2024-03-29T09:03:30Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1393
2019-09-26T15:32:05Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1393/
Indigenous Job Search Success
Gray, Matthew
Hunter, Boyd
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J00 - General
One important and under-researched aspect of labour market policy is the extent to which policy interventions are effective in modifying job search behaviour. Furthermore, there is little extant research on whether certain job search behaviours lead to labour market success. Our analysis uses the only existing largescale longitudinal survey of Indigenous Australians to examine the effects of job search behaviour over an 18-month period from March 1996. One major fi nding is that the introduction of the Job Search Diary during the survey period was effective in increasing search intensity—but this increase in intensity did not result in increased employment rates. Another finding is that the job search methods used were not generally related to the probability of fi nding and retaining employment when a range of other personal and regional factors are taken into account. Those with a greater level of search intensity (as measured by the number of jobs applied for) at the fi rst wave of the survey did have a signifi cantly higher probability of finding employment than those searching less intensely. However, search intensity is unrelated to the probability of job retention. Other factors, such as educational attainment, health status, region of residence and having been arrested, account for the majority of labour market success (or lack of it) among unemployed
Indigenous job seekers.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1393/1/MPRA_paper_1393.pdf
Gray, Matthew and Hunter, Boyd (2005): Indigenous Job Search Success. Published in: Centre for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper No. 274 (2005)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1880
2019-09-27T09:35:04Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1880/
Education and labour productivity in New Zealand
Razzak, Weshah
Timmins, Jason
D20 - General
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
We estimate the effect of four types of education qualifications, as a proxy for human capital and skill levels, on GDP per capita, and compute the average percentage returns. We also test the effect of the product of each proxy of human capital with R&D on GDP per capita. We find that only university qualification and its product with R&D to have a positive effect on the average economy-wide productivity.
2007-02-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1880/1/MPRA_paper_1880.pdf
Razzak, Weshah and Timmins, Jason (2007): Education and labour productivity in New Zealand. Forthcoming in: Applied Economics Letters
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1882
2019-09-30T17:00:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1882/
Education and labour productivity in New Zealand
Razzak, Weshah
Timmins, Jason
D20 - General
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
We estimate the effect of four types of education qualifications, as a proxy for human capital and skill levels, on GDP per capita, and compute the average percentage returns. We also test the effect of the product of each proxy of human capital with R&D on GDP per capita. We find that only university qualification and its product with R&D to have a positive effect on the average economy-wide productivity.
2007-02-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1882/1/MPRA_paper_1882.pdf
Razzak, Weshah and Timmins, Jason (2007): Education and labour productivity in New Zealand.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2396
2019-09-28T04:50:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D50:5035
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2396/
Different paths towards Flexibility, Deregulated employment protection or temporary employment?
Chung, Heejung
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J00 - General
P5 - Comparative Economic Systems
There are numerous debates on the need to increase flexibility through deregulation
of employment protection. Many believe it is essential in generating employment but it is also believed to generate �socially unacceptable� flexible jobs. However, recent studies point to strict regulations on firing permanent workers as the cause of increase in the shares of temporary employment. In other words, stringent protective regulations are not only a source of rigidity, but also force employers to increase flexibility in the labour market through other means. This study explores this hypothesis by examining various aspects of employment protection legislation in concomitance with other competing factors, including structural changes and labour market institutional factors, to explain the cross-national variance of temporary employment across 19 OECD countries using quantitative data. The results show that high cost of firing workers on permanent contracts is the most important factor that explains the high shares of temporary employment. This implies that there are two different ways in which flexibility has been introduced. Either introducing flexibility throughout the labour market using relaxed regulations on firing regular workers, or securing the core workers with high firing cost for regular workers while allowing for flexibility through the use of temporary employment.
2005-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2396/1/MPRA_paper_2396.pdf
Chung, Heejung (2005): Different paths towards Flexibility, Deregulated employment protection or temporary employment?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2991
2019-09-29T00:38:37Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3635
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2991/
The Approach to Seasonal Unemployment in the Nordic Countries: A Comparison with Canada
Grady, Patrick
Kapsalis, Constantine
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J60 - General
J65 - Unemployment Insurance ; Severance Pay ; Plant Closings
J01 - Labor Economics: General
This paper compares policies with respect to seasonal unemployment in the five Nordic countries with Canada. A key finding of this study is that unlike Canada Nordic countries do notspecifically address seasonal employment. Another was that in spite of the weather fluctuations in seasonal unemployment were much less pronounced than in Canada. This paper reviews the labour market policies in the Nordic countries that contributed to lower levels of seasonal unemployment.
2002-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2991/1/MPRA_paper_2991.pdf
Grady, Patrick and Kapsalis, Constantine (2002): The Approach to Seasonal Unemployment in the Nordic Countries: A Comparison with Canada. Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4436
2019-10-01T16:56:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3538
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483230
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4436/
L’evoluzione dei patti sociali in una prospettiva analitica
Acocella, Nicola
Di Bartolomeo, Giovanni
Papa, Stefano
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
J58 - Public Policy
H20 - General
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
In this paper we revisit the case for corporatist agreements in a model where labor markets are unionized, the government controls the fiscal stance, and an independent central bank sets monetary policy. We can then analyze the scope for a political exchange between public expenditure and wage setting choices, showing that corporatism may generate quite different macroeconomic outcomes from the traditional exchange between wage restraint and high public expenditure. In fact our model can easily encompass both first and second-generation corporatist agreements.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4436/1/MPRA_paper_4436.pdf
Acocella, Nicola and Di Bartolomeo, Giovanni and Papa, Stefano (2006): L’evoluzione dei patti sociali in una prospettiva analitica.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4748
2019-09-26T09:39:51Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3633
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3831
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4748/
How have employees fared? Recent UK trends
Fitzner, Grant
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J63 - Turnover ; Vacancies ; Layoffs
J81 - Working Conditions
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor
An analysis of trends over the past decade in earnings, job growth, employment security and working time experienced by UK employees.
2006-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4748/1/MPRA_paper_4748.pdf
Fitzner, Grant (2006): How have employees fared? Recent UK trends. Published in: Employment Relations Research Series, Department of Trade and Industry No. 56
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5686
2019-09-28T16:57:20Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433832
7375626A656374733D59:5938:593830
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463437
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5686/
Foresight methodologies to understand changes in the labour process: Experience from Portugal
Moniz, António
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data ; Data Access
Y80 - Related Disciplines
F47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
O21 - Planning Models ; Planning Policy
The foresight and scenario building methods can be an interesting reference for social sciences, especially in terms of innovative methods for labour process analysis. A scenario – as a central concept for the prospective analysis – can be considered as a rich and detailed portrait of a plausible future world. It can be a useful tool for policy-makers to grasp problems clearly and comprehensively, and to better pinpoint challenges as well as opportunities in an overall framework.
The features of the foresight methods are being used in some labour policy making experiences.
Case studies developed in Portugal will be presented, and some conclusions will be drawn in order to organise a set of principles for foresight analysis applied to the European project WORKS on the work organisation re-structuring in the knowledge society, and on the work design methods for new management structures of virtual organisations.
2006-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5686/1/MPRA_paper_5686.pdf
Moniz, António (2006): Foresight methodologies to understand changes in the labour process: Experience from Portugal. Published in: Enterprise and Work Innovation Studies No. 2 (November 2006): pp. 105-116.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6583
2019-10-03T13:53:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6583/
public-private sector wage differentials for males and females in vietnam
Nguyen Danh, Hoang Long
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
J7 - Labor Discrimination
This study examines public administration-private wage differentials and SOEs-private wage differentials for males and females. Based on data from Vietnam Living Standards Survey in 2002 (VLSS 2002), wage equations with and without selectivity correction are estimated by sector of employment for males and females. From these results, the study compares the wage structure by sector of work for males and females. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition of the public administration-private sector wage differentials and the State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs)-private sector wage differentials are carried out. Results, which are controlled for observed characteristics and selection bias, indicate some main points. For men, public workers are paid lower than private workers. For women, public administration wages are lower than private wages. However, SOE wages are higher than private wages for women. The wage differential is mostly due to the differential in characteristics in which public workers have richer characteristics than private workers. In these worker characteristics, education is the most important element accounting for wage differentials. Besides, there are differences in returns to characteristics by sector of work for men and for women. Furthermore, the total unexplained differential has a large contribution of the wage differential in the constant term of public administration vs. private sector and SOE vs. private sector for men and women.
2002
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6583/1/MPRA_paper_6583.pdf
Nguyen Danh, Hoang Long (2002): public-private sector wage differentials for males and females in vietnam.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6604
2019-10-03T20:35:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483735
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3438
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6604/
Study of Instruments and Tools to Anticipate the Effects of Industrial Change - Portuguese report
Moniz, António
Dinis, Marco
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J60 - General
H75 - State and Local Government: Health ; Education ; Welfare ; Public Pensions
H30 - General
J48 - Public Policy
This study was produced for the “Study of Instruments and Tools to anticipate the effects of industrial change on employment, trades and vocational qualifications” and for DG V (Employment) of the European Commission in the late 1994. It started when the previous Portuguese government was still ruling, the main policies were defined, and the available instruments were not used in a minimum extend. The new Government, issued from the 1995 elections, proposed “employment” as a major objective with horizontal responsibility. That’s also why there is now a Ministry for Qualifications and Employment, and another one for Solidarity and Social Affairs, not one for Employment and Social Affairs as the previous Government had. But more than that, this objective is considered to need a coordinated and consistent action that involves external affairs, industrial and regional policies, and the policies on education, training and employment, among others. The promotion of the “quality of employment” is being recently done at the working conditions, remuneration, social protection, occupational promotion levels, and the equality of opportunities towards employment and vocational training levels, and finally, the levels of qualification of human resources for a better labour market, education policy and training policy developments.
In Portugal, the influence of the industrial change is produced in a top-down way; with (in some cases) an ex post analysis process to formulated training needs. This means that the industrial change impact is produced (normally, unexpectedly), and afterwards the responsible at the company level tries to know which training needs should be formulated in order those effects could be the smoother possible. The training needs at the company level is not based on anticipatory studies, neither is done any long term forecast on qualification, or even employment level.
1996-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6604/1/MPRA_paper_6604.pdf
Moniz, António and Dinis, Marco (1996): Study of Instruments and Tools to Anticipate the Effects of Industrial Change - Portuguese report.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6862
2019-10-04T05:03:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523533
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6862/
Impacto do desinvestimento no mercado local de emprego: o caso de uma unidade da indústria metalomecânica
Moniz, António
Gomes, Cláudia
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis ; Public Investment and Capital Stock
A14 - Sociology of Economics
This paper is a draft contribution for a definition of the concept of divestment. This topic is still very influenced by definitions from the fields of economics or management. Thus, from a group of definitions and approaches developed by different authors we try to elaborate on this divestment concept, searching for indicators and variables related to this practice. The founded indicators allow us to identify the main consequences and the potential social impacts due to divestment situations. Also we try to develop a methodology of research for analysis and impact framework that come from divestment action of companies.
2003-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6862/1/MPRA_paper_6862.pdf
Moniz, António and Gomes, Cláudia (2003): Impacto do desinvestimento no mercado local de emprego: o caso de uma unidade da indústria metalomecânica.
pt
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7998
2019-09-28T04:40:20Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7998/
Problems of market adjustments to occupational safety and health hazards
Chichilnisky, Graciela
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
This paper analyses problems of labor market adjustments to occupational safety and health (OSH) hazards. It also presents analytical models for the eventual measurement and empirical analyses of factors effecting the level of OSH hazards in the workplace. This study does not pretend to deal with the regulatory problem in occupational terms. It nevertheless raises conceptual issues that may be relevant for regulatory strategy.
Section I contains a statement of the problem and an outline of the analysis. Section II discusses the concept of appropriate levels of OSH. Section II studies the role of the market: wage differentials that compensate for OSH hazards ; some characteristics of market allocations of wages and safety such as efficiency and distribution. Section IV studies market imperfections: market adjustments with imperfect information about OSH and about firms' actions regarding OSH; the quasi public good aspects of OSH; institutional rigidities such as lack of perfect mobility of workers; OSH externalities such as spillover effects of OSH on the families of workers, the community near the workplace and society as a whole; and also externalities in the production of OSH and of OSH information. Section V studies the role of the government; its objectives and instruments of OSH policies. Section VI discusses the role of labor unions. The results suggest that there is no standard 'correct policy' for OSH but a variety of policies are required.
1978
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7998/1/MPRA_paper_7998.pdf
Chichilnisky, Graciela (1978): Problems of market adjustments to occupational safety and health hazards. Published in: Techinical Report, Office of Assistant Secretary for Policy, Evaulation and Research No. B-9-D-63788 (February 1978)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8345
2019-10-01T21:24:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8345/
The economics of Communist Party membership - The Curious case of rising numbers and wage premium during China’s transition
Appleton, Simon
Song, Lina
Knight, John
Xia, Qingjie
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
Why is it that, as the Chinese Communist Party has loosened its grip, abandoned its core beliefs, and marketized the economy, its membership has risen markedly along with the economic benefits of joining? We use three national household surveys, spanning eleven years, to answer this question with respect to labour market rewards in urban China. We conceptualize individual demand for Party membership as an investment in “political capital” that brings monetary rewards in terms of higher wages. This wage premium has risen with the growing wage differentials associated with the emergence of a labour market and the continuing value of political status in the semi-marketized transitional economy. However, a demand-side explanation does not explain the fact that the wage premium is higher for the personal characteristics that reduce the probability of membership. We develop an explanation in terms of a rationing of places and a scarcity value for members with those characteristics.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8345/1/MPRA_paper_8345.pdf
Appleton, Simon and Song, Lina and Knight, John and Xia, Qingjie (2006): The economics of Communist Party membership - The Curious case of rising numbers and wage premium during China’s transition.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9847
2019-09-26T09:13:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9847/
Empleo, pequeñas empresas locales y estrategias de desarrollo endogeno. Experiencias en Argentina
Burachik, Gustavo
Gorenstein, Silvia
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J23 - Labor Demand
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
The ‘90s signaled a new phase in the restructuring process of the argentine economy initiated in the mid ‘70s. A broad range of deep changes in the structural conditions in which firms and institutions operate were introduced. This process have had clear impacts on the viability and/or necessary conditions for expansion of the local/regional productive systems. The starting point of this paper is the observation that many of the policy tools which are now being applied in Argentina are clearly embedded in the theoretical discussion and experiences
that take place in the highly industrilzed countries. First, we survey the recent theoretical discusion on territorial and local development policies in the developed countries. We then turn to the most prominent features of the reestructuring process in the Buenos Aires province (the main socio-economic region of the country). This, in turn, will lead us to the discussion about the self-employment programs that are now being implemented in the above mentioned region and their results. Finally, we present some conclusions.
1999
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9847/1/MPRA_paper_9847.pdf
Burachik, Gustavo and Gorenstein, Silvia (1999): Empleo, pequeñas empresas locales y estrategias de desarrollo endogeno. Experiencias en Argentina. Published in: Revista de Estudios Regionales No. 53 (1999): pp. 131-157.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10335
2019-09-26T08:50:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10335/
Active Labour Market Programmes and Poverty Dynamics in Ireland
Halpin, Brendan
Hill, John
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
C33 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs), which provide training and subsidised employment to the unemployed, are an important part of Ireland’s welfare state. While a good deal of existing research is concerned with the effect of these policies on employment chances and on wage rates, none addresses the connection between poverty and ALMPs. Do these policies have an effect on poverty? That is, first, to what extent do these policies serve the low-income population, as a consequence of and in addition to their focus on those in precarious labour market situations? Second, to what extent do these policies function to lift people out of poverty in the medium term? To address these issues we use longitudinal data from the Living in Ireland Survey (1994–2001) and examine how the respondents’ situation in one year predicts participation in employment and training schemes in the next year, and then how participation in these schemes affects poverty status in the following year. Participants on both sorts of schemes are much poorer than the population average, and those on employment schemes (but not training schemes) are even poorer than one would expect given their observed characteristics. Employment schemes and training schemes serve different purposes and different populations. A conventional logistic regression analysis seems to suggest that employment schemes (but not training schemes) positively increase the risk of poverty in the following year. This finding is not considered reliable, but rather it reflects the selection processes whereby those on employment schemes are in particularly vulnerable situations, in respects that are not picked up in the data set. A more rigorous analysis, using propensity score matching, reveals that employment schemes are neutral on poverty risk. Training schemes have a weak but insignificant protective effect. Considering the risk of poverty approximately one year after participation begins, employment schemes (and to a lesser extent, training schemes) do not provide a mechanism for immediately exiting poverty. We add the caveat that it may be desirable to consider outcomes two or more years into the future, were data available, and that other outcome measures of quality of life should also be taken into account. Ultimately, with regard to both labour market and poverty outcomes, we find no evidence that participants of training schemes or employment schemes have either raised their employment chances or reduced their risk of poverty in the year following their participation.
2008-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10335/1/MPRA_paper_10335.pdf
Halpin, Brendan and Hill, John (2008): Active Labour Market Programmes and Poverty Dynamics in Ireland. Published in: Combat Poverty Agency Research Working Papers , Vol. 5, No. August (August 2008)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10340
2019-10-02T19:26:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10340/
Active Labour Market Programmes and Poverty Dynamics in Ireland: 1994-2001
Halpin, Brendan
Hill, John
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs), which provide training and subsidised employment to the unemployed, are an important part of Ireland’s welfare state. While a good deal of existing research is concerned with the effect of these policies on employment chances and on wage rates, none addresses the connection between poverty and ALMPs. Do these policies have an effect on poverty? That is, first, to what extent do these policies serve the low-income population, as a consequence of and in addition to their focus on those in precarious labour market situations? Second, to what extent do these policies function to lift people out of poverty in the medium term? To address these issues we use longitudinal data from the Living in Ireland Survey (1994–2001) and examine how the respondents’ situation in one year predicts participation in employment and training schemes in the next year, and then how participation in these schemes affects poverty status in the following year. Participants on both sorts of schemes are much poorer than the population average, and those on employment schemes (but not training schemes) are even poorer than one would expect given their observed characteristics. Employment schemes and training schemes serve different purposes and different populations. A conventional logistic regression analysis seems to suggest that employment schemes (but not training schemes) positively increase the risk of poverty in the following year. This finding is not considered reliable, but rather it reflects the selection processes whereby those on employment schemes are in particularly vulnerable situations, in respects that are not picked up in the data set. A more rigorous analysis, using propensity score matching, reveals that employment schemes are neutral on poverty risk. Training schemes have a weak but insignificant protective effect. Considering the risk of poverty approximately one year after participation begins, employment schemes (and to a lesser extent, training schemes) do not provide a mechanism for immediately exiting poverty. We add the caveat that it may be desirable to consider outcomes two or more years into the future, were data available, and that other outcome measures of quality of life should also be taken into account. Ultimately, with regard to both labour market and poverty outcomes, we find no evidence that participants of training schemes or employment schemes have either raised their employment chances or reduced their risk of poverty in the year following their participation.
2007-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10340/1/MPRA_paper_10340.pdf
Halpin, Brendan and Hill, John (2007): Active Labour Market Programmes and Poverty Dynamics in Ireland: 1994-2001.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10353
2019-10-04T05:39:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3633
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3831
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10353/
Labour Market Segmentation, Flexibility and Precariousness in the Italian North East
Tattara, Giuseppe
Valentini, Marco
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J63 - Turnover ; Vacancies ; Layoffs
J81 - Working Conditions
Since the late 1970s, inequality has been on the rise in a number of OECD countries. One of the main causes of economic inequality, in Italy as in many other European countries, is rooted in the segmentation of the labour market. The Italian labour market is currently described as deeply segmented between an insider ad an outsider market.
In the Italian manufacturing sector the quota of stable workers has declined through time and the number of unstable workers, low qualified and low paid, has increased and represents a non-marginal quota of total employment. Frequently a young worker experiments a succession of temporary contracts at the beginning of his career and develop into a more permanent position But temporary workers have, several times, a different destiny: the situation of precariousness extends to the workers’ entire career and are to be considered as an extreme case of outsiders, who operate in bad working conditions and receive low wages compared to workers hired with an open-end contract. In this research workers in manufacturing are divided between movers and stayers. Both categories show signs of instability. The quota of tenure workers over total workers decreases and movers increase through time in a significant way. Among these are permanent movers whose work histories, fragmented and chaotic, are identified and are compared with those of workers having more stable careers.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10353/1/MPRA_paper_10353.pdf
Tattara, Giuseppe and Valentini, Marco (2008): Labour Market Segmentation, Flexibility and Precariousness in the Italian North East.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10474
2019-09-27T16:47:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10474/
Croissance et Emploi en Afrique Subsaharienne:Evidence théorique et Faits Empiriques
Yogo, Urbain Thierry
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J01 - Labor Economics: General
Abstract
This paper provides a theoretical and empirical survey on the link between employment and growth in sub-Saharan Africa countries. Trough this study we shed the light on the majors works that have been done on the subject concerning sub-Saharan Africa and emphasize some stylized facts that could lead to a new path of research. Three main conclusions emerge from this study. First the employment issue in sub-Saharan Africa is mostly a matter of quality than quantity. Secondly the reason of weak employment performances could not be found in labor market rigidities. Third the observed increase of working poor could be explained by the weakness of growth and downward labor demand.
2008-09-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10474/1/MPRA_paper_10474.pdf
Yogo, Urbain Thierry (2008): Croissance et Emploi en Afrique Subsaharienne:Evidence théorique et Faits Empiriques.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11410
2019-09-29T23:16:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3433
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11410/
How Do Firing Costs Affect Innovation and Growth when Workers' Ability is Unknown? – Employment Protection as a Burden on a Firm's Screening Process
Berdugo, Binyamin
Hadad, Sharon
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
O43 - Institutions and Growth
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This paper analyzes the implication of employment protection legislation on a firm's screening process. We present a model in which human-capital-intensive firms (high-tech) with imperfect information about their workers' type attempt during a trial period to identify those incompetent workers who they will subsequently dismiss. Employment protection measures, however, place a burden on this screening process and thereby motivate innovators to embark on medium-tech projects which are more flexible in their human capital requirements. Employment protection legislation thereby distorts the pattern of specialization in favor of medium-tech firms rather than high-tech firms and consequently slows down the process of economic growth. The results of the paper are consistent with documented data on Europe versus US productivity growth and specialization patterns as well as with employment protection legislation in those economies.
2008-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11410/1/MPRA_paper_11410.pdf
Berdugo, Binyamin and Hadad, Sharon (2008): How Do Firing Costs Affect Innovation and Growth when Workers' Ability is Unknown? – Employment Protection as a Burden on a Firm's Screening Process.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12314
2019-09-27T16:50:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3830
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3635
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12314/
Labour Market Flexibility: the Case of Visegrad Countries
Tvrdon, Michal
F15 - Economic Integration
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J80 - General
J65 - Unemployment Insurance ; Severance Pay ; Plant Closings
J30 - General
The presented article deals with labour market institutions and labour market flexibility in the Visegrád countries. We can find out in theoretical literature a traditional set of institutional aspects such as employment protection legislation, structure of wage bargaining, taxation of labour, active labour market policies, the system of unemployment and social benefits. All these aspects determine the institutional framework of the labour market. Theoretical literature also has defined labour market flexibility as an instrument for adjustment process in case of asymmetric shock. The article is composed of the comparative analysis of selected criteria and corresponding economic indicators of the EU member states (EU-15 and V-4). The evidence shows that the values of labour market flexibility in the Visegrád group countries were higher than average of old EU-15 member states.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12314/2/MPRA_paper_12314.pdf
Tvrdon, Michal (2007): Labour Market Flexibility: the Case of Visegrad Countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14270
2019-09-26T08:31:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483732
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483631
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14270/
Political Cycles in Active Labor Market Policies
Mechtel, Mario
Potrafke, Niklas
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
E62 - Fiscal Policy
H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
H61 - Budget ; Budget Systems
P16 - Political Economy
This paper examines a framework in which politicians can decrease unemployment via active labor market policies (ALMP). We combine theoretical models on partisan and opportunistic cycles and assume that voters are ignorant of the necessary facts to make informed voting decisions. The model predicts that politicians have incentives for a strategic use of active labor market policies that leads to a political cycle in unemployment and budget deficit.
We test the hypotheses predicted by the theoretical model using data from German states from 1985:1 to 2004:11. The results illustrate that opportunistic behavior of politicians can explain the development of ALMP approximated by job-creation schemes.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14270/1/MPRA_paper_14270.pdf
Mechtel, Mario and Potrafke, Niklas (2009): Political Cycles in Active Labor Market Policies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14284
2019-09-28T02:17:13Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503237
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14284/
Employment in Poland 2007: Security on flexible labour market
Bukowski, Maciej
Lewandowski, Piotr
Koloch, Grzegorz
Baranowska, Anna
Magda, Iga
Szydlowski, Arkadiusz
Bober, Magda
Bieliński, Jacek
Zawistowski, Julian
Sarzalska, Malgorzata
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
P27 - Performance and Prospects
J23 - Labor Demand
This Report is a third in the series Employment in Poland. It consists of four Parts, devoted to empirical analysis of the impact of macroeconomic shocks on EU New Member States labour markets‘ in 1996-2006; utilization of flexible forms of employment on Polish labor market, determinants of wages and wage inequalities in Poland; effectiveness of ALMP in Poland, respectively.
In Part I, we present how the cyclical upturn propagated on Polish labour market in 2003-2007 and how the performance of that market evolved relatively to other EU countries. Then we apply a panel SVECM to study propagation of macroeconomic shocks in eight CEE countries which joined the EU in 2004. We show that demand side shocks (foreign demand and labour demand shocks) were of foremost importance to unemployment and employment fluctuations in the region. At the same time, we argue that the wage shocks, thought of as wage rigidities, were important internal disturbances affecting the developments on the labour markets in the region.
Part II is devoted to atypical forms of labour employment. We show that in all CEE countries the incidence of nonstandard employment arrangements is much lower than in Western Europe. Although Poland stands out in the whole EU with its dynamic spread of temporary employment and integration of temporary work agencies in the functioning of the labour market, in general the potential of atypical employment in Poland and other CEE is largely unfulfilled when it comes to work- life balance or supporting the economic activity of people who find it difficult to work full-time due to age or health reasons. In case of Poland, we study in more detailed way the legal, infrastructural and tax-related factors affecting the utilisation of nonstandard forms of employment.
In Part III, we study wage developments in Poland from macro- and micro-perspective alike. We argue that wage growth in Poland exhibited a significant inertia during the transition period. We find that the concurrent rise of wage inequalities in Poland was due to the fact that rapid technological progress favoured some professional and social groups more than others. The increasing return on formal education and rising premiums on work in managerial positions as well as increasingly diverse individual and market characteristics of Polish workers seem to play the key role. The public sector stands out with higher wage compression than private sector. We show also that, in international comparison, the gender wage gap in Poland is relatively small. Notwithstanding the above, even if differences in individual and employer characteristics as well as working time are taken into consideration, women still earn about ten percent less than men.
Part IV focuses active labour market policies (ALMP). We assess the ALMP spending and structure in Poland and we use the survey, conducted for the purposes of this Report, to study to effectiveness of ALMP. To our knowledge, it is the first attempt at producing a rigorous and comprehensive evaluation of ALMP effectiveness in Poland in the recent years. Applying Propensity Score Matching, we find that intervention and public works turn out to be completely inefficient when it comes to enhancing employment chances of the unemployed. At the same time, even for those programs that are characterised by positive net efficiency, such as internships and traineeships, the deadweight loss is also high, i.e. support is extended to groups whose situation is relatively good, whereas more difficult cases are neglected. Thus, the placement of ALMP participants in Poland is sub-optimal, which partly reflects very poor job broking and counseling done by PES.
We complete the report with policy implications.
2008-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14284/1/MPRA_paper_14284.pdf
Bukowski, Maciej and Lewandowski, Piotr and Koloch, Grzegorz and Baranowska, Anna and Magda, Iga and Szydlowski, Arkadiusz and Bober, Magda and Bieliński, Jacek and Zawistowski, Julian and Sarzalska, Malgorzata (2008): Employment in Poland 2007: Security on flexible labour market. Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14481
2019-09-26T14:53:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443435
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14481/
Pre-reform Conditions, Intermediate Inputs and Distortions: Solving the Indian Growth Puzzle
Gupta, Abhay
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
D45 - Rationing ; Licensing
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
B41 - Economic Methodology
This paper answers the puzzling questions that why under the similar
set of economic conditions service sector in India grew while manufacturing
could not and how economic reforms in 1990s accelerated the
productivity growth. The paper provides a very innovative and convincing
explanation. Two subtle but important distortion-inefficiency
mechanisms, which work through distorting the intermediate input
allocation, are identified in the paper. Interaction of policies of quantitative
restrictions and inflexible labor laws resulted in lower than
optimal materials per worker usage.Combination of high inflation and
unavailability of credit exacerbated this factor distortion and lowered
the productivity growth further.
Using panel data on Indian industries, I find underutilization of
materials compared to labor until recently. This sub-optimal materials
per worker usage lowers productivity growth. Productivity estimates
are negatively related to labor growth and positively related to
materials growth. Real wages and labor productivity are negatively
related to materials inflation and this relationship breaks down after
the capital market reforms in 1990s. Since these mechanisms work
through intermediate inputs, service sector productivity is not affected
as adversely. Estimates show that after 1990s firms have started oversubstituting
materials and capital relative to labor, which can explain
the jobless growth in Indian manufacturing.
2009-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14481/1/MPRA_paper_14481.pdf
Gupta, Abhay (2009): Pre-reform Conditions, Intermediate Inputs and Distortions: Solving the Indian Growth Puzzle.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14482
2019-09-26T18:07:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443435
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14482/
Looking beyond the methods: Productivity Estimates and Growth Trends in Indian Manufacturing
Gupta, Abhay
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
D45 - Rationing ; Licensing
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
B41 - Economic Methodology
Studies on Indian manufacturing have been unable to provide consistent
estimates of productivity and its growth rates. This paper
performs detailed and exhaustive set of accounting exercises for the
period 1970-2003 using production function, index number and envelopment
analysis methods. TFP growth rate average is 1.1% for
both gross output based and net value added based measures. In
gross output production, share of materials is 0.6, much larger than
the capital and labor shares. Share of capital is constantly increasing.
For the period just after the reforms (1991-1997), input growth jumps
but TFP growth is negative. But after 1998, the trend reverses and
output grows slowly despite negative input growth due to large TFP
growth. Aggregated TFP growth rates (Domar-weighted and Fisher
index) also follow the same pattern; showing upward trends after mid-
1990s. There are no significant differences in TFP growth rates among
different-sized firms. After the reforms, TFP growth increases substantially
in the public corporations. Productivity transition seems to
be random across different (3-digit NIC code) industries. Industries
with focus towards services experienced higher productivity growth
than others. These results show that the lack of productivity growth
was the reason for unimpressive performance of Indian manufacturing
earlier.
2009-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14482/1/MPRA_paper_14482.pdf
Gupta, Abhay (2009): Looking beyond the methods: Productivity Estimates and Growth Trends in Indian Manufacturing.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14490
2019-09-26T13:59:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14490/
Occupational Safety and English Language Proficiency
Marvasti, Akbar
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J0 - General
Recent occupational injury data shows a rising trend, which happens to coincide with both increases in the population of foreign born in the U.S. and with changes in its composition. This study aims at exploring the presence of a statistical relationship between occupational injuries and the level of English proficiency of foreign born using cross-sectional data on the rate of injury and count of injury incidents. A cultural gap hypothesis is also examined as an alternative explanation for the rise in work injuries. While there is some support for the adverse effect of inadequate English language proficiency of foreign born, the results for the cultural gap hypothesis are more robust.
2008-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14490/1/MPRA_paper_14490.pdf
Marvasti, Akbar (2008): Occupational Safety and English Language Proficiency.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15042
2019-09-29T20:41:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503237
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15042/
Active Labour Market Services Privided by NGOS - The Potential for Social Capital Building In Poland
Rogaczewska, Maria
Tyrowicz, Joanna
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
P27 - Performance and Prospects
P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
This paper bases on thirty case studies performed in Polish NGOs providing active labour market services to differentiated groups of beneficiaries. Paper describes behavioural patterns of Polish non-profits which substitute the public service in implementing active labour market policies, focused on high-risk groups of the unemployed. The described patterns emerge in an institutional
environment which is characterized by powerful bureaucracy, scarcity of social capital, high level of generalized distrust and an the very low level of support for civic initiatives on the side of public administration and its agencies, still strongly prejudiced against non-profits.
In such situation NGOs see their task beyond handing out public money – they are trying to engage into multiple cooperative games at grass-roots level, building networks of fragmented groups of charities, independent experts and self-help initiatives. Forging such spontaneous alliances help to build bonds among different social groups (which rises the level of bridging social capital) and strongly supports the unemployed beneficiaries themselves, giving them access to new social networks.
On the other side, the strategy in which public employment services and local authorities are (self)excluded ends up with the impossibility to develop a long-term employment policy both on local and central level. Thus the only win-win strategy is the one in which the public – non-profit
cooperation is enhanced through the effort of self-limiting on both sides. We support the thesis that engaging public agencies into cooperative games with NGOs and subsequent empowering of nonprofits should lead towards remodelling of the whole labour market policy in Poland and improve
the quality of employment services.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15042/1/MPRA_paper_15042.pdf
Rogaczewska, Maria and Tyrowicz, Joanna (2007): Active Labour Market Services Privided by NGOS - The Potential for Social Capital Building In Poland.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15230
2019-10-09T02:22:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15230/
Moral Hazard Problem for Rural Labour Households under JFMP: A Study from Forest Dependent Groups in West Bengal
Das, Nimai
Sarker, Debnarayan
Q23 - Forestry
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
This study seeks to explore policy framework on the impact of moral hazard problem in the JFMP in which government, the owner of forest resource, can not legally monitor actions of JFM households, the agent of the programme, who illegally extract timber forest products. Despite much decrease of illegal collection of TFPs after JFM by the JFM households, some poor JFM households have higher incidence in the illegal extraction of TFPs to meet up their minimum subsistence in which law or force can not effectively control the same which might create more adverse effect on the sustainability of forest resource.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15230/1/MPRA_paper_15230.pdf
Das, Nimai and Sarker, Debnarayan (2008): Moral Hazard Problem for Rural Labour Households under JFMP: A Study from Forest Dependent Groups in West Bengal.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15294
2019-09-26T12:35:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15294/
Desempleo, pobreza y estrategias de protección social: Perú 1998-2005
Yamada, Gustavo
Montero, Ricardo
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
D60 - General
J30 - General
This paper uses information from a panel based on Peruvian National Household Surveys between 1998 and 2005 to quantitatively estimate the impacts that the loss of a job from a household member has. We find the following effects in the short run: a) reduces family income by 27%, b) reduces household’s real expenditures by 7%, c) diminishes the digested calories by 13%, and d) increases the probability of poverty by 44%. According to our results, the most effective strategy to mitigate these negative impacts on welfare would be an increase in the number of hours worked at the family level. Internal family transfers, receiving remittances from relatives abroad, and access to state social programs would be less effective. Finally, the benefit of the compensation for length of service (CTS) in the previous job would have no impact on halting the loss of welfare.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15294/1/MPRA_paper_15294.pdf
Yamada, Gustavo and Montero, Ricardo (2008): Desempleo, pobreza y estrategias de protección social: Perú 1998-2005.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15615
2019-09-27T06:24:33Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463233
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3535
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15615/
Dispelling Some Myths About Offshoring
Harrison, Ann E.
McMillan, Margaret S.
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business
M55 - Labor Contracting Devices
Critics of globalization claim that firms are being driven to shift employment abroad by the prospects of
cheaper labor. Yet the evidence for this, beyond anecdotes, is slim. In this article, we review evidence on
whether firms that do business in foreign countries are substituting foreign for domestic labor. We review
the results of previous studies and present new firm-level evidence showing that, in fact, increases in
employment in low-income countries do hurt employment at home. The premise that foreign expansion of
U.S. multinationals encourages employment at home is a myth, but the domestic employment costs of
offshoring are probably fairly small in magnitude.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15615/1/MPRA_paper_15615.pdf
Harrison, Ann E. and McMillan, Margaret S. (2006): Dispelling Some Myths About Offshoring. Published in: Academy of Management Perspectives , Vol. 20, No. 4 (November 2006): pp. 6-22.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15796
2019-10-05T05:43:18Z
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3435
7375626A656374733D49:4932
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15796/
On Teachers Quality Decline
Amodio, Francesco
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
I2 - Education and Research Institutions
J0 - General
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
Evidence suggests the average ability of teachers to have progressively declined in developed countries over the last decades. Many explanations have been proposed, all suggesting the idea of a lower attractiveness of teaching professions (both in monetary and non monetary terms) with respect to feasible alternative working opportunities. This should apply to women at least, because of the great expansion of job opportunities which interested female cohorts in the second half of the century. However, the long lasting problem of getting credible ability measures has often driven partial results.
Here two UK population samples of individuals born in different years are considered. Individuals were exposed to ability tests at early stages of their life, so that subsequent education paths are exogenous to test scores. Transformation in percentiles allows to get comparable measures of ability, and distributions for those who undertook the teaching career are obtained in the two samples. Consistently with previous literature, using difference-in-difference, we find evidence of teachers quality decline. A gender based analysis is performed in order to address gender differences and specific questions. Data on salaries, ditributions across jobs and social mobility are finally used in order to find possible explanations. Further questions arise.
2009-06-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15796/1/MPRA_paper_15796.pdf
Amodio, Francesco (2009): On Teachers Quality Decline.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16055
2019-09-26T14:31:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16055/
Temporary employment and wage gap with permanent jobs: evidence from quantile regression
Bosio, Giulio
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J42 - Monopsony ; Segmented Labor Markets
Previous research on wage penalty for temporary workers has focused on the conditional mean model. This paper uses micro data from the 2006 wave of the Survey of Italian Households’ Income and Wealth (SHIW) to examine the wage gap between temporary and permanent workers across the whole wage distribution. I apply a quantile regression models to understand whether there are glass ceiling or sticky floor for fixed-term workers and to test the hypothesis of polarization of wage profile by contract status.
I also exploit a counterfactual decomposition analysis to investigate whether the gap is attributed to differences in characteristics or to differences in coefficients effect.
A possible source of misspecification may arise, the endogenous selection in temporary status. In order to address the selectivity bias, I adopt an IV specification and a variant of the traditional Heckman (1978) dummy endogenous variable for the quantile framework.
The main finding is a sticky floor effect, in the sense that the wage penalty for temporary workers is wider at the bottom of earnings distribution and in particular the decomposition method shows how the coefficients effect is decreasing in the upper half of wage profile. The analysis by educational level and by sector confirms the sticky floor effect. Finally correcting for endogenous self-selection in temporary contract slightly modifies the magnitude of wage gap, without changing the main patterns evidenced in the standard quantile regression.
2009-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16055/1/MPRA_paper_16055.pdf
Bosio, Giulio (2009): Temporary employment and wage gap with permanent jobs: evidence from quantile regression.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16440
2019-10-01T06:23:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16440/
Labour Market Racial Discrimination in South Africa Revisited
Maciej, Szelewicki
Tyrowicz, Joanna
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J71 - Discrimination
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
Discrimination is a significant issue in labour market economics across developed as well as developing countries. In this paper we inquire the actual size of wage discrimination in the Republic of Soutn Africa, accounting for large differences in individual endowments. We apply the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition as well as propensity score matching to adequately determine the role of discrimination in the wage gaps observed. Although the size of the absolute racial wage gap is enormous, amounting for more than 500%, the actual estimated effect non-attributable to other factors ranges between 45%-55%. This estimator, however, assumes homogenous discrimination across the wage distribution, while data suggest that there are significant educational, sectoral and occupational differentials. To account for these effects, we implement propensity score matching by finding “statistical twins” of the White population among the Black population, thus we demonstrate how wages differ between these groups in comparable labour market situations. Here too we find that wages for the White are on average approximately 30%, while the effects vary at quartiles of the wage distribution.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16440/1/MPRA_paper_16440.pdf
Maciej, Szelewicki and Tyrowicz, Joanna (2009): Labour Market Racial Discrimination in South Africa Revisited.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17093
2019-09-28T07:40:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17093/
Market Power and Efficiency in a Search Model
Galenianos, Manolis
Kircher, Philipp
Virag, Gabor
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
We build a theoretical model to study the welfare effects and resulting policy implications
of firms’ market power in a frictional labor market. Our environment has
two main characteristics: wages play a role in allocating labor across firms and there
is a finite number of agents. We find that the decentralized equilibrium is inefficient
and that the firms’ market power results in the misallocation of workers from the high to
the low-productivity firms. A minimum wage forces the low-productivity firms to
increase their wage, leading them to hire even more often thereby exacerbating the
inefficiencies. Moderate unemployment benefits can increase welfare because they limit
firms’ market power by improving the workers’ outside option.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17093/1/MPRA_paper_17093.pdf
Galenianos, Manolis and Kircher, Philipp and Virag, Gabor (2009): Market Power and Efficiency in a Search Model.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17470
2019-09-27T10:56:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17470/
Can Denmark’s Flexicurity System Be Replicated In Developing Countries? The Case Of Turkey
Gundogan, Naci
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J01 - Labor Economics: General
Finding a new balance between flexibility and security is a big challenge for all. According to the European Council “Providing the right balance between flexibility and security will support the competitiveness of firms, increase quality and productivity at work and help firms and workers to adapt to economic change”.
Denmark provides an interesting combination of high labor market dynamism and relatively high social protection –the so-called flexicurity approach. The Danish model of flexicurity points to a third way between the flexibility often attributed to deregulated Anglo-Saxon countries and strict job protection characterising Southern European countries.
In this paper, the Danish case of flexicurity will be analyzed and the answers of these questions will be searched: Can a new balance between flexibility and security solve labor market problems of developing world? Can Denmark’s flexicurity system be replicated in developing countries? Can a new flexicurity system be improved for developing countries?
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17470/1/MPRA_paper_17470.pdf
Gundogan, Naci (2009): Can Denmark’s Flexicurity System Be Replicated In Developing Countries? The Case Of Turkey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18298
2019-10-04T08:40:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3832
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18298/
Skill Shortage versus Subject Choice, Case of Pakistan
Atiq, Atiq-ur-Rehman
Anis, Hafsa
Khan, Saud Ahmed
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J82 - Labor Force Composition
Higher Education is believed to be a very important determinant of economic growth. The growth can be optimized with a suitable combination of skills in various subjects. A mismatch between required combination of skills and available combination of skills carries heavy costs for developing economies since import of skill from foreign is much more in expensive for such economies. We compare skill shortage in Pakistan with the subjects choice of students recently enrolled in institutes of higher learning. We found that there is a mismatch between skill shortage and the enrollment trend. We propose that the Government should regulate recruitment of students into various subjects in order to create greater harmony between national needs and students enrollment.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18298/1/MPRA_paper_18298.pdf
Atiq, Atiq-ur-Rehman and Anis, Hafsa and Khan, Saud Ahmed (2009): Skill Shortage versus Subject Choice, Case of Pakistan.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18889
2019-09-26T09:25:35Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483730
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18889/
Municipalità, lavoro, sviluppo: il contributo dell'Amministrazione comunale di Muggiò per favorire la mobilità e l'occupazione
Suppa, Alberto
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
H70 - General
J60 - General
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J68 - Public Policy
A14 - Sociology of Economics
The paper put his attention on the active economic role of a local institution of Northern Italy against the unemployment and the economic crisis during the 2008. The experience shows the importance of cooperation beetween the municipal Administration, the local unions and the most important enterprises of the place. These relationships make possible the creation of opportunities for workers, enterprises, families, in order to fight unemployment enforcing the local social welfare.
2009-05-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18889/1/MPRA_paper_18889.pdf
Suppa, Alberto (2009): Municipalità, lavoro, sviluppo: il contributo dell'Amministrazione comunale di Muggiò per favorire la mobilità e l'occupazione. Published in: Sviluppo Brianza - I libri della Brianza , Vol. 8, (November 2009): pp. 56-70.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18901
2019-09-26T11:40:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18901/
Labour market transition in Italy: an empirical investigation
Bosio, Giulio
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
In this paper I study the effects of the introduction of Treu package on the hazard rate of moving from a temporary job to a stable work in Italy. In order to enhance the flexibility of labour market and to stress the capabilities to create job, a progressive liberalization of flexible contracts has been adopted in Italy during the ‘90s, widening their scope and easing their adoption. The empirical exercise is carried out using an administrative dataset, Clap, extracted by the social security archives for the years 1992-2002. I apply a parametric and semi-parametric continuous time duration model to investigate whether the recent reform has changed the pattern of duration dependence in temporary employment duration. The main findings emphasize how the Treu package has substantially reduced the positive duration dependence in the hazard rate of moving from temporary to permanent employment. This result is robust to different specifications adopted for the baseline hazard. However, an even stronger conclusion concerns the temporary work agency (TWA) employment which exhibits a negative duration dependence in the post-reform period, probably indicating a negative relation between contract duration and the probability to moving into permanent employment for this contractual type. Finally I find large differences in terms of individual and job-related characteristics.
2008-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18901/1/MPRA_paper_18901.pdf
Bosio, Giulio (2008): Labour market transition in Italy: an empirical investigation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20999
2019-09-27T08:55:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3338
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3635
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473238
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3333
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443033
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433031
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D45:4530:453031
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453237
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3532
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3531
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20999/
Die Arbeitslosenversicherung in Deutschland – Beitrag zur Bekämpfung oder Ursache von Arbeitslosigkeit
Breiding, Torsten
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
J38 - Public Policy
J65 - Unemployment Insurance ; Severance Pay ; Plant Closings
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
J30 - General
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J00 - General
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
J68 - Public Policy
J33 - Compensation Packages ; Payment Methods
J0 - General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
D03 - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles
C13 - Estimation: General
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
C01 - Econometrics
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth ; Environmental Accounts
E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
H31 - Household
J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation ; Collective Bargaining
J01 - Labor Economics: General
I21 - Analysis of Education
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
Abstract German (English abstract is added below)
Arbeitslosigkeit gilt als eines der schwerwiegendsten gesellschaftlichen Probleme unserer Zeit. Doch welche Gründe liegen, trotz der über die Jahre eingeleiteten Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der Arbeitslosigkeit, für die anhaltende Beschäftigungskrise vor? Und in welchem Umfang hat das deutsche Sozial- und Wohlfahrtssystem zu der anhaltenden Misere beigetragen?
Insbesondere der Arbeitslosenversicherung wird vorgeworfen, einer der Hauptverursacher der Probleme auf dem Arbeitsmarkt zu sein. Um Deutschland wettbewerbsfähig zu halten, versuchen die politischen Gruppierungen durch Reformen das Land im globalen Umfeld zu positionieren und so optimale Lebens- wie Investitionsbedingungen zu schaffen. Doch wie effizient sind diese Reformen und wie wirken sie auf den Arbeitsmarkt? Welche Rolle spielen dabei die Reformen der Arbeitslosenversicherung und wie wirken sich diese aus?
Dass eine Arbeitslosenversicherung in einem Wirtschaftssystem wünschenswert und auch notwendig ist, lässt sich mit dem Argument der sozialen Sicherheit begründen. Allerdings muss die Aufgabe einer Arbeitslosenversicherung die soziale Absicherung im Falle einer möglichen, temporären Arbeitslosigkeit sein. Der Betroffene ist für die Dauer der Suche nach einer neuen Arbeit, die bestmöglich der Qualifikation des Einzelnen entspricht, finanziell abgesichert. Ein Absinken unter die Armutsgrenze wird verhindert. Die Steuerung des Arbeitsangebotsverhaltens des Einzelnen ist jedoch ein Nebeneffekt der Arbeitslosenversicherung, den es zu untersuchen gilt. Das die Arbeitslosenversicherung Einfluss auf das Arbeitsangebotsverhalten der Arbeitnehmer hat und welche weiteren Effekte aus der im Sozialsystem eingebetteten Arbeitslosenversicherung entstehen, soll diese Arbeit zeigen.
Zur Strukturierung der genannten Fragen nimmt diese Arbeit eine Dreiteilung vor. Analysen der wirtschaftlichen Situation Deutschlands und die Identifikation von Problemgruppen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt sollen die Wirkungen der Arbeitslosenversicherung kausal darstellen. Konjunkturbedingte Veränderungen von Arbeitslosenzahlen sollen weitestgehend als exogene Größe betrachtet werden und nicht in die Bewertung der Arbeitslosenversicherung einfließen. Durch die Parallelität der Ereignisse lassen sich die tatsächlichen Auswirkungen arbeitsmarktpolitischer Maßnahmen jedoch oft schwer selektieren. Um Effekte zuordnen zu können, wird ein historischer Abriss der Entwicklung des Systems der Arbeitslosenversicherung gegeben. Ein internationaler Vergleich dient der Standortbestimmung des deutschen Systems.
Der zweite Teil der Arbeit befasst sich mit den Einflüssen der Arbeitslosenversicherung in verschiedenen Modellansätzen. Durch die Betrachtung der prognostizierten Effekte wird ein Abgleich der Theorie mit der Praxis erfolgen. Sowohl die Anreizwirkungen auf individueller Ebene im Arbeitsangebots- und Suchverhalten werden modelltheoretisch aufgezeigt, als auch der Einfluss auf das Kalkül im optimalen Verhalten von Gruppen und Kollektiven. Der Abgleich der Modelle mit der Empirie zeigt verschiedene Anreizverzerrungen der Arbeitslosenversicherung. Auffallend ist, dass insbesondere die Bezugsdauer der Unterstützung Einfluss auf den Zugang in, den Abgang aus und die daraus resultierende Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit hat. Die vom Alt-Bundeskanzler Gerhard Schröder einstmals angestoßene Diskussion um die Mitnahme-Mentalität der Deutschen findet im Sozialsystem Argumente und Fundierung.
Die Implikationen der Hartz-Reformen sind vielfältig. Die positiven Aspekte werden im dritten Teil aufgezeigt und mögliche Verbesserungen vorgeschlagen. Trotz der Forderung nach mehr Eigenverantwortung der Transfer-Bezieher und weitreichenden Änderungen zur Verschlankung des administrativen Aufwandes ist der Erfolg des Hartz-Konzeptes zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt noch nicht bewertbar. Besonders kritisch sind die Lohnabstände bei Geringverdienern, wodurch zielgerichtete Nachbesserungen zur Bekämpfung der Arbeitslosigkeit notwendig scheinen. Dazu werden Vorschläge zu Reformen der Arbeitslosenversicherung diskutiert. Ziel der Reformen sollte eine zeitgemäße Anpassung der Arbeitslosenversicherung an gesamtwirtschaftliche Entwicklungen sein.
This work analyzes the effects of the German unemployment insurance system on the unemployment rate and the individual job-seeking behavior. The duration of the unemployment benefits affects the time spend in unemployment. Another effect is the span between available jobs and the level of the payments. At the same time, a longer duration of unemployment benefits protects the individual of social catastrophies and provied the job seeker with adequate time to find the job that fits best. The GDP can be higher in a society with social security systems compared to other economies by providing each individual the perfect job. Finally, each individual has a higher productivity by a better usage of skills.
facts:
- the history of the German unemployment system
- the effects of the economical cycle on the unemployment rate
- a comparison of the German unemployment system compared to other countries
- the effects of the span between the high level of unemployment benefit payments compared to the wage earned in available jobs
- labour supply and matching
- a theoretical approach to analyze the effects of the German unemployment insurance
- the reality in Germany compared to the theory
- an evaluation of the German system
- reform proposition
2006-09-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20999/1/MPRA_paper_20999.pdf
Breiding, Torsten (2006): Die Arbeitslosenversicherung in Deutschland – Beitrag zur Bekämpfung oder Ursache von Arbeitslosigkeit.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22108
2019-09-29T19:01:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22108/
Reinserción laboral adecuada: dificultades e implicancias de política
Yamada, Gustavo
Cárdenas, María
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J01 - Labor Economics: General
D60 - General
Going through unemployment or forced inactivity may be a shocking experience for any worker. However, negative consequences might not end with the finding of a new job. This paper shows that a new job implies, in most cases, lower real wages and fewer fringe benefits with respect to the previous job in Peru. The average earnings penalty ranges between 9 and 20 per cent in real terms, and female workers are most affected. Losses in fringe benefits might be even more harmful. Moreover, this paper finds that none of the Peruvian public mechanisms of social protection effectively helps to achieve a better labour reinsertion.
2009-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22108/1/MPRA_paper_22108.pdf
Yamada, Gustavo and Cárdenas, María (2009): Reinserción laboral adecuada: dificultades e implicancias de política.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22120
2019-09-27T00:02:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22120/
The global crisis and the Peruvian labor market: impact and policy options
Moron, Eduardo
Castro, Juan F.
Villacorta, Lucciano
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
After almost 20 years of prudent macro policies, Peru seems in better shape than before to withstand the effects of a financial crisis. Progress, however, has left some policy areas unscathed and the labor market is one of them. In this paper we analyze the potential effects of the crisis on labor market outcomes, and discuss policy options to address short run and structural considerations. We review stylized facts from this and previous crisis to account for
potential transmission mechanisms, review policy options and results from past and existing labor market interventions, and build a DSGE model to provide further insight regarding labor market outcomes and the effects of transitory and permanent policy measures. On the countercyclical front, our analysis reveals that the main risk that the policymaker should aim to mitigate is a surge in informality and underemployment. For this, job protection alternatives (as temporary payroll tax holidays already implemented) have to be accompanied by a strengthened and better focalized reemployment service, especially if the shock transpires into the nontradable
sector. On the more structural side, policy should aim at the prime drivers of informality in our country: low productivity and high formal labor costs. For the latter,
progressive access to labor benefits for small firms (already introduced via a special labor regime) could be complemented by introducing different minimum wage levels according to firm size and a generalized reduction in firing costs. Low productivity issues, on the other hand,
can be addressed by strengthening and integrating existing training programs and information networks which have already proven successful in terms of formal job creation. Simulations reveal that permanent non-wage cost reductions (like those introduced via the special labor regime) can increase formal employment and formal GDP participation by 2 percentage points. Structural policy interventions also exhibit a large countercyclical potential due to their
permanent nature. This implies that we should not wait for the crisis to be over to start their implementation.
2009-10-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22120/1/MPRA_paper_22120.pdf
Moron, Eduardo and Castro, Juan F. and Villacorta, Lucciano (2009): The global crisis and the Peruvian labor market: impact and policy options.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22152
2019-09-27T16:34:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22152/
The Effects of Immigration Policies and Labor Market Structures on the Income of Immigrants to the More Developed Countries of Europe and North America
Wanner, R.A
Dronkers, J.
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
The average household income of first generation immigrants in Europe and North-America is lower than that of natives, and this difference can not be explained by their amount of human capital (education, age, gender, residence). This is above all true for immigrants, coming from the second- or third world, who have also a lower return of their education. These arrears in income of immigrants vary between countries of destination, also after control for the individual characteristics of immigrants and natives. Only one characteristic of immigration policy has a significant effect on the variance of income arrears of immigrants across the countries of destination: the inflow ratio of asylum seekers. The higher this inflow ratio of asylum seekers in a country of destination, the larger the income differences between comparable immigrants and natives in that country of destination. Also only one characteristic of the labour market for foreigners has a significant effect on income arrears of immigrants in various countries of destination and from different countries of origin. A larger labour market participation by foreigners increases their income arrear with comparable natives, but this larger labour market participation by decreases that income arrear of the higher educated immigrant and does that extra for the higher educated immigrant from the second and third world.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22152/1/MPRA_paper_22152.pdf
Wanner, R.A and Dronkers, J. (2005): The Effects of Immigration Policies and Labor Market Structures on the Income of Immigrants to the More Developed Countries of Europe and North America.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22209
2019-09-26T19:47:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3238
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A30
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22209/
Job satisfaction in the Republic of Macedonia: The role of gender and education
Zeqiri, Izet
Aziri, Brikend
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J28 - Safety ; Job Satisfaction ; Related Public Policy
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J00 - General
J0 - General
J23 - Labor Demand
Recently there has been an increase on interest in the analysis of job satisfaction variables. Job satisfaction is correlated with certain types of employee behavior such as productivity, quits and absenteeism. In this paper four different measures of job satisfaction are related to two personal characteristics. The data used are from a survey conducted with 3.000 employees from different types of companies from the Republic of Macedonia. Four measures of job satisfaction that have been used are considered: satisfaction with amount of pay, satisfaction with possibilities for advancement, satisfaction with relations with supervisors and satisfaction with relations with coworkers. Also the connection of gender and level of education with job satisfaction are considered.
2010-04-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22209/1/MPRA_paper_22209.pdf
Zeqiri, Izet and Aziri, Brikend (2010): Job satisfaction in the Republic of Macedonia: The role of gender and education.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22304
2019-09-27T09:53:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D46:4635
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22304/
الاستثمارات العربية البينية كآلية للتشغيل فى الدول العربية
Alasrag, Hussien
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy
Job creation at the top of the development challenges of the Arab countries as a whole. These countries have the highest rates of unemployment at the global level. Boosting employment and reducing unemployment is the ultimate aim of all Arab developmental efforts . This problem affects country without exception. The unemployment rate exceeds 14 percent, the highest rates of unemployment among young people. This paper aims to study the inter-Arab investments and as a mechanism for job creation in the Arab countries. This is done by identifying the development of inter-Arab investments. in addition to the relevance and the most important challenges facing development of the Inter-Arab investments. Finally. The paper attempts to propose a number of policy recommendations to activate this important sector and increase its role in job creation in the Arab countries.
2010-04-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22304/1/MPRA_paper_22304.pdf
Alasrag, Hussien (2010): الاستثمارات العربية البينية كآلية للتشغيل فى الدول العربية.
ar
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22780
2019-09-26T08:31:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483732
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483631
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22780/
Political Cycles in Active Labor Market Policies
Mechtel, Mario
Potrafke, Niklas
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
E62 - Fiscal Policy
H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
H61 - Budget ; Budget Systems
P16 - Political Economy
This paper examines how electoral motives and government ideology influence active labor market policies (ALMP). We present a model that explains how politicians strategically use ALMP to generate political cycles in unemployment and the budget deficit. Election-motivated politicians increase ALMP spending before elections irrespective of their party ideology. Leftwing politicians spend more on ALMP than rightwing politicians. We test the hypotheses derived from our model using German state data from 1985:1 to 2004:11. The results suggest that ALMP (job-creation schemes) were pushed before elections.
2009-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22780/4/MPRA_paper_22780.pdf
Mechtel, Mario and Potrafke, Niklas (2009): Political Cycles in Active Labor Market Policies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24824
2019-09-26T14:40:40Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3235
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24824/
Tanzania: Pilot Rural Investment Climate Assessment. Stimulating Nonfarm Microenterprise Growth
Loening, Josef
Lane, William Leeds
L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
O55 - Africa
Tanzania’s Pilot Rural Investment Climate Assessment (RICA) measures the economic environment of non-farm entrepreneurs. The pilot assessment has three key objectives: it aims to better understand the rural non-farm economy in Tanzania, shed light on rural enterprise dynamics and business constraints, and reflect on areas where government policies are readily directed to help promote rural non-farm enterprise activity. The RICA is based on an analysis of a unique survey data set collected by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) during January and March 2005, covering enterprises, households, and communities in all seven geographical zones of the country.
Selected findings are: (i) Non-farm activities are an important source of income for approximately 1.4 million rural households, (ii) Tanzanian rural non-farm enterprises differ from their urban counterparts, (iii) the predominant entrepreneurial activity is trading, (iv) labor productivity is typically low, (v) formal enterprises have higher levels of labor productivity than informal, (vi) the rate of new firm creation appears to be lower than in other African countries, and (vii) only a minority of enterprises propels employment growth.
The pilot approach call for a careful evaluation of the following recommendations, which presented to stimulate dialogue and future analysis: (i) favorable policies and investments for agriculture play a big role for rural enterprises, (ii) maintaining favorable internal trade policies may therefore be of utmost importance in determining enterprise performance, (iii) microcredit and savings may offer a tool for promoting rural non-farm activity in buoyant rural markets, (iv) easing bottlenecks in rural infrastructure is important, (v) exploring options for better telecommunications via private sector cell phone nodes may be an attractive policy option to stimulate entrepreneurial activities, (vi) continuation of business registration reform and effective implementation at the local level remains a high priority, and (vii) future analysis should address knowledge gaps.
2007-06-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24824/1/MPRA_paper_24824.pdf
Loening, Josef and Lane, William Leeds (2007): Tanzania: Pilot Rural Investment Climate Assessment. Stimulating Nonfarm Microenterprise Growth. Published in: World Bank Economic Sector Work , Vol. 40108-, (27 June 2007)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24864
2019-09-29T21:21:32Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24864/
Labour market prospects and policies to soften the impact of the financial crisis
Carone, Giuseppe
Koopman, Gert Jan
Pichelmann, Karl
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
E61 - Policy Objectives ; Policy Designs and Consistency ; Policy Coordination
The global downturn is now strongly affecting EU labour markets. In light of the downward revision to the growth projections and the uncertainty created by the financial meltdown, the outlook for employment has deteriorated considerably. This would also be consistent with the experience from previous downturns, where the full labour market impact only materialised after 2-3 quarters. On current policies, the Commission projects employment growth to turn negative during the next two years, accompanied by a steep rise in unemployment, which would be around 11.5% in 2010 in the euro area.
However, labour market outcomes depend crucially on policy responses. The good news here is that our assessment shows that measures undertaken so far within the framework of the European Economic Recovery Plan are promising. The in-built capacities of the social safety nets are fully playing their role and a number of new innovative policies are also keeping people in employment. However, given the spillovers that many of these policies create on other Member States labour market measures could be more effective if co-ordination at the European level was strengthened. A stronger more co-ordinated response would also help to soften the impact of much higher unemployment levels on Europe's potential rate of growth in the future.
2009-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24864/1/MPRA_paper_24864.pdf
Carone, Giuseppe and Koopman, Gert Jan and Pichelmann, Karl (2009): Labour market prospects and policies to soften the impact of the financial crisis. Published in: ECONOMIC BRIEF ECFIN , Vol. 1, No. 1 (May 2009): pp. 1-7.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25524
2019-09-29T05:27:33Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443032
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433730
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25524/
Labour Market Reforms in the Context of Political Power Theory: The Case of Slovenia
Cok, Mitja
Domadenik, Polona
Redek, Tjasa
Verbic, Miroslav
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
C70 - General
The rigidity of labour market has several important negative economic consequences: it stifles job creation, increases discrimination of those it is actually aimed at protecting (young, women and low skilled), hurts the unemployed, slows down economic restructuring and damages its global competitiveness. But reforms are slow and often marked with disputes among partners in the collective bargaining process. Afraid of social security loss, unions usually oppose the reform, while governments usually give in to the union pressures and negative image of reform consequences created by unions and assisted by media. The characteristics of the labour market and labour market reform with respect to bargaining among power groups are examined both theoretically and empirically in the case of Slovenia.
2008-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25524/1/MPRA_paper_25524.pdf
Cok, Mitja and Domadenik, Polona and Redek, Tjasa and Verbic, Miroslav (2008): Labour Market Reforms in the Context of Political Power Theory: The Case of Slovenia. Published in: Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics , Vol. 27, No. 1 (2009): pp. 57-82.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25545
2019-09-26T10:49:51Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3538
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3838
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3539
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3830
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3531
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7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3533
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25545/
Sindicalismo: o fim do contra poder?
Sampaio, José João
Z10 - General
J58 - Public Policy
J88 - Public Policy
A10 - General
J59 - Other
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J80 - General
J60 - General
J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
J68 - Public Policy
A14 - Sociology of Economics
J53 - Labor-Management Relations ; Industrial Jurisprudence
J50 - General
Departing from a stable industrial relationship, supported by logic of economic massification and the correspondent legal framework, it is our objective to approach the new industrial relations environment, emerging from the modifications on the enterprise organisation models, towards the new challenges they are facing by the end of the 20th century, while unions have not been able to follow this evolution and maintain, in most of the cases, a tipical Wellfare State like behaviour. The paradigm of the enterprise as the labour conflict environment by excellence seems to be overshot and the moment has come to find new social understanding, based on a labour relationship more adequate to a changing society. In this paper, we deal with the factors we believe to be more significant for the understanding of new management concepts and of the subjacent labour relations, with particular emphasis to the new unionism opportunities.
2000
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25545/1/MPRA_paper_25545.pdf
Sampaio, José João (2000): Sindicalismo: o fim do contra poder? Published in: Organizacoes e Trabalho, Lisboa No. nº 23 (2000)
pt
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25894
2019-09-26T11:43:22Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3235
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25894/
Small Enterprise Growth and the Rural Investment Climate: Evidence from Tanzania
Kinda, Tidiane
Loening, Josef
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
O55 - Africa
This paper analyzes characteristics of nonfarm enterprises, their employment growth patterns, and constraints in doing business in rural Tanzania. Using unique survey data, the we describe a low-return sector struggling to compete in a challenging business environment. However, about one-third of rural enterprises are growing fast. Most enterprises engage in agricultural trade. Due to a rapidly growing agricultural sector in recent years, limiting demand-side constraints, rural enterprise constraints in Tanzania mainly operate from the supply side, suggesting that in particular access to finance, road infrastructure, and rural cell phone communication is associated with employment growth. A major finding is that subjective and objective measurements of business constraints are broadly comparable. We discuss a number of factors that would help to unleash the full potential of private sector-led growth in rural areas. Marginal improvements in the rural investment climate matter for growth.
2010-03-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25894/1/MPRA_paper_25894.pdf
Kinda, Tidiane and Loening, Josef (2010): Small Enterprise Growth and the Rural Investment Climate: Evidence from Tanzania. Published in: African Development Review , Vol. 1, No. 22 (8 March 2010): pp. 173-207.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26076
2019-09-27T01:12:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26076/
The Impact of Temporary Employment on Labour Productivity: Evidence from an Industry-Level Panel of EU Countries
Lisi, Domenico
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
In recent years the availability of new industry-level data allowed to evaluate the impact of labour market policies more consistently than previous standard cross-country studies. In this paper an industry-level panel is exploited to evaluate the impact of less stringent Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) for temporary employment (TE) in EU countries. A reduced form model is estimated to identify the overall effect on labour productivity growth. The advantage of using industry-level data is fourfold. First, as in standard cross-country studies, the cross-country variation of EPL is still exploited. Second, in contrast with the cross-country analysis, the specification allows us to control for unobserved fixed effects, potentially correlated with the level of EPL. Third, as the previous literature emphasised, the within-industry “composition effect” appears to be negligible, allowing us to identify the “independent effect” of TE. Fourth, to the extent that events in a single industry are not able alone to affect the policy in a country, the specification is less subject to the simultaneity problem between variable of interest and policy. The theoretical literature on TE has not established a clear prediction on the sign of the effect, existing different convincing reasons for both directions. Thus, the results of the analysis have potentially important policy implications. Our finding is that the introduction of temporary contracts has a negative, even if small in magnitude, effect on labour productivity growth.
2009-09-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26076/1/MPRA_paper_26076.pdf
Lisi, Domenico (2009): The Impact of Temporary Employment on Labour Productivity: Evidence from an Industry-Level Panel of EU Countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28536
2019-09-28T08:50:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28536/
Global production methods and women employment in garment units of Mumbai Metropolitan Region
Sanjay R, Sanjay
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J0 - General
Production in the garment unit is depending on technology, efficiency and skills of workers. If the labors are young and more educated then they adjust with flexible production methods. The garment export units are following global standard methods of production and they provide the various production related facilities to workers. In Mumbai metropolitan region, export related units are more competitive as compare to the domestic garment units. The monthly incomes of the women workers are higher in export units. The medical allowances, maternal benefits are also more in such units. The multinomial logit regression model shows that the age of the women workers is higher and statistically significant in domestic and both type of units. The women workers work over time in the both and domestic garment units. The women workers do not have technological knowledge in domestic garment units. The decent work facilities are not provided to the women workers in domestic and both type of units. Technical up-gradation, work facilities and on job training will improve employment of women in domestic garment units in Mumbai metropolitan region.
2010-12-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28536/1/MPRA_paper_28536.pdf
Sanjay R, Sanjay (2010): Global production methods and women employment in garment units of Mumbai Metropolitan Region.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28542
2019-09-27T06:11:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523132
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28542/
On regional unemployment: an empirical examination of the determinants of geographical differentials in the UK
Korobilis, Dimitris
Gilmartin, Michelle
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
This paper considers the determinants of regional disparities in unemployment rates for the UK regions at NUTS-II level. We use a mixture panel data model to describe unemployment differentials between heterogeneous groups of regions. The results indicate the existence of two clusters of regions in the UK economy, characterised by high and low unemployment rates respectively. A major source of heterogeneity seems to be caused by the varying (between the two clusters) effect of the share of employment in the services sector, and we trace its origin to the fact that the "high unemployment" cluster is characterised by a higher degree of urbanization.
2010-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28542/1/MPRA_paper_28542.pdf
Korobilis, Dimitris and Gilmartin, Michelle (2010): On regional unemployment: an empirical examination of the determinants of geographical differentials in the UK.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29422
2019-09-28T21:14:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29422/
The UK Future Jobs Fund: Labour’s adoption of the job guarantee principle
Ali, Tanweer
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
B50 - General
This paper examines the development of employment policy in the United Kingdom leading to the creation of the Young Person’s Guarantee and its main component, the Future Jobs Fund. Past public-sector direct employment schemes, including those associated with the workfare model, had been discredited as ineffective across the OECD. In numerous countries, however, newer job creation schemes were implemented from the 1990s, aimed at addressing some of the shortcomings of earlier projects, and utilizing the growth of smaller community-based projects – the Intermediate Labour Markets, or ILMs. Whilst there was no strategic policy commitment to demand-led active labour market policy in the UK until recent years, a network of ILMs came into existence, and much of the funding for these small-scale local projects came from the government. With the onset of the current economic downturn, and the substantial rise in cyclical unemployment, policy-makers more closely examined options for a demand-led strategy. Although ILMs had not been created with a view to forming part of an ‘employer of last resort’ policy, and were generally directed at very specific groups, the potential of these schemes to form part of a wider national strategy was clearly seen. In 2009 the government announced a job guarantee for all young people, primarily through the Future Jobs Fund. This initiative was inspired by ‘employer of last resort’ (or ‘job guarantee’) concept and the work of Hyman Minsky, and the intention was to extend it over time. Although the Future Jobs Fund was scrapped in May 2010 following a change of government in the UK, it incorporates the lessons of past policy failures, representing a bold step in active labour market policy – and may form a model for reviving demand-led employment policy.
2011-01-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29422/1/MPRA_paper_29422.pdf
Ali, Tanweer (2011): The UK Future Jobs Fund: Labour’s adoption of the job guarantee principle.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30247
2019-09-26T08:50:49Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3534
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30247/
The Prevalence and Impact of Skills Gaps on Latin America and the Caribbean
Schwalje, Wes
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
O54 - Latin America ; Caribbean
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
In Latin America and the Caribbean anecdotal evidence from business leaders, the press, and numerous government reports suggest many firms express a serious concern that they face internal employee skills deficiencies that limit performance, a phenomenon that has been labeled as a “skills gap”. This article explores the extent of national skills gaps; the importance of skills gaps relative to other business challenges; the industries facing the most severe skills gaps; and the prevalence of skills gaps by firm size. Based on international example, the article also discusses the ramifications of skills gaps on firms and regional competitiveness.
(Las evidencias anecdóticas de líderes empresariales, de la prensa y de numerosos informes gubernamentales sobre América Latina y el Caribe sugieren que son muchas las empresas que muestran una seria preocupación respecto a las deficiencias en las habilidades de competencia y conocimiento de sus empleados internos y cómo estas deficiencias merman su rendimiento. El fenómeno se ha bautizado como “brecha de habilidades” y en este artículo analizamos su alcance en cada país, así como la importancia de la brecha de habilidades comparada con otros retos empresariales, los sectores industriales que se enfrentan a brechas de habilidades más graves y la prevalencia de la brecha de habilidades según el tamaño de la empresa. A partir de ejemplos internacionales, el artículo también analiza el modo en que la brecha de habilidades se extiende por la empresa y afecta a su competitividad regional.)
(As provas especulativas retiradas dos relatórios de líderes empresariais, da Imprensa e de vários organismos públicos da América Latina e das Caraíbas sugerem que muitas empresas revelam uma séria preocupação, porquanto enfrentam deficiências ao nível das competências dos colaboradores internos que limitam o seu desempenho, um fenómeno que foi denominado “lacunas nas competências” (skills gap). Este artigo aborda a dimensão das lacunas nas competências a nível nacional, a importância das lacunas nas competências relativamente a outros desafios empresariais, os sectores que enfrentam as maiores lacunas nas competências e a prevalência das lacunas nas competências por dimensão das empresas. Com base em exemplos internacionais, o presente artigo também abrange as ramificações das lacunas nas competências no que diz respeito à competitividade das empresas e das regiões.)
2011-03-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30247/1/MPRA_paper_30247.pdf
Schwalje, Wes (2011): The Prevalence and Impact of Skills Gaps on Latin America and the Caribbean. Published in: Journal of Globalization, Competitiveness, and Governability , Vol. 5, No. 1 : pp. 16-30.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30780
2019-09-26T14:03:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30780/
Effectiveness of HRD for developing SMEs in South Asia
Ahmed, Vaqar
Wahab, Mohammad Abdul
Mahmood, Hamid
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
Today South Asia is host to a large youth bulge which is entering the labor market every year posing challenging questions for the national governments in the context of employable skills, space for entrepreneurship, innovation and economic freedom. SME sector provides an opportunity for the young to exercise their ideas and ideals. However a prerequisite for the young to be innovate is the how countries produce and retain a high end human capital. This study provides a review of national socio-economic policies in South Asian region - which answer such challenges.
2011-03-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30780/1/MPRA_paper_30780.pdf
Ahmed, Vaqar and Wahab, Mohammad Abdul and Mahmood, Hamid (2011): Effectiveness of HRD for developing SMEs in South Asia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31165
2019-09-30T17:00:29Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31165/
Impact of technological changes and economic liberalization on agricultural labor employment and Productivity
Soliman, Ibrahim
Ewaida, Osama
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
C13 - Estimation: General
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
Egypt has passed dramatic economic changes over the last two decades. Such program has different impacts on agricultural sector performance, including the mechanization, expansion and substitutability for human labor.
Therefore the objectives of this study are to assess the impacts of technological changes and economic liberalization on agricultural labor employment and Productivity. The analytical procedure is the estimation of crop production function for rice before and after the economic reform application in agricultural sector. The study used two field survey data in two sucessive periods conducted in "Sharkia Governorate".
It was concluded that the optimum allocation of inputs for rice production implied to decrease the human labor use on farms, even though, under the export border price of rice. It means that such major crop in Egypt as a case study of the agricultural sector can not provide a feasible employment opportunity for human labor. To reach amaximum income from such agricultural activities a less labor intensity should be used. Positive analysis approach showed that the employment of human labor has decreased by almost one-fourth due to all technological changes and economic reform policies practiced over the last decade. The normative approach analysis (least cost combination of inputs), showed that the human labor employment should be decreased by about two-thirds, in order to maximize income.
4
In order to maintain agriculture growing at an economic competitive performance, all economic criteria, derived from the production function analysis in this study showed that the growth in production and maximization of income must rely upon a package of physical and biological technologies (new varieties, fertilizers and mechanization of farm operations).
Rural development programs and economic development plans should create employment opportunities for the excess agriculture labor –beyond the economic density. Such opportunities should be either in agricultural related industries, non-agricultural small industries in villages or other economic activities in rural towns.
1996-12-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31165/1/MPRA_paper_31165.pdf
Soliman, Ibrahim and Ewaida, Osama (1996): Impact of technological changes and economic liberalization on agricultural labor employment and Productivity. Published in: CONTEMPORARY EGYPT Quarterly Annual Journal Issued by Egyptian Association for political economy, statistics And legislation Cairo , Vol. Year 8, No. No. 445, (July 1997): pp. 3-18.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31181
2019-10-05T18:41:28Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31181/
Impact of technological changes and economic liberalization on agricultural labor employment and Productivity
Soliman, Ibrahim
Ewaida, Osama
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
C13 - Estimation: General
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
Egypt has passed dramatic economic changes over the last two
decades. Such program has different impacts on agricultural sector performance, including the mechanization, expansion and substitutability for human labor.
Therefore the objectives of this study are to assess the impacts oftechnological changes and economic liberalization on agricultural labor employment and Productivity. The analytical procedures included was the estimation of crop production function for rice before and after the economic reform application in agricultural sector. The study used two field survey data in two sucessive periods conducted in "Sharkia Governorate".
It was concluded that the optimum allocation of inputs for rice production implied to decrease the human labor use on farms, even though under the export border price of rice. It means that such major crop in Egypt as a case study of the agricultural sector can not provide a feasible employment opportunity for human labor. To reach amaximum income from such agricultural activities a less labor intensity should be used.
Positive analysis approach showed that the employment of human labor has decreased by almost one-fourth due to all technological changes and economic reform policies practiced over the last decade. The normative approach analysis (least cost combination of inputs), showed that the
human labor employment should be decreased by about two-thirds, in order to maximize income.
All economic criteria, derived from the normative approach analysis,in this study showed that the growth in production and maximization of income must rely upon physical and biological technologies (new varieties, fertilizers and mechanization of farm operations.
Rural development programs and economic development plants
should create employment opportunities for such excess agriculture labor,either in agricultural related industries of non-agricultural small industries in villages or other economic activities in rural towns, in order to keep agriculture growing at an economic competitive performance.
1996-12-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31181/1/MPRA_paper_31181.pdf
Soliman, Ibrahim and Ewaida, Osama (1996): Impact of technological changes and economic liberalization on agricultural labor employment and Productivity. Published in: L’EGYPTE COTEMPORAIE, Revue Scientifique arbitrée Quart annual, De la Société Egyptienne d’Econnomie Politique de Statistique Et de Législation, LE CAIRE , Vol. LXXXVI, No. No. 445, (July 1997): pp. 3-21.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31963
2019-09-27T14:46:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D49:4932
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31963/
Measuring teacher and school effectiveness at improving student achievement in Los Angeles elementary schools
Buddin, Richard
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
I2 - Education and Research Institutions
J01 - Labor Economics: General
I21 - Analysis of Education
This study uses longitudinal student-level test score data to examine the effectiveness of elementary teachers and schools in Los Angeles. The results show that teacher effectiveness varies widely both across the Los Angeles school district and within district schools. Controlling for student background and preparation, we find only modest difference across schools in improving student achievement. We explore the sensitivity of teacher and school effectiveness measures to alternative regression controls. We find that teacher and school effectiveness measures are relatively insensitive to detailed controls for student and peer heterogeneity.
2011-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31963/1/MPRA_paper_31963.pdf
Buddin, Richard (2011): Measuring teacher and school effectiveness at improving student achievement in Los Angeles elementary schools.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32150
2019-10-03T04:44:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35:4C3531
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433430
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35:4C3530
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433333
7375626A656374733D4C:4C30:4C3030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32150/
Regulation, enforcement and informality: an analysis based on selected countries
Roychowdhury, Punarjit
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
L51 - Economics of Regulation
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
J01 - Labor Economics: General
C40 - General
L50 - General
C33 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
L00 - General
It is claimed that introducing flexibility in regulation is a sufficient condition for curbing the level of informality in the developing world. This dissertation tries to test the validity of this claim using data for 46 countries over the time period 1980-2008 to explore the dynamics between regulation and informal employment. The empirical findings obtained using Panel Data regression point out that regulation does not significantly affect informality. What matters is the interaction between governance and regulation. Thus, it is established that the quality of governance and the institutions enforcing the regulation are more important in context of curbing the level of informality. In addition, the dissertation also tries to find out the most important instruments of regulation that a state can put to use in context of informality.
2011-06-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32150/1/MPRA_paper_32150.pdf
Roychowdhury, Punarjit (2011): Regulation, enforcement and informality: an analysis based on selected countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32412
2019-10-03T00:25:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443834
7375626A656374733D41:4132:413233
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32412/
Education, vocational training and R&D: towards new forms of labor market regulation
Lopes, Margarida
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
D84 - Expectations ; Speculations
A23 - Graduate
I21 - Analysis of Education
Abstract
Labor market regulation and its relations with education and training have been
performing an historical trajectory which closely intertwined with developments in
economic thought. Under the form of human capital theories, neo-classical economics
set the bridge between labor market equilibrium and education outputs for decades. The
functionalist approach behind that lasting relationship was to be challenged by economic
crises and globalization, which imposed the unquestionable supremacy of the demand
for skilled work. Likewise, even if only that more strict perspective of education would
prevail, which fortunately is not the case, time and hazard came to undertake its denigration
on the grounds of a severe loss of regulatory efficiency as globalization was setting up.
In this paper we shed light on the increasing role which innovation is called to
perform in labor market hetero regulation in the present phase of globalization. Depending
on the institutional design throughout which R&D become embedded in nowadays societies,
evidence clearly reveals how innovation strategies are to be found so asymmetrically
implemented between developed and developing countries, thereby leading to the enlarging
divide between the “new North” and “new South” globalization off springs.
2011-05-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32412/1/MPRA_paper_32412.pdf
Lopes, Margarida (2011): Education, vocational training and R&D: towards new forms of labor market regulation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32729
2019-09-26T08:37:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32729/
Impact of stressors on the performance of employees
Rana, Badar-ul-islam
Munir, Kashif
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
It is important to recognize workplace stress because workplace stressors badly affect people’s mental as well as physiological health. Some of the reasons of stress at workplace could be the inability to meet out the demands of the job, relationship with colleagues and to control subordinate staff. After starting one’s career the key stressors are related to work, environment and people. Stress is the reaction of body due to interaction with any stimulus in the environment. This study focuses on how workplace stressors effect the motivation of an employee and what it outcomes in term of employee performance. In this study, there are several variables relating to employee performance, motivation and job stresses, whose types of measurement are interval and simultaneously investigated the several variables through structural equation modeling (SEM). The result shows that role conflict, role ambiguity and performance pressure has positively effect the employee motivation and it leads to positively affect employee performance. This study indicates and highlights the intensity of those factors that are involved to create a stress environment in the organization. So this study is policy oriented to maintain a required level of stress in the organization.
2011-04-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32729/1/MPRA_paper_32729.pdf
Rana, Badar-ul-islam and Munir, Kashif (2011): Impact of stressors on the performance of employees.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33573
2019-09-30T10:55:31Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33573/
How do employment contract reforms affect welfare? Theory and evidence
Tealdi, Cristina
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
Short-term employment contracts have been deployed rapidly across the European Union (EU) in the past two decades. Characterized by a high degree of flexibility, they were thought to be the solution to persistent labor market rigidities and high unemployment rates. The objective of this paper is to investigate both theoretically and empirically the effects of introducing short-term employment contracts to the labor market, and to draw conclusions regarding the change in welfare for different categories of people. Data from the Italian labor market show that workers hired on a short-term basis are mostly young, female, inexperienced, less educated, and poorly qualified. Short-term contracts, which are associated with lower wages, often come in
sequences. Labor force participation has increased in particular among older workers.
Such changes in labor force composition and transition patterns can be explained by a search model with workers heterogeneity and differentiated contracts. In steady state, a pooling equilibrium of less and more productive workers exists, when only permanent contracts are available. In the presence of short-term contracts, a separating equilibrium allocates less and more productive workers towards different career paths. Through model calibration it is possible to quantify the change in welfare for different categories of workers. Moreover, within a multi-state duration framework, the model is estimated with the Heckman and Singer non-parametric maximum likelihood (NPMLE) estimation procedure. One of the major findings is that inexperienced workers are worse off after the reforms. However, after the accumulation of some work experience, they have the opportunity to compensate for their losses, if they are more productive. Less productive workers, even though provided with higher chances to work, are the ones paying the cost of higher turnover and lower wages.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33573/1/MPRA_paper_33573.pdf
Tealdi, Cristina (2011): How do employment contract reforms affect welfare? Theory and evidence.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34429
2019-09-27T06:56:48Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34429/
Legislation for child labor and compulsory schooling in Pakistan: some issues
Khan, Rana Ejaz Ali
Jamal, Warda Najeeb
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
O5 - Economywide Country Studies
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
K31 - Labor Law
The lack of proper legislation about child labor and compulsory schooling, and its enforcement sustains child labor and a bulk of out of school children in Pakistan. This is manifested in different ways. In this paper we have discussed the issues of legislation and its implementation. Since child labor legislation do not cover informal sector, it is further hampered by the collusion of parents with employers in violating the law. There are also inconsistencies in legislation, which may pose problems. For example, there is no uniform definition of child labor in different Acts of legislation, and the penalties for offenders are generally too light to have a deterrent effect. Statutory provisions clearly defining the nature of work do not accompany a legal ban on child labor. Moreover child legislation is not done according to the ratifications of international conventions.
2008-08-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34429/1/MPRA_paper_34429.pdf
Khan, Rana Ejaz Ali and Jamal, Warda Najeeb (2008): Legislation for child labor and compulsory schooling in Pakistan: some issues. Published in: Asian Journal of Development Matters , Vol. 3, (1 March 2009): pp. 68-78.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34681
2019-09-26T10:45:11Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463531
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34681/
The impact of employment in Israel on the Palestinian labor force (2005–08)
Etkes, Haggay
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
F51 - International Conflicts ; Negotiations ; Sanctions
This study provides circumstantial evidence for the impact of permits for employment in Israel on the Palestinian labor force in the West Bank during the late Intifada period and its aftermath (2005–2008). The study utilizes a unique dataset that merges data from the Palestinian Labor Force Survey with Israeli administrative data on permits for employment in Israel. The study quantifies the increase in Palestinian employment in the Israeli and Palestinian economies and the decrease in Palestinian unemployment, as well as the drop in the return to schooling which coincided with an increase in the number of permits issued. These results reflect the short-run benefits for the un-skilled Palestinian labor force as well as the adverse long-run effects of Palestinian employment in Israel on human capital accumulation.
2011-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34681/1/MPRA_paper_34681.pdf
Etkes, Haggay (2011): The impact of employment in Israel on the Palestinian labor force (2005–08). Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35073
2019-09-26T16:55:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3438
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35073/
Informality and the expansion of social protection programs
Azuara, Oliver
Marinescu, Ioana
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
J48 - Public Policy
This paper examines the impact of the expansion of social protection programs on informality using the case of Mexico. A social protection system based on two components was created during the last decade in the country. The first is Seguro Popular which provides a minimum set of health benefits to the population not covered by formal social security. The other component of the system is a conditional cash transfer called Oportunidades. Both theoretically affect incentives to work in the informal sector. Seguro Popular decreases the cost of working informally and Oportunidades increases the benefits of concealing income by working informally. Using the fact that both systems were introduced in different municipalities at different times, we show that, surprisingly, neither significantly affected overall informality. While informality significantly increased for some sub-groups after the introduction of Seguro Popular, the increase was less than 2 percentage points. We also find no effect of Seguro Popular on transitions between formal and informal jobs, and no effect on wage differentials between the formal and the informal sector. These results suggest that payroll financed health insurance does not affect wages or labor mobility in Mexico. Overall, Mexico’s expansion of social protection system came at little to no cost in terms of labor supply distortions.
2011-10-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35073/1/MPRA_paper_35073.pdf
Azuara, Oliver and Marinescu, Ioana (2011): Informality and the expansion of social protection programs.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35282
2019-10-10T11:16:19Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35282/
Reviewing development of active labour market policies and the evaluation techniques
Jovan, Zubovic
Jonel, Subic
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
Active labor market policies are commonly used tool to fight unemployment. In the early 1960s all Scandinavian countires have introduced several different measures to have an effect on their labor markets. In the late 1970s in most developed countries of OECD government expenditures on those policies reached the level of 1-1.5% of GDP. High levels of expenditures created a need to assess the impact of such measures and perform their cost-benefit analysis. Evaluations have in the previous 30 years been undertaken by using different methods: from experimental and quasi-experimental, to micro and macro analyses. Most precise evaluations are based on complex econometric methods. Moreover, during last decade there have been several meta-analyses to make cross-analysis of evaluations made worldwide in a long time-span. General conclusions of most papers are that ALMP do not have very high influence on the employability. The best results are experienced in services provided by local national employment services, as well in training programs, especially in on-job training. In the last few years there have appeared some indications that subsidized employment has high positive effects, however there is no general consensus on that matter. Despite large number of published papers on evaluations, there has been no research aimed on analyzing overall ALMP effects on the economy, and creation of a model which could ex-ante estimate future effects of ALMP.
2011-10-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35282/1/MPRA_paper_35282.pdf
Jovan, Zubovic and Jonel, Subic (2011): Reviewing development of active labour market policies and the evaluation techniques. Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35547
2019-10-03T04:37:23Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35547/
Does employment protection lead to unemployment? A panel data analysis of OECD countries, 1990-2008
Sarkar, Prabirjit
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J60 - General
K31 - Labor Law
J50 - General
This paper analysed the OECD data on employment protection for 23 OECD countries over the time span 1990-2008 on the basis of alternative dynamic panel data models and panel causality tests and examines the validity of the neo-liberal argument that strictness of employment protection hurts labour through increased long-term and youth unemployment rates. While it finds no empirical basis for this orthodox standpoint it observes that long-term unemployment dampens aggregate production which in turn aggravates unemployment problem.
2011-12-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35547/1/MPRA_paper_35547.pdf
Sarkar, Prabirjit (2011): Does employment protection lead to unemployment? A panel data analysis of OECD countries, 1990-2008.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35614
2019-10-05T21:48:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453635
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423232
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35614/
Phillips Curve, case study in Cameroon: evaluation of fundamental assumptions
BESSO, CHRISTOPHE RAOUL
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
B22 - Macroeconomics
C01 - Econometrics
This study consists of examining the effects of inflation on unemployment in Cameroon. Beginning from the hypothesis which says inflation has a negative effect on unemployment, the Philips curve model was chosen to verify this hypothesis. From the results of this study, the anticipation errors influence negatively the evolution of unemployment rate in Cameroon in such away, if the inflation rate increases, the unemployment rate reduces. The reverse is true that is if the inflation reduces the unemployment rate increases. This negative relationship between the inflation rate and the unemployment rate is witnessed in Cameroon like in the study carried out by Philips in (1958).but here the coefficient of anticipation errors is weak, so the degree of influence will also be weak. Economics agencies will find it difficult in capturing the effect of inflation on employment.
The estimated equation gives the natural value of unemployment and the potential inflation rate. As concerns natural unemployment, it is estimated to be 0.6% and the potential inflation rate is estimated to be 21.25%.this means that if markets function normally, the unemployment rate in Cameroon will be 0.6% for 21.25% of inflation rate.
The data used was gotten from National Institute of Statistics and the World Bank. The software Eviews was used to carry out estimations.
2010-11-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35614/1/MPRA_paper_35614.pdf
BESSO, CHRISTOPHE RAOUL (2010): Phillips Curve, case study in Cameroon: evaluation of fundamental assumptions.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36594
2019-09-27T06:24:24Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36594/
Determinants and effects of direct foreign investment in Cote d'Ivoire, Morocco, and Venezuela
Harrison, Ann
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business
Despite the voluminous literature on direct foreign investment in the 1960s and 1970s, the empirical evidence on spillovers from foreign sources of equity investment remains slim. This chapter draws on new data sources for Cote d'lvoire, Morocco, and Venezuela to explore two related questions. To what extent do joint ventures or wholly owned for¬eign subsidiaries exhibit higher levels of productivity than their domestic counterparts? Does technology spill over from these foreign entrants to domestically owned firms?
The research reported here is the first to exploit panel data at the level of individual firms, which allows a more detailed comparison of foreign and domestic firms than was previously possible. The behavior of foreign and domestic firms can be compared by sector, controlling for firm-specific attributes such as size. The panel nature of the data also allows the analysis to go beyond the cross-sectional studies of the past, which compared partial measures of productivity (such as labor productivity) across sectors. The availability of data for several countries permits exploration of the extent to which the impact of foreign investment is a general or a country-specific phenomenon.
1995
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36594/1/MPRA_paper_36594.pdf
Harrison, Ann (1995): Determinants and effects of direct foreign investment in Cote d'Ivoire, Morocco, and Venezuela. Published in: Industrial evoluation in developing countries (1996): pp. 163-183.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36811
2019-09-26T08:10:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3831
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3132
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3534
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36811/
Importance and influence of organizational changes on companies and their employees
Halkos, George
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J81 - Working Conditions
J01 - Labor Economics: General
M12 - Personnel Management ; Executives; Executive Compensation
M54 - Labor Management
M50 - General
The timely and continuing adaptation of companies to the rapid changes in the market is a prerequisite to survival and growth. Simultaneously, the smooth adaptation of employees to changes contributes not only to the improved running of organizations but also to their personal improvement and enhanced satisfaction. The need for change requires the adaptability of organizations and enterprises, the redesigning of the organizational models, continuing reconstruction, learning processes and employees training. In this study we investigate the effects of organizational change, the reactions of employees and the results of change management on productivity. For this purpose a random sample of 355 employees in the private and public sectors and two stage cluster sampling is first used to collect primary data. Logistic Regression is used to explore many useful and supportive elements concerning the function of changes on stress and productivity. We find that change leads to increased stress but when the necessity and utility of change is understood it then leads to increased productivity. The good relations between leadership and employees offer the latter considerable advantages as well as a feeling of security. Once the change is announced, there is a negative effect on productivity and job satisfaction declines. When the change begins to work, we have increased productivity and reduced stress.
2012-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36811/1/MPRA_paper_36811.pdf
Halkos, George (2012): Importance and influence of organizational changes on companies and their employees.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36999
2019-09-30T05:40:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3831
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3338
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36999/
Labour legislations in India: tourism industry dimension
Pillai, Rajasekharan
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J81 - Working Conditions
J38 - Public Policy
J68 - Public Policy
Labour laws shape industrial relations addressing the socio-economic security of the working class. The legislative framework of labour conditions the working conditions, employer-employee relations, mode of wage payments, provide social security, class and protect the interests of special categories of working class. The paper discusses various labour statutes of India that are applicable to tourism. Almost all labour laws prevailing in the country were enacted even before tourism attained industrial status. This will enable us to examine how far this prospective sector complies with labour legislations in the country. A statutory coverage for the socio-economic security of workers is a need of the hour in the wake of growing casualisation, feminisation and marginalisation of labour and growing unemployment.
2012
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36999/1/MPRA_paper_36999.pdf
Pillai, Rajasekharan (2012): Labour legislations in India: tourism industry dimension.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37012
2019-09-28T06:48:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3538
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37012/
Flexicurity in the European Union: flexibility for outsiders, security for insiders
Van Vliet, Olaf
Nijboer, Henk
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J58 - Public Policy
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
Flexicurity is at the heart of European policy debates. Its aim is to overcome the tensions between labour market flexibility on the one hand, and the provision of social security for workers on the other hand. To date, there is little insight into whether flexicurity policies have been adopted across the European Union. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyse to what extent labour market policies have been reformed along the lines of the flexicurity concept across 18 European countries over the period 1985-2008. Focusing on the main axes of the flexicurity concept, new datasets are used to examine changes in employment protection legislation, unemployment benefits and active labour market policies. Data on the strictness of employment regulation indicate that reforms have been influenced by labour market insiders, since the level of flexibility has been increased more for temporary employment, the labour market outsiders, than for regular employment, the insiders. Although gross unemployment replacement rates suggest that unemployment benefits have become more generous, net replacement rates indicate that the level of income security from benefits actually has been decreased. Moreover, data illustrate that larger shares of European labour forces have temporary contracts. As such, the gap between insiders and outsiders on the labour market has been increased. This development is contrary to the goals of the European Commission.
2012-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37012/1/MPRA_paper_37012.pdf
Van Vliet, Olaf and Nijboer, Henk (2012): Flexicurity in the European Union: flexibility for outsiders, security for insiders.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37645
2019-09-28T13:02:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37645/
Il difficile passaggio verso il lavoro dei giovani che lasciano la scuola: quali possibili politiche?
Caroleo, Floro Ernesto
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
Youth leaving school and searching for a job suffer of work experience gap. This is very similar to the skill mismatch that occurs after a shock of demand or supply of competencies: to adequate the supply of competences to the new needs, it is necessary to modify the education and training system which takes time and money. Young people face a similar problem during their school to work transition. In fact, despite ever increasing educational attainment, they lack the other two components of human capital: generic and job-specific work experience. In order to fill this experience gap, they carry out a searching strategy by which they move among different labour market statuses in search for the best job-worker match. However, the process of transition is a complex phenomenon with strong elements of rigidity, concerning the institutions (school, training and university systems and labour agencies) and the norms and contracts regulating the labour market, uncertainty and errors of judgment. Accordingly, the search strategy takes time and is costly. Lower quality Institutions and not flexible labour markets augment the risk that youth make a mistake in their searching investment, or send wrong signals to the firms, and consequently fall permanently into a chain of high and long term unemployment, low pay, temporary or part-time work or inactivity.
A comparative analysis shows that the youth condition is not the same all over the OECD countries. To help young people smooth school-to-work transitions, every country has provided a mix of policy instruments reaching different outcomes. We can sum up these instruments into two groups: policies that, considering the need of firms to minimize the labour costs, aim at introducing different degrees and types of labour market flexibility, and policies that, considering the need of new entrants to adequate their human capital , adopt programs of training and labour market active policies or reforms of their education and training system. Broadly speaking, countries with flexible labour market and relatively less expenditures in training and active policies get both low and very high levels of youth unemployment. Nevertheless, Centre-North European countries get a relatively low unemployment rate with more welfare guarantees to youth and high expenditure in training and active policies. However, there is a general consensus both in criticizing the second type of policies, since these are too expensive for the public finances, and in preferring the liberalization of the labour market.
This paper is meant to analyze the case of the young graduates and the probability to be overqualified or underskilled. It gives evidence that policies to cut down the labour costs and salaries are of little scope merely aiming at an immediate saving, on the other hand, they are damaging in the long term. Conversely, investments in human capital are very important to augment the productivity growth and reduce regional differences. University and school of low quality as well as lack of instruments aiming at strengthening the link between the education system and the work experience, make permanent the qualification and skill mismatch and hinder wages from restoring the equilibrium of the labour market. In the long term, the wage gap for overqualified and underskilled has consequences on productivity growth. Considerations are made also for the Mezzogiorno case.
2012-03-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37645/1/MPRA_paper_37645.pdf
Caroleo, Floro Ernesto (2012): Il difficile passaggio verso il lavoro dei giovani che lasciano la scuola: quali possibili politiche?
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38913
2019-09-26T13:07:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30
7375626A656374733D49:4931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38913/
Challenges in implementation of the maternity leave in Kosovo
Ramosaj, Argjiro
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law
J01 - Labor Economics: General
K31 - Labor Law
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
J00 - General
J0 - General
I1 - Health
This study aims to analyze the implementation of Labor Law in Kosovo, with a particular attention towards Article 49th which regulates the issue of maternity leave. Labor Law in Kosovo has been in force only for a year, and as such it has been a matter of discussion because of the challenges that have hampered its successful implementation.
The study begins with an analysis of the chronological order of labor documents that aimed to regulate labor relationships in Kosovo. Moreover the analysis continues with the exploration of developments of the new Labor law and challenges that is facing while being implements in both public and private sector.
Labor Law regulates the labor relationships in both private and public sector in Kosovo. Drafting of Labor Law in Kosovo has been considered a positive process towards establishing legal guidelines in order to ensure sustainable employment relationships in Kosovo. Moreover, the purpose of this law was to provide a legal document which would have the power to fill all the gaps that were left by the previous UNMIK regulation in regards to labor relationships. However, despite the positive expectations that were created towards this law, several challenges that are encountered during its implementation process have consequently produced negative effects in the society where we live.
Therefore, when referring to the issue of maternity leave, there are several factors that are harming its successful implementation. Thus, the maternity leave system (6+3+3), together with the limited resources of labor inspectorate, lack of a health insurance fund, and weak judicial system are constantly affecting the success of this regulation in public and private sector in Kosovo. Moreover the confusion between the application of Labor Law and Civil Service law in terms of maternity leave has been another barrier of the proper implementation of this law.
According to Article 49 of the labor law, women in Kosovo have the right of 12 months of maternity leave. While analyzing the legal provisions of this regulation, the 12 month period which is prescribed by law ranks Kosovo among countries with the highest maternity leave period. However, the most challenging part of this regulation remains the compensation plan which is divided between the employer and the Government of Kosovo. According to the compensation plan (6+3+3) the first 6 months are paid by the employer with the compensation of 70% of basic salary, and the following 3 months are paid by the government with the compensation of 50% of the average salary in Kosovo. This formula seems to be the root of many problems. Employees in this case are the ones that feel that are discriminated by such a regulation by paying 70 % of the basic salary. Moreover, at the same time they incur additional costs when implementing this regulation, since replacement of the worker who receives maternity should also be paid as well.
Taking into consideration all these concerns, majority of businesses have decided to be very selective while hiring people, consequently violating the rights of women. As such, double contracts, contracts with an undetermined period, and other illegal forms are used in order to discourage women that are pregnant to continue working. On the other hand, labor inspectorate which has the authority to supervise the implementation process of the labor law lacks the necessary resources to do so. Some of the barriers that are preventing labor inspectorate to perform their job are: limited number of labor inspectors, insufficient budget, and limited technical resources. Moreover, another challenge it is considered the low capacity of the Municipal Court of Prishtina to deal with cases from all regions of Kosovo that derive from labor relationships.
Thus, in the end of the study, further recommendations are presented which need to be implemented in the short-run in order to ensure the successful implementation of labor law. Thus, increase in awareness about the labor law and its regulations in Kosovo should be done in order for employers and employees to be better informed ; creation of the health insurance fund is an urgent need and as such the success story of Albania and other countries in the region are taken into consideration; Strengthening monitoring mechanism that control the implementation of the labor law in private and public sector is needed; and finally the creation of labor courts is considered essential for the successful implementation of the labor law and maternity leave in Kosovo.
2012-03-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38913/1/MPRA_paper_38913.pdf
Ramosaj, Argjiro (2012): Challenges in implementation of the maternity leave in Kosovo.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39654
2019-09-26T08:24:00Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3831
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3132
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39654/
The influence of stress and satisfaction on productivity
Halkos, George
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J81 - Working Conditions
J01 - Labor Economics: General
M12 - Personnel Management ; Executives; Executive Compensation
M50 - General
In this study, using a random sample of 425 employees in the private and public sector, we investigate the effects of stress and job satisfaction on the functioning of a company. Our attention is focused on factors that affect stress and job satisfaction like the number of work hours, good relations between management and employees, good function of the group and work related to employees’ area of education. Factor Analysis is used first in order to identify the responsible factors for the correlation among a large number of qualitative and quantitative variables and their influence on productivity. The extracted factors showed us that productivity is an element affected by the two qualitative factors, stress and satisfaction. Increased stress leads to reduced productivity and increased satisfaction leads to increased productivity. Logistic Regression is used next presenting us with a lot of useful elements concerning the function of stress, satisfaction and supportive elements on productivity.
2008-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39654/1/MPRA_paper_39654.pdf
Halkos, George (2008): The influence of stress and satisfaction on productivity. Published in: International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management , Vol. 59, No. 5 (2010): pp. 415-431.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:40259
2019-09-29T12:22:59Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40259/
Employment Protection Legislation and Labor Markets in Transition: Assessing the Effects of the Labor Code in Armenia
Hartwell, Christopher A
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
The effects of employment protection legislation (EPL) on a country’s labor market are clear in theory
but empirical evidence is only starting to catch up. In particular, EPL is not robust as an indicator of
overall unemployment, but previous panel data analyses have shown it affects the flow of workers into
and out of employment. Examining monthly and quarterly data from Armenia, I find that the country’s
package of EPL has this same effect, and worker flows have slowed under the country’s new Labor Code.
The paradox of where Armenia’s workforce is going still remains but can be hypothesized as entering the
informal sector.
2010-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40259/1/MPRA_paper_40259.pdf
Hartwell, Christopher A (2010): Employment Protection Legislation and Labor Markets in Transition: Assessing the Effects of the Labor Code in Armenia. Published in: European Journal of Comparative Economics , Vol. 7, No. 2 (December 2010): pp. 413-445.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:41492
2019-09-26T23:40:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463136
7375626A656374733D41:4133:413332
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D41:4132:413230
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433139
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423139
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463031
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423239
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433030
7375626A656374733D49:4930
7375626A656374733D42:4230:423030
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423439
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423539
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41492/
Diseguaglianza, conflitto sociale e sindacati in America
Lettieri, Antonio
I30 - General
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
A32 - Collective Volumes
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
A20 - General
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
C19 - Other
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
B19 - Other
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
F01 - Global Outlook
B29 - Other
C00 - General
I0 - General
B00 - General
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
B49 - Other
B59 - Other
J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
A comparison of the 2007-08 crisis with that of 1929 showed its extreme gravity, but it also may have implied that the old harmful mistakes would not be repeated. After four years, the crisis has not been solved and it even threatens to worsen. Neo-conservative Republicans claim that this is proof of the failure of Keynesian policies. Yet, there is something structurally distorted in the institutions and policies of American industrial relations. The fall of the ‘social contract’ is the basic element of the crisis of the American social and economic model. In comparison with the crisis of the Thirties and its aftermath, what initially was supposed to possibly evolve toward a new New Deal of the Twenty-first century has evolved just in its opposite.
2012-06-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41492/1/MPRA_paper_41492.pdf
Lettieri, Antonio (2012): Diseguaglianza, conflitto sociale e sindacati in America. Published in: Moneta e Credito , Vol. Vol 65, No. N° 258 (June 2012): pp. 115-144.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:41637
2019-10-02T00:11:11Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41637/
Policies to encourage the employment of people with disabilities: case of Romania
Stefanescu, Razvan
Dumitriu, Ramona
Nistor, Costel
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
J01 - Labor Economics: General
In the last decades, the employment of persons with disabilities became a priority for the social policy from many countries. Usually, such policies are oriented in two directions: to support the persons with disabilities seeking jobs and to provide for the employers who hire these persons some facilities that compensate certain supplementary costs. In the last years, Romania updated its legislation regarding the persons with disabilities, being offered some stimulants for their employment. In this paper we examine this legislation by comparing it with those from other countries. We also present the results of an inquiry among some managers from Romanian enterprises, who were interviewed about hiring people with disabilities.
2012-03-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41637/1/MPRA_paper_41637.pdf
Stefanescu, Razvan and Dumitriu, Ramona and Nistor, Costel (2012): Policies to encourage the employment of people with disabilities: case of Romania. Published in: The Proceedings of the 14th International Conference AFASES - “Scientific Research and Education in the Air Force” 2012 (14 May 2012): pp. 499-504.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:43250
2019-09-26T10:43:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43250/
Female labour supply in india: proximate determinants
Majumder, Rajarshi
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
Traditional official definition of ‘work’ in developing countries excludes large number of activities that are predominantly performed by women. Naturally official Female Labour Force Participation Rate is quite low in such countries. Women who are officially in the labourforce must therefore have compelling reasons for doing so. This paper fills the research gap arising due to dearth of econometric analysis of female labour supply in Indian context by identifying proximate determinants. Apart from personal attributes, household characteristics, local economic conditions, and socio-religious traditions are also observed to have a role. The interlinkages are multidimensional and complex and have significant implications for policy formulation.
2011-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43250/1/MPRA_paper_43250.pdf
Majumder, Rajarshi (2011): Female labour supply in india: proximate determinants. Published in: Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 55, No. 3
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44107
2019-09-27T10:19:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483236
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44107/
Economia sommersa e lavoro nero
Schilirò, Daniele
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
The Italian economy has a strong tax evasion and the presence of a very extensive shadow economy with profound effects on our GDP. This paper analyzes the study Claudio Lucifora has done on the shadow economy, the result of extensive research on the subject, which led to the publication of the book, “Shadow economy and black labor”. The book is a systematic and thorough analysis of the irregular economy not detected in official statistics. The volume also offers some proposals for a policy aimed at emersion of the shadow economy. In this paper are discussed and evaluated the most significant points of the research work of Lucifora.
2004-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44107/1/MPRA_paper_44107.pdf
Schilirò, Daniele (2004): Economia sommersa e lavoro nero.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44347
2019-10-02T16:46:12Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44347/
Effectiveness of government interventions at labour markets: the case of women and youth in Serbia
Zubović, Jovan
Domazet, Ivana
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J18 - Public Policy
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J68 - Public Policy
This paper evaluates the effectiveness of active labour market policies on two largest vulnerable groups at Serbian labour market — women and youth. By means of adapting methodology of other authors we concentrate on in-depth empirical research within the target groups to determine what policies bring most gains. Moreover, by using econometric matched pair design methodology we have undertaken a microevaluation of several different ALMP used in Serbia with a goal of obtaining precise information on the difference in effects among measures. The results that we have achieved are to a certain extent surprising, showing that widely utilised matching methodology can be altered and improved. On the other hand, we found that women and youth perform better than average in effectiveness of active labour market policies.
2012-05-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44347/8/MPRA_paper_44347.pdf
Zubović, Jovan and Domazet, Ivana (2012): Effectiveness of government interventions at labour markets: the case of women and youth in Serbia. Published in: Actual Problems of Economics , Vol. 13, No. 139 (15 January 2013): pp. 302-313.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44530
2019-09-28T18:55:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3439
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3832
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44530/
¿Quiénes son los NiNis en México?
Arceo-Gómez, Eva Olimpia
Campos-Vázquez, Raymundo M.
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J10 - General
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J49 - Other
J82 - Labor Force Composition
O54 - Latin America ; Caribbean
The objective of this paper is to characterize the population between 15 and 19 years of age in Mexico which does not study and does not work (NiNi). We use the population censuses for 1990, 2000 and 2010, income and expenditure household surveys from 1992 to 2010, and labor surveys from 2005 to 2010. We find that the percentage of NiNis in the population has decreased during the period of study. However, there are stark differences by gender for the decade. With the Great Recession we observe a spike in the proportion of NiNis for males, but not for women. In the case of women, the proportion of NiNis declines steadily during the period mostly due to higher labor force participation and greater school attendance. The estimates from the three samples used are consistent. We estimate that there are 8.6 million NiNis in Mexico in 2010 (28.9 percent of the population in this age group), of which 6.55 of them are women. Finally we found that the most important correlates of idleness are education and household income in the case on men, and domestic work in the case of women.
2012-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44530/1/MPRA_paper_44530.pdf
Arceo-Gómez, Eva Olimpia and Campos-Vázquez, Raymundo M. (2012): ¿Quiénes son los NiNis en México?
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45063
2019-09-28T04:32:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4830:483030
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45063/
Ρυθμίζοντας την απορρύθμιση: μια κριτική δεύτερη ματιά στην ευρωπαϊκή πολιτική απασχόληση
Ioannidis, Yiorgos
H00 - General
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
Στο άρθρο θα υποστηριχθεί ότι η ευρωπαϊκή πολιτική απασχόλησης δημιουργήθηκε προκειμένου να προωθήσει μια
διαρθρωτική πολιτική μεταρρυθμίσεων που εμπνεόταν από την ρητορική της οικονομίας της γνώσης και ενσωμάτωνε οργανικά τους περιορισμούς (πολιτικούς καιμακροοικονομικούς) που έθετε η Οικονομική και Νομισματική Ένωση. Αυτή η σύνθεση, πραγματοποιήθηκε υπό την ηγεμονία της νέας οσιαλδημοκρατικής
ατζέντας της δεκαετίας του ’90 και διαμόρφωσε το πολιτικό πλαίσιο εντός του οποίου αναπτύχθηκε η ευρωπαϊκή πολιτική απασχόλησης. Για την ακρίβεια, τόσο η ΕΣΑ, όσο και η ΣτΛ, μπορούν να ειδωθούν ως σοσιαλδημοκρατικά πολιτικά προγράμματα που στόχευσαν στη ρύθμιση της διαδικασίας απορρύθμισης της αγοράς εργασίας που προέκυπτε από την κοινωνία της πληροφορίας και την ΟΝΕ
2011-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45063/1/MPRA_paper_45063.pdf
Ioannidis, Yiorgos (2011): Ρυθμίζοντας την απορρύθμιση: μια κριτική δεύτερη ματιά στην ευρωπαϊκή πολιτική απασχόληση.
el
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45065
2019-09-26T12:01:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3338
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45065/
Δημιουργώντας αγορές από το τίποτα: η περίπτωση της συνεχιζόμενης επαγγελματικής κατάρτισης στην Ελλάδα
Ioannidis, Yiorgos
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J38 - Public Policy
Στόχος του άρθρου είναι η κριτική ανασκόπηση της δημιουργίας και εξέλιξης της αγοράς συνεχιζόμενης επαγγελματικής κατάρτισης στην Ελλάδα, σε μια προσπάθεια να αναδειχτεί η στοχοθεσία της δημόσιας παρέμβασης και η πολιτική οικονομία που γέννησε αυτή η παρέμβαση. Η πορεία εξέλιξης της αγοράς της συνεχιζόμενης επαγγελματικής κατάρτισης μπορεί να προσεγγιστεί βάσει τριών σταδίων. Κατά το πρώτο στάδιο, η απουσία ρύθμισης του νέου αναδυόμενου πεδίου, σε συνδυασμό με τον πολλαπλασιασμό των διαθέσιμων πόρων, ευνόησε την αρχική συσσώρευση κεφαλαίου από τις ιδιωτικές επιχειρήσεις. Κατά το δεύτερο στάδιο, αυτό της ελεγχόμενης
εκκαθάρισης, η δημόσια παρέμβαση έγινε περισσότερο έντονη στοχεύοντας αφενός στην εκκαθάριση της αγοράς αφετέρου στη διασφάλιση ενός μεριδίου για κάθε επιχείρηση που συνέχιζε να αποτελεί μέρος της. Τέλος, κατά το τρίτο στάδιο, εκείνο της απελευθέρωσης, καταργήθηκε το σύνολο σχεδόν των περιορισμών του παρελθόντος. Κάθε φάση εξυπηρέτησε, σχετικά αποτελεσματικά, τα συμφέροντα των κύριων «παικτών», δηλαδή
της κυβέρνησης, των ιδιωτικών επιχειρήσεων ΚΕΚ και των κοινωνικών εταίρων, εις βάρος όμως της αποτελεσματικότητας του συστήματος συνεχιζόμενης κατάρτισης
2012-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45065/1/MPRA_paper_45065.pdf
Ioannidis, Yiorgos (2012): Δημιουργώντας αγορές από το τίποτα: η περίπτωση της συνεχιζόμενης επαγγελματικής κατάρτισης στην Ελλάδα.
el
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45464
2019-09-29T16:14:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453236
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45464/
Employment protection and income inequality: is there a role for the informal sector?
Gkinni, Eleni
Vasilaki, Eleni
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
E26 - Informal Economy ; Underground Economy
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
This paper seeks to examine the effect of employment protection on income inequality. By employing the employment protection data developed by Botero et al. (2004) as well as well established measures of economic inequality for a sample of 83 countries, our analysis suggests that increased employment protection is negatively associated with income inequality. This relationship remains highly robust across several different specifications and estimation methods. In addition, our analysis places the spotlight on the role of the informal economy and investigates how the presence of informal sector may affect the above mentioned relationship. Our results suggest that in the presence of a large unofficial economy the negative impact of employment protection on inequality is crucially mitigated and in some extreme cases may also be reversed.
2013-03-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45464/1/MPRA_paper_45464.pdf
Gkinni, Eleni and Vasilaki, Eleni (2013): Employment protection and income inequality: is there a role for the informal sector?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:47253
2019-10-09T16:42:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D41:4131
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
7375626A656374733D44:4430
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443034
7375626A656374733D44:4436
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D45:4536
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453630
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D48:4830
7375626A656374733D48:4832
7375626A656374733D48:4835
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D49:4930
7375626A656374733D49:4933
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47253/
Pensionamento flessibile e (ri)equilibrio tra generazioni
Salerno, Nicola Carmine
A1 - General Economics
A10 - General
D0 - General
D04 - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation, Implementation, and Evaluation
D6 - Welfare Economics
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
E60 - General
E62 - Fiscal Policy
H0 - General
H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
I0 - General
I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J1 - Demographic Economics
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
The paper proposes a method to speed up the transition toward the notional contributions pension system in Italy. It seems the most appropriate manner to combine and pursue employment and financial sustainability goals. The method computes percentages for abating the old retributive pensions taking into account the distance from the effective age /seniority at retirement at standard/pivotal values for age/seniority.
2013-05-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47253/1/MPRA_paper_47253.pdf
Salerno, Nicola Carmine (2013): Pensionamento flessibile e (ri)equilibrio tra generazioni.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:47501
2019-09-27T10:33:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423532
7375626A656374733D45:4531:453130
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453237
7375626A656374733D45:4536
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47501/
ІНФЛЯЦІЯ І ПЕРЕРОЗПОДІЛ ДОХОДУ В УКРАЇНІ
Filippova, Irina
Sumcov, Victor
B52 - Institutional ; Evolutionary
E10 - General
E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Exact diagnostics of inflation reasons is the necessary condition of correct stabilization policy oriented to social progress. The dominant type of inflation in Ukraine is cost-push inflation.
The purpose of the article is to analyse inflation in Ukraine as a process of income redistribution between the participants of public production and explicate the state policy's influence on labour market.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47501/1/MPRA_paper_47501.pdf
Filippova, Irina and Sumcov, Victor (2011): ІНФЛЯЦІЯ І ПЕРЕРОЗПОДІЛ ДОХОДУ В УКРАЇНІ. Published in: Часопис економічних реформ No. 3 (2011): pp. 10-17.
uk
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:47521
2023-06-26T12:19:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47521/
Parental influence on female vocational decisions in the Arabian Gulf
Rutledge, Emilie
Madi, Mohamed
Forstenlechner, Ingo
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
O10 - General
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
O53 - Asia including Middle East
Due to the Arabian Gulf’s pyramid-style ‘national’ demographic profile and pronounced reliance on expatriate labor, policymakers are now actively seeking ways to increase national FLFP. In this context, we examine the impact of parental influence on the post-graduation vocational intentions of women in the United Arab Emirates. Perceived levels of parental support, engagement and interference are measured against factors including: the likelihood per se of seeking formal employment, sectoral preferences and, the impact of sociocultural barriers on such decisions. While remunerative factors (particularly salary and maternity leave) and sentiment towards a given occupation’s ‘appropriateness’ were observed to have considerable bearing, so was the role played by parents. Parental support is found to significantly reduce the magnitude of sociocultural barriers. Conversely, parental interference results in labor market entry being less likely. Moreover, those whose fathers have tertiary-level education have a significantly higher intention of joining the workforce.
2014-06-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47521/1/MPRA_paper_47521.pdf
Rutledge, Emilie and Madi, Mohamed and Forstenlechner, Ingo (2014): Parental influence on female vocational decisions in the Arabian Gulf.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:47540
2019-10-06T01:06:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453631
7375626A656374733D48:4830:483030
7375626A656374733D48:4831
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47540/
Creating Markets out of Nothing:The Case of the Continuing Education System in Greece
Ioannidis, Yiorgos
A14 - Sociology of Economics
E61 - Policy Objectives ; Policy Designs and Consistency ; Policy Coordination
H00 - General
H1 - Structure and Scope of Government
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J68 - Public Policy
The development of the vocational training policy constitutes one of the most interesting examples of a policy which was introduced entirely due to the pressure exercised by the E.U., but it was implemented in such a way that it served the domestic political economy. The seven laws and the dozens of ministerial decrees issued from 1989-2004 reflect the effort made by the state to foster but also control the development of the market, the conflict of interests among the main players, the tensions generated by the pressures of the European Union, the interests of the private vocational centres, and the special needs and the objectives of the social partners. To be more specific, it will be argued that the development of the continuing education market in Greece can be described and analyzed on the basis of three distinct phases/ time periods: (a) The period of initial capital accumulation (1989-1994), (b) the period of the controlled clearing of the market (1994-2004) and, (c) the period of the liberalization of the market (2005-). In every stage the interests of the main actors –namely those of the state, the private training centers and the social partners–, were accommodated accordingly, but this was achieved at the expense of the continuing training system’s efficiency. The aim of the paper is to critically assess these developments by focusing on the latent rationality underlying the state’s regulatory actions, as well as on the political economy which these actions have engendered.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47540/1/MPRA_paper_47540.pdf
Ioannidis, Yiorgos (2013): Creating Markets out of Nothing:The Case of the Continuing Education System in Greece.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48593
2019-09-26T09:38:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48593/
Caste and Rural Youth in India: Education, Skills and Employment
Motkuri, Venkatanarayana
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
The present paper examines the changing nature of employment situation of rural youth in India by social group status, during the last two decades. The large part of the analysis in this paper is based on the NSSO quinquennial surveys on employment and unemployment. In this respect we have used the unit record data of three NSS rounds: 50th (1993-94), 61st (2004-05) and 66th (2009-10) and estimations are derived.
2013-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48593/1/MPRA_paper_48593.pdf
Motkuri, Venkatanarayana (2013): Caste and Rural Youth in India: Education, Skills and Employment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48981
2019-09-27T18:32:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4530:453032
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453634
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48981/
Інституціональна пастка: моделювання ринку праці в Україні
Filippova, Irina
Balakhnin, Hary
E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
E64 - Incomes Policy ; Price Policy
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J1 - Demographic Economics
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J23 - Labor Demand
J30 - General
An institutional trap emerges in the gap between actual wage rate in Ukraine and the wage that provides the growth in working-age population. This activates the mechanism of demographic trap.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48981/1/MPRA_paper_48981.pdf
Filippova, Irina and Balakhnin, Hary (2010): Інституціональна пастка: моделювання ринку праці в Україні. Published in: Formation of a market economy: a collection of papers. Kyiv National Economic University , Vol. 3, (2010): pp. 369-377.
uk
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49354
2019-09-28T06:31:25Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49354/
Wages and employment in non-farm agricultural activities: a livelihood strategy in Nicaragua.
Zuniga Gonzalez, Carlos Alberto
Jaramillo Villanueva, José Luis
J0 - General
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
M1 - Business Administration
M11 - Production Management
This article analyzes the indexes for nonfarm agricultural activities, which combine
agricultural activities with both employment and wage. They were made with panel data of Living
Measurement Standard Survey (1993, 1998, 2001 and 2005) and they were processed with
econometric model as parametric technique (Binary dependent variable model).
The indexes trend was explained by a combining between nonfarm and farming agricultural activities. In summary, as soon as the economic public policy makers apply preventive measure in the labour market, while the indexes for nonfarm agricultural activities are growing up. In fact, the small farmers use the first, second and third nonfarm employ as
livelihood strategy for reducing the restrictive public policy. (Unemployment).
2008-08-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49354/1/MPRA_paper_49354.pdf
Zuniga Gonzalez, Carlos Alberto and Jaramillo Villanueva, José Luis (2008): Wages and employment in non-farm agricultural activities: a livelihood strategy in Nicaragua. Published in: Global Journal of Management and Business Research , Vol. 12, No. 15 (23 July 2012): pp. 15-23.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51045
2019-09-30T06:22:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D48:4830:483030
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483130
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483230
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483232
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483330
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483332
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483530
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483630
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483638
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483730
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483735
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51045/
La demografia in Europa e in Us. Uno sguardo alle proiezioni a medio-lungo termine
SALERNO, Nicola Carmine
D6 - Welfare Economics
D60 - General
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
H00 - General
H10 - General
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
H20 - General
H22 - Incidence
H30 - General
H31 - Household
H32 - Firm
H50 - General
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
H60 - General
H68 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt
H70 - General
H75 - State and Local Government: Health ; Education ; Welfare ; Public Pensions
J0 - General
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J1 - Demographic Economics
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
J18 - Public Policy
The demographic database of Eurostat and of Us Census of Bureau are explored and the main facts are extracted and described. This paper is completely self-standing but is also part of a more general analysis dedicated to the functioning and sustainability of pay-as-you-go to finance the welfare system in developed countries. Thsi paper constitutes Chapert 2.. Chapter 1. has been already posted on MPRA. Other chapters follow.
2013-10-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51045/1/MPRA_paper_51045.pdf
SALERNO, Nicola Carmine (2013): La demografia in Europa e in Us. Uno sguardo alle proiezioni a medio-lungo termine.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52339
2019-09-26T08:39:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52339/
Using System Dynamics to Improve the Marine Manpower of the Passenger Industry in Management Decisions
Alexopoulos, Aristotelis
Fournarakis, Nikolaos
Sambracos, Evangelos
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
M12 - Personnel Management ; Executives; Executive Compensation
The Greek merchant fleet maintains a considerable proportion of the world shipping industry, being the largest one in the European Union. However, it needs competitive human resources management to achieve an efficient productivity. Nowadays, there is a quantitative and qualitative shortage of sea-going personnel, particularly in the highest ranks of the crew hierarchy. The picture becomes more dramatic since there are a very small number of new entries into the marine sector and the existing sea-manpower gradually abandons the seafaring profession. In this paper we attempt to define the variables which affect the quantity and quality of seafarers, then to present the elements that define the current trends of seafaring profession and finally to propose a system dynamics methodology for retaining the existing and qualified numbers of seamen, particularly in the passenger market.
2002-11-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52339/1/MPRA_paper_52339.pdf
Alexopoulos, Aristotelis and Fournarakis, Nikolaos and Sambracos, Evangelos (2002): Using System Dynamics to Improve the Marine Manpower of the Passenger Industry in Management Decisions. Published in: Conference Proceedings (15ο Hellenic Conference on Operation Research, Tripoli Greece) No. CD-ROM (31 November 2002)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:53591
2019-10-02T00:44:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53591/
Закон Оукена, парадокс занятости и влияние безработицы на экономику СССР и России.
BLINOV, Sergey
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
N14 - Europe: 1913-
For effective economic growth, intentional “creation” of unemployment is required to be followed up by its «elimination».
From Okun’s law one can infer an interesting corollary: growing unemployment without reducing GDP increases the economy’s potential. This corollary can be proved theoretically (unlike Okun’s law which is an empirical law).
There were two causes of the USSR’s economic slowdown on the eve of its breakup. One of them was a shortage of labor which is identical to lack of unemployment. However strange it may seem, but the economic problems of modern Russia have the same root cause.
2014-02-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53591/1/MPRA_paper_53591.pdf
BLINOV, Sergey (2014): Закон Оукена, парадокс занятости и влияние безработицы на экономику СССР и России.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55220
2019-09-27T03:17:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55220/
Okun’s Law, Employment Paradox and Impact of Unemployment on the Economy of the USSR and Russia
BLINOV, Sergey
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
N14 - Europe: 1913-
For effective economic growth, intentional “creation” of unemployment is required to be followed up by its «elimination».
From Okun’s law one can infer an interesting corollary: growing unemployment without reducing GDP increases the economy’s potential. This corollary can be proved theoretically (unlike Okun’s law which is an empirical law).
There were two causes of the USSR’s economic slowdown on the eve of its breakup. One of them was a shortage of labor which is identical to lack of unemployment. However strange it may seem, but the economic problems of modern Russia have the same root cause.
2014-04-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55220/1/MPRA_paper_55220.pdf
BLINOV, Sergey (2014): Okun’s Law, Employment Paradox and Impact of Unemployment on the Economy of the USSR and Russia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55319
2019-09-28T04:58:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55319/
Are active labour market policies effective in activating and integrating low-skilled individuals? An international comparison
Escudero, Veronica
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
This paper examines the effectiveness of active labour market policies (ALMP) in improving labour market outcomes, especially of low-skilled individuals. The empirical analysis consists of an aggregate impact approach based on a pooled cross country and time-series database for 31 advanced countries during the period 1985–2010. A novelty of the paper is that the analysis includes aspects of the
delivery system to see how the performance of ALMP is affected by different implementation characteristics. Among the notable results, the paper finds that ALMP matters at the aggregate level. Training, employment incentives, supported employment and direct job creation measures show the most favourable results, both, in terms of reduced unemployment, but also in terms of increased employment and participation. Interestingly, start-up incentives are more effective in reducing unemployment than other ALMP policies. Moreover, the positive effects seem to be particularly beneficial for the low-skilled. In terms of implementation, the paper finds that the most favourable
aspect is the allocation of resources to programme administration. Finally, a disruption of policy continuity is associated with negative effects for all labour market variables analysed.
2014-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55319/1/MPRA_paper_55319.pdf
Escudero, Veronica (2014): Are active labour market policies effective in activating and integrating low-skilled individuals? An international comparison.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55849
2019-09-26T09:37:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473233
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483332
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483532
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D48:4838:483831
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493232
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493235
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493238
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55849/
Fixing Europe's youth unemployment and skills mismatch, can public financial support to SMEs be effective? The case of the European Commission and European Investment Bank joint initiatives.
Floreani, Vincent Arthur
G23 - Non-bank Financial Institutions ; Financial Instruments ; Institutional Investors
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
H32 - Firm
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
H81 - Governmental Loans ; Loan Guarantees ; Credits ; Grants ; Bailouts
I22 - Educational Finance ; Financial Aid
I25 - Education and Economic Development
I28 - Government Policy
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J60 - General
J68 - Public Policy
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
“We risk having a generation that hasn’t held a job. Personal dignity comes from working [...] Young people are in a crisis".
Pope Francis - July the 22nd, 2013.
Youth unemployment is a critical issue across the European Union with 5.5 million people unemployed among the 18-24 years age group (23.3% unemployment rate). Evidence reveals that youth unemployment in the EU mainly arises from two sources. Firstly, young people lack some of the relevant skills for the labor market.Secondly, firms’ ability to hire them is challenged by a constrained access to finance. In reaction, European leaders have implemented “offensive” programs (F. Hollande). Among them, leading initiatives sponsored by the European Commission(EC) and the European Investment Bank (EIB), aim to provide subsidized loans to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) for hiring and training young people. This approach seems relevant and sustainable as it addresses the two sources of youth unemployment and ought to combine jobs opportunities with skills development. This thesis assesses the relevance and scope for effectiveness of concessional loans provision to SMEs as a strategy to bolster youth employment and training opportunities.Starting with a comprehensive analysis of the EU youth unemployment, it outlines the rationale for a public intervention supporting SMEs based vocational training programs for youth. In addition, it exposes the main instruments mobilized in this field by the EU institutions. Through a deep demand-driven firm level and regional analysis, it determines both the needs and expected returns of such initiatives.Eventually, these results associated with a review of some successful case studies, set out the most effective programmatic, policy and financing intervention types, which ought to be scaled up within the EU.
2014-02-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55849/1/MPRA_paper_55849.pdf
Floreani, Vincent Arthur (2014): Fixing Europe's youth unemployment and skills mismatch, can public financial support to SMEs be effective? The case of the European Commission and European Investment Bank joint initiatives.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56058
2019-09-30T13:14:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438
7375626A656374733D49:4932
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56058/
Job competition, employability and incentives for human capital formation
Shaked, Avner
Cristobal Campoamor, Adolfo
D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty
I2 - Education and Research Institutions
I24 - Education and Inequality
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
This note describes the effects on human capital formation of rank-order tournaments offering
identical prizes to a given share of the ranked contestants. This compensation scheme is thought
to resemble the selection processes in different areas of the public administration, particularly in
Southern European countries. In the presence of contestants with identical ability, the incentives
for educational effort are highest when the variance of final returns is maximized.
2014-05-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56058/1/MPRA_paper_56058.pdf
Shaked, Avner and Cristobal Campoamor, Adolfo (2014): Job competition, employability and incentives for human capital formation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56560
2019-09-30T17:45:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56560/
Fear itself: The effects of distressing economic news on birth outcomes
Carlson, Kyle
I10 - General
I12 - Health Behavior
J00 - General
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
I use new administrative data on mass layoffs and plant closings to study the effects of distressing economic news. Exposure to stressful events during pregnancy can impair fetal development. I find that announcement of impending job losses leads to a transient decrease in the mean birth weight within the firm’s county 1–4 months before the job losses. A loss of 500 jobs corresponds roughly to a decrease of 15–20 grams and 16 percent greater risk of low birth weight. Further analyses show that the initial effect results from curtailment of gestation, while slower intrauterine growth plays a later role.
2014-03-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56560/1/MPRA_paper_56560.pdf
Carlson, Kyle (2014): Fear itself: The effects of distressing economic news on birth outcomes.
en
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