2024-03-29T09:28:32Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:843
2019-09-27T05:28:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/843/
Downward nominal wage rigidity in Poland
Brzoza-Brzezina, Michal
Socha, Jacek
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
J30 - General
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
We use data on enterprise level from a survey of medium sized and big companies to test for downward nominal wage rigidity in Poland. We find relatively weak support for downward
nominal wage rigidity when average total compensation in the enterprise is taken into
account. However, since this result may be affected by job rotation, we propose a method for eliminating its impact and find that downward wage rigidity becomes higher. Moreover,
disaggregating the data reveals strong differences between sectors, with no rigidity in highly competitive branches and significant rigidities in monopolized or state-owned sectors. Still, the amount of downward nominal wage rigidity seems lower than in other countries, although, due to differences in data sets, robust comparisons are not possible.
2006-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/843/1/MPRA_paper_843.pdf
Brzoza-Brzezina, Michal and Socha, Jacek (2006): Downward nominal wage rigidity in Poland.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1811
2019-09-29T14:36:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1811/
Micro-level evidence on wage rigidities in Finland
Böckerman, Petri
Laaksonen, Seppo
Vainiomäki, Jari
J30 - General
This paper analyses the flexibility of the Finnish labour markets from the microeconomic perspective by focusing on individual-level wage changes for job stayers. The study covers the private sector workers by using three separate data sets obtained from payroll records of employers’ associations. Two main conclusions from wage formation emerge. First, there has been macroeconomic flexibility in the labour market. Real wage rigidity declined during the early 1990’s recession and a large proportion of workers experienced real wage cuts. We also find that average wage changes respond negatively to an increase in unemployment. Second, the evidence based on individual-level wage change distributions show that especially real wages are definitely rigid in Finland in international comparison. In addition, the evidence points out that individual-level wage changes have regained the high levels of real rigidity during the late 1990s that prevailed in the 1980s, despite the continued high (but declining) level of unemployment.
2006-12-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1811/1/MPRA_paper_1811.pdf
Böckerman, Petri and Laaksonen, Seppo and Vainiomäki, Jari (2006): Micro-level evidence on wage rigidities in Finland.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3446
2019-10-05T04:53:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463132
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3446/
Trade and migration: a U-shaped transition in Eastern Europe
Cristobal, Adolfo
J30 - General
F22 - International Migration
F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies ; Fragmentation
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
This paper proposes a 2-country 3-region economic geography model that can account for the most salient stylized facts experienced by Eastern European transition economies during the 1990s. In contrast to the existing literature, which has favored technological explanations, trade liberalization and factor mobility are the only driving forces. The model correctly predicts that in the first half of the decade trade liberalization led to divergence in GDP per capita, both between the West and the East and within the East. Consistent with the data, in the second half of the decade, internal labor mobility in the East reversed this process, and convergence became the dominant force. The model furthermore shows that the same U-shaped pattern applies to relative industrialization of West and East, although within the East the hinterland continued to lose industry throughout the decade.
2007-06-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3446/1/MPRA_paper_3446.pdf
Cristobal, Adolfo (2007): Trade and migration: a U-shaped transition in Eastern Europe.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4018
2019-10-01T13:01:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4018/
An Empirical Study of Labour’s Share in Income for Australia
Macri, Joseph
Sinha, Dipendra
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
J30 - General
Economists have long been studying the shares of labour and capital in income. Surprisingly, no such empirical studies exist for Australia. This paper looks at a number of variables that can affect labour’s share in income: unemployment, capacity utilisation, growth rate of GDP and changes in the price level. Our study finds that the wage share is inversely related to unemployment, capacity utilisation and the growth rate of GDP but positively related to changes in prices.
1999-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4018/1/MPRA_paper_4018.pdf
Macri, Joseph and Sinha, Dipendra (1999): An Empirical Study of Labour’s Share in Income for Australia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4364
2019-09-27T01:06:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453330
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4364/
Nominal and real wage flexibility in EMU
Arpaia, Alfonso
Pichelmann, Karl
J0 - General
J30 - General
E30 - General
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
Both common macroeconomic shocks and country-specific developments have subjected the flexibility of wage setting mechanisms in the euro area to a stress test in recent years. Against this background, this paper takes a fresh look at wage flexibility in EMU and attempts to draw a few lessons from the experience of the early years. First, we set the stage for the analysis by providing a brief description of the stylised facts regarding nominal and real wage and unit labour cost developments in the euro area over the recent business cycle. Then, the paper presents an empirical assessment of wage inertia based on new econometric estimates of a Phillips-curve type wage equation across euro area countries and offers an interpretation of the main findings with respect to nominal and real wage flexibility. Finally, we investigate the cyclical responsiveness of relative competitive positions among euro area countries. We conclude that from a bird's eye perspective euro area wage and labour cost dynamics have been quite benign in the past couple of years. However, our estimates suggest that persistent cross-country differences in wage and labour cost developments have not always reflected warranted adjustment needs; they are rather indicative of an eventually insufficient degree of nominal and real wage flexibility in the euro area.
2007-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4364/1/MPRA_paper_4364.pdf
Arpaia, Alfonso and Pichelmann, Karl (2007): Nominal and real wage flexibility in EMU.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4456
2019-10-01T14:12:20Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3532
7375626A656374733D4D:4D32:4D3230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4456/
The Effect of External Incentives on Profits and Firm-Provided Incentives Strategy
Azar, Ofer H.
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
L20 - General
J30 - General
M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects
M20 - General
The article examines the firm's choice of incentives when workers face additional incentives (“external incentives”) to those provided by the firm, such as building reputation that improves the workers' prospects with other employers, or satisfaction from working well. Surprisingly, the firm might find it optimal to increase the incentives it provides following an increase in external incentives. Even if the firm reduces its incentives, however, total incentives unambiguously increase, leading to higher effort and profits. This implies that firms should try to increase the external incentives that their workers face; I suggest several ways firms can do so.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4456/1/MPRA_paper_4456.pdf
Azar, Ofer H. (2003): The Effect of External Incentives on Profits and Firm-Provided Incentives Strategy. Forthcoming in: Journal of Socio-Economics
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4457
2019-09-27T19:30:09Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443130
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3830
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3530
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4457/
Incentives and Service Quality in the Restaurant Industry: The Tipping – Service Puzzle
Azar, Ofer H.
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
D10 - General
L80 - General
J30 - General
M50 - General
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
Tipping is a significant economic activity (tips in the US food industry alone amount to about $42 billion annually) that was claimed to improve service quality and increase economic efficiency, because it gives incentives to provide excellent service, and therefore allows to avoid costly monitoring of workers. The article suggests that this common wisdom might be wrong. A simple model shows formally that tips can improve service only if they are sensitive enough to service quality. Empirical evidence suggests that tips are hardly affected by service quality. Nevertheless, rankings of service quality by customers are very high; the co-existence of these two findings is denoted "the tipping – service puzzle,” and several possible explanations for it are offered.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4457/1/MPRA_paper_4457.pdf
Azar, Ofer H. (2005): Incentives and Service Quality in the Restaurant Industry: The Tipping – Service Puzzle. Forthcoming in: Applied Economics
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5970
2019-09-28T16:08:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5970/
Arbeitszeitarrangements und Entlohnung Ein Treatment-Effects-Ansatz für Freiberufler, Unternehmer und abhängig Beschäftigte
Merz, Joachim
Böhm, Paul
Burgert, Derik
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J23 - Labor Demand
J30 - General
Traditionelle Wohlfahrtsanalysen, die sich alleine auf monetäre Einkommensangaben stützen, bedürfen der
Erweiterung um die zeitliche Dimension, zumal auch in den vergangenen Jahren der Vollzeitarbeitstag
anderen, flexibleren Arbeitszeitformen gewichen ist. Mit unserem Fokus auf die Frage, wer wann am Tage
arbeitet und welche Konsequenzen auf die Einkommenssituation damit verbunden sind, gehen wir über
traditionelle Arbeitsmarktanalysen hinaus, die Arbeitszeit allein in aggregierte Größen wie Voll- oder
Teilzeitbeschäftigung oder Wochenendarbeit unterteilt haben.
Während der erste Teil der Studie die Verteilung von Arbeitszeitarrangements – nach zeitlicher Lage und
ihrer Fragmentierung - und das daraus resultierende Einkommen beschreibt und sich dabei auf über 35 000
Zeittagebuchbeobachtungen der neuesten Zeitbudgeterhebung 2001/02 stützt, quantifiziert der zweite Teil
den Einfluss von Determinanten von arrangementspezifischen Einkommensfunktionen. Theoretisch steht
dabei die Humankapitaltheorie im markt- und nicht-marktmäßigen Zusammenhang Pate, die erweitert wird
um Strukturmerkmale der Zeitverwendung, den Arbeitsbedingungen des Partners, Charakteristika des
sozialen Netzwerkes, sowie haushaltsspezifische und regionale Merkmale. Der methodische Ansatz ist eine
‚treatment effects’-Schätzung der Einkommensfunktion nach einer individuellen, endogenen
Selektionsentscheidung für eine der Arbeitszeitkategorien.
2005-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5970/1/MPRA_paper_5970.pdf
Merz, Joachim and Böhm, Paul and Burgert, Derik (2005): Arbeitszeitarrangements und Entlohnung Ein Treatment-Effects-Ansatz für Freiberufler, Unternehmer und abhängig Beschäftigte.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5972
2019-09-28T21:41:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5972/
Timing, Fragmentation of Work and Income Inequality - An Earnings Treatment Effects Approach
Merz, Joachim
Böhm, Paul
Burgert, Derik
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J23 - Labor Demand
J30 - General
Traditional welfare analyses based on money income needs to be broadened by its time dimension. In the course of time the traditional full-time work is diminishing and new labour arrangements are discussed (keyword: flexible labour markets). Our study is contributing to economic well-being by adding insights into particular work effort characteristics - the daily timing of work and its fragmentation - and its resulting income distribution.
With our focus on ‘who is working when within a day with which earnings consequences’ we go beyond traditional labour market analyses with its working time division into aggregated full and part time work, working hours spread across a week and weekend, life time working etc.
Whereas the first part of our study is describing the distribution of timing and fragmentation of daily work time
and its resulting income based on more than 35.000 diaries of the recent German Time Budget Survey 2001/2002, the second part of our study quantifies determinants of arrangement specific earnings functions detecting significant explanatory pattern of what is behind. The economic theory behind is a human capital approach in a market and non-market context, extended by non-market time use, the partner’s working condition, social networking as well as household and regional characteristics. The econometrics use a treatment effects type interdependent estimation of endogenous participation (selection) in a daily working hour pattern (self-selection)and pattern specific earnings function explanation.
The overall result: Individual earnings in Germany are dependent on and significant different with regard to the
daily working hour arrangement capturing timing and fragmentation of work time. Market and non-market
factors are important and significant in explaining earnings.
2005-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5972/1/MPRA_paper_5972.pdf
Merz, Joachim and Böhm, Paul and Burgert, Derik (2005): Timing, Fragmentation of Work and Income Inequality - An Earnings Treatment Effects Approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5973
2019-09-28T21:39:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5973/
Arbeitszeitarrangements - Neue Ergebnisse aus der nationalen Zeitbudgeterhebung 2001/02 im Zeitvergleich zu 1991/92
Merz, Joachim
Burgert, Derik
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J23 - Labor Demand
J30 - General
Der Diskussion um neue Arbeitszeitarrangements und flexible Arbeitszeiten fehlt bislang die
empirische Grundlage auf der Basis von personenbezogenen Mikrodaten. Gegenstand unserer Studie
Arbeit ist es, Abweichungen vom Normalarbeitstag in zwei Dimensionen zu untersuchen: zum einen
in der zeitlichen Lage, zum anderen in der Frage, ob sich ein Arbeitstag mehrere, durch längere Pausen
unterbrochene Perioden der Arbeit unterteilt. Dazu wird neben deskriptiven Ergebnissen der sozioökonomischen
Charakteristika einzelner Arbeitszeitmuster auch ein Multinomiales Logit –Modell zur
Erklärung der Wahl eines Arbeitszeitarrangements herangezogen.
Unter Verwendung der beiden Zeitbudgeterhebungen des Statistischen Bundesamtes aus den Jahren
1991/92 und 2001/02 wird die Entwicklung von Mustern der Erwerbsarbeitszeit dargestellt. Dabei
stellt sich heraus, dass für den Zeitraum zwischen den Untersuchungen der Normalarbeitstag einen
erheblichen Rückgang im Anteil an den beobachteten Arbeitstagen aufweist.
Gleichzeitig ändern sich die sozio-ökonomischen Strukturmerkmale der Arrangements und die Gründe
für die Wahl eines Typs von Arbeitszeit. Weniger als noch zehn Jahre zuvor können z.B. pekuniäre
Anreize wie der Lohn oder das restliche Haushaltseinkommen die Entscheidung für ein Arrangement
erklären.
2005-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5973/1/MPRA_paper_5973.pdf
Merz, Joachim and Burgert, Derik (2005): Arbeitszeitarrangements - Neue Ergebnisse aus der nationalen Zeitbudgeterhebung 2001/02 im Zeitvergleich zu 1991/92.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5975
2019-09-28T15:31:31Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5975/
Wer arbeitet wann? Arbeitszeitarrangements von Selbständigen und abhängig Beschäftigten: Eine mikroökonometrische Analyse deutscher Zeitbudgetdaten
Merz, Joachim
Burgert, Derik
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J23 - Labor Demand
J30 - General
Mit der zeitlichen Flexibilisierung der Arbeitsmärkte und dem damit verbundenen Rückzug des
Normalarbeitstages treten neue Muster von Arbeitszeit auf. Auf Basis der deutschen
Zeitbudgeterhebung 1991/92 sollen Arbeitszeiten von Selbständigen und abhängig
Beschäftigten untersucht werden. Zunächst systematisiert der vorliegende Beitrag verschiedene
Verläufe des Arbeitstages. Dabei werden bilden sich vier Kategorien von Arbeitszeitmustern
heraus. Danach stellt sich die Frage, ob sich zwischen Selbständigen und abhängig
Beschäftigten Unterschiede in der Gestaltung des Arbeitstages feststellen lassen. Nach einer
deskriptiven Analyse der Kategorien, wird in einem Multinomialen Logit Modell neben dem
Berufsstatus der Einfluss sozio-ökonomischer Hintergrundvariablen auf die Entscheidung für
eine der Kategorien von Arbeitszeit geschätzt. Wir kontrollieren dabei u. a. für Variablen, die
der Humankapitaltheorie, den ‚new home economics’ und der Zeitverwendungsforschung
entliehen sind. Es zeigt sich, dass insbesondere Selbständige ohne Angestellte zu einem
atypischen Verhalten am neigen, das durch Arbeitszeiten am frühen Morgen und späten Abend
sowie Unterbrechungen kennzeichnet.
2004-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5975/1/MPRA_paper_5975.pdf
Merz, Joachim and Burgert, Derik (2004): Wer arbeitet wann? Arbeitszeitarrangements von Selbständigen und abhängig Beschäftigten: Eine mikroökonometrische Analyse deutscher Zeitbudgetdaten.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5978
2019-10-03T12:00:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3431
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5978/
Do high incomes reflect individual performance? The determinants of high incomes in Germany
Hirschel, Dierk
J41 - Labor Contracts
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
J30 - General
In neoclassical economic theory the level of individual income is predominantly determined by
individual job performance. Thus high incomes reflect the high marginal productivity of labour
of the affluent working population. While the scientific research of poverty has a long tradition,
nearly nothing is known about the rich. This study tries to diminish this research gap by
investigating the structure of high labour incomes in Germany. By revealing the determinants of
high incomes by descriptive and paneleconometric analyses mit Daten des Sozio-ökonomischen
Panels, we want to answer the question if high incomes are especially the result of individual
job performance or rather the result of social selection through social background or sexual
discrimination
2003-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5978/1/MPRA_paper_5978.pdf
Hirschel, Dierk (2003): Do high incomes reflect individual performance? The determinants of high incomes in Germany.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5980
2019-09-27T04:54:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5980/
Hohe Einkommen: Eine Verteilungsanalyse für Freie Berufe, Unternehmer und abhängig Beschäftigte
Merz, Joachim
Zwick, Markus
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J71 - Discrimination
J30 - General
Die Verteilung gesellschaftlicher Ressourcen ist von hoher gesellschafts- wie wirtschafts- und
sozialpolitischer Bedeutung. Was allerdings für eine fundierte Auseinandersetzung fehlt, sind
zuverlässige Daten vor allem zu den hohen Einkommen. Die vorliegende Studie soll dazu
beitragen, die Analyse der hohen Einkommen für Selbständige - mit ihren Freien Berufen und
Unternehmern - und abhängig Beschäftigte als zentrale Gruppen des Arbeitsmarktes und der
Gesellschaft, quantitativ und qualitativ zu fundieren.
Vor dem Hintergrund der hierfür an eine Datenbasis zu stellenden Anforderungen und den
vorhandenen amtlichen und nichtamtlichen Datenquellen charakterisieren wir unsere Mikrodatenbasis:
Die Lohn- und Einkommensteuerstatistik 1995, eine für die Analyse hoher Einkommen
besonders geeignete Vollerhebungs-Datenbasis. Wir beschreiben das ökonomische Einkommenskonzept
und die verwendete 10%Stichprobe mit ca. 3 Mio. anonymisierten Steuerpflichtigen.
Auf dieser Basis werden dann erstmals die Ergebnisse der Einkommensanalysen zur
Verteilung und Umverteilung über alle Einkommensbereiche und dann für alternative
Reichtumsgrenzen - Millionäre und. 200% des Mittelwertes - für Freie Berufe, Unternehmer und
abhängig Beschäftigte vorgestellt und diskutiert.
2003-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5980/1/MPRA_paper_5980.pdf
Merz, Joachim and Zwick, Markus (2003): Hohe Einkommen: Eine Verteilungsanalyse für Freie Berufe, Unternehmer und abhängig Beschäftigte.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6050
2019-10-05T17:15:39Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6050/
El asalariado agrícola en América Latina. Estado del conocimiento y propuesta de interpretación
Acosta Reveles, Irma Lorena
Q1 - Agriculture
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
A14 - Sociology of Economics
J30 - General
This article has two aims. First, provide a systematic review of academic contributions on agricultural wages. Secondly, introduce conceptual and methodological tools to understand the development of the Latin-American agriculture from 1980's to today. Of special importance is the development of labor relations in agriculture.
2006-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6050/1/MPRA_paper_6050.pdf
Acosta Reveles, Irma Lorena (2006): El asalariado agrícola en América Latina. Estado del conocimiento y propuesta de interpretación. Published in: Revista Electrónica Zacatecana sobre Población y Sociedad. Unidad Académica de Ciencias Sociales, UAZ , Vol. Año 6,, No. Issue 28 (June 2006): 0-16.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7932
2019-09-26T17:51:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7932/
International Differences in Wage Inequality: A New Glance with European Matched Employer-Employee Data
Hipolito, Simon
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J30 - General
Using unique international harmonized matched employer-employee microdata from the European Structure of Earnings
Survey for nine representative European countries, this comparative study examines the origin of international
differences in wage inequality. Our novel evidence uncovers that global wage inequality is highly correlated with the
magnitude of inter-firm wage differentials and that workplace- and job-related factors generally have a more significant
impact on within-country wage inequality than individual characteristics. On the whole, European countries exhibit
considerably different wage structures: they differ significantly not only in the extent of wage inequality but also in the
relative influence of factors shaping wage inequality. Comparative analyses reveal that although cross-country differences
in labour force composition play a part in the explanation, differences in distribution and, very specially, in labour market
prices of workplace and job characteristics are primary reasons contributing to international differences in wage
inequality.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7932/1/MPRA_paper_7932.pdf
Hipolito, Simon (2008): International Differences in Wage Inequality: A New Glance with European Matched Employer-Employee Data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8713
2019-09-26T17:16:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8713/
THE CONCEPT OF COMPARISON INCOME: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Drakopoulos, Stavros A.
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
B20 - General
J30 - General
Theories of social comparison have a long presence in the social sciences and have provided many useful insights. In economics, the idea of comparison, aspiration or relative income belongs to this theoretical framework. The first systematic usages of this idea can be found in the works of Keynes and Duesenberry. After these works the concept was relatively ignored by orthodox theorists until its recent re-appearance mainly in the fields of labour and macroeconomics. To the contrary, however, income comparisons continued to play a role in much of Keynesian inspired and Behavioural economics literature. In the last few years it has made a strong comeback in the literature of job satisfaction and of the economics of happiness. This paper attempts to trace the development of the concept in the modern history of economic thought. It also discusses the main theoretical implications of adopting income comparisons and possible reasons for its relative disregard by orthodox economics.
2008-05-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8713/1/MPRA_paper_8713.pdf
Drakopoulos, Stavros A. (2008): THE CONCEPT OF COMPARISON INCOME: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8748
2019-09-26T15:19:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483737
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503332
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503330
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483430
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3130
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483735
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503236
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8748/
EMERGENCE, ORGANIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS, AND DECLINE OF THE PIQUETERO MOVEMENT: A COMPARATIVE INSTITUTIONAL EXPLANATION
PONCE, ALDO
I30 - General
H77 - Intergovernmental Relations ; Federalism ; Secession
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
H41 - Public Goods
P32 - Collectives ; Communes ; Agriculture
J30 - General
P30 - General
H40 - General
J10 - General
H75 - State and Local Government: Health ; Education ; Welfare ; Public Pensions
J00 - General
D60 - General
P26 - Political Economy ; Property Rights
This paper offers an institutional explanation for the growth, organizational transformations, and decline of the piquetero social movement in Argentina, developed from a comparative perspective based on Latin America. I analyze which institutional arrangements, political actors, and configurations of power contributed to the success and decline of the piqueteros. Applying the basic principles of the rational choice approach, I find that the success, decline, and transformation of the organizational structures of the piquetero movement were mainly produced by a political cycle of deep political division within the ruling party (the Peronist party). Other socio-economic explanatory factors were the over-regulated Argentine labor market, and the exogenous impact of the Argentine economic crisis through relatively high unemployment rates.
2008-03-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8748/1/MPRA_paper_8748.pdf
PONCE, ALDO (2008): EMERGENCE, ORGANIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS, AND DECLINE OF THE PIQUETERO MOVEMENT: A COMPARATIVE INSTITUTIONAL EXPLANATION.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8845
2019-09-29T04:24:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3633
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3635
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8845/
Le "risque judiciaire" et les licenciements en France: le point de vue de l'économie du risque
Langlais, Eric
J63 - Turnover ; Vacancies ; Layoffs
J65 - Unemployment Insurance ; Severance Pay ; Plant Closings
K31 - Labor Law
J30 - General
Does dismissal law create a "judicial risk" to which french firms are exposed? The paper discusses the different arguments (Blanchard and Tirole (2003), Cahuc and Kramarz (2004), Munoz-Perez and Serverin (2005)) using the empirical available evidence together with basic tools in economics of uncertainty. We show that data on jugement appeals in front of Prud'Hommes suggest that employees exhibit a less risk averse attitude (and to the limit, they behave in fact in a risk seeking way) than usually observed on markets for risk (such as financial or insurance markets). On the other hand, we show that the motive called in french dismissal law "personal motive" is not perceived as better than the "economic motive" soon as firms are supposed to behave in a risk averse way. Conversally, when we compare the expected cost of a dismissal associated to each motive, we find that the result of the comparison is very sensible to the employee' seniority, to the rejection rate of employees' demand in front of the Prud'Hommes, and/or to the indirect cost of the dismissal.
2008-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8845/1/MPRA_paper_8845.pdf
Langlais, Eric (2008): Le "risque judiciaire" et les licenciements en France: le point de vue de l'économie du risque.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10849
2019-09-26T16:38:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3432
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3134
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3333
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423230
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10849/
Money, prices, wages, and ‘profit inflation’ in Spain, the Southern Netherlands, and England during the Price Revolution era, ca. 1520 - ca. 1650
Munro, John H.
O42 - Monetary Growth Models
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
J30 - General
N14 - Europe: 1913-
O14 - Industrialization ; Manufacturing and Service Industries ; Choice of Technology
N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
B20 - General
O52 - Europe
E20 - General
This article re-examines Earl Hamilton’s famous 1929 thesis on ‘Profit Inflation’ and the ‘birth of modern industrial capitalism’: namely, that the inflationary forces of the Price Revolution era produced a widening gap between prices and wages, thus providing industrial entrepreneurs with windfall profits, which they reinvested in larger-scale, more capital intensive forms of industry. Hamilton’s analyses of price and wage data for 16th- and 17th-century Spain, France, and England led him to conclude that: Spain had enjoyed virtually no ‘profit inflation’, since wages had generally kept pace with prices; and that early-modern England had experienced the greatest degree of such ‘profit inflation’. Such a contrast in their national economic experiences helps to explain, in Hamilton’s view, why Spain subsequently ‘declined’, while England became the homeland of the modern Industrial Revolution. A major reason for the significance and fame of the Hamilton thesis was its enthusiastic endorsement by John Maynard Keynes, in his Treatise of Money, published the following year, in 1930. Subsequently, the Hamilton ‘profit inflation’ thesis was subjected to severe attacks: by John Nef (1936-37) and David Felix (1956). But they had to rely on the same dubious and indeed often untrustworthy price and wage data for England and France (and of course on Hamilton’s data for Spain, which was of much higher quality). Both rightly noted that the proper comparison had to be made between industrial wages and industrial prices, not the price level in general. Since industrial prices generally rose less than did the overall price level (heavily weighted with foodstuffs), they found much less evidence for ‘profit inflation’ than had Hamilton. Nef developed a counter thesis to argue that sharply rising raw material costs, especially for wood and charcoal, forced industrialists to devise new furnace technologies to burn coal instead of wood or charcoal: changes that not inly reduced such costs but resulted in much larger-scale, more capital-intensive forms of industry. In this revised paper, I offer new data to demonstrate that neither the ‘energy’ nor the new furnace technologies took place until after the 1640s.
This study is based on newer sets of price and wage indices that appeared after their publications: those by Phelps Brown and Hopkins for England (which I have modified, after using their data sheets in the LSE Archives), and for this version, additional price date for England. For the southern Netherlands, I have utilized Herman Van der Wee Consumer Price Index. My analyses of both industrial prices and industrial wages suggest that, for England, there is more evidence for potential ‘profit inflation’, in some industries, than Nef or Felix had been willing to concede. But the major discovery was that the Antwerp region continuously experienced, over the 16th and 17th centuries, the contrary phenomenon: what Keynes had called ‘Profit Deflation’ (for him, a truly negative force), in that industrial wages rose faster than industrial prices. And yet indisputably the southern Netherlands had a much more industrialized and more rapidly growing economy than did England, at least until the Revolt of the Netherlands (1568-1609). The concept of ‘profit inflation’ is not, therefore, a useful analytical tool, if based only on labour costs.
This study concludes with a brief examination of the effects on inflation on two other factor costs: land, in terms of real rents, and capital, in terms of real interest rates, which did fall with inflation. In all likelihood both such costs did lag behind industrial prices in early-modern England and the Low Countries (and contrary to Eric Kerridge’s 1953 assertions on English rents), though real interest rates lagged more than did real rents. While disputing the Nef thesis, I do analyse the forms and nature of other new, larger-scale industries in this era (mining, metallurgy shipbuilding). I also provide a new appendix on the role of coinage debasements, as an another important monetary factor in determining regional differences in inflation rates; and this contradicts the almost universal assumption that debasements were irrelevant.
2008-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10849/1/MPRA_paper_10849.pdf
Munro, John H. (2008): Money, prices, wages, and ‘profit inflation’ in Spain, the Southern Netherlands, and England during the Price Revolution era, ca. 1520 - ca. 1650. Published in: História e Economia: Revista Interdisciplinar , Vol. 4, No. 1 (2008): pp. 13-71.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11199
2019-09-26T13:50:04Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4E:4E36:4E3633
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3637
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3130
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463230
7375626A656374733D4E:4E37:4E3733
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463130
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11199/
Hanseatic commerce in textiles from the Low Countries and England during the Later Middle Ages: changing trends in textiles, markets, prices, and values, 1290 - 1570
Munro, John H.
N63 - Europe: Pre-1913
L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather Goods; Household Goods; Sports Equipment
L10 - General
L20 - General
J30 - General
F20 - General
N73 - Europe: Pre-1913
F10 - General
N43 - Europe: Pre-1913
This paper analyses the major changes in textile products, production costs, prices, and market orientations during the era when the ‘draperies’ or cloth industries of the late-medieval Low Countries and England had become increasingly dependent upon northern markets and the German Hanseatic League as the major vehicle in marketing their textiles. In several previous articles, I had examined the major factors that had led to the industrial and commercial reorientations of the these cloth industries during the 14th and 15th centuries. In brief, the spreading stain of widespread warfare, piracy, and general insecurity, especially in the Mediterranean basin, from the 1290s (to the 1460s), led to a rise in transport and transaction costs that, in turn, had three major consequences for the Low Countries’ and England’s textile-based economies: (1) to cripple the export-oriented production of the very cheap and light fabrics, most of which had been sent to Mediterranean markets and had comprised the bulk of northern textile shipments to this region; (2) to encourage most draperies in the Low Countries and England to re-orient their export-oriented cloth production more and more towards high-priced ultra-luxury quality woollens, woven almost exclusively from the finer English wools, but wools that came to be burdened with high export taxes; and (3) to force these northern cloth industries, facing increasing difficulties in Mediterranean commerce, to become far more dependent on Hanseatic merchants and German towns for their cloth sales, certainly by the mid-14th century. But in effecting these industrial and commercial orientations, the Low Countries’ draperies encountered a new and even more dangerous challenge from expanding English competition in textiles, which enjoyed the signal advantage of control over high quality wools, which, for the domestic cloth industry, were tax-free and much cheaper. Nevertheless, for reasons outlined in this and earlier papers, the English took well more than a century to achieve final victory in the woollen broadcloth trade, though one that came to be fundamentally based upon German commercial forces, along with other commercial, monetary, and industrial factors outlined in this paper. Obeying the law of comparative advantage, the textile industries of the Low Countries responded to this English victory by once more re-orienting production to cheaper cloths, especially cheap, light worsted-says; but they were able to do so only when structural changes in European markets and trading networks, with falling transaction costs, from the later 15th century, once more favoured the export-oriented production of such cheap textiles. The major contributions of this paper, however, also lie in analysing production, product, cost, and prices changes in textiles, both cheap worsted and luxury woollens, in terms of 15 tables: (1) English wool and broadcloth exports, 1281-1550; (2) Production indices for the woollen cloth industries of the southern Low Countries, 1316-1575; (3) Production indices for the Hondschoote sayetterie and Leiden woollen industry, 1376-1570; (4 - 7) Prices and relative values of Ghent woollens: in terms of values of commodity baskets and a mason’s daily wage: 1331-1570 (no. of days’ wages to buy one cloth); (8) Prices of English woollen cloths at Cambridge and Winchester: and values in terms of a mason’s daily wage; and mean values of English cloth exports in pounds sterling, groot Flemish, and florins; (9) Prices of various Flemish woollen broadcloths, compared to the Flemish composite price index: 1351-1550; (10) Prices of various Brabantine woollen cloths, compared to the Brabant composite price index; and the no. of days’ wages for a master mason to buy one Mechelen broadcloth, 1351-1520; (11) Prices of Hondschoote Says and Ghent Dickedinnen Woollens, in pounds groot Flemish, compared with the purchasing power an Antwerp master mason's daily wages; (12) Purchase prices of Ghent woollens: by rank order of values, 1360-69: in pounds groot Flemish, units of Commodity Baskets of equivalent value, and the number of a master mason’s day’s wages required to purchase each cloth (from the cheapest to highest priced); (13) Dimensions, composition, and weights of selected Flemish and English textiles, 1456-1579; (14) Prices of and taxes on exported English wools (sacks), 1211-1500: (15) Prices of English Wools (48 grades) sold at the Calais Staple, in 1475 and 1499.
2007-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11199/1/MPRA_paper_11199.pdf
Munro, John H. (2007): Hanseatic commerce in textiles from the Low Countries and England during the Later Middle Ages: changing trends in textiles, markets, prices, and values, 1290 - 1570. Published in: Von Nowgorod bis London: Studien zu Handel, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im mittelalterlichen Europa: Festschrift für Stuart Jenks zum 60. Geburtstag, Nova Mediaevalia, Quellen und Studien zum europäischen Mittelalter , Vol. 4, No. 1 (September 2008): pp. 97-182.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11209
2019-09-26T09:50:29Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4E:4E36:4E3633
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463430
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3333
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3434
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3530
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11209/
Builders’ wages in southern England and the southern Low Countries, 1346 -1500: a comparative study of trends in and levels of real incomes
Munro, John H.
N63 - Europe: Pre-1913
N13 - Europe: Pre-1913
J30 - General
F40 - General
N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
J10 - General
J44 - Professional Labor Markets ; Occupational Licensing
J50 - General
N43 - Europe: Pre-1913
The traditional and almost universal method of expressing real wages is by index numbers, according to the formula: RWI = NWI/CPI: i.e., the real wage is the quotient of the nominal (money) wage index divided by the consumer price index, all employing a common base period (here: 1451-75 = 100). This method is very useful in comparing long-term trends, and in ascertaining whether changes in nominal (money) wages or changes in the price level were paramount in determining changes in real wages. But it does not permit us to make any judgements about the levels of real wages and thus does not permit us to make comparisons of real wages amongst different regions. This paper presents a new method of presenting and comparing real wages, and one that may also be independent of any common base period. This particular paper compares the actual changing levels of real wages for building craftsmen and their journeymen-labourers in southern England, Flanders, and Brabant, in the late medieval era (1346-1500): and the real wage is expressed here as the number of very similar ‘baskets of consumables’ that a craftsmen and his journeyman could each purchase with his annual money wage income, based on 210 days of employment each year. Using the working papers for Phelps Brown & Hopkins’ very famous price and real-wage indexes for England (1264-1954), which were presented only in disembodied index numbers, I was able to compute the annual values of all commodities in their ‘basket of consumables’ and thus the total value in pence sterling. Herman Van der Wee had constructed a price-index for the Antwerp region (1400-1700), with annual values in pence groot Brabant (but still converted into index numbers); and I have produced a similar price index for Flanders (1348-1500), with annual values in pence groot Flemish. All three baskets have very similar contents. All wages and prices are expressed in terms of quinquennial (five-year) harmonic means
The results of this comparative analysis are best expressed in the nine graphs that accompany this paper. But some brief conclusions may be stated here. First (as I had contended in two recent articles) the Black Death did not usher in a ‘golden age of the labourer’ in either England or Flanders, but was instead followed by a quarter century of falling real wages, because rampant inflation erased and countered the gains in nominal (money) wages. Real wages rose in the very late 14th and early 15th century because of a combination of institutional wage-stickiness and deflation. In the Low Countries, beset with war-induced and very inflationary coinage debasements, real wages again fell until the late 1430s, rising thereafter only with monetary stability, deflation, and ‘wage-stickiness; but then falling once more from the 1460s, because of warfare and debasement-induced inflations (to the 1490s). This evidence refutes the almost universally accepted axiom that the real wage is determined entirely by the marginal revenue product of labour. I do not, however, completely rule out the role of changes in productivity, though I offer the hypothesis that regional differences in Total Factor Productivity (and some degree of factor immobility) must be called upon to explain marked differences in real wages.
The most striking difference is that, at the time of the Black Death, real wages for master building craftsmen in southern England were only a third of those enjoyed by master craftsmen in Bruges; but by the 1480s, when inflation was far more serious in Flanders than in England, that gap had narrowed to just about 80 percent of that for the Bruges craftsmen, still the best paid in north-west Europe. In Bruges, the craftsmen’s journeymen did not fare as well, however, earning only half the master’s wage, while the English journeymen came to earn two-thirds of their masters’ wage by the 15th century – and sometimes, during periods of severe debasement-induced inflations in Flanders, the English journeyman’s real wage was slightly higher than that for his Bruges counterpart. In general, English building craftsmen fared better than their counterparts in Antwerp, earning somewhat less in the early 15th century, but more in the last third of the century, when inflations from severe coinage debasements again reduced real wages in the Low Countries.
2004-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11209/1/MPRA_paper_11209.pdf
Munro, John H. (2004): Builders’ wages in southern England and the southern Low Countries, 1346 -1500: a comparative study of trends in and levels of real incomes. Published in: L’Edilizia prima della rivoluzione industriale, secc. XIII-XVIII, Atti delle “Settimana di Studi” e altri convegni, Istituto Internazionale di Storia Economica F. Datini , Vol. 36, No. 1 (May 2005): pp. 1013-1076.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11798
2019-10-01T07:51:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11798/
Interacting nominal and real labour market rigidities
Vogel, Lukas
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J23 - Labor Demand
J30 - General
Abstract: This note investigates the interaction between nominal and real labour market rigidities. It shows nominal wage rigidity to have little effect on the welfare loss from labour adjustment costs under a labour supply shock. This implies that the second best effect of nominal price stickiness under real wage persistence studied in Duval and Vogel (2007) does not apply to the propagation of supply shocks under nominal wage rigidity and labour adjustment costs.
2008-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11798/1/MPRA_paper_11798.pdf
Vogel, Lukas (2008): Interacting nominal and real labour market rigidities.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12119
2019-09-27T16:33:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12119/
1958-2008, avatars et enjeux de la courbe de Phillips
Le Bihan, Hervé
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
B22 - Macroeconomics
J30 - General
The Phillips curve is fifty years old. Since Phillips (1958)'s original contribution this econometric relationship has undergone many criticisms and evolutions. The Phillips curve yet remains a fundamental tool for inflation forecasting and monetary policy analysis.
This paper reviews the various versions of the Phillips curve, using reearch carried out at the Banque de France for illustration purpose, and discusses the main issues associated with this relation.
2008-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12119/1/MPRA_paper_12119.pdf
Le Bihan, Hervé (2008): 1958-2008, avatars et enjeux de la courbe de Phillips.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12314
2019-09-27T16:50:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3830
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3635
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12314/
Labour Market Flexibility: the Case of Visegrad Countries
Tvrdon, Michal
F15 - Economic Integration
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J80 - General
J65 - Unemployment Insurance ; Severance Pay ; Plant Closings
J30 - General
The presented article deals with labour market institutions and labour market flexibility in the Visegrád countries. We can find out in theoretical literature a traditional set of institutional aspects such as employment protection legislation, structure of wage bargaining, taxation of labour, active labour market policies, the system of unemployment and social benefits. All these aspects determine the institutional framework of the labour market. Theoretical literature also has defined labour market flexibility as an instrument for adjustment process in case of asymmetric shock. The article is composed of the comparative analysis of selected criteria and corresponding economic indicators of the EU member states (EU-15 and V-4). The evidence shows that the values of labour market flexibility in the Visegrád group countries were higher than average of old EU-15 member states.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12314/2/MPRA_paper_12314.pdf
Tvrdon, Michal (2007): Labour Market Flexibility: the Case of Visegrad Countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12409
2019-09-29T07:40:18Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3338
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12409/
State Intervention and Labour Market in India: Issues and Options
Majumder, Rajarshi
Mukherjee, Dipa
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J38 - Public Policy
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
K31 - Labor Law
J30 - General
J23 - Labor Demand
State interventions into Labour policies in India are directed towards ensuring both job security and income security. In this paper we look at likely impact of such policies. The laws are found to serve the organised workers primarily while large masses of unorganised workers are without any security. To escape legislations, employers have substituted labour by capital, hired casual workers, and set up ancillary units. Consequently, output elasticity of employment has consistently declined and there is marked casualisation of workforce. Legislations have thus institutionalised and perpetuated labour market dualism. Reforms herein are necessary but should be implemented in a careful and phased manner to avoid deteriorating conditions in both the sectors in the name of uniformity. Linking retrenchment with Area Regeneration Programmes; upgrading employability quotient through training; allowing employers to transfer workers between units; providing easy credit and technical consultancy; and cooperative formation would help the workers.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12409/1/MPRA_paper_12409.pdf
Majumder, Rajarshi and Mukherjee, Dipa (2008): State Intervention and Labour Market in India: Issues and Options. Published in: K.K. Bagchi (ed) State, Labour and Development: An Indian Perspective, Abhijeet Publications (2008)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12534
2019-10-02T02:42:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12534/
"Yes Men," Integrity, and the Optimal Design of Incentive Contracts
Ewerhart, Christian
Schmitz, Patrick W.
D20 - General
J30 - General
In a pioneering approach towards the explanation of the phenomenon of "yes man" behavior in organizations, Prendergast (1993) argued that incentive contracts in employment relationships generally make a worker distort his privately acquired information. This would imply that there is a trade-off between inducing a worker to exert costly effort and inducing him to tell the truth. In contrast, we show that with optimally designed contracts, which we term integrity contracts, the worker will both exert effort and report his information truthfully, and that hence the first best can be achieved.
2000
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12534/1/MPRA_paper_12534.pdf
Ewerhart, Christian and Schmitz, Patrick W. (2000): "Yes Men," Integrity, and the Optimal Design of Incentive Contracts.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12814
2019-09-30T17:34:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463032
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12814/
Globalisation and Employment: A Prelude
Majumder, Rajarshi
J60 - General
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J30 - General
Globalisation has proceeded at an unimagined pace in the last few decades. While it has resulted in high growth of global income, questions are raised about the equity of such growth. Disparity seems to be aggravating, as globalisation seems to be depressing the labour market. Unemployment is rising, both absolutely and as proportion of labour force, especially in developing regions. Elasticity of employment is low and falling further. Whatever little employment expansion is occurring is mostly vulnerable in nature, remuneration levels are scanty, and working poverty is substantially high. Using a Globalisation Index, it is observed that except the developed countries, pace and levels of globalisation are affecting the labour market negatively. Employment growth and elasticities are lower in regions that have had rapid globalisation. Institutional mechanism and improving social security for workers must therefore precede global integration of the economy.
2008-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12814/1/MPRA_paper_12814.pdf
Majumder, Rajarshi (2008): Globalisation and Employment: A Prelude. Published in: Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 51, No. 4 (December 2008)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13847
2019-09-26T15:27:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13847/
Low wage work in high employment growth economy, Spain 1994-2004
Muñoz de Bustillo, Rafael
Antón, José-Ignacio
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J30 - General
The aim of this paper is to study in a comprehensive way and with the best and most updated information available the size, evolution, characteristics and welfare implications of low wages in Spain from 1994 to2004. In order to do so we have exploited in a consistent way the 8 waves of the European CommunityHousehold Panel (1994-2001), the new Survey on Income and Living Conditions 2004 and the Structureof Earnings Survey, 2002. The analysis covers the level and evolution of wave inequality, the level of low wage employment, the characteristics of the workers holding low wage jobs, the geographical distributionof low wage employment, and the overlapping between employment, low wage jobs and poverty
2007-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13847/1/MPRA_paper_13847.pdf
Muñoz de Bustillo, Rafael and Antón, José-Ignacio (2007): Low wage work in high employment growth economy, Spain 1994-2004. Published in: Investigación Económica , Vol. 261, No. 66 (July 2007): pp. 119-145.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15061
2019-10-02T04:48:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3333
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15061/
Micro-level Rigidity vs. Macro-level Flexibility: Lessons from Finland
Böckerman, Petri
Laaksonen, Seppo
Vainiomäki, Jari
J33 - Compensation Packages ; Payment Methods
J30 - General
This paper explores the wage flexibility in Finland. The study covers the private sector workers by using three data sets from the payroll records of employers’ associations. The data span the period 1985-2001. The results reveal that there has been macroeconomic flexibility in the labour market. Average real wages declined during the early 1990’s depression and a large proportion of workers experienced real wage cuts. However, the evidence based on individual-level wage change distributions shows that especially real wages are rigid. In particular, individual-level wage changes have regained the high levels of real rigidity during the late 1990s that prevailed in the 1980s, despite the continued high (but declining) level of unemployment.
2009-05-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15061/1/MPRA_paper_15061.pdf
Böckerman, Petri and Laaksonen, Seppo and Vainiomäki, Jari (2009): Micro-level Rigidity vs. Macro-level Flexibility: Lessons from Finland.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15294
2019-09-26T12:35:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15294/
Desempleo, pobreza y estrategias de protección social: Perú 1998-2005
Yamada, Gustavo
Montero, Ricardo
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
D60 - General
J30 - General
This paper uses information from a panel based on Peruvian National Household Surveys between 1998 and 2005 to quantitatively estimate the impacts that the loss of a job from a household member has. We find the following effects in the short run: a) reduces family income by 27%, b) reduces household’s real expenditures by 7%, c) diminishes the digested calories by 13%, and d) increases the probability of poverty by 44%. According to our results, the most effective strategy to mitigate these negative impacts on welfare would be an increase in the number of hours worked at the family level. Internal family transfers, receiving remittances from relatives abroad, and access to state social programs would be less effective. Finally, the benefit of the compensation for length of service (CTS) in the previous job would have no impact on halting the loss of welfare.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15294/1/MPRA_paper_15294.pdf
Yamada, Gustavo and Montero, Ricardo (2008): Desempleo, pobreza y estrategias de protección social: Perú 1998-2005.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15597
2019-10-03T04:11:40Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3531
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15597/
Towards a Hierarchical Approach to Trade Union Behaviour
Drakopoulos, Stavros A.
J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
J30 - General
The main starting point of this paper is the idea that trade unions do not only care about real wage level but also about a reference or aspiration wage level. After citing a number of empirical works, the paper argues that the attainment of the reference wage is a priority for the union. This implies that there is a hierarchical character in union objectives. A two-step union utility function is suggested in order to capture the change in priority once the prime objective (the reference wage level) was reached. The analysis is conducted in an efficient bargain framework, and shows that employment-wage combinations come into the picture only when the reference wage is reached. In a unionized economy, this implies that substantial increases in employment will take place only after the union reference wage has been met.
1995-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15597/1/MPRA_paper_15597.pdf
Drakopoulos, Stavros A. (1995): Towards a Hierarchical Approach to Trade Union Behaviour. Published in: Economic Notes , Vol. 25, No. No 1 (1996): pp. 47-56.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15649
2019-09-28T04:39:57Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453235
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15649/
Understanding labour income share dynamics in Europe
Arpaia, Alfonso
Pérez, Esther
Pichelmann, Karl
E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
J30 - General
This paper seeks to understand labour share dynamics in Europe over the medium run. After documenting basic empirical regularities, we quantify the contribution of shifts in the sectoral and the employment composition of the economy to labour share movements. The findings from the
shift-share analysis being on the descriptive side, we next identify the factors underlying labour share behaviour through a model-based approach. We proceed along the lines of Bentolila and Saint Paul (2003) but adopt a production function with capital-skill complementarity. We show that labour share movements are driven by a complex interplay of demand and supply conditions for capital and different skill categories of labour, the nature of technological progress and imperfect market structures. Based upon robust calibration, we show that most of the declining pattern in labour shares in nine EU15 Member States is governed by capital deepening in conjunction with capitalaugmenting
technical progress and labour substitution across skill categories. Although institutional factors also play a significant role, they appear to be of somewhat less importance. To illustrate the relevance of the technological explanation we quantitatively assess the dynamic impact of a permanent reduction in the fraction of unskilled employment on the labour share. We find that, for
a given elasticity of substitution between skilled and unskilled labour, the more skilled labour is complementary to capital, the more pronounced the decline in the labour share.
2009-05-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15649/1/MPRA_paper_15649.pdf
Arpaia, Alfonso and Pérez, Esther and Pichelmann, Karl (2009): Understanding labour income share dynamics in Europe. Published in: Economic Papers (working papers series) , Vol. 2009, No. 379
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15748
2019-09-26T09:39:09Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
7375626A656374733D45:4535:453531
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3434
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3333
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3430
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D45:4534:453430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15748/
Before and after the Black Death: money, prices, and wages in fourteenth-century England
Munro, John H.
I30 - General
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
E51 - Money Supply ; Credit ; Money Multipliers
N13 - Europe: Pre-1913
J01 - Labor Economics: General
N44 - Europe: 1913-
J30 - General
N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
J40 - General
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
E40 - General
One of the most common myths in European economic history, and indeed in Economics itself, is that the Black Death of 1347-48, followed by other waves of bubonic plague, led to an abrupt rise in real wages, for both agricultural labourers and urban artisans – one that led to the so-called ‘Golden Age of the English Labourer’, lasting until the early 16th century. While there is no doubt that real-wages in mid- to late- 15th century England did reach a peak far higher than that ever achieved in past centuries, real wages in England did not, in fact, rise in the immediate aftermath of the Black Death. In southern England, real wages of building craftsmen (rural and urban), having plummeted with the natural disaster of the Great Famine (1315-21), thereafter rose to a new peak in 1336-40. But then their real wages fell during the 1340s, and continued their decline after the onslaught of the Black Death, indeed into the 1360s. Not until the later 1370s – almost thirty years after the Black Death – did real wages finally recover and then rapidly surpass the peak achieved in the late 1330s. Thereafter, the rise in real wages was more or less continuous, though at generally slower rates, during the 15th century, reaching a peak in 1476-80 – at a level not thereafter surpassed until 1886-90, by the usual methods of calculating real wages with index numbers: i.e., by NWI/CPI = RWI [nominal wage index divided by the consumer price index equals the real wage index].
Most of the textbooks that still perpetuate the myth about the role of the Black Death in raising real wages, as an almost immediate consequence, employ a demographic model based on Ricardian economics, which predicts (ceteris paribus) that depopulation will result in falling grain prices and thus in falling rents on grain-producing lands (on land in general) and in rising real wages. The fall in population – perhaps as much as 50 percent by the late 15th century (from the 1310 peak) – presumably altered the land:labour ratio sufficiently to increase the marginal productivity of labour and thus its real wage (though in economic theory the real wage is determined by the marginal revenue product of labour). The rise in real wages would also have been a product of the fall in the cost of living, chiefly determined by bread-grain prices, whose decline would have been the inevitable result of both the abandonment of high-cost marginal lands and the rise in the marginal productivity of agricultural labour. But the evidence produced in this study demonstrates that the Black Death was followed, in England, by almost thirty years of high grain prices – high in both nominal and real terms; and that was a principal reason for the post-Plague behaviour of real wages.
This study differs from all traditional models by examining the role of monetary forces in producing deflation in the second and final quarters of the fourteenth century, but severe inflation in between those quarters (i.e., from the early 1340s to the mid 1370s). The analysis of the evidence on money, prices, and wages in this study concludes that monetary forces and the consequent behaviour of the price level – in terms of those deflations and intervening inflation – were the most powerful determinant of the level of real wages (i.e., in terms of the formula: NWI/CPI = RWI). Thus the undisputed rise in nominal or money wages following the Black Death was literally ‘swamped’ by the post-Plague inflation, so that real wages fell. Conversely, the rise of real wages in the second quarter of the fourteenth century was principally due to a deflation in which consumer prices fell much more than did nominal wages. In the final quarter of the century, the even stronger rise in real wages was principally due to another deflation in which consumer prices fell sharply, but one in which, for the first time in recorded English history, nominal wages did not fall: an era that inaugurated the predominance of wage-stickiness in English labour markets for the next six centuries. But that perplexing phenomenon of downward wage-stickiness must be left to other studies.
The 14th century is the most violent one before the 20th; and violent disruptions from plague, war, and civil unrest undoubtedly produced severe supply shocks and high (relative) prices. Europe also experienced more severe oscillations in monetary changes and consequently in price levels – i.e., the aforesaid deflations and intervening inflation – during the 14th century than in any other before the 20th.
2004-12-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15748/1/MPRA_paper_15748.pdf
Munro, John H. (2004): Before and after the Black Death: money, prices, and wages in fourteenth-century England. Published in: New Approaches to the History of Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Selected Proceedings of Two International Conferences at The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters in Copenhagen, Historisk-filosofiske Meddelser , Vol. 104, (February 2009): pp. 335-364.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16574
2019-09-27T16:36:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16574/
The Impact of Taxes on Employment and Economic Growth in Industrialized Countries
Seward, Thomas
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
H20 - General
J30 - General
Looking at economic trends in industrialized countries during the time frame 1965 to 1995, there has been an upward trend in unemployment, which appears to be related to the slowdown of economic growth. However, the relation between unemployment and a slowing growth pattern stems from an external variable: a rapid increase in the cost of labor. There are many factors behind the rise of labor costs, but the most significant reason is from higher taxes being placed on labor. Increasing labor taxes have two primary effects on employment and growth. First, the demand for labor is decreased as the cost rises, therefore creating unemployment. Second, because the cost of labor rises, firms will begin replacing labor with capital until the marginal product of capital falls, diminishing the incentive for investment and growth. The empirical evidence found in this paper proves this theory is accurate as a 10 percentage point increase in the tax rate on labor increase the unemployment rate by 5.3 percentage points and decreases growth by 2.1 percentage points.
2008-04-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16574/1/MPRA_paper_16574.pdf
Seward, Thomas (2008): The Impact of Taxes on Employment and Economic Growth in Industrialized Countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17212
2019-09-28T04:40:48Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17212/
The Economic Impact of Migration: Productivity Analysis for Spain and the United Kingdom
Kangasniemi, Mari
Mas, Matilde
Robinson, Catherine
Serrano, Lorenzo
O40 - General
J30 - General
J20 - General
Increased internationalization over the past 20 years has meant that labour has become increasingly mobile, and whilst employment and earnings effects have been extensively analysed in host and source nations, the implications for firm and industry performance have been largely ignored. This paper explores the direct economic consequences of immigration on host nations’ productivity performance at a sectoral level. We consider its impact in two very different European countries, Spain and the UK. Whilst the UK has traditionally had a substantial in-flow of migration, for Spain, the phenomenon is much more recent. The paper provides an overview of the role played by immigration on per capita income, highlighting the importance of demographic differences. We then go on to analyze the role of migration on productivity using two different approaches: i) growth accounting methodology and ii) econometric estimation of a production function. Our findings indicate that migration has had very different implications for Spain and the UK, migrants being more productive than natives in the UK but less productive than natives in Spain. This may in part be a function of different immigration policies, particularly related to the skill requirements on entry, but also in part a feature of the host nations’ ability to ‘absorb’ foreign labour.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17212/1/MPRA_paper_17212.pdf
Kangasniemi, Mari and Mas, Matilde and Robinson, Catherine and Serrano, Lorenzo (2009): The Economic Impact of Migration: Productivity Analysis for Spain and the United Kingdom. Published in: Documentos de Trabajo - Fundación BBVA No. 10 (2009)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18095
2019-09-27T00:32:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18095/
Is Productivity Linked To Wages? An Empirical Investigation in Malaysia
Goh, Soo Khoon
J30 - General
This study investigates the relationship between real wages, labor productivity and unemployment in Malaysia at the macroeconomic level, using time-series econometric techniques. The study found a long-term equilibrium relationship between labor productivity and real wages, but that unemployment was apparently unconnected to the system. The results suggested that labor productivity is positively related to real wage in the long run. However, the increase in real wage exceeds the increase in labor productivity causing an increase in unit labor cost. In addition, the study found a positive causal flow from productivity to wages in the short-run supporting the marginal productivity theory.
2009-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18095/1/MPRA_paper_18095.pdf
Goh, Soo Khoon (2009): Is Productivity Linked To Wages? An Empirical Investigation in Malaysia. Published in: CenPRIS Working Paper Series 102/09 (August 2009)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18345
2019-09-28T23:38:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18345/
Dual Wage Rigidities: Theory and Some Evidence
Kim, Insu
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
J30 - General
This paper investigates wage dynamics assuming the potential presence of dual wage stickiness: with respect to both the frequency as well as the size of wage adjustments. In particular, this paper proposes a structural model of wage inflation dynamics assuming that although workers adjust wage contracts at discrete time intervals, they are limited in their abilities to adjust wages as much as they might desire. The dual wage stickiness model nests the baseline model, based on Calvo-type wage stickiness, as a particular case. Empirical results favor the dual sticky wage model over the baseline model that assumes only one type of wage stickiness in several dimensions. In particular, it outperforms the baseline model in terms of goodness of fitness as well as in the ability to explain the observed dynamic correlation between wage inflation and the output gap - which the baseline model fails to capture.
2009-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18345/1/MPRA_paper_18345.pdf
Kim, Insu (2009): Dual Wage Rigidities: Theory and Some Evidence.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19023
2019-09-27T00:00:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19023/
Foreign Direct Investment and Labour: The Case of Indian Manufacturing
Pradhan, Jaya Prakash
Abraham, Vinoj
Sahoo, Manoj Kumar
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
J30 - General
J20 - General
J23 - Labor Demand
This paper makes an attempt to evaluate the employment and wage effects of FDI in Indian manufacturing. The findings suggest that foreign firms do not have any adverse effects on the manufacturing employment in India as compared to their domestic counterparts while they significantly pay relatively higher to their workers. Therefore this study tends to imply that labour in fact had benefited from foreign investment in India.
2004-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19023/1/MPRA_paper_19023.pdf
Pradhan, Jaya Prakash and Abraham, Vinoj and Sahoo, Manoj Kumar (2004): Foreign Direct Investment and Labour: The Case of Indian Manufacturing. Published in: Labour & Development , Vol. 10, No. 1 (2004): pp. 58-79.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20218
2019-09-27T00:21:54Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3435
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3434
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3238
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3838
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3833
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3333
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20218/
Job Satisfaction for Employees: Evidence from Karachi Electric Supply Corporation
Frukh, Nousjheen
Herani, Gobind M.
Mohammad, Mahmud
Mohammad, Tariq
J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
J44 - Professional Labor Markets ; Occupational Licensing
J28 - Safety ; Job Satisfaction ; Related Public Policy
J88 - Public Policy
J83 - Workers' Rights
J33 - Compensation Packages ; Payment Methods
J30 - General
Research has been conducted in order to critically evaluate and examine the level of employees’ satisfaction as well as the factors of dissatisfaction among the employees of Karachi Electric supply Corporation (KESC). The purpose of this study is also to observe and analyze the factors which create job dissatisfaction especially among the hardworking managers, and to find out the reasons which make them realize that they don not have a clear career path along working with KESC. The primary data for this study was compiled through questionnaire filled in on a one-to-one basis by 60 respondents from a representative sample of employees of (KESC) in Karachi district in the last quarter of 2008. The results have shown that Working Environment, Total Compensation, Growth Opportunities and Training & Development are significant factor and these four are affecting Job Satisfaction and correlated with each others. The study was faced by certain limitations and those limitations included time constraints and resources constraints, which limited this research to only the Karachi Head office of the KESC organization. According to a number of literatures studied, lack of job satisfaction is a serious issue in various organizations and job dissatisfaction has become a major obstacle in employees’ productivity and company’s growth. There are numbers of factors which can create job dissatisfaction among employees but in this study the very critical factors are discussed upon which KESC management should really work on.
2009-12-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20218/1/MPRA_paper_20218.pdf
Frukh, Nousjheen and Herani, Gobind M. and Mohammad, Mahmud and Mohammad, Tariq (2009): Job Satisfaction for Employees: Evidence from Karachi Electric Supply Corporation. Published in: KASBIT Business Journal , Vol. 2, No. 1 (31 December 2009): pp. 95-104.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20915
2019-10-21T03:04:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443033
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
7375626A656374733D45:4534:453432
7375626A656374733D45:4535:453532
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20915/
Loss avoidance in nominal frames and fairness in downward nominal wage rigidity and disinflation
Lunardelli, André
D03 - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
E42 - Monetary Systems ; Standards ; Regimes ; Government and the Monetary System ; Payment Systems
E52 - Monetary Policy
C72 - Noncooperative Games
J30 - General
This paper proposes a more general definition of loss avoidance, relates it to fairness and applies it to the labor market. By influencing judgments about what is a fair wage readjustment, it can lead to coordination failures, generating downward nominal wage rigidity (DNWR) and disinflation costs even with common knowledge of credible policies. This suggests that policies with good frames, including inflation targeting, can mitigate the sacrifice ratio.
2009-09-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20915/1/MPRA_paper_20915.pdf
Lunardelli, André (2009): Loss avoidance in nominal frames and fairness in downward nominal wage rigidity and disinflation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20999
2019-09-27T08:55:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3338
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3635
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483533
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473238
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3333
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443033
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433031
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D45:4530:453031
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453237
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3532
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3531
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20999/
Die Arbeitslosenversicherung in Deutschland – Beitrag zur Bekämpfung oder Ursache von Arbeitslosigkeit
Breiding, Torsten
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
J38 - Public Policy
J65 - Unemployment Insurance ; Severance Pay ; Plant Closings
H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
J30 - General
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J00 - General
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
J68 - Public Policy
J33 - Compensation Packages ; Payment Methods
J0 - General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
D03 - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles
C13 - Estimation: General
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
C01 - Econometrics
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth ; Environmental Accounts
E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
H31 - Household
J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation ; Collective Bargaining
J01 - Labor Economics: General
I21 - Analysis of Education
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
Abstract German (English abstract is added below)
Arbeitslosigkeit gilt als eines der schwerwiegendsten gesellschaftlichen Probleme unserer Zeit. Doch welche Gründe liegen, trotz der über die Jahre eingeleiteten Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der Arbeitslosigkeit, für die anhaltende Beschäftigungskrise vor? Und in welchem Umfang hat das deutsche Sozial- und Wohlfahrtssystem zu der anhaltenden Misere beigetragen?
Insbesondere der Arbeitslosenversicherung wird vorgeworfen, einer der Hauptverursacher der Probleme auf dem Arbeitsmarkt zu sein. Um Deutschland wettbewerbsfähig zu halten, versuchen die politischen Gruppierungen durch Reformen das Land im globalen Umfeld zu positionieren und so optimale Lebens- wie Investitionsbedingungen zu schaffen. Doch wie effizient sind diese Reformen und wie wirken sie auf den Arbeitsmarkt? Welche Rolle spielen dabei die Reformen der Arbeitslosenversicherung und wie wirken sich diese aus?
Dass eine Arbeitslosenversicherung in einem Wirtschaftssystem wünschenswert und auch notwendig ist, lässt sich mit dem Argument der sozialen Sicherheit begründen. Allerdings muss die Aufgabe einer Arbeitslosenversicherung die soziale Absicherung im Falle einer möglichen, temporären Arbeitslosigkeit sein. Der Betroffene ist für die Dauer der Suche nach einer neuen Arbeit, die bestmöglich der Qualifikation des Einzelnen entspricht, finanziell abgesichert. Ein Absinken unter die Armutsgrenze wird verhindert. Die Steuerung des Arbeitsangebotsverhaltens des Einzelnen ist jedoch ein Nebeneffekt der Arbeitslosenversicherung, den es zu untersuchen gilt. Das die Arbeitslosenversicherung Einfluss auf das Arbeitsangebotsverhalten der Arbeitnehmer hat und welche weiteren Effekte aus der im Sozialsystem eingebetteten Arbeitslosenversicherung entstehen, soll diese Arbeit zeigen.
Zur Strukturierung der genannten Fragen nimmt diese Arbeit eine Dreiteilung vor. Analysen der wirtschaftlichen Situation Deutschlands und die Identifikation von Problemgruppen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt sollen die Wirkungen der Arbeitslosenversicherung kausal darstellen. Konjunkturbedingte Veränderungen von Arbeitslosenzahlen sollen weitestgehend als exogene Größe betrachtet werden und nicht in die Bewertung der Arbeitslosenversicherung einfließen. Durch die Parallelität der Ereignisse lassen sich die tatsächlichen Auswirkungen arbeitsmarktpolitischer Maßnahmen jedoch oft schwer selektieren. Um Effekte zuordnen zu können, wird ein historischer Abriss der Entwicklung des Systems der Arbeitslosenversicherung gegeben. Ein internationaler Vergleich dient der Standortbestimmung des deutschen Systems.
Der zweite Teil der Arbeit befasst sich mit den Einflüssen der Arbeitslosenversicherung in verschiedenen Modellansätzen. Durch die Betrachtung der prognostizierten Effekte wird ein Abgleich der Theorie mit der Praxis erfolgen. Sowohl die Anreizwirkungen auf individueller Ebene im Arbeitsangebots- und Suchverhalten werden modelltheoretisch aufgezeigt, als auch der Einfluss auf das Kalkül im optimalen Verhalten von Gruppen und Kollektiven. Der Abgleich der Modelle mit der Empirie zeigt verschiedene Anreizverzerrungen der Arbeitslosenversicherung. Auffallend ist, dass insbesondere die Bezugsdauer der Unterstützung Einfluss auf den Zugang in, den Abgang aus und die daraus resultierende Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit hat. Die vom Alt-Bundeskanzler Gerhard Schröder einstmals angestoßene Diskussion um die Mitnahme-Mentalität der Deutschen findet im Sozialsystem Argumente und Fundierung.
Die Implikationen der Hartz-Reformen sind vielfältig. Die positiven Aspekte werden im dritten Teil aufgezeigt und mögliche Verbesserungen vorgeschlagen. Trotz der Forderung nach mehr Eigenverantwortung der Transfer-Bezieher und weitreichenden Änderungen zur Verschlankung des administrativen Aufwandes ist der Erfolg des Hartz-Konzeptes zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt noch nicht bewertbar. Besonders kritisch sind die Lohnabstände bei Geringverdienern, wodurch zielgerichtete Nachbesserungen zur Bekämpfung der Arbeitslosigkeit notwendig scheinen. Dazu werden Vorschläge zu Reformen der Arbeitslosenversicherung diskutiert. Ziel der Reformen sollte eine zeitgemäße Anpassung der Arbeitslosenversicherung an gesamtwirtschaftliche Entwicklungen sein.
This work analyzes the effects of the German unemployment insurance system on the unemployment rate and the individual job-seeking behavior. The duration of the unemployment benefits affects the time spend in unemployment. Another effect is the span between available jobs and the level of the payments. At the same time, a longer duration of unemployment benefits protects the individual of social catastrophies and provied the job seeker with adequate time to find the job that fits best. The GDP can be higher in a society with social security systems compared to other economies by providing each individual the perfect job. Finally, each individual has a higher productivity by a better usage of skills.
facts:
- the history of the German unemployment system
- the effects of the economical cycle on the unemployment rate
- a comparison of the German unemployment system compared to other countries
- the effects of the span between the high level of unemployment benefit payments compared to the wage earned in available jobs
- labour supply and matching
- a theoretical approach to analyze the effects of the German unemployment insurance
- the reality in Germany compared to the theory
- an evaluation of the German system
- reform proposition
2006-09-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20999/1/MPRA_paper_20999.pdf
Breiding, Torsten (2006): Die Arbeitslosenversicherung in Deutschland – Beitrag zur Bekämpfung oder Ursache von Arbeitslosigkeit.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21494
2019-10-02T02:31:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21494/
Dual Wage Rigidities: Theory and Some Evidence
Kim, Insu
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
J30 - General
This paper investigates wage dynamics assuming the potential presence of dual wage stickiness: with respect to both the frequency as well as the size of wage adjustments. In particular, this paper proposes a structural model of wage inflation dynamics assuming that although workers adjust wage contracts at discrete time intervals, they are limited in their abilities to adjust wages as much as they might desire. The dual wage stickiness model nests the baseline model, based on Calvo-type wage stickiness, as a particular case. Empirical results favor the dual sticky wage model over the baseline model that assumes only one type of wage stickiness in several dimensions. In particular, it outperforms the baseline model in terms of goodness of fitness as well as in the ability to explain the observed reverse dynamic cross-correlation between wage inflation and real output - which the baseline model fails to capture.
2009-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21494/4/MPRA_paper_21494.pdf
Kim, Insu (2009): Dual Wage Rigidities: Theory and Some Evidence.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22647
2019-09-28T16:45:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22647/
Interacting nominal and real labour market rigidities
Vogel, Lukas
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J30 - General
J20 - General
This note analyses the interaction between nominal wage stickiness and costly employment adjustment in a small closed-economy New Keynesian model with simple rule-based or optimal monetary policy. The results show (1) the costs of nominal and real rigidity to depend on the policy regime, (2) optimal policy to substantially contain the welfare loss, and (3) the absence of quantitatively important second-best interaction, suggesting that reducing rigidity along one dimension alone does not risk reducing overall welfare.
2008-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22647/2/MPRA_paper_22647.pdf
Vogel, Lukas (2008): Interacting nominal and real labour market rigidities.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24355
2019-09-26T19:01:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24355/
A note on the nonlinear wages-productivity nexus for Malaysia
Tang, Chor Foon
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
J30 - General
This study is to empirically investigate the effect of real wages on productivity in Malaysia using monthly data from January 1983 to November 2009. The Johansen’s test suggests that wages and productivity are cointegrated. Moreover, productivity and real wages have a quadratic relationship in the long run (i.e., inverse-U shape curve) instead of linear relationship. Hence, the effect of real wages on productivity is not monotonic. Furthermore, the Granger causality test indicates that real wages and productivity is bilateral causality in nature.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24355/2/MPRA_paper_24355.pdf
Tang, Chor Foon (2010): A note on the nonlinear wages-productivity nexus for Malaysia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24513
2019-10-05T16:44:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24513/
Interacting nominal and real labour market rigidities
Vogel, Lukas
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J23 - Labor Demand
J30 - General
This note analyses the interaction between nominal wage stickiness and costly employment adjustment in a small closed-economy New Keynesian model with simple rule-based or optimal monetary policy. The results show (1) the costs of nominal and real rigidity to depend on the policy regime, (2) optimal policy to substantially contain the welfare loss, and (3) the absence of quantitatively important secondbest interaction, suggesting that reducing rigidity along one dimension alone does not risk reducing overall welfare.
2008-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24513/2/MPRA_paper_24513.pdf
Vogel, Lukas (2008): Interacting nominal and real labour market rigidities.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24651
2019-09-30T21:36:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24651/
Ability Bias, Discount Rate Bias and the Return to Education
Lang, Kevin
C13 - Estimation: General
C31 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions ; Social Interaction Models
J30 - General
I reconsider various methods for correcting for bias in estimates of the returns to schooling. I argue that the literature on ability bias has ignored complications implicit in theoretical formulations of the choice of human capital. In particular, such models imply that adding ability to the wage equation may not be informative about the importance of bias and that variables correlated with the discount rate will generally not be suitable instruments for education. Indeed discount rate variation may generate downward bias. Estimation of a structural wage/schooling model suggests that OLS estimates of the return to schooling are biased downwards.
1993-03-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24651/1/MPRA_paper_24651.pdf
Lang, Kevin (1993): Ability Bias, Discount Rate Bias and the Return to Education.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25118
2019-09-27T13:53:31Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443634
7375626A656374733D4D:4D33:4D3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25118/
Does Weather Actually Affect Tipping? An Empirical Analysis of Time Series Data
Flynn, Sean Masaki
Greenberg, Adam Eric
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
D64 - Altruism ; Philanthropy
M30 - General
J30 - General
Prior literature has found evidence that pleasant weather conditions (namely sunshine) lead to higher tip rates, presumably because pleasant weather improves the moods of either servers or patrons. But previous studies involved only a few dozen subjects on at most a handful of days. We remedy this small-sample deficiency by examining two years of sales data on thousands of customers at a busy restaurant. We find no statistically significant relationship between sunshine and tipping. Thus, tipping appears to be better explained as an institutional standard or norm rather than as a prosocial behavior that can be modulated by weather-induced changes in mood.
2010-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25118/1/MPRA_paper_25118.pdf
Flynn, Sean Masaki and Greenberg, Adam Eric (2010): Does Weather Actually Affect Tipping? An Empirical Analysis of Time Series Data. Forthcoming in: Journal of Applied Social Psychology
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25522
2019-09-26T09:14:44Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433130
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25522/
Coefficient of Structural Concordance and an Example of its Application: Labour Productivity and Wages in Slovenia
Verbic, Miroslav
Kuzmin, Franc
C10 - General
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
J30 - General
The article presents the underlying principles, derivation and properties of a simple descriptive measure of concordance between two analogous rank structures that we call the coefficient of structural concordance. It is based upon the idea of Kendall’s coefficient of concordance, which we extend to two rank structures. As the coefficient of structural concordance is a pure intergroup measure of concordance, it is designed to complement the Kendall’s intragroup coefficient of concordance. We apply this descriptive measure by exploring the relationship between wages and labour productivity in Slovenia for the period 1998–2007. We are able to confirm the hypothesis of high concordance between wages and labour productivity, which indicates a stimulative role of wages in production of market traded goods and services.
2008-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25522/1/MPRA_paper_25522.pdf
Verbic, Miroslav and Kuzmin, Franc (2008): Coefficient of Structural Concordance and an Example of its Application: Labour Productivity and Wages in Slovenia. Published in: Panoeconomicus , Vol. 56, No. 2 (2009): pp. 227-240.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26428
2019-09-27T16:27:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3832
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3534
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26428/
Cooperation or rivalry? Employee’s effort and appropriate knowledge distribution as key elements for maximizing the profit of the firm
Martin, Pardupa
L82 - Entertainment ; Media
M54 - Labor Management
J30 - General
This paper is studying the evolution in the perception of the knowledge distribution and intra-firm operation and the way these factors affect the effort of employees. (organisational structure, back-office and front-office processes, etc. ) . The question this paper want to explore is whether “the employees shall cooperate or compete with each other and in what extent and how to minimize the negative effects and leverage the positive outcomes of both extremes”. This paper argues, that for specific group of the firms and professions, a rivalry among workers is more advantageous than for other and that the distinction is in the distribution of the knowledge in the firm at the top/centre/bottom level. The discussion at the end of the paper shows the practical applications, that firms might apply a right mixture of monetary and non- monetary tools to maximize the employees effort through simplification the knowledge flow and a case study is made, where the inflow of the knowledge and skills together with rising the level of rivalry are examined on leading entertainment group active in 3 Central- European countries.
2007-11-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26428/1/MPRA_paper_26428.pdf
Martin, Pardupa (2007): Cooperation or rivalry? Employee’s effort and appropriate knowledge distribution as key elements for maximizing the profit of the firm.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26685
2019-09-28T05:24:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26685/
Gender stereotyping and wage discrimination among Italian graduates
Castagnetti, Carolina
Rosti, Luisa
J30 - General
This paper addresses the gender pay gap among Italian university graduates on entry to the labour
market and stresses the importance of gender stereotypes on subjective assessment of individual
productivity. Our data show that in contexts where the stereotype is most likely to occur, the
unexplained component of the gender pay gap is higher. Moreover, we find evidence that being
excellent at school does not ensures that a woman will be rewarded as an equivalently performing
man, but serves to counteract the gender bias in on-the-job evaluations
2010-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26685/1/MPRA_paper_26685.pdf
Castagnetti, Carolina and Rosti, Luisa (2010): Gender stereotyping and wage discrimination among Italian graduates.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27286
2019-09-28T20:09:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27286/
A note on the non-linear wages-productivity nexus for Malaysia
Tang, Chor Foon
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
J30 - General
This study is to empirically investigate the effect of real wages on labour productivity in Malaysia’s manufacturing sector using annual data from 1980 to 2009. The Johansen’s test suggests that real wages and labour productivity are cointegrated. Moreover, productivity and real wages have a quadratic relationship (i.e. inverted-U shaped curve) instead of linear relationship. Hence, the effect of real wages on labour productivity is not monotonic. Furthermore, the Granger causality test indicates that real wages and labour productivity is bilateral causality in nature.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27286/1/MPRA_paper_27286.pdf
Tang, Chor Foon (2010): A note on the non-linear wages-productivity nexus for Malaysia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27674
2019-09-28T16:58:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27674/
Labor Markets and School-to-Work Transition in Egypt: Diagnostics, Constraints, and Policy Framework
Angel-Urdinola, Diego F.
Semlali, Amina
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J30 - General
Analysis in this policy note indicates a rapid deterioration in employment opportunities for young individuals transitioning from school to work in Egypt. Despite substantial improvements in labor market outcomes in recent years (in raising employment and participation and in lowering unemployment), unemployment rates in Egypt remain exceedingly high among youth entering the labor market for the first time. A slow school-to-work transition remains the main reason behind high unemployment rates. Young entrants to the labor market have become more educated than ever before: the share of the working-age-population with university education in Egypt has increased significantly between the years 1998 and 2006 (from 14% to 19% among men and from 9% to 14% among women). However, youth are unable to capitalize the time and resources invested in their education as the labor market is not providing enough good-quality jobs for them. To cope with scarce formal jobs, young-educated workers are opting to work in the informal sector and/or withdraw from the labor force, which is contributing to a deadweight loss of recent investments in education. There are three key factors that seem to explain why school-to-job transition remains low in Egypt: investments in the private sector remain low and capital intensive, new graduates are not equipped with the skills demanded by the private sector, and the public sector still provides incentives for educated individuals (mainly women) to queue for private sector jobs. There are several policy options used in the international context to further enhance the performance of the labor market; such as removing obstacles in regulation, enhancing employability of new entrants, reforming the civil service, and designing targeted programs aiming to boost labor demand.
2010-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27674/1/MPRA_paper_27674.pdf
Angel-Urdinola, Diego F. and Semlali, Amina (2010): Labor Markets and School-to-Work Transition in Egypt: Diagnostics, Constraints, and Policy Framework.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29407
2019-09-28T19:23:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483530
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3339
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29407/
Does a Rising Tide Lift All Boats? Welfare Consequences of Asymmetric Growth
Murphy, Daniel P
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
H50 - General
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
O39 - Other
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J30 - General
A common presumption is that increased growth in the aggregate enhances the welfare of both the rich and the poor. I show that instead, as the rich get richer, the welfare of the poor may decline if the underlying growth is asymmetric. There are two distinct and complementary explanations: First, sector-biased, skill-biased technological change, and second, efficiency improvements in the government sector. In the first case, skill-biased technological change in sectors consumed by the skilled rich increases their income beyond the increase in economic wealth, causing a decline in the consumption and welfare of the low-skilled poor. This result stands in contrast to the standard model of skill-biased technological change. In the second case, growth takes the form of improved efficiency in a government sector that is financed by rich taxpayers. The welfare of the low-skilled poor will decline whenever the consumption bundle of the skilled rich embodies more skill intensity than does the production of government services. This analysis demonstrates that a rising tide need not lift all boats and that the exact nature of consumption patterns is important not only for growth and inequality, as has been emphasized in earlier literature, but also for welfare.
2011-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29407/1/MPRA_paper_29407.pdf
Murphy, Daniel P (2011): Does a Rising Tide Lift All Boats? Welfare Consequences of Asymmetric Growth.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30419
2019-09-26T08:05:47Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3132
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3534
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30419/
Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory and job satisfaction in the malaysian retail sector: the mediating effect of love of money
Tan, Teck Hong
Waheed, Amna
M12 - Personnel Management ; Executives; Executive Compensation
M54 - Labor Management
J30 - General
This paper examines what motivates employees in the retail industry, and examines their level of job satisfaction, using Herzberg's hygiene factors and motivators. In this study, convenience sampling was used to select sales personnel from women's clothing stores in Bandar Sunway shopping mall in the state of Selangor. The results show that hygiene factors were the dominant motivators of sales personnel job satisfaction. Working conditions were the most significant in motivating sales personnel. Recognition was second, followed by company policy and salary. There is a need to delve more deeply into why salespeople place such a high importance on money. Further analysis was performed to assess how much the love of money mediates the relationship between salary and job satisfaction. Based on the general test for mediation, the love of money could explain the relationship between salary and job satisfaction. The main implication of this study is that sales personnel who value money highly are satisfied with their salary and job when they receive a raise.
2011-01-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30419/2/MPRA_paper_30419.pdf
Tan, Teck Hong and Waheed, Amna (2011): Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory and job satisfaction in the malaysian retail sector: the mediating effect of love of money. Published in: Asian Academy of Management Journal , Vol. 16, No. 1 (15 January 2011): pp. 73-94.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31871
2019-10-02T17:12:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3531
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31871/
Managers Compensation and Collusive Behaviour under Cournot Oligopoly
Marco, Marini
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
L20 - General
J00 - General
M51 - Firm Employment Decisions ; Promotions
J30 - General
The aim of the present paper is to show that the existence of a concrete outside option for firms' executives can induce, under specific circumstances, every firm to adopt restrictive output practises. In particular, the paper characterizes the conditions for which, under Cournot oligopoly, existing firms behave more collusively than in a standard Cournot model. It is also shown that room exists for perfect and stable collusive agreements amongst firms. Other interesting findings are also twofold. Firstly, that the equilibrium executives' pay will usually be dependant upon the number of companies initially disposing of the technology and/or of the organizational knowledge required to set up the business. Secondly, that companies' procedures difficult to duplicate can constitute a beneficial form of competition policy in that they induce the firms to behave less collusively in the product market.
1997-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31871/1/MPRA_paper_31871.pdf
Marco, Marini (1997): Managers Compensation and Collusive Behaviour under Cournot Oligopoly.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32127
2019-09-28T08:02:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3132
7375626A656374733D4D:4D34:4D3430
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32127/
Innovativeness and intangibles in transition: the case of Slovenia
Verbic, Miroslav
Polanec, Sašo
O30 - General
M12 - Personnel Management ; Executives; Executive Compensation
M40 - General
J30 - General
The article presents the micro data on intangibles for Slovenia in the period 1994–2005 using an augmented method of Corrado et al. (2005) and analyses the role of intangibles in the Slovenian economy during the transition. By examining the organizational, ICT and R&D component of intangibles, we observe a decrease in the value of R&D capital that was to some extent offset by an increase in the value of ICT capital. We find that organizational workers had higher productivity than the average worker. The dynamic of changes was gradual during the transition. The capitalization of intangibles implied an average 4.5% increase of GDP for the new member states. Nonetheless, a worrying convergence can be observed between the tangible and the intangible capital. One can thus expect the intangibles having an important role in the future growth in Slovenia and across the European countries, but only if proper attention is devoted to them in terms of policy measures and regulation.
2011-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32127/1/MPRA_paper_32127.pdf
Verbic, Miroslav and Polanec, Sašo (2011): Innovativeness and intangibles in transition: the case of Slovenia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33119
2019-09-26T09:04:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3537
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443632
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3530
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423232
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443631
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33119/
Assessment of the Role of Agriculture in Sudan Economy
Mohamed, Issam A.W.
N57 - Africa ; Oceania
D62 - Externalities
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
B22 - Macroeconomics
D61 - Allocative Efficiency ; Cost-Benefit Analysis
A10 - General
D60 - General
J30 - General
The calamities of Sudan expand on daily basis. The secession of Southern Sudan has deprived the country of 25% of it total area, 24% of population, over 80% of its oil income. Moreover, it has separated with 75% of it vegetation cover and 30% of potential arable land. In addition, Sudan stands to tolerate at least 25% of its water resources. Economic situation precarious with the Darfur rebellions, the inception of Southern Kordofan's region civil strive and the inflamed complaints in its Blue Nile region. That resulted besides deprivation of oil revenues and other potentials to increased cost of national security and expenditures on additional revenues to meet such funds for securing peace. Economic crisis no longer looms over the country, but has grasped it with continuous pressures from the international society with all the consequences of boycotts, deprivations of loans and financing. The only viable economic sector is agriculture, with industry demise due to heavy taxations, expensive inputs prices, devaluation of the Sudanese currency and increases in levels of foreign currencies exchange rates. The present study reviews and updates information on the agricultural sector, not only for possible revival and compensations of the lost oil revenues but also to ensure food security for the remaining population. However, it is concluded here that under the present conditions, the agricultural sector cannot fulfill the economic requirements of the country. More economic resources are needed besides changes in the conception and application of privatization policies.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33119/1/MPRA_paper_33119.pdf
Mohamed, Issam A.W. (2010): Assessment of the Role of Agriculture in Sudan Economy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33666
2019-10-02T04:41:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3537
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33666/
Unit labour costs in Malta: Trends and international comparisons
Grech, Aaron George
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J30 - General
L60 - General
Appraisals of international competitiveness are increasingly focusing on unit labour costs. In this paper, a unit labour costs measure is derived for the Maltese economy for the last two decades. In order to take into account structural shifts, separate indices are also derived for the effective cost of labour in the private and Government sectors, and in manufacturing. These series indicate that unit labour costs in the overall economy rose by 2.3% per annum during the twenty years to 2003, and that the increases registered in the private sector and manufacturing were less pronounced. Malta’s overall unit labour costs were estimated to stand at less than two-thirds of those in the EU-15 and the relativity between manufacturing labour costs in Malta and in Europe seems to have remained virtually stable over the last fifteen years. However since 2000, labour productivity has fallen in Malta, while compensation costs in some sectors have remained on the rise, leading to reduced competitiveness.
2004-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33666/1/MPRA_paper_33666.pdf
Grech, Aaron George (2004): Unit labour costs in Malta: Trends and international comparisons.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33764
2019-09-27T11:16:19Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443634
7375626A656374733D4D:4D33:4D3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33764/
Does weather actually affect tipping? an empirical analysis of time series data
Flynn, Sean Masaki
Greenberg, Adam Eric
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
D64 - Altruism ; Philanthropy
M30 - General
J30 - General
Prior literature has found evidence that pleasant weather (namely, sunshine) leads to higher tipping rates, presumably because it improves the moods of either servers or patrons. However, studies examining the relationship between pleasant weather and tipping behavior have involved relatively small samples of participants and daily observations. In addition, only one such study (Cunningham, 1979) used actual weather data to examine this relationship. We address these shortcomings by testing empirically the weather–tipping relationship on 2 years of actual sales data from a busy restaurant. We found no statistically significant relationship between sunshine and tipping. Tipping appears to be better explained as an institutional standard or norm, rather than as a prosocial behavior that can be modulated by weather-induced changes in mood.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33764/3/MPRA_paper_33764.pdf
Flynn, Sean Masaki and Greenberg, Adam Eric (2011): Does weather actually affect tipping? an empirical analysis of time series data. Forthcoming in: Journal of Applied Social Psychology
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34459
2019-09-27T13:18:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34459/
Productivity-wage-growth nexus: an empirical study of Singapore
Freddy, Liew
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
O40 - General
J30 - General
This paper investigates the empirical relationship between labor productivity, real wages and real GDP in Singapore from 1997 to 2011. The paper begins with a review of productivity, wage and growth situations in Singapore in the past decade and further attempts to uncover the underlying relationship in this nexus using theoretical framework from labor and growth literature. Using the Vector-Autoregressive or Vector-Error Correction Mechanism when cointegration is present, this paper uncovers various causality relations in different industries which conform to economic theory and empirics. An impulse response analysis is also undertaken to understand how specific policy decisions could be framed to provide for higher wages across industries. The empirical results suggest that in the Singapore economy, there exist a bi-directional causality relation between labor productivity and real GDP but that wages seem to be caused by other underlying factors. However, real wages respond positively to positive shocks in the real GDP or labor productivity using cholesky or generalized decomposition. This paper concludes by discussing policies that could be undertaken to promote inclusive growth in the environment of sustained economic growth.
2011-11-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34459/1/MPRA_paper_34459.pdf
Freddy, Liew (2011): Productivity-wage-growth nexus: an empirical study of Singapore.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34522
2019-09-26T11:58:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34522/
Regional disparity of labor’s share in China: Evidence and explanation
Chi, Wei
Xiaoye, Qian
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
J30 - General
Despite the “growth miracle” of recent decades, labor’s share, i.e., the share of total labor compensation in GDP,
has decreased in China. Labor’s share is an important indicator of the primary distribution of national income, and its fall has drawn significant attention from researchers and policymakers. As China’s many regions have different development levels and economic structures, it is very likely that labor’s share will differ across regions. Thus, it is important to examine the regional disparity of labor’s share. Using Chinese provincial data from 1997 to 2007, we find a significant difference in labor’s share between eastern and western China. Then, we use spatial
cross-sectional and panel models to show the significant effect of industrial composition and ownership structure
on regional labor shares.
2011-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34522/1/MPRA_paper_34522.pdf
Chi, Wei and Xiaoye, Qian (2011): Regional disparity of labor’s share in China: Evidence and explanation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35801
2019-09-26T19:49:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35801/
女性の賃金が親への介護行動に与える影響
Yukawa, Shiho
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J30 - General
Using data from the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers (JPSC), this paper analyzes how the wage rates of married women are related to whether they take care of their and their husbands’ parents or not. We find that married women who earn higher wages tend not to take care of their own parents but instead make larger money transfers to them. These results suggest that the higher wages of married women induces the substitution of care giving for money transfers to parents, which may be attributed to the increase in the opportunity cost of care. On the other hand, we find that the high wages of these women are negatively related to their support of their husbands’ parents.
2012-01-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35801/1/MPRA_paper_35801.pdf
Yukawa, Shiho (2012): 女性の賃金が親への介護行動に与える影響.
ja
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36650
2019-09-27T05:32:30Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433932
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3333
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36650/
Are CEO's paid their marginal product? An empirical analysis of executive compensation and corporate performance.
Klinedinst, Mark
C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior
J33 - Compensation Packages ; Payment Methods
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
J30 - General
The theory and reality of chief executive compensation is explored in this paper. The study here uses a panel of data on 143 executives from America’s largest corporations. The results suggest that earlier theoretical expectations and empirical findings of compressed wage scales may not hold when top-level managers are included.
1991-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36650/1/MPRA_paper_36650.pdf
Klinedinst, Mark (1991): Are CEO's paid their marginal product? An empirical analysis of executive compensation and corporate performance. Published in: Australian Bulletin of Labor , Vol. 17, No. No. 2 (June 1991): pp. 118-131.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37449
2019-10-02T05:44:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37449/
Team beats collusion
Barlo, Mehmet
Ayca, Ozdogan
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
M12 - Personnel Management ; Executives; Executive Compensation
J30 - General
This paper analyzes optimal contracts in a linear hidden-action model with normally distributed returns possessing two moments that are governed jointly by two agents, who can observe each others' effort levels and draft enforceable side-contracts on chosen effort levels and realized returns. After showing that standard constraints, resulting in incentive-contracts, may fail to ensure implementability, we examine (centralized) collusion-proof contracts and (decentralized) team-contracts. We prove that optimal team-contracts provide the highest implementable returns to the principal. In other words, the principal may restrict attention to outsourcing/decentralization without any loss of generality. Moreover, situations in which incentive-contracts are collusion-proof, thus implementable, are fully characterized.
2012-03-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37449/1/MPRA_paper_37449.pdf
Barlo, Mehmet and Ayca, Ozdogan (2012): Team beats collusion.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39149
2019-10-02T00:37:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3833
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39149/
A NLIP Model on Wage Dispersion and Team Performance
Papahristodoulou, Christos
L83 - Sports ; Gambling ; Restaurants ; Recreation ; Tourism
C60 - General
J30 - General
Using a Non-Linear Integer Programming (NLIP) model, I examine if wage differences between Super talents and Normal players improve the performance of four teams which participate in a tournament, such as in the UEFA Champions League (UCL) group matches. With ad-hoc wage differences, the optimal solutions of the model show that higher wage equality seems to improve the performance of all teams, irrespectively if the elasticity of substitution between Super- and Normal- players is high or low. In addition to that, a U-type performance exists in two teams with the highest and the second high elasticity of substitution. With team data from the 2011-12 UCL group matches and from the Italian Serie A over 2010-12 seasons, the wage dispersion has no effect on team performances.
2012-05-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39149/1/MPRA_paper_39149.pdf
Papahristodoulou, Christos (2012): A NLIP Model on Wage Dispersion and Team Performance.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:40215
2019-09-26T22:57:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40215/
Корпоративные конфликты и политика фирм в области занятости и заработной платы
Muravyev, Alexander
Berezinets, Irina
Ilina, Yulia
G30 - General
J30 - General
This article studies the link between corporate governance conflicts on the one hand, and employment and wage policies of companies on the other. We use data on publicly traded Russian companies with dual class stock (common and preferred shares), which allows us to use the concept of voting premium for measurement of corporate conflicts and private benefits of control. Our analysis suggests a link between the severity of corporate governance problems between shareholders and managers and the company’s wage policies. In particular, managers who try to consume private benefits and expropriate shareholders, have to resort to more generous policies regarding workers’ wages. Importantly, this link is apparent only in companies with relatively dispersed ownership, in which managers have considerable discretion and are not constrained by obligations before large shareholders. In contrast, the link between extraction of private benefits of control and wage policies is not visible in companies with a majority shareholder.
2012-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40215/1/MPRA_paper_40215.pdf
Muravyev, Alexander and Berezinets, Irina and Ilina, Yulia (2012): Корпоративные конфликты и политика фирм в области занятости и заработной платы.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:41351
2019-09-29T06:16:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3831
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3430
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3533
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41351/
Bringing Work Back In Islamic Ethic
Possumah, Bayu Taufiq
Ismail, Abdul Ghafar
Shahida, Shahimi
J81 - Working Conditions
J40 - General
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
A10 - General
J53 - Labor-Management Relations ; Industrial Jurisprudence
J30 - General
Religion and work are seldom discussed. The two have caused scholars to question the religion’s role with work. This paper reviews research on the integrate between religion and work by examining issues of concept, definition, measurement, and reviewing research that examines the relationship of work and religion with respect to: different times, types of people, organize human interactions and sources of knowledge. We then discuss the methodological requirement for reintegrating work studies into social institutional theory and indicate what the conceptual payoffs of such integration might be. These payoffs include breaking new conceptual ground, resolving theoretical puzzles and envisioning the nature of new social institutions.
2012-01-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41351/1/MPRA_paper_41351.pdf
Possumah, Bayu Taufiq and Ismail, Abdul Ghafar and Shahida, Shahimi (2012): Bringing Work Back In Islamic Ethic. Published in: Journal Of Business Ethic No. ISSN 0167-4544 (7 February 2012)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:42123
2019-09-27T05:56:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42123/
Regional disparity of labor’s share in China: Evidence and explanation
Chi, Wei
Xiaoye, Qian
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
J30 - General
Despite the “growth miracle” of recent decades, labor’s share, i.e., the share of total labor compensation in GDP, has decreased in China. Labor’s share is an important indicator of the primary distribution of national income, and its fall has drawn significant attention from researchers and policymakers. As China’s many regions have different development levels and economic structures, it is very likely that labor’s share will differ across regions. Thus, it is important to examine the regional disparity of labor’s share. In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework based on existing theories to identify the factors that influence labor’s share. We, then, use Chinese provincial data from 1997 to 2007 to describe the regional differentials in labor’s share and its evolution over the 10-year period and to explain regional disparity in labor’s share. We take into consideration spatial correlations across regions and employ spatial cross-sectional and panel models in the empirical analysis. We found that industrial composition and ownership structure were the two key factors that influence labor’s share. We also found that the average labor income was lower but labor’s share was higher in western areas compared to eastern areas. The higher levels of labor’s share in western provinces may be explained by a higher share of agricultural industries and state-owned enterprises, as agriculture and state-owned sectors tend to distribute more income to labor than to capital.
2011-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42123/2/MPRA_paper_42123.pdf
Chi, Wei and Xiaoye, Qian (2011): Regional disparity of labor’s share in China: Evidence and explanation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:42449
2019-10-01T05:15:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42449/
Cost Competitiveness Comparisons and Convergence in China
Kang, Lili
Peng, Fei
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
J30 - General
This paper examines provincial disparities and convergence of sectors in China from a labour cost perspective. We find that the provinces in the Northeast and Coastal regions have strong advantages in the manufacturing sector, while the Primary sector, Construction and Real estate sectors have better cost competitiveness in the Interior and West regions. The decrease of relative unit labour cost (RULC) is mainly due to the faster growth rates of relative labour productivity (RLP) than the growth rate of relative nominal labour costs (RNLC) in most cases. A decomposition analysis shows that there are much more cost competitiveness gains, as well as relative decrease of nominal labour costs and labour productivity improvement during the period 1978-1995 than the years afterwards. We find the fast convergence of RULC is consistent with the fast converging RLP among provinces with static wages, suggesting the importance of institutional factors such as rigid wage setting in Chinese labour markets.
2012-11-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42449/1/MPRA_paper_42449.pdf
Kang, Lili and Peng, Fei (2012): Cost Competitiveness Comparisons and Convergence in China.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:43067
2019-10-02T16:10:41Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D44:4432
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D44:4433
7375626A656374733D44:4436
7375626A656374733D50:5031
7375626A656374733D45:4531
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31
7375626A656374733D50:5030
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32
7375626A656374733D44:4435
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453330
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3236
7375626A656374733D42:4235
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443530
7375626A656374733D44:4434
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33
7375626A656374733D4D:4D32
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443433
7375626A656374733D4D:4D32:4D3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43067/
Fundamentos hipotéticos para investigar la crisis económica contemporánea.
Sergio, Reuben
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
D2 - Production and Organizations
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
D3 - Distribution
D6 - Welfare Economics
P1 - Capitalist Systems
E1 - General Aggregative Models
J30 - General
L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
P0 - General
L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium
E30 - General
L26 - Entrepreneurship
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
D50 - General
D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
M2 - Business Economics
D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
M20 - General
J23 - Labor Demand
The paper seeks to integrate the theoretical developments in the field of imperfect competition and monopoly, and operation of the firm in such conditions, with the theories of income distribution, particularly among the macroeconomic aggregates of capital and labor. And formulating a working hypothesis to focus the breaking of the capital accumulation process expressed in the current economic crisis, from a holistic perspective.
2012-05-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43067/1/MPRA_paper_43067.pdf
Sergio, Reuben (2012): Fundamentos hipotéticos para investigar la crisis económica contemporánea. Forthcoming in: Revista de Ciencias Económicas , Vol. Vol. X, No. #2
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45361
2019-09-27T16:47:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533
7375626A656374733D45:4535
7375626A656374733D45:4535:453532
7375626A656374733D45:4536
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D46:4633
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45361/
Considerazioni finali del governatore della Banca d’Italia: un commento
Schilirò, Daniele
E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
E52 - Monetary Policy
E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
E62 - Fiscal Policy
F3 - International Finance
J30 - General
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
This contribution is an analysis and a comment of the Final Remarks of the Governor of the Bank of Italy and his directions of economic policy for the Italian economy. An economy that has a high unemployment and also supports a public debt that, despite the recent efforts of fiscal consolidation, is not sustainable in the long term. All of this happens in a situation in which the rate of growth remains insufficient to absorb unemployment and reduce the debt.
1997
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45361/1/MPRA_paper_45361.pdf
Schilirò, Daniele (1997): Considerazioni finali del governatore della Banca d’Italia: un commento.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:46209
2019-09-26T13:53:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46209/
A Shrinking Slice of the Pie: The Labour Income Share in Australia
Cowgill, Matt
J30 - General
The ‘wages breakout’ has been a recurring theme in the Australian public policy debate in recent years.
Political conservatives, media commentators and some business groups have warned that Australian wages
growth is unsustainable, or threatens to become unsustainable. This
paper critically examines such claims and finds that they are not supported by the evidence.
This paper shows that Australia has experienced the
opposite of a ‘wages breakout’ since 2000. Over this period Australian real wages have not kept pace with
productivity growth. This means that labour’s share of total income has fallen and capital’s share has risen.
This paper also shows that many other OECD countries have experienced a falling labour share in recent
years, but the fall in Australia’s labour share has been relatively large. The fall in the Australian labour
share has been broadly-based – the labour share has fallen within a broad range of industries. Only a small
portion of the fall can be ascribed to structural change in the economy towards low-labour share industries
such as mining.
2013-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46209/1/MPRA_paper_46209.pdf
Cowgill, Matt (2013): A Shrinking Slice of the Pie: The Labour Income Share in Australia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:47548
2019-10-04T06:13:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47548/
Cyclical Dynamics in Idiosyncratic Labor-Market Risks: Evidence From March CPS 1968-2011
zhao, bo
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
J30 - General
The paper estimates the household labor earning process using the March Current Population Survey 1968-2011.
GMM estimates confirm that the results in Storesletten et al. (2004} still hold in a much larger data set over a longer
period. The persistent idiosyncratic risk is strongly countercyclical, with an annual auto-correlation equal to .973 and an standard deviation that increases by 72.5 percent (from .090 to .156) as the macroeconomy moves from peak to trough.
2013-06-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47548/1/MPRA_paper_47548.pdf
zhao, bo (2013): Cyclical Dynamics in Idiosyncratic Labor-Market Risks: Evidence From March CPS 1968-2011.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48981
2019-09-27T18:32:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4530:453032
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453634
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48981/
Інституціональна пастка: моделювання ринку праці в Україні
Filippova, Irina
Balakhnin, Hary
E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
E64 - Incomes Policy ; Price Policy
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J1 - Demographic Economics
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J23 - Labor Demand
J30 - General
An institutional trap emerges in the gap between actual wage rate in Ukraine and the wage that provides the growth in working-age population. This activates the mechanism of demographic trap.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48981/1/MPRA_paper_48981.pdf
Filippova, Irina and Balakhnin, Hary (2010): Інституціональна пастка: моделювання ринку праці в Україні. Published in: Formation of a market economy: a collection of papers. Kyiv National Economic University , Vol. 3, (2010): pp. 369-377.
uk
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49026
2019-09-29T08:28:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49026/
Labour in Rice Production and Value Chain : Field Observations from Jangaon, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh
Duvvuru, Narasimha Reddy
Motkuri, Venkatanarayana
J23 - Labor Demand
J30 - General
Q10 - General
As a part of larger research project a field survey was conducted in the Janagaon region of Warangal District, Andhra Pradesh. A qualitative part focussing on the labour use in value chain of rice marketing is carried out in the study area. In order to understand the labour use in value chain, it is limited to a part of whole sale marketing. In other words it covered labour use in Agriculture Grain Market Yards, Food Corporation of India’s (FCI) rice Godowns and Rice Mills. The qualitative part of the study is based on the focus group discussion (FGDs) among labourers engaged in rice production and value chain, informal discussion with the management of FCI and Rice Mill Owners and Technical Staff. It is to capture the changes in labour use and the impact of technology on it in the rice production cycle and value chain. Particularly, changes in the nature of employment, conditions of work, wages and employment relations with respect to rice cultivation.
2013-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49026/1/MPRA_paper_49026.pdf
Duvvuru, Narasimha Reddy and Motkuri, Venkatanarayana (2013): Labour in Rice Production and Value Chain : Field Observations from Jangaon, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49170
2019-10-03T04:44:10Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4330
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433030
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433032
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433135
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433330
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433338
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433339
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433430
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433439
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433530
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433630
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433638
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433639
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443030
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443031
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443130
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443230
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443530
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443538
7375626A656374733D45:4532
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453230
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453231
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453232
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453233
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453237
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453330
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453331
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453337
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463231
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463630
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463632
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463633
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463636
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49170/
European Union Economy System Dynamic Model Development
Skribans, Valerijs
C0 - General
C00 - General
C02 - Mathematical Methods
C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
C30 - General
C38 - Classification Methods ; Cluster Analysis ; Principal Components ; Factor Models
C39 - Other
C40 - General
C49 - Other
C50 - General
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
C60 - General
C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
C69 - Other
D00 - General
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
D10 - General
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D20 - General
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
D50 - General
D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy
E20 - General
E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth
E22 - Investment ; Capital ; Intangible Capital ; Capacity
E23 - Production
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E30 - General
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
E37 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
F22 - International Migration
F60 - General
F62 - Macroeconomic Impacts
F63 - Economic Development
F66 - Labor
J00 - General
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
J20 - General
J30 - General
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
The formation of the European Union (EU) is the one of the biggest political – economic events of the last 50 years. The aim of this study is to develop EU economy functioning system dynamic model. Main research method is system dynamics. General scheme of EU economy system dynamic model is shown. Implementing the model in practice, new EU member economic integration model in EU is developed. Model is tested only for one EU country, Latvia. Results of the paper show failure of the mechanism of EU operations. The available mechanism contradicts EU principles; it doesn't promote the cohesion in European Union, but quite opposite - leads to solving problems of well-developed EU countries at the expense of developing countries. In the given conditions the example of Latvia shows that there is no possibility to overcome the system crisis. These circumstances specify necessity of changes in EU internal migratory policy, changes in principles of developing countries’ support in EU, and changes in distribution of EU means, taking into account internal migration.
2012
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49170/1/MPRA_paper_49170.pdf
Skribans, Valerijs (2012): European Union Economy System Dynamic Model Development. Published in: Proceedings of the 30th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society (2012): pp. 3687-3697.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49326
2019-09-28T07:11:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49326/
The Importance of Obtaining a High-Paying Job
Devereux, Paul J.
J0 - General
J30 - General
Given the high level of job mobility in the United States, one might think that obtaining a low-paying job would have only temporary consequences. However, using longitudinal data, I find that state dependence in wages is large and persistent. If two comparable individuals start jobs that
pay a different wage, about 60% of the wage differential is still present four years later. Moreover, about 50% of the wage differential is still present for workers who have switched employers during that period. The results indicate that the jobs acquired by individuals have long- term effects on their future careers. I also examine the mechanisms that lead to state dependence. In a stigma model, prospective employers use wages as a signal of ability. Thus, getting a poor job can lead the market to believe that an individual has low ability. In the learning-by-doing model, workers who get high-paying jobs also attain greater opportunities to acquire human
capital. The evidence suggests that both stigma and learning by doing models contribute to state dependence in wages.
2002-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49326/1/MPRA_paper_49326.pdf
Devereux, Paul J. (2002): The Importance of Obtaining a High-Paying Job.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49377
2019-10-04T17:16:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443032
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D45:4530:453032
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453236
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463030
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463433
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483130
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483330
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483430
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483530
7375626A656374733D49:4932
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3430
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3730
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3331
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3230
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3330
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35:4C3530
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31
7375626A656374733D52:5230
7375626A656374733D52:5231
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49377/
African Jobless Growth Morphology:Vulnerabilities and Policy Responses
NWAOBI, GODWIN
D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
E26 - Informal Economy ; Underground Economy
F00 - General
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
H10 - General
H30 - General
H40 - General
H50 - General
I2 - Education and Research Institutions
I30 - General
J0 - General
J20 - General
J30 - General
J40 - General
J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
J60 - General
J7 - Labor Discrimination
J70 - General
J8 - Labor Standards: National and International
K31 - Labor Law
L20 - General
L30 - General
L50 - General
M5 - Personnel Economics
O1 - Economic Development
R0 - General
R1 - General Regional Economics
Z18 - Public Policy
As by product of economic growth, jobs are indeed transformational. In other words, efficiency increases as workers get better at what they do (as more productive jobs appear and less productive one disappear). In fact societies flourish as jobs bring together people from different ethnic and social backgrounds while providing alternatives to conflict. Unfortunately, in many African countries, unemployment rates are low and growth is seldom jobless. Regrettably, most of the poor work long hours and cannot make ends meet while the violation of basic human rights is not uncommon. Again, youth unemployment and unmet job expectations are alarming. Consequently, this paper provides a framework that cuts across sectors and shows that the best policy responses vary across African countries (depending on their levels of development, endowments, demography and institutions). Thus, at all stages of development, forcing economic production to spread evenly across areas is both elusive and expensive. Policy makers should therefore identify and execute strategies that balance development outcomes across areas by means of domestic integration instruments. However, in places where integration is hardest, the policy response should be comprehensively total: institutions that unite, infrastructure that connects, interventions that target, incentives that motivate as well as information and communication technologies that enables or drives.
2013-08-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49377/1/MPRA_paper_49377.pdf
NWAOBI, GODWIN (2013): African Jobless Growth Morphology:Vulnerabilities and Policy Responses.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49785
2019-10-21T08:20:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3635
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49785/
Labor Market Institutions and The Effect of Immigration on National Employment
Almosova, Anna
J30 - General
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J65 - Unemployment Insurance ; Severance Pay ; Plant Closings
Integration processes in Europe resulted in intensification of migration flows. Immigrants account now for a large share of population in many European countries. A point of view that immigrants take jobs form natives is quite widespread. The European Monitoring Centre on Racism
and Xenophobia published a special analysis of the attitudes towards minorities in EU countries Eurobarometer 2000. They found that one in two EU citizens worry about
competing with immigrants for the same vacancies and afraid of losing their jobs because of presence of foreign workers. Different measures and institutions which protect native workers have nevertheless an ambiguous effect. On the one hand labor protective institutions such as minimal wage, replacement rate or firing restrictions will protect existing workers and reduce a firing rate. On the other
hand, firms will take into consideration these additional costs of firing and will be less likely to employ new workers. At the same time, it is argued that immigrants are probably less likely to be covered by these institutions. These facts imply that protective institutions cover mostly natives and therefore make immigration labor force comparatively less costly. Labor market protection may
therefore amplify a negative effect of immigrants on native employment if it exists.This paper attempts to evaluate the effect of immigration in flow on employment level of natives and reveal whether this effect changes in different institutional environments using EU-countries data. In addition to static specification it uses a dynamic specification to draw conclusions about long-term and short-term effects separately. The results show no long-run effect of immigration inflow. Short-term effect of is found to be positive. Protective labor market institutions fulfill their function of protecting existing workers.The results are also different for men and women.
2013-03-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49785/1/MPRA_paper_49785.pdf
Almosova, Anna (2013): Labor Market Institutions and The Effect of Immigration on National Employment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:50545
2019-09-29T00:12:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50545/
Income and Livelihoods in the War in Afghanistan
Gavrilova, Evelina
Bove, Vincenzo
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
H56 - National Security and War
J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
J30 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
In this paper we explore the impact of the insurgency and military deployment on the livelihoods of the local communities in Afghanistan. We use monthly wages and commodity prices at the provincial level over the period 2003-2009 and look for their response to conflict events and ISAF deployment. Two basic results emerge: first, commodity prices are not significantly affected by insurgent violence, which is consistent with coping strategies already in place. Second, military deployment is associated with an increase in the levels of wages and commodity prices.
2013-05-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50545/1/MPRA_paper_50545.pdf
Gavrilova, Evelina and Bove, Vincenzo (2013): Income and Livelihoods in the War in Afghanistan.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:50827
2019-09-29T05:31:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50827/
Growth Accounting Analysis in China 1978-2009
Kang, Lili
Peng, Fei
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
J30 - General
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
This paper applies the growth accounting model to Chinese economy at region and province levels from 1978 to 2009. We measure the components in the growth accounting model such as capital services, labour inputs and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) using various data sources. The economic growth has been decomposed into the contribution of physical capital, labour inputs, labour composition index (LCI) and TFP. We find that Chinese economic growth was mainly pushed by the growth of physical capital, especially in the fastest growing Coastal region. Labour inputs and TFP growth contribute more in the Interior and West regions. Moreover, the contribution shares of physical capital in labour productivity have been declining for the Coastal region, as the TFP contributions have been increasing over the same period. Our results show that the human capital formation from technological and institutional shifts is becoming more and more important in the Coastal region.
2013-10-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50827/1/MPRA_paper_50827.pdf
Kang, Lili and Peng, Fei (2013): Growth Accounting Analysis in China 1978-2009.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:50987
2019-09-26T18:03:21Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D59:5938:593830
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50987/
Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy and the Effect of Income on Happiness Levels
Drakopoulos, Stavros A.
Grimani, Katerina
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
J30 - General
Y80 - Related Disciplines
Abraham Maslow’s theory of hierarchical needs has been employed by a large variety of conceptual frameworks. The theory can also offer additional insights to the research field which investigates the relationship between income and reported happiness levels. The incorporation of needs hierarchy into a happiness framework implies that individuals have a priority approach to happiness. This means that the most important needs must be satisfied first before the secondary needs come into the picture. In terms of income-happiness relationship, it suggests that income is very important for happiness up to a certain level of income. For higher income levels this effect becomes much weaker, given that the satisfaction of non-basic needs becomes important. The chapter tests this idea by using the European Foundation European Quality of Life Survey 2007 which contains data from 30 European countries and Turkey. In the proposed model, reported happiness is placed as a dependent variable and income level as an independent variable. The ordered probit model (with robust standard errors) is the main statistical tool of the work. The empirical results indicate that there is a strong positive relationship between income and happiness for low income households group, and a non-significant relationship between income and happiness for high income households group. This result supports the presence of hierarchical behaviour. The model also contains personal variables such as gender, age, marital status, educational level, number of children, working hours per week, country dummy variables and employment status. The relationship of these variables to reported happiness levels is also examined. Finally, there is a comparison of the empirical findings to results in the relevant literature.
2013-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50987/1/MPRA_paper_50987.pdf
Drakopoulos, Stavros A. and Grimani, Katerina (2013): Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy and the Effect of Income on Happiness Levels. Published in: The Happiness Compass: Theories, Actions and Perspectives for Well-Being, F. Sarracino (ed), Nova Science Publ., New York, (October 2013): pp. 295-309.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51079
2019-09-28T17:54:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483330
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483331
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483332
7375626A656374733D48:4836:483638
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493133
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3236
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51079/
Demografia, Occupazione e Produttività in Europa e Us [quarta parte del progetto "Il presente e il futuro del Pay-Go in Italia, Europa e Us"]
SALERNO, Nicola Carmine
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
H30 - General
H31 - Household
H32 - Firm
H68 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt
I10 - General
I13 - Health Insurance, Public and Private
I30 - General
J00 - General
J10 - General
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
J20 - General
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
J30 - General
The circular interplay between demography-employment-productivity-PayGo is investigated for Europe and Us. Looking forward to the mid-long run, the paper offers simulations of the burden each effective worker and each active citizen will have to bear to finance via pay-as-you-go public health care provisions and pensions. This paper is completely self standing but, at the same time, it is part of the wider project "Present and Future of PayGo in Italy, Europe and Us". It constitutes the fourth chapter of this project, the first, second and third being uploaded on MPRA as well. Other chapters follow. nicola c. salerno (nicola.salerno@tin.it)
2013-10-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51079/1/MPRA_paper_51077.pdf
SALERNO, Nicola Carmine (2013): Demografia, Occupazione e Produttività in Europa e Us [quarta parte del progetto "Il presente e il futuro del Pay-Go in Italia, Europa e Us"].
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52864
2019-10-02T04:39:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52864/
Bang for Your Buck: STI Risk and Pregnancy Risk as Sources of the Price Premium for Unprotected Sex
Manda, Constantine
I1 - Health
I10 - General
J30 - General
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
Sex workers receive a price premium for unprotected sex. Research has inferred that the source of this premium is a compensating differential for STI risk. I introduce a compensating differential for pregnancy risk as a novel source through a simple model that incorporates both STI risk and pregnancy risk. I empirically test this using a rich panel dataset of 19,041 sexual transactions by 192 sex workers in Busia, Kenya collected during 2005 and 2006. I run sex worker-fixed effects regressions and find that compensating differentials for STI risk and pregnancy risk
are sources of the price premium for unprotected sex. The price premium for pregnancy risk is USD 10, and USD 2 for STI risk (24 percent of average price). I also test for clients' disutility for condoms, another competing theory, and find that it is not a statistically significant source of the premium. Identifying and estimating sources of the price premium for unprotected sex will allow policymakers to implement interventions that will reduce both the supply and the demand for unprotected sex.
2013-12-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52864/1/MPRA_paper_52864.pdf
Manda, Constantine (2013): Bang for Your Buck: STI Risk and Pregnancy Risk as Sources of the Price Premium for Unprotected Sex.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:53353
2019-09-28T17:27:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3530
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3730
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53353/
The Impact of Gender on Mid-Career Labour Income: The Case of Bulgaria
Stoilova, Rumiana
Simeonova-Ganeva, Ralitsa
Kotzeva, Tatyana
J00 - General
J30 - General
J50 - General
J70 - General
The impact assessment of education and gender on mid-career labour income in a transitional economy could provide for better understanding of the influence of the labour market dynamics over individuals with different characteristics. Here, we attempt to find an answer to the question: How education and gender determine mid-career labour income? We estimate the returns to education depending on gender using Mincerian equations and regressions.
The data set we use is from the Structure of Earnings Survey conducted by the National Statistical Institute in 2002 and 2006. The analysis covers over 130,000 employees between 35 and 49 years old. The impact assessment allows conclusions about the wage gap between men and women, working in different economic sectors incl. the division of public and private sector, services and industry. The access to managerial position and gender differences in the type of the labour contract have been investigated for their contribution to the persistence of a gender pay gap among the individuals with a tertiary education.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53353/1/MPRA_paper_53353.pdf
Stoilova, Rumiana and Simeonova-Ganeva, Ralitsa and Kotzeva, Tatyana (2011): The Impact of Gender on Mid-Career Labour Income: The Case of Bulgaria. Published in: Social Sciences Research Network TransEurope, University of Bamberg No. Working Paper No. 32 (2011)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:54578
2019-09-27T00:37:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54578/
Does Schooling Pay? Evidence from China
La, Vincent
I20 - General
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
J30 - General
The effect of education on wages has been a widely explored topic. This paper will contribute to the existing literature by studying the causal effect of education on wages in China, a context which has been far less studied. China's compulsory education laws and minimum age labor laws provide potentially exogenous changes in educational attainment. The first goal of this paper will be to estimate the private return to education in China (the effect of an extra year of individual educational attainment on wages). Using China's compulsory education law as an instrument for individual educational attainment, we fail to find a statistically significant return on education in aggregate. However, using China's minimum age labor law as an instrument, we find that an increase in individual educational attainment by one year raises earnings by about 9%.
2014-03-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54578/1/MPRA_paper_54578.pdf
La, Vincent (2014): Does Schooling Pay? Evidence from China.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55759
2019-09-26T14:15:37Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4535:453530
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55759/
Effects of the crisis on the financial sector: Trends and policy issues
Escudero, Verónica
E50 - General
E60 - General
J20 - General
J30 - General
The crisis is hitting the financial sector disproportionately and on a permanent basis, at least in some countries. This paper looks at the effects of the crisis on employment and earnings in the financial sector. It also considers how policies can help support adjustment in the sector, while also paving the way for a financial system that truly serves the needs of the real economy.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55759/1/wcms_193151.pdf
Escudero, Verónica (2009): Effects of the crisis on the financial sector: Trends and policy issues. Published in: International Labour Office (ILO), IILS Discussion Paper Series No. No. 197 (2009)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55918
2019-09-30T14:38:31Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55918/
Bang for Your Buck: Pregnancy Risk as the Source of the Price Premium for Unprotected Sex
Manda, Constantine
I1 - Health
I10 - General
J30 - General
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
Sex workers receive a price premium for unprotected sex. Research has inferred that the source of this premium is a compensating differential for STI risk. I introduce a compensating differential for pregnancy risk as a novel source through a simple model that predicts the price for unprotected sex increasing with the probability of pregnancy through decreased unprotected sex. I empirically test this using a rich panel dataset of 19,041 sexual transactions by 192 sex workers in Busia, Kenya collected during 2005 and 2006. I use the probability of pregnancy as an instrument
for unprotected sex and run two-stage least-squares (2SLS) regression and find that a compensating differential for pregnancy risk is the source of the price premium for
unprotected sex. The price premium for pregnancy risk is as high as USD 122 or about 16 times average price. I also test for a compensating differential for STI risk
and clients' disutility for condoms, the other competing theories, and find that they are not statistically significant sources of the premium. Identifying and estimating sources of the price premium for unprotected sex will allow policymakers to implement interventions that will reduce both the supply and the demand for unprotected
sex.
2013-05-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55918/8/MPRA_paper_55918.pdf
Manda, Constantine (2013): Bang for Your Buck: Pregnancy Risk as the Source of the Price Premium for Unprotected Sex.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56112
2019-09-29T16:55:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56112/
The Causal Effects of Criminal Convictions on Labor Market Outcomes in Young Men: A Nonparametric Bounds Analysis
Richey, Jeremiah
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
J30 - General
K40 - General
This paper examines the causal effects of criminal convictions on labor market outcomes in young men using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort. Unlike previous research in this area which relies on assumptions strong enough to obtain point identification, this paper imposes relatively weak nonparametric assumptions that provide tight bounds on treatment effects. Even in the absence of a parametric model, under certain specifications, a zero effect can be ruled out, though after a bias correction this result is lost. In general the results for the effect on yearly earnings align well with previous findings, though the estimated effect on weeks worked are smaller than in previous findings. Results of a novel sensitivity analysis test how the estimated bounds respond to a weakening/strengthening of two key assumptions. Even under a significant strengthening of a key assumption a negative treatment effect cannot be ruled out.
2012-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56112/1/MPRA_paper_56112.pdf
Richey, Jeremiah (2012): The Causal Effects of Criminal Convictions on Labor Market Outcomes in Young Men: A Nonparametric Bounds Analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56681
2019-10-03T18:07:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4931
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56681/
Bang for Your Buck: Pregnancy Risk as the Source of the Price Premium for Unprotected Sex
Manda, Constantine
I1 - Health
I10 - General
J30 - General
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
Sex workers receive a price premium for unprotected sex. Research has inferred that the source of this premium is a compensating differential for STI risk. I introduce a compensating differential for pregnancy risk as a novel source of this price premium through a simple model that predicts the price for unprotected sex increasing with the probability of pregnancy through decreased unprotected sex. I empirically test this using a rich panel dataset of 19,041 sexual transactions by 192 sex workers in Busia, Kenya collected during 2005 and 2006. I use the probability of pregnancy as an instrument for unprotected sex and run two-stage least-squares (2SLS) regression and find that a compensating differential for pregnancy risk is a source of the price premium for unprotected sex. The price premium for pregnancy risk is as high as USD 122 or about 16 times average price. I also test for a compensating differential for STI risk and clients' disutility for condoms, the other
competing theories, and find that a compensating differential for STI risk is also a source of the price premium for unprotected sex, however, I do not find evidence
for clients' disutility for condoms as a source of the price premium for unprotected sex. Identifying and estimating sources of the price premium for unprotected sex will allow policymakers to implement interventions that will reduce both the supply and the demand for unprotected sex.
2013-12-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56681/8/MPRA_paper_56681.pdf
Manda, Constantine (2013): Bang for Your Buck: Pregnancy Risk as the Source of the Price Premium for Unprotected Sex.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56880
2019-09-27T20:45:32Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D52:5233:523330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56880/
The Nexus between Labour Wages and Property Rents in the Greater China Area
Chong, Terence Tai Leung
Shui, Kenny Chi Wai
Wong, Vivian H
J30 - General
R30 - General
Tse and Chan (2003) investigated the relationship between property sales price and the value of commuting time without accounting for the fact that property sales price is subject to the inherent limitation of containing speculative elements. A better measure to use for such a study would be the rent paid by the genuine end-user of the property. This paper examines how equilibrium rents in different locations within Greater China are determined by the time value, or the shadow wage, of an individual. Using the rental information, we provide a first estimated ratio of time values for individuals in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Taipei. Our results show that the shadow wage ratio of the households in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Taipei is about 2.25: 1: 1.61.
2014
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56880/1/MPRA_paper_56880.pdf
Chong, Terence Tai Leung and Shui, Kenny Chi Wai and Wong, Vivian H (2014): The Nexus between Labour Wages and Property Rents in the Greater China Area. Forthcoming in: China Economic Review
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:59611
2019-10-06T04:31:42Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3334
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59611/
Alcune considerazioni sul mercato del lavoro italiano alla luce della ricostruzione delle serie storiche territoriali per il mercato del lavoro, 1861-2011.
Destefanis, Sergio
J30 - General
J60 - General
N34 - Europe: 1913-
O52 - Europe
This note is intended to provide an initial assessment of the potentialities of the data reconstruction work, relating to labour market series, carried out as part of the SVIMEZ volume for the Sesquicentennial of the Unification of Italy. To this end, we develop some considerations on a key feature of the Italian labour market, its dualism. Then we identify and illustrate some salient developments occurred over the last thirty years: the increasing importance of tertiary employment and of female labour force. We describe finally some features of the reconstructed statistics for wages, unemployment, vacancies and employment and assess the impact of structural changes on dualism. The actual methods of data reconstruction are described in the Appendix.
2012-03-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59611/1/MPRA_paper_59611.pdf
Destefanis, Sergio (2012): Alcune considerazioni sul mercato del lavoro italiano alla luce della ricostruzione delle serie storiche territoriali per il mercato del lavoro, 1861-2011. Published in: Quaderni SVIMEZ No. 31 (2012): pp. 513-533.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:61195
2019-09-27T03:57:11Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61195/
The Effect of Pay Cuts on Psychological Well-Being and Job Satisfaction
Drakopoulos, Stavros A.
Grimani, Katerina
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
J30 - General
One of the main economic outcomes of the recent great recession was the decrease of labour earnings in many countries. The relevant literature indicates that earnings and other socioeconomic predictors can influence psychological well-being. The same holds true for job satisfaction. This chapter tests the effect of pay cuts on the psychological well-being and job satisfaction. The data used in this chapter was drawn from the 5th European Survey on Working Conditions which focuses on European countries. The methodological tools for analyzing the data are the ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression, the Probit regression, and the marginal effects method. The results point to a negative statistical significant effect of pay cuts (decrease labour earnings) on psychological well-being. The results also indicate that pay cuts have a negative statistical significant impact on job satisfaction.
2015-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61195/1/MPRA_paper_61195.pdf
Drakopoulos, Stavros A. and Grimani, Katerina (2015): The Effect of Pay Cuts on Psychological Well-Being and Job Satisfaction. Forthcoming in: No. Job Satisfaction: Determinants, Workplace Implications and Impacts on Psychological Well-Being, in R. Osbourne (ed.), Nova Science Publ., New York (2015)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:62508
2019-10-05T22:20:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493236
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62508/
Conscription and the returns to education: Evidence from a regression discontinuity
mouganie, pierre
I20 - General
I26 - Returns to Education
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J30 - General
In 1997, the French government put into effect a law that permanently exempted young French male citizens born after Jan 1, 1979 from mandatory military service while still requiring those born before that cutoff date to serve. This paper uses a regression discontinuity design to identify the effect of peacetime conscription on education and labor market outcomes. Results indicate that conscription eligibility induces a significant increase in years of education, which is consistent with conscription avoidance behavior. However, this increased education does not result in either an increase in graduation rates, or in employment and wages. Additional evidence shows conscription has no direct effect on earnings, suggesting that the returns to education induced by this policy was zero.
2014-08-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62508/1/MPRA_paper_62508.pdf
mouganie, pierre (2014): Conscription and the returns to education: Evidence from a regression discontinuity.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:62527
2019-09-26T16:24:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423234
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423235
7375626A656374733D42:4233:423331
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423531
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423533
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443730
7375626A656374733D49:4932
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3437
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503130
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503230
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503330
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503530
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62527/
George Orwell and the Incoherence of Democratic Socialism
Makovi, Michael
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
B24 - Socialist ; Marxist ; Sraffian
B25 - Historical ; Institutional ; Evolutionary ; Austrian
B31 - Individuals
B51 - Socialist ; Marxian ; Sraffian
B53 - Austrian
D70 - General
I2 - Education and Research Institutions
I20 - General
J00 - General
J20 - General
J30 - General
J47 - Coercive Labor Markets
P10 - General
P20 - General
P30 - General
P50 - General
Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
George Orwell's famous fictions, Animal Farm and Nineteen-Eighty Four were intended to advocate democratic socialism by portraying undemocratic forms of socialism as totalitarian. For Orwell, democracy was a political institution which would limit the abuse of power. But there are several problems with democratic socialism which ensure its failure. In Orwell's novel A Clergyman's Daughter, Orwell's views of economics and politics are inconsistent and conflicting in a way that ensures democratic socialism will not succeed on Orwell's terms. Democratic socialism in general is criticized according to F. A. Hayek's Road to Serfdom and John Jewkes's The New Ordeal by Planning, whose arguments differ crucially from those against market socialism by Andrei Shleifer and Robert W. Vishny. An economic analysis of the political institutions of democratic socialism shows that democratic socialism must necessarily fail for political (not economic) reasons even if nobody in authority has ill-intentions or abuses their power.
2015-02-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62527/1/MPRA_paper_62527.pdf
Makovi, Michael (2015): George Orwell and the Incoherence of Democratic Socialism.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:62614
2019-09-28T16:34:19Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3334
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62614/
Alcune considerazioni sul mercato del lavoro italiano alla luce della ricostruzione delle serie storiche territoriali per il mercato del lavoro, 1861-2011.
Destefanis, Sergio
J30 - General
J60 - General
N34 - Europe: 1913-
O52 - Europe
This note is intended to provide an initial assessment of the potentialities of the data reconstruction work, relating to labour market series, carried out as part of the SVIMEZ volume for the Sesquicentennial of the Unification of Italy. To this end, we develop some considerations on a key feature of the Italian labour market, its dualism. Then we identify and illustrate some salient developments occurred over the last thirty years: the increasing importance of tertiary employment and of female labour force. We describe finally some features of the reconstructed statistics for wages, unemployment, vacancies and employment and assess the impact of structural changes on dualism. The actual methods of data reconstruction are described in the Appendix.
2012-03-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62614/8/MPRA_paper_62614.pdf
Destefanis, Sergio (2012): Alcune considerazioni sul mercato del lavoro italiano alla luce della ricostruzione delle serie storiche territoriali per il mercato del lavoro, 1861-2011. Published in: Quaderni SVIMEZ No. 31 (2012): pp. 513-533.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:63532
2019-10-03T00:21:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63532/
"The Impact of Working while Enrolled in College on Wages"
Wade Nelson, Owen Wade Nelson Jr
J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
J30 - General
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
J7 - Labor Discrimination
Those students who work while enrolled in college are investing in their human capital, and therefore, corporations looking to employ new workers entering the labor market may favor these types of students, and create incentives for non-working students to seek employment. Using NLSY97 data, this paper finds that working while enrolled in college decreases the wages
one receives. Therefore, students who are not working while enrolled in school may have higher grades and graduate more frequently on time, causing firms to hire the non-working students more favorably.
2013-05-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63532/1/MPRA_paper_63532.pdf
Wade Nelson, Owen Wade Nelson Jr (2013): "The Impact of Working while Enrolled in College on Wages".
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:63648
2019-10-11T11:48:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3730
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63648/
Existence of Structural Disadvantage among socio-religious groups: Is it a reality? An Analysis of Indian Labour Market
DSOUZA, ALWIN
SINGH, SUDERSHAN
RANJAN, RAHUL
J30 - General
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J70 - General
J71 - Discrimination
The labour market in India has been segmented into a formal and informal sector. More than 85% of the labour force is engaged in the informal sector. Since the informal sector does not follow labour laws such as provisions of minimum wage and social security, there is enough scope for differential treatment against certain weaker sections of society. We term this differential treatment as structural disadvantage. In this paper, we find that structural disadvantage against ST/SC Hindus relative to Upper class Hindus and Upper class Hindus relative to that of Other religious minorities does exist in India. But is non-existent against Muslims given our specification. What is a cause for worry is that the dis-advantage against ST/SCs Hindus has been increasing overtime whereas against Upper Hindus has considerably fallen. Increase in better quality of middle and higher education along with more reservations for ST/SCs in education and in formal labour markets can go a long way to abate the the magnitude of structural dis-advantage.
2015-01-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63648/1/MPRA_paper_63648.pdf
DSOUZA, ALWIN and SINGH, SUDERSHAN and RANJAN, RAHUL (2015): Existence of Structural Disadvantage among socio-religious groups: Is it a reality? An Analysis of Indian Labour Market.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:63732
2019-09-30T04:49:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63732/
Skill Biased Technical Change: Wage Effects from a Panel of Occupational Task Measures
Ross, Matthew
J20 - General
J23 - Labor Demand
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
J30 - General
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
O30 - General
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
At the heart of the Skill Biased Technical Change literature is a discussion of the temporal impact of technological change on wages. The narrative describes technological change as allowing for the increased codification of routine tasks which enables capital to become more easily substituted for occupations with a high degree of engagement in these tasks. Existing empirical analyses have focused on the impact of SBTC by examining repeated cross-sections of individuals using constant measures of occupational task requirements. That approach is unable to explore how wages respond to the time variant components of occupational task requirements. This analysis expands the existing literature by examining wage effects using a panel of occupational task requirements constructed from 19 releases of the O*Net database. The panel of occupational task requirements is combined with a micropanel of workers and used to estimate the returns to differential task requirements both within and across occupations. These estimates confirm previous empirical findings that have relied on repeated cross sections but show that controlling for individual fixed effects reduces the magnitude of estimates across occupations. In addition, the analysis develops a structurally derived fixed effects model that helps to provide evidence that the same wage effects are absent for changes to tasks within occupations. The within occupation estimates do, however, illustrate how cross-occupational dynamics and employment transitions might be playing a role in the observed cross-sectional estimates.
2014-12-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63732/1/MPRA_paper_63732.pdf
Ross, Matthew (2014): Skill Biased Technical Change: Wage Effects from a Panel of Occupational Task Measures.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:64032
2019-09-26T08:52:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4830:483030
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3338
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3635
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64032/
A case of ritual compliance? The role of European Structural Funds in the shaping of the Greek employment policy (1995‐2008)
Ioannidis, Yiorgos
H00 - General
J00 - General
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J30 - General
J38 - Public Policy
J60 - General
J65 - Unemployment Insurance ; Severance Pay ; Plant Closings
J68 - Public Policy
The relation of the Greek employment policy to the European one, as it was formulated within EES and the Lisbon strategy, was a particular one. The Greek employment policy fully adopted the form, the structure and the discourse of the EES but it was only marginally influenced by the “way of doing things.” The compliance of the Greek employment policy with the European guidelines for employment was primarily aimed at ensuring the precious flow of the European resources, and only secondarily at improving the effectiveness of the
implemented policies. In that sense, the case of Greece, can be described as a case of “ritual compliance”; that is an adherence to the form rather than to the substance of the matter, a practice whose main objective is the unobstructed flow of European funding
2014
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64032/1/MPRA_paper_64032.pdf
Ioannidis, Yiorgos (2014): A case of ritual compliance? The role of European Structural Funds in the shaping of the Greek employment policy (1995‐2008).
en
metadataPrefix%3Doai_dc%26offset%3D64033%26set%3D7375626A656374733D4A%253A4A33%253A4A3330