2024-03-28T15:27:04Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:133
2019-10-06T15:21:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/133/
Glass Ceilings and Sticky Floors: A Representation Index
Pendakur, Krishna
Pendakur, Ravi
Woodcock, Simon
C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
J71 - Discrimination
Recent research on glass ceilings and sticky floors has focused on the magnitude of differences between groups in the upper and lower quantile cutoffs of the conditional wage distribution. However, quantile cutoffs for different groups are only weakly informative of representation. For example, if the top decile cutoff is lower for minority than majority workers, this tells us that minority workers are under-represented in the top decile, but does not tell us the magnitude of the under-representation. In this paper, we propose a direct measure of the representation of a population subgroup, which we define as the proportion of group members whose earnings lie below (or above) a population earnings quantile. Our representation index is easily generalised to condition on characteristics (such as age, education, etc). Further, it generalizes naturally to an index of the severity (or cost) of under-representation to group members, which is based on dollar-weighted representation. Both representation and severity indices are easily calculated via existing regression techniques. We illustrate the approach using Canadian earnings data.
2006-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/133/1/MPRA_paper_133.pdf
Pendakur, Krishna and Pendakur, Ravi and Woodcock, Simon (2006): Glass Ceilings and Sticky Floors: A Representation Index.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1340
2019-09-29T06:14:23Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1340/
A Representation Index: Glass Ceilings and Sticky Floors
Pendakur, Krishna
Pendakur, Ravi
Woodcock, Simon
C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
J71 - Discrimination
Recent research on glass ceilings and sticky floors has focused on the magnitude of differences between groups in the upper and lower quantile cutoffs of the conditional wage distribution. However, quantile cutoffs for different groups are only weakly informative of representation. For example, if the top decile cutoff is lower for minority than majority workers, this tells us that minority workers are under-represented in the top decile, but does not tell us the magnitude of the under-representation. In this paper, we propose a direct measure of the representation of a population subgroup, which we define as the proportion of group members whose earnings lie below (or above) a population earnings quantile. Our representation index is easily generalised to condition on characteristics (such as age, education, etc). Further, it generalizes naturally to an index of the severity (or cost) of under-representation to group members, which is based on dollar-weighted representation. Both representation and severity indices are easily calculated via existing regression techniques. We illustrate the approach using Canadian earnings data.
2006-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1340/1/MPRA_paper_1340.pdf
Pendakur, Krishna and Pendakur, Ravi and Woodcock, Simon (2006): A Representation Index: Glass Ceilings and Sticky Floors.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2216
2019-10-01T04:13:25Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2216/
The Material Roots of Western Racism
Freeman, Alan
J71 - Discrimination
F54 - Colonialism ; Imperialism ; Postcolonialism
This article assesses the US discussion on the material roots of racism in which writers such as Malcolm X have been heavily criticised by ‘marxists’ for substituting race for class in the analysis of society.
The article argues that such criticism departs from the classical Marxist tradition in a manner characteristic of the dominant countries of the world in subordinating issues of political rights to the economic class struggle. This in turn arises from a failure to recognise the relation between racism and imperialism, itself arising from a division of the nations of the world which I define as ‘World Apartheid’.
The US-UK variant of marxism, which I characterise as ‘Imperialist Marxism’, has uncritically absorbed the world-view of the early imperialist pioneers – who were also social progressives – such as Rhodes and Chamberlain (and on the German side, Bismarck).
Empire financed social welfare and economic well-being using the value transferred to the heartlands from the colonies, which it justified with the concept of a ‘civilising mission’ to transplant a superior culture to the ‘backward’ conquered countries.
This system of domination persists economically today despite formal political freedom. The ‘civilising mission’ is reproduced in traditional Marxism through the notion that the working class of the dominant countries is culturally and politically superior to the working class of the remaining four-fifths of the world.
The characteristic core of this view is that political power is of secondary importance to economic equality. Racism can therefore be overcome by the simple dynamics of economic class struggle, and demands for political rights should be subordinated to higher wages and better welfare.
1998
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2216/1/MPRA_paper_2216.pdf
Freeman, Alan (1998): The Material Roots of Western Racism. Published in: Eszmelet No. 1998 (1998): pp. 28-36.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3542
2019-09-30T23:57:35Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3542/
The NBA, Exit Discrimination, and Career Earnings
Hoang, Ha
Rascher, Dan
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, it
complements the many wage discrimination studies by examining exit
discrimination in the NBA using a decade's worth of data (the 1980's).
White players have a 36% lower risk of being cut than black players,
ceteris paribus, translating into an expected career length of 7.5 seasons
for an apparently similar player who is white, and 5.5 seasons for the
same player who is black. Second, the career earnings effect of exit
discrimination in the 1980's is larger ($808,000) than the career
earnings effect of wage discrimination ($329,000). Third, our data are consistent
with the hypothesis that customer racial discrimination
is the reason for the observed exit discrimination.
1999-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3542/1/MPRA_paper_3542.pdf
Hoang, Ha and Rascher, Dan (1999): The NBA, Exit Discrimination, and Career Earnings. Published in: Industrial Relations , Vol. 1, No. 38 (January 1999): pp. 69-91.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3612
2019-09-29T10:58:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3612/
Analysis of Gender Disparity in Meghalaya by Various Types of Composite Indices
Mishra, SK
O53 - Asia including Middle East
J71 - Discrimination
Z12 - Religion
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
Subjugation of women in certain spheres of life is very common in the patriarchal societies and it has a long history. In India, women have little social or economic independence. They are treated inequitably at home as much as at the workplace outside. Perhaps, it is so for the Indian society is predominantly patriarchal. However, Meghlaya, a state in North East India, presents a case different than the rest of the country at large (except Kerala and some other pockets). A very large majority of population in the state belongs to three tribes, Garo, Jaintia and Khasi, well known for their being matrilineal (and matrifocal). In this paper we investigate how women in Meghalaya perform, vis-à-vis men, in the socio-economic sphere. The investigation is based on Census of India-2001 data. Two sets of nine variables that measure socio-economic inclusion of people in development have been obtained, first for men and the second for women, and from these variables a composite index has finally been constructed. Many methods of constructing a composite index are discussed and applied on the data for obtaining loadings on the variables. Analytic methods (e.g. principal component/factor analysis) and synthetic methods (MSAR, MEFAR and MMAR) have been compared empirically. We find that the synthetic methods perform better than the analytic methods in representing the constituent variables judiciously and meaningfully.
Do matrifocal societies favour women in socio-economic sphere and help achieve gender equality? We conclude that indeed they do so. The tribes of Meghalaya whose societies are organized on matrifocal principles have obtained much greater gender equality than the societies (e.g. Hindu and Muslim) that are organized on the patriarchal principles.
2007-06-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3612/1/MPRA_paper_3612.pdf
Mishra, SK (2007): Analysis of Gender Disparity in Meghalaya by Various Types of Composite Indices.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5722
2019-09-27T06:00:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3831
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3337
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503438
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3331
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463534
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3433
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3833
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5722/
The Transformation of Rural Labour Systems in Colonial and Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria
Kohnert, Dirk
J81 - Working Conditions
J71 - Discrimination
N37 - Africa ; Oceania
P48 - Political Economy ; Legal Institutions ; Property Rights ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Regional Studies
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
K31 - Labor Law
F54 - Colonialism ; Imperialism ; Postcolonialism
P16 - Political Economy
J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor
J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J83 - Workers' Rights
P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
The study attempts to highlight the interrelation between three central points in the ongoing debate on the political economy of development: viability, surplus, and class-formation. A case study of the develop¬ment of rural labour systems in Northern Nigeria is meant to provide both a better qualitative and quantitative idea of this interrelation. After an analysis of the socio-economic effects of forced and bonded labour during colonial times, the articulation of different systems of family and non-family labour has been investigated. Class-specific effects of labour and capital input do even result in an increasing use of communal labour by rich and middle peasants after the Nigerian Civil War: its form remains, but its content changes fundamentally. The socio-economic and material base for small-scale peasant subsistence production has been gradually destroyed.
1986
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5722/1/MPRA_paper_5722.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (1986): The Transformation of Rural Labour Systems in Colonial and Post-Colonial Northern Nigeria. Published in: Journal of Peasant Studies , Vol. 13, No. 4 (1986): pp. 258-271.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5756
2019-09-28T04:48:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5756/
Quality of Jobs Generated by Unorganised Establishments During Globalisation: A Diagnosis with a Case of Indian Punjab
Jain, Varinder
J71 - Discrimination
L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
‘What has been the quality of jobs generated by Punjab’s urban unorganised establishments in an era of globalisation?’ is the central question addressed in this paper. It is argued that the unorganised establishments’ growth, under the conditions of exogenous technology, may be due to intensive and extensive usage of hired labour. Through secondary and primary data analysis, it is concluded that these unorganised establishments have generated a sufficiently large number of such jobs that may be characterized as of poor quality in terms of low earnings, limited upward mobility, unjust wage setting, uninformed job termination and low job satisfaction.
2007-11-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5756/1/MPRA_paper_5756.pdf
Jain, Varinder (2007): Quality of Jobs Generated by Unorganised Establishments During Globalisation: A Diagnosis with a Case of Indian Punjab.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5978
2019-10-03T12:00:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3431
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5978/
Do high incomes reflect individual performance? The determinants of high incomes in Germany
Hirschel, Dierk
J41 - Labor Contracts
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
J30 - General
In neoclassical economic theory the level of individual income is predominantly determined by
individual job performance. Thus high incomes reflect the high marginal productivity of labour
of the affluent working population. While the scientific research of poverty has a long tradition,
nearly nothing is known about the rich. This study tries to diminish this research gap by
investigating the structure of high labour incomes in Germany. By revealing the determinants of
high incomes by descriptive and paneleconometric analyses mit Daten des Sozio-ökonomischen
Panels, we want to answer the question if high incomes are especially the result of individual
job performance or rather the result of social selection through social background or sexual
discrimination
2003-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5978/1/MPRA_paper_5978.pdf
Hirschel, Dierk (2003): Do high incomes reflect individual performance? The determinants of high incomes in Germany.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5980
2019-09-27T04:54:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5980/
Hohe Einkommen: Eine Verteilungsanalyse für Freie Berufe, Unternehmer und abhängig Beschäftigte
Merz, Joachim
Zwick, Markus
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J71 - Discrimination
J30 - General
Die Verteilung gesellschaftlicher Ressourcen ist von hoher gesellschafts- wie wirtschafts- und
sozialpolitischer Bedeutung. Was allerdings für eine fundierte Auseinandersetzung fehlt, sind
zuverlässige Daten vor allem zu den hohen Einkommen. Die vorliegende Studie soll dazu
beitragen, die Analyse der hohen Einkommen für Selbständige - mit ihren Freien Berufen und
Unternehmern - und abhängig Beschäftigte als zentrale Gruppen des Arbeitsmarktes und der
Gesellschaft, quantitativ und qualitativ zu fundieren.
Vor dem Hintergrund der hierfür an eine Datenbasis zu stellenden Anforderungen und den
vorhandenen amtlichen und nichtamtlichen Datenquellen charakterisieren wir unsere Mikrodatenbasis:
Die Lohn- und Einkommensteuerstatistik 1995, eine für die Analyse hoher Einkommen
besonders geeignete Vollerhebungs-Datenbasis. Wir beschreiben das ökonomische Einkommenskonzept
und die verwendete 10%Stichprobe mit ca. 3 Mio. anonymisierten Steuerpflichtigen.
Auf dieser Basis werden dann erstmals die Ergebnisse der Einkommensanalysen zur
Verteilung und Umverteilung über alle Einkommensbereiche und dann für alternative
Reichtumsgrenzen - Millionäre und. 200% des Mittelwertes - für Freie Berufe, Unternehmer und
abhängig Beschäftigte vorgestellt und diskutiert.
2003-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5980/1/MPRA_paper_5980.pdf
Merz, Joachim and Zwick, Markus (2003): Hohe Einkommen: Eine Verteilungsanalyse für Freie Berufe, Unternehmer und abhängig Beschäftigte.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7723
2019-09-26T14:43:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7723/
White discrimination in provision of black education: plantations and towns
Canaday, Neil
Tamura, Robert
J71 - Discrimination
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J42 - Monopsony ; Segmented Labor Markets
We present a model of public provision of education for blacks in two discriminatory regimes, white plantation controlled, and white town controlled. We show that the ability to migrate to a non-discriminating district constrains the ability of both types of whites to discriminate. The model produces time series of educational outcomes for whites and blacks that mimic the behavior seen in Post Reconstruction South Carolina to the onset of the Civil Rights Act. It also fits the Post World War II black-white income differentials.
2007-07-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7723/1/MPRA_paper_7723.pdf
Canaday, Neil and Tamura, Robert (2007): White discrimination in provision of black education: plantations and towns.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8292
2019-09-27T03:29:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8292/
Family Types, Authority Structure and Women Workers in Sindh Labor Force: Problems and Prospects
Wasim, Mohammad Pervez
Herani, Gobind M.
Farooqui, Wahid
Qureshi, M. A
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J71 - Discrimination
J12 - Marriage ; Marital Dissolution ; Family Structure ; Domestic Abuse
The development of a society is virtually dependent upon the quality of human resources both male and female, the changing pattern of economic and social development of world societies irrespective of their level of development, necessitates and equal advancement of both the social segments. The numerical reality that women constitute about nearly half of the total population of Sindh ideally assigns to them equal participating role in the economic life of the province. However, like other developing countries, women’s role in Sindh as an active worker-producer of goods and services has not been duly recognized by this male dominated society. With the objective of ensuring increased participation of women, clear-cut guidelines about integrating women in the development process and defining their roles are still lacking in Sindh. The present study is a step in the direction of bridging the gap of information about female labor force participation of Sindh in different, activity rates, industry group, occupation group and employment status in 1981 and 1998 population census. The most important conclusion that emerges from this study is that though percentage of women labor force in different, activities, industry group, occupation group and employment status has mostly increased in 1998 as compared to 1981, but being nearly half of the population this increase is still very low.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8292/1/MPRA_paper_8292.pdf
Wasim, Mohammad Pervez and Herani, Gobind M. and Farooqui, Wahid and Qureshi, M. A (2008): Family Types, Authority Structure and Women Workers in Sindh Labor Force: Problems and Prospects. Published in: Indus Journal of Management & Social Sciences , Vol. 2, No. 1 (April 2008): pp. 29-49.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10036
2019-10-25T06:12:40Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11286
2019-10-03T02:57:03Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11286/
Unemployment, economic status and ethnic politics: A case study of Karachi
Mehar, Ayub
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
J71 - Discrimination
Z10 - General
Regional-based quota in public sector employment was always considered as one of the important cause of the ethnic politics in Pakistan and particularly in Karachi. The majority of educated youth and middle classers in Pakistan belong to the urban areas and big cities where public sector employment is a frictional part of the total employment. However, households’ economic statuses in those areas are closely related with the employment status of the households’ members.
This study has one objective only: to test the hypothesis that socio-economic variation between the ethnic groups was the origin of the emerging ethnic politics in Karachi. The disparities in income, employment and social status have been compared between the nine ethnic groups of Karachi. It is noteworthy that statistical evidences have rejected the hypothesis that rise in ethnic politics was a consequence of socio-economic discrepancies between the ethnic groups.
1998
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11286/1/MPRA_paper_11286.pdf
Mehar, Ayub (1998): Unemployment, economic status and ethnic politics: A case study of Karachi. Forthcoming in: Journal of Social Sciences No. NA
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11326
2019-09-27T14:59:20Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11326/
Annual income, hourly wages, and identity Among Mexican Americans and other Latinos
Mason, Patrick L.
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
J71 - Discrimination
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
This article examines heterogeneity and income inequality among Hispanic Americans. Two processes that influence Hispanic heterogeneity include acculturation and labor market discrimination because of skin shade/phenotype. I focus on Hispanics because of their variation in phenotype, color, nativity, and language usage and also because of their recent large-scale integration into a society that historically has been characterized by bipolar racial categories that are putatively based on phenotype. This process provides a natural experiment for appraising the relative importance of acculturation, discrimination, and income inequality. I use data from two periods, 1979 and 1989, to determine the stability of identity formation among Mexican-Americans and other Hispanics. I find strong incentives favoring acculturation among Mexican- and Cuban-Americans. Americans of Mexican and Cuban descent but less so Puerto Ricans are able to increase annual income and hourly wages by acculturating into a non-Hispanic white racial identity. However, neither the abandonment of Spanish nor the abandonment of a specifically Hispanic racial self-identity is sufficient to overcome the penalties associated with having a dark complexion and non-European phenotype.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11326/1/MPRA_paper_11326.pdf
Mason, Patrick L. (2004): Annual income, hourly wages, and identity Among Mexican Americans and other Latinos. Published in: Industrial Relations , Vol. 43, No. 4 (2004): pp. 817-834.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11764
2019-09-26T19:06:23Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3531
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11764/
The Use of Informal Networks in Italian Labor Markets: Efficiency or Favoritisms?
Ponzo, Michela
Scoppa, Vincenzo
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
M51 - Firm Employment Decisions ; Promotions
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
A number of papers considers the use of informal networks (the help of relatives, friends and acquaintances) to find an employment as an efficient mechanism to match workers to jobs. However, evidence in Italy shows that informal networks tend to be used more in less productive jobs and less developed regions. We aim to show that informal networks – rather than being an efficient channel of information transmission – may interfere with a genuine process of selection of workers, favoring socially connected people in place of more talented workers. Using the Bank of Italy Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW) we estimate with a Probit model the determinants of the probability of using informal networks. We find that informal networks tend to be used by low educated individuals, in low productivity jobs, in high unemployment areas, where opportunistic behavior are widespread and in jobs paying a wage rent. We offer a stripped-down model of nepotism to explain theoretically these findings.
2008-10-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11764/1/MPRA_paper_11764.pdf
Ponzo, Michela and Scoppa, Vincenzo (2008): The Use of Informal Networks in Italian Labor Markets: Efficiency or Favoritisms?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12420
2019-10-02T20:24:24Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12420/
Women and Economic Emancipation in Eritrea – Some Observations
Rena, Ravinder
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
J71 - Discrimination
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
The woman is considered to be a pillar of the society and a model of the unity. Indeed, woman plays a great role at home as well as at work. For example, 45 per cent of the measurable Gross Domestic Income comes from the work of women in the world’s richest countries. However, the women are discriminated both at work and at home. Further, they are vulnerable to conflicts, wars and terrorism. The women in Eritrea are fighting for their rights and freedom. This paper explores the role of women in economy and in society. The paper also provides some comparison of Eritrean women with that of other developing countries By way of a summing up, some random thoughts are set out to provoke analysis and debate on the subject.
2006-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12420/1/MPRA_paper_12420.pdf
Rena, Ravinder (2006): Women and Economic Emancipation in Eritrea – Some Observations. Published in: Gender and Behaviour , Vol. 5, No. 1 (5 June 2007): pp. 1082-1088.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12754
2019-09-27T06:47:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12754/
Post-reform Trends in Wage-Differentials: A Decomposition Analysis for India
Mukherjee, Dipa
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J71 - Discrimination
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J23 - Labor Demand
Wage inequality often creates much broader socio-economic inequality and may even accentuate them. For attaining equitable development convergence in wages and earnings is therefore desirable. This paper explores trends and patterns in wage differentials in India in the post reform period. Using decomposition technique it compares trends in within group and between group disparities – across occupational group, gender, job type, and region. It is observed that while inter-group disparity or vertical differentials are coming down in terms of wage rates, they are increasing in terms of total earnings because of more than proportionate rise in disparity in labour demand and job availability. Intra-group wage differentials have increased among most of the occupations as also among several sub-groups, leading to polarization within groups. Decomposition analysis shows that wage differential across some groups are mainly due to the skill factor while for some other groups it is pure discrimination or unfavourable labour market conditions which is creating the wage differential. Only an inclusive growth strategy will lead to lowering of wage differentials and removal of disparities in living standards across space and people.
2007-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12754/1/MPRA_paper_12754.pdf
Mukherjee, Dipa (2007): Post-reform Trends in Wage-Differentials: A Decomposition Analysis for India. Published in: Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 50, No. 4 (December 2007)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13183
2019-09-28T16:39:21Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13183/
Equal employment practices
Syed, Jawad
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
J71 - Discrimination
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
In this article, the author has discussed that in Pakistan, EEO is rather an issue of education than legislation or implementation.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13183/1/MPRA_paper_13183.pdf
Syed, Jawad (2003): Equal employment practices. Published in: Pakistan and Gulf Economist , Vol. Sep 29, No. 39 (2003): pp. 34-37.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13928
2019-09-26T09:24:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13928/
From guests to hosts: a first whole picture of immigrant-native wage differentials in Spain
Muñoz de Bustillo, Rafael
Carrera, Miguel
Antón, José-Ignacio
F22 - International Migration
J71 - Discrimination
This article analyses the immigrant-native wage differentials in Spain, which only recently has become a host country. The paper exploits the Earnings Structure Survey 2006, which is the first nationally representative sample of both foreigner and Spaniard employees. Using the Machado-Mata econometric procedure, wage differentials between locals and foreigners are decomposed into the gap related to characteristics and that due to different returns to endowments (i.e., discrimination). We found that, in absolute terms, the latter component grows across wage distribution, reflecting the existence of a kind of glass ceiling consistent with the evidence of over-education found by previous research.
2009-02-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13928/1/MPRA_paper_13928.pdf
Muñoz de Bustillo, Rafael and Carrera, Miguel and Antón, José-Ignacio (2009): From guests to hosts: a first whole picture of immigrant-native wage differentials in Spain.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14168
2019-09-26T19:59:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14168/
The Gender Wage Gap as a Function of Educational Degree Choices in Greece
Pouliakas, Konstantinos
Livanos, Ilias
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
This study investigates the extent to which differences in the subject of degree studied by male and female university graduates contributes to the gender pay gap in Greece. The case of Greece is interesting as it is an EU country with historically large gender discrepancies in earnings and one of the highest levels of occupational gender segregation among OECD economies. Using micro-data from the most recently available waves (2000-2003) of the Greek Labour Force Survey (LFS), the returns to academic disciplines are firstly estimated by gender. It is found that the subjects in which women are relatively over-represented (e.g. Education, Humanities) are also those with the lowest amortization in terms of wage returns. Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions subsequently imply that gender differences in the type of degree studied can explain an additional 8.4% of the male-female pay gap in Greece. Risk-augmented earnings functions (Hartog, 2006) indicate that Greek women seek for less risky educations that consequently command lower wage premiums in the job market.
2008-08-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14168/3/MPRA_paper_14168.pdf
Pouliakas, Konstantinos and Livanos, Ilias (2008): The Gender Wage Gap as a Function of Educational Degree Choices in Greece.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14682
2019-09-28T12:37:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14682/
Can age discrimination be justified with a lower productivity of older workers?
Barthel, Jens
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
J71 - Discrimination
The connection between age and productivity is a widely discussed topic in the empirical literature. The present paper's aim is to contribute to the explanation of an apparant lower productivity of older individuals. If we introduce uncertainty about the future working conditions depending on present success, a decrease of productivity over the working life can be observed despite a constant a priori productivity.
2008-12-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14682/1/MPRA_paper_14682.pdf
Barthel, Jens (2008): Can age discrimination be justified with a lower productivity of older workers?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15051
2019-10-03T05:11:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15051/
How are you doing in your grandpa’s country? Labour market performance of Latin American immigrants in Spain.
Antón, José-Ignacio
Carrera, Miguel
Muñoz de Bustillo, Rafael
F22 - International Migration
J71 - Discrimination
This paper analyses wage differentials between local and foreign workers from Latin America and the Caribbean in Spain, which was traditionally a country of emigrants, being precisely Hispanic America the main host region of Spanish migrants during the 19th and 20th centuries. In addition, we also compute earnings. The paper exploits the Earnings Structure Survey 2006, which is the first nationally representative sample of both foreign and Spanish employees. Using the Machado-Mata econometric procedure, wage differentials between locals and foreigners are decomposed into the gap related to characteristics and the one due to different returns on endowments (i.e., discrimination). First, we find that, in absolute terms, the latter component grows across wage distribution, reflecting the existence of a kind of glass ceiling. Second, there seem not to be significant wage gap between Latin American and the last of foreign employees, probably because non-native workers are employed in low-skill jobs.
2009-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15051/1/MPRA_paper_15051.pdf
Antón, José-Ignacio and Carrera, Miguel and Muñoz de Bustillo, Rafael (2009): How are you doing in your grandpa’s country? Labour market performance of Latin American immigrants in Spain.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16109
2019-09-27T22:33:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16109/
Are all migrants really worse off in urban labour markets: new empirical evidence from China.
Gagnon, Jason
Xenogiani, Theodora
Xing, Chunbing
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
J71 - Discrimination
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
The rapid and massive increase in rural-to-urban worker flows to the coast of China has drawn recent attention to the welfare of migrants working in urban regions, particularly to their working conditions and pay; serious concern is raised regarding pay discrimination against rural migrants. This paper uses data from a random draw of the 2005 Chinese national census survey to shed more light on the discrimination issue, by making comparisons of earnings and the sector of work between rural migrants on one hand, and urban residents and urban migrants on the other. Contrary to popular belief, we find no earnings discrimination against rural migrants compared to urban residents. However, rural migrants are found to be discriminated in terms of the sector in which they work, with a vast majority working in the informal sector lacking adequate social protection.
2009-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16109/1/MPRA_paper_16109.pdf
Gagnon, Jason and Xenogiani, Theodora and Xing, Chunbing (2009): Are all migrants really worse off in urban labour markets: new empirical evidence from China.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16440
2019-10-01T06:23:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16440/
Labour Market Racial Discrimination in South Africa Revisited
Maciej, Szelewicki
Tyrowicz, Joanna
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J71 - Discrimination
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
Discrimination is a significant issue in labour market economics across developed as well as developing countries. In this paper we inquire the actual size of wage discrimination in the Republic of Soutn Africa, accounting for large differences in individual endowments. We apply the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition as well as propensity score matching to adequately determine the role of discrimination in the wage gaps observed. Although the size of the absolute racial wage gap is enormous, amounting for more than 500%, the actual estimated effect non-attributable to other factors ranges between 45%-55%. This estimator, however, assumes homogenous discrimination across the wage distribution, while data suggest that there are significant educational, sectoral and occupational differentials. To account for these effects, we implement propensity score matching by finding “statistical twins” of the White population among the Black population, thus we demonstrate how wages differ between these groups in comparable labour market situations. Here too we find that wages for the White are on average approximately 30%, while the effects vary at quartiles of the wage distribution.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16440/1/MPRA_paper_16440.pdf
Maciej, Szelewicki and Tyrowicz, Joanna (2009): Labour Market Racial Discrimination in South Africa Revisited.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17409
2019-09-27T12:44:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17409/
A Theory of Gender Wage Gap
Jellal, Mohamed
Nordman, Christophe
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
In this paper, we introduce uncertainty of the labour productivity of women in a competitive model of wage determination. We demonstrate that more qualified women are then offered much lower wages than men at the equilibrium. This result is consistent with the glass ceiling hypothesis according to which there exist larger gender wage gaps at the upper tail of the wage distribution.
2009-09-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17409/1/MPRA_paper_17409.pdf
Jellal, Mohamed and Nordman, Christophe (2009): A Theory of Gender Wage Gap.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18765
2019-09-26T19:32:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4830
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18765/
Group Reputation and the Dynamics of Statistical Discrimination
Kim, Young Chul
Loury, Glenn
H0 - General
J60 - General
J71 - Discrimination
Previous literature on statistical discrimination explained stereotypes based on the existence of multiple equilibria, in which principals have different self-confirming beliefs about different social groups (Arrow, 1973; Coate and Loury, 1993). However, the literature has not provided an account of where the principals' prior beliefs come from. Moreover, the static models dominating the literature do not offer relevant information about the dynamic paths that lead to each equilibrium. This paper develops a dynamic version of statistical discrimination in which economic players' forward-looking behaviors determine the dynamic paths to each equilibrium. Defining ``Group Reputation'' as the objective information shared by principals regarding the average characteristics of agents belonging to each group, this study identifies groups as advantaged or disadvantaged, based on their initial reputation states, and provides conditions by which a group can switch from one reputation state to another. By understanding this dynamic structure of reputation evolution, we examine the strategy that well-coordinated principals may voluntarily utilize to maximize their profits, helping the group in the reputation trap to improve its skill investment rate.
2009-05-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18765/1/MPRA_paper_18765.pdf
Kim, Young Chul and Loury, Glenn (2009): Group Reputation and the Dynamics of Statistical Discrimination.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19166
2019-09-30T17:09:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19166/
The Gender Wage Gap as a Function of Educational Degree Choices in an Occupationally Segregated EU Country (Greece)
Pouliakas, Konstantinos
Livanos, Ilias
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
This study investigates the extent to which differences in the subject of degree studied by male and female university graduates contributes to the gender pay gap, and the reasons underlying their distinct educational choices. The case of Greece is examined due to the fact that it is an EU country with historically large gender discrepancies in earnings and occupational segregation. Using micro-data from the Greek Labour Force Survey (LFS), the returns to academic disciplines are firstly estimated by gender. It is found that the subjects in which women are relatively over-represented (e.g. Education, Humanities) are also those with the lowest wage returns. Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions subsequently imply that gender differences in the type of degree studied can explain an additional 8.4% of the male-female pay gap. Risk-augmented earnings functions of the Hartog-type also indicate that women seek for less risky educations that consequently command lower wage premiums in the job market.
2008-08-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19166/1/MPRA_paper_19166.pdf
Pouliakas, Konstantinos and Livanos, Ilias (2008): The Gender Wage Gap as a Function of Educational Degree Choices in an Occupationally Segregated EU Country (Greece).
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19297
2019-09-27T03:37:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19297/
An Econometric Analysis of Inter-State Variations in Women’s Labour Force Participation in India
Masood, Tariq
Ahmad, Mohd. Izhar
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J71 - Discrimination
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions
The study attempts to investigate the factors responsible for the inter-state variations in women’s labour force participation in India by using the NSSO 61st round (2004-05) data. Two separate regression models for rural and urban women between women’s labor force participation as dependent variable and its various possible determinants have been estimated to identify the factors determining the rural and urban women’s labour force participation by using cross sectional data of all states and union territories of India. Our findings suggest that Personal variables education and wages are significant determinants of urban women’s labour force participation but not of rural women’s labour force participation. Other important determinants of women’s labour force participation are sex ratio, Muslim population, SC and ST population and Unemployment rate.
2009-10-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19297/1/MPRA_paper_19297.pdf
Masood, Tariq and Ahmad, Mohd. Izhar (2009): An Econometric Analysis of Inter-State Variations in Women’s Labour Force Participation in India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19376
2019-09-28T00:04:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19376/
An Econometric Analysis of Inter-State Variations in Women’s Labour Force Participation in India
Masood, Tariq
Ahmad, Mohd. Izhar
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J71 - Discrimination
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions
The study attempts to investigate the factors responsible for the inter-state variations in women’s labour force participation in India by using the NSSO 61st round (2004-05) data. Two separate regression models for rural and urban women between women’s labor force participation as dependent variable and its various possible determinants have been estimated to identify the factors determining the rural and urban women’s labour force participation by using cross sectional data of all states and union territories of India. Our findings suggest that Personal variables education and wages are significant determinants of urban women’s labour force participation but not of rural women’s labour force participation. Other important determinants of women’s labour force participation are sex ratio, Muslim population, SC and ST population and Unemployment rate.
2009-10-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19376/1/MPRA_paper_19376.pdf
Masood, Tariq and Ahmad, Mohd. Izhar (2009): An Econometric Analysis of Inter-State Variations in Women’s Labour Force Participation in India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19497
2019-10-12T16:38:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19497/
Employment and Education Discrimination against Disabled Persons in Cape Verde
Échevin, Damien
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
O55 - Africa
J71 - Discrimination
This paper assesses the employment and school enrollment gaps between disabled and non-disabled persons using the last Cape Verdean census. The unexplained part of these gaps accounts for most of them, whatever the age group considered. Furthermore, differences in age structures between disabled and non-disabled persons have almost no effect on these gaps. Taking into account potential misclassification errors in the disability variable seems to change only marginally these results. These findings thus suggest that there is scope for programs to better target and promote employment and education of the disabled in Cape Verde.
2009-12-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19497/1/MPRA_paper_19497.pdf
Échevin, Damien (2009): Employment and Education Discrimination against Disabled Persons in Cape Verde.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19579
2019-10-11T00:49:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19579/
Employment and Education Discrimination against Disabled Persons in Cape Verde
Échevin, Damien
J14 - Economics of the Elderly ; Economics of the Handicapped ; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
O55 - Africa
J71 - Discrimination
This paper assesses the employment and school enrollment gaps between disabled and non-disabled persons using the last Cape Verdean census. The unexplained part of these gaps accounts for most of them, whatever the age group considered. Furthermore, differences in age structures between disabled and non-disabled persons have almost no effect on these gaps. Taking into account potential misclassification errors in the disability variable seems to change only marginally these results. These findings thus suggest that there is scope for programs to better target and promote employment and education of the disabled in Cape Verde.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19579/1/MPRA_paper_19579.pdf
Échevin, Damien (2009): Employment and Education Discrimination against Disabled Persons in Cape Verde.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20008
2019-10-01T16:57:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20008/
Employment Inequality, Employment Regulation, and Social Welfare
Borooah, Vani
J71 - Discrimination
This paper develops a model which explains the unequal employment outcomes of two groups - defined as their, respective, likelihoods of successfully filling job vacancies - in terms of disparities in their access to job networks. This disparity arises because a proportion of vacancies are filled using informal methods so that, as a first step, information about vacancies only becomes available through word-of-mouth; as a second step, appointments are based on the recommendations of existing employees. If society is fragmented, then members of one group will have little or no contact with members of the other group. Therefore, the power to inform and to recommend becomes excessively concentrated in the group that dominates the workforce. In such a situation, the role of fair-employment regulation is to ensure fair access to jobs for all. While this generates equity gains, it could, by raising the costs of hiring and firing, also be accompanied by efficiency losses. Whether social welfare increases or decreases as a result of regulation depends on the relative magnitudes of these gains and losses.
2002
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20008/1/MPRA_paper_20008.pdf
Borooah, Vani (2002): Employment Inequality, Employment Regulation, and Social Welfare. Published in: Economic Growth, Inequality, and Migration (2002): pp. 108-130.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24689
2019-09-26T15:22:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473332
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3133
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24689/
Bank credit, trade credit or no credit: Evidence from the Surveys of Small Business Finances
Cole, Rebel
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
J71 - Discrimination
G32 - Financing Policy ; Financial Risk and Risk Management ; Capital and Ownership Structure ; Value of Firms ; Goodwill
M13 - New Firms ; Startups
G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages
In this study, we use data from the SSBFs to provide new information about the use of credit by small businesses in the U.S. More specifically, we first analyze firms that do and do not use credit; and then analyze why some firms use trade credit while others use bank credit. We find that one in five small firms uses no credit, one in five uses trade credit only, one in five uses bank credit only, and two in five use both bank credit and trade credit. These results are consistent across the three SSBFs we examine—1993, 1998 and 2003. When compared to firms that use credit, we find that firms using no credit are significantly smaller, more profitable, more liquid and of better credit quality; but hold fewer tangible assets. We also find that firms using no credit are more likely to be found in the services industries and in the wholesale and retail-trade industries. In general, these findings are consistent with the pecking-order theory of firm capital structure. Firms that use trade credit are larger, more liquid, of worse credit quality, and less likely to be a firm that primarily provides services. Among firms that use trade credit, the amount used as a percentage of assets is positively related to liquidity and negatively related to credit quality and is lower at firms that primarily provide services. In general, these results are consistent with the financing-advantage theory of trade credit. Firms that use bank credit are larger, less profitable, less liquid and more opaque as measured by firm age, i.e., younger. Among firms that use bank credit, the amount used as a percentage of assets is positively related to firm liquidity and to firm opacity as measured by firm age. Again, these results are generally consistent with the pecking-order theory of capital structure, but with some notable exceptions. We contribute to the literature on the availability of credit in at least two important ways. First, we provide the first rigorous analysis of the differences between small U.S. firms that do and do not use credit. Second, for those small U.S. firms that do participate in the credit markets, we provide new evidence regarding factors that determine their use of trade credit and of bank credit, and whether these two types of credit are substitutes (Meltzer, 1960) or complements (Burkart and Ellingsen, 2004). Our evidence strongly suggests that they are complements.
2010-03-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24689/1/MPRA_paper_24689.pdf
Cole, Rebel (2010): Bank credit, trade credit or no credit: Evidence from the Surveys of Small Business Finances.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24691
2019-09-27T13:19:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3236
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473332
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3133
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24691/
Who needs credit and who gets credit? Evidence from the Surveys of Small Business Finances
Cole, Rebel A.
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
J71 - Discrimination
L26 - Entrepreneurship
G32 - Financing Policy ; Financial Risk and Risk Management ; Capital and Ownership Structure ; Value of Firms ; Goodwill
M13 - New Firms ; Startups
G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages
In this study, we use data from the Federal Reserve’s 1993, 1998 and 2003 Surveys of Small Business Finances to classify small businesses into four groups based upon their credit needs and to model the credit allocation process into a sequence of three steps. First, do firms need credit? We classify those that do not as “non-borrowers;” these firms have received scant attention in the literature even though they account for more than half of all small firms. Second, do firms need credit but fail to apply because they feared being turned down? We classify such firms as “discouraged borrowers.” Like non-borrowers, discouraged borrowers have received little attention in the literature and often are pooled with firms who applied for, but were denied, credit. Discouraged borrowers outnumber firms that applied for, but were denied, credit by more than two to one. Third, do firms apply for credit, but get turned down? We classify such firms as “denied borrowers.” Finally, we classify firms that applied for, and were extended, credit as “approved borrowers.” Our results reveal strong and significant differences among each of these four groups of firms. Non-borrowers look very much like approved borrowers, consistent with the Pecking-Order Theory of capital structure. Discouraged borrowers resemble denied borrowers in many respects, but are significantly different along a number of dimensions. This finding calls into question the results from previous studies that have pooled together these two groups of firms in analyzing credit allocation. Finally, we find strong evidence that denied borrowers differ from approved borrowers across numerous characteristics, as previously documented in the literature. Of particular note, minority owned-firms, and especially Black-owned firms, were denied credit at a far higher rate than firms with owners who were white.
2008-05-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24691/1/MPRA_paper_24691.pdf
Cole, Rebel A. (2008): Who needs credit and who gets credit? Evidence from the Surveys of Small Business Finances.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26117
2019-09-27T16:47:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3132
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26117/
I Would if I Could: Precarious Employment and Childbearing Intentions in Italy
Modena, Francesca
Sabatini, Fabio
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
J71 - Discrimination
J12 - Marriage ; Marital Dissolution ; Family Structure ; Domestic Abuse
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper carries out an investigation into the socio-economic determinants of childbearing decisions made by couples in Italy. The analysis accounts for the characteristics of both possible parents. Our results do not support established theoretical predictions according to which the increase in the opportunity cost of motherhood connected to higher female labour participation is responsible for the fall in fertility. On the contrary, the instability of women’s work status (i.e. having occasional, precarious, and low-paid positions) is revealed as a significant dissuasive factor in the decision to have children. Couples in which there is an unemployed woman are less likely to plan childbearing as well. Other relevant explanatory variables are women’s age, men’s work status and education, women’s citizenship, marital status and perceived economic well-being.
2010-10-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26117/1/MPRA_paper_26117.pdf
Modena, Francesca and Sabatini, Fabio (2010): I Would if I Could: Precarious Employment and Childbearing Intentions in Italy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27515
2019-09-28T06:52:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3431
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27515/
Discrimination in the Equilibrium Search Model with Wage-Tenure Contracts
Fang, Zheng
Sakellariou, Chris
J41 - Labor Contracts
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
We extend the Burdett and Coles (2003) search model with wage-tenure contracts to two types of workers and firms and derive the equilibrium earnings distributions for both types of workers, by means of which we succeed in predicting many stylized facts found in empirics. For example, we find that at the same wage level, majority workers almost always experience a faster wage increase than the minority workers; minority workers have a higher unemployment rate; discriminating firms make lower profit than non-discriminating firms and offers to minority workers by non-discriminating firms are consistently superior to those provided by discriminating firms etc. Besides, we find a similar result to the classical discrimination theory that the average wage of the majority workers, though higher in most cases, can be smaller than their counterpart’s wage when the fraction of discriminating firms is small and the degree of recruiting discrimination and disutility are mild. We also show that in a special case of CRRA utility function with the coefficient of relative risk aversion approaching infinity, our model degenerates to Bowlus and Eckstein (2002).
2010-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27515/1/MPRA_paper_27515.pdf
Fang, Zheng and Sakellariou, Chris (2010): Discrimination in the Equilibrium Search Model with Wage-Tenure Contracts.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27516
2019-09-29T07:47:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27516/
The Evolution of Gender Wage Differentials and Discrimination in Thailand: 1991-2007--An Application of Unconditional Quantile Regression
Adireksombat, Kampon
Fang, Zheng
Sakellariou, Chris
J71 - Discrimination
C31 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions ; Social Interaction Models
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
Using unconditional quantile regression combined with Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, we study the gender wage differentials over the whole distribution in Thailand from 1991 to 2007. A V-shape pattern of the overall gender gap is observed in each year, most attributable to the wage structure effect (“discrimination”), and persistent sticky floors are documented. We also develop a “double decomposition” method to analyze the over-time changes in gender wage gaps, and find that the degree of gender inequality in the Thai labor market has improved compared to the 1990s, while relative changes in characteristics explained only very small part of the total changes.
2010-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27516/1/MPRA_paper_27516.pdf
Adireksombat, Kampon and Fang, Zheng and Sakellariou, Chris (2010): The Evolution of Gender Wage Differentials and Discrimination in Thailand: 1991-2007--An Application of Unconditional Quantile Regression.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27715
2019-09-27T10:18:47Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433334
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27715/
Brecha Salarial en Uruguay
Borraz, Fernando
Robano, Cecilia
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
C34 - Truncated and Censored Models ; Switching Regression Models
This study applies the extension of the Machado and Mata (2005) decomposition developed by Albrecht, Vuuren y Vroman (2009) to analyze the gender wage gap in Uruguay. The wage gap is increasing the upper part suggesting a glass ceiling in Uruguay. We also find a positive selection effect.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27715/5/MPRA_paper_27715.pdf
Borraz, Fernando and Robano, Cecilia (2010): Brecha Salarial en Uruguay. Published in: Revista de Análisis Económico , Vol. 25, No. 1 (2010): pp. 49-77.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28539
2019-09-30T03:44:37Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3335
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28539/
Educational and occupational mobility across generations in India: social and regional dimensions
Ray, Jhilam
Majumder, Rajarshi
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
N35 - Asia including Middle East
J71 - Discrimination
I21 - Analysis of Education
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
Educational and Occupational Mobility is a cherished dream for all groups of people, more so for those who are at the bottom rungs of society. However, it is often seen that upward mobility is concentrated among the socially well-offs leading to divergence in educational attainment and occupational levels. Such divergence is reflected in earning capabilities as well, thereby aggravating the problems of economic and social inequality. The present paper examines the extent of intergenerational mobility in both educational and occupational attainments for diverse social groups in India to understand the inertia of inequality. A regional dimension is also explored to examine whether patterns are similar or otherwise across the country. Results indicate strong intergenerational stickiness in both educational achievement and occupational distribution among the backward social groups. Occupational mobility is lower than educational mobility indicating that educational progress is not being transformed to occupational improvement and brings up the possibility of discrimination in the labour market. Regional disparities in mobility levels indicate that states in India have had different social processes in force.
2010-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28539/4/MPRA_paper_28539.pdf
Ray, Jhilam and Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Educational and occupational mobility across generations in India: social and regional dimensions. Published in: Indian Journal of Labour Economics , Vol. 53, No. 4 (December 2010)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28668
2019-09-30T17:44:10Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28668/
Social Exclusion and Jobs Reservation in India
Borooah, Vani
J71 - Discrimination
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
K31 - Labor Law
This paper argues that social exclusion robs people of their "confidence" and this loss adversely affects their capacity to function effectively. We may not be able to define confidence precisely but we know it when we have it and also when we lack it. In a “just” society, no group should unfairly suffer from a “confidence deficit” or enjoy a “confidence surplus”. However, affirmative action policies to boost a deprived group's employment rate suffer from several defects. In particular, they may have only a small effect (as with Dalits in India) when the group's educational base is low. Consequently, another prong of policy could, indeed should, focus on improving the educational standards of Dalits. The root of the problem of poor Dalit achievement lies in the many dysfunctional primary and secondary schools in the villages and towns of India. Admittedly, tackling the problem at its roots will only yield results after a long delay. Nor does the emphasis on effective learning at school carry the glamour associated with being a putative graduate of the Indian Institute of Technology, the Indian Institute of Management, or the All-India Medical Institute. But, before the vast mass of educationally and economically deprived children in India (many of whom are Dalits) can meaningfully enter the portals of Universities and Institutes of Higher Education they need to go to good schools.
2010-12-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28668/1/MPRA_paper_28668.pdf
Borooah, Vani (2010): Social Exclusion and Jobs Reservation in India. Published in: Economic and Political Weekly , Vol. XLV, No. 52 (25 December 2010): pp. 31-35.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30801
2019-09-28T22:50:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3730
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30801/
Employer recruitment preferences and discrimination: a stated preference experiment
Mc Quaid, Ronald
Bergmann, Ariel
D30 - General
J71 - Discrimination
J70 - General
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
A14 - Sociology of Economics
This paper presents a novel approach of applying stated preference methods in the field of labour economics. Differences in behaviour and labour market disadvantage are connected to the presence, and ages of children, the so-called „family gap‟. There are major difficulties in collecting accurate information about the recruiting practices of employers and identifying their preferences towards different characteristics of new recruits. Employer answers to direct questions may not illicit reliable answers due to them having unconscious biases, confounding various potential employee characteristics, social or legal pressures on not appearing to be biased against certain types of potential employees or them practicing discrimination. This paper applies stated preference methods to identifying employer preferences to three sets of characteristics of potential recruits: age, gender and presence and age of their youngest child. This method is tested using face-to-face interviews with 52 firms. The results indicate that there are strong employer preferences against those: having childcare responsibilities for children aged under 5; and being over 50 years old. Employer preferences favour: those between the ages of 25 and 39; those with no childcare responsibilities; and women. This suggests that the influences of age, gender and children are crucial factor when discussing gender and labour demand.
2008-04-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30801/1/MPRA_paper_30801.pdf
Mc Quaid, Ronald and Bergmann, Ariel (2008): Employer recruitment preferences and discrimination: a stated preference experiment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32859
2019-09-30T12:45:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3431
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32859/
Discrimination in the equilibrium search model with wage-tenure contracts
Fang, Zheng
Sakellariou, Chris
J41 - Labor Contracts
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
This paper develops a discrimination search model with wage-tenure contracts to study race/gender differences in labor market outcomes. We find that based on the model: first, minority workers have a higher unemployment rate and a longer duration of unemployment; second, non-discriminating firms make higher profits than discriminating firms; third, the lowest acceptable wage for a minority worker is greater than that for a majority worker while the highest expected wage of a minority worker is lower; fourth, generally, on average minority workers earn less than majority workers and their wage increases more slowly than their counterparts’. In addition, our estimates show that productivity differences between blacks and whites (men and women) are 3% of whites (men’s) productivity, while 91% of firms are prejudiced towards black workers and 93% towards female workers. The distaste they hold toward blacks is about 70% of the productivity of whites and towards women it is 95% of male productivity.
2010-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32859/1/MPRA_paper_32859.pdf
Fang, Zheng and Sakellariou, Chris (2010): Discrimination in the equilibrium search model with wage-tenure contracts.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33332
2019-09-27T16:36:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3435
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3738
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433933
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33332/
Labor market discrimination of minorities? yes, but not in job offers
Bøg, Martin
Kranendonk, Erik
J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
J71 - Discrimination
J78 - Public Policy
C93 - Field Experiments
This paper presents evidence from a field experiment designed to evaluate the efficacy of anonymous application procedures. While the policy evaluation itself is of interest, more importantly the experiment provides a unique opportunity to detect race based differential treatment in a controlled market environment. Over a 6 month period we observe all applications sent in response to local public sector vacancies. We observe both the callback and the job oer decision. We compare decisions of recruiters when they can observe ethnic markers (control) with a treatment condition where ethnic markers are absent. We find a substantial differential in the callback decision. Interestingly, we do not find evidence for differential
treatment in the job offer decision. A follow up experiment provides indications that recruiters respond strategically to the announcement of the results of the first experiment.
2011-04-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33332/1/MPRA_paper_33332.pdf
Bøg, Martin and Kranendonk, Erik (2011): Labor market discrimination of minorities? yes, but not in job offers.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33607
2019-09-27T22:19:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33607/
Racial Disparities in Job Finding and Offered Wages
Fryer, Roland G.
Pager, Devah
Spenkuch, Jörg L.
J71 - Discrimination
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
The extent to which discrimination can explain racial wage gaps is one of the most divisive subjects in the social sciences. Using a newly available dataset, this paper develops a simple empirical test which, under plausible conditions, provides a lower bound on the extent of discrimination in the labor market. Taken at face value, our estimates imply that differential treatment accounts for at least one third of the black-white wage gap. We argue that the patterns in our data are consistent with a search-matching model in which employers statistically discriminate on the basis of race when hiring unemployed workers, but learn about their marginal product over time. However, we cannot rule out other forms of discrimination
2011-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33607/1/MPRA_paper_33607.pdf
Fryer, Roland G. and Pager, Devah and Spenkuch, Jörg L. (2011): Racial Disparities in Job Finding and Offered Wages.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35071
2019-09-26T12:16:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35071/
Impact of trade in services on gender employment in India
Banga, Rashmi
Bansal, Renu
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
J71 - Discrimination
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
J23 - Labor Demand
L60 - General
Trade in services has played a pivotal role in boosting economic growth of India. However, very few studies exist that trace its gender differential impacts. This study makes a pioneering attempt to estimate the impact of exports of services on gender employment in 46 sectors, which include 15 services sectors. Social Accounting Matrix has been used to generate gender employment multipliers and identify sectors where higher exports of services may lead to greater gender employment equality. Further, a primary survey is undertaken to capture the gender differential impact of trade in Information and Technology Enabled
Services. Policy implications to gender sensitise trade policy are derived from the results.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35071/1/MPRA_paper_35071.pdf
Banga, Rashmi and Bansal, Renu (2009): Impact of trade in services on gender employment in India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36242
2019-09-27T07:03:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36242/
Estimates of Wage Discrimination Against Workers with Sensory Disabilities, with Controls for Job Demands
CHOE, Chung
BALDWIN, Marjorie
J71 - Discrimination
I10 - General
We provide the first-ever estimates of wage discrimination against workers with sensory (hearing, speech, vision) disabilities. Workers with sensory disabilities have lower probabilities of employment and lower wages, on average, than nondisabled workers. Their poor labor market outcomes are explained, at least in part, by the negative productivity effects of sensory limitations in jobs that require good communication skills, but disability-related discrimination may also be a contributing factor.
To separate productivity vs. discrimination effects, we decompose the wage differential between workers with and without sensory disabilities into an ‘explained’ part attributed to differences in productivity-related characteristics, and an ‘unexplained’ part attributed to discrimination. The decomposition is based on human capital wage equations with controls for job-specific demands related to sensory abilities, and interactions between job demands and sensory limitations. The interactions are interpreted as measures of the extent to which a worker’s sensory limitations affect important job functions.
The results indicate approximately 1/3 (1/10) of the disability-related wage differential for men (women) is attributed to discrimination. The estimates are quite different from estimates of discrimination against workers with physical disabilities obtained by the same methods, underscoring the importance of accounting for heterogeneity of the disabled population in discrimination studies.
2011-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36242/1/MPRA_paper_36242.pdf
CHOE, Chung and BALDWIN, Marjorie (2011): Estimates of Wage Discrimination Against Workers with Sensory Disabilities, with Controls for Job Demands.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37167
2019-10-02T14:55:19Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37167/
School-to-work transitions in Europe: Paths towards a permanent contract
Garrouste, Christelle
Loi, Massimo
J60 - General
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J71 - Discrimination
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
In a context of intensive and global economic competition, European countries are growingly concerned with the consequences of increasing numbers of young people temporarily or permanently prevented from entering the job market and the difficulties faced by college and university graduates to find adequate employment. This study is concerned with analyzing the speed of transition of students to permanent employment as a proxy of professional stability, and by identifying possible discriminatory effects in selected countries. The research questions are addressed with a Cox survival model and a continuous-time Markov chain model where each individual can transit non-sequentially between the following Markov states: (1) education; (2) inactivity; (3)unemployment; (4) fixed-term/temporary employment; and (5) permanent employment (the 5th state being a non-absorbing steady state). The model is tested using the longitudinal ECHP data in thirteen EU member countries, over the period 1994-2001, controlling for individual and household characteristics and labour market characteristics (e.g., youth employment rate and share of temporary contracts). Overall, we find that the Mediterranean countries are the ones where the transition is the most hazardous both in terms of length and
number of steps, but that in other countries, the speed of convergence is not necessarily correlated to the number of spells at intermediate states. Moreover, we find that the gender discrimination that affected most of the countries at the beginning of the 1990s, faded away by the end of the decade, replaced by a positive discrimination in favour of the graduates from vocationally oriented programmes.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37167/1/MPRA_paper_37167.pdf
Garrouste, Christelle and Loi, Massimo (2011): School-to-work transitions in Europe: Paths towards a permanent contract. Published in: JRC Scientific and Technical Reports , Vol. JRC 67, No. 2011 (2011): pp. 1-52.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38129
2019-09-27T09:48:37Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3738
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3630
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3730
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38129/
Three essays on the economic and cultural integration of migrants in Switzerland: putting into perspective the influence of economic discrimination and of host society culture
Kohler, Pierre
F22 - International Migration
J71 - Discrimination
Z10 - General
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
J78 - Public Policy
Z12 - Religion
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J60 - General
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
J68 - Public Policy
J70 - General
This thesis consists of three essays on the economic and cultural integration of migrants in Switzerland, reverse causation between these two dimensions of the integration process, and the role of host society culture. Whereas each dimension is usually examined separately, this study proposes a systemic approach to investigate both the economic and cultural dimensions of migrant integration, their interaction as well as the influence of the broader social context.
Chapter 1 explores the cultural integration paths of eight migrant groups from the first to the second generation by tracing the evolution of selected behaviours and attitudes, which are taken as indicative of cultural integration. It gauges the extent to which behaviours and attitudes of migrants are diverging from or converging with those of natives.
Chapter 2 examines the causes of integration failures or, more precisely, how economic and cultural barriers to integration reinforce each other. Are cultural differences preventing the successful integration of migrants or does the root of integration failures lie in unequal economic opportunities and discrimination?
Chapter 3 investigates the effect of host society culture on migrant wage discrimination. It examines whether the markedly more conservative political preferences on issues related to migration and asylum of voters in the German-speaking region of Switzerland affect outcomes in the labour market, or whether economic interactions are immune from tensions developing in the society at
large.
2012
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38129/1/MPRA_paper_38129.pdf
Kohler, Pierre (2012): Three essays on the economic and cultural integration of migrants in Switzerland: putting into perspective the influence of economic discrimination and of host society culture. Published in: Thesis of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies No. 940 (2012): pp. 1-251.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38435
2019-09-28T19:00:04Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3433
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38435/
Ethnic diversity market structure and risk sharing in developing countries
Jellal, Mohamed
Zenou, Yves
J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
J71 - Discrimination
J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
The paper addresses mainly three questions. One, do workers tend to be employed by employers of the same ethnic group; two, what is the structure of the equilibrium wage contract, and three, do more ethnically homogeneous
labor markets tend to have different labor contracts than more ethnically diversified ones. The answer to the first question is in the affirmative - in equilibrium all employers offer the same wage contract and workers are hired by employers of the closest ethnic affiliation. In terms of the equilibrium wage contract, its nature depends on the attitude towards risk of both sides of the market.
Finally, the answer to the third question is also in the affirmative since the more homogenous the labor market, the more deterministic is the wage.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38435/1/MPRA_paper_38435.pdf
Jellal, Mohamed and Zenou, Yves (2006): Ethnic diversity market structure and risk sharing in developing countries. Published in: Research in Labor Economics No. Vol 24, 397-426
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39201
2019-09-29T19:03:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39201/
Social diversification, injustices, and Pareto optimality with non-binary preferences
Berdellima, Arian
Naqvi, Nadeem
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
J71 - Discrimination
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
We prove the existence of a Pareto optimal state of a finite society that has socially differentiated persons, each with non-binary personal preferences that quasi-order a finite set of alternatives. Everybody engages in a volitional act of choice by maximization of non-binary preferences. As a consequence of interpersonal interaction among social creatures, the social interaction outcome defined as belonging to a nonempty social maximal set exists, and thus is Pareto optimal. Injustices inflicted by one group of persons upon a socially distinct one, arising from social diversification, are, however, consistent with such a collective outcome. (95 words)
2012-06-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39201/1/MPRA_paper_39201.pdf
Berdellima, Arian and Naqvi, Nadeem (2012): Social diversification, injustices, and Pareto optimality with non-binary preferences.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39246
2019-09-26T22:49:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443130
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39246/
Sexual orientation and social exclusion in Italy
Botti, Fabrizio
D'Ippoliti, Carlo
J71 - Discrimination
D10 - General
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
B54 - Feminist Economics
This work explores the role of discrimination in shaping individuals’ lives and opportunities, with specific respect to sexual orientation. The role of sexual orientation in explaining earning differences has been increasingly emphasized in empirical literature on discrimination mainly as a result of the growing availability of data sources on gays and lesbian populations.
Available evidence predominantly converges on the one hand on the identification of discrimination treatments for gays and positive wage differential for lesbian women with respect to heterosexual counterparts. On the other hand, disagreement pervades interpretations of the predominant above-described labour market outcome. In trying to move beyond such conflicting views, we consider a holistic approach to social exclusion, defined as individuals’ ability to fully participate to social life by examining five domains: monetary poverty, labour market attachment, housing conditions, subjective well-being, and education.
Three samples of different waves of the Banca d’Italia “Survey on household income and wealth” (SHIW - 2006, 2008 and 2010) were pooled in order to perform the empirical analysis on a reasonably sized sample of heterosexual couples identified according to a cohabitation criteria. Following the SHIW characteristics and definition of household, we are able to differentiate homosexual couples belonging to a sub-population of out same-sex couples from those who are not openly out about their homosexual relationship.
We develop an understanding of social exclusion as a non-dichotomous concept (that is, one is not necessarily “included” or “excluded”, but a continuum of intermediate conditions exist) through fuzzy analysis techniques and develop a synthetic index of inclusion/exclusion as well as a number of partial indexes, composed of several variables pertaining to a certain domain.
Overall indicators of social exclusion are examined for the full sample and for the sub-sample of workers only, comparing individuals cohabiting in same-sex couples with heterosexual counterparts. Our results point out that a significant and non-negligible portion of the social exclusion suffered by lesbian and gay couples cannot be accounted for by observable factors and may therefore be attributed to the impact of discrimination. Coherently with the existing literature, we find a differentiated impact on gay men and lesbian couples. However, and possibly more relevantly, we also find significant differences between the couples of “out” homosexual individuals and those composed of “closeted” individuals.
2012-02-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39246/1/MPRA_paper_39246.pdf
Botti, Fabrizio and D'Ippoliti, Carlo (2012): Sexual orientation and social exclusion in Italy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39704
2019-09-28T22:00:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39704/
Stereotypes, segregation, and ethnic inequality
Yuki, Kazuhiro
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
J71 - Discrimination
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
Disparities in economic outcomes among different ethnic, racial, or religious groups
continue to be serious concerns in most economies. Relative economic standings of different
groups are rather persistent, although some groups initially in disadvantaged positions
successfully caught up with then-advantaged groups. Two obstacles, costly skill investment
and negative stereotypes or discriminations in the labor market, seem to distort investment
and sectoral decisions and slow down the economic progress of the disadvantaged.
How do these obstacles affect skill investment and sectoral choices of individuals of
different groups and the dynamics of their economic outcomes and inter-group inequality?
Is affirmative action necessary to significantly improve conditions of the disadvantaged, or
redistributive policies sufficient? In order to tackle these questions, this paper develops a
dynamic model of statistical discrimination and examines how initial economic standings
of groups and initial institutionalized discrimination affect subsequent dynamics.
2012-06-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39704/1/MPRA_paper_39704.pdf
Yuki, Kazuhiro (2012): Stereotypes, segregation, and ethnic inequality.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39862
2019-10-06T08:15:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39862/
Native-immigrant wage differentials in Greece: discrimination and assimilation
Chletsos, Michael
Roupakias, Stelios
J71 - Discrimination
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
Abstract: This paper applies the Blinder-Oaxaca methodology in order to decompose the average earnings differentials between Greek workers and different groups of immigrants. We use information about 8,429 individuals of which 1,185 are immigrants. The data are drawn from the Greek Labor Force Survey (2009). The main objective is to explore how much of the differential is explained by differences in observed characteristics. We also investigate the effect that assimilation has on the immigrants’ earnings. Our results provide empirical evidence that the part of the wage gap due to differences in the coefficients is largest for immigrants originating from non-EU countries and negative for those immigrants who terminated education in Greece.
2012-07-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39862/1/MPRA_paper_39862.pdf
Chletsos, Michael and Roupakias, Stelios (2012): Native-immigrant wage differentials in Greece: discrimination and assimilation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39940
2019-09-27T02:10:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39940/
Native-immigrant wage differentials in Greece: discrimination and assimilation
Chletsos, Michael
Roupakias, Stelios
J71 - Discrimination
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
This paper applies the Blinder-Oaxaca methodology in order to decompose the average earnings differentials between Greek workers and different groups of immigrants. We use information about 8,429 individuals of which 1,185 are immigrants. The data are drawn from the Greek Labor Force Survey (2009). The main objective is to explore how much of the differential is explained by differences in observed characteristics. We also investigate the effect that assimilation has on the immigrants’ earnings. Our results provide empirical evidence that the part of the wage gap due to differences in the coefficients is largest for immigrants originating from non-EU countries and negative for those immigrants who terminated education in Greece. Also, there is evidence that: (i) post-migration human capital is a significant determinant of immigrants earnings and (ii) human capital acquired in the countries of origin is not perfectly transferable.
2012-07-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39940/1/MPRA_paper_39940.pdf
Chletsos, Michael and Roupakias, Stelios (2012): Native-immigrant wage differentials in Greece: discrimination and assimilation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:40939
2019-10-01T13:17:18Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3335
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/
Intergenerational mobility in educational & occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India
Majumder, Rajarshi
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
N35 - Asia including Middle East
J71 - Discrimination
I21 - Analysis of Education
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
Discrimination against specific ethnic groups transcends the boundary of current generation and perpetuates across future generations as well. This is manifested as low Intergenerational Mobility in terms of both Education and Occupation in developing countries in general, and among specific ethnic groups within those countries in particular. The present paper examines the extent of intergenerational mobility in both educational and occupational attainments for diverse ethnic groups in India to understand the inertia of discrimination prevalent. Results indicate strong intergenerational stickiness in both educational achievement and occupational distribution among the scheduled castes and tribes who have been discriminated against historically. Occupational mobility is lower than educational mobility indicating that educational progress is not being transformed to occupational improvement and brings up the possibility of discrimination in the labour market. This also brings to fore the fact that historical discrimination and social exclusion have had a long run effect and the inertia is quite strong.
2010-09-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40939/1/MPRA_paper_40939.pdf
Majumder, Rajarshi (2010): Intergenerational mobility in educational & occupational attainment: a comparative study of social classes in India. Published in: Margin , Vol. 4, No. 4 (November 2010)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:42589
2019-09-30T15:01:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42589/
Mobility, wages and gender across Europe
Contreras, Dulce/D
Sánchez, Rosario/R
Soria, Delfina/D
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
In this paper, the socioeconomic and individual characteristics that favor mobility are analyzed. The stochastic frontier technique is used as an instrument of analysis to measure the differences that arise between the potential wage and the one that should be obtained for an individual with particular socioeconomic characteristics given his/her investment in human capital. A data panel of young workers who have been working at least for seven consecutive years is used for this analysis. The data set comes from the European Community Household Panel for the period 1995-2001. The results show that Spanish and Italian women have the higher changing probability; this high probability has a negative effect on the potential wage because it increases the gap between the potential and the observed wage.
2012-12-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42589/1/MPRA_paper_42589.pdf
Contreras, Dulce/D and Sánchez, Rosario/R and Soria, Delfina/D (2012): Mobility, wages and gender across Europe.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:43234
2019-09-26T08:45:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43234/
Further Examination of Potential Discrimination Among MLB Umpires
Tainsky, Scott
Mills, Brian
Winfree, Jason A.
J71 - Discrimination
We address potential racial bias by Major League Baseball umpires with respect to ball-strike calls. We offer a number of econometric specifications to test the robustness of the
results, adding the role of implicit and explicit monitoring as well as pitch location. Our analysis shows mixed results regarding the matching of umpire and pitcher race. We
conclude that evidence of own race bias is sensitive to specification and methodology. How results can differ based on different data sets, specifications, time periods and race classifications are discussed.
2012-12-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43234/1/MPRA_paper_43234.pdf
Tainsky, Scott and Mills, Brian and Winfree, Jason A. (2012): Further Examination of Potential Discrimination Among MLB Umpires.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:43543
2019-09-26T21:08:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43543/
Gender Discrimination in Hiring: Evidence from 19,130 Resumes in China
Zhou, Xiangyi
Zhang, Jie
Song, Xuetao
J71 - Discrimination
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
We study gender discrimination in hiring markets by sending 19,130 fictitious matched resumes in response to professional employment advertisements posted on major Internet employment boards in China for positions such as engineers, accountants, secretaries, and marketing professionals in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Wuhan, and Chengdu. Our results show that, in general, state-owned firms tend to prefer male applicants. Foreign and private firms tend to prefer female applicants. On one hand, this evidence supports the hypothesis that economic reform and the market economy may mitigate gender discrimination. On the other hand, this evidence is consistent with statistics that describe discrimination based on gender segregation and information asymmetry that originated with higher ratios of female workers in foreign and private firms. With respect to regional income disparity, we find that the differences in gender discrimination between first- and second-tier cities are not significant. This result indicates that economic reform exerts limited mitigation effect on discrimination. We also find no evidence of taste discrimination based on traditional son preference in China.
2013-01-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43543/1/MPRA_paper_43543.pdf
Zhou, Xiangyi and Zhang, Jie and Song, Xuetao (2013): Gender Discrimination in Hiring: Evidence from 19,130 Resumes in China.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44026
2019-09-26T08:02:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44026/
Ethno-Confessional Realities in the Romanian Area: Historical Perspectives (XVIII-XX centuries)
Brie, Mircea
Şipoş, Sorin
Horga, Ioan
F22 - International Migration
Z12 - Religion
J71 - Discrimination
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
Ethno-Confessional Realities in the Romanian Area: Historical Perspectives (XVII-XX Centuries)
This present collective volume, coordinated by Mircea Brie, Sorin Şipoş and Ioan Horga, contains the papers of the international conference Ethnicity, Confession and Intercultural Dialogue at the European Union’s East Border (workshop: Ethno-Confessional Realities in the Romanian Area: Historical Perspectives), held in Oradea between 2nd-5th of June 2011. This international conference, organized by Institute for Euroregional Studies Oradea-Debrecen, University of Oradea and Department of International Relations and European Studies, with the support of the European Commission and Bihor County Council, was an event run within the project of Action Jean Monnet Programme of the European Commission n. 176197-LLP-1-2010-1-RO-AJM-MO
Contents: Barbu ŞTEFĂNESCU: Foreword; Barbu ŞTEFĂNESCU: Confessionalisation and Community Sociability (Transylvania, 18th Century – First Half of the 19th Century); Ion GUMENÂI
Religious Minorities in Bessarabia during the -Reaction‖ of Nikolai I (The Case of Jewish Population); Eugen GHIŢĂ: Population, Ethnicity and Confession in the County of Arad in the Eighteenth Century and Early Nineteenth Century; Lavinia BUDA: “Oratory or the Rosary? a Nonexistent Controversy” in the Greek Catholic Church; Corneliu PĂDUREAN: Ethnic Groups and Denominations at Romania‘s Western Border in the Inter-War Period; Mircea BRIE: Ethnic Identity and the Issue of Otherness through Marriage in Northwest Transylvania (Second Half of the XIX - Early XX Century); István POLGÁR: The Thesis on the Historical Mission of Hungary in Central Europe and in the Balkans, and the Criticism Against it; Imola Katalin NAGY: Clashes of National Identities in Interwar Transylvania; Florentina CHIRODEA: Ethnic and Religious Structure Aspects from the Western Border of Great Romania. The Academy of Law Students in Oradea (1919-1934); Alina STOICA: The Image of Romania and the Romanians, the Portuguese Legation Perspective in Bucharest; Anca OLTEAN: Aspects from the Life of Romanian and Hungarian Jews during the Years 1945-1953; Sorin ŞIPOŞ: Silviu Dragomir and the North Roman Balkan Research in the Context of Romania’s New Political Realities; Cătălin TURLIUC: Nationalism, Multiculturalism and Minorities‘ Rights in the 20th Century Romania. Theoretical and Methodological Aspects; Orsolya NAGY-SZILVESZTER: Notions of Belonging in 20th-Century Romanian-German Literature; Gabriel MOISA: National Minorities in Romanian Press from Oradea. Interwar Period; Ivan DUMINICA: Romanian Historiography of the Emigration of the Bulgarians in Bessarabia at the Beginning of the Beginning 19th Century; Alexandr ROITMAN: The Process of Conversion of the Jewish Population of Bessarabia, into Christian from Mosaic Religion, in the XIXth Century; Arthur Viorel TULUŞ: The Germans from Southern Bessarabia (Bugeac). From Colonization to Repatrion; Cătălin NEGOIŢĂ: The Emmigration of the Muslim Element from Dobruja.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44026/1/MPRA_paper_44026.pdf
Brie, Mircea and Şipoş, Sorin and Horga, Ioan (2011): Ethno-Confessional Realities in the Romanian Area: Historical Perspectives (XVIII-XX centuries). Published in: This present collective volume, coordinated by Mircea Brie, Sorin Şipoş and Ioan Horga, contains the papers of the international conference held in Oradea between 2nd-5th of June 2011 (2011): pp. 1-319.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44795
2019-10-02T22:50:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3333
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3530
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44795/
A More Proactive Approach to Addressing Gender-related Employment Disparities in the United States
Graham, Mary E.
Hotchkiss, Julie L.
J33 - Compensation Packages ; Payment Methods
J50 - General
J71 - Discrimination
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a proactive public policy approach to complement
relatively reactive existing policies addressing gender-related employment disparities in the USA, and
to provide an initial empirical illustration of the proposal.
Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides a conceptual application of theories of total
quality management (TQM) to the topic of gender-related employment disparities, followed by an
empirical illustration using US Current Population Survey data and a gender equal employment
opportunity (EEO) scorecard.
Findings – Using the TQM framework, company outliers were conceptualized on the EEO scorecard
as “special” causes of economy-wide equal employment variation and the industries in which
companies are situated as “common” causes. The paper identifies two underperforming industries on
gender-related employment outcomes: Mining and Construction, and Transportation, Communication
and Utilities.
Research limitations/implications – Further conceptual work on the application of TQM to
gender disparities in employment is recommended. Also, the study considered broad industry
categories; future research should refine these categories further.
Practical implications – It is recommended that US enforcement agencies incorporate industry
considerations more explicitly into their activities. Employer insights may be beneficial to improving
equal employment opportunity performance at the industry level.
Originality/value – The application of TQM theory to the topic of gender-related employment
disparities is a novel approach that may motivate new public policies.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44795/1/MPRA_paper_44795.pdf
Graham, Mary E. and Hotchkiss, Julie L. (2009): A More Proactive Approach to Addressing Gender-related Employment Disparities in the United States. Published in: Gender in Management: an International Journal , Vol. 24, No. 8 (2009): pp. 577-595.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44877
2019-10-05T19:32:05Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44877/
Contemporary Ecumenism between Theologians’ Discourse and the Reality of Inter-confessional Dialogue. Case Study: Bihor
Brie, Mircea
F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy
J71 - Discrimination
Z12 - Religion
Religious freedom after 1989 would decisively contribute to changes in the religious structure. From a religious point of view, the fall of the communist regime meant the end of a time of abuse or interdictions for many people and communities. Discussing about ecumenism and interreligious or inter-confessional dialogue in Bihor is, according to current demographic realities, a need entailed by the ethno-confessional diversity and multiculturalism specific to the area. The great religious diversity has led not only to inter-community tensions but also to a better knowledge, a phenomenon that has finally led to dialogue and relationships. There is a visible tendency towards the realization of a unity in diversity, at the same time seeing the obstacles that exist in front of this vision. Beyond the energetic discourse of high Christian officials, contemporary ecumenism has several impediments imposed by the reality of some “small” local issues that have remained unsolved throughout years. Few times, these disputes have a theological understatement meant to prevent a genuine ecumenical dialogue.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44877/1/MPRA_paper_44877.pdf
Brie, Mircea (2009): Contemporary Ecumenism between Theologians’ Discourse and the Reality of Inter-confessional Dialogue. Case Study: Bihor. Published in: Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies No. 8, 24 (Winter 2009) (2009): pp. 257-283.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45036
2019-09-29T15:11:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433632
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45036/
Job Reservation and Intergenerational Transmission of Preferences
Chen, Hung-Ju
Sultana, Rezina
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
J71 - Discrimination
This paper examines the effects of compensatory-discrimination policies in a caste-based segregated economy where some high-paid positions in a certain industry are reserved for low-caste insiders as a consequence of the implementation of the policies. Cultural attitudes towards preferences for work-loving and leisure-loving traits evolve endogenously. The economy will converge to the efficient (inefficient) equilibrium with larger (smaller) fractions of work lovers among the insider and outsider populations if the profits in the industry with the purview of the reservation policy are sufficiently low (high) or the profits in the industry without the purview of the reservation policy are sufficiently high (low). Changes in the degree of compensatory-discrimination policies will affect the dynamics for insiders and outsiders differently.
2013-03-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45036/1/MPRA_paper_45036.pdf
Chen, Hung-Ju and Sultana, Rezina (2013): Job Reservation and Intergenerational Transmission of Preferences.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45838
2019-09-26T15:36:09Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3030
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3832
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3833
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45838/
Pragmatic identity and alterity in political discourse
Boicu, Ruxandra
J00 - General
J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor
J20 - General
J23 - Labor Demand
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
J7 - Labor Discrimination
J71 - Discrimination
J8 - Labor Standards: National and International
J82 - Labor Force Composition
J83 - Workers' Rights
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
The article analyzes a sample of political discourse, namely the speech entitled “We Want Our Country Back”, delivered by the British nationalist, MEP, Ashley Mote. In the communication situation, the audience is made up of conservative, right-wing politicians or supporters, mainly readers of the nationalist “Right Now” magazine. The politician utterer interacts both with the interlocutors present, considered to share the speaker’s national and religious identity and with potential interlocutors that may embody a rejected alterity.
The article quotes Mote’s words in order to demonstrate how the politician’s identity is negotiated in discourse through the interplay of hypostases of identity and alterity. Their linguistic manifestations are occurrences of personal deixis and the pragmatic roles that the utterer attributes to himself and to his interlocutors.
In political discourse, there is a deep-going opposition between “I”/”We” and “They”. In fact, the relationship is more complex, but it can be reduced to the politician’s acceptance of his allies’ alterity and rejection of his opponents’ alterity.
As to the pragmatic roles assigned by the utterer, they make up a ‘drama’ in discourse and the latter becomes the battlefield for power: the persuasive power that relies on the illocutionary forces released by the macro-speech act which a political speech stands for.
2007-02-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45838/1/MPRA_paper_45838.pdf
Boicu, Ruxandra (2007): Pragmatic identity and alterity in political discourse. Published in: University of Bucharest Review, A Journal of Literary and Cultural Studies , Vol. Vol IX, No. no. 4/2007 : pp. 76-83.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45913
2019-09-26T08:12:38Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413133
7375626A656374733D46:4636
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463634
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463636
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45913/
Modal verbs and politeness strategies in political discourse
Boicu, Ruxandra
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization
F64 - Environment
F66 - Labor
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J7 - Labor Discrimination
J71 - Discrimination
ABSTRACT
This research consists in the analysis of one of Ashley Mote’s political speeches, from the point of view of the speaker’s use of the modal verbs that contribute to the mitigation or the aggravation of the illocutionary forces released by the speech acts they belong to. The analysis focuses on the two main semantic values of modal verbs in English, the epistemic and the deontic. Mote’s discursive strategies are mainly underlain by directive speech acts, due to their ”competitive” character (Leech 1983), while ”convivial” acts (commissive and expressive) are not manifest in his speech. According to Searle, commissive acts can be successful only if the speaker meets the preliminary condition of credibility. The politician’s independent status does not enable him to perform successful commissive acts.
In exchange, in his speech all the directive acts that contain modal verbs are potential face-threatening acts.
By their intrinsic meaning, modal verbs attenuate the illocutionary force of the directive speech acts in both ways. Due to context, their pragmatic meaning either mitigates this force through positive or negative politeness (Brown and Levinson 1987) or aggravates it using the same resources.
The same speech act may mitigate and so protect Mote’s political allies faces, while aggravating and so damaging his political opponents’ faces. There is an interesting control of the modals meaning gradation, in the analyzed text.
2007-12-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45913/1/MPRA_paper_45913.pdf
Boicu, Ruxandra (2007): Modal verbs and politeness strategies in political discourse. Published in: Analele Universităţii din Bucureşti (Limbi şi literaturi străine) , Vol. LVII, No. 1/2008 (2008): pp. 15-28.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:46730
2019-10-03T22:32:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46730/
Difference in salary among science Doctorate
Ceesay, Ebrima K
J71 - Discrimination
Abstract
The paper examined the salary difference among science Doctorates for 2004 and 2006.The variation of certain factors such as experience, gender, marital status, Publication, Presentation, hiring and difference in sciences faculties (like natural sciences, social sciences etc.) leads to differences in salary at the end of the doctorate program. The model found out that male and female have different salary due factors such as early marriage, child bearing and household responsibility reduced female salary than its male counterpart even though they all have the same Doctorates. By using factors influences the salary difference, we see despite the entire above determinant, geographic region also play roles for salary difference among sciences doctorate. For example, African pays more economics student than Medical student, but we can see American pays more on Medical students than Economics student. Overall, the result found out that doctorate candidates completed in 2004 there is statistically evidence that there will be salary differences than candidates graduated in 2006.
2012-06-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46730/8/MPRA_paper_46730.pdf
Ceesay, Ebrima K (2012): Difference in salary among science Doctorate.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:47201
2019-09-28T00:12:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443835
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D59:5934:593430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47201/
Applications in Agent-Based Computational Economics
Schuster, Stephan
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
J71 - Discrimination
Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)
A constituent feature of adaptive complex system are non-linear feedback mechanisms between actors. This makes it often difficult to model and analyse them. Agent-based Computational Economics (ACE) uses computer simulation methods to represent such systems and analyse non-linear processes.
The aim of this thesis is to explore ways of modelling adaptive agents in ACE models. Its major contribution is of a methodological nature. Artificial intelligence and machine learning methods are used to represent agents and learning processes in ACE models.
In this work, a general reinforcement learning framework is developed and realised in a simulation system. This system is used to implement three models of increasing complexity in two different economic domains. One of these domains are iterative games in which agents meet repeatedly and interact. In an experimental labour market, it is shown how statistical discrimination can be generated simply by means of the learning algorithm used. The aim of this model is mainly to illustrate the features of the learning framework. The results resemble actual patterns of observed human behaviour in laboratory settings. The second model treats strategic network formation. The main contribution here is to show how agent-based modelling helps to analyse non-linearity that is introduced when assumptions of perfect information and full rationality are relaxed. The other domain has a Health Economics background. The aim here is to provide insights of how the approach might be useful in real-world applications. For this, a general model of primary care is developed, and the implications of different consumer behaviour (based on the learning features introduced before) analysed.
2012-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47201/1/MPRA_paper_47201.pdf
Schuster, Stephan (2012): Applications in Agent-Based Computational Economics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48000
2019-09-27T05:44:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3833
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48000/
Race and Marriage in the Labor Market: A Discrimination Correspondence Study in a Developing Country
Arceo-Gomez, Eva O.
Campos-Vázquez, Raymundo M.
J12 - Marriage ; Marital Dissolution ; Family Structure ; Domestic Abuse
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
J7 - Labor Discrimination
J71 - Discrimination
J83 - Workers' Rights
O54 - Latin America ; Caribbean
In Mexico, as in most Latin American countries with indigenous populations, it is commonly believed that European phenotypes are preferred to mestizo or indigenous phenotypes. However, it is hard to test for such racial biases in the labor market using official statistics since race can only be inferred from native language. Moreover, employers may think that married females have lower productivity, and hence they may be more reluctant to hire them. We are interested in testing both hypotheses through a field experiment in the labor market. The experiment consisted on sending fictitious curriculums (CVs) responding to job advertisements with randomized information of the applicants. The CVs included photographs representing three distinct phenotypes: Caucasian, mestizo and indigenous. We also randomly vary marital status across gender and phenotype. Hence, our test consists on finding whether there are significant differences in the callback rates. We find that females have 40 percent more callbacks than males. We also find that indigenous looking females are discriminated against, but the effect is not present for males. Interestingly, married females are penalized in the labor market and this penalty is higher for indigenous-looking women. We did not find an effect of marital status on males.
2013-06-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48000/1/MPRA_paper_48000.pdf
Arceo-Gomez, Eva O. and Campos-Vázquez, Raymundo M. (2013): Race and Marriage in the Labor Market: A Discrimination Correspondence Study in a Developing Country.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49392
2019-09-26T13:53:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433933
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49392/
Searching for a job is a beauty contest
Busetta, Giovanni
Fiorillo, Fabio
Visalli, Emanuela
C93 - Field Experiments
J71 - Discrimination
The paper deals with the impact of beauty on employability of people, stressing the first stage of the hiring process.
In particular, we studied if there exists a preference for attractive candidates and if it does whether it depends on sex, physical features and racial characteristics.
We monitored all relevant agencies offering jobs in Italy from August 2011 to September 2012 sending 11008 CVs to 1542 advertised job openings. To do so, we construct fake CVs and we sent the same CV 8 times, changing only name and surname, address, and the photo included. In particular, we sent 4 CVs with photo of an attractive and unattractive man and women, and 4 CVs without photo of an Italian and a foreign men and women to each job opening.
Callbacks rates are statistically significant higher for attractive women and men than unattractive ones. Racial discrimination appears to be statistically relevant, but less than discrimination based on the physical features, especially for women.
2013-08-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49392/2/MPRA_paper_49392.pdf
Busetta, Giovanni and Fiorillo, Fabio and Visalli, Emanuela (2013): Searching for a job is a beauty contest.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49645
2019-10-06T05:05:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3638
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3738
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49645/
МИГРАЦИОННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В ВЫБОРГСКОМ РАЙОНЕ ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ: СОСТОЯНИЕ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТИ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ
Drobot, Elena
Shlepova, Kristina
Lisyanskay, Victoria
Prohorenko, Valeria
Eugene, Legatov
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J68 - Public Policy
J71 - Discrimination
J78 - Public Policy
The research work contains analisys of migration processes in Leningrad region and Vyborg. It also contains results of sociological head count of local population attitude towards migrants.
2013-09-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49645/1/MPRA_paper_49645.pdf
Drobot, Elena and Shlepova, Kristina and Lisyanskay, Victoria and Prohorenko, Valeria and Eugene, Legatov (2013): МИГРАЦИОННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В ВЫБОРГСКОМ РАЙОНЕ ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ: СОСТОЯНИЕ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТИ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49825
2019-10-02T04:38:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433933
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49825/
Searching for a job is a beauty contest
Busetta, Giovanni
Fiorillo, Fabio
Visalli, Emanuela
C93 - Field Experiments
J71 - Discrimination
The paper deals with the impact of beauty on employability of people, stressing the first stage of the hiring process.
In particular, we studied if there exists a preference for attractive candidates and if it does whether it depends on sex, physical features and racial characteristics.
We monitored all relevant agencies offering jobs in Italy from August 2011 to September 2012 sending 11008 CVs to 1542 advertised job openings. To do so, we construct fake CVs and we sent the same CV 8 times, changing only name and surname, address, and the photo included. In particular, we sent 4 CVs with photo of an attractive and unattractive man and women, and 4 CVs without photo of an Italian and a foreign men and women to each job opening.
Callbacks rates are statistically significant higher for attractive women and men than unattractive ones. Racial discrimination appears to be statistically relevant, but less than discrimination based on the physical features, especially for women.
2013-08-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49825/10/MPRA_paper_49825.pdf
Busetta, Giovanni and Fiorillo, Fabio and Visalli, Emanuela (2013): Searching for a job is a beauty contest.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:50432
2019-09-27T10:30:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50432/
A Partner in Crime: Assortative Matching and Bias in the Crime Market
Gavrilova, Evelina
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
J71 - Discrimination
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
In this paper I analyze partnership formation within the property crime market in the United States. I develop a static matching model, in which a criminal forms a partnership with a counterpart with the same probability of success. Using individual arrest data from the National Incident Based Reporting System, I pinpoint matches where the underlying ability of two partners differ. This difference in ability is correlated to observable characteristics, making the case for discrimination. By comparing the regression results to success means for the same demographic groups, I find patterns consistent with discrimination. Beside the patterns of gender and racial segregation, I find that in white-black matches, blacks outperform whites, consistent with success means. In male-female matches the female's success realization is higher than the male's, contrary to the difference in success means, where males on average outperform females, hinting at a distaste premium.
2013-10-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50432/1/MPRA_paper_50432.pdf
Gavrilova, Evelina (2013): A Partner in Crime: Assortative Matching and Bias in the Crime Market.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:50875
2019-10-01T22:08:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50875/
The Generational Perspective of Gender Gap and Discrimination in Southern Europe
Castellano, Rosalia
Punzo, Gennaro
Rocca, Antonella
I24 - Education and Inequality
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
J71 - Discrimination
The paper aims at investigating gender differentials in education and wage across four developed countries of southern Europe (Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain), taking
into account the generational transmission of preferences and some peculiarities of gender equality policies implemented in each national legislative framework. More precisely, a set of α-indexes – which reflect the whole wage and educational distributions of women – is computed to explore the different extent to which these gaps can be attributed to discrimination. Country-specific differentials are sketched and the often controversial role of national contexts in shaping gender discrimination is discussed.
2012-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50875/1/MPRA_paper_50875.pdf
Castellano, Rosalia and Punzo, Gennaro and Rocca, Antonella (2012): The Generational Perspective of Gender Gap and Discrimination in Southern Europe.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:50911
2019-09-28T16:45:57Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50911/
Diagnoza postaw mieszkańców Białegostoku w zakresie tolerancji
Poleszczuk, Jan
Sztop-Rutkowska, Katarzyna
Kiszkiel, Łukasz
Klimczuk, Andrzej
Mejsak, Rafał Julian
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
J71 - Discrimination
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Celem projektu jest dostarczenie rzetelnej i praktycznej wiedzy z zakresu postaw mieszkańców Białegostoku w zakresie tolerancji. Podjęta diagnoza umożliwia kształtowanie polityki społecznej miasta w zakresie przeciwdziałania nietolerancji, jak również umożliwienie administracji dopasowanie odpowiednich instrumentów polityki społecznej do konkretnych grup docelowych. Na podstawie badania wskazane zostały grupy społeczne o podwyższonym stopniu nietolerancyjności.
*
The aim of the project is to provide a thorough and practical knowledge on the attitudes of the inhabitants of Bialystok within tolerance. Taken diagnosis allows the formation of social policy in dealing with intolerance, as well as to enable the government matching of appropriate instruments of social policy to specific target groups. On the basis of the study - groups with a higher degree of intolerance are indicated.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50911/1/MPRA_paper_50911.pdf
Poleszczuk, Jan and Sztop-Rutkowska, Katarzyna and Kiszkiel, Łukasz and Klimczuk, Andrzej and Mejsak, Rafał Julian (2013): Diagnoza postaw mieszkańców Białegostoku w zakresie tolerancji. Published in: (2013): pp. 1-49.
pl
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51085
2019-10-13T04:52:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51085/
Stereotypes, segregation, and ethnic inequality
Yuki, Kazuhiro
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
J71 - Discrimination
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
Disparities in economic conditions among different ethnic, racial, or religious groups continue to be
serious concerns in most economies. Relative standings of different groups are rather persistent, although
some groups initially in disadvantaged positions successfully caught up with then-advantaged groups. Two
obstacles, costly skill investment and negative stereotypes or discrimination in the labor market, seem to
distort investment and sectoral choices, give rise to skill and labor market segregations by ethnicity, and slow
down the progress of disadvantaged groups.
How do these obstacles affect skill investment and sectoral choices of different groups and the dynamics of
their economic outcomes and inter-group inequality? Is affirmative action necessary to significantly improve
conditions of subordinate groups, or redistributive policies sufficient? In order to tackle these questions, this
paper develops a dynamic model of statistical discrimination and examines how initial economic standings
of groups and initial institutionalized discrimination affect subsequent dynamics and long-run outcomes.
2013-10-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51085/8/MPRA_paper_51085.pdf
Yuki, Kazuhiro (2013): Stereotypes, segregation, and ethnic inequality.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51503
2019-09-27T08:19:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3730
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51503/
Male-Female Labor Market Participation and the Extent of Gender-Based Wage Discrimination in Turkey
Günalp, Burak
Cilasun, Seyit Mümin
Acar, Elif Öznur
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J70 - General
J71 - Discrimination
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
A gender differential in wages is considered to be discriminatory if the differential cannot be explained by gender differences in productivity. Numerous studies have been performed to measure the extent of gender wage discrimination in countries across the world, and most report a substantial amount of wage differential after adjusting for productivity differences. This differential has been attributed to labor market
discrimination against women. Using data from 2003 and 2010 Household Budget Surveys conducted by Turkish Statistical Institute, this study examines the male-female earnings differentials and measures the extent of pay discrimination in Turkey. To analyze the components of the earnings gap, two methodologies are employed: The standard Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition method and the Juhn–Murphy–Pierce decomposition method. The results of the study indicate that in both years, a significant portion of the observed wage differential is attributable to wage discrimination which records a rise over the period.
2013-11-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51503/1/MPRA_paper_51503.pdf
Günalp, Burak and Cilasun, Seyit Mümin and Acar, Elif Öznur (2013): Male-Female Labor Market Participation and the Extent of Gender-Based Wage Discrimination in Turkey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:53581
2019-09-29T08:17:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53581/
When Are Appearances Deceiving? The Nature of the Beauty Premium
Deryugina, Tatyana
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
We design a laboratory experiment to illuminate the channels through which relatively more attractive individuals receive higher wages. Specifically, we are able to distinguish taste-based discrimination from rational statistical discrimination and biased beliefs. Using three realistic worker tasks to increase the external validity of our results, we find that the “beauty premium” is highly task-specific: while relatively more attractive workers receive higher wage bids in a bargaining task, there is no such premium in either an analytical task or a data entry task. The premium in the bargaining task is driven by biased beliefs about worker performance. We find that there is substantial learning after worker- specific performance information is revealed, highlighting the importance of accounting for longer-run interactions in studies of discrimination.
2013-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53581/1/MPRA_paper_53581.pdf
Deryugina, Tatyana (2013): When Are Appearances Deceiving? The Nature of the Beauty Premium.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:53835
2019-09-28T01:52:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433231
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53835/
Overview of Firm-Size and Gender Pay Gaps in Turkey: The Role of Informal Employment
Akar, Gizem
Balkan, Binnur
Tumen, Semih
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
This paper documents two new facts linking firm-size and gender pay gaps to informal employment using micro-level data from Turkey. First, we show that the firm-size wage gap, defined as larger firms paying higher wages to observationally equivalent workers, is greater for informal employment than formal employment. And, second, we find that the gender pay gap is constant across different firm-size categories for formal employment, while it is a decreasing function of firm size for informal employment. These two facts jointly suggest that the informality status of a job is a valuable source of information in understanding the underlying forces determining firm-size and gender wage gaps. We propose and discuss the relevance of alternative mechanisms that might be generating these facts.
2014-02-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53835/1/MPRA_paper_53835.pdf
Akar, Gizem and Balkan, Binnur and Tumen, Semih (2014): Overview of Firm-Size and Gender Pay Gaps in Turkey: The Role of Informal Employment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:54516
2024-03-28T00:40:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3335
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54516/
Structural Change or Social Fluidity? Examining Intergenerational Mobility in Education in India
Ray, Jhilam
Majumder, Rajarshi
I20 - General
I21 - Analysis of Education
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
J71 - Discrimination
N35 - Asia including Middle East
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
Capability formation through education is crucial in a competitive world to reap so called demographic dividend. Parental influence on children’s educational level is a reality that often hinders such progress. In a diverse society like India it is also important to examine how social background influences intergenerational educational mobility and what part of observed mobility is due to structural changes in the society and what part is due to exchange of ‘places’ between people from different social strata or social fluidity. This paper uses current econometric techniques to explore these issues in Indian context over the last two decades
2013-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54516/1/MPRA_paper_54516.pdf
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54516/7/MPRA_paper_54516.pdf
Ray, Jhilam and Majumder, Rajarshi (2013): Structural Change or Social Fluidity? Examining Intergenerational Mobility in Education in India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:54872
2019-09-26T10:41:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54872/
What is the role of female labour in Sikkim farming sector?
Dwivedy, Nidhi
J71 - Discrimination
The present work has analyzed the existing information about the role of female labour in farming sector in the rural area of Sikkim in North- Eastern India, which covers broadly- gender participation/decision making in crop production and animal husbandry & related activities, possession & gender-wise ownership of domestic animals/land
and the extent of accessibility to production resources of sample female farmers. Social science research in the state of Sikkim is inadequate despite several incentives provided by the state government. Nowadays, with voluminous amount of public expenditure on women empowerment schemes, we cannot ignore this issue thus making it unavoidable to empower them also with the intention to fully utilize their caliber in this field. Keeping this in mind, data was collected from 230 female farmers through interviews using a pre-designed schedule from 24 circles from all the four districts of Sikkim State. Based on their subjective judgments, female farmer’s role in farming has been measured and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Some descriptive statistics, such as percentage as well as one sample t-test of inferential statistics is used to interpret the data.Results pertaining to these findings have been discussed in this PPT.
2014-01-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54872/1/MPRA_paper_54872.pdf
Dwivedy, Nidhi (2014): What is the role of female labour in Sikkim farming sector?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55142
2019-09-26T08:24:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463136
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463631
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463636
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55142/
Globalized markets, globalized information, and female employment: accounting for regional differences in 30 OECD countries
Fischer, Justina A.V.
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
F61 - Microeconomic Impacts
F66 - Labor
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
J71 - Discrimination
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
Accounting for within-country spatial differences is a neglected aspect in many cross-country comparisons. This paper highlights this importance in this empirical analysis of the impact of a country’s degree of informational and economic globalization on female employment in 30 OECD countries, using a micro pseudo panel of 110’000 persons derived from five waves of repeated cross-sections from the World Values Survey, 1981 to 2008. I conjecture that informational globalization affects societal values and perceived economic opportunities, while economic globalization impacts actual economic opportunities. A traditional cross-country analysis suggests that the informational dimension of globalization but not the economic one increases the probability of employment for women – contradicting the Becker (1957)-hypothesis of international competition mitigating discrimination in employment. However, accounting for sub-national regional gender heterogeneity reveals that the impact of worldwide information exchange works rather at the regional level, while economic globalization (trade) increases female employment in general.
2014-04-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55142/1/MPRA_paper_55142.pdf
Fischer, Justina A.V. (2014): Globalized markets, globalized information, and female employment: accounting for regional differences in 30 OECD countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:57884
2019-10-08T20:51:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3832
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57884/
Social psychology and gender efficiency wage gap
Jellal, Mohamed
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J7 - Labor Discrimination
J71 - Discrimination
J82 - Labor Force Composition
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
Our paper introduces the dimension of social psychology in a model of efficiency wages and gender diversity. In this context, we show that women earn lower wages than men but provide in return relatively less effort. Therefore in order to increase women's productivity, the firm increases their level of employment. In our efficiency-wage theory, women’s lower wages is explained by assuming that efficiency-wages function for women are believed to be different from those of men. This could be the case if the firm believes that women do not react with more effort to higher wages because they are not work career oriented, so it might not be worth it to pay them high wages. In that case, firms would employ more women for the minimum possible wage. This assumption can be based on stereotypes describing about women as more averse to wage competition pressure than men and less career oriented.
2014-08-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57884/1/MPRA_paper_57884.pdf
Jellal, Mohamed (2014): Social psychology and gender efficiency wage gap.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:57964
2019-10-04T15:25:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57964/
The Impact of the Crisis of 2008 on Women`s and Men`s Income in Mexico
Becker, Julia-Maria
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
O54 - Latin America ; Caribbean
In a world that gets more and more connected every day, and where countries interact on global markets with a frequency like never before, an economic crisis has an effect with a
reach much wider than some years ago. Little is known for the Mexican case about the impact of the crisis of 2008 on labor income and worked hours for the whole economically active population, individuals working in different sectors, and commonly considered highly vulnerable groups
like women or single mothers. I use a difference-in-differences estimator to measure the impact of the crisis on the labor income and worked hours of Mexican women and men working in different sectors.The following investigation has three main strings: 1. I will provide evidence that the crisis of 2008 had an impact on labor income and worked hours; 2. I will show that different
regions and sectors in Mexico were affected differently; 3. I distinguish the impact between women and men, and focus on single mothers.
2014-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57964/1/MPRA_paper_57964.pdf
Becker, Julia-Maria (2014): The Impact of the Crisis of 2008 on Women`s and Men`s Income in Mexico.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:59060
2019-10-09T16:49:17Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59060/
Y-a-t-il une discrimination salariale à l'encontre des migrants d'origine Africaine en France ?
Hammouda, Nacer-Eddine
Souag, ali
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J71 - Discrimination
This study aims to better understand the phenomena of discrimination in the labor market. Based on data from the Labour Force Survey conducted by INSEE in 2007, the idea is to determine whether the variable African national origin, supposedly without affecting productivity in employment, nevertheless affect salary. Our results fall within a variable position depending on the origin in the labor market and show that African migrants are more likely to be unemployed compared to other segments of the French population. Moreover, the share of African labor force occupying self-employment is relatively small compared to other forces at work. Differences in the professional profiles of employees have been put forward, but no job insecurity has been shown to a particular group of employees. It is also shown that the African migrants are paid less than employees of French origin, while other migrants paid more than the French descendant of French.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59060/3/MPRA_paper_59060.pdf
Hammouda, Nacer-Eddine and Souag, ali (2011): Y-a-t-il une discrimination salariale à l'encontre des migrants d'origine Africaine en France ? Published in: Les migrations Africaines : Droits et politiques (2011): pp. 99-119.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:59866
2019-10-18T16:55:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59866/
Labour market outcomes in the Roma population of Spain
Aisa, Rosa
Larramona, Gemma
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J71 - Discrimination
The aim of this paper is to identify the drivers of labor market outcomes for the Spanish Roma population. Our analysis reveals that discrimination and education have an influence on the labor market outcomes of this ethnic group, and social networks also play a key role, via ethnic and cross-ethnic social contacts and family background. Discrimination and family background have a significant effect on unemployment rates of this population, while education and ethnic social contacts have an important influence on the levels of self-employment.
2014-11-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59866/1/MPRA_paper_59866.pdf
Aisa, Rosa and Larramona, Gemma (2014): Labour market outcomes in the Roma population of Spain.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:60572
2019-09-27T02:30:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60572/
Labor Mobility and Racial Discrimination
Deschamps, Pierre
De Sousa, Jose
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
J71 - Discrimination
This paper assesses the impact of labor mobility on racial discrimination. We present an equilibrium search model that reveals an inverted U-shaped relationship between labor mobility and race-based wage differentials. We explore this relationship empirically with an exogenous mobility shock on the European soccer labor market. The Bosman ruling by the European Court of Justice in 1995 lifted restrictions on soccer player mobility. Using a panel of all clubs in the English first division from 1981 to 2008, we compare the pre- and post-Bosman ruling market to identify the causal effect of intensified mobility on race-based wage differentials. Consistent with a taste-based explanation, we find evidence that increasing labor market mobility decreases racial discrimination.
2014
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60572/1/MPRA_paper_60572.pdf
Deschamps, Pierre and De Sousa, Jose (2014): Labor Mobility and Racial Discrimination.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:61628
2019-09-27T21:28:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61628/
Do services reduce gender inequality in labor markets? The service sector, knnowledge-intensive services and the gender pay gap
Dueñas, Diego
Iglesias, Carlos
Llorente, Raquel
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
The expansion of services and the dissemination of information technologies and communication are identified as important factors that can improve employment opportunities for women, reducing labor by gender differences. The objective of the study is to determine the extent to which services and especially those most closely linked with the knowledge and ICTs such as Knowledge Intensive Services (KIS) are changing some of the basics of labor gender differences. To do it: a), we first measure and characterize employment related with Services and KIS; b), to compare thenn existing wage differentials in these activities with the observed in the whole economy; c), and conclude whether the Services and / or KIS introduce some significant improvement.
2014-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61628/1/MPRA_paper_61628.pdf
Dueñas, Diego and Iglesias, Carlos and Llorente, Raquel (2014): Do services reduce gender inequality in labor markets? The service sector, knnowledge-intensive services and the gender pay gap.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:63374
2019-09-28T10:32:24Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63374/
Todo el mundo es país. Rapporto col proprio lavoro e percezione della discriminazione nella popolazione immigrata
Pietravalle, Lorenzo
Savioli, Marco
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
J71 - Discrimination
Relevant incoming immigration flows to Italy are novel for a country that has been source of emigrants for a long time. Immigrants are often discriminated against in housing, education, health and work. The perceptive aspect (how much immigrants actually feel discriminated) reveals the inner world of the stranger, a world made of priorities which absorb a huge emotional investment, given her/his unstable situation. Work, in absence of other agencies of socialization, takes on a strategic role and is used on many fronts to manage material and emotional needs.
220 questionnaires to the immigrant population in Rimini were conducted. A strong negative relationship between level of job satisfaction and level of perceived discrimination emerged. Therefore, work is invested emotionally, not only financially. Work is the link with the host society, both for economic benefits and for the investment undertaken prior to the time of departure from the country of origin. In other words, work is what a person asks and is expected to have by the host country, it is the reason why an immigrant is required. In the absence of a plurality of shared cultural aspects, work is the main meeting ground between individuals belonging to societies with different histories.
2010-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63374/1/MPRA_paper_63374.pdf
Pietravalle, Lorenzo and Savioli, Marco (2010): Todo el mundo es país. Rapporto col proprio lavoro e percezione della discriminazione nella popolazione immigrata. Published in: Sistemaeconomico No. 3 (March 2010): pp. 37-54.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:63648
2019-10-11T11:48:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3730
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63648/
Existence of Structural Disadvantage among socio-religious groups: Is it a reality? An Analysis of Indian Labour Market
DSOUZA, ALWIN
SINGH, SUDERSHAN
RANJAN, RAHUL
J30 - General
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J70 - General
J71 - Discrimination
The labour market in India has been segmented into a formal and informal sector. More than 85% of the labour force is engaged in the informal sector. Since the informal sector does not follow labour laws such as provisions of minimum wage and social security, there is enough scope for differential treatment against certain weaker sections of society. We term this differential treatment as structural disadvantage. In this paper, we find that structural disadvantage against ST/SC Hindus relative to Upper class Hindus and Upper class Hindus relative to that of Other religious minorities does exist in India. But is non-existent against Muslims given our specification. What is a cause for worry is that the dis-advantage against ST/SCs Hindus has been increasing overtime whereas against Upper Hindus has considerably fallen. Increase in better quality of middle and higher education along with more reservations for ST/SCs in education and in formal labour markets can go a long way to abate the the magnitude of structural dis-advantage.
2015-01-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63648/1/MPRA_paper_63648.pdf
DSOUZA, ALWIN and SINGH, SUDERSHAN and RANJAN, RAHUL (2015): Existence of Structural Disadvantage among socio-religious groups: Is it a reality? An Analysis of Indian Labour Market.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:63723
2019-10-08T22:20:04Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3038
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3138
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3738
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63723/
The Employment Impact of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Grimes, Paul W.
Register, Charles A.
J08 - Labor Economics Policies
J18 - Public Policy
J71 - Discrimination
J78 - Public Policy
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the macro employment effects of the federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act as amended. The results indicate mixed effects on the legislation on older workers and workers of traditional retirement age.
1987
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63723/1/MPRA_paper_63723.pdf
Grimes, Paul W. and Register, Charles A. (1987): The Employment Impact of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. Published in: Journal of the Southwestern Society of Economists , Vol. 1, No. 14 (1987): pp. 9-17.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:64490
2019-09-26T16:03:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64490/
Are Female Headed Households in Distress? Recent Evidence from Indian Labour Market
Mukherjee, Nandini
Ray, Jhilam
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
J71 - Discrimination
Abstract :
Acknowledging women as economic agents with their direct contribution to growth continues to remain the focus of the nation among it’s various objectives even in the Twelfth Plan which suggest various ways of making economic growth truly inclusive . In order to be inclusive the nature and the composition of growth should be such that it should include the poor, particularly the excluded/ marginalised group like women and the disadvantaged socio-economic group. If women lack sufficient decent work opportunities and continue to remain excluded from the main stream economy and cannot contribute to the development process as economic agents for a considerable period of time then can have serious implications for future growth of Indian economy. In India recently there is a debate regarding “Missing female labour” where some portrayed this decline as a positive effect due to rising participation in education among young females and others claim that it was crowding-out of female labour in the face of agricultural stagnation and slowdown of economic growth. The objective of the present paper is to investigate the present status of households headed by female in rural and urban India and examine their demographic structure and employment pattern in comparison to male headed households using unit level data of NSSO employment and Unemployment (68th Round). The paper also look into the difference across various socio religious groups. We found that existence of Female headed household(FHH) arising out of several factors mainly absence of male member viz, widowhood, divorce, separation and desertion,migration of male members for long periods etc. The educational status of female head is poor compare to the male head and this results into lower capability and skill of the female head and resulting poor socio-economic condition. A significant section of female headed household (FHHs)is single membered. Average amount of land owned by FHH is much lower that the male headed household. It is found that nearly 60% of female head are not in labour force and are either attending education or engaged in domestic duty. This exclusion from labour market may work as a hindrance for further empowerment. It can be observed that a significant section of women above 15+ age group are attending educational institute .The low rate of participation of women in wage employment is an issue of concern and debate. The present of socio-economic condition and growth process need to be much more inclusive to distribute the beneficiaries of growth and economic progress if it is to function in an effective manner. The results of economic reforms and it’s impact on all the marginal section of the society need to be examined carefully. Across tribal group women of FHHs have larger presence as own account worker than women of Male Headed Households (MHH). Interestingly higher percentage of women of tribal group and Scheduled caste (SC) from FHHs are engaged as wage worker. Around 11% of tribal women from FHHs are working as regular/salaried employee. Again women from muslim group has lower presence in this category. Though women from MHHs are in less percentage share compared to FHHs, presence of upper caste Hindu s are higher as regular wage employee who are coming from MHHs. Again Muslim women from MHHs are less in number. A large section of SC, ST women both from MHHs and FHHs are working as casual worker. This may be a distress drive phenomenon. A small percentage of women from Hindu upper caste coming from MHHs as well as FHHs are working as casual workers compared to other socio-religious group. This indicate that casual employment among women is high among the so called backward group though for the Muslim women it is low. Women from Muslim group both in case of MHHs and FHHs have very low percentage participation in the labour market. More than 70% from FHHs and 77% from MHHs of Muslim women are not in the labour force. Nearly 45-50 % Muslim women are engaged in domestic work and other work along with domestic duty. Surprisingly such percentage is also high for women of upper Hindu coming from MHHs (nearly 36%). This indicate that along with the backward group like Muslim women, the so called higher Hindu upper caste women are also less in the labour market. Among the poor worker from FHHs 46% of them are engaged in crop related activity, 11% in building works, 7% in retail trade, 4% incivil engineering related activities.
A large section of SC, ST women both from MHHs and FHHs are working as casual worker. A significant portion of Women of FHH are present in retail trade, tobacco manufacturing , and building construction. The nature of job as well the other conditions in these sectors generally not suitable for the women. Still women from FHH has higher presence in this sectors than women from MHH indicating a distress driven participation. The policy need to be more inclusive in nature and it requires on the one hand larger capacity building and skill development for women of all section and on the other generation of awareness regarding equality in terms of dignity, opportunity and right.
2014-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/64490/1/MPRA_paper_64490.pdf
Mukherjee, Nandini and Ray, Jhilam (2014): Are Female Headed Households in Distress? Recent Evidence from Indian Labour Market.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:67494
2019-09-26T11:02:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67494/
Prejudice and Racial Matches in Employment
Bond, Timothy N.
Lehmann, Jee-Yeon K.
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
J7 - Labor Discrimination
J71 - Discrimination
We develop a search model in which some employers hold unobservable racial prejudice towards black workers. Prejudiced employers may refuse to hire and may terminate black workers based on their prejudice. Workers do not observe employer prejudice, but they observe the race of their potential supervisor at the firm, which serves as a signal of the employer's prejudice. Jobs in firms with black supervisors hold higher option value for black workers, because they are less likely to face prejudice-based termination. Hence, black workers are willing to accept employment with lower expected match quality from firms with black supervisors. We derive theoretical predictions on differences in observed wages and job stability across supervisor race and prejudice levels. We find empirical support for our predictions using a unique longitudinal dataset with information on the worker's supervisor race matched with state-level measures of prejudice.
2015-10-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67494/1/MPRA_paper_67494.pdf
Bond, Timothy N. and Lehmann, Jee-Yeon K. (2015): Prejudice and Racial Matches in Employment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:67541
2019-09-29T00:49:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4339
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433930
7375626A656374733D44:4430
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67541/
Lies, Discrimination, and Internalized Racism: Findings from the lab.
David, Wozniak
Tim, MacNeill
C9 - Design of Experiments
C90 - General
D0 - General
J71 - Discrimination
We simulate a job application/hiring market in the lab to examine racial discrimination. We find little evidence of ability differences based on race but we find taste-based racism between groups and statistical racism within groups. When candidates are given the opportunity to lie about their abilities, all groups discriminate against Blacks, suggesting statistical discrimination. But Whites continue to discriminate against Blacks when actual abilities of the candidate are known, suggesting taste-based discrimination. In contrast to the bulk of studies that attempt to establish racism in general as either a taste-based or statistical, our design allows us to show that the type of discrimination can depend on the personal characteristics of the discriminating individual along with the contextual information available.
2015-10-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67541/1/MPRA_paper_67541.pdf
David, Wozniak and Tim, MacNeill (2015): Lies, Discrimination, and Internalized Racism: Findings from the lab.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:68568
2019-10-14T16:26:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/68568/
Discrimination or Unobserved Differences in Characteristics?-An Empirical Study on Wage Inequality
Fang, Zheng
Sakellariou, Chris
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
J71 - Discrimination
We apply the discrimination search model with wage-tenure contracts to NLSY79 data to study race/gender wage inequality with a focus on distinguishing unobserved productivity differences from discrimination in the labor market and also simulating the pattern of wage dynamics. Our findings suggest that the productivity differential between black and white workers is 3% of white worker productivity while productivity differences between men and women are estimated to be 3% of male productivity. 91 % of firms are prejudiced towards black workers and 93% towards female workers. The distaste they hold towards black workers is about 70% of white worker productivity and towards women, 95% of male productivity. Compared to estimates in Bowlus and Eckstein (2002) and Flabbi (2010), we derive similar results on productivity differences, but much higher estimates on discrimination. In addition, our model predicts similar patterns of wage increases as observed from the data: First, the wage increases faster for men than women; second, the wage increases faster at low wages than high wages.
2015
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/68568/1/MPRA_paper_68568.pdf
Fang, Zheng and Sakellariou, Chris (2015): Discrimination or Unobserved Differences in Characteristics?-An Empirical Study on Wage Inequality.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:69527
2019-09-27T11:12:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3832
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3833
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3333
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3336
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/69527/
ISLAM, GENDER DAN FUNDAMENTALISME-RADIKAL DALAM POLITIK EKONOMI GLOBAL
Jaelani, Aan
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
J7 - Labor Discrimination
J71 - Discrimination
J82 - Labor Force Composition
J83 - Workers' Rights
K33 - International Law
K36 - Family and Personal Law
The role of women had marginalized in the political space, economic, and social. Women to be helpless due to religious authority and repressive social structures. Women tend to accept the injustice in his position as part of the community. The integration of feminist theory and the theory of social work theory form a radical feminism that is used as a political analysis of gender inequalities in the global economy. The tendency of women to the option-radical fundamentalist ideology can be caused by poverty and lack of financial factors.
2011-11-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/69527/1/MPRA_paper_69527.pdf
Jaelani, Aan (2011): ISLAM, GENDER DAN FUNDAMENTALISME-RADIKAL DALAM POLITIK EKONOMI GLOBAL. Published in: Jurnal Equalita , Vol. 2, No. Woman in radicalism (10 December 2011): pp. 1-19.
id
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:69974
2019-09-27T01:08:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443430
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443437
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/69974/
Effects of Host Race Information on Airbnb Listing Prices in San Francisco
Kakar, Venoo
Franco, Julisa
Voelz, Joel
Wu, Julia
D40 - General
D47 - Market Design
J71 - Discrimination
The surge in Peer to Peer e-commerce has increasingly been characterized by changing the online marketplace to a more personalized environment for the buyer and seller. This personalization involves revealing information on buyer reviews, pictures and biographical information on the sellers to reduce the perceived ``purchase risk" or to facilitate trust with the buyers. However, this personalization has generated possibilities for discrimination in the online marketplace. In this paper, we examine the effect of host information available online (race, gender and sexual orientation etc.) on price listings on Airbnb.com in San Francisco. We find that hispanic hosts and asian hosts, on average, have a 9.6% and 9.3% lower list price relative to their white counterparts, after controlling for neighborhood property values, user reviews and rental unit characteristics. We don't find any significant impact of gender and sexual orientation on price listings. Overall, our findings corroborate the presence of racial discrimination in the online marketplace.
2016-03-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/69974/1/MPRA_paper_69974.pdf
Kakar, Venoo and Franco, Julisa and Voelz, Joel and Wu, Julia (2016): Effects of Host Race Information on Airbnb Listing Prices in San Francisco.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:71182
2019-09-27T15:36:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493234
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493235
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493238
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3632
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/71182/
Development and Exclusion: Intergenerational Stickiness in India
Majumder, Rajarshi
Ray, Jhilam
I24 - Education and Inequality
I25 - Education and Economic Development
I28 - Government Policy
I30 - General
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
J71 - Discrimination
The concept of development has matured from being indicative of aggregative progress to being sensitive to inequality and exclusion within the whole, giving rise to the coinage Inclusive Development. This notion speaks of bridging gap between ethnic/social groups within a nation in domains like livelihood, social status, political empowerment, cultural freedom, among others. This would depend on temporal movement of different groups and intergenerational mobility can act as a mechanism to achieve social fluidity and greater inclusion. Present paper explores the role of intergenerational stickiness in perpetuating such disparity across social groups in India. We argue that economic status is intricately linked to what a person does for livelihood, i.e. her occupation, and what remuneration she receives for it, i.e. her wages. In present world system, occupation and wages are also critically determined by the human capital quotient of the individual, marked generally by her educational level. Therefore, the socioeconomic structure of a country and its temporal movement would be shaped by intergenerational mobility in education, occupation and income for different social groups. Higher (upward) mobility for the lagging classes would lead to catching up and convergence while lower mobility for them would lead to widening gaps. It is our contention that persistence of economic inequality across social groups in India is associated with high parental impact and low intergenerational mobility for the historically lagging and excluded social groups. Technically both Transitional Matrix and Regression based econometric techniques are used to estimate parental impact on respondent’s status as well as the role of social background in influencing the magnitude of the parental impact itself in Indian context during the last two decades. Relative strength of Structural and Exchange Mobility have also been estimated. Interlinkage between the three types of mobility and that between mobility and other socioeconomic parameters have been explored.
2016-05-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/71182/1/MPRA_paper_71182.pdf
Majumder, Rajarshi and Ray, Jhilam (2016): Development and Exclusion: Intergenerational Stickiness in India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:72820
2019-09-26T13:51:25Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3738
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/72820/
Economía del Cuidado en Argentina: Algunos resultados en base a la Encuesta sobre uso del Tiempo
Calero, Analía
Dellavalle, Rocío
Zanino, Carolina
J7 - Labor Discrimination
J71 - Discrimination
J78 - Public Policy
The aim of this study is to deepen the analysis of time-use data for better public policy. From the Survey on unpaid work and time use (INDEC, 2013) of Argentina it is seen that women spend on average a higher number of hours in unpaid work than their male counterparts, even when they are actively participating in the labor market. The largest gap is verified in time spent caring for people. This problem is not unrelated to what happens in other countries in Latin America and poses the challenge of designing specific care policies to reconcile work and family life, in a labor market based on a family model that has changed.
2015-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/72820/1/MPRA_paper_72820.pdf
Calero, Analía and Dellavalle, Rocío and Zanino, Carolina (2015): Economía del Cuidado en Argentina: Algunos resultados en base a la Encuesta sobre uso del Tiempo. Published in: Documento de Trabajo (April 2016): pp. 1-23.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:73430
2019-09-28T05:31:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3634
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/73430/
Prejudice and Racial Matches in Employment
Bond, Timothy N.
Lehmann, Jee-Yeon K.
J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
J7 - Labor Discrimination
J71 - Discrimination
We develop a job search model in which some employers hold unobservable racial prejudice toward black workers. Prejudiced employers may refuse to hire black workers and may terminate them based on their prejudice. Workers do not observe employer prejudice, but instead observe a signal of prejudice status, the presence of a black supervisor. We show that jobs in firms with black supervisors hold higher option value for black workers, because they are less likely to face prejudice-based termination. Hence, black workers are willing to accept employment with lower expected match quality from firms with black supervisors. We derive theoretical predictions on racial differences in observed wages and job stability across supervisor races and variations in local prejudice levels. We find empirical support for our predictions using unique longitudinal data with information on the worker's supervisor race matched with state-level measures of prejudice.
2015-10-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/73430/1/MPRA_paper_73430.pdf
Bond, Timothy N. and Lehmann, Jee-Yeon K. (2015): Prejudice and Racial Matches in Employment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:74335
2019-09-29T22:38:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74335/
Decomposing Black-White Wage Gaps Across Distributions: Young U.S. Men and Women in 1990 vs. 2011
Richey, Jeremiah
Tromp, Nikolas
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials
J71 - Discrimination
We investigate changes in black-white wage gaps across wage distributions for young men and women
in the U.S. between 1990 and 2011. Gaps are decomposed into composition and structural effects using
a semi-parametric framework. Further, we investigate the roles of occupational choice and self-selection.
We find a fall in the composition effect shrinks the wage gap at the lower end of the distribution for men
and women. Conversely, an increase in the composition effect for men, and an increase in the structural
effect for women, drives a widening of the wage gap at the upper end of the wage distribution.
2016-09-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74335/1/MPRA_paper_74335.pdf
Richey, Jeremiah and Tromp, Nikolas (2016): Decomposing Black-White Wage Gaps Across Distributions: Young U.S. Men and Women in 1990 vs. 2011.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:74438
2019-10-01T14:50:59Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453236
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A38:4A3833
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3637
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74438/
Social Environment and Standards at the Work Place in the Garment Industry in Bulgaria. Results from a Preliminary Research carried out within a Clean Clothes Campaign International Project.
Vassileva, Verka
Tishev, Ivan
Kapka, Stoyanova
Alla, Kirova
E26 - Informal Economy ; Underground Economy
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
J71 - Discrimination
J83 - Workers' Rights
L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather Goods; Household Goods; Sports Equipment
During the last decade of transition some adverse and contradictory
amendments and changes have been introduced in the labour legislation which
led to great pressure on the labour market and job insecurity. Along with that
process there has been a sharp increase in unemployment, decline of living
standard and violations of labour rights - some of them very serious. This turned
out to be very typical for the garment industry which became a research target
under the CCC Programme. Moreover – the implementation of legislation and
the protection of labour rights usually become very difficult due to the great
number and scope of other problems the relevant institutions and organizations
have to deal with during the hard transition period. Therefore a keen need arose
to carry out a profound analysis of the possibilities provided for by the
international standards for the respect of labour rights at the work place, the
workers’ dignity protection and securing decent living standards for them and
for the members of their families.
2001
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74438/1/MPRA_paper_74438.pdf
Vassileva, Verka and Tishev, Ivan and Kapka, Stoyanova and Alla, Kirova (2001): Social Environment and Standards at the Work Place in the Garment Industry in Bulgaria. Results from a Preliminary Research carried out within a Clean Clothes Campaign International Project. Published in: online publication available at: https://archive.cleanclothes.org/newslist/1092.html (2001): p. 40.
en
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