2024-03-29T10:17:05Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:744
2019-09-26T22:34:40Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3236
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/744/
Long-term labour productivity and GDP projections for the EU25 Member States : a production function framework
Carone, Giuseppe
Denis, Cécile
Mc Morrow, Kieran
Mourre, Gilles
Röger, Werner
J1 - Demographic Economics
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This paper presents the results of long run labour productivity and GDP growth rate projections (until 2050) for each of the 25 EU Member States and provides a detailed overview of the forecast methodology used. These projections were undertaken in order to provide an internationally comparable macroeconomic framework against which to assess the potential economic and fiscal effects of ageing populations.
The projections presented in this paper, using a common production function methodology for all 25 countries, show the GDP growth rate effects of an assumptions-driven extrapolation of recent trends in employment and labour productivity. These base case projections reflect the working assumption of “no policy change”.Various sensitivity tests are carried out to check the GDP per capita impact of some factors which have been excluded from the baseline scenario for reasons of simplicity or because of a lack of consensus in the academic literature. Some of the interesting conclusions that emerge from these sensitivity tests include :
• Firstly, the GDP per capita impact of changes in the participation rate assumption used in the projections is much greater than for assumed changes in the share of part-time employment (i.e. in average hours worked per worker).
• Secondly, the negative effect of a change in the age-structure of the population is fairly limited, although it is accepted that the labour productivity of an individual is likely to decline after the age of 55. A very strong fall in the productivity of older workers compared with that of prime-age workers would be required to significantly depress total labour productivity. Such an outcome, on the basis of current evidence, appears rather unlikely.
• Thirdly, changing the TFP growth rate targets (e.g. use of the 1990’s average instead of the long-term 1970-2004 average) could strongly affect the projections.
• Finally, an assumption of productivity convergence in levels substantially alters the projections for most EU10 countries but leaves the EU15 almost unchanged.
JEL classific
2006-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/744/1/MPRA_paper_744.pdf
Carone, Giuseppe and Denis, Cécile and Mc Morrow, Kieran and Mourre, Gilles and Röger, Werner (2006): Long-term labour productivity and GDP projections for the EU25 Member States : a production function framework. Published in: European Economy-Economic Papers, European Commission-DG ECFIN No. 253 (June 2006): pp. 1-92.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1398
2019-09-29T07:33:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3531
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3530
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3532
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3338
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3538
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3236
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1398/
The Single-Mindedness of Labor Unions: Theory and Empirical Evidence
Canegrati, Emanuele
J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
J50 - General
J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation ; Collective Bargaining
J38 - Public Policy
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J58 - Public Policy
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
J20 - General
In this paper I analyse a labour market where the wage is endogenously determined according to an Efficient Bargaining process between a firm and a labour union whose members are partitioned into two social groups: the old and the young. Furthermore, I exploit the Single-Mindedness theory, which considers the existence of a density function which endogenously depends on leisure. I demonstrate that, when preferences of one group for leisure are higher than those of the other group the latter suffers from higher tax rates and with lower level of wage rates and lower levels of leisure. Finally, since the former is more single-minded, it may exploit its greater political power in order to get a positive intergenerational transfer. Empirical evidence from the WERS 2004 survey confirms main results of the model.
2007-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1398/1/MPRA_paper_1398.pdf
Canegrati, Emanuele (2007): The Single-Mindedness of Labor Unions: Theory and Empirical Evidence.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1828
2019-09-27T04:52:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1828/
Issues and problems in human resource development in the NER (India)
Mishra, SK
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J20 - General
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
The demographic canvas of the North Eastern Region of India (NER) is perhaps the most colourful and enchanting in the whole nation. We do not find in any other part of the country such a variety – anthropologically, socially, linguistically, culturally, economically, politically and historically diversified stock of mankind. If the biologists are correct to correlate diversity with survival, sustenance, development and growth, the NER possesses the most potent prospects for the same.
The human resources in any region have three aspects increasingly more important in the sequel: (1) physical fitness – relating to physical effort, easily captured by the number of workers, their general health (corporal), number of man-hours devoted to work, etc, (2) dexterity – agility, skill, expertise, ability, proficiency – inculcated by training, and (3) attitude, outlook and mindset – imbibed modernization ideals (in the sense of Gunnar Myrdal) and their practice at a mass level. This third aspect makes ‘soft resources’ or the ‘social capital.’ The first two aspects of human resources are generally considered in planning for development. A need to devise suitable and practical programs for preserving and generating social capital may not be overemphasized. It is a difficult area often bypassed by the economic planners under the umbrella of non-economic factors. But this neglect is anti-productive.
In this paper we have touched upon several aspects of human resource development issues and problems. First, the growth of population, very fast in the region demands immediate attention. It is not because growth of population by itself is undesirable. But when economic growth of a region does not lend support to growth of population, resources are spent on maintaining the life than enriching it. Secondly, we have noted the features of occupational distribution. Proportion of workers in the primary and the tertiary sectors are overwhelmingly large, while the secondary sector, most important for material prosperity, employs very small proportion of workers. If human resources are to be better utilized, industrialization of the NER economy is the first prerogative of planning for development. In the same tune, the region produces ‘educated’ manpower that suits the swelling tertiary sector at most and is possibly ‘unemployable‘ in the secondary sector. Once industrialization takes place, the demand for skilled manpower will increase. The existing educational institutions will have to start technical and professional education programs. Several new educational institutions will have to be started especially for technical and professional courses suiting to the need of the growing economy.
Urbanization in the region is on an increase. But it appears that it is largely due to urban accretion, peopled by the migrant rural inhabitants in search for some remunerative occupation. It is partly because there are no significant openings and opportunities in the rural areas and partly because the urban pull forces attract them from the rural areas. The educated youth from the rural areas seldom go back to their places of origin and stick on to the urban centers in search of some opportunities. Such urbanization overloads the urban infrastructure.
It is estimated that about 35% of the total population is below poverty line in the NER. Poverty is related to efficiency of the human resources and expenditure on removal of poverty is an investment. Industrialization of the regional economy would go far to remove poverty of the people in the region.
2003-10-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1828/1/MPRA_paper_1828.pdf
Mishra, SK (2003): Issues and problems in human resource development in the NER (India).
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2320
2019-10-01T08:14:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3236
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3532
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3538
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483231
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3531
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D44:4439:443931
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2320/
The single-mindedness of labor unions when transfers are not Lump-Sum
canegrati, emanuele
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
J23 - Labor Demand
H61 - Budget ; Budget Systems
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J18 - Public Policy
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation ; Collective Bargaining
J58 - Public Policy
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
H21 - Efficiency ; Optimal Taxation
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
H31 - Household
D91 - Intertemporal Household Choice ; Life Cycle Models and Saving
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
In this paper I analyse a labour market where the wage is endogenously
determined according to an Efficient Bargaining process
between a firm and a labour union whose members are partitioned
into two social groups: the old and the young. Furthermore, I exploit
the Single-Mindedness theory, which considers the existence of a density
function which endogenously depends on leisure. I demonstrate
that, when preferences of one group for leisure are higher than those
of the other group the latter suffers from higher tax rates and with
lower level of wage rates and lower levels of leisure. Finally, since the
former is more single-minded, it may exploit its greater political power
in order to get a positive intergenerational transfer which takes place
via labour income taxation. Empirical evidence from the WERS 2004
survey confirms main results of the model.
2007-03-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2320/1/MPRA_paper_2320.pdf
canegrati, emanuele (2007): The single-mindedness of labor unions when transfers are not Lump-Sum.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2457
2019-09-26T10:37:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473334
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D45:4534:453434
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2457/
The Labour Market Implications of Large-Scale Restructuring in the Banking Sector in Turkey
Kibritçioğlu, Aykut
G34 - Mergers ; Acquisitions ; Restructuring ; Corporate Governance
G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
This paper is concerned with the causes, timing and effects of banking sector restructuring and financial crisis in Turkey. The main focus of the study, however, is on labour market implications of the banking crisis and banking reform in recent years. The paper is organised as follows. Section 2 presents a brief summary of the macroeconomic background to the latest banking sector crisis in Turkey. In section 3, the efforts of recent Turkish Governments towards restructuring and rehabilitation of the banking sector are considered. Then, following a statistical review of the main features of the Turkish banking sector, section 4 focuses on the labour market problems that can be linked to the Government's restructuring and rehabilitation programme in banking. Section 5 draws some lessons from this restructuring programme. Finally, section 6 concludes with some remarks on future prospects in the banking sector.
2006-05-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2457/1/MPRA_paper_2457.pdf
Kibritçioğlu, Aykut (2006): The Labour Market Implications of Large-Scale Restructuring in the Banking Sector in Turkey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2735
2019-09-28T11:45:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453631
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2735/
Exact prediction of inflation in the USA
Ivan, Kitov
E61 - Policy Objectives ; Policy Designs and Consistency ; Policy Coordination
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
A linear and lagged relationship between inflation and labor force growth rate has been recently found for the USA. It accurately describes the period after the late 1950s with linear coefficient 4.0, intercept -0.03, and the lag of 2 years. The previously reported agreement between observed and predicted inflation is substantially improved by some simple measures removing the most obvious errors in the labor force time series. The labor force readings originally obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) website are corrected for step-like adjustments. Additionally, a half-year time shift between the inflation and the annual labor force readings is compensated. GDP deflator represents the inflation. Linear regression analysis demonstrates that the annual labor force growth rate used as a predictor explains almost 82% (R2=0.82) of the inflation variations between 1965 and 2002. Moving average technique applied to the annual time series results in a substantial increase in R2. It grows from 0.87 for two-year wide windows to 0.96 for four-year windows. Regression of cumulative curves is characterized by R2>0.999. This allows effective replacement of GDP deflation index by a “labor force growth” index.
The linear and lagged relationship provides a precise forecast at the two-year horizon with root mean square forecasting error (RMSFE) as low as 0.008 (0.8%) for the entire period between 1965 and 2002. For the last 20 years, RMSFE is only 0.4%. Thus, the forecast methodology effectively outperforms any other forecasting technique reported in economic and financial literature. Moreover, further significant improvements in the forecasting accuracy are accessible through improvements in the labor force measurements in line with the US Census Bureau population estimates, which are neglected by BLS.
2006-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2735/1/MPRA_paper_2735.pdf
Ivan, Kitov (2006): Exact prediction of inflation in the USA.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2736
2019-09-26T15:03:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453337
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2736/
Relationship between inflation, unemployment and labor force change rate in France: cointegration test
Kitov, Ivan
Kitov, Oleg
Dolinskaya, Svetlana
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
E37 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
A linear and lagged relationship between inflation, unemployment and labor force change rate, π(t)=A0UE(t-t0)+A1dLF(t-t1)/LF(t-t1)+A2 (where A0, A1, and A2 are empirical country-specific coefficients), was found for developed economies. The relationship obtained for France is characterized by A0=-1, A1=4, A2=0.095, t0=4 years, and t1=4 years. For GDP deflator, it provides a root mean square forecasting error (RMFSE) of 1.0% at a four-year horizon for the period between 1971 and 2004.
The relationship is tested for cointegration. All three variables involved in the relationship are proved to be integrated of order one. Two methods of cointegration testing are used. First is the Engle-Granger approach based on the unit root test in the residuals of linear regression, which also includes a number of specification tests. Second method is the Johansen cointegration rank test based on a VAR representation, which is also proved to be an adequate one via a set of appropriate tests. Both approaches demonstrate that the variables are cointegrated and the long-run equilibrium relation revealed in previous study holds together with statistical estimates of goodness-of-fit and RMSFE.
Relationships between inflation and labor force and between unemployment and labor force are tested separately in appropriate time intervals, where the Banque de France monetary policy introduced in 1995 does not disturb the long-term links. All the individual relationships are cointegrated in corresponding intervals.
The VAR and vector error correction (VEC) models are estimated and provide just a marginal improvement in RMSFE at the four-year horizon both for GDP deflator (down to 0.9%) and CPI (~1.1%) on the results obtained in the regression study. The VECM approach also allows re-estimation of the coefficients in the individual and generalized relationship between the variables both for cointegration rank 1 and 2.
Comparison of the standard cointegration approach to the integral approach to the estimation of the coefficients in the individual and generalized relationships between the studied variables demonstrates the superiority of the latter. The cumulative inflation curve or inflation index, which is the actually measured evolution of price level, is much better predicted in the framework of the integral approach, which is a powerful tool for revealing true relationships between non-stationary variables and can be potentially used for rejection of spurious regression. The cumulative curves allow avoiding obvious drawbacks of the VECM representation and cointegration tests – increasing signal to noise ratio after differentiation and severe dependence on statistical properties of error terms.
The confirmed validity of the linear lagged relationship between inflation, unemployment and labor force change indicates that since 1995 the Banque de France has been wrongly applying the policy fixing the monetary growth to the reference value around 4.5%. As a result of the policy, during the last ten years unemployment in France was twice as large as the one dictated by its long-term equilibrium link to labor force change. This increased unemployment compensates the forced price stability.
2007-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2736/1/MPRA_paper_2736.pdf
Kitov, Ivan and Kitov, Oleg and Dolinskaya, Svetlana (2007): Relationship between inflation, unemployment and labor force change rate in France: cointegration test.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2737
2019-09-26T08:23:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453337
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2737/
The Japanese economy
Kitov, Ivan
E37 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
The Japanese economic behavior is modeled. GDP evolution is represented as a sum two components: economic tend and fluctuations. The trend is an inverse function of GDP per capita with a constant numerator. The growth rate fluctuations are numerically equal to two thirds of the relative change in the number of eighteen-year-olds. Inflation is represented by a linear function of labor force change rate. The models provide an accurate description for the poor economic performance and deflation separately. Using the models, GDP per capita is predicted for the next ten years and recommendations are given to overcome deflation.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2737/1/MPRA_paper_2737.pdf
Kitov, Ivan (2006): The Japanese economy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2877
2019-10-02T04:31:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3236
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2877/
Vorausschätzungen für die Entwicklung der Gesamtbevölkerung und der Beschäftigung in Österreich bis 2035
Biehl, Kai
Fent, Thomas
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J18 - Public Policy
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
This paper investigates the future development of the Austrian population for the period from 2005 to 2035. The main focus of our investigation lies on the working age population and its age structure. Our calculations are based on the population projection released by Statistik Austria in 2005. We present three different scenarios with respect to age specific labour force participation rates and discuss their impact on the Austrian labour force. We show that both the main variant and the low migration variant of the population projection allow for an annual increase in the total size of labour force of 0.3% until the end of our observation period by applying labour force participation rates which are already put into practice in the Nordic countries. An increase in labour force participation rates does not only help to maintain an increase in the labour force but also leads to a more homogenous age distribution of the labour force.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2877/1/MPRA_paper_2877.pdf
Biehl, Kai and Fent, Thomas (2007): Vorausschätzungen für die Entwicklung der Gesamtbevölkerung und der Beschäftigung in Österreich bis 2035.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3079
2019-09-28T04:57:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3079/
What Happens to Wages After Displacement?
Kaplan, David
Martinez, Gabriel
Robertson, Raymond
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
Faced with limited resources, policymakers need to know when and where to target support for displaced workers. The academic literature offers little support, presenting wide-ranging results with no consistent explanation for the observed differences in wages after workers are displaced. In this paper, we demonstrate that the heterogeneity found in the literature is consistent with varying market conditions. The results suggest that support for displaced workers can be more efficiently allocated by considering the timing and location of displacement.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3079/1/MPRA_paper_3079.pdf
Kaplan, David and Martinez, Gabriel and Robertson, Raymond (2005): What Happens to Wages After Displacement? Published in: Journal of the Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association , Vol. 5, No. 2 (2005): pp. 197-234.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3703
2019-09-26T12:46:55Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3139
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D43:4331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3832
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3703/
Metodologia - O Sector Informal em Moçambique: Resultados do Primeiro Inquérito Nacional (2005)
Calzaroni, Manlio
Cappiello, Antonio
Della Rocca, Giorgio
Di Zio, Marco
Martelli, Cristina
Pieraccini, Guido
Profili, Francesco
Tembe, Cirilo
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
C10 - General
J23 - Labor Demand
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
C13 - Estimation: General
C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
J82 - Labor Force Composition
J01 - Labor Economics: General
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
The Republic of Mozambique is experiencing a significant social and economic change and needs an updated informative base to allow policy-makers to found their decision on reliable and comparable data. The fast development of the Non Observed Economy (NOE) was one of the most important consequences of the transformation of the Mozambican economy.
The Italian support Programme to the Mozambique National Statistical System , started in 2004, provided technical assistance for improving the quality of statistics for the Mozambican government according to best practices and international standards.
One of the most interesting component of the project was the definition of a methodology for the analysis of the NOE and the provision of a first estimate of the phenomenon through a survey carried out at national level. Within the consortium, led by ICstat, Istat was responsible for the component, with the technical support of experts from INE Mozambique and INE Portugal .
The NOE, as defined in the OECD Handbook for Measuring the Non Observed Economy, is one of the most relevant issues to be tackled in order to guarantee a correct comparison of the National Accounts variables and the exhaustiveness of National Accounts estimates, according to the System of National Accounts defined by the UN Handbook (SNA93), nowadays adopted by the majority of countries, that allows the correct comparison of their economic results.
At international level there has been considerable progress towards the harmonization of statistical concepts and methods, through the adoption by international organizations of common standards and recommendations: 15th International Conference of Labour Statistics – Recommendation on employment statistics in the informal sector (1993); 3rd Revision of the United Nation’s System of National Accounts, which indicated how the informal sector should be treated in the accounts; the OECD Handbook, which also draws on the SNA93 for the terms used in the definition of NOE.
Statistical information about the informal sector and small enterprises in Mozambique is still very sketchy in spite of their major economic significance: the informal sector is in fact directly linked to the main objectives of development (increased production, job creation, combating poverty).
Therefore, strong attention has been paid to this component and in particular to the implementation of a specific survey for gathering the information necessary for the assessment of the methodology and the estimation of the sector. In this sense, the main commitment of the project was to strengthen INE Mozambique’s statistical capacity, in order both to approach the NOE sector according to international standards and to carry out, for the first time, a survey based on sound and exhaustive methodology.
The aim of this handbook is twofold:
• To focus on the experience derived from the project’s component, describing the strategies adopted and the steps implemented to define an ad-hoc methodology within the social and economic contextual factors which takes into account the national statistical environment and the international statistical framework (international standards, assessment of the Informal Sector in Mozambique, questionnaire, survey techniques and final estimations). The methods and techniques presented for approaching the informal sector study could represent a reference for future analysis on this phenomenon and for repeating similar surveys.
• To present the results of the survey with the main information on the sector and a first analysis of it.
Although the Mozambique reality represents a peculiar case, the value added of the project’s component lies in the fact that the experiences gained and the good practices adopted can be a reference model for those countries that are currently experiencing a development phase with socio-economic features comparable with those of the Mozambican economy.
The results of the survey are useful for more exhaustive estimations for National Accounts and, at the same time, represent a benchmark of social evaluation for planning poverty reduction strategies (PARPA). Moreover, with this survey INE Mozambique has analysed the agricultural production (in most cases represented by “production for auto-consumption”), often coming from secondary activities of households which are located in the urban area and that, as main activity, conduct extra-agricultural activities.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3703/1/MPRA_paper_3703.pdf
Calzaroni, Manlio and Cappiello, Antonio and Della Rocca, Giorgio and Di Zio, Marco and Martelli, Cristina and Pieraccini, Guido and Profili, Francesco and Tembe, Cirilo (2006): Metodologia - O Sector Informal em Moçambique: Resultados do Primeiro Inquérito Nacional (2005). Published in: , Vol. O Sect, No. © 2006 Instituto Nacional de Estatística, Maputo, Moçambique (2006)
pt
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3721
2019-09-26T12:00:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3721/
Adaptabilité et complexité: les choix éducatifs et technologiques sont-ils efficaces?
Decreuse, Bruno
Granier, Pierre
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
I20 - General
J60 - General
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
European labour markets have known three major changes over the past three decades : the complexification of the technological environment, the growth of general education across the workforce, and rising unemployment. Taken together, do these facts reflect the inefficiency of schooling and technological decisions ? Our answer takes place in a matching model of unemployment in which firms choose technological complexity, and workers educate to improve their adaptability. We show economic policy should focus on the labour market and the education system rather than on firms’ technological choices.
2004-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3721/1/MPRA_paper_3721.pdf
Decreuse, Bruno and Granier, Pierre (2004): Adaptabilité et complexité: les choix éducatifs et technologiques sont-ils efficaces?
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4851
2019-09-28T22:42:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4851/
Wages and Employment in the Liberalised Regime: A Study of Indian Manufacturing Sector
Majumder, Rajarshi
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J23 - Labor Demand
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
L60 - General
Expansion of earning opportunities and increment in earning levels are dual objectives of policymakers in developing countries. The structural adjustment programme in India tried to ensure both through higher growth targets, and manufacturing sector has seen the most sweeping changes. It is now being suggested that the current jobless growth is due to high wages. The present paper examines the veracity of this by examining the trends in employment and earnings in this sector over the nineties and analysing the factors affecting them. Most of the employment expansion has been in the unorganised sector where wages have stagnated. Though real wages in the factories have declined employment therein has not increased. Interestingly, both wages and employment have increased in the mid-sized units. The relationship is therefore neither unidirectional nor exhaustive. Proper mix of labour flexibility, resource availability, and scale economies would bring dynamism to the sector and increase both employment and earnings.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4851/1/MPRA_paper_4851.pdf
Majumder, Rajarshi (2006): Wages and Employment in the Liberalised Regime: A Study of Indian Manufacturing Sector. Published in: Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 49, No. 4 (December 2006)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4865
2019-10-03T04:44:13Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4865/
The Changing World of Work and No-Work
Mukherjee, Dipa
J68 - Public Policy
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
J23 - Labor Demand
Inadequate utilisation of available manpower is a perennial problem in India, with Open Unemployment (OU) being a major evil. Two other issues that have often been sidelined are Lack of Regular employment (Underemployment or Semi-Open Unemployment SOU), and Lack of Adequate Returns from jobs (incidence of poverty among more or less regular workers or Non-Employment NE). The present paper explores both National and Regional aspects of these issues, their trends and patterns, and also their various correlates. Four NSSO Surveys (1983-84, 1987-88, 1993-94, 1999-2000) are considered. This enables us to consider movements during 1993-99 as Post-Reform trends. The results indicate increased casualisation and polarisation of workforce in the post-reforms era. These are also closely associated with socio-economic inequality and decline in living standards. Policies like growth impetus, flexible technology, infrastructural expansion and public expenditure programme will go a long way in solving these problems.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4865/1/MPRA_paper_4865.pdf
Mukherjee, Dipa (2003): The Changing World of Work and No-Work. Published in: Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 46, No. 4 (2003)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4866
2019-09-30T08:06:25Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4866/
Informal Manufacturing Sector in India: Pre and Post Reform Growth Dynamics
Mukherjee, Dipa
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
J23 - Labor Demand
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
L60 - General
The informal manufacturing sector (IMS) in India has been a major part of the economy. Whether its growth is due to entry of people in distress, or whether it is a vibrant and growth oriented sector is debatable. In this paper, the growth dynamics of IMS in India over the period 1984 to 2000 is explored with special reference to the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) and plausible factors determining the growth pattern are sought to be identified. This growth is observed to be neither smooth nor uniform. The IMS cannot be labelled either a distress driven sink or a dynamic alternative economic avenue in blanket term as existence of both the segments are detected. While sustainability of the distress driven segment is questionable, the dynamic segment is likely to act as the engine of future growth. Distinctly different sets of policies are recommended for the two different segments of IMS.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4866/1/MPRA_paper_4866.pdf
Mukherjee, Dipa (2004): Informal Manufacturing Sector in India: Pre and Post Reform Growth Dynamics. Published in: Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 47, No. 2 (2004)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4873
2019-09-28T05:30:25Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523130
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4873/
Changing Role of Women: A Study of Small Manufacturing Enterprises in India
Mukherjee, Dipa
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
R10 - General
L60 - General
Women's position in the labour market is quite vulnerable and they face widespread discrimination, especially in the informal sector. This position is changing, both quantitatively and qualitatively, and there is a marked trend towards feminisation of workforce. This paper focuses on this changing position of women in the informal manufacturing sector in India over the 1989-2000 period. The share of women in total employment is declining in the sectors traditionally labeled for women and increasing in the non-traditional sectors. Distribution of women employment is becoming more evenly spread across both activity groups and regions. Widespread casualisation emerges to be a prominent phenomenon. Poverty, literacy and per capita income are identified as important determinants of incidence of women employment. In recent years women's participation seems to be less distress driven. Regulations regarding minimum wage, mass literacy campaign along with vocational and on the job training are some of the policy suggestions.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4873/1/MPRA_paper_4873.pdf
Mukherjee, Dipa (2005): Changing Role of Women: A Study of Small Manufacturing Enterprises in India. Published in: Journal of Economic & Social Development , Vol. II, No. 2 (2006)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4874
2019-09-26T11:48:31Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3338
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4874/
State Intervention and Labour Market in India: Issues and Options
Mukherjee, Dipa
J38 - Public Policy
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J23 - Labor Demand
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
State interventions into Labour policies in India are directed towards ensuring both job security and income security. In this paper we look at likely impact of such policies. The laws are found to serve the organised workers primarily while large masses of unorganised workers are without any security. To escape legislations, employers have substituted labour by capital, hired casual workers, and set up ancillary units. Consequently, output elasticity of employment has consistently declined and there is marked casualisation of workforce. Legislations have thus institutionalised and perpetuated labour market dualism. Reforms herein are necessary but should be implemented in a careful and phased manner to avoid deteriorating conditions in both the sectors in the name of uniformity. Linking retrenchment with Area Regeneration Programmes; upgrading employability quotient through training; allowing employers to transfer workers between units; providing easy credit and technical consultancy; and cooperative formation would help the workers.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4874/1/MPRA_paper_4874.pdf
Mukherjee, Dipa (2005): State Intervention and Labour Market in India: Issues and Options. Forthcoming in: State, Labour and Development: An Indian Perspective, (ed) K K Bagchi, (forthcoming), Serials Publications, New Delhi
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5594
2019-09-30T23:15:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5594/
The Relationship Among African American Male Earnings, Employment, Incarceration and Immigration: A Time Series Approach
Stevans, Lonnie
J23 - Labor Demand
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
The advent of rising immigration has spurred research into a number of important issues insofar as the indigenous labor market is concerned. Some of these issues regarding the nature of the effect on native workers have been studied extensively. Others, like the interrelationships among immigration flows, African-American male earnings, employment, and incarceration rates have not been widely examined. In this paper, the association among these non-stationary variables is studied in the framework of a Vector Error Correction model and the associated cointegrating relationship. We find no statistically significant association among immigration, Black male employment rates, and Black male incarceration rates over the period 1962-2006, ceteris paribus.
2007-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5594/1/MPRA_paper_5594.pdf
Stevans, Lonnie (2007): The Relationship Among African American Male Earnings, Employment, Incarceration and Immigration: A Time Series Approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5606
2019-09-28T19:23:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3236
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3238
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5606/
Does Working Longer Make People Healthier and Happier?
Calvo, Esteban
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
I10 - General
I12 - Health Behavior
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
J28 - Safety ; Job Satisfaction ; Related Public Policy
PURPOSE: This study addresses the impact of late-life paid work on physical and psychological well-being. METHODS: Longitudinal data was drawn from the Health and Retirement Survey and the RAND-HRS data base for more than 6,000 individuals aged 59 to 69 who were working or not-working in the year 2000 and were alive in 2002. Well-being was assessed by using a set of six measures including: self-rated health; self-rated memory; activities of daily living; instrumental activities of daily living and mood indicators. The study controls for previous well-being status in 1998 and for demographic and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS: Those who worked in 2000 tended to report greater well-being in 2002 than those who did not work in 2000, even after introducing rigorous controls (p<.01). Working in undesirable jobs changes the favorable effects of paid work on mood indicators and mortality. For those forced into retirement (20% of the sample), work is not an alternative. IMPLICATIONS: This study suggests that late-life work will help most people maintain their overall well-being. While working longer seems beneficial for most people, it will likely have negative consequences for some. The type of job seems to be a critical factor. Another critical factor is the opportunity to continue working. Older workers may be willing to prolong paid work, but, in order to find a job, they need to be able to work and have a real demand for their labor. Gerontologists and policymakers need to consider these factors when evaluating proposals to keep people in the labor force.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5606/1/MPRA_paper_5606.pdf
Calvo, Esteban (2006): Does Working Longer Make People Healthier and Happier?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5737
2019-09-29T05:00:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5737/
Start-up success of freelancers New microeconometric evidence from the German Socio-Economic Panel
Merz, Joachim
Paic, Peter
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
D10 - General
J23 - Labor Demand
If certain start-up characteristics will indicate a business success, knowing such characteristics
could generate more successful start-ups and more efficient start-up counseling. Our study
will contribut e to this by quantifying individual success determinants of freelance start-ups.
The data base for the microeconometric analyses of the survival of the first three years is a
revised German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for 1992 until 2002, which allows to
incorporate institutional, personal and family/household socio-economic variables. We
describe and discuss the datawork to achieve compatible information over time within a
revised GSOEP and present microeconometric rare events logit, logit and probit results.
The start-up success measured as the probability to survive the first three years is first of all
influenced by an active labour force participation with its acquired skills and working
experiences just before the start-up period (rank 1), followed by a non-university degree as
the highest general human capital indicator (rank 2), a general (non-linear) experience
indicated by age (rank 3) and the business related background (rank 4) as the type of liberal
profession in the group of the liberal medical professions and the liberal technical and
scientific professions.
2006-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5737/1/MPRA_paper_5737.pdf
Merz, Joachim and Paic, Peter (2006): Start-up success of freelancers New microeconometric evidence from the German Socio-Economic Panel.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5743
2019-09-26T17:32:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5743/
Polarisierung der Einkommen von Selbständigen? Zur Dynamik der Einkommensverteilung und der hohen Einkommen von Selbstständigen und abhängig Beschäftigten
Merz, Joachim
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
Ist eine Polarisierung der Einkommen von Selbständigen festzustellen? Wie hat sich damit die
Einkommensverteilung insgesamt und wie haben sich hohe Einkommen von Selbständigen
und abhängig Beschäftigten seit den neunziger Jahren entwickelt? Das sind die zentralen
Fragen, die wir in diesem Beitrag angehen wollen. Wir thematisieren insbesondere die
Situation der Selbständigen im Vergleich zu den abhängig Beschäftigten, den zwei zentralen
Gruppen des Arbeitsmarktes, die für die Ökonomie insgesamt von besonderer Bedeutung
sind. Unsere Datenbasis, die anonymisierten Individualdaten der Einkommensteuerstatistik,
ist jedoch gerade für die Analyse der nur selten untersuchten Selbständigen die wohl
aussagekräftigste Datenbasis hierzu, zum einen wegen ihres Vollerhebungscharakters und
zum anderen wegen ihrer detaillierten Steuer- und Einkommensinformationen gerade für die
Analyse hoher Einkommen. Wir analysieren die aktuelle Einkommensverteilung insgesamt
für Selbständige sowie für die abhängig Beschäftigten, untersuchen dann die Dynamik der
Einkommensverteilung seit 1992 bis 2003 und stellen dann Ergebnisse zu hohen Einkommen,
zu Einkommensreichtum, im Zeitverlauf dar. Mit diesem umfassenden empirischen
Hintergrund geben wir schließlich eine Antwort auf die Polarisierungsfrage.
2006-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5743/1/MPRA_paper_5743.pdf
Merz, Joachim (2006): Polarisierung der Einkommen von Selbständigen? Zur Dynamik der Einkommensverteilung und der hohen Einkommen von Selbstständigen und abhängig Beschäftigten.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5846
2019-09-26T18:19:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5846/
Einstellungschancen von Älteren – Wie wirkt der Schwellenwert im Kündigungsschutz?
Burgert, Derik
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J23 - Labor Demand
Ein häufig genannter Vorschlag zur Flexibilisierung des deutschen Arbeitsmarktes ist die
Lockerung des Kündigungsschutzgesetzes. Es findet Anwendung für Betriebe, die einen
Schwellenwert an Mitarbeitern überschreiten. Die zu untersuchende These ist die, dass diese
Schwelle Kleinbetriebe daran hindert Einstellungen vorzunehmen. Änderungen im
Schwellenwert in den späten 1990er Jahren bilden die Basis für die Schätzung dieses Effektes
mittels eines Regression Discontinuity Designs. Lokale Treatmenteffekte können nichtparametrisch
geschätzt werden. Das Papier ist das erste, das die oben genannten
Gesetzesänderungen benutzt, um unter minimalen Annahmen der Modellspezifikation für
Selbst-Selektion zu kontrollieren. Die Ergebnisse stimmen mit früheren Untersuchungen
überein, die keine beschäftigungshemmenden Effekte für Kleinbetriebe nachweisen konnten.
2006-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5846/1/MPRA_paper_5846.pdf
Burgert, Derik (2006): Einstellungschancen von Älteren – Wie wirkt der Schwellenwert im Kündigungsschutz?
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5855
2019-09-27T11:56:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5855/
Erfolgsfaktoren freiberuflicher Existenzgründung Neue mikroökonometrische Ergebnisse mit Daten des Sozio-ökonomischen Panels
Merz, Joachim
Paic, Peter
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
D10 - General
J23 - Labor Demand
Wenn bestimmte Charakteristika einer freiberuflichen Existenzgründung einen Hinweis auf einen
entsprechenden Geschäftserfolg geben könnten, dann könnte das Wissen um sie eine erfolgreiche
Gründung unterstützen und eine entsprechende Beratung effizienter gestalten lassen. Unsere Studie
will hierzu einen Beitrag leisten und individuelle Erfolgscharakteristika einer freiberuflichen
Gründung quantifizieren. Die Datenbasis der mikroökonometrischen Analysen für ein dreijähriges
Überleben als Erfolgsindikator ist das überarbeitete Sozio-ökonomische Panel (SOEP) für die Jahre
1992 bis 2002. Diese Datenbasis erlaubt es insbesondere institutionelle, personelle und familiale
Charakteristika des mikro-sozialen Umfeldes einer Gründung einzubeziehen. Wir beschreiben und
diskutieren die Arbeit an der Datenbereinigung, um kompatible individuelle Informationen über die
Zeit innerhalb des sozio-ökonomischen Panels zu erhalten und präsentieren die Resultate
verschiedener Analysemethoden (Rare Events Logit-, Logit- und Probit- Ansatz). Als wichtige
Prädiktoren schälen sich heraus: die Gründung aus einer unmittelbaren Erwerbsätigkeit heraus, eine
nicht akademische Ausbildung, allgemeine Lebenserfahrung (nichtlinear) über das Alter, und der
geschäftliche Hintergrund des freiberuflichen Berufsfeldes aus den Freien Heilberufen und den Freien
technischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Berufen.
2006-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5855/1/MPRA_paper_5855.pdf
Merz, Joachim and Paic, Peter (2006): Erfolgsfaktoren freiberuflicher Existenzgründung Neue mikroökonometrische Ergebnisse mit Daten des Sozio-ökonomischen Panels.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6444
2019-10-03T14:34:12Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3633
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513232
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6444/
New Methodological Approaches for Change in Traditional Sectors: The Case of the Portuguese Fisheries Socio-Economic System
Moniz, António
Godinho, Manuel M.
J63 - Turnover ; Vacancies ; Layoffs
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
Q22 - Fishery ; Aquaculture
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
This paper summarises the methodological approach and main results of the MARHE project (Employment and Human Resources in the Fisheries Socio-Economic System). This project had as its main aim the search for alternative futures for the fisheries sector in Portugal, with particular attention being paid to the human resources situation and the working and living conditions of the fisheries-dependent populations in the coastal areas. This is a particularly interesting case, since fisheries were once an important activity and they are now in deep recession, even though it is generally recognised that the future utilisation of maritime resources offer an immense potential. As part of the research, a Delphi exercise was implemented involving in two successive stages some of the leading actors and experts dealing with the sector in Portugal. Other initiatives were held in the context of the MARHE project providing direct and indirect inputs to the scenarios and recommendations that were put forward in the sequence of the Delphi exercise. Overall the activities described in the paper contributed to the mobilisation of major actors and to discussions that may have practical implication for the future of the sector, if certain conditions are now met in the follow up to the project.
2000-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6444/1/MPRA_paper_6444.pdf
Moniz, António and Godinho, Manuel M. (2000): New Methodological Approaches for Change in Traditional Sectors: The Case of the Portuguese Fisheries Socio-Economic System. Published in: Économies et Sociétés , Vol. Série, No. 5 (2000): pp. 63-77.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6588
2019-09-30T17:13:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3830
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6588/
Labour Market Policy in Portugal
Moniz, António
J80 - General
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
K31 - Labor Law
The Portuguese National Action Plan for Employment (NAP) is the main instrument for the labour market policy. It was adopted in 1998. The NAP transposes to the Portuguese reality the contents of such guidelines, with the adequate adjustments required by the national specificities, establishing objectives, quantified targets and action deadlines, as well as defining new programmes and measures. Therefore, the objectives of the labour market policy were focusing on the promotion of an adequate transition of the youngsters in active life, on the promotion of social and professional insertion and fight against long term unemployment and exclusion, on the improvement of basic and professional qualification of the working population in a perspective of lifelong training, namely as a way to prevent unemployment phenomena, and on the preventive management and follow-up of sectoral restructuring processes.
2002-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6588/2/MPRA_paper_6588.pdf
Moniz, António (2002): Labour Market Policy in Portugal.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6887
2019-09-28T19:44:38Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6887/
Information Society, Work and the Generation of New Forms of Social Exclusion (SOWING): National Report (Portugal)
Moniz, António
Gomes, Cláudia
Machado, Tiago
Urze, Paula
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
A14 - Sociology of Economics
The choice over the Portuguese case studies was based on the sample constructed for the application of the firm questionnaires, during the second year of the SOWING project, 1999. This sample was fulfilled of firms among several activity sectors: textile, manufacturing, electronics, transports and software industry, based on NACE – codes (2 – digit level). Thus, we agreed to include in a new database the remaining questionnaires and construct a sample with 113 observations. Concerning the organisational change we make a distinction of three categories of change. First we analyse changes taking place at the inter-firm level (outsourcing, subcontracting, geographic relocation), followed by changes at the organisational level (deconcentration/decentralisation, reduction of hierarchical levels, introduction of cost and profit centres). The third kind of changes analysed will be those taking place at the workplace level (job enlargement/enrichment, changing character of work, work load).
The Portuguese studied companies presents a relative uniform pattern considering the variables social competencies, practical knowledge, responsibility and specialized professional qualifications.
2001-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6887/1/MPRA_paper_6887.pdf
Moniz, António and Gomes, Cláudia and Machado, Tiago and Urze, Paula (2001): Information Society, Work and the Generation of New Forms of Social Exclusion (SOWING): National Report (Portugal). Published in: SOWING Reports No. PT case studies (January 2001): pp. 1-69.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6949
2019-09-29T11:24:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6949/
Search externalities with crowding-out effects
Decreuse, Bruno
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J23 - Labor Demand
We propose a static search model with two types of workers, output sharing (Nash bargaining), and free entry of firms. The matching function is specified so as the unskilled do not create congestion effects for the skilled. An increase in the share of skilled workers has two effects on the welfare of the unskilled: a negative crowding-out effect, and a positive labour demand effect. The former (latter) effect dominates whenever the skill differential is small (large).
2008-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6949/1/MPRA_paper_6949.pdf
Decreuse, Bruno (2008): Search externalities with crowding-out effects.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6967
2019-09-27T07:57:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3132
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3534
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3438
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3832
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6967/
Main features of the labour policy in Portugal
Moniz, António
Woll, Tobias
M12 - Personnel Management ; Executives; Executive Compensation
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
M54 - Labor Management
J48 - Public Policy
J82 - Labor Force Composition
J68 - Public Policy
In this working paper is presented information on the Portuguese labour market developed with the support of the European project WORKS-“Work organisation and restructuring in the knowledge society”. Is still a on the process article and thus commentaries are welcome.
The structure is based on the following topics:
a) The employment policy (Time regimes - time use, flexibility, part-time work, work-life balance -, and the work contracts regimes – wages, contract types, diversity); b) Education and training (skilling outcomes, rules on retraining and further training, employability schemes, transferability of skills);
c) Equal opportunities (relevance of equal opportunity regulation for restructuring outcomes, the role of gender and age regulation);
d) Restructuring effects (policy on transfer of personnel, policy on redundancies, and participation or voice in restructuring).
2007-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6967/1/MPRA_paper_6967.pdf
Moniz, António and Woll, Tobias (2007): Main features of the labour policy in Portugal. Published in: IET Working Papers Series No. 02 (November 2007): pp. 1-13.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6970
2019-10-01T22:25:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493239
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503137
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3632
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3233
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3534
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6970/
Competitividade no sector automóvel e formas inovadoras de gestão do emprego em Portugal
Moniz, António
I29 - Other
P17 - Performance and Prospects
L62 - Automobiles ; Other Transportation Equipment ; Related Parts and Equipment
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
L23 - Organization of Production
M54 - Labor Management
M12 - Personnel Management ; Executives; Executive Compensation
If indicators of international competitivity of the Portuguese industry reveal very strong weaknesses in the field of education and vocational training, the achievement of a solution is not based only (and should not!) in a decisive increase of investment and support in the education and training system. It seem not logical to think in that way, once normally when one tries to solve a problem that is done in the context of that same problem. Eventually there are other strategies. Which are, then, the fields where is necessary to orient the investiment to improve an industrial competitivity?
To try to answer this question, we analise one of the sectors that have contributed the most for an improvement of the Portuguese economical performance, and for a true innovative process as in terms of industrial product, or in terms of manufacturing and distribution processes. Is the automotive sector where that happens, taken in its two most important sub-sectors: the one of automobile manufacturing and assembly, and the one of components manufacturing.
2006-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6970/1/MPRA_paper_6970.pdf
Moniz, António (2006): Competitividade no sector automóvel e formas inovadoras de gestão do emprego em Portugal.
pt
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7012
2019-09-26T10:03:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4433
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3434
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D44:4431
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7012/
Extended Income Inequality and Poverty Dynamics of Labour Market and Household Activities A Ten Years Microanalysis with the German Socio-Economic Panel
Merz, Joachim
Kirsten, Dagmar
D3 - Distribution
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J44 - Professional Labor Markets ; Occupational Licensing
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics
J23 - Labor Demand
Labour market dynamics according the individual working hour tension (preferred working
hours minus actual working hours) of active people with focus on the self-employed, as
professions and entrepreneurs, and employees are investigated in our study. The individual
longitudinal analysis based on panel data allows us to follow the individual process of working
time preferences and actual outcomes in its individual convergence/divergence balancing
process in the course of time. Our microanalytic and paneleconometric results (with pooled,
one and two factor fixed and random effects models) quantify the working hour tension
developments and its determinants in a decade from the mid 80s to the mid 90s. Microdata
base is the German Socio-Economic Panel with ten waves from 1985 to 1994. Finally, we
discuss impacts of our results for labour market strategies and a targeted economic and social
policy.
1998-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7012/1/MPRA_paper_7012.pdf
Merz, Joachim and Kirsten, Dagmar (1998): Extended Income Inequality and Poverty Dynamics of Labour Market and Household Activities A Ten Years Microanalysis with the German Socio-Economic Panel.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7228
2019-09-26T18:29:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7228/
Freie Berufe in der DDR, der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und im wiedervereinigten Deutschland: Auswertungen von Berufstätigenerhebung und Arbeitsstättenzählung
Rönnau, Andreas
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J20 - General
J23 - Labor Demand
Auch fünf Jahre nach der Wiedervereinigung gibt es neben dem Mikrozensus nur eine -
zweitgeteilte - Datenquelle, durch die die Struktur aller Freiberufler und ihrer Büros und Praxen
in Ost- und Westdeutschland analysiert werden kann.
In einem ersten Teil der Arbeit wird die jährlich durchgeführte Totalstatistik der DDR, die
'Berufstätigenerhebung', vorgestellt und bezüglich der Struktur der Freien Berufe in der DDR
für das Jahr 1989 ausgewertet. Die Berufstätigenerhebung wurde 1990 ein letztes Mal
durchgeführt, vor dem Hintergrund der absehbaren Wiedervereinigung paßte man sich diesmal
an die Struktur der westdeutschen 'Arbeitsstättenzählung' an. In einem zweiten Schritt dieses
Papiers wird diese westdeutsche Arbeitsstättenzählung vorgestellt, die zuletzt 1987 durchgeführt
wurde und die alten Bundesländer und West-Berlin abdeckte.
Abschließend wird die Struktur der Freien Berufe in Ost- und Westdeutschland miteinander
verglichen. Dabei deuten die dokumentierten Werte für die neuen Bundesländer auf die
schlaglichtartig erfaßte Existenzgründungsphase der Freiberufler hin, die zum Zeitpunkt der
Erhebung weder bezüglich ihres Anteils an den Selbständigen noch bezüglich des Anteils der
Beschäftigten an den Beschäftigten insgesamt die Werte erreicht haben, die mittelfristig
aufgrund der bestehenden Struktur in den alten Bundesländern erwartet werden können.
1995-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7228/1/MPRA_paper_7228.pdf
Rönnau, Andreas (1995): Freie Berufe in der DDR, der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und im wiedervereinigten Deutschland: Auswertungen von Berufstätigenerhebung und Arbeitsstättenzählung.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8043
2019-09-27T10:50:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503438
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453236
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8043/
Active Measures for Stimulating the Employment of Labour Force and its Impact in the Gorj County
Ecobici, N
Paliu-Popa, L
E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
P48 - Political Economy ; Legal Institutions ; Property Rights ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Regional Studies
E26 - Informal Economy ; Underground Economy
J23 - Labor Demand
In Romania the government tried to stimulate the employment trough active measures since 2002. Therefore, there are two types of measures: one that attempts to increase the chances of employment of the persons that are looking to work. These measures include the following: job-matching services, information and counselling services, organizing vocational training courses, benefits granting to the unemployed who take up employment before the end of the period of entitlement to the unemployment benefit, the stimulation of the labour force mobility. The other one is destined to stimulate employment of the unemployed (unemployed over 45 years or single providers for the monoparental family, unemployed who are three years away from pension, graduates, disabled persons) and create new jobs through granting loans to SME’s for new jobs creation. In fact, the paper is a guide of the active measures used to employment in Romania. In the end, we present the impact of those measures calculated for Gorj County till December 2006.
2007-04-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8043/2/MPRA_paper_8043.pdf
Ecobici, N and Paliu-Popa, L (2007): Active Measures for Stimulating the Employment of Labour Force and its Impact in the Gorj County. Published in: Labour market and the role of education, Proceedings of International Scientific Round Table, Austrian Science and Research Liaison Office Ljubljana Sofia, University of Maribor, Slovenia, Faculty of Economics, Constantin Brancusi University of Targu Jiu No. ISBN 978-961-6354-74-5 (2008): pp. 42-62.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8046
2019-09-27T11:40:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493239
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503137
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3632
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3233
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3534
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8046/
Competitividade no sector automóvel e formas inovadoras de gestão do emprego em Portugal
Moniz, António
I29 - Other
P17 - Performance and Prospects
L62 - Automobiles ; Other Transportation Equipment ; Related Parts and Equipment
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
L23 - Organization of Production
M54 - Labor Management
M12 - Personnel Management ; Executives; Executive Compensation
If indicators of international competitivity of the Portuguese industry reveal very strong weaknesses in the field of education and vocational training, the achievement of a solution is not based only (and should not!) in a decisive increase of investment and support in the education and training system. It seem not logical to think in that way, once normally when one tries to solve a problem that is done in the context of that same problem. Eventually there are other strategies. Which are, then, the fields where is necessary to orient the investiment to improve an industrial competitivity?
To try to answer this question, we analise one of the sectors that have contributed the most for an improvement of the Portuguese economical performance, and for a true innovative process as in terms of industrial product, or in terms of manufacturing and distribution processes. Is the automotive sector where that happens, taken in its two most important sub-sectors: the one of automobile manufacturing and assembly, and the one of components manufacturing.
2006-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8046/1/MPRA_paper_8046.pdf
Moniz, António (2006): Competitividade no sector automóvel e formas inovadoras de gestão do emprego em Portugal.
pt
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8292
2019-09-27T03:29:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8292/
Family Types, Authority Structure and Women Workers in Sindh Labor Force: Problems and Prospects
Wasim, Mohammad Pervez
Herani, Gobind M.
Farooqui, Wahid
Qureshi, M. A
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J71 - Discrimination
J12 - Marriage ; Marital Dissolution ; Family Structure ; Domestic Abuse
The development of a society is virtually dependent upon the quality of human resources both male and female, the changing pattern of economic and social development of world societies irrespective of their level of development, necessitates and equal advancement of both the social segments. The numerical reality that women constitute about nearly half of the total population of Sindh ideally assigns to them equal participating role in the economic life of the province. However, like other developing countries, women’s role in Sindh as an active worker-producer of goods and services has not been duly recognized by this male dominated society. With the objective of ensuring increased participation of women, clear-cut guidelines about integrating women in the development process and defining their roles are still lacking in Sindh. The present study is a step in the direction of bridging the gap of information about female labor force participation of Sindh in different, activity rates, industry group, occupation group and employment status in 1981 and 1998 population census. The most important conclusion that emerges from this study is that though percentage of women labor force in different, activities, industry group, occupation group and employment status has mostly increased in 1998 as compared to 1981, but being nearly half of the population this increase is still very low.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8292/1/MPRA_paper_8292.pdf
Wasim, Mohammad Pervez and Herani, Gobind M. and Farooqui, Wahid and Qureshi, M. A (2008): Family Types, Authority Structure and Women Workers in Sindh Labor Force: Problems and Prospects. Published in: Indus Journal of Management & Social Sciences , Vol. 2, No. 1 (April 2008): pp. 29-49.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10009
2019-10-01T10:27:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10009/
Job Turnover in Irish Manufacturing, 1972-2006
Lawless, Martina
Murphy, Alan
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J23 - Labor Demand
While growth in output and employment remains relatively strong in the Irish economy, there has been considerable focus recently on some high-profile job losses, particularly in the manufacturing sector. This paper places these developments within a broader context
and shows that aggregate changes in the net number of jobs arise from large numbers of firms both increasing and decreasing employment simultaneously at all points in time.
Even at the height of the Celtic Tiger boom when employment grew by 8 percent, this was the result of 15 percent growth in jobs by expanding firms offset by 7 percent of positions being eliminated in firms that were contracting their workforces. One important feature of job flows is that they may contribute to productivity growth by allowing movements from low to high productivity firms. To a degree, this reflects the re-allocation of jobs from declining sectors to expanding sectors, but this is not a
comprehensive explanation. A significant factor underlying job flows is the reallocation within sectors from under-performing firms to expanding firms. This study also shows
that productivity growth is, on balance, positive for employment growth, as it results, more often than not, in increased employment and higher earnings rather than job losses. On the other hand, these calculations also show how hard it is for policy-makers to identify firms that will be employment and productivity growth winners.
2008-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10009/1/MPRA_paper_10009.pdf
Lawless, Martina and Murphy, Alan (2008): Job Turnover in Irish Manufacturing, 1972-2006.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10354
2019-09-26T11:04:47Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3431
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10354/
Quando le farfalle mettono le ali. Osservazioni sull'ingresso delle donne nel lavoro dipendente
Tattara, Giuseppe
Canu, Rita
J41 - Labor Contracts
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J23 - Labor Demand
The entrance of young people in the labour market at older ages than in the past is correlated to the increased trend in education. Both these changes, the delay in entrances and the increase in the number of years spent at school, are much more marked in the case of women. One additional school year has a larger return in the case of women than in the case of men as a better education is associated with the possible choice of a job ‘nice, clean and respectable’, and this is more relevant for women than for men, in particular in the Veneto small firms milieu, and because education performs an ‘insurance’ role which palys a major role in the case of women.
The study is based on a longitudinal panel built on the Italian Social Security Archives of employees in the two provinces of Treviso and Vicenza from 1975 to 1997. Such a huge set of data allows the study of first entrances of young people in the labour market. First entrances are studied for age and year of birth cohorts and are meaningfully correlated with parameters relative to the enrollment trend in primary and secondary education. The different gender behaviour is underlined and discussed.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10354/1/MPRA_paper_10354.pdf
Tattara, Giuseppe and Canu, Rita (2005): Quando le farfalle mettono le ali. Osservazioni sull'ingresso delle donne nel lavoro dipendente. Published in: Economia&Lavoro , Vol. 1, No. 2005 (2005)
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10357
2019-09-28T12:41:52Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3635
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10357/
DELOCALIZZAZIONE PRODUTTIVA E AMMORTIZZATORI SOCIALI. LA TESSITURA MONTI SPA
Tattara, Giuseppe
Campagnol, Desirée
J65 - Unemployment Insurance ; Severance Pay ; Plant Closings
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J68 - Public Policy
This article deals with the restructuring of the production process at the Monti textile group. The Group has delocalized a significant part of its textile production in two plants in Cekia and has opened a new plant in India. The Cekia plants send their product to Italy to be finished, while the Indian plant is vertically integrated and aims at the new emerging markets.
This new strategy had deep effects on the level of employment in the Treviso province, where the Italian main plant is located. The emergency has been faced by the use of several labor market in-struments: contratti di solidarietà, cassa integrazione guadagni and liste di mobilità that have allowed a gradual exit of some workers towards retirement and have provided room for a qualifica-tion and re-employment of the majority of redundant workers. This experiment proves interesting and is the result of workers’ stiff opposition to massive firings, of the trade unions’ action and of the willigness of the Monti Group.
2008-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10357/1/MPRA_paper_10357.pdf
Tattara, Giuseppe and Campagnol, Desirée (2008): DELOCALIZZAZIONE PRODUTTIVA E AMMORTIZZATORI SOCIALI. LA TESSITURA MONTI SPA. Forthcoming in: Economia e società regionale , Vol. 2008, No. 2 (August 2008): pp. 63-82.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10441
2019-09-29T09:25:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433430
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10441/
An Analysis of Employment and Growth in Java after the Economic Crisis 1997/1998: Examining the Role of Farm Activities in West Java
Hirawan, Fajar Bambang
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
C40 - General
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
In this paper, we examine the relationship between employment and economic growth in the most populated island in Indonesia, Java, specifically in West Java. When Indonesia suffered a dreadful economic crisis during 1997/1998, none of the regions or sectors survived its impact, especially farm and non-farm activities. The economy started to improve in the year 2000, but non-economic fundamental factors significantly impacted the economy at that time. The results of this paper indicate that employment has a relationship to economic growth. In West Java farm activities, which are agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fisheries (ALFF), have a negative correlation with economic growth. On the other hand, non-farm activities have a positive correlation with economic growth. The value of the coefficient of variation (CV) surprisingly signifies that employment and GDP relating to farm activities in West Java are more stable than non-farm activities after the economic crisis of 1997/1998.
2008-07-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10441/1/MPRA_paper_10441.pdf
Hirawan, Fajar Bambang (2008): An Analysis of Employment and Growth in Java after the Economic Crisis 1997/1998: Examining the Role of Farm Activities in West Java.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10780
2019-10-01T06:31:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3832
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10780/
Why leave wage work and become self-employed ? Independence, earnings or unemployment.
Tattara, Giuseppe
Volpe, Mario
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J82 - Labor Force Composition
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
The paper addresses the problem of the relation between self-employment and employee status. The issue is whether self-employment is a form of disguised unemployment or a suitable long term form of employment towards which gravitate the most successful wage-workers: wage-workers attracted by an activity that is more independent and more apt to bring their personality to the foreground.
The paper focuses on a detailed study of previous experience as an employee (entrance, duration, mobility, status, firm’s size) to evaluate this point.
Individuals enter self-employment for the first time at a very young age, and the choice is the result of a period of high mobility, unemployment and inactivity after the first entrance into the labour market as an employee. Self-employment does not seem to be bound by a liquidity constraint or by the need to accumulate assets in order to start a viable businesses, the usual reasons brought about to explain deferred entry, or by the time necessary to discover a viable business opportunity: it is directly linked to movements in wage employment and represents a temporary solution to face an unattended negative shock.
1999-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10780/1/MPRA_paper_10780.pdf
Tattara, Giuseppe and Volpe, Mario (1999): Why leave wage work and become self-employed ? Independence, earnings or unemployment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11002
2019-09-28T04:40:13Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3633
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3832
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11002/
La mobilità dei lavoratori dell’industria nel Veneto: dinamica di lungo periodo e aspetti differenziali
Tattara, Giuseppe
Valentini, Marco
J63 - Turnover ; Vacancies ; Layoffs
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J82 - Labor Force Composition
J23 - Labor Demand
the chapter discusses labour mobility in Veneto from VWH (Veneto Worker Histories) database: 1982-1997.
Mobility is related to the business cycle and to workers' careers. The population is split between movers and stayers, and the likelihood of chequered careers and instability is discussed.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11002/1/MPRA_paper_11002.pdf
Tattara, Giuseppe and Valentini, Marco (2005): La mobilità dei lavoratori dell’industria nel Veneto: dinamica di lungo periodo e aspetti differenziali. Published in: , Vol. in Con, (2005): pp. 237-270.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11010
2019-09-28T17:33:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11010/
Improving the Labor Market Outcomes of Minorities: The Role of Employment Quota
Prakash, Nishith
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
D00 - General
The world's biggest and arguably most aggressive form of employment based affirmative action policy for minorities exists in India. This paper exploits the institutional features of Indian mandated employment quota policy to examine its effect on minorities' [scheduled castes (SCs) and scheduled tribes (STs)] labor market outcomes. My best estimate of the effect of 1- percent increase in employment quota for SCs increases their probability of finding a salaried job by 0.9- percentage points. This effect varies by gender and location. The less educated SCs experienced increase in their consumption expenditure. I do not find similar effects for the STs.
2008-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11010/1/MPRA_paper_11010.pdf
Prakash, Nishith (2008): Improving the Labor Market Outcomes of Minorities: The Role of Employment Quota.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11038
2019-09-26T23:24:16Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4E:4E36:4E3633
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3739
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3134
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D4E:4E37:4E3733
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3233
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483235
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463132
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3931
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11038/
I panni di lana: Nascita, espansione e declino dell’industria tessile di lana italiana, 1100-1730
Munro, John H.
N63 - Europe: Pre-1913
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
L79 - Other
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
N73 - Europe: Pre-1913
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
L23 - Organization of Production
H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies ; Fragmentation
L91 - Transportation: General
D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
This study of the Italian wool-based textile industries (woollens, worsteds, and serges) seeks to examine its rise, expansion, and ultimate decline, over a period of five centuries (from ca. 1200 to ca. 1730) in the context of both international competition and economic conjoncture, in the context of the major macro-economic and demographic changes that the European economy experienced during these five centuries. The story commences during the so-called ‘Commercial Revolution’ era of the thirteenth-century when the Franco-Flemish cloth industries of north-west European dominated the international markets in a very wide range of these textiles, even in the Mediterranean basin. From the 1290s, and then into the better know period of the Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) the European economy suffered from the ravages of ever more widespread and debilitating warfare, throughout the Mediterranean basin and western Europe, and then from various factors, including plagues, that led to serious depopulation. The consequences led to a severe rise in transportation and transaction costs that gravely undermined the profitability of long-distance trade in cheaper textiles. That, in turn forced most textile manufacturers dependent on long-distance trade, and especially those who had operated as price-takers, to re-orient their export-based production to far higher priced, indeed luxury textiles, which could better sustain the burden of rising transactions costs, especially in acting as ‘price-makers’ engaged in monopolistic competition. That industrial-commercial transformation can be seen in the textile industries of northern France, the Low Countries, and England; but also those in Catalonia and above all in Italy: principally Tuscany and Lombardy. In so far as warfare and rising transaction costs limited the importation of even luxury textiles from north-west Europe, the Italian cloth industries thereby gained a far larger share of Mediterranean markets.
This study focuses in particular on the ensuring history of the Florentine woollen cloth industry in the later Middle Ages. One price that all of these luxury-oriented cloth industries had to pay was steeply rising tax burdens on exported English wools; for the prime determinant of luxury quality in these textiles was the use of the finer grade English wools, the best in the world, until the development (through breeding and management) of Spanish merino wools, which finally succeeded in rivalling and then surpassing the English by the later sixteenth century. By the sixteenth century, with a reduction in European warfare and with renewed population growth, substantial economic growth, and significant innovations in transportation, transactions costs fell, and fell enough to make long-distance trade in cheaper textiles once more profitable; and that is reflected in product changes in the Florentine textile industry, which increasingly used Spanish merino wools in place of the English. But the most important events in the history of the Italian textile industries was the sudden rise of the Venetian cloth industry from the early to mid-sixteenth century, reaching a peak in the early seventeenth century, and then experiencing an equally rapid decline, in the famous of English textile competition, by the agency of the new Levant Company, which gained major advantages over the Italians in the large Ottoman Empire. The study concludes by examining the nature of those English advantages, which lay far more in the commercial (and transportation sphere) than in the industrial sphere, in terms of both traditional heavy weight woollens (made from Spanish wools) and the lighter, coarser, and cheaper fabrics of the English New Draperies (benefiting from a transformation in English wool production, from the Tudor-Stuart Enclosures). In sum: a study of comparative advantage in five centuries of international trade, in wool-based textiles, in terms of transaction costs, inputs (wools), and commercial organization.
2005-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11038/1/MPRA_paper_11038.pdf
Munro, John H. (2005): I panni di lana: Nascita, espansione e declino dell’industria tessile di lana italiana, 1100-1730. Published in: Il Rinascimento italiano et l’Europa, vol. IV: Commercio e cultura mercantile , Vol. 4, No. 1 (2007): pp. 105-141.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11963
2019-10-28T19:06:20Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12133
2019-09-26T08:22:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3139
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503238
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483531
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3238
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503237
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12133/
Earlier research work on tharparkar and sindh barrage, and similar studies related to demographic, social and economic conditions
Herani, Gobind M.
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
P28 - Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J28 - Safety ; Job Satisfaction ; Related Public Policy
P27 - Performance and Prospects
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
This study is earlier research works done on Tharparkar and Sindh barrage, and similar studies related to demographic, social and economic conditions and chapter-2 as a literature review of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. Purpose of the chapter was to give the complete picture of both areas and at national and international level to support the primary data of the thesis for proper occlusions and recommendations for policy maker to get the lesson for Tharparkar to get prosperous and better demographically socially and economically. Only secondary data from reliable sources is given in this chapter with complete quotations. This study shows that earlier research work is done in Thar with the help of Government of Sindh, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Save the Children Fund (SCF)-U.K , titled as ” Tharparkar rural Development Project (TRDP) Evaluation 1993”. From, the detailed study of the chapter we conclude that, from Pakistan origin material, we expect more in future. Some active NGOs has also worked for the awareness and welfare of Thar. From the literature of foreign origin material, it is concluded that development of any area depends upon the awareness and leadership of local participation of indigenous people and results are comparatively better. From the study of Baroda project, Somalia, Grameen Bank of Bangladesh and other NGOs' who run the micro credit programs, it is evident that such programs are essential for the alleviation of poverty and lead towards the income generation of the local masses. Every work should be done through local NGOs, because NGO’s works are on the basis of honesty and is demand driven. It is recommended that Local organizations are must for the awareness welfare and development and they must demand facilities from government and donor agencies.
2008-12-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12133/1/MPRA_paper_12133.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2008): Earlier research work on tharparkar and sindh barrage, and similar studies related to demographic, social and economic conditions.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12200
2019-10-25T05:28:49Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12409
2019-09-29T07:40:18Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3338
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12409/
State Intervention and Labour Market in India: Issues and Options
Majumder, Rajarshi
Mukherjee, Dipa
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J38 - Public Policy
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
K31 - Labor Law
J30 - General
J23 - Labor Demand
State interventions into Labour policies in India are directed towards ensuring both job security and income security. In this paper we look at likely impact of such policies. The laws are found to serve the organised workers primarily while large masses of unorganised workers are without any security. To escape legislations, employers have substituted labour by capital, hired casual workers, and set up ancillary units. Consequently, output elasticity of employment has consistently declined and there is marked casualisation of workforce. Legislations have thus institutionalised and perpetuated labour market dualism. Reforms herein are necessary but should be implemented in a careful and phased manner to avoid deteriorating conditions in both the sectors in the name of uniformity. Linking retrenchment with Area Regeneration Programmes; upgrading employability quotient through training; allowing employers to transfer workers between units; providing easy credit and technical consultancy; and cooperative formation would help the workers.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12409/1/MPRA_paper_12409.pdf
Majumder, Rajarshi and Mukherjee, Dipa (2008): State Intervention and Labour Market in India: Issues and Options. Published in: K.K. Bagchi (ed) State, Labour and Development: An Indian Perspective, Abhijeet Publications (2008)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12753
2019-09-26T17:50:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12753/
A Decade of Economics Reforms: Whither Employment?
Mukherjee, Dipa
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J23 - Labor Demand
Employment creation and wage security have been primary goals of developing countries. The present paper analyses the wage-employment scenario in India in the post-reform period. The workforce structure is exhibiting upward mobility across wage classes, moving towards regular employment, and shifting in favour of tertiary sector jobs – the pace decelerating in the second half of the study period. Thus expansion of employment has not been as distress a phenomenon as often apprehended. There is a shift of middle wage level jobs from regular to casual employment, leading to declining inequality among casual workers and increased inequality among regulars. However, availability of mandays is decreasing, especially among casual workers. Perhaps jobs are continuously and decisively getting transformed from regular to casual employment and then being outsourced to the self-employeds. Increasing disparity between workers of High and Low Income States, and between White collar and Blue Collar occupations are concerns that need to be addressed. Creating more mandays of work and facilitating capacity building through education and skill formation should be the policy focus.
2007-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12753/1/MPRA_paper_12753.pdf
Mukherjee, Dipa (2007): A Decade of Economics Reforms: Whither Employment?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12754
2019-09-27T06:47:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12754/
Post-reform Trends in Wage-Differentials: A Decomposition Analysis for India
Mukherjee, Dipa
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J71 - Discrimination
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J23 - Labor Demand
Wage inequality often creates much broader socio-economic inequality and may even accentuate them. For attaining equitable development convergence in wages and earnings is therefore desirable. This paper explores trends and patterns in wage differentials in India in the post reform period. Using decomposition technique it compares trends in within group and between group disparities – across occupational group, gender, job type, and region. It is observed that while inter-group disparity or vertical differentials are coming down in terms of wage rates, they are increasing in terms of total earnings because of more than proportionate rise in disparity in labour demand and job availability. Intra-group wage differentials have increased among most of the occupations as also among several sub-groups, leading to polarization within groups. Decomposition analysis shows that wage differential across some groups are mainly due to the skill factor while for some other groups it is pure discrimination or unfavourable labour market conditions which is creating the wage differential. Only an inclusive growth strategy will lead to lowering of wage differentials and removal of disparities in living standards across space and people.
2007-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12754/1/MPRA_paper_12754.pdf
Mukherjee, Dipa (2007): Post-reform Trends in Wage-Differentials: A Decomposition Analysis for India. Published in: Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 50, No. 4 (December 2007)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12755
2019-09-27T16:36:10Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12755/
Tertiarisation of the Indian labour market: a new growth engine or sending distress signals?
Mukherjee, Dipa
Majumder, Rajarshi
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
O14 - Industrialization ; Manufacturing and Service Industries ; Choice of Technology
Tertiarisation of labour market has globally been associated with economic progress. But in developing countries, labour market deformities may push people into service economy out of distress also. This paper examines the tertiarisation process in Indian labour market to bring out the reasons behind such trends and the likely impact of such movements. It is observed that the employment growth in the tertiary sector had been dynamic and growth-induced during the eighties, but in the recent times has turned distress-driven. Sub-sectors within the tertiary sector are behaving differently indicating the heterogeneity of this sector. Policymakers should note these issues and take appropriate steps not only to boost high-end jobs but also to improve productivity and returns in low-end jobs. Then only tertiary sector revolution in India will be beneficial to the workers en masse and be sustainable.
2008-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12755/1/MPRA_paper_12755.pdf
Mukherjee, Dipa and Majumder, Rajarshi (2008): Tertiarisation of the Indian labour market: a new growth engine or sending distress signals? Published in: Journal of the Asia pacific Economy , Vol. 13, No. 4 : pp. 387-413.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12760
2019-09-27T02:47:41Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12760/
Women Employment in The New Economy: Clouds and Some Sunshine
Mukherjee, Dipa
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J7 - Labor Discrimination
The last decade has witnessed greater participation of women in the labour market, especially in new arenas of economic activity. While opportunities have increased, traditional biases against women still exist, both while accepting women as workers and while wage setting. This paper explores the gender bias in the new economy in India and examines what part of it can be explained by differences in endowments and what part is due to discrimination. The New Economy has been identified in terms of high growth and high share in total employment in recent times. It is observed that women employment is growing faster than that of men, though the virtue of it is questionable because of lower wage payments. For a large part of the new economy a trade-off is observed between women employment expansion and their wage condition. There also exists an established sector where women have traditionally been accepted and are having stable employment and wage condition. In few sunrise sectors of the new economy women are enjoying both expanding employment and improving wage conditions. Though endowment plays a major role in determining absorption of workers, discrimination against women is also substantial leading to entry barrier. Most of the gender differences in wages are due to discrimination and only a small part is attributable to endowment gaps. This prompts for taking appropriate policies in the form of promotion of skill formation and mobilisation of women worker groups for better bargaining power.
2008-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12760/1/MPRA_paper_12760.pdf
Mukherjee, Dipa (2008): Women Employment in The New Economy: Clouds and Some Sunshine. Published in: Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 51, No. 4 (December 2008)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12809
2019-09-30T14:41:11Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12809/
Employment and Wages in the Liberalised Regime: A Study of Indian Manufacturing Sector
Majumder, Rajarshi
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
Expansion of earning opportunities and increment in earning levels are dual objectives of policymakers in developing countries. The structural adjustment programme in India tried to ensure both through higher growth targets, and manufacturing sector has seen the most sweeping changes. It is now being suggested that the current jobless growth is due to high wages. The present paper examines the veracity of this by examining the trends in employment and earnings in this sector over the nineties and analysing the factors affecting them. Most of the employment expansion has been in the unorganised sector where wages have stagnated. Though real wages in the factories have declined employment therein has not increased. Interestingly, both wages and employment have increased in the mid-sized units. The relationship is therefore neither unidirectional nor exhaustive. Proper mix of labour flexibility, resource availability, and scale economies would bring dynamism to the sector and increase both employment and earnings.
2006-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12809/1/MPRA_paper_12809.pdf
Majumder, Rajarshi (2006): Employment and Wages in the Liberalised Regime: A Study of Indian Manufacturing Sector. Published in: Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 4, No. 49 (December 2006)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12811
2019-09-29T20:51:02Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12811/
Earning Differentials Across Social Groups: Evidences from India
Majumder, Rajarshi
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
Earning differentials in labour market leads to multidimensional aspects of deprivation and disadvantage. While the ‘deprived’ are excluded from participation in society, such exclusion may also cause deprivation. In economic terms, disparity in labour markets has far-reaching consequences because of its impact on earnings and asset creation. In this paper we look at earnings differentials across social groups in the Indian Wage Labour Market. The results indicate that the share of the Excluded Groups - SCs, STs, and OBCs - in Wage Employment is lower than their corresponding share in population and their shares in Wage Earnings are even lower. Earning ratios has been continuously declining, most sharply in the 2000-05 period. The share of these Excluded Groups in the Top Wage classes is also negligible, with most of them concentrated in the Bottom Wage class. Upward mobility from lower to higher wage classes is low for these groups compared to others, thereby increasing the disparity between the groups. Skewed Occupational Distribution and predominance of Casual workers among the excluded groups are major reasons for such disparity. Earning differential is pronounced both in the economically lagging and advanced states and a rise in disparities in the post-reform period indicates that high growth-high private investment-tertiary sector boom is creating new divide in the society in terms of deprivation and discrimination. As discrimination leads to disparities in capability formation and ownership of assets, the excluded groups are unable to participate in the growing economic affluence and are being increasingly marginalized. Inclusive growth strategies and participatory development programmes with substantial local-global synergy is the need of the hour to combat earning differentials in labour market.
2007-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12811/1/MPRA_paper_12811.pdf
Majumder, Rajarshi (2007): Earning Differentials Across Social Groups: Evidences from India. Published in: Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 50, No. 4 (December 2007)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12814
2019-09-30T17:34:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463032
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12814/
Globalisation and Employment: A Prelude
Majumder, Rajarshi
J60 - General
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J30 - General
Globalisation has proceeded at an unimagined pace in the last few decades. While it has resulted in high growth of global income, questions are raised about the equity of such growth. Disparity seems to be aggravating, as globalisation seems to be depressing the labour market. Unemployment is rising, both absolutely and as proportion of labour force, especially in developing regions. Elasticity of employment is low and falling further. Whatever little employment expansion is occurring is mostly vulnerable in nature, remuneration levels are scanty, and working poverty is substantially high. Using a Globalisation Index, it is observed that except the developed countries, pace and levels of globalisation are affecting the labour market negatively. Employment growth and elasticities are lower in regions that have had rapid globalisation. Institutional mechanism and improving social security for workers must therefore precede global integration of the economy.
2008-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12814/1/MPRA_paper_12814.pdf
Majumder, Rajarshi (2008): Globalisation and Employment: A Prelude. Published in: Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 51, No. 4 (December 2008)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12821
2019-10-01T02:23:34Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3338
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12821/
State intervention and labour market in India: issues and options
Majumder, Rajarshi
Mukherjee, Dipa
J38 - Public Policy
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J23 - Labor Demand
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
State interventions into Labour policies in India are directed towards ensuring both job security and income security. In this paper we look at likely impact of such policies. The laws are found to serve the organised workers primarily while large masses of unorganised workers are without any security. To escape legislations, employers have substituted labour by capital, hired casual workers, and set up ancillary units. Consequently, output elasticity of employment has consistently declined and there is marked casualisation of workforce. Legislations have thus institutionalised and perpetuated labour market dualism. Reforms herein are necessary but should be implemented in a careful and phased manner to avoid deteriorating conditions in both the sectors in the name of uniformity. Linking retrenchment with Area Regeneration Programmes; upgrading employability quotient through training; allowing employers to transfer workers between units; providing easy credit and technical consultancy; and cooperative formation would help the workers.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12821/1/MPRA_paper_12821.pdf
Majumder, Rajarshi and Mukherjee, Dipa (2008): State intervention and labour market in India: issues and options. Published in: State, Labour and Development: An Indian Perspective, (ed) K K Bagchi, (forthcoming), Serials Publications, New Delhi (2008)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12879
2019-09-26T16:07:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D52:5230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12879/
Environmental pressures and rural-urban migration: The case of Bangladesh
Herrmann, Michael
Svarin, David
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
R0 - General
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
Bangladesh, like other least developed countries (LDC), has a large rural population and agricultural labor force. At the turn of the Millennium 75 percent of the LDCs’ population still lived in rural areas and 71 percent of the LDCs’ labor force was involved in agriculture. Yet, even the least developed countries are affected by rapidly accelerating rural-to-urban migration. This decade, 2001-2010, is the first ever in which the urban population grows faster than the rural population in the LDCs. And this change is also associated with a historic employment transition, where the agricultural sector gradually loses importance.
Both the population and the employment transition that can be observed for the group of least develops countries, are largely attributable to LDC's in Asia, and in particular Bangladesh. The very large rural-urban migration in Bangladesh, in comparison with other least developed countries, is attributable to relatively strong push factors on the one hand, and strong pull factors on the other. The principle factor that encourages people to leave their homes in the country side is the frequent recurrence of natural disasters, which undermine agricultural development and cause food crisis. By contrast, the principle factor that attracts people to urban centers is the expansion of the non-agricultural sectors, industry and services, which promises jobs and higher household incomes.
2009-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12879/1/MPRA_paper_12879.pdf
Herrmann, Michael and Svarin, David (2009): Environmental pressures and rural-urban migration: The case of Bangladesh.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13295
2019-09-28T18:17:24Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3431
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13295/
Working Profiles and Employment Regimes in European Panel Perspective
Muffels, Ruud
Fouarge, Didier
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
J41 - Labor Contracts
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J01 - Labor Economics: General
Using longitudinal information on labour market participation we analyse the dynamics of unemployment in Europe. We focus in particular on individuals with a poor attachment to the labour market. The countries under scrutiny are clustered into four ideal-typical welfare regimes. Overall, a remarkable stability with respect to permanent employment is observed. But on the other end, there also is a substantial mobility between secure en insecure jobs. Nevertheless, mobility from insecure employment to secure employment is found to be larger in liberal and social-democratic countries than in Southern Europe.
2001
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13295/1/MPRA_paper_13295.pdf
Muffels, Ruud and Fouarge, Didier (2001): Working Profiles and Employment Regimes in European Panel Perspective. Published in: Schmoller's Jahrbuch , Vol. 122, No. 1 : pp. 85-111.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13301
2019-09-26T14:02:56Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13301/
Labour Market Transitions and Employment Regimes: Evidence on the Flexibility-Security Nexus in Transitional Labour Markets
Muffels, Ruud
Wilthagen, Ton
Heuvel, Nick van den
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor
J42 - Monopsony ; Segmented Labor Markets
This paper deals with the question whether the concept of transitional labour market(TLM) might be useful to formulate hypotheses about the relationship between the size
and nature of labour market transitions and the performance of employment regimes. The paper starts from the idea that the TLM concept, as being developed by Günther Schmid and others, might be connected with the notion of ‘employment regimes’ as defined by Gösta Esping-Andersen and others. Subsequently the paper aims at testing empirically whether the claims of the TLM concept with respect to labour market
flexibility and work security hold in the real worlds of European labour markets. The paper comes to the conclusion that the liberal regime combines a high level of labour mobility and flexibility (although not much higher than the corporatist or social-democratic regime) with a low level of work security, and that the social-democratic
regime comes out with a high level of work security but a (somewhat) lower level of labour market mobility. However, these regimes do not fit that nicely in the ‘ideal-type’
as this conclusion might suggest: the liberal regimes also have fairly high levels of employment security and social-democratic countries have fairly high levels of labour
mobility and flexibility. The convergence hypothesis might find some ground in these findings.
Notwithstanding this assessment, we find that the Southern regime can and shouldbe quite clearly distinguished from the other regimes. Although the share of flexible
jobs is rather high, upward mobility into permanent jobs is lower in the South and downward mobility (from work into exclusion) is higher. Hence, the Southern regime is
performing worse both in terms of enhancing job mobility and preventing labour market exclusion. Apparently, regimes differ and the differences concern the particular tradeoff
or balance between flexibility and security within the distinct regimes.
2002
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13301/1/MPRA_paper_13301.pdf
Muffels, Ruud and Wilthagen, Ton and Heuvel, Nick van den (2002): Labour Market Transitions and Employment Regimes: Evidence on the Flexibility-Security Nexus in Transitional Labour Markets. Published in: WZB Discussion Papers : pp. 1-25.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14054
2019-09-28T21:06:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14054/
Hysteresis vs. natural rate of unemployment: One, the other, or both?
Kula, Ferit
Aslan, Alper
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J01 - Labor Economics: General
This paper re-examines the empirical validity of the hysteresis hypothesis in unemployment rates in terms of education level in 17 OECD countries. To this end for unbalanced panel, we employ Pesaran’s Cross Sectional Dependence (CD) and Cross-Sectionally Augmented ADF (CADF) tests. Our empirical findings provide that the evidence is favorable to the non-stationary of the unemployment rates by primary and secondary education attainment in total unemployment, and therefore the existence of hysteresis while there is no evidence of hysteresis for unemployment rates by tertiary education.
2008-01-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14054/1/MPRA_paper_14054.pdf
Kula, Ferit and Aslan, Alper (2008): Hysteresis vs. natural rate of unemployment: One, the other, or both?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14341
2019-09-26T17:36:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14341/
Unemployment and inflation in Western Europe: solution by the boundary element method
Kitov, Ivan
Kitov, Oleg
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
Using an analog of the boundary element method in engineering and science, we analyze and model unemployment rate in Austria, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States as a function of inflation and the change in labor force. Originally, the model linking unemployment to inflation and labor force was developed and successfully tested for Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States. Autoregressive properties of neither of these variables are used to predict their evolution. In this sense, the model is a self-consistent and completely deterministic one without any stochastic component (external shocks) except that associated with measurement errors and changes in measurement units. Nevertheless, the model explains between ~65% and ~95% of the variability in unemployment and inflation. For Italy, the rate of unemployment is predicted at a time horizon of nine (!) years with pseudo out-of-sample root-mean-square forecasting error of 0.55% for the period between 1973 and 2006. One can expect that the unemployment will be growing since 2008 and will reach ~11.4% [±0.6 %] near 2012. After 2012, unemployment in Italy will start to descend.
2009-03-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14341/1/MPRA_paper_14341.pdf
Kitov, Ivan and Kitov, Oleg (2009): Unemployment and inflation in Western Europe: solution by the boundary element method.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14557
2019-09-27T11:00:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453337
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14557/
Inflation, unemployment, labor force change in European countries
Kitov, Ivan
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
E37 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
Linear relationships between inflation, unemployment, and labor force are obtained for two European countries - Austria and France. The best fit models of inflation as a linear and lagged function of labor force change rate and unemployment explain more than 90% of observed variation (R2>0.9). Labor force projections for Austria provide a forecast of decreasing inflation for the next ten years. In France, inflation lags by four years behind labor force change and unemployment allowing for an exact prediction at a four-year horizon. Standard error of such a prediction is lower than 1%. The results confirm those obtained for the USA and Japan and provide strong evidences in favor of the concept of labor force growth as the only driving force behind unemployment and inflation.
2007-01-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14557/1/MPRA_paper_14557.pdf
Kitov, Ivan (2007): Inflation, unemployment, labor force change in European countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14985
2019-09-28T07:06:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493139
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14985/
Why effects of social capital on health status differ between genders: considering the labor market condition
Yamamura, Eiji
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
I19 - Other
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
This paper explores how social capital is related with self-rated health status in Japan and how this relationship is affected by gender, using data for 3075 adult participants in the 2000 Social Policy and Social Consciousness (SPSC) survey. Controlling for endogenous bias, unobserved city size- and area-specific fixed effects, I find that social capital has a significant positive influence on health status for females but not for males. If samples are limited to persons with a job, social capital effects drastically decrease and the difference between genders diminishes. This empirical study provides evidence that people without a job can afford to allocate time to accumulate social capital and thereby improve their health status.
2009-05-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14985/1/MPRA_paper_14985.pdf
Yamamura, Eiji (2009): Why effects of social capital on health status differ between genders: considering the labor market condition.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15045
2019-09-26T22:28:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463136
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443032
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15045/
When Eastern Labour Markets Enter Western Europe CEECs. Labour Market Institutions upon Euro Zone Accession
Tyrowicz, Joanna
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
F15 - Economic Integration
D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
This paper reviews the literature on the labour market institutions in European Union Member States in the context of monetary integration. Traditionally, labour markets are a key concept in the optimal currency area theory, playing the role of the only accommodation mechanism of asymmetric shocks after the monetary unification. There are several theoretical frameworks linking the institutional design of the labour market to the potential effectiveness of monetary policy in the context of currency areas. Many empirical studies addressed these issues too, yielding important policy implications for labour market reforms in the process of monetary unification. However, there seem to be "white spots" in this patchwork, which may actually be particularly useful from the perspective of CEECs upon the accession to the euro zone. We suggest these research directions encompassing labour supply and theoretical frameworks of labour market flexibility benchmarking in the context of monetary integration.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15045/1/MPRA_paper_15045.pdf
Tyrowicz, Joanna (2009): When Eastern Labour Markets Enter Western Europe CEECs. Labour Market Institutions upon Euro Zone Accession.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15152
2019-09-27T00:58:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15152/
Modelling and predicting labor force productivity
Kitov, Ivan
Kitov, Oleg
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
Labor productivity in Turkey, Spain, Belgium, Austria, Switzerland, and New Zealand has been analyzed and modeled. These counties extend the previously analyzed set of the US, UK, Japan, France, Italy, and Canada. Modelling is based on the link between the rate of labor participation and real GDP per capita. New results validate the link and allow predicting a drop in productivity by 2010 in almost all studied countries.
2009-05-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15152/1/MPRA_paper_15152.pdf
Kitov, Ivan and Kitov, Oleg (2009): Modelling and predicting labor force productivity.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15230
2019-10-09T02:22:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15230/
Moral Hazard Problem for Rural Labour Households under JFMP: A Study from Forest Dependent Groups in West Bengal
Das, Nimai
Sarker, Debnarayan
Q23 - Forestry
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
This study seeks to explore policy framework on the impact of moral hazard problem in the JFMP in which government, the owner of forest resource, can not legally monitor actions of JFM households, the agent of the programme, who illegally extract timber forest products. Despite much decrease of illegal collection of TFPs after JFM by the JFM households, some poor JFM households have higher incidence in the illegal extraction of TFPs to meet up their minimum subsistence in which law or force can not effectively control the same which might create more adverse effect on the sustainability of forest resource.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15230/1/MPRA_paper_15230.pdf
Das, Nimai and Sarker, Debnarayan (2008): Moral Hazard Problem for Rural Labour Households under JFMP: A Study from Forest Dependent Groups in West Bengal.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15306
2019-10-23T05:00:35Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15394
2019-09-30T16:42:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433335
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15394/
Labor force participation among Indian elderly: does health matter?
Pandey, Manoj K.
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions
The paper analyzes the effect of health status on labour force participation for aged Indians. The potential endogeneity in health and labour force participation has been taken care of by using full information maximum likelihood (FIML) and estimation results are compared with alternative two-stage methods. Results show that health has a significant and positive effect on labour force participation of the aged. In order to keep enough supply of elderly in the labour market, sufficient health care is necessary and hence more investment in this sector is imperative.
2009-05-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15394/1/MPRA_paper_15394.pdf
Pandey, Manoj K. (2009): Labor force participation among Indian elderly: does health matter?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15479
2019-09-27T00:29:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15479/
Access to primary care and workers’ opportunity costs. Evidence from Italy
De Luca, Giuliana
Ponzo, Michela
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J20 - General
I10 - General
This paper explores whether and to which extent employment condition and working hours influence individuals’ decision process in consuming primary care. The hypothesis is that the higher the workers’ opportunity cost in terms of earning forgone, the less the demand for General Practitioner (GP) visits.
Data used in the analysis come from the 2004/2005 “Health conditions and recourse to health services” survey provided by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT). We apply a negative binomial regression to model the relationship between the number of GP visits and employment related variables, controlling for a rich set of individual demographic characteristics, socio-economic variables, health status, supply and geographical factors.
We show that self-employed workers, managers and cadres use significantly less primary care services notwithstanding the access is free. We interpret these findings as being due to the fact that these type of workers have higher opportunity costs than white and blue collars, since they suffer more from the loss of earnings related to the absence from work
2009-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15479/1/MPRA_paper_15479.pdf
De Luca, Giuliana and Ponzo, Michela (2009): Access to primary care and workers’ opportunity costs. Evidence from Italy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15748
2019-09-26T09:39:09Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15748/
Before and after the Black Death: money, prices, and wages in fourteenth-century England
Munro, John H.
I30 - General
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
E51 - Money Supply ; Credit ; Money Multipliers
N13 - Europe: Pre-1913
J01 - Labor Economics: General
N44 - Europe: 1913-
J30 - General
N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
J40 - General
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
E40 - General
One of the most common myths in European economic history, and indeed in Economics itself, is that the Black Death of 1347-48, followed by other waves of bubonic plague, led to an abrupt rise in real wages, for both agricultural labourers and urban artisans – one that led to the so-called ‘Golden Age of the English Labourer’, lasting until the early 16th century. While there is no doubt that real-wages in mid- to late- 15th century England did reach a peak far higher than that ever achieved in past centuries, real wages in England did not, in fact, rise in the immediate aftermath of the Black Death. In southern England, real wages of building craftsmen (rural and urban), having plummeted with the natural disaster of the Great Famine (1315-21), thereafter rose to a new peak in 1336-40. But then their real wages fell during the 1340s, and continued their decline after the onslaught of the Black Death, indeed into the 1360s. Not until the later 1370s – almost thirty years after the Black Death – did real wages finally recover and then rapidly surpass the peak achieved in the late 1330s. Thereafter, the rise in real wages was more or less continuous, though at generally slower rates, during the 15th century, reaching a peak in 1476-80 – at a level not thereafter surpassed until 1886-90, by the usual methods of calculating real wages with index numbers: i.e., by NWI/CPI = RWI [nominal wage index divided by the consumer price index equals the real wage index].
Most of the textbooks that still perpetuate the myth about the role of the Black Death in raising real wages, as an almost immediate consequence, employ a demographic model based on Ricardian economics, which predicts (ceteris paribus) that depopulation will result in falling grain prices and thus in falling rents on grain-producing lands (on land in general) and in rising real wages. The fall in population – perhaps as much as 50 percent by the late 15th century (from the 1310 peak) – presumably altered the land:labour ratio sufficiently to increase the marginal productivity of labour and thus its real wage (though in economic theory the real wage is determined by the marginal revenue product of labour). The rise in real wages would also have been a product of the fall in the cost of living, chiefly determined by bread-grain prices, whose decline would have been the inevitable result of both the abandonment of high-cost marginal lands and the rise in the marginal productivity of agricultural labour. But the evidence produced in this study demonstrates that the Black Death was followed, in England, by almost thirty years of high grain prices – high in both nominal and real terms; and that was a principal reason for the post-Plague behaviour of real wages.
This study differs from all traditional models by examining the role of monetary forces in producing deflation in the second and final quarters of the fourteenth century, but severe inflation in between those quarters (i.e., from the early 1340s to the mid 1370s). The analysis of the evidence on money, prices, and wages in this study concludes that monetary forces and the consequent behaviour of the price level – in terms of those deflations and intervening inflation – were the most powerful determinant of the level of real wages (i.e., in terms of the formula: NWI/CPI = RWI). Thus the undisputed rise in nominal or money wages following the Black Death was literally ‘swamped’ by the post-Plague inflation, so that real wages fell. Conversely, the rise of real wages in the second quarter of the fourteenth century was principally due to a deflation in which consumer prices fell much more than did nominal wages. In the final quarter of the century, the even stronger rise in real wages was principally due to another deflation in which consumer prices fell sharply, but one in which, for the first time in recorded English history, nominal wages did not fall: an era that inaugurated the predominance of wage-stickiness in English labour markets for the next six centuries. But that perplexing phenomenon of downward wage-stickiness must be left to other studies.
The 14th century is the most violent one before the 20th; and violent disruptions from plague, war, and civil unrest undoubtedly produced severe supply shocks and high (relative) prices. Europe also experienced more severe oscillations in monetary changes and consequently in price levels – i.e., the aforesaid deflations and intervening inflation – during the 14th century than in any other before the 20th.
2004-12-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15748/1/MPRA_paper_15748.pdf
Munro, John H. (2004): Before and after the Black Death: money, prices, and wages in fourteenth-century England. Published in: New Approaches to the History of Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Selected Proceedings of Two International Conferences at The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters in Copenhagen, Historisk-filosofiske Meddelser , Vol. 104, (February 2009): pp. 335-364.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15749
2019-09-28T04:54:17Z
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7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15749/
Endogenous Labor Force Participation and Firing Costs
Moon, Weh-Sol
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J65 - Unemployment Insurance ; Severance Pay ; Plant Closings
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
I construct a matching model to explain the labor market transition between employment, unemployment and nonparticipation, and evaluate the quantitative effects of firing costs. The model has several features that are distinguished from previous studies: endogenous labor force participation, different job-search decisions and imperfect insurance markets. I find that the model is able to account for the U.S. labor market, especially the gross labor-force transition rates. I also find that firing costs as a type of firing tax have a negative effect on the layoff rate, the job-finding probability and the participation rate. In particular, the effect of a decrease in the job-finding probability is greater than the effect of a decrease in the layoff rate, and this results in an increase in the unemployment-to-population ratio. Finally, firing costs make individuals' job tenures longer and skew the asset distribution to the right.
2009-05-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15749/1/MPRA_paper_15749.pdf
Moon, Weh-Sol (2009): Endogenous Labor Force Participation and Firing Costs.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15940
2019-10-01T00:39:40Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15940/
The Effect of Pension Generosity on Early Retirement: A Microdata Analysis for Europe from 1967 to 2004.
Fischer, Justina AV
Sousa-Poza, Alfonso
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
Using pseudo-panel microdata we show that pension generosity affects early retirement decisions. The changes in the average replacement rate and decreases in wealth accrual between 1967 and 2004 have caused an increase in early retirement probabilities from 16% to 63%.
2009-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15940/1/MPRA_paper_15940.pdf
Fischer, Justina AV and Sousa-Poza, Alfonso (2009): The Effect of Pension Generosity on Early Retirement: A Microdata Analysis for Europe from 1967 to 2004.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15948
2019-09-29T17:51:35Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15948/
A Comparison of Demographic, Social and Economic Conditions of Tharparkar with Canal Barrage Area Sindh (1988-2000): An Introduction
Herani, Gobind M.
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
P28 - Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
This is study comparative study of Tharpakar with Barrage area Sindh and introductory chapter of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. In this chapter background of demographic, social and economic conditions are compared with each other. Purpose of the chapter was to give the complete picture of both areas for proper occlusions and recommendations for policy maker to get the Tharparkar better economically and socially. Mostly secondary data from reliable sources was given in this chapter. This study reveals that Thar is good only for livestock raiser and non-crops (Rangeland plantation). When we touch the educational side then we come to know that at the primary level education in barrage area is much better than Tharparkar. In Middle class and up to intermediate level education ratio of Tharparkar is much better than barrage area of Sindh province. At the graduate and postgraduate level barrage area is little higher in ratio than Tharparkar due to low facilities available in Tharparkar. The Minerals of Tharparkar may prove the better than barrage area. At the level of immediate measure for the development of Thar there is need of improvement of Rangeland, farmlands and races of livestock. The future of Thar is livestock with well-managed natural vegetation.
2002-04-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15948/1/MPRA_paper_15948.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2002): A Comparison of Demographic, Social and Economic Conditions of Tharparkar with Canal Barrage Area Sindh (1988-2000): An Introduction. Published in: An Agro-based Industry of Tharparkar with Canal Barrage Area, Sindh (1988-2000) Suggested Techniques Leading to An Industrial Economy , Vol. Chapte, No. Ph.D Thesis : pp. 1-50.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15950
2019-09-28T20:42:25Z
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15950/
Earlier Research Work on Tharparkar and Sindh Barrage, and Similar Studies Related to Demographic, Social and Economic Conditions
Herani, Gobind M.
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
P28 - Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J28 - Safety ; Job Satisfaction ; Related Public Policy
P27 - Performance and Prospects
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
This study is earlier research works done on Tharparkar and Sindh barrage, and similar studies related to demographic, social and economic conditions and chapter-2 as a literature review of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. Purpose of the chapter was to give the complete picture of both areas and at national and international level to support the primary data of the thesis for proper occlusions and recommendations for policy maker to get the lesson for Tharparkar to get prosperous and better demographically socially and economically. Only secondary data from reliable sources is given in this chapter with complete quotations. This study shows that earlier research work is done in Thar with the help of Government of Sindh, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Save the Children Fund (SCF)-U.K , titled as ” Tharparkar rural Development Project (TRDP) Evaluation 1993”. From, the detailed study of the chapter we conclude that, from Pakistan origin material, we expect more in future. Some active NGOs has also worked for the awareness and welfare of Thar. From the literature of foreign origin material, it is concluded that development of any area depends upon the awareness and leadership of local participation of indigenous people and results are comparatively better. From the study of Baroda project, Somalia, Grameen Bank of Bangladesh and other NGOs' who run the micro credit programs, it is evident that such programs are essential for the alleviation of poverty and lead towards the income generation of the local masses. Every work should be done through local NGOs, because NGO’s works are on the basis of honesty and is demand driven. It is recommended that Local organizations are must for the awareness welfare and development and they must demand facilities from government and donor agencies.
2002-04-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15950/1/MPRA_paper_15950.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2002): Earlier Research Work on Tharparkar and Sindh Barrage, and Similar Studies Related to Demographic, Social and Economic Conditions. Published in: A comparative study of An Agro-Based Industry of Tharparkar with Canal Barrage Areas of Sindh (1988-2000) Suggested Techniques Leading to an Industrial Economy No. Chapter-2. MPRA Paper 12133 : pp. 51-75.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16384
2019-09-27T16:37:21Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16384/
Ekonomisko un vadības profesiju darba apmaksas tirgus konjuktūra Latvijā
Skribans, Valerijs
J44 - Professional Labor Markets ; Occupational Licensing
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
N30 - General, International, or Comparative
J01 - Labor Economics: General
In the market of economic and management trades amount of young specialists are increased, the competition between specialists has increased, requirements to specialists have increased. In given paper the level of wages in the market of economic trades in Latvia is researched, practically used methods of definition of wages is investigated, perspectivities of economic specialities in comparison with other trades is estimated.
In paper the term of economic and management trades is comprehensively formulated from the point of view of the Latvian legislation, from the point of view of preparation of experts and educational system, and from the point of view of a labour market. Factors influencing for the size of wages are certain. The average level of wages, and as borders of fluctuation of wages is certain. Distinction in work and a wages of men and women in economic and administrative trades is investigated separately in paper.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16384/1/MPRA_paper_16384.pdf
Skribans, Valerijs (2007): Ekonomisko un vadības profesiju darba apmaksas tirgus konjuktūra Latvijā. Published in: LU raksti , Vol. Ekonom, No. 718.sējums (2007)
lv
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17496
2019-10-01T19:54:10Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17496/
Identity matters: inter- and intra-racial disparity and labor market outcomes
Mason, Patrick L.
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
J7 - Labor Discrimination
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
Standard analysis of racial inequality incorporates racial classification as an exogenous binary variable. This approach obfuscates the importance of racial self-identity and clouds our ability to understand the relative importance of unobserved productivity-linked attributes versus market discrimination as determinants of racial inequality in labor market outcomes. Our examination of identity heterogeneity among African Americans suggests racial wage disparity is most consistent with weak colorism, while genotype disparity best describes racial employment differences. Further, among African Americans, the wage data are not consistent with the hypothesis that black-mixed race wage disparity can be explained by differences in unobserved productivity-linked productive attributes.
2009-05-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17496/1/MPRA_paper_17496.pdf
Mason, Patrick L. (2009): Identity matters: inter- and intra-racial disparity and labor market outcomes.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17497
2019-09-30T21:23:30Z
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7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17497/
Culture matters: America’s African Diaspora and labor market outcomes
Mason, Patrick
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
J7 - Labor Discrimination
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
This paper contrasts the explanatory power of the mono-cultural and diversity models of racial disparity. The mono-cultural model ignores nativity and ethnic differences among African Americans. The diversity model assumes that culture affects both intra- and interracial labor market disparity. The diversity model seeks to enhance our ability to understand the relative merits of culture versus market discrimination as determinants of racial inequality in labor market outcomes. Our results are consistent with the diversity model of racial inequality. Specifically, racial disparity consists of the following outcomes: 1) persistent racial wage and employment effects between both native and immigrant African Americans and whites, 2) limited ethnicity effects among African Americans, 3) diverse employment and wage effects among native and immigrant African Americans, 4) intra-racial wage penalties (premiums) for immigrant (native) African Americans, and 5) evidence of relatively higher unobserved productivity-linked attributes among Caribbean-English immigrants. There are regional and intertemporal variations in these inequalities.
2009-05-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17497/1/MPRA_paper_17497.pdf
Mason, Patrick (2009): Culture matters: America’s African Diaspora and labor market outcomes.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18003
2019-09-28T00:00:29Z
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18003/
Recession in the Skilled Sector and Implications for Informal Wage
Marjit, Sugata
Chaudhuri, Sarbajit
Kar, Saibal
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
Global recession is likely to hit the skilled sector or the so-called white goods, white collared sector in a typical developing economy. In this paper we try to analyze the impact of such an event on informal wage as the vast majority of the workforce in the developing world is employed in the unorganized or informal sector. In particular, we demonstrate the analytical possibility that a recession in the skilled sector will actually increase real informal wage.
2009-04-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18003/1/MPRA_paper_18003.pdf
Marjit, Sugata and Chaudhuri, Sarbajit and Kar, Saibal (2009): Recession in the Skilled Sector and Implications for Informal Wage.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18101
2019-09-30T21:40:54Z
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D45:4530:453031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18101/
The GLA’s London Workforce Employment Series
Freeman, Alan
Urwin, Peter
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J00 - General
E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth ; Environmental Accounts
This article describes the construction of the workforce employment data used by the Greater London Authority. It reproduces, in citable form and, for scholarly purposes, the report of the same name produced by the author for the Greater London Authority.
This article describes the sources of this data and explains where they can be found. Workforce employment data is a vital resource for many cities, underpinning many city planning decisions Other important data about cities , such as estimates of its economic output, often depend on it. To build a reliable picture of London’s economy, it is essential to understand where its estimates of workforce employment come from, what information they provide and how reliable they are.
The report explains what the term ‘workforce employment’ actually means, looks at the data sources that are used to obtain it, and discusses some of their limitations.
Appendix A, compiled by Peter Urwin of the University of Westminster, contains a study the GLA commissioned from Westminster University which analyses discrepancies between the UK’s two main primary sources of employment data – the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and the Annual Business Inquiry (ABI). Finally, it explains how GLA Economics selects and compiles its workforce employment series. Appendix B, compiled by Experian Business Studies, explains the statistical methods used to construct the data from the primary sources.
2003-09-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18101/1/MPRA_paper_18101.pdf
Freeman, Alan and Urwin, Peter (2003): The GLA’s London Workforce Employment Series. Published in: Greater London Authority Economics Papers (1 September 2003)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18113
2019-09-26T12:24:25Z
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18113/
A Fairer London: The Living Wage in London
Freeman, Alan
Leticia, Veruete-McKay
J80 - General
J81 - Working Conditions
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
This article describes the calculation of London’s first Living Wage, which was set in 2005. It reproduces, in citable form and, for scholarly purposes, the report of the same name produced by the authors for the Greater London Authority.
2005-03-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18113/1/MPRA_paper_18113.pdf
Freeman, Alan and Leticia, Veruete-McKay (2005): A Fairer London: The Living Wage in London. Published in: Greater London Authority Economics Papers (1 March 2005)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18249
2019-09-27T13:08:41Z
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18249/
Female Labor Force Participation in Urbanization Process: The Case of Turkey
Mustafa Kemal, Bicerli
Naci, Gundogan
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J82 - Labor Force Composition
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
Urbanization -as a worldwide pheonemenon- has increased its pace especially in the twentieth century in all over the World. Turkey is no exception of this process. In Turkey, urbanization has been accelerated since 1950 and it still carries on by increasing its speed. While only 25% of the population had lived in cities in 1927, nowadays this portion of the population has reached to aproximately 70.0 %. Like in many developing countries, women in rural labor markets of Turkey mostly work as unpaid family workers in agriculture and in some non-market activities such as home production and voluntary jobs. It is observed that from 1950’s to today women’s labor force participation rates (LFPRs) in urban areas have been diminished dramatically. Besides other factors that reduces women’s LFP in urban areas, ongoing migration from rural to urban areas seems to play the dominant role in this result. It appears that as a result of migration rural female workers are left without any jobs in the cities. Several factors can be taken into account to explain this transformation such as; cultural values against women’s participation in market work, women’s lack of education and marketable skills, unfavorable labor market conditions and increases in enrollment rates in all levels of schooling. In this paper, we have explained the characteristics, causes and dimensions of female labor force participation in urbanization process of Turkey.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18249/1/MPRA_paper_18249.pdf
Mustafa Kemal, Bicerli and Naci, Gundogan (2009): Female Labor Force Participation in Urbanization Process: The Case of Turkey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18277
2019-09-27T06:09:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3132
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3131
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433731
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433434
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3233
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18277/
Efficient coalition formation and stable coalition structures in a supply chain environment
Popp, Alexandru W. A.
M12 - Personnel Management ; Executives; Executive Compensation
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
M11 - Production Management
B40 - General
C71 - Cooperative Games
C44 - Operations Research ; Statistical Decision Theory
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
L23 - Organization of Production
C72 - Noncooperative Games
We study a real supply chain environment from which specific information and knowledge can be extrapolated for other similar environments. We focus our research on the analysis of the interactions between members forming different teams (and between the teams themselves), and on the leader’s management of the supply chain.
We note that there are many elements that contribute to the profitability of the network, which is dependent on the actions of the actors involved. We analyze certain characteristics that the actors have, such as their behavior, adaptation and learning levels, effort and willingness. Based on these components, we examine the performance of our actors and of the teams that the actors form.
We provide specific calculations that take into account most of the components determining the added value to the system. One of the advantages of our main formula is that it can be used to monitor the progress of the actors, as well as it can help in the identification of problematic aspects impeding in the creation of value for the system.
Our formula is very flexible and a modeler is able to adapt it to similar environments, providing him with great insight in the structures that he investigates.
We study certain theoretical games from which we uncover certain information and characteristics of similar environments and settings. Moreover, we provide a real life example in order to truly understand the mechanism of the network, and validate our theoretical assessments.
Moreover, we provide certain recommendations for a leader that is responsible for the supervision of actors (which have specific responsibilities) and the administration of a supply chain environment.
2009-10-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18277/1/MPRA_paper_18277.pdf
Popp, Alexandru W. A. (2009): Efficient coalition formation and stable coalition structures in a supply chain environment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18771
2019-10-03T13:07:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463136
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453237
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433032
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433139
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18771/
Влияние Трудовой Эмиграции на Рынок Труда в Латвии
Skribans, Valerijs
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
C02 - Mathematical Methods
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J00 - General
C19 - Other
C01 - Econometrics
After entering the European Union (EU) Latvia faced new possibilities in international labor market. In 2004 several member states opened their labor markets to workers from Latvia. The largest amount of labor force went to Ireland, Great Britain and Sweden. In these countries salaries were substantially higher than in Latvia, which contributed to labor migration from Latvia. The migration process has a significant influence on the labor market in Latvia: on the one hand it reduced the amount of unemployed, but, on the other hand, it caused workforce deficit in certain professions, as well as substantially influenced the level of salaries in the whole economy. These processes will also influence the future development of Latvia; therefore the research of these issues is very topical for Latvia. It is also important internationally, because in other countries, especially in the new EU member states, similar processes take place, and it is possible to elaborate a common EU labor force migration model by consolidating migration data of particular member states. Common EU labor force migration model would also be suitable for developed EU member states, in order to estimate the incoming flow of labor force and its influence on the development of national economy.
Aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of labor migration on the labor market in Latvia. In order to reach the aim, several tasks are set: to determine and to investigate the factors influencing labor market and labor migration; to consolidate influencing factors in a common system and to form labor market and labor migration system dynamic explanatory and forecasting model, based on it; to forecast the most important parameters of labor migration and labor market in Latvia.
This paper shows system dynamic model of labor market and labor migration in Latvia. The hypothesis of the research is: labor migration is determined primarily by the payment level in the countries under consideration and the indicator derived from it – payment differences in the countries compared; as well as employment level, unemployment level, number of work places (market capacity) and number of vacant work places. Secondary factors influencing migration may be costs connected with labor migration, formal legal barriers to migration and personal propensity to migrate. Statistics on the labor market in Latvia are not complete; there is also no common view of experts on determinant processes. In such circumstances market forecasting with quantitative methods is problematic. One approach is to simulate indicators and to estimate their influence on national economy. The model has three parts: growth (expansion) of labor force, division and migration sub models. The sub model for growth of labor force is based on division of population in various categories during transition to a working age population. Division by level of education is further used in labor market analysis in which worker groups are formed according to the education level.
The paper represents mutual interaction of groups of workers as well as labor migration. The results show sensitivity of the model factors to propensity of personnel for labor migration. The elaborated model and the results represented in this paper show that separate processes in national economy such as employment, unemployment and wages can be connected not with economic situation, but with the equalization processes in the EU. Under these circumstances it could be inefficient to fight with the increase of wages in Latvia, also to decrease wages, because in the long-term it can cause more severe problems in the development of national economy.
2009-10-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18771/1/MPRA_paper_18771.pdf
Skribans, Valerijs (2009): Влияние Трудовой Эмиграции на Рынок Труда в Латвии. Published in: Economics and Management: Current Issues and Perspectives , Vol. 15, No. 2 (19 November 2009): pp. 250-258.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18851
2019-09-30T00:11:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18851/
Work status and family planning: insights from the Italian puzzle
Sabatini, Fabio
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
This paper uses a dataset built by the author on the basis of raw data taken from different national surveys to carry out an investigation into the socio-economic determinants of couples’ childbearing decisions in Italy. Since having children is in most cases a “couple matter”, the analysis accounts for the characteristics of both the aspiring parents. Our results contradict theoretical predictions according to which the increase in the opportunity cost of motherhood connected to higher female labour participation is responsible for the fall in fertility. On the contrary, the instability of the women’s work status (i.e. their being occasional, precarious, and low-paid workers) reveals to be a significant and strong dissuasive deterrent discouraging the decision to have children. Couples with unemployed women are less likely to plan childbearing as well. Other relevant explanatory variables are age, current family size, and the strength of family ties.
2009-11-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18851/1/MPRA_paper_18851.pdf
Sabatini, Fabio (2009): Work status and family planning: insights from the Italian puzzle.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19010
2019-09-26T23:59:48Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463136
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19010/
How Do Trade, Foreign Investment, and Technology Affect Employment Patterns in Organized Indian Manufacturing?
Pradhan, Jaya Prakash
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
O30 - General
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
The present study investigates into the impact of trade, foreign investment, and technology on three different employment patterns in India’s organized manufacturing sector. These employment patterns cover three disadvantage categories of workers viz., women vis-à-vis men workers, contract vis-à-vis regular workers and unskilled vis-à-vis skilled workers. A conceptual and empirical framework has been developed linking these employment patterns to trade, foreign investment, and technology, and tested for a sample of Indian industries. The research suggests that trade has been employment promoting for women and unskilled workers while it has remain neutral between contract and regular workers. The impact of foreign investment has been observed to be negative for contract and unskilled workers. The overall impact of technology encompassing in-house R&D, foreign technology imports, and capital-intensity has been mostly negative for women and unskilled workers but positive for contract workers.
2005-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19010/1/MPRA_paper_19010.pdf
Pradhan, Jaya Prakash (2005): How Do Trade, Foreign Investment, and Technology Affect Employment Patterns in Organized Indian Manufacturing? Published in: Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 49, No. 2 (2006): pp. 249-272.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19297
2019-09-27T03:37:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19297/
An Econometric Analysis of Inter-State Variations in Women’s Labour Force Participation in India
Masood, Tariq
Ahmad, Mohd. Izhar
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J71 - Discrimination
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions
The study attempts to investigate the factors responsible for the inter-state variations in women’s labour force participation in India by using the NSSO 61st round (2004-05) data. Two separate regression models for rural and urban women between women’s labor force participation as dependent variable and its various possible determinants have been estimated to identify the factors determining the rural and urban women’s labour force participation by using cross sectional data of all states and union territories of India. Our findings suggest that Personal variables education and wages are significant determinants of urban women’s labour force participation but not of rural women’s labour force participation. Other important determinants of women’s labour force participation are sex ratio, Muslim population, SC and ST population and Unemployment rate.
2009-10-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19297/1/MPRA_paper_19297.pdf
Masood, Tariq and Ahmad, Mohd. Izhar (2009): An Econometric Analysis of Inter-State Variations in Women’s Labour Force Participation in India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19376
2019-09-28T00:04:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19376/
An Econometric Analysis of Inter-State Variations in Women’s Labour Force Participation in India
Masood, Tariq
Ahmad, Mohd. Izhar
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J71 - Discrimination
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions
The study attempts to investigate the factors responsible for the inter-state variations in women’s labour force participation in India by using the NSSO 61st round (2004-05) data. Two separate regression models for rural and urban women between women’s labor force participation as dependent variable and its various possible determinants have been estimated to identify the factors determining the rural and urban women’s labour force participation by using cross sectional data of all states and union territories of India. Our findings suggest that Personal variables education and wages are significant determinants of urban women’s labour force participation but not of rural women’s labour force participation. Other important determinants of women’s labour force participation are sex ratio, Muslim population, SC and ST population and Unemployment rate.
2009-10-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19376/1/MPRA_paper_19376.pdf
Masood, Tariq and Ahmad, Mohd. Izhar (2009): An Econometric Analysis of Inter-State Variations in Women’s Labour Force Participation in India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19574
2019-09-26T10:08:12Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3236
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19574/
Las reformas necesarias en el sistema de pensiones contributivas en España
Balmaseda, Manuel
Melguizo, Angel
Taguas, David
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
The debate on the reform of the pension system in Spain is not very lively, in contrast with the international experience. The Spanish economic boom since the mis nineties, the slowdown in the number of pensioners due to the retirement of the cohorts born during the Civil War, and the outstanding immigration flows have contributed to a transitory strengh of Social Security accounts. The paper aims at extending and fostering this public debate. We present an evaluation of the contriburoty pension system in Spain until 2059, based on recent demographic projections. We propose a set of simple indicators to evaluate periodically the situation and perspectives of the Social Security system. And we elaborate on the main reforms that may balance the Social Security Accounts, already implemented in Europe.
2006-02-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19574/1/MPRA_paper_19574.pdf
Balmaseda, Manuel and Melguizo, Angel and Taguas, David (2006): Las reformas necesarias en el sistema de pensiones contributivas en España. Published in: Moneda y Credito No. 222 (1 April 2006): pp. 313-340.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19687
2019-10-05T04:49:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19687/
The School Going Child Worker: An Analysis of Poverty, Asset Inequality and Child Education in Rural India
Chaudhuri, Sanjukta
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
O53 - Asia including Middle East
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
In examining child work and education in rural India, I find that Parental education and hours of non household child work demonstrate a U shaped relationship. I contend this is due to weak labor markets for skilled workers in rural India that creates a “high education trap.” This results in poverty and perpetuation of child work in households with highly educated parents. School attendance is feasible even for child workers, but is conditional on continuity of enrollment. At 30 hours of non household work per week, school enrollment in the previous year ensures that the probability of attendance in the current year is 93 percent.
2009-09-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19687/1/MPRA_paper_19687.pdf
Chaudhuri, Sanjukta (2009): The School Going Child Worker: An Analysis of Poverty, Asset Inequality and Child Education in Rural India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20337
2019-09-26T20:43:49Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503237
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20337/
Employment rate prognosis on the basis of the development environment trend displayed by years-clusters
Jaba, Elisabeta
Balan, Christiana
Roman, Monica
Viorica, Daniela
Roman, Mihai
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
P27 - Performance and Prospects
The authors analyze the dynamics of the employment rate in Romania and propose a forecast model for it.
In the paper we start with the hypothesis that the dynamics of the employment rate has a specific trend displayed by years-clusters differentiated on the value and the sign of the dynamics indexes of the phenomena by which we define the economic environment.
The forecast method that we propose takes into consideration the environment conditions in which the studied phenomenon evolves and it implies the use of statistical methods of multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis and Discriminant Analysis).
The application of such a forecast method supposes an algorithm that implies several stages: (1) the evaluation and synthesis of the inter-relations among the phenomena by which we describe the development environment employment rate dynamics; (2) the identification of the years-cluster to which the desired forecast horizon is classified; (3) the estimation of the employment rate dynamics for the specified forecast horizon. The proposed forecast model, examining the development environment of the influence factors, may be used for simulating forecast alternatives that can be considered for founding the economic development strategies.
2008-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20337/1/MPRA_paper_20337.pdf
Jaba, Elisabeta and Balan, Christiana and Roman, Monica and Viorica, Daniela and Roman, Mihai (2008): Employment rate prognosis on the basis of the development environment trend displayed by years-clusters. Published in: Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research No. 3-4 (December 2008): pp. 35-48.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20343
2019-09-27T04:32:31Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3236
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20343/
The impact of institutions on firms’ rejuvenation policies: Early retirement with severance pay versus simple lay-off. A Cross-European Analysis
Fischer, Justina AV
Sousa-Poza, Alfonso
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
Early retirement of workers is used by firms as means to rejuvenate their workforces. In principle, workers can either simply be laid off or can be offered an early retirement option combined with a financial bonus. However, dismissing masses of older workers may be detrimental to social peace and stability and damage the firm’s reputation, while entry into early retirement with a severance pay at least maintains the semblance of a worker’s voluntary decision. Cross-national analyses of this topic using micro data are, however, widely missing. Using the SHARE (Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe) data set, this paper fills this gap by investigating to what extent institutional factors such as the generosity of the pension system and strong unions influence firms’ rejuvenation policies. Stronger unions appear to lead to a higher likelihood of receiving a severance pay, as does a more generous pension system. In contrast, a higher decrease in wealth accrual leads to a higher probability of simple lay-off. It is concluded that the current reforms which aim at lowering the replacement rate and employment protection will most probably lead to more dismissals of older workers without severance pay.
2010-02-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20343/2/MPRA_paper_20343.pdf
Fischer, Justina AV and Sousa-Poza, Alfonso (2010): The impact of institutions on firms’ rejuvenation policies: Early retirement with severance pay versus simple lay-off. A Cross-European Analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20345
2019-09-30T11:45:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483231
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20345/
Taxation and the Earnings of Husbands and Wives
Gelber, Alexander
H21 - Efficiency ; Optimal Taxation
H31 - Household
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J12 - Marriage ; Marital Dissolution ; Family Structure ; Domestic Abuse
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
This paper examines the response of husbands' and wives' earnings to a tax reform in which husbands' and wives' tax rates changed independently, allowing me to examine the effect of both spouses' incentives on each spouse's behavior. I compare the results to those of more simplified econometric models that are used in the typical setting in which such independent variation is not available. Using administrative panel data on approximately 11% of the married Swedish population, I analyze the impact of the large Swedish tax reform of 1990-1. I find that in response to a compensated rise in one spouse's tax rate, that spouse's earned income rises, and the other spouse's earned income also rises. I test and reject a set of models in which the family maximizes a single utility function. A standard econometric specification, in which one spouse reacts to the other spouse's income as if it were unearned income, yields biased coefficient estimates. Uncompensated elasticities of earned income with respect to the fraction of income kept after taxes are over-estimated by a factor of more than three, and income effects are of the wrong sign. A second common specification, in which overall family income is related to the family's tax rate and income, also yields substantially over-estimated own compensated and uncompensated elasticities. Standard econometric specifications may substantially mis-estimate earnings responses to taxation.
2010-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20345/1/MPRA_paper_20345.pdf
Gelber, Alexander (2010): Taxation and the Earnings of Husbands and Wives.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20363
2019-09-28T04:55:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483231
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20363/
Taxation and the Earnings of Husbands and Wives
Gelber, Alexander
H21 - Efficiency ; Optimal Taxation
H31 - Household
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J12 - Marriage ; Marital Dissolution ; Family Structure ; Domestic Abuse
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
This paper examines the response of husbands' and wives' earnings to a tax reform in which husbands' and wives' tax rates changed independently, allowing me to examine the effect of both spouses' incentives on each spouse's behavior. I compare the results to those of more simplified econometric models that are used in the typical setting in which such independent variation is not available. Using administrative panel data on approximately 11% of the married Swedish population, I analyze the impact of the large Swedish tax reform of 1990-1. I find that in response to a compensated rise in one spouse's tax rate, that spouse's earned income rises, and the other spouse's earned income also rises. I test and reject a set of models in which the family maximizes a single utility function. A standard econometric specification, in which one spouse reacts to the other spouse's income as if it were unearned income, yields biased coefficient estimates. Uncompensated elasticities of earned income with respect to the fraction of income kept after taxes are over-estimated by a factor of more than three, and income effects are of the wrong sign. A second common specification, in which overall family income is related to the family's tax rate and income, also yields substantially over-estimated own compensated and uncompensated elasticities. Standard econometric approaches may substantially mis-estimate earnings responses to taxation.
2010-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20363/2/MPRA_paper_20363.pdf
Gelber, Alexander (2010): Taxation and the Earnings of Husbands and Wives.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20521
2019-09-27T16:43:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483231
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20521/
Taxation and the Earnings of Husbands and Wives
Gelber, Alexander
H21 - Efficiency ; Optimal Taxation
H31 - Household
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J12 - Marriage ; Marital Dissolution ; Family Structure ; Domestic Abuse
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
This paper examines the response of husbands' and wives' earnings to a tax reform in which husbands' and wives' tax rates changed independently, allowing me to examine the effect of both spouses' incentives on each spouse's behavior. I compare the results to those of more simplified econometric models that are used in the typical setting in which such independent variation is not available. Using administrative panel data on approximately 11% of the married Swedish population, I analyze the impact of the large Swedish tax reform of 1990-1. I find that in response to a compensated rise in one spouse's tax rate, that spouse's earned income rises, and the other spouse's earned income also rises. I test and reject a set of models in which the family maximizes a single utility function. A standard econometric specification, in which one spouse reacts to the other spouse's income as if it were unearned income, yields biased coefficient estimates. Uncompensated elasticities of earned income with respect to the fraction of income kept after taxes are over-estimated by a factor of more than three, and income effects are of the wrong sign. A second common specification, in which overall family income is related to the family's tax rate and income, also yields substantially over-estimated own compensated and uncompensated elasticities. Standard econometric approaches may substantially mis-estimate earnings responses to taxation.
2010-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20521/2/MPRA_paper_20521.pdf
Gelber, Alexander (2010): Taxation and the Earnings of Husbands and Wives.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20647
2019-10-02T17:50:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483231
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20647/
Taxation and the Earnings of Husbands and Wives
Gelber, Alexander
H21 - Efficiency ; Optimal Taxation
H31 - Household
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J12 - Marriage ; Marital Dissolution ; Family Structure ; Domestic Abuse
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
This paper examines the response of husbands' and wives' earnings to a tax reform in which husbands' and wives' tax rates changed independently, allowing me to examine the effect of both spouses' incentives on each spouse's behavior. I compare the results to those of more simplified econometric models that are used in the typical setting in which such independent variation is not available. Using administrative panel data on approximately 11% of the married Swedish population, I analyze the impact of the large Swedish tax reform of 1990-1. I find that in response to a compensated fall in one spouse's tax rate, that spouse's earned income rises, and the other spouse's earned income also rises. I test and reject a set of models in which the family maximizes a single utility function. A standard econometric specification, in which one spouse reacts to the other spouse's income as if it were unearned income, yields biased coefficient estimates. Uncompensated elasticities of earned income with respect to the fraction of income kept after taxes are over-estimated by a factor of more than three, and income effects are of the wrong sign. A second common specification, in which overall family income is related to the family's tax rate and income, also yields substantially over-estimated own compensated and uncompensated elasticities. Standard econometric approaches may substantially mis-estimate earnings responses to taxation.
2010-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20647/1/MPRA_paper_20647.pdf
Gelber, Alexander (2010): Taxation and the Earnings of Husbands and Wives.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20660
2019-09-27T12:10:24Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20660/
Le Rapport Industrie - Agriculture Et Le Developpement Economique
Albu, Lucian-Liviu
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
P24 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure ; Money ; Inflation
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
The structure of a national economy is generally correlated with the stage of economic development. In economic history, it was demonstrated a trend from a first stage when agriculture predominated to last stage when the sector of services is the largest. In this context, the complex relationship between industry and agriculture is analysed. Moreover, a set of models to simulate the structural changes and to quantify their impact on the general process of economic development are proposed. For Romania, as an eastern country prepared to enter in a long transition period, the impact of structural changes could be in the same time profitably but also dramatically. In this way, a number of variants regarding the future impact of structural changes on efficiency, energy and food consumption, quality of life, environment, etc. are comparatively analysed and few measures to be considered by policy makers are proposed.
1991-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20660/1/MPRA_paper_20660.pdf
Albu, Lucian-Liviu (1991): Le Rapport Industrie - Agriculture Et Le Developpement Economique. Published in: Doctoral Thesis: "Raportul industrie-agricultura si dezvltarea economica" (1991)
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21040
2019-09-27T20:12:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21040/
Upgrading or polarization? Occupational change in Britain, Germany, Spain and Switzerland, 1990-2008
Oesch, Daniel
Rodriguez Menes, Jorge
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
We analyze the pattern of occupational change over the last two decades in Britain, Germany, Spain and Switzerland: which jobs have been expanding – high-paid jobs, low-paid jobs or both? Based on individual-level data, we examine what hypothesis is most consistent with the observed change: skill-biased technical change, routinization, skill supply evolution or wage-setting institutions? Our analysis reveals massive occupational upgrading that closely matches educational expansion: employment expanded most at the top of the occupational hierarchy, among managers and professionals. In parallel, mid-range occupations (clerks and production workers) declined relative to those at the bottom (interpersonal service workers). This U-shaped pattern of upgrading is consistent with the routinization hypothesis: technology seems a better substitute for average-paid clerical and manufacturing jobs than for low-end service employment. Yet country differences in low-paid service job creation suggest that wage-setting institutions play an important role, channelling technological change into more or less polarized patterns of upgrading.
2010-01-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21040/1/MPRA_paper_21040.pdf
Oesch, Daniel and Rodriguez Menes, Jorge (2010): Upgrading or polarization? Occupational change in Britain, Germany, Spain and Switzerland, 1990-2008.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21201
2019-09-30T16:51:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21201/
A Survey on Labor Markets Imperfections in Mexico Using a Stochastic Frontier
Villa, Juan M.
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
It is assumed that observed labor income is the result of three stages across the job search process. From the reservation wage formation, the bargaining between employers and potential employees when the match, and finally a possible additional adjustment once the worker is completely hired. This paper provides a methodological proposal and an intuitive estimation of the wage gain due to the presence of labor market imperfections across those three stages.
The part of the wage that is explained by labor markets imperfections is estimated by performing a stochastic frontier model with panel data belonging to the Mexican labor survey -ENOE-. The results suggest that 82.7% of the variance of the wages of the subordinated workers is explained by market imperfections. Moreover, public labor offices and small firms are negatively correlated with their presence.
2009-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21201/1/MPRA_paper_21201.pdf
Villa, Juan M. (2009): A Survey on Labor Markets Imperfections in Mexico Using a Stochastic Frontier.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21557
2019-09-27T17:44:17Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463136
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453237
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433032
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433139
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21557/
Влияние Трудовой Эмиграции на Рынок Труда в Латвии
Skribans, Valerijs
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
C02 - Mathematical Methods
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J00 - General
C19 - Other
C01 - Econometrics
After entering the European Union (EU) Latvia faced new possibilities in international labor market. In 2004 several member states opened their labor markets to workers from Latvia. The largest amount of labor force went to Ireland, Great Britain and Sweden. In these countries salaries were substantially higher than in Latvia, which contributed to labor migration from Latvia. The migration process has a significant influence on the labor market in Latvia: on the one hand it reduced the amount of unemployed, but, on the other hand, it caused workforce deficit in certain professions, as well as substantially influenced the level of salaries in the whole economy. These processes will also influence the future development of Latvia; therefore the research of these issues is very topical for Latvia. It is also important internationally, because in other countries, especially in the new EU member states, similar processes take place, and it is possible to elaborate a common EU labor force migration model by consolidating migration data of particular member states. Common EU labor force migration model would also be suitable for developed EU member states, in order to estimate the incoming flow of labor force and its influence on the development of national economy.
Aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of labor migration on the labor market in Latvia. In order to reach the aim, several tasks are set: to determine and to investigate the factors influencing labor market and labor migration; to consolidate influencing factors in a common system and to form labor market and labor migration system dynamic explanatory and forecasting model, based on it; to forecast the most important parameters of labor migration and labor market in Latvia.
This paper shows system dynamic model of labor market and labor migration in Latvia. The hypothesis of the research is: labor migration is determined primarily by the payment level in the countries under consideration and the indicator derived from it – payment differences in the countries compared; as well as employment level, unemployment level, number of work places (market capacity) and number of vacant work places. Secondary factors influencing migration may be costs connected with labor migration, formal legal barriers to migration and personal propensity to migrate. Statistics on the labor market in Latvia are not complete; there is also no common view of experts on determinant processes. In such circumstances market forecasting with quantitative methods is problematic. One approach is to simulate indicators and to estimate their influence on national economy. The model has three parts: growth (expansion) of labor force, division and migration sub models. The sub model for growth of labor force is based on division of population in various categories during transition to a working age population. Division by level of education is further used in labor market analysis in which worker groups are formed according to the education level.
The paper represents mutual interaction of groups of workers as well as labor migration. The results show sensitivity of the model factors to propensity of personnel for labor migration. The elaborated model and the results represented in this paper show that separate processes in national economy such as employment, unemployment and wages can be connected not with economic situation, but with the equalization processes in the EU. Under these circumstances it could be inefficient to fight with the increase of wages in Latvia, also to decrease wages, because in the long-term it can cause more severe problems in the development of national economy.
2009-10-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21557/1/MPRA_paper_21557.pdf
Skribans, Valerijs (2009): Влияние Трудовой Эмиграции на Рынок Труда в Латвии. Published in: Economics and Management: Current Issues and Perspectives , Vol. 15, No. 2 (19 November 2009): pp. 250-258.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21709
2019-09-29T07:01:02Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463136
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453237
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433032
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433139
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21709/
Влияние Трудовой Эмиграции на Рынок Труда в Латвии
Skribans, Valerijs
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
C02 - Mathematical Methods
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J00 - General
C19 - Other
C01 - Econometrics
After entering the European Union (EU) Latvia faced new possibilities in international labor market. In 2004 several member states opened their labor markets to workers from Latvia. The largest amount of labor force went to Ireland, Great Britain and Sweden. In these countries salaries were substantially higher than in Latvia, which contributed to labor migration from Latvia. The migration process has a significant influence on the labor market in Latvia: on the one hand it reduced the amount of unemployed, but, on the other hand, it caused workforce deficit in certain professions, as well as substantially influenced the level of salaries in the whole economy. These processes will also influence the future development of Latvia; therefore the research of these issues is very topical for Latvia. It is also important internationally, because in other countries, especially in the new EU member states, similar processes take place, and it is possible to elaborate a common EU labor force migration model by consolidating migration data of particular member states. Common EU labor force migration model would also be suitable for developed EU member states, in order to estimate the incoming flow of labor force and its influence on the development of national economy.
Aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of labor migration on the labor market in Latvia. In order to reach the aim, several tasks are set: to determine and to investigate the factors influencing labor market and labor migration; to consolidate influencing factors in a common system and to form labor market and labor migration system dynamic explanatory and forecasting model, based on it; to forecast the most important parameters of labor migration and labor market in Latvia.
This paper shows system dynamic model of labor market and labor migration in Latvia. The hypothesis of the research is: labor migration is determined primarily by the payment level in the countries under consideration and the indicator derived from it – payment differences in the countries compared; as well as employment level, unemployment level, number of work places (market capacity) and number of vacant work places. Secondary factors influencing migration may be costs connected with labor migration, formal legal barriers to migration and personal propensity to migrate. Statistics on the labor market in Latvia are not complete; there is also no common view of experts on determinant processes. In such circumstances market forecasting with quantitative methods is problematic. One approach is to simulate indicators and to estimate their influence on national economy. The model has three parts: growth (expansion) of labor force, division and migration sub models. The sub model for growth of labor force is based on division of population in various categories during transition to a working age population. Division by level of education is further used in labor market analysis in which worker groups are formed according to the education level.
The paper represents mutual interaction of groups of workers as well as labor migration. The results show sensitivity of the model factors to propensity of personnel for labor migration. The elaborated model and the results represented in this paper show that separate processes in national economy such as employment, unemployment and wages can be connected not with economic situation, but with the equalization processes in the EU. Under these circumstances it could be inefficient to fight with the increase of wages in Latvia, also to decrease wages, because in the long-term it can cause more severe problems in the development of national economy.
2009-10-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21709/1/MPRA_paper_21709.pdf
Skribans, Valerijs (2009): Влияние Трудовой Эмиграции на Рынок Труда в Латвии. Published in: Economics and Management: Current Issues and Perspectives , Vol. 15, No. 2 (19 November 2009): pp. 250-258.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22059
2019-09-26T11:44:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3531
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22059/
Trade Unions and Industrial Relations in Switzerland
Oesch, Daniel
J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
Switzerland's system of industrial relations was for a long time synonymous for stability. Once the system of collective bargaining had been put into place at the beginning of the 1950s, Swiss trade unions settled into their role as subordinate partners in decentralized and consensual industrial relations. Stability came to an abrupt end in the 1990s, a decade that confronted trade unions with three major challenges. The first and foremost challenge arose from the unusually long recession of the early 1990s, which dealt a severe blow to membership in the traditional union strongholds. A second challenge was raised by the neoliberal turn in business organizations, which caught trade unions on the wrong foot. Thirdly, trade unions were challenged, at the end of the 1990s, by the imminent opening up of Switzerland’s labour market to the European Union. The liberalization of labour migration was threatening to undermine unions’ influence on wage-setting. These challenges – notably declining membership and the questioning of collective bargaining – put unions under pressure to initiate revitalization efforts. They took place on three different fronts. First, Swiss unions responded to the harsher economic context by investing more resources into political action, using direct democratic instruments to block neoliberal reforms. In parallel, they began to adopt new means of recruitment, targeting hitherto almost union-free private services, and resorted more frequently to strikes. Finally, the European wave of union mergers also seized the Swiss labour movement. Starting in the mid-1990s and gaining pace after 2000, a series of union mergers led to a profound restructuring of organized labour in Switzerland.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22059/1/MPRA_paper_22059.pdf
Oesch, Daniel (2010): Trade Unions and Industrial Relations in Switzerland.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22209
2019-09-26T19:47:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3238
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22209/
Job satisfaction in the Republic of Macedonia: The role of gender and education
Zeqiri, Izet
Aziri, Brikend
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J28 - Safety ; Job Satisfaction ; Related Public Policy
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J00 - General
J0 - General
J23 - Labor Demand
Recently there has been an increase on interest in the analysis of job satisfaction variables. Job satisfaction is correlated with certain types of employee behavior such as productivity, quits and absenteeism. In this paper four different measures of job satisfaction are related to two personal characteristics. The data used are from a survey conducted with 3.000 employees from different types of companies from the Republic of Macedonia. Four measures of job satisfaction that have been used are considered: satisfaction with amount of pay, satisfaction with possibilities for advancement, satisfaction with relations with supervisors and satisfaction with relations with coworkers. Also the connection of gender and level of education with job satisfaction are considered.
2010-04-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22209/1/MPRA_paper_22209.pdf
Zeqiri, Izet and Aziri, Brikend (2010): Job satisfaction in the Republic of Macedonia: The role of gender and education.
en
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