom access to regular safe drinking water, practice of storing drinking water in metal or non-metal container, absence of flies and mosquitoes, having separate kitchen and proper disposal of wastes reduces the incidence of diseases
2015-04-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63760/1/MPRA_paper_63760.pdf
Das, Amarendra and Das, Bibhunandini (2015): Does Sanitation Affect Health Outcomes? Evidence from India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:64687
2019-09-28T02:38:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443730
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D50:5030:503030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64687/
Перспективы инвестиций в аптечную франшизу в России
Velikodnaya, Polina
D70 - General
I19 - Other
P00 - General
В настоящее время аптечный бизнес набирает оборот. Данная статья показывает возможность открытия аптеки с помощью франшизы. Рассматриваются преимущества и недостатки открытия франчайзингового бизнеса, а так же ситуация на аптечном рынке города Омска.
Currently, pharmaceutical business is gaining momentum. This article shows the possibility of opening a pharmacy by a franchise. The advantages and disadvantages of opening franchising business, as well as the situation on the pharmacy market of the city of Omsk.
2015-05-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64687/1/MPRA_paper_64687.pdf
Velikodnaya, Polina (2015): Перспективы инвестиций в аптечную франшизу в России.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:65228
2019-09-29T05:03:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443134
7375626A656374733D44:4432
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443730
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D50:5030:503030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/65228/
Перспективы инвестиций в аптечную франшизу в России
Velikodnaya, Polina
D14 - Household Saving; Personal Finance
D2 - Production and Organizations
D70 - General
I19 - Other
P00 - General
Article shows the possibility of opening a pharmacy by a franchise. The advantages and disadvantages of opening franchising business, as well as the situation on the pharmacy market of the city of Omsk
2015-05-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/65228/1/MPRA_paper_65228.pdf
Velikodnaya, Polina (2015): Перспективы инвестиций в аптечную франшизу в России.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:65249
2019-09-27T21:58:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443134
7375626A656374733D44:4432
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443730
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D50:5030:503030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/65249/
Перспективы инвестиций в аптечную франшизу в России
Velikodnaya, Polina
D14 - Household Saving; Personal Finance
D2 - Production and Organizations
D70 - General
I19 - Other
P00 - General
Article shows the possibility of opening a pharmacy by a franchise. The advantages and disadvantages of opening franchising business, as well as the situation on the pharmacy market of the city of Omsk
2015-05-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/65249/1/MPRA_paper_65228.pdf
Velikodnaya, Polina (2015): Перспективы инвестиций в аптечную франшизу в России.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:66247
2019-10-01T17:14:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493133
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/66247/
The Impact of Perceived Background Risk on Stress, Health Insurance, and Substance Use: Evidence from Hurricane Katrina
Pesko, Michael
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
I13 - Health Insurance, Public and Private
I19 - Other
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, I find causal evidence that Hurricane Katrina increased stress, smoking, binge drinking, and health insurance coverage in the non-impacted storm surge region. In this region, Hurricane Katrina increased health insurance coverage by 440,000 young adults, the number of smokers by 930,000, and the number of binge drinkers by 510,000. Findings suggest that disasters affect perceptions of background risk in areas with actual risk. Results are robust to varying the location and time of Hurricane Katrina, varying the pre-Hurricane Katrina time window, and excluding counties within 400 miles of New Orleans.
2015-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/66247/1/MPRA_paper_66247.pdf
Pesko, Michael (2015): The Impact of Perceived Background Risk on Stress, Health Insurance, and Substance Use: Evidence from Hurricane Katrina.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:66555
2019-09-27T03:26:13Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4930:493030
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493134
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493135
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/66555/
Maternal Health Care: The Case of Iron Supplementation in India
Khan, Rana Ejaz Ali
Raza, Muhammad Ali
I00 - General
I10 - General
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
I12 - Health Behavior
I14 - Health and Inequality
I15 - Health and Economic Development
I19 - Other
Prenatal care is an essential segment of maternal health-care. In this paper an attempt has been made to examine the socioeconomic determinants of maternal iron supplementation and sufficient maternal iron supplementation as components of prenatal care. Micro-data having 25999 and 19764 observations for two models, i.e. maternal iron supplementation and maternal sufficient iron supplementation respectively has been taken from Indian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2005-06. To estimate the probability in both the models binary logistic regressions have been employed. The explanatory variables categorized into individual characteristics of the woman, household characteristics, health-related characteristics, community characteristics and regional characteristics have been embraced in the analysis. The results of the first model revealed that probability of iron supplementation is augmented by woman’ education, woman’ age at first marriage, woman’s working status, husband’s age, husband’s education, husband’s presence at prenatal visit, final say on woman’s health (by woman, woman and husband collectively and even husband alone as compared to someone else) and household covered by the health insurance. The birth-order of the child, woman’s living in small city and town as well as wealth index of the household slides down the probability of iron supplementation. The estimates of the second model explained that probability of sufficient iron supplementation is positively influenced by woman’s age at first marriage, woman’s education, husband’s age, husband’s presence at prenatal visit, final say on woman’s health-care (husband alone) and household wealth. The birth-order of the child and small city as place of residence negatively affect the likelihood of sufficient iron supplementation. The study proposed the targeted approach to enhance iron supplementation and sufficient iron supplementation in Indian women. The marginalized households should be targeted through cash transfer programs. Furthermore, the small cities and country sides should also be focused. The awareness and education of woman along with husband’s participation in maternal health-care cannot be ignored in policy making.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/66555/1/MPRA_paper_66555.pdf
Khan, Rana Ejaz Ali and Raza, Muhammad Ali (2013): Maternal Health Care: The Case of Iron Supplementation in India. Published in: Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences , Vol. 7, No. 2 (2013): pp. 263-275.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:66672
2019-09-27T11:53:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/66672/
In- and Out-patient satisfaction assessment: the case of a greek General Hospital
Xesfingi, Sofia
Karamanis, Dimitrios
I10 - General
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I19 - Other
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
Aim: The purpose of this research is to investigate in- and out-patients' satisfaction as revealed by their intention to recommend the Konstantopouleio General Hospital of Athens to friends and family.
Material/Methodology/Approach: The final sample of the study consisted of 745 inpatients and 420 outpatients from a survey performed from June 2011 till October 2012. An ordered logit approach was used allowing the analysis of the satisfaction's response categories.
Results: Findings demonstrate that the attention provided by medical and nursery stuff along with the hospital environment, are positively correlated with patients’ satisfaction for both groups of in- and out-patients. Among the demographic factors, the positive age effect is present in both groups, while the perceived health status plays a positive and significant role in shaping in-patient satisfaction, and education and insurance associate with out-patient satisfaction.
Conclusions: Our study confirms the important role of all measures with respect to hospital performance. In general, hospitals and healthcare systems that invest in citizens’ evaluation evolvement programmes, will acquire valuable information to perform important transformational changes in healthcare services.
2015-09-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/66672/1/MPRA_paper_66672.pdf
Xesfingi, Sofia and Karamanis, Dimitrios (2015): In- and Out-patient satisfaction assessment: the case of a greek General Hospital.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:68673
2019-10-01T14:24:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/68673/
The effect of In Utero Exposure to Asian Flu (1957-58) on future earnings
Enami, Ali
I12 - Health Behavior
I19 - Other
N32 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
The “fetal origin hypothesis” predicts that the exposure to unfavorable environments
early in life negatively affects future health and non-health (e.g. income) outcomes. This paper
evaluates this theory by examining the effect of in utero exposure to influenza pandemic
of 1957-58, the 2nd biggest of the 20th century, on the future earnings of exposed cohort.
Using data from National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), a difference-in-differences
model is estimated for four demographic groups: white and non-white males and
females. While the effect of this exposure on earnings of white individuals is statistically
insignificant, the effect is both (economically and statistically) significant and contradictory
for non-whites. Non-white females experienced a $6100 loss in their yearly wage while the
wage of non-white males increased by about $11900.
2016-01-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/68673/1/MPRA_paper_68673.pdf
Enami, Ali (2016): The effect of In Utero Exposure to Asian Flu (1957-58) on future earnings.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:72146
2019-09-29T12:08:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/72146/
The Causal Effect of Education on Health Behaviors: Evidence From Turkey
Tansel, Aysit
Karaoglan, Deniz
I10 - General
I12 - Health Behavior
I19 - Other
This study provides causal effect of education on health behaviors in Turkey which is a middle income developing country. Health Survey of the Turkish Statistical Institute for the years 2008, 2010 and 2012 are used. The health behaviors considered are smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, exercising and one health outcome namely, the body mass index (BMI). We examine the causal effect of education on these health behaviors and the BMI Instrumental variable approach is used in order to address the endogeneity of education to health behaviors. Educational expansion of the early 1960s is used as the source of exogenous variation in years of schooling. Our main findings are as follows. Education does not significantly affect the probability of smoking or exercising. The higher the education level the higher the probability of alcohol consumption and the probability of fruit and vegetable consumption. Higher levels of education lead to higher BMI levels. This study provides a baseline for further research on the various aspects of health behaviors in Turkey.
2016-06-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/72146/1/MPRA_paper_72146.pdf
Tansel, Aysit and Karaoglan, Deniz (2016): The Causal Effect of Education on Health Behaviors: Evidence From Turkey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:75062
2019-09-28T05:58:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/75062/
Disability: A Brief Conceptual Overview
Chacko, Anooja
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I19 - Other
Disability is an umbrella term consisting of various deprivations and capacity limitations of people. As it generally decelerates the overall performance of people and society, it demands constant assessment. The definitions and classification should be done properly. The present paper makes a detailed conceptual overview of the concepts and classification of disability. The diverse instances of disabilities points out to the urgency for comprehensive policy action covering multiple aspects of livelihood vulnerability. In several cases disability serves as a feeding ground for poverty and other forms of discrimination. Hence it underscores the robust initiatives from the government to address the issue with due recognition.
2015-05-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/75062/1/MPRA_paper_75062.pdf
Chacko, Anooja (2015): Disability: A Brief Conceptual Overview.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:75196
2019-09-26T13:56:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493134
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493135
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/75196/
Disability, Employment and Livelihood: An Empirical Study of Malappuram district, Kerala
CHACKO, ANOOJA
I12 - Health Behavior
I14 - Health and Inequality
I15 - Health and Economic Development
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I19 - Other
Employment through various productive activities often serves as the basis of livelihood. But when it is destroyed through poor health, the entire web may be damaged. This may result in serious livelihood insecurity. The web of disability, unemployment and livelihood insecurity requires concrete empirical studies for effective policy intervention. The bidirectional link of disability with social exclusion and health impairment serves as the crux of the present paper. The paper highlights the need for social as well as institutional intervention through productive palliative care may help to reverse this negative web with much ease.
2015-01-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/75196/1/MPRA_paper_75196.pdf
CHACKO, ANOOJA (2015): Disability, Employment and Livelihood: An Empirical Study of Malappuram district, Kerala.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:79073
2019-09-26T09:06:21Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4330
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4D:4D30
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3130
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/79073/
A Correlation between Workplace Stress and Organizational Commitment: Doctors response from Public and Private Hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan
Zehra, Syeda Zufiesha
Ather, Marium
Zehra, Beenish
C0 - General
I10 - General
I12 - Health Behavior
I19 - Other
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
M0 - General
M10 - General
M12 - Personnel Management ; Executives; Executive Compensation
The study inspects the correlation between occupational stress and organizational commitment among doctors working in public and private sectors of Karachi. The self-constructive survey questionnaire is circulated through convenience sampling techniques and gathered 1039 responses (public hospital=549 and private hospitals=490). A five-point likert scale measured response ranges from strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (5) while 10-item scale was used to evaluate occupational stress. Additionally, dimensions of organizational commitment; affective, normative and continuance commitment were evaluated on a scale containing 6-items. The data was analyzed through SPSS 23. As interpreted from results, there is a weak positive linear relationship between AC and personal factor and organizational factor. Likewise, NC shares a weak positive linear relationship with personal resources and organizational factor. Similarly, CC has a weak positive linear relationship with personal factor and personal resources. However, AC has a strong negative relationship with personal resources while NC also has a strong negative relationship with personal factor. In a similar manner, CC has a weak negative linear relationship with organizational factor. Moreover, level of stress and commitment among doctors working in public hospitals is relatively low in contrast to private hospitals. In addition, males are under more stress. However, AC and NC are relatively high in females while CC is more in males.
2017-04-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/79073/1/MPRA_paper_79073.pdf
Zehra, Syeda Zufiesha and Ather, Marium and Zehra, Beenish (2017): A Correlation between Workplace Stress and Organizational Commitment: Doctors response from Public and Private Hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. Published in: IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Business Management (IMPACT: IJRBM) , Vol. 5, No. 5 (11 May 2017): pp. 41-52.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:79384
2019-09-29T12:13:25Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433132
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/79384/
Patients Compliance and Follow-Up Rate after Tooth Extraction
Faheem, Samra
C12 - Hypothesis Testing: General
D60 - General
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
I12 - Health Behavior
I19 - Other
Abiding to post-operative instructions properly may help rapid recovery from surgical procedure. The study aims to check the follow-up rate and compliance of patients who sternly follow the post-operative instructions after non-surgical permanent tooth extraction through health status of the socket. Study Design: This cross-sectional study involved 100 consenting patients was performed at dental OPDs of DOW University of Health Sciences Karachi. One week after procedure information about health status of socket was obtained through questionnaire and clinical examination. Data (age, gender, socket status) analyzed using Pearson’s chi square test with P-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Out of 100 patients, 66 appear for follow-up where 34 remain absent. 66 patients who completed the study include 31 male and 34 female, with the mean age of 43.06±16.19 years from which 18 cases report poor socket status and 48 cases report good socket hygiene. No significant difference between age, gender, and socket status was reported (P › 0.05). This study showed no statistical association of age and gender with the health status of socket. Additionally, it highlights the need to properly educate patients on the effect of compliance and the various complications and factors affecting, after tooth extraction due to non-compliance.
2017-04-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/79384/1/MPRA_paper_79384.pdf
Faheem, Samra (2017): Patients Compliance and Follow-Up Rate after Tooth Extraction. Published in: IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) , Vol. 16, No. 5 (23 May 2017): pp. 115-120.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:79401
2019-10-14T04:41:30Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433132
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/79401/
Patients Compliance and Follow-Up Rate after Tooth Extraction
Faheem, Samra
C12 - Hypothesis Testing: General
D60 - General
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
I12 - Health Behavior
I19 - Other
Abiding to post-operative instructions properly may help rapid recovery from surgical procedure. The study aims to check the follow-up rate and compliance of patients who sternly follow the post-operative instructions after non-surgical permanent tooth extraction through health status of the socket. Study Design: This cross-sectional study involved 100 consenting patients was performed at dental OPDs of DOW University of Health Sciences Karachi. One week after procedure information about health status of socket was obtained through questionnaire and clinical examination. Data (age, gender, socket status) analyzed using Pearson’s chi square test with P-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Out of 100 patients, 66 appear for follow-up where 34 remain absent. 66 patients who completed the study include 31 male and 34 female, with the mean age of 43.06±16.19 years from which 18 cases report poor socket status and 48 cases report good socket hygiene. No significant difference between age, gender, and socket status was reported (P › 0.05). This study showed no statistical association of age and gender with the health status of socket. Additionally, it highlights the need to properly educate patients on the effect of compliance and the various complications and factors affecting, after tooth extraction due to non-compliance.
2017-04-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/79401/1/MPRA_paper_79384.pdf
Faheem, Samra (2017): Patients Compliance and Follow-Up Rate after Tooth Extraction. Published in: IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) , Vol. 16, No. 5 (23 May 2017): pp. 115-120.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:80252
2019-09-28T14:47:06Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/80252/
Prevalence of neuro-musculoskeletal complications in patients with T2DM
Saif, Mehvish
Ali, Syed Zain
Zehra, Syeda Zufiesha
Zehra, Beenish
I1 - Health
I10 - General
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
I12 - Health Behavior
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I19 - Other
Diabetes mellitus affects normal metabolizing body function and causes long term organs dysfunctions like blindness, kidney failure, neuropathy and autonomic dysfunction. The musculoskeletal is also affected by T2DM and causes pain, dysfunctions, and disabilities. Thus, this study is to find the prevalence of neuro-musculoskeletal complications in patients with T2DM. This cross sectional survey was conducted in various public and private sector hospitals of four major cities of Pakistan (Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, and Sargodha) from 1st May to 31st December 2015. The patients of type II diabetes mellitus with both gender and age above 40 were included, and patients with active systemic disease of bones and soft tissues were excluded. A self-structured questionnaire was developed, reviewed by experts, and finalized after calculating their recommendations. The questionnaire was distributed among 600 patients, out of whom 500 patients responded. The non-probability convenient sampling technique was used for data collection. The data was analyzed by SPSS and percentages were calculated to estimate the neuro-musculoskeletal complications in patients with T2DM.
The prevalence of neuro-musculoskeletal complication in type II Diabetes mellitus was 100 %, while the frozen shoulder, tingling sensations and ants crawling sensations (61%) were equally the most common neuro-musculoskeletal complications followed by knee pain (53%), low back pain (43%).The most involved age group was 61 to 65 years and 58% patients were with positive family history. The most commonly used way of treatment was medications (90%) and physical therapy (10%). It was proved in study that frozen shoulder, altered sensations, knee pain and back pain have high association with long duration of T2DM.There is association between long duration of diabetes mellitus and neuro-musculoskeletal complications. It is concluded that the prevalence of neuro-musculoskeletal complications is high among patients of T2DM and commonly affects shoulder, back, knee and altered sensation in legs. These are most commonly managed with medications followed by physical therapy.
2017-03-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/80252/1/MPRA_paper_80252.pdf
Saif, Mehvish and Ali, Syed Zain and Zehra, Syeda Zufiesha and Zehra, Beenish (2017): Prevalence of neuro-musculoskeletal complications in patients with T2DM. Published in: Advances in Life Science and Technology , Vol. 56, (31 May 2017): pp. 1-12.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:82909
2019-09-27T15:08:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82909/
Awareness about Diabetes Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies among Women of Punjab
Kansra, Dr. Pooja
I19 - Other
Objective: Diabetes is a huge challenge to country’s health and economy. It has been widely debated that in order to reduce the incidence and consequences of diabetes, its awareness among the masses is pre-requisite. Thereby, in the present paper an attempt has been made to examine the awareness of the risk factors and preventive strategies of diabetes among women. Materials and Methods: The study was based on primary data collected from 200 women from Jalandhar. The analysis of the data has been made with the help of frequencies, percentages and weighted average score. Results: It has been found that 96 percent of the women were aware of diabetes. However, only 42 percent, 30 percent, 22 percent, 13 percent and 29 percent were aware of prevention of diabetes, vaccine for diabetes, complete cure for diabetes and susceptibility of diabetes. Conclusion: These figures are compelling enough to stimulate government to decide to take corrective actions to address the awareness of diabetes among women. It was also found the awareness of the risk factors and preventive measures was low among the sampled respondents. Need of the hour is to create awareness of diabetes, risk factors and lifestyle changes which can prevent or delay diabetes.
2017-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82909/1/MPRA_paper_82909.pdf
Kansra, Dr. Pooja (2017): Awareness about Diabetes Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies among Women of Punjab.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:83566
2019-09-26T13:19:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D49:4933
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/83566/
Energy deprivation of Indian households: evidence from NSSO data
Ranjan, Rahul
Singh, Sudershan
I19 - Other
I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q40 - General
This study examines the patterns of domestic energy consumption of households in India over the period of past two and half decades. The analysis shows that the use of energy varies across rural and urban households and also across the categories of low and high income groups. Although increase in income is accompanied with the change in household’s fuel mix but total disappearance of fuel-wood for cooking purpose is uncommon. Households wait for threshold level of income in order to change their cooking energy preferences but their lighting energy preferences change constantly with income. Further, a puzzling pattern is noticed that monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE) and average calorie intake from energy sources move in opposite directions in the considered second decade of the study which this paper intends to explain. Further, this paper makes an attempt to estimate Gini Coefficients to measure energy inequality in terms of energy consumption and expenditure. This is revealed that inequality is high in the consumption of LPG in rural areas and that of electricity in urban areas. In addition to this, various methods for estimating the energy poverty are also examined. Each one leads to the conclusion that energy poverty was sharply declined in India in the period 1999-00 and then suddenly increased in 2011-12.
2017-12-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/83566/1/MPRA_paper_83566.pdf
Ranjan, Rahul and Singh, Sudershan (2017): Energy deprivation of Indian households: evidence from NSSO data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:85217
2019-09-26T10:21:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D49:4932
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/85217/
Human Resources in Healthcare and Health Outcomes in India
Motkuri, Venkatanarayana
Mishra, Uday Shankar
I10 - General
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I19 - Other
I2 - Education and Research Institutions
The paper examined the growth and adequacy of the workforce engaged in health care sector in India for two decades based on Census data along with the association between health workers density and educational development and then selected health outcome (i.e. IMR). Despite the remarkable improvement in health workers density particularly during 2001-11, the country is falling short of the same. It is observed that there is a significantly positive association between density of health workforce and educational development. There is a significant and strong positive relationship / association between the density of health workers and health outcomes.
2018-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/85217/1/MPRA_paper_85217.pdf
Motkuri, Venkatanarayana and Mishra, Uday Shankar (2018): Human Resources in Healthcare and Health Outcomes in India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:87067
2019-09-26T08:55:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493135
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/87067/
Health Information Systems in India: Challenges and way forward
Tripathi, Shruti
Sharma, Rachna
Nagarajan, Shyama
I10 - General
I15 - Health and Economic Development
I19 - Other
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) now endorsed by all UN member state as a part of their sustainable development goals, ushered in an era of improved governance and further development of health care systems. For the seamless functioning of health care systems
and for their future development and sustainability, complete and reliable information is essential. The role of Health Information System (HIS) is to ensure recording, analysis, dissemination and use of re-
liable and timely data by decision-makers at all levels of the health system. Information is used in a wide range of situations: when developing national strategies and plans; when monitoring progress against national priorities; or when responding to public health emergencies. Information is also needed for greater accountability for results. Given India's commitment to UHC, this paper explores the current HIS of
India and understands its completeness and usefulness given the international standards. Article further describes various issues pertaining
to data collection, definition, analysis and dissemination at national, sub-national and institutional level, where do India lags and what can
be done to develop a seamless HIS for India.
2018-05-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/87067/1/MPRA_paper_87067.pdf
Tripathi, Shruti and Sharma, Rachna and Nagarajan, Shyama (2018): Health Information Systems in India: Challenges and way forward.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:92548
2019-09-26T13:52:24Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463335
7375626A656374733D46:4635
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3139
7375626A656374733D50:5032
7375626A656374733D50:5033
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/92548/
Famine in North Korea: Markets, Aid, and Reform
Noland, Marcus
Haggard, Stephan
F35 - Foreign Aid
F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy
I19 - Other
J19 - Other
P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies
P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions
A famine in the 1990s killed as many as 1 million North Koreans or roughly 5 percent of the population. North Korean claims that the famine was due primarily to natural disasters and external shocks were misleading in important respects: the decline in food production and the deterioration in internal conditions were visible years before the floods of 1995, but the government was culpably slow to take the necessary steps to guarantee adequate food supplies. With plausible policy adjustments—such as maintaining food imports on commercial terms or aggressively seeking multilateral assistance—the government could have avoided the famine. Instead, it blocked humanitarian aid to the hardest hit parts of the country during the peak of the famine and curtailed commercial imports of food once humanitarian assistance began.
Coping responses by households during the famine contributed to a bottom-up marketization of the economy, in effect, ratified by the economic policy changes introduced by the North Korean government in 2002. What began as a socialist famine arising out of failed agricultural policies and a misguided emphasis on food self-sufficiency has evolved into a chronic emergency more akin to those observed in market economies.
The world community responded to this tragedy with considerable generosity. Yet at virtually every point, the North Korean government placed roadblocks in the way of the donor community, and the relief effort was woefully below international standards in terms of transparency and effectiveness. Up to half of aid deliveries did not reach their intended recipients.
2007-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/92548/1/MPRA_paper_92548.pdf
Noland, Marcus and Haggard, Stephan (2007): Famine in North Korea: Markets, Aid, and Reform. Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:92551
2019-09-29T23:05:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483735
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493135
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3236
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3332
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/92551/
Short-Run Health Consequences of Retirement and Pension Benefits: Evidence from China
Nikolov, Plamen
Adelman, Alan
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
H75 - State and Local Government: Health ; Education ; Welfare ; Public Pensions
I10 - General
I12 - Health Behavior
I15 - Health and Economic Development
I19 - Other
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits ; Retirement Plans ; Private Pensions
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
This paper examines the impact of the New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS) in China. Exploiting the staggered implementation of an NRPS policy expansion that began in 2009, we used a difference-in-difference approach to study the effects of the introduction of pension benefits on the health status, health behaviors, and healthcare utilization of rural Chinese adults age 60 and above. The results point to three main conclusions. First, in addition to improvements in self-reported health, older adults with access to the pension program experienced significant improvements in several important measures of health, including mobility, self-care, usual activities, and vision. Second, regarding the functional domains of mobility and self-care, we found that the females in the study group led in improvements over their male counterparts. Third, in our search for the mechanisms that drive positive retirement program results, we find evidence that changes in individual health behaviors, such as a reduction in drinking and smoking, and improved sleep habits, play an important role. Our findings point to the potential benefits of retirement programs resulting from social spillover effects. In addition, these programs may lessen the morbidity burden among the retired population. (JEL H55, H75, I10, I12, I19, J26)
2018-11-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/92551/1/MPRA_paper_92551.pdf
Nikolov, Plamen and Adelman, Alan (2018): Short-Run Health Consequences of Retirement and Pension Benefits: Evidence from China.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:94928
2019-09-26T23:21:20Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D45:4530:453031
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493134
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D59:5938
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/94928/
Stillbirths: How should its rate be reported, its disability-adjusted-life-years (DALY), and stillbirths adjusted life expectancy
Kant, Chander
E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth ; Environmental Accounts
I14 - Health and Inequality
I19 - Other
Y8 - Related Disciplines
Background
A 2016 study standardized the definition of stillbirths. It estimated the rate as a proportion of total births. A 2015 paper addressed the problem of disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) for stillbirths. There has been no adjustment of life expectancy at birth to account for stillbirths.
Methods and Results
We follow mathematical and computational methods, use algebra to derive relationships, and large databases. We express the rate as a proportion of live births and use this rate to adjust life expectancy at birth for stillbirths. We then use the difference between the traditional life expectancy and stillbirths adjusted life expectancy (SALE) to obtain DALY for stillbirths for 194 countries, the Millennium Development Goal regions, and income groups.
We show defining stillbirths’ rate as a proportion of live births enhances stillbirths’ importance, especially in poorer countries; negates some of its under-statement vis-a-vis neonatal mortality rate, accentuates its decrease; and permits inference about relative magnitudes of stillbirths and neonatal mortality from the two rates. Using it, we derive stillbirths adjusted life expectancy, and suggest it reflects a more complete and accurate measure of comparative life expectancies of different countries. Its difference from the traditional life expectancy is used to measure DALY for stillbirths that totals 165.3 million years worldwide.
Conclusion
Stillbirths almost equals neonatal mortality yet have not received almost equal attention. We hope highlighting them and adjusting life expectancy for it will spur health interventions so that grand convergence of health outcomes in different countries can be more rapidly achieved. We also believe SALE is a more complete and accurate measure of comparative life expectancies.
2019-03-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/94928/1/MPRA_paper_94928.pdf
Kant, Chander (2019): Stillbirths: How should its rate be reported, its disability-adjusted-life-years (DALY), and stillbirths adjusted life expectancy. Forthcoming in: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:97769
2019-12-23T12:12:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493133
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/97769/
Uninsurance and Purchases of Prescription Drugs with High Rates of Misuse: Evidence from the Federal Dependent Coverage Mandate
DiNardi, Michael
I13 - Health Insurance, Public and Private
I19 - Other
Prescription central nervous system depressants, opioid pain relievers, and stimulants provide therapeutic value, but misuse for their recreational value is a growing problem in the United States. Because health insurance lowers the cost of purchasing prescription drugs, losing coverage may cause individuals to forgo treatment and decrease prescription drug consumption which could reduce health and increase the likelihood of overdose and death if individuals substitute to using illicit drugs. Using a regression discontinuity design, I estimate the effect of aging out of the federal dependent coverage mandate at age 26 on legal purchases of prescription central nervous system depressants, opioids, and stimulants. Individuals are 0.8-1 percentage points less likely to purchase a prescription central nervous system depressant and 1-2.6 percentage point less likely to purchase a prescription opioid after turning 26. These effects are strongest for women, while estimated effects for men are generally negative but imprecise.
2019-12-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/97769/1/MPRA_paper_97769.pdf
DiNardi, Michael (2019): Uninsurance and Purchases of Prescription Drugs with High Rates of Misuse: Evidence from the Federal Dependent Coverage Mandate.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:97932
2020-01-05T05:16:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493133
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/97932/
Uninsurance and Purchases of Prescription Drugs with High Rates of Misuse: Evidence from the Federal Dependent Coverage Mandate
DiNardi, Michael
I13 - Health Insurance, Public and Private
I19 - Other
Prescription central nervous system depressants, opioid pain relievers, and stimulants provide therapeutic value, but misuse for their recreational value is a growing problem in the United States. Because health insurance lowers the cost of purchasing prescription drugs, losing coverage may cause individuals to forgo treatment and decrease prescription drug consumption which could reduce health and increase the likelihood of overdose and death if individuals substitute to using illicit drugs. Using a regression discontinuity design, I estimate the effect of aging out of the federal dependent coverage mandate at age 26 on legal purchases of prescription central nervous system depressants, opioids, and stimulants. Individuals are 0.8-1 percentage points less likely to purchase a prescription central nervous system depressant and 1-2.6 percentage point less likely to purchase a prescription opioid after turning 26. These effects are strongest for women, while estimated effects for men are generally negative but imprecise.
2019-12-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/97932/1/MPRA_paper_97932.pdf
DiNardi, Michael (2019): Uninsurance and Purchases of Prescription Drugs with High Rates of Misuse: Evidence from the Federal Dependent Coverage Mandate.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:99656
2022-02-28T19:23:54Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:101348
2022-02-28T17:25:19Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:102039
2020-07-26T06:12:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433032
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433830
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433839
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102039/
Data mining for the study of the Epidemic (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19: Algorithm for the identification of patients speaking the native language in the Totonacapan area – Mexico
Medel-Ramírez, Carlos
Medel-López, Hilario
C02 - Mathematical Methods
C80 - General
C89 - Other
I19 - Other
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
The importance of the working document is that it allows analyzing the information and the status of the cases associated with (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19 as data open to the municipal government and especially in the Totonacapan Zone in Mexico, from the registry patient diary, according to age, sex, comorbidities and condition of (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19, according to the following characteristics: a) Positive, b) Negative, c) Suspect. Likewise, it presents information on the identification of an outpatient and / or hospitalized patient, attending to their medical development, identifying: a) Recovered, b) Deaths and c) Assets. Data analysis is carried out by applying a data mining algorithm, which provides the information, fast and timely, necessary for the estimation of the healthcare scenarios of (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19.
2020-07-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102039/1/MPRA_paper_102039.pdf
Medel-Ramírez, Carlos and Medel-López, Hilario (2020): Data mining for the study of the Epidemic (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19: Algorithm for the identification of patients speaking the native language in the Totonacapan area – Mexico.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:102315
2020-08-10T07:50:15Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473137
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102315/
Short-term forecasting of the COVID-19 pandemic using Google Trends data: Evidence from 158 countries
Fantazzini, Dean
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
G17 - Financial Forecasting and Simulation
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
I19 - Other
The ability of Google Trends data to forecast the number of new daily cases and deaths of COVID-19 is examined using a dataset of 158 countries. The analysis includes the computations of lag correlations between confirmed cases and Google data, Granger causality tests, and an out-of-sample forecasting exercise with 18 competing models with a forecast horizon of 14 days ahead. This evidence shows that Google-augmented models outperform the competing models for most of the countries. This is significant because Google data can complement epidemiological models during difficult times like the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, when official statistics maybe not fully reliable and/or published with a delay. Moreover, real-time tracking with online-data is one of the instruments that can be used to keep the situation under control when national lockdowns are lifted and economies gradually reopen.
2020-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102315/1/MPRA_paper_102315.pdf
Fantazzini, Dean (2020): Short-term forecasting of the COVID-19 pandemic using Google Trends data: Evidence from 158 countries. Forthcoming in: Applied Econometrics (2020): 1 -20.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:102579
2020-08-26T11:01:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433630
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433635
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433639
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433838
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493134
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102579/
Impact of (SARS-CoV-2) COVID 19 on the indigenous language-speaking population in Mexico
Medel-Ramírez, Carlos
Medel-López, Hilario
C60 - General
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
C69 - Other
C88 - Other Computer Software
I10 - General
I14 - Health and Inequality
I19 - Other
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
The importance of the working document is that it allows the analysis of the information and the status of cases associated with (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19 as open data at the municipal, state and national level, with a daily record of patients, according to a age, sex, comorbidities, for the condition of (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19 according to the following characteristics: a) Positive, b) Negative, c) Suspicious. Likewise, it presents information related to the identification of an outpatient and / or hospitalized patient, attending to their medical development, identifying: a) Recovered, b) Deaths and c) Active, in Phase 3 and Phase 4, in the five main population areas speaker of indigenous language in the State of Veracruz - Mexico. The data analysis is carried out through the application of a data mining algorithm, which provides the information, fast and timely, required for the estimation of Medical Care Scenarios of (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19, as well as for know the impact on the indigenous language-speaking population in Mexico.
2020-08-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102579/1/MPRA_paper_102579.pdf
Medel-Ramírez, Carlos and Medel-López, Hilario (2020): Impact of (SARS-CoV-2) COVID 19 on the indigenous language-speaking population in Mexico.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:103096
2020-09-24T15:49:55Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433032
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433635
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/103096/
Экономическая эффективность доклинической диагностики болезни Паркинсона: марковская модель
Vartanov, Sergey
Bogatova, Irina
Denisova, Irina
Kucheryanu, Valerian
Tourdyeva, Natalia
Chubarova, Tatyana
Shakleina, Marina
Polterovich, Victor
C02 - Mathematical Methods
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
I10 - General
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
I19 - Other
This work is devoted to the pharmacoeconomic analysis of the results of the introduction of early (preclinical) diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in Russia. On the basis of a combination of socio-economic determinants and a panel of blood biomarkers, it may be possible to identify among the entire population a “risk group” - people most likely to develop parkinsonism or are already sick with it at the preclinical stage. Together with the approach traditionally used in the pharmacoeconomics of chronic and long-term diseases, based on the representation of the dynamics of the development of the disease using Markov chains - discrete random processes without memory - this makes it possible to analyze the economic effects of early detection of cases and conducting preventive preclinical therapy. The work investigated the Markov model of Parkinson's disease, consisting of nine states - five states corresponding to the stages HY1-HY5, two preclinical states ("risk group", "prodromal state"). Using as the initial data for the model, the probability of transition between states and health-adjusted quality of life (HRQoL) estimates, published in a number of works of researchers affiliated with AbbVie Corporation, and calculating the cost of therapy based on open data on the cost of drugs and procedures in Russian market (eapteka, apteka.ru, piluli.ru, website of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation), the work shows that due to the introduction of preclinical diagnostics and preventive treatment at preclinical stages, identified patients can significantly increase the average survival time (in quality of life-adjusted years) compared to standard therapy, and the average cost per patient until the end of life can be significantly reduced.
2020-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/103096/1/MPRA_paper_103096.pdf
Vartanov, Sergey and Bogatova, Irina and Denisova, Irina and Kucheryanu, Valerian and Tourdyeva, Natalia and Chubarova, Tatyana and Shakleina, Marina and Polterovich, Victor (2020): Экономическая эффективность доклинической диагностики болезни Паркинсона: марковская модель. Forthcoming in: The bulletin of the Far Eastern Federal University. Economics and Management
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:103098
2020-09-29T06:52:45Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433032
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433635
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/103098/
Экономическая эффективность доклинической диагностики болезни Паркинсона: марковская модель
Vartanov, Sergey
Bogatova, Irina
Denisova, Irina
Kucheryanu, Valerian
Tourdyeva, Natalia
Chubarova, Tatyana
Shakleina, Marina
Polterovich, Victor
C02 - Mathematical Methods
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
I10 - General
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
I19 - Other
This article contains a pharmacoeconomic analysis of early (preclinical) diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in Russia. Previous works show that using a combination of socio-economic determinants and a panel of blood biomarkers one may distinguish a Parkinsonism-related “risk group” among the entire population. This group consists of people who are most vulnerable to parkinsonism or are already ill, but at the preclinical stage. Together with the approach traditionally used in the pharmacoeconomics of chronic and long-term diseases, based on the representation of the dynamics of the development of the disease using Markov chains - discrete random processes without memory - this makes it possible to analyze the economic effects of early detection of cases and conducting preventive preclinical therapy. The work investigates the Markov model of Parkinson's disease, consisting of nine states - five states corresponding to the stages HY1-HY5, two preclinical states ("risk group", "prodromal state"). We use as the initial data for the model the probability of transition between states and health-adjusted quality of life (HRQoL) estimates, published in a number of works of researchers affiliated with AbbVie Corporation, and calculate the cost of therapy based on open data on the cost of drugs and procedures in Russian market. Moreover, we show that due to the introduction of preclinical diagnostics and preventive treatment at preclinical stages, identified patients can significantly increase the average survival time (in quality-adjusted life-years) compared to standard therapy, and the average cost per patient until the end of life can be significantly reduced.
2020-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/103098/8/MPRA_paper_103098.pdf
Vartanov, Sergey and Bogatova, Irina and Denisova, Irina and Kucheryanu, Valerian and Tourdyeva, Natalia and Chubarova, Tatyana and Shakleina, Marina and Polterovich, Victor (2020): Экономическая эффективность доклинической диагностики болезни Паркинсона: марковская модель. Forthcoming in: The bulletin of the Far Eastern Federal University. Economics and Management
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:103218
2020-09-30T08:53:24Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433032
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433635
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/103218/
Экономическая эффективность доклинической диагностики болезни Паркинсона: марковская модель
Vartanov, Sergey
Bogatova, Irina
Denisova, Irina
Kucheryanu, Valerian
Tourdyeva, Natalia
Chubarova, Tatyana
Shakleina, Marina
Polterovich, Victor
C02 - Mathematical Methods
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
I10 - General
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
I19 - Other
This article contains a pharmacoeconomic analysis of early (preclinical) diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in Russia. Previous works show that using a combination of socio-economic determinants and a panel of blood biomarkers one may distinguish a Parkinsonism-related “risk group” among the entire population. This group consists of people who are most vulnerable to parkinsonism or are already ill, but at the preclinical stage. Together with the approach traditionally used in the pharmacoeconomics of chronic and long-term diseases, based on the representation of the dynamics of the development of the disease using Markov chains - discrete random processes without memory - this makes it possible to analyze the economic effects of early detection of cases and conducting preventive preclinical therapy. The work investigates the Markov model of Parkinson's disease, consisting of nine states - five states corresponding to the stages HY1-HY5, two preclinical states ("risk group", "prodromal state"). We use as the initial data for the model the probability of transition between states and health-adjusted quality of life (HRQoL) estimates, published in a number of works of researchers affiliated with AbbVie Corporation, and calculate the cost of therapy based on open data on the cost of drugs and procedures in Russian market. Moreover, we show that due to the introduction of preclinical diagnostics and preventive treatment at preclinical stages, identified patients can significantly increase the average survival time (in quality-adjusted life-years) compared to standard therapy, and the average cost per patient until the end of life can be significantly reduced.
2020-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/103218/8/MPRA_paper_103098.pdf
Vartanov, Sergey and Bogatova, Irina and Denisova, Irina and Kucheryanu, Valerian and Tourdyeva, Natalia and Chubarova, Tatyana and Shakleina, Marina and Polterovich, Victor (2020): Экономическая эффективность доклинической диагностики болезни Паркинсона: марковская модель. Forthcoming in: The bulletin of the Far Eastern Federal University. Economics and Management
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:104159
2020-11-16T16:07:52Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/104159/
Анализ смертности населения методами иерархического анализа
Timiryanova, Venera
Zimin, Aleksandr
I19 - Other
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
The article presents the results of the analysis of mortality in municipalities in conjunction with the development of the health care system in the regions using the methods of hierarchical analysis. The study was conducted on the basis of data from 260 municipal districts and urbans of 6 regions of the Russian Federation. The results showed a significant influence on the mortality rate of such factors: wages of the population and the number of doctors in municipalities and the cost of providing outpatient medical care in the regions.
В статье представлены результаты анализа смертности в муниципальных образованиях в увязке с развитием системы здравоохранения методами иерархического анализа. Исследование проводилось по данным 260 муниципальных районов и городских округов 6 субъектов РФ. Результаты показали значимое влияние среднемесячной заработной платы населения и численности врачей и расходов на оказание амбулаторной медицинской помощи на уровень смертности.
2020-11-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/104159/1/MPRA_paper_104159.pdf
Timiryanova, Venera and Zimin, Aleksandr (2020): Анализ смертности населения методами иерархического анализа. Forthcoming in: II Научно-практическая конференция «Перспективы развития экономики здоровья» (2020)
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:105099
2021-12-16T04:19:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433130
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/105099/
Estimasi angka reproduksi Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), Kasus Indonesia (Estimation of COVID-19 reproductive number, case of Indonesia
Fajar, Muhammad
C10 - General
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
I19 - Other
The purpose of this study is to estimate the COVID-19 reproduction rate, vaccination coverage and forecast the next 20 days, which is useful as an anticipatory step for the COVID-19 pandemic. The benefits of research as a consideration in efforts to stop the spread of COVID-19. The method used in the study is the SIR model, exponential growth rate, maximum likelihood, time-dependent, and sequential bayesian to estimate COVID-19 reproduction rates, and to forecast using extreme learning machines (ELM). The data used in this study is the cumulative number of individual (cases) confirmed positive COVID-19 sourced from www.covid19.go.id. This study produced several conclusions, including: (1) that the R_0 value was 1.728
(> 1) and the R_1value ranged from 2.892 to 5.667 (> 1), meaning that the number of individuals infected with COVID-19 would increase until one day it would reach a stable point, (2) The number of individuals vaccination (if experts find COVID-19 vaccine) based on R_0 (V_(R_0 ) ) is 42.145%, and vaccination coverage based on R (V_R ) from four methods ranges from 75% to 86%, and (3) forecasting results for the next 20 days using ELM, obtained information that the number of cases will continue to increase to the point where the cumulative movement of the individual (cases) confirmed COVID-19 is stable (no trend).
Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengestimasi angka reproduksi COVID-19, cakupan vaksinasi dan melakukan peramalan 20 hari kedepan, yang berguna sebagai untuk langkah antisipasi pandemik COVID-19. Manfaat penelitian sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam upaya menghentikan penyebaran COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah model SIR, exponential growth rate, maximum likelihood, time dependent, dan bayesian sequential untuk mengestimasi angka reproduksi COVID-19, dan untuk peramalan menggunakan extreme learning machine (ELM). Adapun data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah data jumlah kumulatif individu (kasus) terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19 yang bersumber dari www.covid19.go.id. Penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa kesimpulan antara lain: (1) bahwa nilai R_0 adalah 1.728 (> 1) dan nilai R berkisar antara 2.892 hingga 5.667 (> 1), artinya bahwa jumlah individu terinfeksi COVID-19 akan semakin meningkat hingga suatu saat nanti akan mencapai titik stabil, (2) Banyaknya individu yang perlu dilakukan vaksinasi (jika para ahli menemukan vaksin COVID-19) berdasarkan R_0 (V_(R_0 ) ) adalah sebesar 42.145%, dan cakupan vaksinasi berdasarkan R (V_R )dari empat metode berkisar antara 75% hingga 86%, dan (3) hasil peramalan untuk 20 hari ke depan dengan menggunakan ELM, diperoleh informasi bahwa jumlah kasus ini akan terus meningkat sampai pada titik dimana pergerakan jumlah kumulatif individu (kasus) terkonfirmasi COVID-19 stabil (tidak ada trend).
2020-03-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/105099/1/MPRA_paper_105099.pdf
Fajar, Muhammad (2020): Estimasi angka reproduksi Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), Kasus Indonesia (Estimation of COVID-19 reproductive number, case of Indonesia.
id
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:105236
2022-02-23T16:02:09Z
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