2024-03-29T13:02:17Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11
2019-09-27T06:55:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3531
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11/
Welfare Effects of Union Bargaining Centralisation in a Two-Sector Economy
Dittrich, Marcus
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
The paper analyses the welfare effects of union bargaining
centralisation in a simple general equilibrium model. A two-sector
model is developed where the wage rate in the first sector is either
set decentralised by a small union at the firm level or centralised
by a large union covering all workers. Worker's outside option is
employment in the second sector with wages adjusting to clear the
market. The paper shows that social welfare depends on (i) whether
the union considers the connection between wages in both sectors,
(ii) the structure of the union's objective function, and (iii) the
elasticities of labour demand. The welfare maximising employment
allocation can be obtained under a high degree of centralisation if
the union maximises the total wage-bill. Otherwise, if the union is
rent maximising, neither centralised nor decentralised wage setting
yield the social optimum. A second best optimum can then be obtained
under decentralised bargaining.
2006-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11/1/MPRA_paper_11.pdf
Dittrich, Marcus (2006): Welfare Effects of Union Bargaining Centralisation in a Two-Sector Economy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:221
2019-10-08T16:34:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/221/
Skill-Upgrading and the Savings of Immigrants
Cristobal, Adolfo
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
This note derives positive and normative implications about the effects of immigration on welfare and the skill composition of the labor force in receiving economies. The main channel through which immigration affects labor-market outcomes is the availability of new loanable funds for investment, which results in endogenous skill-upgrading.
Given their high training costs and their lifelong working period, immigrants self-select as net lenders, which facilitates the upgrading of both new generations of natives and migrants.
Under sufficient altruism towards future generations, this induces a Pareto-improvement among the current generations of natives.
2006-06-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/221/1/MPRA_paper_221.pdf
Cristobal, Adolfo (2006): Skill-Upgrading and the Savings of Immigrants.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1388
2019-10-08T05:43:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1388/
Dynamics, Welfare and Migration in Open Economies
Espinosa, Alexandra M.
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
In this work we analyze the importance of dynamics in the
determination of the distribution of gains from free trade and
migration. Given a transition dynamic, free trade might worsen a
country relatively to autarchy. Moreover, some individuals might
lose welfare during the transition dynamics. In both case,
individuals find incentives to migrating, given the lost in the
welfare relatively to the autarchy; given the lost in welfare
relatively to another country; or, given the intertemporal lost in
welfare. Then, inequalities in the distribution of the benefits from
free trade matters. Finally, we find out that population size and
specialization in production matters in the determination of the
distribution of gains from free trade and migration.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1388/1/MPRA_paper_1388.pdf
Espinosa, Alexandra M. (2006): Dynamics, Welfare and Migration in Open Economies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1416
2019-09-28T04:34:49Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433335
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1416/
Do study grants help refugees find jobs? A case study of the effects of the voluntary sector grants on the education, training and employment of refugees in the United Kingdom
Ilmolelian, Peter
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
I20 - General
C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions
Using the Africa Educational Trust (AET) as a case study, the primary aim of the research was to investigate whether or not the employment outcomes of those refugees who received financial grants to enable them attend their education/training courses were different from those who did not. 122 individuals who applied to AET for grants in 1993/94 were interviewed and data analysed using the Probit model and McNemar's Chi- squared test of significance. The study found that grant holders were more likely to successfully complete their courses than those who did not receive any grants and that there was a positive relationship between the level of study and the probability of later employment. Although the differences in subject area were not statistically significant, the results suggested that computing and IT studies were less likely to lead to employment than education/ social science and health studies.
2005-01-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1416/1/MPRA_paper_1416.pdf
Ilmolelian, Peter (2005): Do study grants help refugees find jobs? A case study of the effects of the voluntary sector grants on the education, training and employment of refugees in the United Kingdom. Published in: EconPapers No. http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/wpawuwphe/0501004.htm (10 January 2005)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1590
2019-09-27T13:43:27Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1590/
The Romanian Journal of European Studies No.4/2005
Geiger, Martin
Ruspini, Paolo
Baldwin-Edwards, Martin
van Krieken, Peter
Nicolescu, Luminita
Constantin, Daniela-Luminita
Ghetau, Vasile
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
O52 - Europe
F22 - International Migration
N30 - General, International, or Comparative
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
The Romanian Journal of European Studies No.4/2005
ISSN 1583 - 199X
EUV - Editura Universitatii de Vest, Timisoara, 2005
The British Coucil in Bucharest and The School of High Comparative European Studies (SISEC), within the West University of Timisoara, edited The Romanian Journal of European Studies - special issue on migration and mobility (Guest editor: Mr. Martin GEIGER, Bonn University, Germany; contact: mg.migration@googlemail.com). For more information or to obtain a printed copy, please contact Mr. Dan MOGA, at SISEC (E-mail: danmoga@yahoo.com)
CONTENTS:
Foreword; Grigore Silasi ... page 5
Editorial; Martin Geiger ... pages 7 - 8
Forms and Features of the Post-Enlargement Migration Space; Paolo Ruspini ... pages 9 - 18
Managing Migration for an Enlarging Europe - Inter-governmental Organizations and the Governance of the Migration Flows; Martin Geiger ... pages 19 - 30
Balkan Migrations and The European Union: Patterns and Trends; Martin Baldwin-Edwards ... pages 31 - 43
Workers' Mobility': Europe's Integration and Second Thoughts; Peter van Krieken ... pages 45 - 53
Romania's External Migration in the Context of Accesion to the EU: Mechanisms, Institutions and Social-Cultural Issues; Luminita Nicolescu, Daniela-Luminita Constantin ... pages 55 - 63
Migrations et incidence sur la répartition spatiale de la population en Roumanie au niveau national et régional; Vasile Ghetau ... pages 65 - 83
2006-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1590/1/MPRA_paper_1590.pdf
Geiger, Martin and Ruspini, Paolo and Baldwin-Edwards, Martin and van Krieken, Peter and Nicolescu, Luminita and Constantin, Daniela-Luminita and Ghetau, Vasile (2006): The Romanian Journal of European Studies No.4/2005. Published in: The Romanian Journal of European Studies No. 4/2005 (June 2006)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1721
2019-09-29T16:34:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D52:5233:523330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1721/
The spatial sorting and matching of skills and firms
Mion, Giordano
Naticchioni, Paolo
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
R30 - General
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
Using a matched employer-employee database for Italy we look at the spatial distribution of wages across provinces. This rich database allows us to contribute at opening the black box of agglomeration economies exploiting the micro dimension of the interaction among economic agents, both individuals and firms. We provide evidence that firm size and particularly skills are sorted across space, and explain a large portion of the spatial wage variation that could otherwise be attributed to aggregate proxies of agglomeration externalities. Our data further support the assortative matching hypothesis, that we show not to be driven by co-location of "good" workers and firms. Finally, we point out that this assortative matching is negatively related to local market size.
2007-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1721/1/MPRA_paper_1721.pdf
Mion, Giordano and Naticchioni, Paolo (2007): The spatial sorting and matching of skills and firms.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2028
2019-09-27T01:03:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433431
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2028/
Labor market outcomes, capital accumulation, and return migration: Evidence from immigrants in Germany
Kirdar, Murat
F22 - International Migration
C41 - Duration Analysis ; Optimal Timing Strategies
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
In this paper I test the capital accumulation conjecture that is used to rationalize return migration decisions in the context of immigrants in Germany and examine how labor market outcomes influence return migration decisions, with particular attention to selection in these outcomes in return migration. I characterize the level and timing of return migration as well as the selection in it and derive a number of implications of these on the impact of immigrants on the host as well as source countries. Using a rich longitudinal dataset that has an over-sampled group of immigrants (German Socioeconomic Panel), I conduct a Cox proportional hazard analysis with alternative waiting-time concepts. That the sample contains immigrants from four different source countries allows me to utilize the variation in the source country characteristics as well as the time variation in them to identify the parameters of interest. I find evidence for the savings accumulation conjecture, in which return is motivated by higher purchasing power of accumulated savings in the home country. On the other hand, human capital accumulation conjecture is rejected. In the framework of savings accumulation, I examine the impact of an increase in German earnings whose theoretical impact on the return migration decision is ambiguous. In terms of labor market outcomes, both retirement and unemployment emerge as important determinants of return migration choices. Unemployment spell length determines the direction of selection with respect to unemployment in return migration. The data also reveal that the level of return migration is high and varies considerably across the source countries. The hazard function of Turkish immigrants displays a hump-shaped profile that peaks between the ages of 45 and 54 whereas EU immigrants are more likely to return at earlier ages and after retirement.
2007-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2028/1/MPRA_paper_2028.pdf
Kirdar, Murat (2007): Labor market outcomes, capital accumulation, and return migration: Evidence from immigrants in Germany.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2168
2019-09-27T16:45:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3431
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3431
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3332
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2168/
Immigration, Wages, and Growth in the Host Nations
Mideksa, Torben
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
J41 - Labor Contracts
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
This paper investigates the impact of skilled immigrants on the welfare the host natives. By employing the idea of induced technical change, and the skilled wage premium, this paper tries to link skilled immigration with observed rise in college enrolment, rise in skilled wages, and further acceleration of skilled wage premium. Through creation of demand for skill complimenting capital goods, skilled immigration raise the incentive for skill directed technical change which fuel up skilled wage in North, international wage differential, and the incentive for human capital formation. The results of the model are consistent with broad empirical regularities observed for three decades or more.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2168/1/MPRA_paper_2168.pdf
Mideksa, Torben (2007): Immigration, Wages, and Growth in the Host Nations.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2793
2019-09-27T00:33:49Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2793/
Europe, Space of Freedom and Security. Migration and mobility: Assets and challenges for the enlargement of the European Union
Silasi, Grigore
Simina, Ovidiu Laurian
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
F22 - International Migration
The ‘Jean Monnet’ European Centre of Excellence (C03/0110) and the School of High Comparative European Studies (SISEC), both from the West University of Timisoara, propose to launch the scientific debate on the migration and mobility within the Romanian universities, the academic life and among the policies and decision makers from Romania. The International Colloquium Migration and Mobility: Assets and Challenges for the Enlargement of the European Union proposed for 4-5 of May 2006 is part of the SISEC bi-annual project "EUROPE: SPACE OF FREEDOM AND SECURITY", dedicated to study of European Affairs, with focus on migration and mobility, in the framework of the European Year of Workers’ Mobility 2006. The participants were both renowned experts on migration and mobility, and PhD students interested in the challenging subjects proposed.
2006-05-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2793/1/MPRA_paper_2793.pdf
Silasi, Grigore and Simina, Ovidiu Laurian (2006): Europe, Space of Freedom and Security. Migration and mobility: Assets and challenges for the enlargement of the European Union. Forthcoming in: (2006)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2860
2019-09-27T10:31:17Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2860/
Determinantes macroeconómicos regionales de la migración mexicana
Mendoza, Jorge Eduardo
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
F22 - International Migration
J01 - Labor Economics: General
This article estimates the macroeconomic determinants of Mexican migration to the U.S.A., using information on the regional economic characteristics of the Mexican states, in a context of economic integration with the U.S. economy. A cross sectional database at the regional level is used to estimate a weighted least squares regression. The results show that the ratio of the U.S.A.’s PIB to Mexico’s states PIB showed a positive effect on migration,suggesting regional economic determinants for migration. In this case, the PIB per cápita had a negative effect, which implies that the poorest states experienced incentives for migration. Additionally, state unemployment rates and permanent migrant stocks exhibited a positive effect on the rates of migration growth at the state level in Mexico, supporting the approaches that consider those variables as factors for migration. The variables reflecting the impact of economic liberalization were not conclusive, although foreign direct investment exhibited a positive coefficient with respect to migration growth.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2860/1/MPRA_paper_2860.pdf
Mendoza, Jorge Eduardo (2006): Determinantes macroeconómicos regionales de la migración mexicana. Published in: Migraciones Internacionales , Vol. 3, No. 4 (December 2006): pp. 118-145.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2988
2019-09-27T12:58:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2988/
Interprovincial Barriers to Labour Mobility in Canada:Policy, Knowledge Gaps and Research Issues
Grady, Patrick
Macmillan, Kathleen
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
The purpose of this paper is to identify the most important knowledge gaps on interprovincial barriers to labour mobility in Canada, and to shed some light on potential conceptual, methodological, and data issues associated with research in this area. Consequently, it provides an overview of the current state of play with respect to the most important issues relating to inter-provincial barriers to labour mobility within the Canadian internal market. The three main barriers to labour mobility in Canada, which are considered, are: residency requirements; certain practices regarding occupational licensing, certification and registration; and differences in how occupational qualifications are recognized. These are the main regulatory barriers that are to be removed or reduced under Chapter 7, the Labour Mobility Chapter of the Agreement on Internal Trade (AIT). It also reviews critically the recent relevant research in Canada and in some other jurisdictions (the United States, the European Union and Australia) on barriers to labour mobility. The paper finds that the most important knowledge gap concerns the extent of the regulatory barriers to labour mobility and their impacts and costs. It also concludes that there is nothing fundamentally wrong with the approach of mutual recognition being pursued in Canada to eliminate such regulatory barriers. However, while there has been a fair degree of success in Canada in achieving occupation-specific Mutual Recognition Agreements for occupational qualifications and reconciliation of differences in occupational standards, this progress has been too slow. Moreover, the functioning of the dispute resolution mechanism with respect to
Chapter 7, is overly complex and inaccessible. The dispute resolution mechanism in the Alberta-B.C. Trade, Investment and Labour Mobility Agreement is stronger and simpler than that of the AIT, and definitely one to be considered as a model to improve the AIT.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2988/1/MPRA_paper_2988.pdf
Grady, Patrick and Macmillan, Kathleen (2007): Interprovincial Barriers to Labour Mobility in Canada:Policy, Knowledge Gaps and Research Issues.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3148
2019-09-27T10:25:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3148/
The Effect of Migrant Workers on Employment,Real Wages and Inequality The Case of Israel -1995 to 2000
Gottlieb, Daniel
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J19 - Other
This paper deals with the impact of migrant workers on the Israeli wage structure,
on the chances of being unemployed or out of the labor force and on inequality in
gross earnings from work.
One of the manifestations of globalization is the movement of migrant workers from
low-income to richer countries.The recent increase in living standards in Israel has
created significant wage differentials for workers from low-income countries.
Paradoxically,an important trigger for this process was also the worsening of Israel’s
security situation in 1993,following the Oslo accord between Israel and the
Palestinians.Israel responded to the deterioration by closures,which sharply reduced
the number of Palestinian workers in Israel,substituting them with migrant workers,
mainly from Eastern Europe,South and Central America and the Far East.
The rapid inflow of migrant workers,especially since 1995,makes Israel an
interesting case study for studying its effects on labor force participation,
unemployment,the wage structure and gross earnings inequality.Given the bias in the
government’s permit policy in favor of unskilled workers,the paper emphasizes the
effects on Israelis with weak economic endowments.
The research is based on pooled micro data,combined with data on the number
of non-Israeli workers by economic branch.The micro-data is based on the Israeli
income survey,including a host of personal characteristics,such as the individual’s
education level,labor market status and a model-based calculation of welfare benefits.
The research also focuses on government policy issues,such as the effect of the
replacement ratio on the rate of labor force participation.For individuals not in the
labor force the replacement ratio is defined as the income support payment divided by
the potential wage.The inflow of migrant workers affects the potential wage
negatively and together with a relatively easy access to income support payments,this
policy variable is found to contribute significantly to the explanation of the exclusion
from the labor force and the worsening of gross earnings distribution in a statistically
significant way.The effect of these variables on unemployment is less clear and the
effects on the wage structure are varied,distinguishing between substitutive and
complementary effects,depending on the individual’s occupational and educational
characteristics as well as on the time perspective.
The study also shows that the highly branch-specific Israeli migrant permit policy did not prevent the effects on wages from spreading throughout the economy,thus
emphasizing the general-equilibrium nature of these effects.
2002-07-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3148/1/MPRA_paper_3148.pdf
Gottlieb, Daniel (2002): The Effect of Migrant Workers on Employment,Real Wages and Inequality The Case of Israel -1995 to 2000.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3331
2019-09-27T07:20:54Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3331/
Impactos regionales de las remesas en el crecimiento económico de México
Mendoza, Jorge Eduardo
Calderon, Cuauhtemoc
O14 - Industrialization ; Manufacturing and Service Industries ; Choice of Technology
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
The study relates the economic liberalization of the Mexican economy and the expansion of remittances inflows with regional economic growth in Mexico. A convergence non-linear econometric model was specified using the degree of economic openness and remittances as the conditional variables. The results showed that some regions have experienced a rapid growth of per capita remittances. However this variable does not presented a statistically significant coefficient. On the other hand, variables reflecting economic liberalization exhibited a positive effect on regional growth.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3331/1/MPRA_paper_3331.pdf
Mendoza, Jorge Eduardo and Calderon, Cuauhtemoc (2006): Impactos regionales de las remesas en el crecimiento económico de México. Published in: Papeles de Población , Vol. 1, No. 50 (2006): pp. 197-221.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4594
2019-10-17T05:59:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4594/
Civic Participation of Immigrants: Culture Transmission and Assimilation
Aleksynska, Mariya
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Z10 - General
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
This paper employs the European Social Survey and the World Values Survey to empirically investigate civic participation of immigrants from fifty-four countries of origin to the European Union. Three sets of issues are addressed in this paper. First, the paper aims at understanding what factors determine civic participation of immigrants at large. Second, it seeks to shed light on differences and similarities between participation outcomes of immigrants and natives. The main part of the paper is dedicated to testing culture transmission and culture assimilation hypothesis with respect to civic participation. Culture assimilation is analysed within the traditional synthetic cohort methodology, and also by testing whether the levels of immigrants’ civic participation depend on the levels of natives’ civic participation in the same countries. Culture transmission is looked at by relating the levels of participation of nonmigrants in countries of origin to participation outcomes of those who migrate. In addition, the effect of other country of origin and country of destination characteristics on immigrants’ civic participation is investigated. The issue of immigrants’ self-selection is addressed by matching immigrants to otherwise similar natives and compatriots who did not migrate. The study finds limited evidence for the transmission of participation culture across borders, although certain home country characteristics continue influencing participation behaviour of individuals after migration: it is those from industrialized, net immigration, culturally more homogeneous countries who tend to participate more. On the other hand, the culture of current place of residence matters most in that by observing higher (lower) participation patterns among natives immigrants tend to participate more (less).
2007-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4594/1/MPRA_paper_4594.pdf
Aleksynska, Mariya (2007): Civic Participation of Immigrants: Culture Transmission and Assimilation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4595
2019-09-26T08:38:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4595/
Attitudes Towards Immigrants and Relative Deprivation: The Case of a Middle-Income Country
Aleksynska, Mariya
F22 - International Migration
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
This paper applies the concept of group relative deprivation to studying formation
of attitudes towards immigrants in a middle-income country’s setting. It finds that the
feeling of relative deprivation adversely affects the attitudes, even when the potential
endogeneity of relative deprivation is taken into account. Furthermore, relative
deprivation matters only for natives who subjectively underestimate their well-being, but
not for those who overestimate it. When considering other forms of natives’ perceived
disadvantage, such as in terms of employment, access to education or medical facilities,
there is a weak evidence that only perceived disadvantage in obtaining medical aid
negatively affects the attitudes.
2007-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4595/1/MPRA_paper_4595.pdf
Aleksynska, Mariya (2007): Attitudes Towards Immigrants and Relative Deprivation: The Case of a Middle-Income Country.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5535
2019-09-28T04:48:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5535/
The politics of poor law reform in early twentieth century Ireland
Cousins, Mel
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
This paper looks at the reform of poor relief in Dublin (the capital city of the then Irish Free State) in the 1920s and 1930s. In particular, it examines the introduction of the Poor Relief (Dublin) Act, 1929 and the role of political parties and interest groups in shaping its final outcome. This study is of particular interest in that it came in the first decade of Irish independence in a transitional phase of political and policy development. As such it took place before the political system took on the more rigid structures to be found in the mature Irish polity. It is one of the very few examples of an initiative by an Irish opposition party leading to significant change in the welfare area. In addition, the reform took place at a time when policies were moving from the more localised model of the nineteenth century to a more centralised approach. This local focus shows very clearly the particular class interests at play in the Dublin reform.
2007-11-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5535/1/MPRA_paper_5535.pdf
Cousins, Mel (2007): The politics of poor law reform in early twentieth century Ireland.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5722
2019-09-27T06:00:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3831
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3337
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503438
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3331
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463534
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3433
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3833
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5722/
The Transformation of Rural Labour Systems in Colonial and Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria
Kohnert, Dirk
J81 - Working Conditions
J71 - Discrimination
N37 - Africa ; Oceania
P48 - Political Economy ; Legal Institutions ; Property Rights ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Regional Studies
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
K31 - Labor Law
F54 - Colonialism ; Imperialism ; Postcolonialism
P16 - Political Economy
J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor
J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J83 - Workers' Rights
P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
The study attempts to highlight the interrelation between three central points in the ongoing debate on the political economy of development: viability, surplus, and class-formation. A case study of the develop¬ment of rural labour systems in Northern Nigeria is meant to provide both a better qualitative and quantitative idea of this interrelation. After an analysis of the socio-economic effects of forced and bonded labour during colonial times, the articulation of different systems of family and non-family labour has been investigated. Class-specific effects of labour and capital input do even result in an increasing use of communal labour by rich and middle peasants after the Nigerian Civil War: its form remains, but its content changes fundamentally. The socio-economic and material base for small-scale peasant subsistence production has been gradually destroyed.
1986
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5722/1/MPRA_paper_5722.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (1986): The Transformation of Rural Labour Systems in Colonial and Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria. Published in: Journal of Peasant Studies , Vol. 13, No. 4 (1986): pp. 258-271.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6262
2019-10-13T05:03:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6262/
Migration, Learning, and Development
Zakharenko, Roman
F22 - International Migration
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
US-educated Indian engineers played a major role in the establishment of the “Silicon Valley of Asia” in Bangalore. The experience of India and other countries shows that returning well-educated emigrants, despite their small numbers, can make a difference. This paper builds a model of “local” knowledge spillovers, in which migration of a small number of highly skilled individuals greatly affects country-level human capital accumulation. All economic activity occurs in pairs of individuals randomly matched to each other. Each pair produces the consumption good; the skills of the two partners are complementary. At the same time, the less skilled partner increases human capital by learning from the more skilled colleague. With poor institutions at home, highly skilled individuals leave the country seeking better opportunities abroad. On the contrary, improved institutions foster return migration of emigrants who have acquired more knowledge while abroad. These return migrants greatly amplify the positive effect of better institutions.
2007-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6262/1/MPRA_paper_6262.pdf
Zakharenko, Roman (2007): Migration, Learning, and Development.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6869
2019-09-26T22:01:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D45:4534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6869/
The Infrastructure and Other Costs of Immigration
Musgrave, Ralph S.
F22 - International Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
E4 - Money and Interest Rates
Since 2002, the British Government department responsible for immigration, the Home Office, has claimed immigrants pay £2-5bn more in tax than they withdraw from the public purse. The workings behind this figure omit the cost of the additional infrastructure investments that immigrants necessitate (no small omission).
The conventional wisdom is that funding government owned assets is a burden on the community at large, whereas funding private sector business assets is not. However the distinction between public and private sectors is artificial. Thus funding the private sector investments is just as much a burden on the community as funding the public sector. Thus it is the community at large funds the additional private sector business assets that immigrants necessitate. The important distinction is not between public and private sector assets, but between what might be called “communally used” assets (public and private) and assets which only one person or family benefits from, of which housing is much the most important. That is, the community at large does not pay for immigrants’ housing: immigrants themselves do.
Assets other than housing in the UK amount to about £30,000 per head. The investment burden on the community is around double this because the typical immigrant has one child shortly after arriving. Immigrants do eventually pay this back – after about a generation. But by that time interest on the debt (which is not paid back) resembles the debt itself.
Having arrived at a figure for the investment burden that immigrants impose, there is then the question as to what effect this has on the overall contribution that immigrants make, or burden that they impose. Answering this question involves answering a number of subsidiary questions about what can and cannot be debited to immigration. The four main subsidiary questions are thus.
1. Should the cost of educating immigrants’ children (£7.6bn a year) be attributed to immigration? The Home Office, Migrationwatch and others have disagreed on this for some time. It is shown that Migrationwatch is right: these educational costs should be attributed to immigration.
2. In past years, some Government current spending (as opposed to capital spending) was financed by increasing the national debt. Are immigrants (who have not benefited from this spending) effectively paying interest on this part of the national debt? If so, this would be unfair. It is shown that immigrants are not in fact paying for this past current spending.
3. Several studies have recently claimed that immigrants reduce interest rates. These studies all make the same mistake: they assume that interest rate reductions are the only weapon that governments have to raise demand with a view to employing extra workers (immigrants). In fact it is an expansion of the monetary base over the decades and centuries which has created the extra demand that immigrants necessitate. Moreover, interest rates have to rise a finite amount in reaction to immigration because someone somewhere has to forgo consumption to fund the additional investments that immigrants necessitate.
4. Do remittances reduce real incomes for natives? It is concluded that they do.
The final figure for the cost imposed on UK natives by immigrants (about £12bn a year) is tentative, first because quantifying the variables that produce the £12bn is more informed guesswork than accurate measurement. Second, some of the official figures on which the estimate is based could be inaccurate. For example, there is evidence that the official figure for the total value of all assets in the UK could have been underestimated by 100% or more; and the real figure for remittances could conceivably be ten times the official figure. In short the cost imposed on UK natives by immigrants could easily be half or double the above £12bn.
2008-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6869/1/MPRA_paper_6869.pdf
Musgrave, Ralph S. (2008): The Infrastructure and Other Costs of Immigration.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7128
2019-09-27T17:36:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433431
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7128/
Labor Market Outcomes, Savings Accumulation, and Return Migration
Kirdar, Murat
F22 - International Migration
C41 - Duration Analysis ; Optimal Timing Strategies
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
In this paper, I test the savings accumulation conjecture that is used to rationalize return migration decisions in the context of immigrants in Germany. Using cross-country and time variation in purchasing power parity, I distinguish between the two competing capital accumulation conjectures (human capital vs. savings accumulation) and uncover evidence for the savings accumulation conjecture. In addition, I examine how labor market outcomes influence return decisions. A key finding here is that unlike previous studies which find a positive impact of unemployment on return migration, I find that the direction of the impact of unemployment changes by the spell length.
2008-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7128/1/MPRA_paper_7128.pdf
Kirdar, Murat (2008): Labor Market Outcomes, Savings Accumulation, and Return Migration.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7138
2019-10-01T07:35:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7138/
Skilled Immigration and Wages in Australia
Islam, Asadul
Fausten, Dietrich
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
This paper investigates the impact of the relative growth of skilled migration on the structure of Australian wages. Unlike conventional approaches, the present study uses macro data to examine the response of wages to immigration flows. We use instrumental variable (IV) techniques to deal with the potential endogeneity of immigration. Results from alternative estimation strategies support the many prevailing empirical findings. There is no robust evidence that a relative increase in skilled immigrants exerts discernible adverse consequences on the wage structure in Australia.
2008-02-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7138/1/MPRA_paper_7138.pdf
Islam, Asadul and Fausten, Dietrich (2008): Skilled Immigration and Wages in Australia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7674
2019-10-06T22:21:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7674/
Civic Participation of Immigrants: Culture Transmission and Assimilation
Aleksynska, Mariya
F22 - International Migration
Z10 - General
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
This paper employs the European Social Survey and the World Values Survey to empirically investigate civic participation of immigrants from fifty-four countries of origin to the European Union. Three sets of issues are addressed in this paper. First, the paper aims at understanding what factors determine civic participation of immigrants at large. Second, it seeks to shed light on differences and similarities between participation outcomes of immigrants and natives. The main part of the paper is dedicated to testing culture transmission and culture assimilation hypothesis with respect to civic participation. Culture assimilation is analysed within the traditional synthetic cohort methodology, and also by testing whether the levels of immigrants’ civic participation depend on the levels of natives’ civic participation in the same countries. Culture transmission is looked at by relating the levels of participation of nonmigrants in countries of origin to participation outcomes of those who migrate. In addition, the effect of other country of origin and country of destination characteristics on immigrants’ civic participation is investigated. The issue of immigrants’ self-selection is addressed by matching immigrants to otherwise similar natives and compatriots who did not migrate. The study finds limited evidence for the transmission of participation culture across borders, although certain home country characteristics continue influencing participation behaviour of individuals after migration: it is those from industrialized, net immigration, culturally more homogeneous countries who tend to participate more. On the other hand, the culture of current place of residence matters most in that by observing higher (lower) participation patterns among natives immigrants tend to participate more (less).
2007-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7674/1/MPRA_paper_7674.pdf
Aleksynska, Mariya (2007): Civic Participation of Immigrants: Culture Transmission and Assimilation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7803
2019-09-27T16:54:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3635
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D44:4439:443931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7803/
Estimating the impact of immigrants on the host country social security system when return migration is an endogenous choice
Kirdar, Murat G.
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
J65 - Unemployment Insurance ; Severance Pay ; Plant Closings
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
D91 - Intertemporal Household Choice ; Life Cycle Models and Saving
In this paper, I examine the impact of immigrants on the social security system in Germany when return migration is an endogenous choice. For this purpose, I develop a dynamic
stochastic model of joint return migration and saving decisions that accounts for uncertainty in future employment and income and estimate this model using a longitudinal dataset on immigrants from five different source countries. I find that immigrants make positive
net contributions to both the pension and unemployment insurance systems in Germany regardless of their country of origin and age-at-entry. Moreover, the magnitudes of the
net contributions are remarkable for certain groups. Return migration plays a critical role in generating these positive net contributions. In a counterfactual, I examine how much exogenous modeling of the return decision, which has been the practice of the literature so far, changes immigrants’ net contributions. Such a restriction causes a serious misestimation of net contributions. I also examine the impact of a counterfactual policy experiment in which
financial bonuses are provided conditional on return to certain unemployed immigrants. Such a policy turns out to be ineffective in a number of dimensions.
2008-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7803/1/MPRA_paper_7803.pdf
Kirdar, Murat G. (2008): Estimating the impact of immigrants on the host country social security system when return migration is an endogenous choice.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8654
2019-09-27T10:03:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8654/
Intergenerational Time Transfers and Internal Migration: Accounting for Low Spatial Mobility in Southern Europe
Mendez, Ildefonso
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
This paper examines the hypothesis that living close to grandparents is optimal
for Southern European young couples with children in which the wife works given the
combination of, on the one hand, substantial help �ows in the form of grandparenting
and, on the other hand, the shortage in the provision of formal childcare services in
these countries. I develop a partial equilibrium job search model that incorporates
these �ndings. Simulation results show that a reduction in the price of private
childcare services is more e¤ective in increasing women�s employment, fertility and
inter-regional migration rates than an increase in the availability of publicly funded
childcare slots. Using ECHP data I �nd that families with children in which the wife
works move signi�cantly less than equivalent childless couples only if they live in a
Southern European country. That e¤ect is found for both inter- and intra-regional
migrations but is substantially larger in the former case.
2008-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8654/1/MPRA_paper_8654.pdf
Mendez, Ildefonso (2008): Intergenerational Time Transfers and Internal Migration: Accounting for Low Spatial Mobility in Southern Europe.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8703
2019-09-28T11:53:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8703/
Do Migrants succeed in the Australian Labour Market? Furher Evidence on Job Quality
Mahuteau, Stephane
Junankar, Pramod
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J68 - Public Policy
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
While the Coalition Government was in power in Australia from 1996 to 2007, new immigrants have had to face tougher selection criteria and increased financial pressure. Most studies so far have overlooked the issue of the quality of the jobs obtained by new immigrants to Australia and whether the policy change has contributed to improve or worsen job quality among immigrants and their ability to move upward. Job quality is thought to be related to the channels of information used by immigrants in their job search. Some studies suggest that jobs found via networks of same origin migrants are of lower quality. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we investigate the effect of time since settlement on the ability of migrants to better their labour market outcomes. Second, we quantify the relationships between job quality and migrants’ job search methods and test whether they were affected by the policy changes.
Using the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia (LSIA), we estimate the probabilities for immigrants to find “good jobs”, controlling for their initial employability upon arrival in Australia. We test several models involving various definitions of “good job”, from objective conditions, based on the nature and status of the occupation, to more subjective conditions based on job satisfaction. We show that the sole effect of being a second cohort migrant is beneficial for the probability to both find a job and a “good job” within the first year and half after settlement. After this time, cohort two migrants who still have not found a good job experience more difficulty to improve. Moreover, informal channels of information on job prospects have been slightly more efficient in enabling second cohort migrants to find good jobs, even though they still provide individuals with a disadvantage compared to formal channels.
2007-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8703/1/MPRA_paper_8703.pdf
Mahuteau, Stephane and Junankar, Pramod (2007): Do Migrants succeed in the Australian Labour Market? Furher Evidence on Job Quality.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9731
2019-10-02T17:07:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523132
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9731/
Zipf’s and Gibrat’s laws for migrations
Clemente, Jesús
González-Val, Rafael
Olloqui, Irene
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
This paper analyses the evolution of the size distribution of the stock of emigrants in the period 1960-2000. Has the distribution of the stock of emigrants changed or has there been some convergence? This is the question discussed in this work. In particular, we are interested in testing the fulfillment of two empirical regularities studied in urban economics: Zipf’s law, which postulates that the product between the rank and size of a population is constant; and Gibrat’s law, witch states that growth rate of a variable is independent of its initial size. We use parametric and non-parametric methods and apply them to absolute (stock of emigrants) and relative (migration density, defined as the quotient between the stock of emigrants of a country and its total population)measurements.
2008-07-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9731/1/MPRA_paper_9731.pdf
Clemente, Jesús and González-Val, Rafael and Olloqui, Irene (2008): Zipf’s and Gibrat’s laws for migrations.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9830
2019-10-08T16:33:08Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9830/
Earnings on the information technology roller coaster: insight from matched employer-employee data
Hotchkiss, Julie L.
Pitts, M. Melinda
Robertson, John
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
This article uses matched employer-employee data for the State of Georgia to examine workers' earnings experience through the information technology (IT) sector's employment boom of the mid-1990's and bust in the early 2000s. The results show that even after controlling for pre-boom individual characteristics, transitioning out of the IT sector to a non-IT industry generally resulted in a large wage penalty. However, IT service workers who transitioned to a non-IT industry still fared better than workers who took a non-IT employment path. For IT manufacturing workers, there is no benefit to having been touched by technology, likely because of the nontransferability of manufacturing experience to other industries.
2006-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9830/1/MPRA_paper_9830.pdf
Hotchkiss, Julie L. and Pitts, M. Melinda and Robertson, John (2006): Earnings on the information technology roller coaster: insight from matched employer-employee data. Published in: Southern Economic Journal , Vol. 73, No. 2 (October 2006): pp. 342-361.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10010
2019-09-29T07:58:43Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503336
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503237
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10010/
Armenia: What drives first movers and how can their efforts be scaled up?
Minoian, Victoria
Freinkman, Lev
P36 - Consumer Economics ; Health ; Education and Training ; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
P27 - Performance and Prospects
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
The paper examines ways to expand the contribution of the Armenian diaspora to Armenia’s long-term development agenda. It identifies factors that could explain the involvement and dynamics of a small group of entrepreneurs from the diaspora who have been active in and with Armenia. Based on these findings, it develops recommendations, consistent with the diaspora’s institutional capabilities, for increasing the number of such business activists and transforming diaspora efforts from humanitarian relief campaigns to business initiatives and development projects. The findings are based on detailed interviews with a group of prominent diaspora activists.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10010/1/MPRA_paper_10010.pdf
Minoian, Victoria and Freinkman, Lev (2005): Armenia: What drives first movers and how can their efforts be scaled up? Published in: (2006): pp. 129-149.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10013
2019-09-26T09:54:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10013/
ROLE OF THE DIASPORAS IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES: LESSONS FROM ARMENIA
Freinkman, Lev
F22 - International Migration
P30 - General
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
The paper develops additional economic arguments to emphasize the potential importance of the Diasporas’ contribution to economic transformation of former socialist economies. At the same time, it argues that so far this potential has been grossly underutilized, especially in the economies of the Former Soviet Union (FSU). Based on the analysis of such underutilization for a case of Armenia, the paper provides a set of simple recommendations on how to rationalize the Diaspora’s involvement and assistance to home countries in the course of transition.
2000
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10013/1/MPRA_paper_10013.pdf
Freinkman, Lev (2000): ROLE OF THE DIASPORAS IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES: LESSONS FROM ARMENIA. Published in: Cuba in Transition by ASCE (2001): pp. 332-342.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10165
2019-10-02T00:32:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3637
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463031
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10165/
The globalisation in the clothing sector and its implications for work organisation: a view from the Portuguese case
Moniz, António
Paulos, Margarida Ramires
L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather Goods; Household Goods; Sports Equipment
F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
F01 - Global Outlook
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
A14 - Sociology of Economics
The clothing sector in Portugal is still seen, in many aspects as a traditional sector with some average characteristics, such as: low level of qualifications, less flexible labour legislation and stronger unionisation, very low salaries and low capability of investment in innovation and new technology. Is, nevertheless, a very important sector in terms of labour market, with increased weight in the exporting structure. Globalisation and delocalisation are having a strong impact in the organisation of work and in occupational careers in the sector. With the pressure of global competitiveness in what concerns time and prices, very few companies are able to keep a position in the market without changes in organisation of work and workers. And those that can perform good responses to such challenges are achieving a better economical stability. The companies have found different ways to face this reality according to size, capital and position. We could find two main paths: one where companies outsource a part or the entire production to another territory (for example, several manufacturing tasks), close and/or dismissal the workers. Other path, where companies up skilled their capacities investing, for example, in design, workers training, conception and introduction of new or original products. This paper will present some results from the European project WORKS – Work organisation and restructuring in the knowledge society (6th Framework Programme), focusing the Portuguese case studies in several clothing companies in what concern implications of global context for the companies in general and for the workers in particular, in a comparative analysis with some other European countries.
2008-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10165/1/MPRA_paper_10165.pdf
Moniz, António and Paulos, Margarida Ramires (2008): The globalisation in the clothing sector and its implications for work organisation: a view from the Portuguese case.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11184
2019-10-03T04:49:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11184/
The Bitter Taste of Strawberry Jam: Distortions on Romanian Labour Market beyond 2007
Silasi, Grigore
Simina, Ovidiu Laurian
F22 - International Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
The paper is a contribution at the scientific debate of migration and mobility issues in the context of an enlarged European Union (EU-27). We consider that Romania, a country with a labour market that faces distortions, will benefit from migration on short term, but will need to import labour force in order to maintain the development trend. Remittances, as result of Romanians emigration after 2002, helped the economic development of the country in the last years (remittances’ inflow doubled the FDI). As a response to the media debate regarding Romania’s emigration, we consider that the fear of mass migration from Romania following the year 2007 is not justified. While the European (and mostly British) media cries on the threat of Bulgarians and Romanians’ emigration, as following to the 2007 accession, the scientific reports say that the A8 countries’ migration benefits to economy of the EU15 countries. In the same time, the Romanian media and the Romanian entrepreneurs announce the ‘Chinese invasion’ and the lack of labour in construction, industry and even agriculture. We see labour as goods: the economic theory say that goods are moving with the prices, the highest price attracts (more) goods. Romania is not only a gateway for the East-West international migration (like Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece for the South-North direction), but a labour market in need of workers. While a big part of the labour force is already migrated, mostly to the SE Europe (some 2.5m workers are cited to be abroad, with both legal and illegal/irregular status), the Romanian companies could not find local workers to use them in order to benefit from the money inflow targeting Romania in the light of its new membership to the European Union (foreign investments and European post accession funds). Instead of increasing the salaries, the local employers rather prefer to ‘import’ workers from poorer countries (Chinese, Moldavians, Ukrainians, who still accept a lower wage as compared to the medium wage in Romania, but bigger enough as compared to those from their country of origin). The paper concludes with the case of the Banat region, considered the ‘Western Europe’ from Romania, as a small scale model for the labour market relations within the whole EU.
2007-10-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11184/1/MPRA_paper_11184.pdf
Silasi, Grigore and Simina, Ovidiu Laurian (2007): The Bitter Taste of Strawberry Jam: Distortions on Romanian Labour Market beyond 2007.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11491
2019-09-28T08:00:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3236
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11491/
Indonesian Trainees in Japanese SMEs, Capital Accumulation and Micro-Small Business Development in Indonesia: A Preliminary Study
Wempi, Saputra
Budhi, Setiawan
Erkata, Yandri
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
L26 - Entrepreneurship
Indonesia is one of the world important suppliers of young trainees in Japan. We present a preliminary study’s result on Indonesian trainees in Japanese SMEs and their potential to develop micro-small business in Indonesia. This paper utilizes three step approaches. First, an online survey of potency of Indonesian trainees in Japan has been conducting since October 2007 followed up by a Japan-wide Entrepreneurship and Banking Trainings (PWEP). Second, web-based business start-ups consultation forums for Indonesian trainees have been conducted since January 2008 followed up by networking creation with Bank of Indonesia. Third, a key performance indicator of business proposed and money invested was developed. We report three main findings: first, over 70% of Indonesian trainees were working at manufacturing-based Japanese SMEs and might acquire a necessary human capital in developing micro-small manufacturing-based business start-ups. In addition, more than 60% of them could save their income at least 25-40% of their total monthly income, suggested that capital foundation required for business creation might then be compromised. Second, the structural constraint of unmonitored Indonesian trainees might cause problems in which—after having cultural distress while working in Japan and less conducive condition in managing their capital after returning to Indonesia—the potential to become an law-breaking overstay workers is considerably high and might cause a more sophisticated problem in the future. Third, the importance of directing step for Indonesian trainees who are interested in creating businesses and key performance indicators for measuring its achievement are acknowledged.
2008-11-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11491/1/MPRA_paper_11491.pdf
Wempi, Saputra and Budhi, Setiawan and Erkata, Yandri (2008): Indonesian Trainees in Japanese SMEs, Capital Accumulation and Micro-Small Business Development in Indonesia: A Preliminary Study.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12273
2019-09-27T04:17:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12273/
Migration, Mobility and Human Rights at the Eastern Border of the European Union - Space of Freedom and Security
Silasi, Grigore
Simina, Ovidiu Laurian
F22 - International Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
This edited collection of migration papers would like to emphasise the acute need for migration related study and research in Romania. At this time, migration and mobility are studied as minor subjects in Economics, Sociology, Political Sciences and European Studies only (mostly at post-graduate level). We consider that Romanian universities need more ‘migration studies’, while research should cover migration as a whole, migration and mobility being analysed from different points of view – social, economical, legal etc. Romania is part of the European Migration Space not only as a source of labourers for the European labour market, but also as source of quality research for the European scientific arena. Even a country located at the eastern border of the European Union, we consider Romania as part of the European area of freedom, security and justice, and therefore interested in solving correctly all challenges incurred by the complex phenomena of migration and workers’ mobility at the European level. The waves of illegal immigrants arriving continuously on the Spanish, Italian and Maltese shores, and the workers’ flows from the new Member States from Central and Eastern Europe following the 2004 accession, forced the EU officials and the whole Europe to open the debate on the economical and mostly social consequences of labour mobility. This study volume is our contribution to this important scientific debate.
Starting with the spring of 2005, the Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence and the School of High Comparative European Studies (SISEC), both within the West University of Timisoara, have proposed a series of events in order to raise the awareness of the Romanian scientific environment on this very sensitive issues: migration and mobility in the widen European Space. An annual international event to celebrate 9 May - The Europe Day was already a tradition for SISEC (an academic formula launched back in 1995 in order to prepare national experts in European affairs, offering academic post-graduate degrees in High European Studies). With the financial support from the Jean Monnet Programme (DG Education and Culture, European Commission), a first migration panel was organised in the framework of the international colloquium ‘Romania and the European Union in 2007’ held in Timisoara between 6 and 7 of May 2005 (panel Migration, Asylum and Human Rights at the Eastern Border of the European Union). Having in mind the positive welcoming of the migration related subjects during the 2005 colloquium, a second event was organised on 5 May 2006 in the framework of the European Year of Workers’ Mobility: the international colloquium Migration and Mobility: Assets and Challenges for the Enlargement of the European Union. In the same period, the Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence, SISEC and The British Council in Bucharest have jointly edited two special issues of The Romanian Journal of European Studies, no.4/2005 and 5-6/2006, both dedicated to migration and mobility.
Preliminary versions of many of the chapters of this volume were presented at the above mentioned international events. The papers were chosen according to their scientific quality, after an anonymously peer-review selection. The authors debate both theoretical issues and practical results of their research. They are renowned experts at international level, members of the academia, PhD students or experienced practitioners involved in the management of the migration flows at the governmental level.
This volume was financed by the Jean Monnet Programme of the Directorate General Education and Culture, European Commission, throughout the Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence (C03/0110) within the West University of Timisoara, Romania, and is dedicated to the European Year of Workers’ Mobility 2006.
Timisoara, December 2006
2006-12-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12273/1/MPRA_paper_12273.pdf
Silasi, Grigore and Simina, Ovidiu Laurian (2006): Migration, Mobility and Human Rights at the Eastern Border of the European Union - Space of Freedom and Security.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12879
2019-09-26T16:07:37Z
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7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12879/
Environmental pressures and rural-urban migration: The case of Bangladesh
Herrmann, Michael
Svarin, David
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
R0 - General
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
Bangladesh, like other least developed countries (LDC), has a large rural population and agricultural labor force. At the turn of the Millennium 75 percent of the LDCs’ population still lived in rural areas and 71 percent of the LDCs’ labor force was involved in agriculture. Yet, even the least developed countries are affected by rapidly accelerating rural-to-urban migration. This decade, 2001-2010, is the first ever in which the urban population grows faster than the rural population in the LDCs. And this change is also associated with a historic employment transition, where the agricultural sector gradually loses importance.
Both the population and the employment transition that can be observed for the group of least develops countries, are largely attributable to LDC's in Asia, and in particular Bangladesh. The very large rural-urban migration in Bangladesh, in comparison with other least developed countries, is attributable to relatively strong push factors on the one hand, and strong pull factors on the other. The principle factor that encourages people to leave their homes in the country side is the frequent recurrence of natural disasters, which undermine agricultural development and cause food crisis. By contrast, the principle factor that attracts people to urban centers is the expansion of the non-agricultural sectors, industry and services, which promises jobs and higher household incomes.
2009-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12879/1/MPRA_paper_12879.pdf
Herrmann, Michael and Svarin, David (2009): Environmental pressures and rural-urban migration: The case of Bangladesh.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13322
2019-09-28T05:51:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13322/
Source Country Characteristics and Immigrants’ Migration Duration and Saving Decisions
Kirdar, Murat
F22 - International Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
This paper examines how immigrants' migration duration and saving decisions in the host country respond to changes in purchasing power parity (ppp) as well as in the wage ratio between the host and source countries. For this purpose, I develop a model of immigrants' joint migration duration and saving decisions and derive comparative static results regarding the impact of ppp and wage ratio on these decisions. An interesting implication of the theoretical model is that immigrants may in fact stay longer in the host country as a result of an increase in ppp, in particular those with a low degree of relative risk aversion. I test the implications of this model using a longitudinal data set that includes immigrants from four different source countries in Germany and employing panel data estimation methods. The empirical results reveal that an increase in ppp decreases the optimal migration duration. Moreover, optimal migration duration is elastic with respect to ppp. An interesting empirical finding is that, holding individual immigrant characteristics constant, immigrants from poorer source countries have a shorter migration duration than immigrants from wealthier source countries. The empirical results also reveal that ppp has a positive effect on saving rate, which is consistent with the implications of the model, and that saving rate is also elastic with respect to ppp.
2009-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13322/1/MPRA_paper_13322.pdf
Kirdar, Murat (2009): Source Country Characteristics and Immigrants’ Migration Duration and Saving Decisions.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13573
2019-10-02T16:29:38Z
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13573/
Does Employment Quota Explain Occupational Choice Among Disadvantaged Groups? A Natural Experiment from India
Prakash, Nishith
Howard, Larry
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
O10 - General
O2 - Development Planning and Policy
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
This paper examines the effect of a federally-mandated public sector employment quota policy for minorities on their occupational choice. We utilize multiple logit models to estimate the effect of the policy on the choice between a high, middle, or low-skill public sector occupation during the 1980s and 1990s. The main findings are, first, the policy has a significant effect on the choice of occupation for both groups. The policy increases the probability of the scheduled caste group choosing high-skill occupations and decreases the probability of choosing middle-skill occupations. In contrast, the policy decreases the probability of the scheduled tribe group choosing high-skill occupations and increases their probability of choosing low-skill occupations. Second, the influence
of the policy is interrelated with an individual's years of
schooling. Third, we find evidence of employment quota externalities in that a policy targeted at one group affects the occupational choice of the other group. Overall, the results suggest that federally-mandated employment quotas do change occupational choice
for the target disadvantaged groups and contribute to their improved socio-economic standing.
2008-11-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13573/1/MPRA_paper_13573.pdf
Prakash, Nishith and Howard, Larry (2008): Does Employment Quota Explain Occupational Choice Among Disadvantaged Groups? A Natural Experiment from India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13755
2019-09-28T04:30:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13755/
Return Migration: an Empirical Investigation
Zakharenko, Roman
F22 - International Migration
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
Many people emigrating abroad eventually return home. Yet, little is known about the returnees: who are they and how do they compare to those who did not return? How does their decision to return depend on economic situation at home? In this paper, I empirically analyze the propensity of US immigrants to return. To identify return migration, I use the method adopted from Van Hook et.al. (2006). The method is based the U.S. Current Population Survey (CPS) which
interviews households for two consecutive years. About a quarter of foreign-born individuals drop out of the sample between the first and the second years, due to various causes including return migration.
After eliminating all other causes of dropout, I estimate the propensity of immigrants to return, depending on personal and home country characteristics. I find that the difference between recent immigrants and other immigrants is greater than the difference between men and women, or skilled and unskilled migrants. Thus, assimilation differentiates immigrants more in their decision to return than education or gender. In particular, distance to home country negatively affects return propensity of those who arrived over 10 years ago, and has no effect on recent immigrants.
2008-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13755/1/MPRA_paper_13755.pdf
Zakharenko, Roman (2008): Return Migration: an Empirical Investigation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15112
2019-09-27T01:28:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15112/
Taking Stock of Research on Regional Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa
Nkamleu, Guy Blaise
Fox, Louise
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
O16 - Financial Markets ; Saving and Capital Investment ; Corporate Finance and Governance
J68 - Public Policy
This study reviews a host of issues related to international migration in Sub-Saharan Africa and presents an overview of the state of the art of research and knowl-edge. Its aim is to identify policies and research areas that will improve understanding and management of migration in Sub-Sahara Africa and help maximize the potential benefits of migration, especially for poor people, while minimizing its risks and costs. The study covers a broad range of issues in the migration literature, but is not exhaustive.
This report first provides a historical overview of migration in Sub-Saharan Af-rica and then examines the scale and regional trends of migration. It explores the intersec-tions between migration and labor market and the links between migration and develop-ment. It also looks at institutions and policies and investigates issues related to politics, ethics, and migration before exploring implications for further investigation.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15112/1/MPRA_paper_15112.pdf
Nkamleu, Guy Blaise and Fox, Louise (2006): Taking Stock of Research on Regional Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15276
2019-09-29T04:45:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15276/
The Immigrants Odds of Slipping into Poverty during Business Cycles: Double Jeopardy?
Kim, Jongsung
Tebaldi, Edinaldo
I30 - General
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
This paper makes an empirical contribution in unraveling the argument that immigration is either the sole or even the most important factor behind the U.S. poverty. While this argument is understandable, the blame is misplaced. Using data from the Current Population Survey, we show that between 1994 and 2008 the national poverty rate of immigrants fell three times faster than that of natives (5.4 compared to 1.8 percentage points). The poverty rate of recent immigrants (those in the United States for less than 10 years) fell even faster at almost six times faster than that of natives (10.7 compared to 1.8 percentage points). The empirical analysis of this paper shows that the odds of experiencing poverty for both natives and immigrants depend on micro factors such as individual characteristics and macro factors such as business cycle in the U.S. economy.
2009-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15276/1/MPRA_paper_15276.pdf
Kim, Jongsung and Tebaldi, Edinaldo (2009): The Immigrants Odds of Slipping into Poverty during Business Cycles: Double Jeopardy?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16121
2019-09-27T00:56:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16121/
The Impact of Information on Migration Outcomes
Demiralp, Berna
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
This paper presents a model of migration in which migration decisions are made with incomplete information on the labor market conditions at destination. It provides an explanation for how differences in the level of information about the destination can bring about differences in economic outcomes related to migration, such as the migration propensity and the return to migration. The implications of the model show the conditions under which information positively and negatively affects these outcomes. Thus, the model can be used to explain a wide set of empirical findings regarding the relationship between information and migration outcomes. 2005 CPS data are used to estimate the econometric model. The estimation results suggest that increased access to information regarding destination labor markets increases one's likelihood to migrate to another state. Furthermore, the findings suggest that people who have more information regarding the destination at the time of their migration decision on average experience higher returns to migration.
2009-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16121/1/MPRA_paper_16121.pdf
Demiralp, Berna (2009): The Impact of Information on Migration Outcomes.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16896
2019-09-26T17:09:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16896/
Internal Migration and Income Inequality in China: Evidence from Village Panel Data
Ha, Wei
Yi, Junjian
Zhang, Junsen
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
C33 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
Existing studies on the impact of migration on income inequality at sending communities suffer from severe methodology defects and data limitations. This paper analyzes the impact of rural-to-urban migration on inequality using a newly constructed panel dataset for around 100 villages over a ten-year period from 1997 to 2006 in China. To our best knowledge, this is the first paper that examines the dynamic aspects of migration and income inequality employing a dynamic panel data analysis. Unlike earlier studies focusing exclusively on remittances, our data include the total labor earnings of migrants in destination areas. Furthermore, we look at the gender dimension of the impact of migration on wage inequality within the sending communities.
Since income inequality is time-persisting, we use a system GMM framework to control for the lagged income inequality in estimating the effect of emigration on income inequality in the sending villages. At the same time, contemporary emigration is validly instrumented in the GMM framework because of the unobserved time-varying community shock that correlates with emigration and income inequality, as well as with the potential reverse causality from income inequality to emigration. We found a Kuznets (inverse U-shaped) pattern between migration and income inequality in the sending communities. Specifically, contemporary emigration increases income inequality, while lagged emigration has strong income inequality-reducing effect in the sending villages. A 50-percent increase in the lagged emigration rate translates into one-sixth to one-seventh standard deviation reduction in inequality. Contemporary emigration has slightly smaller effects in raising the income inequality within villages. These effects are robust to the different specifications and different measures of inequality. More interestingly, the estimated relationship between emigration and the gender wage gap also has an inverse U-shaped pattern. Emigration tends to increase the gender wage gap initially, and then tends to decrease it in the sending villages.
2009-06-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16896/1/MPRA_paper_16896.pdf
Ha, Wei and Yi, Junjian and Zhang, Junsen (2009): Internal Migration and Income Inequality in China: Evidence from Village Panel Data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17496
2019-10-01T19:54:10Z
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A37
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17496/
Identity matters: inter- and intra-racial disparity and labor market outcomes
Mason, Patrick L.
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
J7 - Labor Discrimination
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
Standard analysis of racial inequality incorporates racial classification as an exogenous binary variable. This approach obfuscates the importance of racial self-identity and clouds our ability to understand the relative importance of unobserved productivity-linked attributes versus market discrimination as determinants of racial inequality in labor market outcomes. Our examination of identity heterogeneity among African Americans suggests racial wage disparity is most consistent with weak colorism, while genotype disparity best describes racial employment differences. Further, among African Americans, the wage data are not consistent with the hypothesis that black-mixed race wage disparity can be explained by differences in unobserved productivity-linked productive attributes.
2009-05-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17496/1/MPRA_paper_17496.pdf
Mason, Patrick L. (2009): Identity matters: inter- and intra-racial disparity and labor market outcomes.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17497
2019-09-30T21:23:30Z
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17497/
Culture matters: America’s African Diaspora and labor market outcomes
Mason, Patrick
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
J7 - Labor Discrimination
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
This paper contrasts the explanatory power of the mono-cultural and diversity models of racial disparity. The mono-cultural model ignores nativity and ethnic differences among African Americans. The diversity model assumes that culture affects both intra- and interracial labor market disparity. The diversity model seeks to enhance our ability to understand the relative merits of culture versus market discrimination as determinants of racial inequality in labor market outcomes. Our results are consistent with the diversity model of racial inequality. Specifically, racial disparity consists of the following outcomes: 1) persistent racial wage and employment effects between both native and immigrant African Americans and whites, 2) limited ethnicity effects among African Americans, 3) diverse employment and wage effects among native and immigrant African Americans, 4) intra-racial wage penalties (premiums) for immigrant (native) African Americans, and 5) evidence of relatively higher unobserved productivity-linked attributes among Caribbean-English immigrants. There are regional and intertemporal variations in these inequalities.
2009-05-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17497/1/MPRA_paper_17497.pdf
Mason, Patrick (2009): Culture matters: America’s African Diaspora and labor market outcomes.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19354
2019-09-29T09:30:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443530
7375626A656374733D46:4632
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19354/
Emigration, Wage Inequality and Vanishing Sectors
Marjit, Sugata
Kar, Saibal
D50 - General
F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
Emigration leads to finite changes in structure of production and sectors vanish because they cannot pay higher wages. Does emigration of one type of labor hurt the other non-emigrating type in this set up? We demonstrate various scenarios when real income of the emigrating and the non-emigrating type do not move together and in the process generalize some of the existing results in the literature. In particular emigration can lead to a drastic change in the degree of inequality depending on which sectors survive in the post-emigration scenario.
2009-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19354/1/MPRA_paper_19354.pdf
Marjit, Sugata and Kar, Saibal (2009): Emigration, Wage Inequality and Vanishing Sectors.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19843
2019-09-28T19:33:01Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523132
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19843/
Zipf’s and Gibrat’s laws for migrations
Clemente, Jesús
González-Val, Rafael
Olloqui, Irene
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
This paper analyzes the evolution of the size distribution of the stock of immigrants in the period 1960–2000. In particular, we are interested in testing the validity of two empirical regularities: Zipf’s law, which postulates that the product between the rank and size of a population is constant; and Gibrat’s law, according to which the growth rate of a variable is independent of its initial size. We use parametric and nonparametric methods and apply them to absolute (stock of immigrants) and relative (migration density, defined as the quotient between the stock of immigrants of a country and its total population) measurements. We find that both the stock of immigrants and migration density follow similar size distributions to those of cities and of countries. Contrary to what traditional migrations models predict, growth in the stock of immigrants is independent of the initial stock. Moreover, the growth of migration density shows a divergent behaviour, which could be explained by the lower birth rates of host countries and the reduction in the cost of emigration produced by the presence of a previous stock of immigrants in the country.
2010-01-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19843/1/MPRA_paper_19843.pdf
Clemente, Jesús and González-Val, Rafael and Olloqui, Irene (2010): Zipf’s and Gibrat’s laws for migrations. Forthcoming in: The Annals of Regional Science
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19902
2019-10-10T16:15:00Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D41:4131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433331
7375626A656374733D44:4431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19902/
Hedonic analysis in a spatial context: theoretical problems in valuing location-specific amenities
Graves, Philip E.
Knapp, Thomas A.
A1 - General Economics
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries
C31 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions ; Social Interaction Models
D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics
Hedonic analysis is frequently implemented to generate implicit prices for location-specific amenities within single markets, either in cross-city wage differentials or within-city rent gradients. Amenities are shown to be generally priced in both land and labor markets, with single market valuations tending to understate true amenity values. Establishing a correct multi-market amenity valuation model is seen to depend on the resolution of a host of additional issues.
1985-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19902/1/MPRA_paper_19902.pdf
Graves, Philip E. and Knapp, Thomas A. (1985): Hedonic analysis in a spatial context: theoretical problems in valuing location-specific amenities. Published in: Economic Record , Vol. 61, No. 175 : pp. 737-743.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19983
2019-09-27T12:22:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19983/
Employment and Social Cohesion
Scarlat, Valentin
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
The EU is striving to create growth and jobs through a multilateral approach. In particular, measures improving the competitiveness of our economies, stimulating innovation and productivity and strengthening the marginal incentives to work are considered. At the same time, EU energy policies are a sustainable way of creating jobs and enhancing growth and are hence a part of the solution to the current economic crisis. However, is to be stressed, the longer-term goal remains the building of Europe’s future prosperity on the basis of a knowledge (cognition) economy.
2009-12-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19983/1/MPRA_paper_19983.pdf
Scarlat, Valentin (2009): Employment and Social Cohesion.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20194
2019-09-27T07:53:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4D:4D30
7375626A656374733D4D:4D33
7375626A656374733D4D:4D30:4D3030
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3832
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20194/
Diversity and multiculturalism as a strategy for strengthening Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the global market
Perumal, Koshy
M0 - General
M3 - Marketing and Advertising
M00 - General
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J82 - Labor Force Composition
Managing multiculturalism is indeed a challenge both at the, governance as well as managerial levels. Organisations are increasingly realising vast diversity within the global market and devising strategies to make the most out of it. Why is multiculturalism being adopted as a leading corporate value? What are the rationality behind it in terms of profit generation and operations of a business? How are large corporates managing diversity? What are the lessons for Indian Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises? And why should MSMEs take them into consideration? Cultural competence and cultural literacy are very crucial in the global market place, both for companies as well leadership. The caste, creed, community and language proclivities of an employer in India could invariably reflect in the recruitment and HR policies of an organization. But such prejudices, when assuming overwhelming proportions, could be detrimental to peace, progress and development, and above all, national integration. Educational expansion and empowerment: With India’s diverse groups of communities from different cultural backgrounds getting empowered and achieving educational attainments, it’s going to be the MSMEs that they would be absorbed in, since MSMEs are the largest employment generation sector in the country. But how far MSMEs are equipped to manage worksite diversity? This paper addresses challenges and opportunities for MSMEs in the multicultural global market.
2010-01-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20194/1/MPRA_paper_20194.pdf
Perumal, Koshy (2010): Diversity and multiculturalism as a strategy for strengthening Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the global market.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20223
2019-09-26T08:12:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4D:4D30
7375626A656374733D4D:4D33
7375626A656374733D4D:4D30:4D3030
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3832
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20223/
Diversity and multiculturalism as a strategy for strengthening Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the global market
Perumal, Koshy
M0 - General
M3 - Marketing and Advertising
M00 - General
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J82 - Labor Force Composition
Managing multiculturalism is indeed a challenge both at the, governance as well as managerial levels. Organisations are increasingly realising vast diversity within the global market and devising strategies to make the most out of it. Why is multiculturalism being adopted as a leading corporate value? What are the rationality behind it in terms of profit generation and operations of a business? How are large corporates managing diversity? What are the lessons for Indian Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises? And why should MSMEs take them into consideration? Cultural competence and cultural literacy are very crucial in the global market place, both for companies as well leadership. The caste, creed, community and language proclivities of an employer in India could invariably reflect in the recruitment and HR policies of an organization. But such prejudices, when assuming overwhelming proportions, could be detrimental to peace, progress and development, and above all, national integration. Educational expansion and empowerment: With India’s diverse groups of communities from different cultural backgrounds getting empowered and achieving educational attainments, it’s going to be the MSMEs that they would be absorbed in, since MSMEs are the largest employment generation sector in the country. But how far MSMEs are equipped to manage worksite diversity? This paper addresses challenges and opportunities for MSMEs in the multicultural global market.
2010-01-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20223/1/MPRA_paper_20223.pdf
Perumal, Koshy (2010): Diversity and multiculturalism as a strategy for strengthening Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the global market.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21688
2019-10-06T08:59:38Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21688/
"A Theory of Migration as a Response to Occupational Stigma"
Stark, Oded
Fan, Simon C.
F22 - International Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
A theory is developed of labor migration that is prompted by a desire to avoid "social humiliation." In a general equilibrium framework it is shown that as long as migration can reduce humiliation sufficiently, migration will occur even between two identical economies. Migration increases the number of individuals who choose to perform degrading jobs and consequently, migration lowers the price of the good produced in the sector that is associated with low social status. Moreover, the greater an individual's aversion to performing degrading jobs, the more likely it is that he will experience a welfare gain when the economy opens up.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21688/1/MPRA_paper_21688.pdf
Stark, Oded and Fan, Simon C. (2010): "A Theory of Migration as a Response to Occupational Stigma". Forthcoming in: International Economic Review
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21734
2019-09-27T12:19:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523231
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21734/
Determinants of different internal migration trends: the Italian experience
Napolitano, Oreste
Bonasia, Mariangela
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
R21 - Housing Demand
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
This paper investigates the determinants of interregional migration in Italy for the period 1985-2006, during which different migration trends took place. In so doing, in addition to the traditional variables of Harris and Todaro model, the impact of housing prices and externalities variables were studied. Our results, using a dynamic panel GMM, show that the H-T model, due to the complexity of the internal migration process, omits some important economic and non-economic variables and may not be representative of migration flow in Italy. Furthermore, our analysis confirms our intuition that for different periods we have to take into account different determinants.
2010-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21734/1/MPRA_paper_21734.pdf
Napolitano, Oreste and Bonasia, Mariangela (2010): Determinants of different internal migration trends: the Italian experience.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22213
2019-09-28T18:32:58Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22213/
Negative selectivity of Europe’s guest-worker immigration?
Dronkers, Jaap
Heus, Manon de
F22 - International Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
The aim of this paper is to empirically test the negative selectivity hypothesis as an explanation of the lower educational achievements of Turkish immigrant pupils. We do this by comparing educational achievement Turkish immigrant pupils in various European countries with the educational achievement of Turks at home, using the PISA 2006 data. Our analysis supports the thesis that the Turkish immigrants were negatively selected from their native population. The average score of Turkish immigrant pupils is substantially lower than the science score of comparable native pupils in Turkey. However, the result also show that the negative selectivity of Turkish immigrants can not by explained by the ‘guest-workers’ programs, because the largest negative science scores relative to the scores of the native pupils in the country of origin are found among the Italian first and second generation pupils, the Austrian first generation pupils, the French first generation immigrant pupils, and the German second generation pupils. A possible explanation is that all immigrants in Europe have more difficulties in establishing themselves and their children in comparison with immigrants in the traditional immigration countries, like the USA.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22213/1/MPRA_paper_22213.pdf
Dronkers, Jaap and Heus, Manon de (2009): Negative selectivity of Europe’s guest-worker immigration? Forthcoming in: From Information to Knowledge; from Knowledge to Wisdom: Challenges and Changes facing Higher Education in the Digital Age, (2010)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22221
2019-10-11T16:29:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22221/
Human capital acquisition and international migration in a model of local interactions
Zakharenko, Roman
F22 - International Migration
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
I propose a model of learning centered on the idea that acquisition of skill is only possible through personal interaction with an individual already possessing such skill. In this environment, the fact that unskilled individuals learn from skilled individuals increases the income of the latter, which increases the willingness
of the unskilled to acquire skill. The steady-state income of skilled individuals (teachers) is thus very sensitive to the ability of unskilled individuals (students) to fund their education. Cross-country differences in such ability have a multiplicative effect on the skill premium, which becomes a cause of international migration of the skilled from less developed countries (i.e. those with poorer access to educational credit) to more developed countries. Additionally, I study the welfare implications of such
brain drain for a less developed country. Although brain drain reduces the number of skilled individuals in the country and thus makes acquisition of skill more difficult, unskilled individuals may still be better off: the increased difficulty of skill acquisition is offset by a higher skill premium once the skill has been acquired. Also, I find that increased openness of less developed
countries to migration and the resultant accelerated brain drain increase the incentives for national governments to improve access of unskilled individuals to education.
2007-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22221/3/MPRA_paper_22221.pdf
Zakharenko, Roman (2007): Human capital acquisition and international migration in a model of local interactions.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22286
2019-10-17T16:56:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22286/
Effects of residential mobility on the educational opportunity of children in a society with a centralised educational system.
Dronkers, Jaap
Vermeij, Annelies
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
I21 - Analysis of Education
Research in the United States indicates that moving adversely affects children’s school performance No studies have been conducted on this subject in continental Europe yet. Unlike in the United States, most continental European societies have a national school system, which should diminish the educational consequences of moving. The question of this article is therefor “Does changing schools adversely affect the subsequent performance of good students in the Netherlands?” Our data are from the VOCL ’89 cohort, a nationally representative longitudinal cohort of high school students. The results indicate that students in VWO (pre-university) programs are more likely to repeat the year than their counterparts who do not change schools. The discrepancy is greater still in the MAVO (lower general secondary education) programs. MAVO students are more likely to transfer to less competitive programs than their counterparts who do not change schools. They also repeat the year more often. Thus, we found for a continental European society also that changing schools for non-academic reasons adversely affects subsequent school performance.
2001
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22286/1/MPRA_paper_22286.pdf
Dronkers, Jaap and Vermeij, Annelies (2001): Effects of residential mobility on the educational opportunity of children in a society with a centralised educational system.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22507
2019-09-27T16:36:05Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22507/
A Theory of Migration as a Response to Occupational Stigma
Stark, Oded
Fan, Simon C.
F22 - International Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
A theory is developed of labor migration that is prompted by a desire to avoid "social humiliation." In a general equilibrium framework it is shown that as long as migration can reduce humiliation sufficiently, migration will occur even between two identical economies. Migration increases the number of individuals who choose to perform degrading jobs and consequently, migration lowers the price of the good produced in the sector that is associated with low social status. Moreover, the greater an individual's aversion to performing degrading jobs, the more likely it is that he will experience a welfare gain when the economy opens up.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22507/1/MPRA_paper_22507.pdf
Stark, Oded and Fan, Simon C. (2010): A Theory of Migration as a Response to Occupational Stigma. Forthcoming in: International Economic Review
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23132
2019-09-27T02:43:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4E:4E38:4E3835
7375626A656374733D4E:4E38:4E3837
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3133
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23132/
Drivers of change or cut-throat competitors? Challenging Cultures of Innovation of Chinese and Nigerian migrant entrepreneurs in West Africa
Kohnert, Dirk
F22 - International Migration
N85 - Asia including Middle East
N87 - Africa ; Oceania
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
M13 - New Firms ; Startups
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
The remarkable influx of Chinese migrant entrepreneurs in different West African countries in recent years has been met with growing resistance by established local entrepreneurs. Whether the former have a competitive edge over the latter because of distinctive socio-cultural traits, or whether the Chinese supposed effectiveness is just a characteristic feature of any trading Diaspora, is open to question. This exploratory study of Chinese and Nigerian entrepreneurial migrants in Ghana and Benin tries to answer this question. Apparently, the cultural motive powers of migrant drivers of change are not restricted to inherited value systems or religions like a protestant ethic or Confucianism, but they are permanently adapted and invented anew by transnational networks of migration in a globalized world. There is no evidence for a supposed superiority of Chinese versus African innovative cultures of entrepreneurial migrants. Rather there exists an enhanced innovative capacity of a trading Diaspora in general vis-à-vis local entrepreneurs, regardless of the background national culture in which it is embedded. In addition, the rivalry of Chinese and Nigerian migrant entrepreneurs in African markets does not necessarily lead to the often suspected cut-throat competition under the impact of globalization. Often both groups act rather complementary. This contributes under certain conditions even to poverty alleviation in the host country.
2010-06-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23132/1/MPRA_paper_23132.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (2010): Drivers of change or cut-throat competitors? Challenging Cultures of Innovation of Chinese and Nigerian migrant entrepreneurs in West Africa.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23584
2019-09-26T12:49:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23584/
The Immigration Policy Puzzle
Giordani, Paolo
Ruta, Michele
F22 - International Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
This paper revisits the puzzle of immigration policy: standard economic theory predicts that free immigration improves natives' welfare, but (with few historical exceptions) an open door policy is never implemented in practice. What rationalizes the puzzle? We first review the model of immigration policy where the policy maker maximizes national income of natives net of the tax burden of immigration (Borjas, 1995). We show that this model fails to provide realistic policy outcomes when the receiving region's technology is described by a standard Cobb-Douglas or CES function, as the optimal policy imposes a complete ban on immigration or implies an unrealistically large number of immigrants relative to natives. Then the paper describes three extensions of this basic model that reconcile the theory with the evidence. The first introduces a cost of integration of the immigrant community in the destination country; the second takes into account the policy maker's redistributive concern across different social groups; the last extension considers positive spillover effects of (skilled) migrants on the receiving economy.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23584/1/MPRA_paper_23584.pdf
Giordani, Paolo and Ruta, Michele (2009): The Immigration Policy Puzzle.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24106
2019-09-28T22:36:54Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24106/
International labor migration, asymmetric information and occupational choice
Kar, Saibal
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
J23 - Labor Demand
We study the effect of asymmetric information in the labor market of a country on the occupational choice pattern of immigrants vis-à-vis natives. The choice is limited to self-employment and paid employment. The study is motivated by empirical observations that regular and irregular immigrants in many countries are often over-represented in entrepreneurship/small business despite substantial initial disadvantages. There are also evidences that the immigrants catch up with the native income level within one and half decades of their presence in the foreign land. We try to identify the reasons and provide a formal explanation of how the initial disadvantage turns out to be a prospect in disguise. In particular, we show that a larger number of skilled workers from a mixed cohort of immigrants tend to take up riskier self-employment compared to skilled natives. This explains a higher average income with high temporal income variability for the immigrant group, with consequent implications for income convergence.
2009-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24106/1/MPRA_paper_24106.pdf
Kar, Saibal (2009): International labor migration, asymmetric information and occupational choice. Published in: Trade and Development Review , Vol. 2, No. 1 (April 2009): pp. 34-48.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24402
2019-09-27T10:01:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24402/
Some Observations on Net Fiscal Transfers to Recent Immigrants Resulting From Income Taxes and Government Transfer Programs
Grady, Patrick
H22 - Incidence
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
This paper utilizes the comprehensive data on income
taxes paid by immigrants and others and the government transfer payments received by immigrants and others provided by the 2006 Census from income tax statistics.
The Census data was recently made available to researchers in the 2006 Census PublicUse Microdata File (PUMF), which contains 844,476 records, presenting census data on
individuals representing 2.7 per cent of the Canadian population.
The analysis revealed that recent immigrants on average only paid about half as much income tax as native Canadians
($4,172.69 per capita compared to $8,130.82). It also showed that the most recent cohort of immigrants from 2000 to 2004 paid only 40 per cent as much income tax as native
Canadians.
In the Other Government Transfer Income category, which is a catch-all for “all transfer payments, excluding those covered as a separate income source (child benefits, old age
security pensions and guaranteed income supplements, Canada or Quebec Pension Plan benefits and employment insurance benefits) received from federal, provincial, territorial
or municipal programs,immigrants received per capita amounts in 2005 that are $13.05 less than nonimmigrants
so there is no prima facie evidence of disproportionate reliance on social assistance from the Census. The one area where recent immigrants got a disproportionate share of government transfers is child benefits. This reflects their larger number of dependent children, which could be a result of their lower average age or greater proclivity to have children. On the other hand, recent immigrants received a lower per capita amount of employment insurance benefits. This could reflect their tendency to locate in areas with stricter eligibility requirements for EI such as the TorontoMetropolitan Region in 2005. Taking into account Other Government Transfer Income,Child Benefits and Employment Insurance, recent immigrants received $346.15 more per capita from Government Transfers than non-immigrants. In total, this would amount to $534 million, an amount that is small in relation to the fiscal transfer resulting from lower per capita income taxes paid.
2010-04-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24402/1/MPRA_paper_24402.pdf
Grady, Patrick (2010): Some Observations on Net Fiscal Transfers to Recent Immigrants Resulting From Income Taxes and Government Transfer Programs.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24403
2019-09-28T16:38:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24403/
An Analysis of the Underlying Causes of the Poor Performance of Recent Immigrants Using the 2006 Census PUMF and Some Observations on Their Implications for Immigration Policy
Grady, Patrick
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J23 - Labor Demand
This paper examines the poor performance of recent immigrants to Canada in the labour market as revealed in the Statistics Canada Census 2006 Public Use Microdata File
(PUMF). It presents the data which shows that immigrants from less developed countries are doing much worse than immigrants from industrialized countries. Using regression
analysis it shows that key explanatory variable for their poor performance are the location of their education, their visible minority status, their language skills, and the level of GDP in their countries of origin. A profiling of immigrants who have done better than non-immigrant Canadians suggests that the performance of immigrants could be improved by utilizing information from the Census on the characteristics of immigrants who succeed in labour markets to improve the selection criteria and distribution of points
used in the current scoring system to chose immigrants.
2010-06-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24403/1/MPRA_paper_24403.pdf
Grady, Patrick (2010): An Analysis of the Underlying Causes of the Poor Performance of Recent Immigrants Using the 2006 Census PUMF and Some Observations on Their Implications for Immigration Policy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24620
2019-09-30T19:41:34Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3431
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24620/
New technology and labour Markets: Entrants, outsourcing and matching
Goyal, Ashima
J41 - Labor Contracts
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
The impact of new technology (ICT) on labour markets and welfare is analyzed in a model of matching. First, ICT lowers cost and speed of market access, thus reducing frictions in matching a searching worker to an opportunity. It raises output and lowers the cost of entry for a new firm. The rise in scale of aggregate employment raises productivity. Second, since the net effect of ICT raises the probability of a successful search by workers relative to a successful search by firms, workers share of the match surplus rises. Third, it induces more learning and innovation. Fourth, ICTs allows hitherto excluded segments to access new networks. This reduces the ability of members of an existing network to extract the entire surplus from a new entrant. Finally, it encourages cumulative improvements in technology and skills. More labour-using technological progress is induced. Multiple equilibria are possible, however, due to endogenous choice of training and technology. Therefore investment in training and technology may be at less than socially optimal levels. Policy implications follow.
2005-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24620/1/MPRA_paper_24620.pdf
Goyal, Ashima (2005): New technology and labour Markets: Entrants, outsourcing and matching. Published in: The Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 4, No. 48 (August 2005): pp. 853-868.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25148
2019-09-27T10:22:27Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25148/
The impact of immigration on Canada’s labour market
Grady, Patrick
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
This paper discusses the performance of recent immigrants in Canada's labour market and reviews some of the literature on the causes of their poor performance. The paper concludes that, using the existing selection system, it is not possible to admit annually as many as 250,000 immigrants who are capable of doing well in the Canadian labour market, despite 16 years of economic expansion, during which the unemployment rate dropped below 6%.
It also speculates that The situation can only worsen as unemployment climbs, as the economy slackens.
2009-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25148/1/MPRA_paper_25148.pdf
Grady, Patrick (2009): The impact of immigration on Canada’s labour market. Published in: Fraser Forum No. December 2009 (December 2009): pp. 28-32.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25221
2019-09-27T15:51:22Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25221/
Is Canadian Immigration too high? A Labour Market and Productivity Perspective
Grady, Patrick
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
This paper presents some of the economic considerations that should underlie Canadian immigration policy from the point of view of an economist. It then reviews the available data on the performance of recent immigrants against this backdrop. It also offers some observations on the changes in the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act contained in Bill C-50, the Budget Implementation Act, 2008. Finally, it concludes with some suggestions for the conduct of an immigration policy that would be based more on Canada’s economic interests and that would establish a lower annual target for immigration more consistent with Canada’s absorptive capacity.
2008-10-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25221/1/MPRA_paper_25221.pdf
Grady, Patrick (2008): Is Canadian Immigration too high? A Labour Market and Productivity Perspective. Published in: The Effects of Mass Immigration on Canadian Living Standards and Society, ed. Herbert Grubel, Fraser Institute : pp. 97-117.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25485
2019-09-27T00:43:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3435
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3531
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25485/
On-the-job search in Italian labour markets: an empirical analysis
Ponzo, Michela
J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
M51 - Firm Employment Decisions ; Promotions
This paper analyses the determinants of on-the-job search activities of Italian workers. Using several waves of the Bank of Italy Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW)
we estimate with a Probit model how individual socio demographic characteristics and economic variables affect the probability of on-the-job search. We find that the probability of being engaged in job-search activities is higher for low-wage earners, for workers with low tenure and higher levels of education, for males and for residents in large cities. Moreover, we find significant differences in the determinants of on-the-job search activities across sectors. Public sector employees show a considerable lower probability of on-thejob search compared to private sector workers; White-collars and teachers search much less than blue-collars (both in private and public sectors). Results suggest that the attractiveness of jobs varies considerably, even controlling for wage levels and that
notwithstanding the high degree of centralization Italian markets are reactive to job-search determinants.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25485/1/MPRA_paper_25485.pdf
Ponzo, Michela (2010): On-the-job search in Italian labour markets: an empirical analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25598
2019-09-27T12:09:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25598/
Positive but also negative effects of ethnic diversity in schools on educational performance? An empirical test using cross-national PISA data.
Dronkers, Jaap
I21 - Analysis of Education
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
In this inaugural lecture, I will estimate the effects on language skills of two characteristics of school populations: average/share and diversity, both on the ethnic and the sociocultural dimension. I will use the cross-national PISA 206 data, for both 15-year-old native pupils and pupils with an immigrant background. A larger ethnic diversity of schools in secondary education hampers the educational performance of both pupils with an immigrant background and native pupils, but the negative effects are smaller in education systems with little stratification and strongest in highly stratified education systems. The sociocultural diversity of schools does not have an effect on educational performance, but these effects are positive in highly stratified educational systems and negative in hardly stratified systems. However, the average parental educational level of schools is very important for the educational performance of children, and this hardly differs between education systems. A higher share of pupils with an immigrant background in a school hampers educational performance, but if these pupils have the same regional origin (Islamic countries; non-Islamic Asian countries), a higher share of pupils with an immigrant background at that school promotes educational performance. Pupils originating from Islamic countries have substantially lower language scores than equivalent pupils with an immigrant background from other regions. This cannot be explained by the individual socioeconomic backgrounds, school characteristics, or education systems.
2010-06-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25598/1/MPRA_paper_25598.pdf
Dronkers, Jaap (2010): Positive but also negative effects of ethnic diversity in schools on educational performance? An empirical test using cross-national PISA data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25840
2019-10-10T18:40:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25840/
Job and residential mobility in the Netherlands: the influence of human capital, household composition and location
Kronenberg, Kristin
Carree, Martin
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
This study identifies and evaluates determinants of employees’ job and residential mobility. It examines mobility of fulltime employees in selected sectors in 2003/2004, using register data provided by Statistics Netherlands. We estimate a multinomial model of job and residential change. The results illustrate that individuals decide upon changing jobs and/or relocating by taking into account the strength of their family- and job-related ties. We also find that the prevalence of internal versus external career opportunities impedes job changes. While a high salary facilitates relocation, our findings regarding the effect of salary on interfirm mobility were inconclusive. A long commuting distance encourages (simultaneous) job and housing mobility, while being situated in the municipality of a large city encourages employees to either change jobs, or to relocate.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25840/1/MPRA_paper_25840.pdf
Kronenberg, Kristin and Carree, Martin (2010): Job and residential mobility in the Netherlands: the influence of human capital, household composition and location.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25844
2019-09-27T13:33:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3633
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25844/
The effects of workforce composition, labor turnover, and the qualities of entering and exiting workers on productivity growth
Kronenberg, Kristin
Carree, Martin
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
J63 - Turnover ; Vacancies ; Layoffs
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
This study identifies and analyzes the effects of firms’ workforce composition, labor turnover, and the qualities of entering and exiting employees on consequent changes in their productivity. Using register data provided by Statistics Netherlands, we examine the productivity dynamics of Dutch manufacturing firms between the years 2002 and 2005. The regression results illustrate that changes in firm productivity are not only determined by the composition of the firm’s current workforce and the degree of labor turnover, but also by the characteristics of the workers who enter and exit the firm. Firms benefit from the inflow of employees previously employed with other firms in the same industry, and with highly productive firms, whereas the inflow of workers from non-employment has a negative effect on their new employers’ productivity growth. Furthermore, the outflow of workers into non-employment, and to highly productive firms positively affects their old employers’ productivity growth, while the exit of workers who leave for firms in the same industry, and of those who simultaneously relocate (across long distances) has a negative effect.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25844/1/MPRA_paper_25844.pdf
Kronenberg, Kristin and Carree, Martin (2010): The effects of workforce composition, labor turnover, and the qualities of entering and exiting workers on productivity growth.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26245
2019-09-26T12:51:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26245/
The determinants of the recent interregional migration flows in Italy: A panel data analysis
Etzo, Ivan
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
The present study investigates the determinants of interregional migration flows in Italy in the light of the upsurge occurred in 1996, after two decades of decreasing internal migration rates. We apply the fixed effect vector decomposition estimator (FEVD) on a gravity model using bilateral migration flows for the period 1996-2005 and show that it improves the estimates with respect to the traditional panel data estimators. We find that omitting distance and in presence of rarely time invariant covariates (e.g., population and income) the standard panel data models significantly bias the estimates. The overall economic level and the probability to find a job (proxied by per capita GDP and unemployment rate) appear to be the key variables whose changes are able to push flows of migrants away from their regions and to direct them to “better off” destinations. We find that migrants leaving the regions in the Centre-North respond differently to the push and pull forces with respect to southern migrants. We then estimate a dynamic model and find evidence for the presence of social networks which in our model take place between each pair of regions.
2010-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26245/1/MPRA_paper_26245.pdf
Etzo, Ivan (2010): The determinants of the recent interregional migration flows in Italy: A panel data analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26707
2019-09-29T02:04:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26707/
Internal Migration and Wage Differentials among Italian University Graduates
Di Cintio, Marco
Grassi, Emanuele
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
In this paper, we estimate wage differentials among Italian university Graduates three years after graduation due to sequential geographic mobility. By means of a matching procedure we quantify wage premia associated with the choice of studying far from home, moving after graduation and moving back home after graduation. We find evidence of large gains for those who move after graduation, little benefits for those who choose to go back home after having studied in regions different from that of origin. We also assess a “transitivity” result for the estimated treatment effects.
2010-11-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26707/1/MPRA_paper_26707.pdf
Di Cintio, Marco and Grassi, Emanuele (2010): Internal Migration and Wage Differentials among Italian University Graduates.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27246
2019-09-27T05:23:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27246/
Internal Migration and Wage Differentials among Italian University Graduates
Di Cintio, Marco
Grassi, Emanuele
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
In this paper, we estimate wage gains due to sequential geographic mobility of Italian University Graduates three years after graduation. By means of a matching procedure we quantify wage premia associated with the choice of studying far from home, moving after graduation and moving back home after graduation. We find evidence of large heterogene- ity in the returns to different migration patterns. We estimate large gains for those who move after graduation and little benefits for those who choose to go back home after hav- ing studied in regions different from that of origin. Finally, we also discuss a “transitivity” result for the estimated treatment effects.
2010-12-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27246/1/MPRA_paper_27246.pdf
Di Cintio, Marco and Grassi, Emanuele (2010): Internal Migration and Wage Differentials among Italian University Graduates.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27629
2019-10-02T04:31:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27629/
The effect of education on migration: Evidence from school reform
Böckerman, Petri
Haapanen, Mika
I20 - General
J10 - General
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
A polytechnic, higher education reform took place in Finland in the 1990s. It gradually transformed former vocational colleges into polytechnics and expanded higher education to all Finnish regions. We implement instrumental variables estimators that exploit the exogenous variation in the regional availability of polytechnic education together with matriculation exam scores. Our IV results show that polytechnic graduates have a higher migration probability than those of vocational college graduates. However, a master’s degree did not increase migration propensity in comparison with a polytechnic degree. We also find that an increase in the availability of polytechnic education did not reduce migration.
2010-12-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27629/1/MPRA_paper_27629.pdf
Böckerman, Petri and Haapanen, Mika (2010): The effect of education on migration: Evidence from school reform.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27881
2019-09-26T17:23:08Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483737
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D45:4535:453530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27881/
The Economic Consequences of Quebec Sovereignty
Grady, Patrick
H77 - Intergovernmental Relations ; Federalism ; Secession
E62 - Fiscal Policy
F15 - Economic Integration
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
E50 - General
This paper reviews the issues that would arise if Quebec were to separate from Canada. It also presents quantitative estimates of the likely orders of magnitude of their economic impact both on Quebec and the Rest of Canada.
Its overall conclusion is that Quebec would be much harder hit than the rest of Canada if Quebec separates. Real output in Quebec could easily be depressed in the short run by as much as 10 percent and in the long run by 5 percent. In the short run, the output loss would be triggered by a crisis of confidence resulting from separation. In the long run, output loss would be caused by the required transfer of resources to the foreign sector (necessitated by the elimination of the existing fiscal gain in transactions with the federal government), by the emigration of anglophones, and by higher public debt charges resulting from the increased debt burden. The transfer would be made more difficult by the need to ad just in the soft and dairy sectors and by the probable loss of Churchill Falls's power, but it could be facilitated by increased taxes.
For the rest of Canada, the economic costs, which can be quantified, would be substantially lower than for Quebec. And for Canada there also would be some offsetting economic gains. The net short-run costs would only be about one to two percent of GDP and would result mainly from the short-run loss of confidence caused by the separation of Quebec. The long-run quantifiable costs would be small – probably less than the quantifiable benefits.
1991-08-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27881/1/MPRA_paper_27881.pdf
Grady, Patrick (1991): The Economic Consequences of Quebec Sovereignty. Published in: Economic Consequences of Quebec Sovereignty (24 September 1991): pp. 143-162.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27935
2019-09-30T09:48:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27935/
Does age-at-migration in childhood affect migrant socioeconomic achievements in adulthood?
Yaqub, Shahin
F22 - International Migration
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
Migrant populations consist of individuals who migrated at different stages in the development of their human capabilities. Age-at-migration refers to the age at which an individual migrates. This paper reviews some theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on whether a child’s age-at-migration alters the impact of migration on income, employment and other socioeconomic indicators in the adult phase of the child’s life. Most research looks at the contemporaneous impact of migration on children, whereas this paper considers the longitudinal impact of childhood migration on well-being throughout life. Age-at-migration might affect human capital and economic productivity, integration at destinations, and attachments to origins.
Studies show that children migrating at older ages ultimately achieve less total education (origin education plus destination education), weaker destination-language acquisition and lower earnings than those arriving as younger children; but they have higher adult earnings compared to those arriving as adults. There appears to be little difference between those arriving before age 5 years and those born at destination, which is surprising given considerable literature on the human development significance of early child ages (although this could be due to the limited availability of relevant empirical literature). Variations in the effects of age-at-migration are noted across migrant populations in different destination societies, which underline the possibility of public policy to influence such human development mechanisms.
2010-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27935/1/MPRA_paper_27935.pdf
Yaqub, Shahin (2010): Does age-at-migration in childhood affect migrant socioeconomic achievements in adulthood?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27941
2019-09-26T08:56:12Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D52:5231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27941/
Labour market performance of immigrants in smaller regions of western countries: some evidence from Atlantic Canada
Akbari, Ather H.
R1 - General Regional Economics
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J18 - Public Policy
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
Despite recent interest in regionalization of immigration in host nations, most studies have analyzed immigrants’ economic performance by largely focusing on their overall national performance. A regional analysis is necessary because changing geographic distribution of immigrants can affect their economic performance positively or negatively. Present paper focuses on Atlantic Canada whose share in annual Canadian immigrant inflows has been traditionally low, but where recent policy initiatives have resulted in greater attraction and retention of immigrants. Immigrants are found performing better than non-immigrants in regional labour market. The importance of regional analysis of immigrants’ economic performance and contribution in host nations is highlighted.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27941/1/MPRA_paper_27941.pdf
Akbari, Ather H. (2010): Labour market performance of immigrants in smaller regions of western countries: some evidence from Atlantic Canada. Forthcoming in: Journal of International Migration and Integration
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28503
2019-09-27T03:53:40Z
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28503/
How are the Children of Visible Minority Immigrants Doing in the Canadian Labour Market?
Grady, Patrick
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J23 - Labor Demand
This paper examines the performance of the children of immigrants (2nd generation immigrants) to Canada using data from the 2006 Census. As the composition of immigration inflows has shifted after 1980 from the traditional European source countries to the Third World, the analysis focuses on the labour market performance of 2nd generation visible minority immigrants of whom there were 398 thousand aged15 and over who reported employment income in the Census.
An encouraging fact revealed by the data is that 2nd generation visible minority immigrants are becoming more highly educated than 2nd generation non-visible minority
immigrants and than non-immigrants – 46.2 per cent of 2nd generation visible minority between 25 and 44 earning employment had earned university certificates or degrees
compared to 31 per cent of non-visible minority 2nd generation immigrants and 24 per cent of non-immigrants in the same age groups.
But, while 2nd generation visible minority immigrants obtained more education than 2nd generation non-visible minority immigrants and non-immigrants, their performance as a group did not measure up in the labour market. In the 25 to 44 age group, accounting for the largest number of 2nd generation visible minority immigrants, they only earned on average $39,814, whereas 2nd generation non-visible minority immigrants earned $45,352 and non-immigrants 40,358.
The labour market performance varies significantly among different visible minority groups. 2nd generation Chinese immigrants in the 25 to 44 age group actually earned
$48,098, which was actually more than 2nd generation non-visible minority immigrants and non-immigrants. Because of the large number of Chinese included as 2nd generation
immigrants, this buoyed up the overall average and masked the unfortunate fact that many other visible minority groups are doing much worse than average overall and
falling short of non-immigrants.
A troubling aspect of the performance of 2nd generation immigrants, except for Chinese and Japanese, is the extent to which they earn substantially less than non-immigrants and especially non-visible minority immigrants for any given level of education.
The paper thus provides no grounds for complacency that the children of the recent, particularly non-Asian visible minority, immigrants who are performing so poorly in
Canada’s labour market will catch up with non-immigrant groups, particularly given that their parents are currently performing much worse than earlier visible minority
immigrants in the labour market. And it is unlikely that 2nd generation visible minority immigrants as a group will earn enough to make up for the current earnings shortfall
experienced by their parents in recent cohorts of underperforming immigrants.
Furthermore, the lower earnings of many visible minority groups for any given level of education are likely to continue be used as justification for more affirmative action programs. This will adversely affect the non-visible minority and non-immigrant population, and could become a source of increasing social tension.
2011-01-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28503/1/MPRA_paper_28503.pdf
Grady, Patrick (2011): How are the Children of Visible Minority Immigrants Doing in the Canadian Labour Market?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28787
2019-09-30T10:17:36Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28787/
Should We Track Migrant Households When Collecting Household Panel Data?:Household Relocation, Economic Mobility and Attrition Biases in the Rural Philippines
Fuwa, Nobuhiko
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
Based on household panel data that tracked migrant households (with an additional survey cost of 17 percent), this article describes behavior of household relocation and quantifies the extent of attrition biases in estimating the determinants of percapita household consumption and of its growth rate. Many households relocate for non-economic reasons, and to rural destinations, while the small number of urban migrants improved their wellbeing faster than did others. Such heterogeneity among migrants may be a reason behind the negligible attrition biases caused by the omission of migrants, in the inference on the average behavioral coefficients among the original population.
2010-09-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28787/1/MPRA_paper_28787.pdf
Fuwa, Nobuhiko (2010): Should We Track Migrant Households When Collecting Household Panel Data?:Household Relocation, Economic Mobility and Attrition Biases in the Rural Philippines. Forthcoming in: American Journal of Agricultural Economics (2011)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28902
2019-09-27T02:10:07Z
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7375626A656374733D46:4632:463230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3431
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28902/
Casting the naturalization of asylum seekers as an economic problem
Stark, Oded
F20 - General
J41 - Labor Contracts
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
The asylum seekers who choose the level of investment in the host-country-specific human capital, and the government of the host country that chooses the probability of naturalization are modeled as optimizing economic agents in a setting not of their choosing.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28902/1/MPRA_paper_28902.pdf
Stark, Oded (2010): Casting the naturalization of asylum seekers as an economic problem. Published in: Economics Letters , Vol. 108, No. 3 (2010): pp. 286-290.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29176
2019-09-30T19:09:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29176/
Effective Cost of Brain Drain
Bouoiyour, Jamal
Jellal, Mohamed
Wollf, François-Charles
F22 - International Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
In developing countries, remittances and intra-family private transfers sent by household members who migrate to more developed countries constitute a fundamental source of income and capital accumulation. Then, it is important to understand the motives of migrants who decide to remit back to their families. Drawing on the theory of labor migration under asymmetric information, we show that low-skilled workers are expected to provide higher amounts of remittances when remittances are motivated by self-interest. This transfer paradox is explained as follows. Since low skilled workers are likely to return home when informational symmetry is restored, the optimal remittance level is a decreasing function of the migrant's skill level since remittances may be seen as an implicit insurance, whose benefits are received only under migration return.
2003-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29176/1/MPRA_paper_29176.pdf
Bouoiyour, Jamal and Jellal, Mohamed and Wollf, François-Charles (2003): Effective Cost of Brain Drain. Published in: Brazilian Journal of Business Economics , Vol. Vol 3,, No. n° 1
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29313
2019-10-06T04:43:00Z
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7375626A656374733D46:4631:463136
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453232
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29313/
Latvijas iestāšanās Eiropas Savienībā ekonomiskā efekta novērtēšana
Skribans, Valerijs
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
E22 - Investment ; Capital ; Intangible Capital ; Capacity
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
F15 - Economic Integration
F00 - General
F40 - General
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E17 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
O16 - Financial Markets ; Saving and Capital Investment ; Corporate Finance and Governance
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
F22 - International Migration
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
E51 - Money Supply ; Credit ; Money Multipliers
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
F47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
F20 - General
C50 - General
F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
E23 - Production
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
E00 - General
F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
E37 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E20 - General
For Latvia with incoming into the European Union big opportunities in the international markets have opened. Paper purpose is to investigate influence of international integration processes on development of economy of Latvia. In paper various indicators of a national economy before and after incoming into EU are compared.
In paper it is defined that joining to EU has increased for Latvia net grants from EU budget. But grants still do not promote development of economy of Latvia, but more stimulate development of internal demand.
For demand gain satisfaction, in the conditions of poorly developed internal producing, from abroad the various goods are imported into Latvia, negative difference of export and import is increase.
Also inflow of the capital to Latvia after incoming into EU is not used for positive changes in internal economy, and directed to the branches related with finance movings. Actually the industries have not felt essential inflow of the capital. After incoming into EU Latvia has started to export labour force. As a result of migration of labour in Latvia the rate of unemployment has decreased, the wages are grown, expenses on a labour that has grown, that reduced an export potential of internal products.
EU grants, capital inflow, gain of wages has caused an inflation gain in Latvia. Considering that together with inflation purchasing capacity of inhabitants has grown, it is possible to draw a conclusion that the population well-being has grown.
These processes mainly have short-term character. Migration will decrease, considering a gain of wages or because of reduction of labour resources; inflow of the speculative capital will stop because of insufficiency of reliable pledges. It is possible to assert that they will stop, when the standard of living in EU and Latvia will be approximately identical, i.e. in the end of cohesion process in EU.
Most stabile is relation of grants and import. Grants are provided to reduce dependence of the state on import but on the contrary, grants increase import volume. Latvia still cannot find the specialisation in EU and in the global markets. Therefore it became dependent on grants of EU and on international help. Definition of specialisation and an effective using of grants could change situation and promote economy development in Latvia.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29313/1/MPRA_paper_29313.pdf
Skribans, Valerijs (2010): Latvijas iestāšanās Eiropas Savienībā ekonomiskā efekta novērtēšana. Published in: RTU zinātniskie raksti , Vol. 20, No. 3: Ekonomika un uzņēmējdarbiba (2010): pp. 108-116.
lv
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29465
2019-09-29T06:48:39Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29465/
The Long Term Impacts of Migration in British Cities: Diversity, Wages, Employment and Prices
Nathan, Max
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
British cities are becoming more culturally diverse, with migration a main driver. Is this growing diversity good for urban economies? This paper explores, using a new 16-year panel of UK cities. Over time, net migration affects both local labour markets and the wider economy. Average labour market impacts appear neutral. Dynamic effects may be positive on UK-born workers’ productivity and wages (via production complementarities for higher skill workers) or negative on employment (if migrants progressively displace lower-skill natives from specific sectors). The results, which survive causality checks, suggest both processes are operating in British cities. Long-term industrial decline and casualisation of entry-level jobs help explain the employment findings.
2011-02-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29465/1/MPRA_paper_29465.pdf
Nathan, Max (2011): The Long Term Impacts of Migration in British Cities: Diversity, Wages, Employment and Prices.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29478
2019-09-27T11:18:44Z
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3130
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7375626A656374733D52:5232:523230
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443130
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29478/
How has internal migration in Albania affected the receipt of transfers from family and friends?
Tomini, Florian
Hagen-Zanker, Jessica
J10 - General
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
R20 - General
D10 - General
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
Social networks of family and friends are very important in providing economic and social support to households. The massive internal migration flows towards the big cities in the transition countries like Albania can seriously affect such networks, and influence the support received. Previous migration studies have analysed mostly the transfers between the migrant and the family left behind. This study analyses households that migrate together to the peripheries of Tirana (Albania) after the fall of the communist regime. The frequencies of transfers received before and after migration are used to test the change in the composition of transfers and the substitution of family members by friends after migrating. The empirical analysis shows that households receive fewer transfers after migration, but financial transfers increase. Friends become increasingly more important after migration, substituting for transfers from siblings and more distant family relatives.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29478/1/MPRA_paper_29478.pdf
Tomini, Florian and Hagen-Zanker, Jessica (2010): How has internal migration in Albania affected the receipt of transfers from family and friends?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29670
2019-09-26T09:53:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29670/
Overeducation and spatial flexibility in Italian local labour markets
Croce, Giuseppe
Ghignoni, Emanuela
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
According to a recent strand of literature this paper highlights the relevance of spatial mobility as an explanatory factor of the individual risk of being overeducated. To investigate the causal link between spatial mobility and overeducation we use individual information about daily home-to-work commuting time and choices to relocate in a different local area to get a job. In our model we also take into account relevant local labour markets features. We use a probit bivariate model to control for selective access to employment, and test the possibility of endogeneity of the decision to migrate. Separate estimations are run for upper-secondary and tertiary graduates.
The results sustain the appropriateness of the estimation technique and show a significantly negative impact of the daily commuting time for the former group, as well as, negative impact of the decision to migrate and of the migration distance for the latter one.
2011-03-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29670/1/MPRA_paper_29670.pdf
Croce, Giuseppe and Ghignoni, Emanuela (2011): Overeducation and spatial flexibility in Italian local labour markets.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30015
2019-09-27T16:15:54Z
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7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30015/
University quality, interregional brain drain and spatial inequality. The case of Italy.
Ciriaci, Daria
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
Universities are increasingly recognized as key driver of economic development through their role in knowledge production and human capital accumulation, and as attraction poles for talents. That is why this paper analyses the sequential migration behaviour of Italian students-graduates before their enrolment at university, and after graduation, and the role that university quality has in these choices. From a regional development perspective, a better understanding of the causes of Italian interregional brain drain may help to guide policy intervention aimed at reversing or partially compensating for its negative effects on the source regions. The results confirm ‘university quality’ as a «supply» tool for policy makers to counterbalance the negative effects of the brain drain on human capital accumulation.
2009-12-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30015/1/MPRA_paper_30015.pdf
Ciriaci, Daria (2009): University quality, interregional brain drain and spatial inequality. The case of Italy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30672
2019-09-26T08:45:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30672/
Virtual Erasmus - A new chance not only for Europe
Abramuszkinova Pavlikova, Eva
F22 - International Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
I21 - Analysis of Education
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
Virtual Mobility among two or more educational institutions offers students a virtual trip abroad. There is an opportunity to acquire a number of ECTS-points at one of the foreign partner institutions or through a joint activity which are counted to the student’s degree at his/her home university.
This paper is based on the research conducted among ERASMUS coordinators within the EU. The research was part of the MoreVM project which aims at facilitating the virtual mobility, encouraging participation and enhancing efficiency of virtual mobility in higher education. The central focus was on the position of the virtual mobility coordinator, if such exists. There will be an overview of the main research findings reflecting the present situation in managing the virtual mobility.
We hope that sharing good experience including the MoreVM project results will increase the development of the virtual mobility which will get similar attention and success as Erasmus physical mobility. Virtual mobility could be a valuable example also for countries outside of European Union.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30672/1/MPRA_paper_30672.pdf
Abramuszkinova Pavlikova, Eva (2010): Virtual Erasmus - A new chance not only for Europe.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30939
2019-09-28T18:01:35Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30939/
The new economics of the brain drain
Stark, Oded
F22 - International Migration
I30 - General
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
For nearly four decades now, the conventional wisdom has been that the migration of human capital (skilled workers) from a developing country to a developed country is detrimental to the developing country. However, this perception need not hold. A well designed migration policy can result in a “brain gain” to the developing country rather than in just a “brain drain” from it, as well as in a welfare increase for all of its workers - migrants and non-migrants alike - as new research suggests.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30939/1/MPRA_paper_30939.pdf
Stark, Oded (2005): The new economics of the brain drain. Published in: World Economics , Vol. 6, No. 2 (2005): pp. 137-140.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30940
2019-09-28T16:42:57Z
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7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30940/
A social proximity explanation of the reluctance to assimilate
Fan, C. Simon
Stark, Oded
F22 - International Migration
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
Z10 - General
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
Quite often, migrants appear to exert little effort to absorb the mainstream culture and to learn the language of their host society, even though the economic returns (increased productivity and enhanced earnings) to assimilation are high. We show that when interpersonal comparisons affect individuals’ wellbeing and when a more intensive assimilation results in migrants’ comparing themselves more with the richer natives and less with fellow migrants, then the effort extended to assimilate will be muted.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30940/1/MPRA_paper_30940.pdf
Fan, C. Simon and Stark, Oded (2007): A social proximity explanation of the reluctance to assimilate. Published in: Kyklos , Vol. 60, No. 1 (2007): pp. 55-63.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31109
2019-09-26T18:34:50Z
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7375626A656374733D48:4832:483232
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31109/
Immigration and the Canadian Welfare State 2011
Grubel, Herbert
Grady, Patrick
H22 - Incidence
H40 - General
J65 - Unemployment Insurance ; Severance Pay ; Plant Closings
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
This publication provides an estimate of the fiscal burden created by recent immigration into Canada and proposes reforms to existing immigrant selection policies to eliminate the burden. It uses a 2006 Census database to estimate the average incomes and taxes paid on these by immigrants who arrived in Canada over the period from 1987 to 2004. It also estimates other taxes they paid and the value of government services they absorbed.
The study concludes that in the fiscal year 2005/06 the immigrants on average received an excess of $6,051 in benefits over taxes paid. Depending on assumptions about the number of recent immigrants in Canada, the fiscal
burden in that year is estimated to be between $23.6 billion and $16.3 billion. These estimates are not changed by the consideration of other alleged benefits
brought by immigrants.
To curtail this growing fiscal burden from immigration, the study proposes that temporary work visas be granted to applicants who have a valid offer for employment from employers, in occupations and at pay levels specified by
the federal government and determined in cooperation with private-sector employers. Immediate dependents may accompany successful applicants. The temporary visas are renewable and lead to landed immigrant status if certain specified employment criteria are met.
2011-05-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31109/1/MPRA_paper_31109.pdf
Grubel, Herbert and Grady, Patrick (2011): Immigration and the Canadian Welfare State 2011. Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31289
2019-10-11T04:37:35Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31289/
An analysis of the poor performance of recent immigrants and observations on immigration policy
Grady, Patrick
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J23 - Labor Demand
This paper examines the poor performance of recent immigrants to Canada in the labour market as revealed in the Statistics Canada Census 2006 Public Use Microdata File (PUMF). It presents the data which shows that immigrants from less developed countries are doing much worse than immigrants from industrialized countries. And unlike previous studies, it focuses on why immigrants from particular countries and regions do worse than others, rather on a comparison with non-immigrants. Using regression analysis it shows that key explanatory variable for the poor performance of recent immigrants are their education, their visible minority status, their language skills, their occupations, and their countries of origin. A profiling of immigrants who have done better than non-immigrant Canadians suggests that the performance of immigrants could be improved by utilizing information from the Census on the characteristics of immigrants who succeed in labour markets to improve the selection criteria and distribution of points used in the current scoring system to choose immigrants, but this would leave untouched the problem of the underperformance of immigrants who are not selected under the point system. This paper reaffirms and updates to 2005 our knowledge that the earnings in immigrants varies significantly by country of origin and that language and the portability of education credentials is a contributing factor. It concludes with some observations on the implications of its analysis for immigration policy.
2011-06-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31289/1/MPRA_paper_31289.pdf
Grady, Patrick (2011): An analysis of the poor performance of recent immigrants and observations on immigration policy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31600
2019-10-03T18:27:06Z
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31600/
Regional social mobility as a factor affecting small and medium-sized enterprises’ development
Wach, Krzysztof
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
Regional circumstances play a crucial role in socio-economic situation of labour market. Its competitiveness depends not only on measurable factors, but also on soft factors. Nowadays more and more researchers and scientists pay their attention to the importance of social capital. Fragmentariness of scientific knowledge based on empirical investigation con-ducted in Polish reality, makes the author to prepare own empirical research in this field. The aim of the paper is to present the result of the research conducted in Southern Poland in late-2004. The region was defined as the area of two provinces Małopolska and Śląsk, but the choice was not stochastic. These provinces makes one region according to NUTS-1 nomen-clature. The research was conducted on a random sample of 109 small and medium-sized en-terprises localized in Southern Poland. Descriptive statistics (arithmetic average, median, mo-dal, quartile) as well as verifying tools (chi-square statistics, U Mann Whitney test) were used in order to verify the hypotheses.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31600/1/MPRA_paper_31600.pdf
Wach, Krzysztof (2007): Regional social mobility as a factor affecting small and medium-sized enterprises’ development. Published in: „Economics & Competition Policy” No 8. (Competitiveness of Labour Market, red. D. Kopycińska, Microeconomics Department of University of Szczecin, Szczecin 2007. , Vol. ISBN 9, No. 8 (2007): pp. 87-94.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31722
2019-09-27T19:12:14Z
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7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443435
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31722/
The future of the fence around the European labour market
Kox, Henk L.M.
F22 - International Migration
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
D45 - Rationing ; Licensing
In international forums the EU calls for freedom of movement for goods, services and capital. Freedom of movement of labour - labour migration in other words - is excluded from this claim, certainly in relation to medium- and low-skilled labour. This paper addresses two questions. Firstly, what are the effects of EU's restrictive labour migration policy on welfare within and outside the EU? Both welfare effects are found to be considerable. Secondly, is this policy sustainable over the longer term, say towards 2030? The paper evaluates foreseeable pressures on the fence around the EU labour market, coming from within and from outside the EU. The paper sketches policy options for dealing with the dilemmas that may arise from these pressures.
2011-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31722/1/MPRA_paper_31722.pdf
Kox, Henk L.M. (2011): The future of the fence around the European labour market.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31776
2019-09-27T10:59:56Z
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463234
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31776/
MODELAREA DECIZIEI DE REMITERE A EMIGRANŢILOR EST EUROPENI
Roman, Monica
Ileanu, Bogdan
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
F24 - Remittances
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
The purpose of the paper is to analyze the migrants’ propensity to sending money to the origin country. The study is based on data coming from the National Immigrant Survey of Spain. We employ a binary logistic regression model in order to identify the impact of socio-demographical factors on the probability of sending money abroad from Spain, focusing on a large group of respondents, which are Eastern Europe migrants.
2010-07-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31776/1/MPRA_paper_31776.pdf
Roman, Monica and Ileanu, Bogdan (2010): MODELAREA DECIZIEI DE REMITERE A EMIGRANŢILOR EST EUROPENI. Published in: Studii si Cercetari de Calcul Economic si Cibernetica Economica , Vol. 44, No. 3-4 (1 December 2010): pp. 87-97.
ro
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31779
2019-09-26T15:24:21Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433130
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31779/
Does religion matter? Exploring economic performance differences among Romanian emigrants
Roman, Monica
Goschin, Zizi
C10 - General
Z12 - Religion
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
Although migration and religion have traditionally developed as two separate research topics, in the current context of globalization and trans-nationalism attention begins to focus on the way they interconnect. Religion received little attention in Romanian studies on migration undertaken so far. Using the results of our survey among Romanian international migrants of different religious faiths, this paper aims to raise interest in migration-religion relationship and, at the same time, to improve the understanding of the economic performance factors in a migration context by focusing on the distinctive characteristics of Romanian religious minorities. We address both the theoretical and the empirical dimension of this topic, making use of various statistical methods. Our main findings are consistent with the assumption that religious belief is reflecting upon the behavior and economic performance of Romanian migrants.
2011-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31779/1/MPRA_paper_31779.pdf
Roman, Monica and Goschin, Zizi (2011): Does religion matter? Exploring economic performance differences among Romanian emigrants. Forthcoming in: Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies , Vol. 10, No. 29 (2011)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32303
2019-09-26T12:44:20Z
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A36
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3433
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32303/
Employment, migration and livelihoods in the Hill Economy of Uttaranchal
Mamgain, Rajendra P.
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
M5 - Personnel Economics
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
Based on primary survey data, the study begins with a brief overview of the theoretical and empirical evidence on employment and livelihoods for rural households in Chapter I. A macro picture of the economy of Uttaranchal is presented in Chapters II and III based on the secondary data. The former analyses the composition and trends in the growth of state domestic product, land use, cropping pattern and industrial development and the latter (Chapter III) examines the growth in population, labour force and workforce in detail along with educational development in the state. It has been argued that despite the scarcity of productive assets like land in the mountain region in Uttaranchal women’s participation in the workforce is very high—a common feature which they do so to support the livelihoods of their households. Returns from such higher work participation, however, are abysmally low as reflected in low productivity levels. Chapter IV delineates the socio-economic characteristics of the sample households with a focus on access to livelihood assets. It is seen that most of the households are poor in terms of livelihood assets. The issue of the availability of employment, its characteristics and determinants are discussed in Chapter V. It shows how different features of households shape the quality of their workforce and determine ultimate performance in the labour market and how the rural households struggle to maintain and improve their employment and income. The issues of multiple employments and occupational mobility also form the core of the Chapter. It is also argued that unlike the classical as well as neo-classical framework of labour use and employee-employer relations, many households sell out their labour as well as use the hired labour.
The themes, migration and remittances, are discussed in Chapter VI. It shows how out-migration is increasingly becoming an important channel for livelihood diversification among the rural households given the lack of remunerative employment opportunities within their villages and how it is augmenting households’ income. However, the propensity to migrate is determined by many factors, which are also analysed in the Chapter. Similarly, the Chapter analyses the determinants of propensity to remit. Chapter VII focuses on the issue of diversification in livelihoods, its determinants and the outcome of a livelihood strategy in terms of per capita income of household. The Chapter also discusses how switching over to more remunerative non-farm livelihoods leads to a reduction in the incidence of multiple employment. Chapter VIII argues that diversification of livelihoods based on traditional cereal-based agricultural into horticulture and vegetable production offers tremendous scope for enhancing employment and income of the households. Finally, the concluding Chapter apart from presenting summary of major conclusions delineates the policy implications for improving the livelihoods of rural households in Uttaranchal.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32303/1/MPRA_paper_32303.pdf
Mamgain, Rajendra P. (2004): Employment, migration and livelihoods in the Hill Economy of Uttaranchal.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32311
2019-09-27T10:43:40Z
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7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
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7375626A656374733D43:4332:433231
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32311/
Analysis of net migration between the Portuguese regions
Martinho, Vítor João Pereira Domingues
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
This work aims mainly to present a project of research about the identification of the determinants that affect the mobility of labor. The empirical part of the work will be performed for the NUTS II and NUTS III of Portugal, from 1996 to 2002 and for 1991 and 2001, respectively (given the availability of statistical data). As main conclusion it can be said, for the NUTS II (1996-2002), which is confirmed the existence of some labor mobility in Portugal and that regional mobility is mainly influenced positively by the output growth and negatively by the unemployment rates and by the weight of the agricultural sector. NUTS III level (1991 and 2001) is something similar, but with this level of spatial disaggregation (and in this period) the basic equipment (amenities), particularly in terms of availability of housing, are the main determinants of migration.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32311/1/MPRA_paper_32311.pdf
Martinho, Vítor João Pereira Domingues (2011): Analysis of net migration between the Portuguese regions.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32379
2019-10-04T11:51:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32379/
"Give me your Tired, your Poor," so I can Prosper: Immigration in Search Equilibrium
Chassamboulli, Andri
Palivos, Theodore
F22 - International Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
We analyze the impact of immigration on the host country within a search and matching model that allows for skill heterogeneity, endogenous skill acquisition, differential
search cost between immigrants and natives, capital-skill complementarity and different degree of substitutability between unskilled natives and immigrants. Within such a framework, we find that although immigration raises the overall welfare,it may have distributional effects. Specifically, skilled workers gain in terms of both employment and wages. Unskilled workers, on the other hand, gain in terms of employment but may lose in terms of wages. Nevertheless, in one version of the model, where unskilled workers and immigrants are imperfect substitutes, we find that even the unskilled wage may rise. These results accommodate conflicting empirical findings.
2010-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32379/1/MPRA_paper_32379.pdf
Chassamboulli, Andri and Palivos, Theodore (2010): "Give me your Tired, your Poor," so I can Prosper: Immigration in Search Equilibrium.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32522
2019-09-27T01:10:10Z
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7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
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7375626A656374733D45:4533:453337
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32522/
Latvia’s incoming in European Union economic effect estimation
Skribans, Valerijs
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
E22 - Investment ; Capital ; Intangible Capital ; Capacity
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
F15 - Economic Integration
F00 - General
F40 - General
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E17 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
O16 - Financial Markets ; Saving and Capital Investment ; Corporate Finance and Governance
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
F22 - International Migration
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
E51 - Money Supply ; Credit ; Money Multipliers
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
F47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
F20 - General
C50 - General
F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
E23 - Production
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
E00 - General
F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
E37 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E20 - General
Joining the European Union big opportunities in the international markets have opened for Latvia.
Paper purpose is to investigate influence of international integration processes on development of
economy of Latvia. In the paper Latvian economic indicators before and after entering the EU are compeered.
Latvia's incoming in EU increased the amount of received means from structural and cohesion
funds, removed the trading barriers, increases foreign investments, reduced unemployment, increased labor
migration, and increased prices and population purchasing power.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32522/1/MPRA_paper_32522.pdf
Skribans, Valerijs (2010): Latvia’s incoming in European Union economic effect estimation. Published in: BUSINESS, MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATION 2010 No. Contemporary Regional Issues Conference Proceedings (2010)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32529
2019-09-30T16:58:48Z
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7375626A656374733D4A:4A36
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32529/
Quale economia per i migranti?
Schilirò, Daniele
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
J1 - Demographic Economics
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J7 - Labor Discrimination
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
The problems of migrants, their economic condition, their needs to see some basic needs met, including the ability to work in a dignified manner, is discussed in my contribution placing at the centre of the discourse the question of values.
The present contribution has sought to address the economic and social problems of migrants, in particular issues relating to labor and employment in Italy. The analysis has highlighted the plight of migrants, the problems related to their economic and social integration, the inequality and the employment and social marginalization that immigrants face.
Finally, I have made some proposals on migrants based on the principles of legality, transparency and cooperation.
2011-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32529/2/MPRA_paper_32529.pdf
Schilirò, Daniele (2011): Quale economia per i migranti?
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32586
2019-09-26T18:56:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32586/
Potential implications of labour market opening in Germany and Austria on emigration from Poland
Strzelecki, Paweł
Wyszynski, Robert
F22 - International Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
The aim of this study is to present the characteristic of present-day migrants and the potential for possible migration after the opening of the labour markets in Austria and Germany. The econometric analysis shows that differences in unemployment rates between sending and receiving countries were the most important for changes in the emigration from Poland in the period 2002-2009. Mostly due to persistence of these differences the intruduction of the open-door policy by two last EU countries in the spring of 2011 can intensify the further emigration flows from Poland.
Data concerning the structure of the present emigration in Germany indicate that emigrants from Poland are mainly persons with vocational and secondary education, working primarily in the sections of services (e.g. health care and social assistance, accommodation and catering). There is also a relatively high percentage of persons employed in agriculture and the construction sector. These sectors will probably continue to be the most frequent workplace for emigrants, where the internal supply of work seems insufficient to meet the needs of this part of the German economy. The current limitations push better educated emigrants from Poland to work mainly as specialists in the sectors of economy preferred by Germany or as self-employed persons. The caps applied by German authorities concerning the number of Polish employees on secondment under the framework of the cross-border provision of services remain underused. Moreover, German data (which do not cover persons holding dual nationality) indicate that for the time being emigration from Poland is, to a large extent, circulatory by nature. Examples of other EU countries which already opened their labour markets indicate that the removal of barriers to access may increase emigration in the first year, but the differences and changes in unemployment rates among countries are a much more important factor for migratory flows, particularly at a later stage. The opening of labour markets in Germany and Austria may contribute to a change in the nature of the present short-term to a more permanent migration from Poland.
The first part of the study presents information on the existing work limitations for Poles in Germany and the characteristics of the present emigrants from Poland to Germany and Austria. The second part discusses determinants of emigration in 2002-2009, putting a special emphasis on those countries which already managed to open their labour markets for the ‘new’ EU members. The third part delivers the estimates of possible emigration changes from Poland to Germany and Austria that are going to happen after 1 May 2011.
2011-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32586/4/MPRA_paper_32586.pdf
Strzelecki, Paweł and Wyszynski, Robert (2011): Potential implications of labour market opening in Germany and Austria on emigration from Poland.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33571
2019-10-01T16:56:37Z
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7375626A656374733D48:4835:483535
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7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33571/
“Better Safe than Sorry” - Individual Risk-free Pension Schemes in the European Union - Macroeconomic Benefits, the Mobile Working Citizen’s Perspective and Why Nots
Peeters, Marga
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits ; Retirement Plans ; Private Pensions
G23 - Non-bank Financial Institutions ; Financial Instruments ; Institutional Investors
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
H75 - State and Local Government: Health ; Education ; Welfare ; Public Pensions
H83 - Public Administration ; Public Sector Accounting and Audits
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
J26 - Retirement ; Retirement Policies
Variations between the diverse pension systems in the member states of the European Union hamper labour market mobility, across country borders but also within the countries of the European Union. From a macroeconomic perspective, and in the light of demographic pressure, this paper argues that allowing individual instead of collective pension building would greatly improve labour market flexibility and thus enhance the functioning of the monetary union. I argue that working citizens would benefit, for three reasons, from pension saving in a risk-free savings account. First, citizens would have a clear picture of the accumulation of their own pension savings throughout their working life. Second, they would pay hardly any extra costs and, third, once retired they would not be subject to the whims of government or other pension fund managers. This paper investigates the feasibility of individual pension building under various parameter settings by calculating the pension saved during a working life and the pension dis-saved after retirement. The findings show that there are no reasons why the European Union and individual member states should not allow individual risk-free pension savings accounts. This would have macroeconomic benefits and provide a solid pension provision that can enhance mobility, instead of engaging workers in different mandatory collective pension schemes that exist around in the European Union.
2011-09-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33571/1/MPRA_paper_33571.pdf
Peeters, Marga (2011): “Better Safe than Sorry” - Individual Risk-free Pension Schemes in the European Union - Macroeconomic Benefits, the Mobile Working Citizen’s Perspective and Why Nots.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34565
2019-09-27T15:58:10Z
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7375626A656374733D45:4532:453232
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34565/
Development of System Dynamic Model of Latvia’s Economic Integration in the EU
Skribans, Valerijs
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
E22 - Investment ; Capital ; Intangible Capital ; Capacity
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
F15 - Economic Integration
F00 - General
F40 - General
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E17 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
O16 - Financial Markets ; Saving and Capital Investment ; Corporate Finance and Governance
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
F22 - International Migration
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
E51 - Money Supply ; Credit ; Money Multipliers
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
F47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
F20 - General
C50 - General
F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
E23 - Production
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
E00 - General
F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
E37 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
E20 - General
Joining the European Union big opportunities in the international markets have opened
for Latvia. Paper purpose is to investigate influence of international integration
processes on development of economy of Latvia. Latvia's incoming in EU increased the
amount of received means from structural and cohesion funds, removed the trading
barriers, increases foreign investments, reduced unemployment and increased labor
migration. In the paper the system dynamics model, which describes integration of the
Latvian economy into EU, is developed. In the model international financial flows
connected with Latvia and EU; import, its relation to internal producing; and migration
processes are considered. Model functioning is measured considering various scenarios
of situation development. The developed model can be used not only in the analysis of
Latvia’s economic integration in the EU, but on its basis it is possible to create models
of regional cohesion in Europe.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34565/1/MPRA_paper_34565.pdf
Skribans, Valerijs (2011): Development of System Dynamic Model of Latvia’s Economic Integration in the EU. Published in: Proceedings of the 29th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society (2011): pp. 1-16.
en
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