2024-03-29T02:07:11Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:346
2019-09-27T08:52:25Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483230
7375626A656374733D48:4833:483330
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/346/
Public Ignorance and Estate Tax Repeal: The Effect of Partisan Differences and Survey Incentives
Krupnikov, Yanna
Levine, Adam S.
Lupia, Arthur
Prior, Markus
H20 - General
H30 - General
K10 - General
We re-examine whether the broad support for repeal of the estate tax is a result of citizen ignorance. We find that increasing information about the estate tax or politics in general has very different effects on Republicans and Democrats. While high and low-information Republicans support estate tax repeal, Democratic support is higher among those who know less. However, most highly-informed people in both parties support repeal. We also show that standard surveys overestimate the extent of misinformation about the estate tax. Therefore, “ignorance” is not a compelling explanation of why so many people support estate tax repeal.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/346/1/MPRA_paper_346.pdf
Krupnikov, Yanna and Levine, Adam S. and Lupia, Arthur and Prior, Markus (2006): Public Ignorance and Estate Tax Repeal: The Effect of Partisan Differences and Survey Incentives. Forthcoming in: National Tax Journal , Vol. 59, No. September 2006 (2006)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:500
2019-09-28T09:48:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/500/
Crime and Punishment in the "American Dream"
Di Tella, Rafael
Dubra, Juan
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K14 - Criminal Law
E62 - Fiscal Policy
P16 - Political Economy
We observe that countries where belief in the "American dream" (i.e., effort pays) prevails also set harsher punishment for criminals. We know from previous work that beliefs are also correlated with several features of the economic system (taxation, social insurance, etc). Our objective is to study the joint determination of these three features (beliefs, punitiveness and economic system) in a way that replicates the observed empirical patterns. We present a model where beliefs determine the types of contracts that firms offer and whether workers exert effort. Some workers become criminals, depending on their luck in the labor market, the expected punishment, and an individual shock that we call "meanness". It is this meanness level that a penal system based on "retribution" tries to detect when deciding the severity of the punishment. We find that when initial beliefs differ, two equilibria can emerge out of identical fundamentals. In the "American" (as opposed to the "French") equilibrium, belief in the "American dream" is commonplace, workers exert effort, there are high powered contracts (and income is unequally distributed) and punishments are harsh. Economists who believe that deterrence (rather than retribution) shapes punishment can interpret the meanness parameter as pessimism about future economic opportunities and verify that two similar equilibria emerge.
2006-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/500/1/MPRA_paper_500.pdf
Di Tella, Rafael and Dubra, Juan (2006): Crime and Punishment in the "American Dream".
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1145
2019-09-28T12:46:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3431
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1145/
Decomposing violence: terrorist murder in the twentieth century in the U.S.
Gomez-Sorzano, Gustavo
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
N41 - U.S. ; Canada: Pre-1913
K14 - Criminal Law
C13 - Estimation: General
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
Abstract: I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of murder in the United States (1900-2004). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order, crime legislation, alternation in power, social, and political unrest overseas as wars, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks in the country. The cyclical component estimated shows that, 9/11 2001 terrorist attacks occurred, two years after the end of the last declining cycle of 1994-1999. The estimated cyclical terrorist murder component warns, that terrorist attacks in U.S., soil from 1923 to 2004, historically occur in, and around the vicinity of the turning points, of whether a declining, or ascending cycle, and so, it must be used in future research to construct a model for explaining the causal reasons for its movement across time, and for forecasting cyclical terrorist murder, and terrorist attacks.
2006-06-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1145/1/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf
Gomez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2006): Decomposing violence: terrorist murder in the twentieth century in the U.S.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1150
2019-09-28T04:29:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3130
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3431
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3430
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1150/
Indemnisation des préjudices et fréquence des procès en présence d'une asymétrie d'informaion sur l'aversion au risque des parties
Langlais, Eric
K10 - General
K41 - Litigation Process
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
K40 - General
K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
The paper addresses the issue of the impact of asymmetric information
on risk aversion of litigant parties in a model à la Bebchuk. First we
study the case where the plaintif is the informed party, and
characterize the equilibrium with and without a pretrial negociation
round. Then, we focuse on the comparative statics of the model and
analyse the role of the choice of a cost allocation rule. Finally, we
discuss several extensions: the case where the defendant is the
informed party, the influence of the assumption on the representation
of preferences, and the role of self-serving bias.
2005-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1150/1/MPRA_paper_1150.pdf
Langlais, Eric (2005): Indemnisation des préjudices et fréquence des procès en présence d'une asymétrie d'informaion sur l'aversion au risque des parties.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2632
2019-09-26T21:35:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3239
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2632/
COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS, VALUE OF A STATISTICAL LIFE AND CULTURE: CHALLENGES FOR RISK REGULATION
Marquez, Pablo
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
K29 - Other
K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
The author studies three aspects of human live valuation and its relation with cost benefit analysis and regulation. More precisely the author addresses the problem of valuation of a statistical human life and its relation with cost benefit analysis in mortality risk reduction. First, studies the debate about Valuation of a Statistical Human Life (VSL) and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) in mortality risks regulation; second, deals with two challenges to CBA and VSL, these are (a) the problem of discount rates and the problem of (dis)counting of future human lives, and (b), tests if culture (represented as a set of values) has an incidence in risk preferences and therefore, in willingness to pay for life in different countries.
2006-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2632/1/MPRA_paper_2632.pdf
Marquez, Pablo (2006): COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS, VALUE OF A STATISTICAL LIFE AND CULTURE: CHALLENGES FOR RISK REGULATION.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3388
2019-09-26T22:00:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3534
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3436
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3537
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3388/
Using the Beveridge & Nelson decomposition of economic time series for pointing out the occurrence of terrorist attacks
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
K14 - Criminal Law
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
O54 - Latin America ; Caribbean
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
H56 - National Security and War
N46 - Latin America ; Caribbean
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
P10 - General
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
This paper continues my research program on violence and terrorism started 15 years ago. It presents in the first part through empirical exercises, the suitability of The Beveridge and Nelson decomposition of economic time series for pointing out the occurrence of terrorist attacks. It presents the simulation results of the hypothetical case of U.S., and Colombia experiencing, additional, and first three terrorist attacks similar to 9/11, 2001: for the U.S. additional attacks are simulated occurring in 1996, and 1998 with 24,950, and 61,516 casualties respectively; while for Colombia three attacks are artificially constructed independently in 1993 with 3,000 casualties, and 2001 with alternatives scenarios of 3,000 and 4,299 casualties. In the second part, while the model for terrorist attacks in U.S. soil is developed, and knowing that the geo-political context of the war in Iraq is different, Its objective, is to use the experience from Colombia to help policy, and decision makers understand the probable outcomes and implications of decisions taken today in regards to the war in Iraq. It uses the terrorist murder and attacks indicator from 1946 to 2001 for Colombia that assumes a 9/11 in Colombia killing 3,000 civilians, and that as its consequence the Colombian army started a strong confrontation against the enemy as the U.S did at that time. This indicator is used as dependent variable to re-estimate the model for cyclical terrorist murder for Colombia (Gómez-Sorzano 2006B, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/539/01/MPRA_paper_539.pdf) using it, for sensitivity analysis scenarios including troop deployment decisions identical to those already taken by the U.S. during the war in Iraq. The last section concludes showing dynamically how at this point, moderate troop withdrawals and disarmament, will reduce both the intensity of the conflict and the estimated terrorist murder and attacks indicator for the U.S.
2006-12-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3388/1/MPRA_paper_3388.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2006): Using the Beveridge & Nelson decomposition of economic time series for pointing out the occurrence of terrorist attacks.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3776
2019-10-01T04:45:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483735
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483736
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433830
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3776/
Decomposing violence: terrorist murder and attacks in New York State from 1933 to 2005
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
H56 - National Security and War
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
H75 - State and Local Government: Health ; Education ; Welfare ; Public Pensions
K14 - Criminal Law
H76 - State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
C80 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of murder in the state of New York. (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks in the state. The estimated cyclical terrorist murder component warns that terrorist attacks in the state of New York from 1962 to 2005, historically occur in the estimated turning point dates, of whether a declining, or ascending cycle, and so, it must be used in future research to construct a model for explaining the causal reasons for its movement across time, and for forecasting terrorist murder and attacks for New York.
2006-12-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3776/1/MPRA_paper_3776.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2006): Decomposing violence: terrorist murder and attacks in New York State from 1933 to 2005.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4002
2019-10-03T04:59:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4002/
The pirate from Koenigsberg: why closed source software is not worth of copyright protection
Pievatolo, Maria Chiara
K11 - Property Law
According to Kant, property applies only to touchable things, among which he includes the works of art. For the very principle of private property, a legitimate purchaser has the right to replicate and to share them without restrictions.
Kant recognizes copyright only on written texts, by conceiving them as speeches that exclusively authorized spokespersons - the publishers - may convey to the public in the name of their authors. The rights of the authorized publishers, however, are justified only if they help the public to get the texts.
In a Kantian environment, open source software would be worth of copyright protection, because it can be conceived as a speech meant to human beings. On the contrary, Kant would treat closed source programs as works of art, without according them copyright protection, because, as none is allowed to read and to understand them, they cannot be conceived as a speeches meant to the public. Closed source programs are like sealed books that no one is allowed to read: why do we keep on taking for granted that they are worth of copyright protection?
2007-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4002/1/MPRA_paper_4002.pdf
Pievatolo, Maria Chiara (2007): The pirate from Koenigsberg: why closed source software is not worth of copyright protection.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4182
2019-09-28T07:16:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3130
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3139
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3137
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3130
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4182/
Floss (Free/Libre Open Source Software): A Theme For Cultural Differences Study
Ramanujam, Padmanabha
K10 - General
L19 - Other
L17 - Open Source Products and Markets
L10 - General
K19 - Other
Geert Hofstede presented statistical evidence purporting to identify intercultural co-operation and its importance for survival in his scholarship work “cultures and organizations”. This article presents a study, which describes how differences in national culture can affect or influence the participation of programmers who produce open source software (OSS). The four important dimensions of national cultures considered by Hofstede model namely Power Distance Index (PDI), Individualism Index (IAV), Masculinity-Feminity Index (MAS) and Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) are selected and correlated with the Geographical Distribution of Developers Index (GDD) for testing the above hypothesis. It is suggested that there exists some correlation between the cultural factors and the demographics of programmers who participate in the open source movement. Finally, the manner in which these cultural factors impinge on the incentives of the programmers who are engaged in open source movement by writing codes for free are also discussed.
2007-07-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4182/1/MPRA_paper_4182.pdf
Ramanujam, Padmanabha (2007): Floss (Free/Libre Open Source Software): A Theme For Cultural Differences Study.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4200
2019-09-26T13:42:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3537
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/
Terrorist murder, cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks in New York City during the last two centuries
Gomez-Sorzano, Gustavo
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
H56 - National Security and War
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
K14 - Criminal Law
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
: I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of murder of New York City – NYC (1797-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks in the city. The estimated cyclical terrorist murder component warns that terrorist attacks in New York City from 1826 to 2005, historically occur in the estimated turning point dates, of whether a declining, or ascending cycle, and so, it must be used in future research to construct a model for explaining the causal reasons for its movement across time, and for forecasting terrorist murder and attacks for New York City.
2007-01-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/1/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf
Gomez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Terrorist murder, cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks in New York City during the last two centuries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4253
2019-09-26T12:48:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3130
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3139
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3130
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3139
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3137
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4253/
Floss (Free/Libre Open Source Software): A Theme For Cultural Differences Study
Ramanujam, Padmanabha
L10 - General
K19 - Other
K10 - General
L19 - Other
L17 - Open Source Products and Markets
Geert Hofstede presented statistical evidence purporting to identify intercultural co-operation and its importance for survival in his scholarship work “cultures and organizations”. This article presents a study, which describes how differences in national culture can affect or influence the participation of programmers who produce open source software (OSS). The four important dimensions of national cultures considered by Hofstede model namely Power Distance Index (PDI), Individualism Index (IAV), Masculinity-Feminity Index (MAS) and Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) are selected and correlated with the Geographical Distribution of Developers Index (GDD) for testing the above hypothesis. It is suggested that there exists some correlation between the cultural factors and the demographics of programmers who participate in the open source movement. Finally, the manner in which these cultural factors impinge on the incentives of the programmers who are engaged in open source movement by writing codes for free are also discussed.
2007-07-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4253/1/MPRA_paper_4253.pdf
Ramanujam, Padmanabha (2007): Floss (Free/Libre Open Source Software): A Theme For Cultural Differences Study.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4342
2019-10-04T06:59:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3430
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433230
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433239
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/
Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Massachusetts
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
N40 - General, International, or Comparative
K14 - Criminal Law
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
H56 - National Security and War
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
C20 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
C29 - Other
Abstract: I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder in the State of Massachusetts. (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder warns that terrorist attacks in the U.S. from 1940 to 2005, have affected Massachusetts creating estimated turning point dates clearly marked by the most tragic terrorist attacks to the nation: the shut down in power in NYC in 1965, the World Trade Center Bombing in 1993, and 9/11 2001. The index for Massachusetts foretold with amazing precision those attacks, and must be used as a proxy for attacks for the Whole U.S along with indexes already constructed for the nation (http://mpra.ub.uni-uenchen.de/1145/01/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf) and, New York City (http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/01/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf). The indexes must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks and in models assessing the effects of terrorism on the U.S. economy.
2007-01-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/1/MPRA_paper_4342.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Massachusetts.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4360
2019-09-27T22:35:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4360/
Cycles of violence and terrorist attacks index for the State of Arizona
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
K14 - Criminal Law
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
H56 - National Security and War
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder in the State of Arizona (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder warns that terrorist attacks in the U.S. soil, and foreign wars fought by the country from 1941 to 2005, have affected Arizona creating estimated turning point dates clearly marked by the most tragic terrorist attacks to the nation: the shut down in power in NYC in 1965, the World Trade Center Bombing in 1993, and 9/11 2001. Other indexes already constructed include the attacks indexes for the U.S (http://mpra.ub.uni-uenchen.de/1145/01/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf), New York City (http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/01/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf), and Massachusetts (http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/01/MPRA_paper_4342.pdf). These indexes must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks, and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.
2007-01-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4360/1/MPRA_paper_4360.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Cycles of violence and terrorist attacks index for the State of Arizona.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4547
2019-10-02T15:18:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4547/
Cycles of violence, riots, and terrorist attacks index for the State of California
Gómez-sorzano, Gustavo
K14 - Criminal Law
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
H56 - National Security and War
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder in the State of California. (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order as riots, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder, or attacks index found is optimal, and warns that terrorist attacks against the U.S., and riots in California have created estimated turning point dates marked by those tragic events. The index peaked to point out the World Trade Center Bombing in 1993, and 9/11 2001, and for California it amazingly well captured the riots of 1965 and 1992. This paper belongs to the series of papers helping the U.S, and Homeland Security identify the closeness of terrorist attacks through the construction of Attacks indexes across the U.S. Other indexes constructed include the Index for the U.S. http://mpra.ub.uni-uenchen.de/1145/01/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf, New York State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3776/01/MPRA_paper_3776.pdf, New York City http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/01/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf Arizona State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4360/01/MPRA_paper_4360.pdf Massachusetts State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/01/MPRA_paper_4342.pdf. These indexes must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks, and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.
2007-01-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4547/1/MPRA_paper_4547.pdf
Gómez-sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Cycles of violence, riots, and terrorist attacks index for the State of California.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4604
2019-09-30T17:15:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4604/
Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Washington.
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
K14 - Criminal Law
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
H56 - National Security and War
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder in the State of Washington. (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder warns that terrorist attacks against the U.S. have affected Washington creating estimated turning point dates marked by the most tragic terrorist attacks to the nation: the World Trade Center Bombing in 1993, and 9/11 2001. This paper belongs to the series of papers helping the U.S identify the closeness of terrorist attacks, and constructs the attacks index for Washington. Other indices constructed include the Index for the U.S. http://mpra.ub.uni-uenchen.de/1145/01/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf, New York State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3776/01/MPRA_paper_3776.pdf,
New York City http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/01/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf, Arizona State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4360/01/MPRA_paper_4360.pdf, Massachusetts State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/01/MPRA_paper_4342.pdf., California http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4547/01/MPRA_paper_4547.pdf., Ohio, and Arkansas. These indices must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.
2007-01-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4604/1/MPRA_paper_4604.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Washington.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4605
2019-09-28T06:56:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4605/
Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Ohio
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
K14 - Criminal Law
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
H56 - National Security and War
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder in the State of Ohio. (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder warns that terrorist attacks against the U.S. have affected Ohio creating estimated turning point dates marked by the most tragic terrorist attacks to the nation: the World Trade Center Bombing in 1993, and 9/11 2001. This paper belongs to the series of papers helping the U.S identify the closeness of terrorist attacks, and constructs the attacks index for Ohio. Other indices constructed include the Index for the U.S. http://mpra.ub.uni-uenchen.de/1145/01/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf, New York State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3776/01/MPRA_paper_3776.pdf,
New York City http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/01/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf, Arizona State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4360/01/MPRA_paper_4360.pdf, Massachusetts State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/01/MPRA_paper_4342.pdf., California http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4547/01/MPRA_paper_4547.pdf. Washington http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4604/01/MPRA_paper_4604.pdf., and Arkansas. These indices must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.
2006-02-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4605/1/MPRA_paper_4605.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2006): Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Ohio.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4606
2019-09-29T04:50:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4606/
Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Arkansas
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
K14 - Criminal Law
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
H56 - National Security and War
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder in the State of Arkansas. (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part does not coincide with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder shows that terrorist attacks against the U.S. have not affected Arkansas, presenting this State as immune to the suffering of the nation, and to the occurrence of attacks. This paper belongs to the series of papers helping the U.S, and Homeland Security identify the closeness of terrorist attacks, and constructs the attacks index for Arkansas. Other indices constructed include the Index for the U.S. http://mpra.ub.uni-uenchen.de/1145/01/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf, New York State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3776/01/MPRA_paper_3776.pdf,
New York City http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/01/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf, Arizona State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4360/01/MPRA_paper_4360.pdf, Massachusetts State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/01/MPRA_paper_4342.pdf., California http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4547/01/MPRA_paper_4547.pdf., Washington http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4604/01/MPRA_paper_4604.pdf. , and
Ohio http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4605/01/MPRA_paper_4605.pdf. These indices must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.
2007-01-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4606/1/MPRA_paper_4606.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Arkansas.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4783
2019-09-27T06:25:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4783/
Terrorist murder, cycles of violence, and attacks index for the City of Philadelphia during the last two centuries.
Gómez-sorzano, Gustavo
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
K14 - Criminal Law
H56 - National Security and War
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the reconstructed time series of murder of the City of Philadelphia (1826-2004). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks in to the United States. The estimated cyclical terrorist murder component warns that terrorist attacks to the U.S, have affected Philadelphia City creating turning point dates marked by those attacks. This paper belongs to the series of papers helping the U.S, and Homeland Security identify the closeness of terrorist attacks, and constructs the attacks index for Philadelphia. Other indices constructed include the Index for the U.S. http://mpra.ub.uni-uenchen.de/1145/01/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf, New York State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3776/01/MPRA_paper_3776.pdf, New York City http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/01/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf, Arizona State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4360/01/MPRA_paper_4360.pdf, Massachusetts State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/01/MPRA_paper_4342.pdf., California http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4547/01/MPRA_paper_4547.pdf., Washington http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4604/01/MPRA_paper_4604.pdf., Ohio http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4605/01/MPRA_paper_4605.pdf, and Arkansas. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4606/01/MPRA_paper_4606.pdf. These indices must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.
2007-01-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4783/1/MPRA_paper_4783.pdf
Gómez-sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Terrorist murder, cycles of violence, and attacks index for the City of Philadelphia during the last two centuries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4846
2019-09-26T19:14:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3431
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3336
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B30
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3430
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4846/
Informational externalities and informational sharing in class action suits
Deffains, Bruno
Langlais, Eric
K41 - Litigation Process
K36 - Family and Personal Law
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
K0 - General
K40 - General
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
When several plaintiffs file individually a lawsuit against the same
tortfeasor, the resolution of the various cases through repeated trials
produces positive informational externalities, which benefit to the later
plaintiffs (since there exist precedents, jurisprudence...). Thus, the first
filers may have an incentive to initiate a class action as far as it enables
the various plaintiffs to share their information. This feature has not been
stressed in the literature, and in contrast strategic uses of class actions
have been studied in more details (Che (1996), Marceau and Mongrain (2003)).
In this paper, we elaborate on a basic strategic model of litigation
settlement, focusing on the interactions between the characteristics of the
discovery process (as a general technology of production of evidences) in
mass tort litigation, those of the compensation rules set by Courts, and the
structure of litigation costs, in order to study when a class action fails
to occur, and when sequential trials are more likely.
We consider the case of a perfect discovery process. We provide sufficient
conditions under which a class action is formed. We show that when victims
have heterogeneous claims, the compensatory damages rule awarded by Courts
is of major importance for the formation of the class action, whatever the
degree of heterogeneity: all else equal, there always exists a degree of
\textit{damage averaging} under which the class action occurs. We also show
that when contingent fees are used to reward attorneys' services, plaintiffs
become neutral to the arrival of new information on their case.
2007-09-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4846/1/MPRA_paper_4846.pdf
Deffains, Bruno and Langlais, Eric (2007): Informational externalities and informational sharing in class action suits.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5093
2019-09-27T01:02:41Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523134
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5093/
Die neoliberale Agrargesetzgebung in México, 1992-2005
Acosta Reveles, Irma Lorena
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
R14 - Land Use Patterns
K11 - Property Law
Under the pressure of NAFTA negotiations Mexican government changed the agrarian legislation at the beginning of the 1990. This reform meant turning away from the former leitmotiv of social justice brought up in the revolution towards the neoliberal paradigm of economic efficiency. The old system of subsedies and and institutional support was replaced by a market- and export orientation, the priority of community land was replaced by the primacy of private property rights in order to capitalize the Mexican agriculture. This paper analyses whether the goals of increasing productivity and changing the production structure where achieved.
There are three basic outcomes from the reforms: small scale farmers have los market shares and depend on non-agricultural incomes. Secondly, the trading of land is marginal, as export goods are produced on a small share of productive land and the agricultural corporations have many alternative to the purchase Hof land. The capitalization of agricultural enterprises has also been minimal. These results cause a regional concentration of agricultural corporations and lead to a further marginalization Hof small scale farmers.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5093/1/MPRA_paper_5093.pdf
Acosta Reveles, Irma Lorena (2007): Die neoliberale Agrargesetzgebung in México, 1992-2005. Published in: Peripherie: Zeitschrift für Politik und Ökonomie in der Dritten Welt , Vol. Volume, No. Número 105/106 (2007): pp. 122-142.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5604
2019-09-27T00:22:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5604/
Economic Rationale For Extending Protection To Smell Marks
Bhagwan, Ashitha
Kulkarni, Namita
Ramanujam, Padmanabha
K11 - Property Law
In the traditional view of trademark law, a trademark serves its brand-identifying function. Consequently, marks which consumers actually use to identify the source of a product were allowed protection. James Hawes was the first commentator to assert that product scent merits trademark protection. This paper presents a study which discusses the appropriateness of trademark protection for fragrances. It is also argued that there exists some economic justification for allowing new forms of non-standard marks and in particular smell marks.
2007-10-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5604/1/MPRA_paper_5604.pdf
Bhagwan, Ashitha and Kulkarni, Namita and Ramanujam, Padmanabha (2007): Economic Rationale For Extending Protection To Smell Marks.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5774
2019-10-07T16:28:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5774/
Electoral Economics: Proposition 209 and the Public Concensus
Hartogh, Matthew
K2 - Regulation and Business Law
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
Abstract:
The question posed is whether proposition 209 unconstitutionally bars a remedy to discrimination against a specified group "women and minorities", and thereby denies equal protection of the laws to a targeted group. The partial template for this problem is provided by the Supreme Court’s disposition of Romer v. Evans.
The conclusion of my analysis here is that it does not. My analysis relies on two theories, one formal and one political. The formal proposition is this: a remedy is only meaningful as a response to an injury. In equal protection and discrimination jurisprudence, the Federal courts have imposed, and the Supreme Court has upheld, quotas, busing, and other affirmative measures against discrimination where there has been a judicial finding of past discrimination. There has been no such finding against the University of California or any of the contracting agencies of the state of California. Further, each time such a remedy to a demonstrated injury has been imposed, the Court has demanded that the remedy conform to a tight fit to the demonstrated injury. No injury has been demonstrated here, therefore no remedy exists, and to quote Chief Justice Marshall in McCulloch vs. Maryland "what does not exist can not be taken away."
2007-01-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5774/1/MPRA_paper_5774.pdf
Hartogh, Matthew (2007): Electoral Economics: Proposition 209 and the Public Concensus.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5887
2019-10-26T05:35:59Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6538
2019-09-26T12:33:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3230
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3334
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35:4C3539
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D4D:4D32:4D3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6538/
Trademark Values in Corporate Restructuring
Torres, Fernando
K20 - General
O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
L59 - Other
K11 - Property Law
M21 - Business Economics
In corporate restructuring under Chapter 11, an asset valuation is a central task for both legal and financial reasons. In the area of intangible assets, however, generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) do not reflect internally-generated assets such as brands, trademarks, and other intellectual property. In practice, arbitrary rules of thumb are used to fill this gap, and closure, liquidation, financing, and restructuring decisions are made on this basis.
This paper reports the progress that has been made so far in developing theoretical and empirical bases to improve trademark valuation in corporate restructuring. The model and the applied results have been incorporated since 2006 in some of the most significant corporate restructuring cases in the U.S.
The econometric study of trademark values in liquidation and reorganization presented is based on new data being generated as a result of self-regulatory changes in financial accounting –specifically those brought about over the last six years by FASB’s statements 141 and 142 (as well as the international IFRS-3 standard).
The new accounting framework for business combinations requires acquiring entities to perform a detailed purchase price allocation that segregates the values attributable to trademarks and other IP from general Goodwill. Publicly traded companies generally disclose these itemized values in their SEC filings. Recently, we have begun building a database of pre-merger revenue information in combination with specific trademark value allocations from a variety of acquisitions occurring in both liquidation and going concern contexts. Our initial results are consistent with the severe reduction in value that has come to be expected, but reflect a statistically significant non-linearity that has substantial financial impact in large cases.
2007-07-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6538/1/MPRA_paper_6538.pdf
Torres, Fernando (2007): Trademark Values in Corporate Restructuring.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6641
2019-09-27T09:35:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3334
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6641/
Digital Rights Management and Consumer Acceptability: A Multi-Disciplinary Discussion of Consumer Concerns and Expectations
Helberger, Natali
Kerényi, Kristóf
Krings, Bettina
Lambers, Rik
Orwat, Carsten
Riehm, Ulrich
van Gompel, Stef
Dufft, Nicole
O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
K11 - Property Law
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
The INDICARE project – the Informed Dialogue about Consumer Acceptability of DRM Solutions in Europe – has been set up to raise awareness about consumer and user issues of Digital Rights Management (DRM) solutions. One of the main goals of the INDICARE project is to contribute to the consensus-building among multiple players with heterogeneous interests in the digital environment. To promote this process and to contribute to the creation of a common level of understanding is the aim of the present report.
It provides an overview of consumer concerns and expectations regarding DRMs, and discusses the findings from a social, legal, technical and business perspective.
A general overview of the existing EC initiatives shows that questions of consumer acceptability of DRM have only recently begun to draw wider attention. A review of the relevant statements, studies and reports confirms that awareness of consumer concerns is still at a low level. Five major categories of concerns have been distinguished so far: (1) fair conditions of use and access to digital content, (2) privacy, (3) interoperability, (4) transparency and (5) various aspects of consumer friendliness. From the legal point of view, many of the identified issues go beyond the scope of copyright law, i.e. the field of law where DRM was traditionally discussed. Often they are a matter of general or sector-specific consumer protection law. Furthermore, it is still unclear to what extent technology and an appropriate design of technical solutions can provide an answer to some of the concerns of consumers.
One goal of the technical chapter was exactly to highlight some of these technical possibilities. Finally, it is shown that consumer acceptability of DRM is important for the economic success of different business models based on DRM. Fair and responsive DRM design can be a profitable strategy,
however DRM-free alternatives do exist too.
2004-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6641/1/MPRA_paper_6641.pdf
Helberger, Natali and Kerényi, Kristóf and Krings, Bettina and Lambers, Rik and Orwat, Carsten and Riehm, Ulrich and van Gompel, Stef and Dufft, Nicole (2004): Digital Rights Management and Consumer Acceptability: A Multi-Disciplinary Discussion of Consumer Concerns and Expectations. Published in: INDICARE Project report No. State of the Art (December 2004): pp. 1-147.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6929
2019-09-26T23:27:54Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6929/
The Coase Theorem, Private Information, and the Benefits of Not Assigning Property Rights
Schmitz, Patrick W.
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
K1 - Basic Areas of Law
Using a simple bilateral trading example with discrete valuations and costs it is demonstrated that in the presence of private information the efficiency of Coasean bargaining may be strictly enhanced if initially no property rights are assigned.
2001
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6929/1/MPRA_paper_6929.pdf
Schmitz, Patrick W. (2001): The Coase Theorem, Private Information, and the Benefits of Not Assigning Property Rights. Published in: European Journal of Law and Economics , Vol. 11, No. 1 (2001): pp. 23-28.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6937
2019-09-28T17:27:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6937/
Sollten Haftungsregeln durch Strafen ergänzt werden?
Schmitz, Patrick W.
K1 - Basic Areas of Law
This article considers a bilateral externality problem, in which injurers and victims choose activity levels and levels of care. The incentive effects of liability rules and fines for harm done are analyzed. It is shown that in general socially optimal behaviour can only be induced if fines are imposed. However, if collusion between the injurer and the victim is possible, we cannot achieve more with the help of fines than with liability rules alone.
1997
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6937/1/MPRA_paper_6937.pdf
Schmitz, Patrick W. (1997): Sollten Haftungsregeln durch Strafen ergänzt werden? Published in: Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftswissenschaften , Vol. 48, No. 3 (1997): pp. 351-360.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7277
2019-09-26T17:52:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443632
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483230
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3130
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7277/
The Problem of Internalisation of Social Costs and the Ideas of Ronald Coase
Enrico, Baffi
D62 - Externalities
H20 - General
K10 - General
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
D60 - General
This work examines the influence of Coasian thought on the analysis of externalities as used by economists and legal economists. Ronald Coase, a Chicago scholar, advanced a series of critiques of the Pigovian tax system; the theorem that bears his name is merely the best known. In his 1960 work, he sought to demonstrate that the internationalisation of social costs was not always socially useful. In addition, he identified other institutional solutions to which systems can - and often do - resort. One of these solutions is to simply authorise the harmful activity without introducing mechanisms to internalise social costs. Beyond the abstraction of his ideas, Coase's method of analysis has not had a great influence on economists' thinking. His theorem, as it is commonly known, looks more like an elegant, abstract reflection then a tool for identifying institutional solutions to concrete societal problems. Among legal economists, however, Coase's teachings have had a greater influence. Unfortunately, even within this group of scholars, the conviction that external costs should, optimally, be internalised often emerges almost unconsciously in their literature. The risk inherent in this attitude lies in the possibility of finding systems for internalising social costs in legal institutions which do not appear to have such an underlying logic, as for example some kinds of tort liability.
2007-02-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7277/1/MPRA_paper_7277.pdf
Enrico, Baffi (2007): The Problem of Internalisation of Social Costs and the Ideas of Ronald Coase.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7863
2019-09-27T22:17:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7863/
Case Study in Iranian Criminal system
Zarrokh, Ehsan
K14 - Criminal Law
Criminal code is so important than other legal code, because its relevance to people life, honor and property. so I think if you want scrutiny develop of society you must note to its criminal law & penal procedure. In Iran we see that all of codes are based on FIGH (Islamic Rules); so it's necessary for Non-Muslim to understand SHARI'A rules, sake realizes roots of Islamic law, Punishments in criminal law are the most important ingredient of SHARI'A rules. In this paper I'm trying to pore over punishments and their reasons that state in Islamic legal books, because one of the basic sources in Islamic law is theories of Islamic jurisconsult that explain in their books and treatises.
2008-03-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7863/3/MPRA_paper_7863.pdf
Zarrokh, Ehsan (2008): Case Study in Iranian Criminal system.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8104
2019-09-28T15:35:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443839
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493238
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8104/
Collaborative Research in India: Academic Institution v/s Industry
Neeraj Parnami, Neeraj Parnami
Bandyopadhyay, T.K.
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
D89 - Other
I28 - Government Policy
K11 - Property Law
A11 - Role of Economics ; Role of Economists ; Market for Economists
The term ‘collaboration’ is used to depict the all forms of agreement between academic institutions, corporate, universities, and any combination of such two or more parties who share the commitment to reach a common goal by using their resources available. Collaboration in Research and development (R&D) sector has been broadly used phenomenon for many years in India. In the collaborative research, the significant factors like time & cost being reduced to large extent because of sharing of the resources by the parties. Collaborative research contributes to the technological and economical development of the country. Collaboration avoids duplication in research.
But there are lots of questions, may be arising in your mind like: what is actual meaning of collaborative research? Why do industries collaborate with the academic institutions? What goes on in the collaborative research? What are the effects of collaborative research? Which type of policy do they have? and simultaneously there are lots of issues - involved in collaborative research like intellectual property rights, technology licensing, confidential agreement etc. how can all these issues be resolved before or during collaboration, so that a healthy relationship may be established for the future benefits of all the parties involved? The purpose of writing this paper is to shed the light on the solutions available of all these questions and the issues arise between the parties involved in the collaborative research program.
2008-02-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8104/1/MPRA_paper_8104.pdf
Neeraj Parnami, Neeraj Parnami and Bandyopadhyay, T.K. (2008): Collaborative Research in India: Academic Institution v/s Industry. Published in: SSRN
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8192
2019-10-01T04:44:01Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443836
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8192/
Diversity of Contract Law and the European Internal Market
Smits, Jan
D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
K12 - Contract Law
This contribution discusses the question whether diversity of contract law among the European member states is a barrier to cross-border trade. This question is important in view of the ongoing debate about the need for a unified European private law. It has tried to answer the question by building upon insights from psychology, economics and law. It turns out that no definitive answer can be given to the question whether the savings in transaction costs through the removal of legal diversity are greater than the losses caused by the termination of competition of legal systems.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8192/1/MPRA_paper_8192.pdf
Smits, Jan (2005): Diversity of Contract Law and the European Internal Market. Published in: The Need for a European Contract Law: Empirical and Legal Perspectives No. Groningen (2005): pp. 153-186.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8600
2019-09-28T08:02:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8600/
Crimes against property & ownership
Zar Rokh, Ehsan
Radmanesh, Mansour
K14 - Criminal Law
The most primeval crimes in all countries are crimes against property such as:
Burglary, Larceny, Arson, Embezzlement, False pretenses, Extortion, forgery, fraud, robbery, and etc these crimes engender when ownership existed. Lord can do any
possession in his/her property .If anyone trespasses to another one ownership prevailing law punishment him/her. Also we define these crimes in Islamic criminal
law; because Islamic rules are strange and prober must study very hard to understand the principle of Islamic rules because most of them don't have reasonable source
hence our definitions are so epitome because reader must study jurisprudence.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8600/1/MPRA_paper_8600.pdf
Zar Rokh, Ehsan and Radmanesh, Mansour (2007): Crimes against property & ownership.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8601
2019-09-28T04:50:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8601/
Comparative study about Crimes against the Person's
Zar Rokh, Ehsan
Radmanesh, Mansour
K14 - Criminal Law
In this article I want talk about crimes against person's crimes witch cause objection
of people's body and punishment by government in all societies.
Now I trying to have a comparative research of most important crimes in this category
in some countries and especially in Islamic criminal law based on Iran Islamic
criminal law.
Crimes describe in this article are: assault _ battery _ robbery _ kidnapping _ rape _
mayhem _ manslaughter – murder
I must say must describe about Islamic criminal law will statement in separate
articles.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8601/1/MPRA_paper_8601.pdf
Zar Rokh, Ehsan and Radmanesh, Mansour (2008): Comparative study about Crimes against the Person's.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8902
2019-10-26T18:33:01Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9418
2019-10-01T00:32:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9418/
Social wealth and optimal care
Darri-Mattiacci, Giuseppe
Langlais, Eric
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
Many accidents result in losses that cannot be perfectly compensated by a monetary payment. Moreover, often injurers control the magnitude rather than the probability of accidents. We study the characteristics of optimal levels of care and distribution of risk under these circumstances
and show that care depends on the aggregate wealth of society but does not depend on wealth distribution. We then examine whether ordinary liability rules, regulation, insurance, taxes and subsidies can be used to implement the first-best outcome. Finally, our results are discussed in the light of fairness considerations (second best).
2008-06-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9418/1/MPRA_paper_9418.pdf
Darri-Mattiacci, Giuseppe and Langlais, Eric (2008): Social wealth and optimal care.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9696
2019-10-01T10:33:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3233
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3136
7375626A656374733D4E:4E32
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3333
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9696/
Expected Legal and Financial Effects of the Continuation of the Process of Privatization of the Housing Fund in the Republic of Croatia
Matić, Branko
Brekalo, Miljenko
Marijanović, Goran
O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
K12 - Contract Law
O16 - Financial Markets ; Saving and Capital Investment ; Corporate Finance and Governance
N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions
L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions ; Privatization ; Contracting Out
K11 - Property Law
Since the fiscal burden of the citizens in the Republic of Croatia has reached its maximum, it is necessary to pay much more attention to non-fiscal financing of public requirements on the state level, as well as on the level of the units of local self-government. Significant non-fiscal income could be realized in the structure of the state budget and of the budgets of the units of local self-government, if the housing fund that used to be in public ownership and that is now the property of the Republic of Croatia were allowed for purchase.
In addition to financial effects, this would also have legal effects, which are even more important, because these apartments and houses could now be bought even by those categories of citizens that were not in the position to that before. By continuing the process of privatization of the housing fund, the Republic of Croatia would prove to its citizens that it is a democratic and social state in which the power derives from the people and belongs to the people as the community of free and equal citizens.
In this paper, the following methods were applied: analysis and synthesis, classification, comparative method, dialectical method, empirical method, and the case study method.
2002
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9696/1/MPRA_paper_9696.pdf
Matić, Branko and Brekalo, Miljenko and Marijanović, Goran (2002): Expected Legal and Financial Effects of the Continuation of the Process of Privatization of the Housing Fund in the Republic of Croatia. Published in: International Conference of the Faculty of Economics Sarajevo ICES 2002 (2002): pp. 75-80.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10077
2019-09-26T08:25:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10077/
Practical concepts in Contract Law
Ehsan, zarrokh
K12 - Contract Law
A contract is a legally binding exchange of promises or agreement between parties that the law will enforce. Contract law is based on the Latin phrase pacta sunt servanda (literally, promises must be kept) [1]. Breach of a contract is recognised by the law and remedies can be provided. Almost everyone makes contracts everyday. Sometimes written contracts are required, e.g., when buying a house [2]. However the vast majority of contracts can be and are made orally, like buying a law text book, or a coffee at a shop. Contract law can be classified, as is habitual in civil law systems, as part of a general law of obligations (along with tort, unjust enrichment or restitution).
2008-08-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10077/1/MPRA_paper_10077.pdf
Ehsan, zarrokh (2008): Practical concepts in Contract Law.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11518
2019-09-29T04:24:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463334
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11518/
Individual Enforcement Rights in International Sovereign Bonds
Häseler, Sönke
F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems
K12 - Contract Law
Sovereign bonds are notoriously hard to enforce. What little rights bondholders have can be vested either collectively or individually. It seems that investors, particularly in the US market, traditionally had a preference for the latter, which hindered financial market reform projects, such as the universal adoption of collective action clauses in 2003.
This paper uses a range of theoretical approaches to discuss whether it is indeed in the bondholder’s collective interest to be allowed to individually sue and attach the debtor country’s assets following a default. Furthermore, it examines the landmark case of Elliott Associates v. Peru to attempt a quantitative assessment of just how much sovereign bondholders actually value individual enforcement rights. I find that even the single most important event to reinforce creditor rights in recent years had no noticeable impact on bond prices.
2008-11-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11518/1/MPRA_paper_11518.pdf
Häseler, Sönke (2008): Individual Enforcement Rights in International Sovereign Bonds.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12253
2019-09-26T19:49:01Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12253/
Financial collateral Arrangements under Directive 2002/47/ec of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 June 2002
Ivan, Mangatchev
K12 - Contract Law
K22 - Business and Securities Law
K11 - Property Law
The aim in this article is to compare effect of financial collateral arrangements under
Directive 2002/47 EC. The starting point is the definitions of these contracts provided by the
Financial Collateral Directive. The financial collateral arrangements have their historical
roots in Roman law. Their effect introduces new legal framework in EU secured transaction
legislation. For appropriate understanding of their legal nature a comparative examination
between two secured transactions is needed. The conclusions of the article summarize the
ideas which may useful in future amendments of the Directive 2002/47 EC.
2008-05-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12253/1/MPRA_paper_12253.pdf
Ivan, Mangatchev (2008): Financial collateral Arrangements under Directive 2002/47/ec of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 June 2002. Published in: Social Science Research Network
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12406
2019-09-26T12:19:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463233
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3836
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12406/
Některé právní otázky související se zaváděním informačních systémů v nadnárodních firmách
Vymetal, Dominik
F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business
K12 - Contract Law
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
L86 - Information and Internet Services ; Computer Software
Abstract: One of noticeable features of globalization are rapid changes of information systems. If a company wants to be successful, it must carry out many actions having impact on information system. This increasingly concerns multi-national companies, which solve this challenge by multi-national ERP system implementations. Some basic formal prerequisites must be fulfilled to introduce successful multi-national ERP system. Harmonized legal, currency and custom systems in target countries are to be mentioned here in the first place. Intercompany decision system and culture are the next important point. After the delivering party is chosen, other important principles are to be complied with. Local specifics shall be taken into account in order to avoid conflicts, delays and language barriers. Proper definitions and clauses in all parts of the contract help to solve eventual problems during project and implementation stage. These topics must be mastered not only by company lawyers but by IT managers, too. This is why it is an opposite praxis to include tuition of special law lectures into management and information technology education.
2008-10-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12406/1/MPRA_paper_12406.pdf
Vymetal, Dominik (2008): Některé právní otázky související se zaváděním informačních systémů v nadnárodních firmách.
cs
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12536
2019-09-28T04:50:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35:4C3531
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12536/
On the Joint Use of Liability and Safety Regulation
Schmitz, Patrick W.
L51 - Economics of Regulation
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
K10 - General
The efficiency of two different means of controlling hazardous economic activities, namely ex post liability for harm done and ex ante safety regulation, is re-examined. Some researchers have stressed that the complementary use of these two instruments can be socially advantageous. Here it is argued that the models which have been built in order to support this view crucially depend on the assumption that there are persistent enforcement errors. It is demonstrated that such a rather unsatisfactory assumption is not needed if wealth varies among injurers.
2000
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12536/1/MPRA_paper_12536.pdf
Schmitz, Patrick W. (2000): On the Joint Use of Liability and Safety Regulation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13448
2019-10-10T18:06:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13448/
Ex Post Liability for Harm vs. Ex Ante Safety Regulation: Substitutes or Complements? Comment
Ewerhart, Christian
Schmitz, Patrick W.
K10 - General
Kolstad, Ulen and Johnson (1990) have conjectured that exclusive use of negligence liability leads to suboptimal choice of precaution in the presence of uncertainty and that ex ante regulation can correct these inefficiencies. We complete their argument by making a mild additional premise.
1998
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13448/1/MPRA_paper_13448.pdf
Ewerhart, Christian and Schmitz, Patrick W. (1998): Ex Post Liability for Harm vs. Ex Ante Safety Regulation: Substitutes or Complements? Comment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13453
2019-10-01T13:55:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4339
7375626A656374733D4B:4B30
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13453/
Tort Reform, Disputes and Belief Formation
Landeo, Claudia M.
C9 - Design of Experiments
K0 - General
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
K41 - Litigation Process
We experimentally study the effects of the split-award tort reform, where the state takes a share of the plaintiff's punitive damage award, on litigants' beliefs and bargaining outcomes. In addition, we study the formation of litigants' beliefs in a strategic environment. Our results provide support for coherence-based reasoning theories: coherence shifts in litigants' background beliefs (elicited before a role is assigned and after commitment to a choice at the pretrial bargaining stage) suggest bi-directionality between choices and beliefs. Our findings also suggest role-specific bias in the updating of plaintiffs' beliefs about firm's negligence. Finally, our findings indicate that split-awards affect plaintiffs' beliefs about fairness and lower out-of-court settlement amounts.
2009-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13453/1/MPRA_paper_13453.pdf
Landeo, Claudia M. (2009): Tort Reform, Disputes and Belief Formation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13880
2019-09-27T16:48:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3430
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13880/
Judicial Discretion and Sentencing Behavior
Freeborn, Beth
Hartmann, Monica
K40 - General
K14 - Criminal Law
This research studies the impact of changes to federal judicial discretion on criminal sentencing outcomes. The Feeney Amendment to the 2003 PROTECT Act restricted federal judges’ ability to impose sentences outside of the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines and required appellate courts to review downward departures. Using data on all federal sentences between 1999 and 2004, we examine the effect of the Feeney Amendment on the downward departures rate and prison sentence. We control for type of offense, district of sentencing, criminal history, and demographic characteristics of the offender, in order to isolate the changes in judicial sentencing due to the implementation of the Feeney Amendment. Our results suggest that the Feeney Amendment reduced the probability of a downward departure by 5% and increased prison sentences by two months. There is no evidence that judges adjust sentences in an effort to circumvent the intentions of the Feeney Amendment.
2009-01-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13880/1/MPRA_paper_13880.pdf
Freeborn, Beth and Hartmann, Monica (2009): Judicial Discretion and Sentencing Behavior.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14071
2019-09-29T17:27:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14071/
Another Look at the Deterrent Effect of Death Penalty
Choe, Jongmook
K14 - Criminal Law
K41 - Litigation Process
There is a question whether the execution rate is appropriate to examine the deterrent effect of death penalty. Instead of using execution rate, this paper uses dummy variables to
categorize states into different groups and to compare the group mean homicide rates. With U.S. state-level panel data for the period 1995 - 2006, this paper fails to find a significant homicide-reducing effect of death penalty.
2009-03-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14071/1/MPRA_paper_14071.pdf
Choe, Jongmook (2009): Another Look at the Deterrent Effect of Death Penalty.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14366
2019-09-28T11:53:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473238
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473333
7375626A656374733D47:4730
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14366/
Défaut de paiement stratégique et loi sur les défaillances d'entreprises
Chopard, Bertrand
Langlais, Eric
K2 - Regulation and Business Law
K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law
G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
K1 - Basic Areas of Law
G33 - Bankruptcy ; Liquidation
G0 - General
D14 - Household Saving; Personal Finance
We compare the influence of bankruptcy law on the risk of default and the rate of liquidation by banks. We show that it depends on whether it is pro-creditors or pro-debtors oriented, and on the intensity of competition between banks. Then , we analyse the various tools at the disposal of public authority in order to accomdate the transition from a pro-creditors regime to a pro-debtors one. In a sense, our results suggest that there may exist a kind of consistency between the aims assigned to law, the orientation of bankruptcy law and the level of competition in the banking system.
2009-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14366/1/MPRA_paper_14366.pdf
Chopard, Bertrand and Langlais, Eric (2009): Défaut de paiement stratégique et loi sur les défaillances d'entreprises.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14368
2019-09-26T21:50:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3132
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3431
7375626A656374733D44:4431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14368/
On unilateral divorce and the "selection of marriages" hypothesis
Langlais, Eric
K12 - Contract Law
K10 - General
J12 - Marriage ; Marital Dissolution ; Family Structure ; Domestic Abuse
K41 - Litigation Process
D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics
This paper revisits the issue of the unilateral divorce law, taking into account that: 1/ the decisions to engage in marriage and then to divorce or to stay married are fundamentally sequential decisions; 2/ household consumption has a large joint component, generating economies of scale. The unilateral divorce law is modelled through the combination of exclusive rights on the marriage dissolution and a monetary transfer to the parent having custody of the children. We analyze the influence of lternative compensation rules both in the short run (probability and efficiency of divorce) and in the long run (selection of marriages). We also show that a decrease in the costs of divorce proceedings has by no means commonplace consequences on marriage contracting; particularly when consideration of parents’ altruism and child support is introduced, more marriages are contracted
when the cost of divorces decreases.
2009-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14368/1/MPRA_paper_14368.pdf
Langlais, Eric (2009): On unilateral divorce and the "selection of marriages" hypothesis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14369
2019-09-28T04:29:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14369/
Deterrence of a criminal team: how to rely on its members' shortcomings?
Langlais, Eric
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
In this paper, we modelize a criminal organization as an agency where the Principal and the Agent have different sensibilities towards the risk of arrestation and punishment, and at the same time have different skills with respect to general organization tasks, crime realization or detection avoidance activities (i.e. allowing to reduce the probability of detection). In this set up, we first compare two regimes of exclusive sanctions (either the sanctions are borne by the Principal/beneficiary of the crime, or they are borne by the Agent/perpetrator of the crime), and we analyze the comparative efficiency of the various instruments which are at the disposal of public authorities to prevent corporation in criminal activities (frequency of control and level of monetary penalties). Finally, we study a case with joint liability.
2008-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14369/1/MPRA_paper_14369.pdf
Langlais, Eric (2008): Deterrence of a criminal team: how to rely on its members' shortcomings?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14746
2019-09-28T16:30:49Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14746/
Réttlæti og sérhagsmunir
Baldursson, Fridrik M.
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
K10 - General
This paper briefly summarizes recent research on justice, in particular Konow’s (2003) positive theory of justice. This research is then applied to recent events in Iceland: the attempt by Iceland’s largest bank to take over a savings bank. Shortly after the deal was announced the Icelandic Parliament quickly and unanimously passed a law which blocked it by creating a hold-up situation for the savings bank board: if it converts the bank to a corporation – as is necessary prior to takeover – an outside board will replace the present board. It is argued that the strong support for the law is puzzling when seen from the perspective of theories of pressure groups, regulatory threat and privatization. However, the paper claims that this may be explained by positive analysis of justice: the board played an ultimatum game against the general public and made what was perceived as an unfair proposal. The proposal was soundly rejected by the public, as usually happens when unfair offers are made in ultimatum games.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14746/1/MPRA_paper_14746.pdf
Baldursson, Fridrik M. (2004): Réttlæti og sérhagsmunir. Published in: Fjármálatíðindi , Vol. 51, No. 2 (2004): pp. 78-86.
is
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14749
2019-10-05T14:04:02Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14749/
Réttlæti og sérhagsmunir
Baldursson, Fridrik M.
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
K10 - General
This paper briefly summarizes recent research on justice, in particular Konow’s (2003) positive theory of justice. This research is then applied to recent events in Iceland: the attempt by Iceland’s largest bank to take over a savings bank. Shortly after the deal was announced the Icelandic Parliament quickly and unanimously passed a law which blocked it by creating a hold-up situation for the savings bank board: if it converts the bank to a corporation – as is necessary prior to takeover – an outside board will replace the present board. It is argued that the strong support for the law is puzzling when seen from the perspective of theories of pressure groups, regulatory threat and privatization. However, the paper claims that this may be explained by positive analysis of justice: the board played an ultimatum game against the general public and made what was perceived as an unfair proposal. The proposal was soundly rejected by the public, as usually happens when unfair offers are made in ultimatum games.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14749/1/MPRA_paper_14749.pdf
Baldursson, Fridrik M. (2004): Réttlæti og sérhagsmunir. Published in: Fjármálatíðindi , Vol. 51, No. 2 (2004): pp. 78-86.
is
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16140
2019-10-09T07:11:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834
7375626A656374733D44:4437
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483732
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3139
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483733
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16140/
Development of Direct Democracy in Swiss Cantons between 1997 and 2003
Fischer, Justina AV
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
K19 - Other
H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
N40 - General, International, or Comparative
This paper describes institutions of direct democracy between 1997 and 2003 in 26 Swiss cantons (states), specifically the statutory initiative and referendum, the constitutional initiative, and the fiscal referendum. In particular, it discusses their applications, but also the legal requirements for making use of them, including the signature requirements, the time available for their collection, and the financial thresholds. Optional and mandatory forms of these direct-legislative institutions are distinguished.
This paper also provides calculations of the index and sub-indices of direct democracy for the additional years 1997 to 2003, in continuation of Stutzer (1999), using the identical methodology. Extending Trechsel and Serdült (1999) and Stutzer (1999) this paper includes the political institutions of the so-called Landsgemeinde cantons. Description of these institutions is based on the author’s reading of 26 cantonal constitutions in their versions between 1997 and 2003.
2009-07-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16140/1/MPRA_paper_16140.pdf
Fischer, Justina AV (2009): Development of Direct Democracy in Swiss Cantons between 1997 and 2003.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16834
2019-10-01T04:19:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433330
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16834/
Revisting Property Crime and Economic Conditions: An Exploratory Study to Identify Predictive Indicators beyond Unemployment Rates
Yearwood, Douglas L.
Koinis, Gerry
C30 - General
K14 - Criminal Law
Numerous researchers have questioned the use of the unemployment rate as an explanatory factor in econometric studies which address the relationship between the economy and crime. This paper presents the findings from an exploratory study which sought to test the efficacy of the unemployment rate for predicting reported property crime rates and to identify other economic indicators which may also prove to be useful for predicting crimes with economic under tones or motives. Specifically, larceny-theft, burglary, motor vehicle theft, robbery, fraud and embezzlement. Given the exploratory nature of the study seven stepwise regressions were computed with unemployment only emerging as a significant predictor for one of the criminal offenses. Findings identified other useful economic variables, such as average wage and salary disbursements, supplemental security income receipts, the consumer price index and per capita personal income which should be considered in lieu of unemployment rates.
2009-06-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16834/1/MPRA_paper_16834.pdf
Yearwood, Douglas L. and Koinis, Gerry (2009): Revisting Property Crime and Economic Conditions: An Exploratory Study to Identify Predictive Indicators beyond Unemployment Rates.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16872
2019-10-04T06:39:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3334
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503438
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16872/
Licensing probabilistic Patents and Liability Rules: The Duopoly case
Vargas Barrenechea, Martin
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
P48 - Political Economy ; Legal Institutions ; Property Rights ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Regional Studies
K11 - Property Law
In this paper a game is used to compare the licensing
of a cost reduction innovations under lost profits (LP) and unjust
enrichment (UE), both damage rules that are used by courts in the
calculation of damages when a patent has been infringed.
The market is composed by two homogeneous firms that compete
in quantities (Cournot), both firmas produces a homogeneous good.
One of the firms (patent holder) develops a cost reduction innovation
(drastic or non-drastic) and got a patent for this innovation.
Under the shadow of probabilistic property rights, It is founded
that licensing by using royalty rate is preferred compared with fixed
fees, also it is observable little licensing (just big innovations).
By comparing LP against UE, it is concluded that for drastic innovation
the patentee and licensee are better off under LP. However
social welfare is greater under UE. In the case of a non drastic innovation
the results do not show a rule better than the other one.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16872/1/MPRA_paper_16872.pdf
Vargas Barrenechea, Martin (2009): Licensing probabilistic Patents and Liability Rules: The Duopoly case.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16988
2019-09-28T02:15:34Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16988/
"A serious business with plenty to play for: The PC, console and mobile gaming sector"
Heng, Stefan
I20 - General
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
K14 - Criminal Law
A10 - General
Not only the gamescom fair in Cologne and the games convention fair in Leipzig have recently shown that the often ridiculed games industry (PC, console and mobile gaming) has long since matured into a serious economic sector on a par with the film industry.
Since the days of TV games the gaming sector has been one of the fastest-growing areas of the media business.
The process of change within the sector continues apace, driven by technical, societal and economic factors.
This change is focused on the distribution channels, the revenue models, the development processes and the target demographics.
2009-08-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16988/1/MPRA_paper_16988.pdf
Heng, Stefan (2009): "A serious business with plenty to play for: The PC, console and mobile gaming sector". Published in: E-conomics No. 72 (28 August 2009): pp. 1-12.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17150
2019-10-01T21:47:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3836
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17150/
Protecting Children in Cyberspace
Ali, Muhammad
L86 - Information and Internet Services ; Computer Software
K14 - Criminal Law
This essay was written for the Essay competition organized by Pakistan Telecommunication Authority on World Telecommunication and Information Society Day May 2009. It discusses the issues faced by children while they surf online, including harrassment, exposure to adult material, behavioural and cultural issues. It also provides recommendations to provide safe access to the internet for children.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17150/1/MPRA_paper_17150.pdf
Ali, Muhammad (2009): Protecting Children in Cyberspace.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17223
2019-09-26T08:05:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17223/
Youth Crime: Causes and Remedies
Ali, Muhammad
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
K14 - Criminal Law
This essay was written for the essay competition organized by Ministry of Youth Affairs Government of Pakistan. It discusses the possible determinant factors of youth crimes in Pakistan and provides logical suggestion to tackle the problem.
2008-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17223/1/MPRA_paper_17223.pdf
Ali, Muhammad (2008): Youth Crime: Causes and Remedies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17593
2019-10-16T17:42:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3334
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503438
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17593/
Licensing probabilistic Patents and Liability Rules: The Duopoly case
Vargas Barrenechea, Martin
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
P48 - Political Economy ; Legal Institutions ; Property Rights ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Regional Studies
K11 - Property Law
In this paper a dynamic game is used to compare licensing of a cost reduction
innovations under lost profits (LP) and unjust enrichment (UE), both
damage rules used by courts in the calculation of damages when a patent has
been infringed.
The innovation, whose property right belongs to a firm (patent holder)
has a positive probability to be declared invalid in a court. The market is
composed by two homogeneous firms that compete in quantities (Cournot).
Licensing by using royalty rates is preferred compared with fixed fees,
it is observable little licensing (just big innovations).
LP is better (almost all cases) than UE for the industry and society. However
in the major of the cases consumers are better off under UE and in the
major of cases LP benefits more to the patent holder.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17593/2/MPRA_paper_17593.pdf
Vargas Barrenechea, Martin (2009): Licensing probabilistic Patents and Liability Rules: The Duopoly case.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18209
2019-10-01T04:45:31Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503337
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18209/
Contract Enforcement and Family Control of Business: Evidence from China
Yi, Lu
Zhigang, Tao
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
P37 - Legal Institutions ; Illegal Behavior
K12 - Contract Law
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
Family control of business is prevalent in developing economies, and one of the leading theories suggests that it is a response to weak contract enforcement in such economies. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of contract enforcement on the degree of family control of business using a sample of China's private enterprises. It is found that weaker contract enforcement is associated with the higher degree of family control of business. Our results are robust to the control for omitted variables and reserve causality issues, to the adjustment for the sample attrition bias, to the use of a sub-sample, and to the inclusion of other explanations for the family control of business.
2009-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18209/1/MPRA_paper_18209.pdf
Yi, Lu and Zhigang, Tao (2009): Contract Enforcement and Family Control of Business: Evidence from China. Forthcoming in: Journal of Comparative Economics
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18671
2019-09-28T04:40:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3333
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3334
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18671/
Zum Nutzen internationaler Standards bei der Vergabe von Genpatenten - Eine vergleichende Analyse am Beispiel der EU und Japans
Gilroy, Bernard Michael
Vollpert, Tobias
K33 - International Law
O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
K11 - Property Law
The specific characteristics of the R&D system of the modern molecular biotechnology lead to the fact that patent protection for genetic inventions cause almost simultaneously an useful information effect as well as a harmful blocking effect. Within this context, the present papers shows that the current attempts of the U.S., Japan, and the EU to establish consistent standards for patents in the area of genetic engineering, are only scarcely reasonable. Due to national distinctions of cultural and traditional conditions with view to the allocation and usage of property rights, an optimal patent system in Japan is not identical to one in Europe or the U.S.
2003-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18671/1/MPRA_paper_18671.pdf
Gilroy, Bernard Michael and Vollpert, Tobias (2003): Zum Nutzen internationaler Standards bei der Vergabe von Genpatenten - Eine vergleichende Analyse am Beispiel der EU und Japans.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18965
2019-09-28T15:32:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18965/
Die europäische Richtlinie für Genpatente - eine ordnungspolitische Institution aus Sicht der Patenttheorie
Gilroy, Bernard Michael
Vollpert, Tobias
K2 - Regulation and Business Law
K1 - Basic Areas of Law
The major legal regulation for patent protection of genetic inventions within the European Union (EU) is the so called 'Biopatentrichtlinie' (BPR). The goal of this guideline is the promotion of R&D in the area of genetic engineering. The following paper shows that the BPR lacks two important economic indicators which impede an efficient promotion of R&D. First, legal regulation provides the same levels of protection to genetic basic knowledge as well as to specific applications, even though free access to genetic basics is of vital importance for further progress of this sector. Second, even with the help of BPR, policy failed to reveal the limits of patent protection in the field of living matter. A fact that not only leads to significant uncertainties but from which also suffer small and medium sized enterprises, which were up to now the driving force of this young industry.
2002
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18965/1/MPRA_paper_18965.pdf
Gilroy, Bernard Michael and Vollpert, Tobias (2002): Die europäische Richtlinie für Genpatente - eine ordnungspolitische Institution aus Sicht der Patenttheorie.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19109
2019-09-26T12:33:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3437
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453236
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483736
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19109/
Democratisation via elections in an African 'narco state'? The case of Guinea-Bissau
Kohnert, Dirk
N47 - Africa ; Oceania
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
E26 - Informal Economy ; Underground Economy
H76 - State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
K14 - Criminal Law
Recent development cooperation with Guinea-Bissau, focussing on good governance, state-building and conflict prevention, did not contribute to democratization nor to the stabilization of volatile political, military and economic structures. Both the portrayal of Guinea-Bissau as failed ‘narco state' as well as Western aid meant to stabilize this state are based on doubtful concepts. Certainly, the impact of drug trafficking could endanger democratization and state-building if continued unchecked. However, the most pressing need is not state-building, facilitated by external aid, yet poorly rooted in the social and political fabric of the country, but nation-building by national reconciliation, as a pre-condition for the creation of viable state institutions.
2009-12-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19109/1/MPRA_paper_19109.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (2009): Democratisation via elections in an African 'narco state'? The case of Guinea-Bissau.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19565
2019-09-29T21:32:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D43:4331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19565/
How far are Portuguese prisons inefficient? A non-parametric approach
Marques, Rui
Simões, Pedro
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
K14 - Criminal Law
C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
In Portugal, as worldwide, especially in the past decades, crime has become an issue of increasing interest both for society and researchers. The global growth of criminality had several repercussions in the prison system. The most direct one was the overcrowding of prisons. This situation required a great amount of investment to increase the capacity of Portuguese prisons. Simultaneously, the value for money associated with the prisons’ budget has turned itself more and more relevant. These circumstances together emphasize the importance of assessing the prisons’ performance. This study measures the efficiency of Portuguese prison facilities by means of the non-parametric benchmarking approach of data envelopment analysis (DEA). However, due to the limitations of this technique, a bootstrap methodology is also applied in order to add more robustness to the results. Furthermore, a recent procedure is computed to evaluate congestion. The results show relevant levels of inefficiency in the Portuguese prison facilities, which represent an excess of several millions of Euros spent inadequately in this sector.
2009-12-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19565/1/MPRA_paper_19565.pdf
Marques, Rui and Simões, Pedro (2009): How far are Portuguese prisons inefficient? A non-parametric approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20046
2019-09-27T00:18:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453234
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20046/
Assessing substitution and complementary effects amongst crime typologies
Detotto, Claudio
Pulina, Manuela
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity
K14 - Criminal Law
This paper aims at assessing how offenders allocate their effort amongst several crime typologies. Specifically, complementary and substitution effects are tested amongst number of recorded crimes. Furthermore, the extent to which crime is detrimental for economic growth is also tested. The case study is Italy and the time span under analysis is from 1981:1 up to 2004:4. A Vector Autoregressive Correction Mechanism (VECM) is employed after having assessed the integration and cointegration status of the variables under investigation. The main findings are that a bi-directional complementary effect exists between drug related crimes and receiving, whereas a bi-directional substitution effect is detected between robberies, extortions and kidnapping and homicides and falsity, respectively. Furthermore, economic growth produces a positive effect on the growth of homicides, receiving and drug related crimes; while, the growth in robberies, extortion and kidnapping and falsity have a crowding-out effect on economic growth.
2010-01-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20046/1/MPRA_paper_20046.pdf
Detotto, Claudio and Pulina, Manuela (2010): Assessing substitution and complementary effects amongst crime typologies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20416
2019-09-26T23:38:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4233:423330
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3139
7375626A656374733D59:5938:593830
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20416/
Der Rechtsstaat in Deutschland und Spanien: Projektbeschreibung
Schulze, Detlef Georgia
Berghahn, Sabine
Wolf, Frieder Otto
B30 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K19 - Other
Y80 - Related Disciplines
K14 - Criminal Law
Das Dokument besteht aus einem "Geleitwort zur Reihe" der HerausgeberInnen und einer nicht namentlich gezeichneten Projektbeschreibung.
Dt. Zusammenfassung der Projektbeschreibung:
Das Projekt ist ein Beitrag zur insb. seit den 1980er Jahren geführten Debatte über die Verrechtlichung (span. juridificación) des Sozialen. Daß dieser Begriff im Deutschen und Spanischen, nicht aber bspw. im Englischen existiert, verweist auf den breiteren rechtshistorischen und rechtstheoretischen Rahmen, in den dieses Projekt eingebettet ist: Auf die dem deutschen und spanischen Begriff des Rechtsstaats / Estado de Derecho eigene Entgegensetzung von (metaphysischem) Recht und (parlamentarischem) Gesetz, die weder das britische Konzept der rule of law noch das französische Konzept des État légal kennen.
Die Verrechtlichung wurde bisher vor allem anhand der Praxis der staatlichen Verwaltungen sowie der Arbeits- und Wirtschaftsbeziehungen untersucht. Weitergehend ist aber zu fragen, ob eine solche Verrechtlichungsstrategie auch erfolgreich sein kann, wenn ein höheres Konfliktniveau vorliegt. Deshalb soll hier die Verrechtlichung im internationalen Vergleich anhand eines Extrembeispiels analysiert werden: der scharfen politischen und bewaffneten Konfrontation zwischen dem bundesdeutschen Staat und der Roten Armee Fraktion (RAF) sowie dem spanischen Staat und den Grupos de Resistencia Antifascista Primero de Octubre (Antifaschistische Widerstandsgruppen 1. Oktober - GRAPO).
Dabei sollte auch die Debatte über den Rechtsstaat eine neue Wendung erfahren: Während diese bisher auf den Gegensatz zwischen Nord- und Westeuropa einerseits sowie Süd- und Mitteleuropa andererseits fixiert war, sollen hier interne Differenzierungen des Rechtsstaats-Konzeptes analysiert werden: So soll nach dem Einfluß gefragt werden, den die unterschiedlichen politischen Situationen in Spanien und der BRD zum Zeitpunkt des Beginns jener Kämpfe und die unterschiedlichen ideologischen Vorstellungen von RAF und GRAPO/PCE(r) auf die Reaktionen der jeweiligen Staatsapparate hatten (und im Falle Spaniens: weiterhin haben). Was sind die Unterschiede und Ähnlichkeiten der Transformation politischer „Feinde” (Carl Schmitt) in die juristische Kategorie von ‚Angeklagten‘?
El documento consiste de un "prefacio para la colleción" de l@s editor@s y una descripción anonimo del proyecto.
Resumen de la descripción del proyecto:
El proyecto es una contribución al debate sobre la juridificación [Verrechtlichung] de lo
social que se ha dado en especial desde los años ochenta. El hecho de que este concepto exista en alemán y en español, pero no exista por ejemplo en inglés, indica ya el amplio marco de la historia y de la teoría del Derecho en el que se mueve este proyecto. En este sentido, la contraposición del derecho (metafísico) y de la ley (parlamentaria) es característica del concepto, alemán y español, de Estado de Derecho, pero no lo es del inglés rule of law [imperio de la ley] ni del francés État légal.
La juridificación se ha investigado sobre todo por medio de la práctica de la administración
estatal así como de las relaciones laborales y económicas. Si vamos más allá cabe
preguntarse, si tal estrategia de juridificación también puede tener éxito cuando existe un nivel más intenso de conflicto. Por ello, se debe analizar aquí la juridificación mediante el contraste de dos ejemplos extremos de ambos países: la encarnizada confrontación política y armada entre el Estado federal alemán y la Rote Armee Fraktion (Fracción del Ejército Rojo – RAF) así como entre el Estado español y los Grupos de Resistencia Antifascista Primero de Octubre (GRAPO).
Con ello, debería tomar un nuevo rumbo el debate sobre el Estado de Derecho: mientras que hasta ahora estaba anclado, de una parte, en la oposición Europa del Norte y Europa
Occidental, y de la otra, en la de Europa del Sur y Europa Central, se van a analizar aquí las diferencias internas del concepto de Estado de Derecho que se dan en este último
caso. Así, se va a plantear qué influencia han tenido en la reacción de los respectivos aparatos del Estado las diferentes situaciones políticas en España y en la RFA en el momento en que comenzaron esas luchas, así como las diferentes concepciones ideológicas de la RAF y del GRAPO/PCE(r). ¿Cuáles son las diferencias y las semejanzas en la transformación de los “enemigos” políticos (Carl Schmitt) en la categoría jurídica de ‘acusados’?
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20416/1/MPRA_paper_20416.pdf
Schulze, Detlef Georgia and Berghahn, Sabine and Wolf, Frieder Otto (2003): Der Rechtsstaat in Deutschland und Spanien: Projektbeschreibung. Published in: StaR P – Neue Analysen zu Staat, Recht und Politik / Serie W: working papers des DFG-Projektes „Der Rechtsstaat in Deutschland und Spanien“ , Vol. 2006, No. 1 : pp. 1-64.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20508
2019-09-28T00:34:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3833
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20508/
Evolutii legislative comunitare privind contractul de timesharing. Stadiul reglementarilor in Romania.
Cebuc, Iuliana
Iordache, Carmen
Pănoiu, Laura
K12 - Contract Law
L83 - Sports ; Gambling ; Restaurants ; Recreation ; Tourism
Time – sharing concept frequently occurs in the tourist field as a holiday formula used to improve a tourist assembly’s activities. As a consequence of latest contracts that envisage acquiring timeshare, long-term holiday product which have evolved and diversified, in order to enhance juridical security and protect consumers’ and enterprises’ interests they have imposed the need to adopt certain regulations both at European and national level.The actual doctrinal approach has in view an analysis of the reglementation level and consummers’ protection means assured by the Romanian and the community legislative body.
2010-02-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20508/1/MPRA_paper_20508.pdf
Cebuc, Iuliana and Iordache, Carmen and Pănoiu, Laura (2010): Evolutii legislative comunitare privind contractul de timesharing. Stadiul reglementarilor in Romania.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21918
2019-09-27T16:40:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463334
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3333
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21918/
Trustees versus Fiscal Agents and Default Risk in International Sovereign Bonds
Häseler, Sönke
F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems
K33 - International Law
K12 - Contract Law
Over the last ten years, institutions such as the IMF have launched several initiatives to change market
practice with respect to sovereign bond contract drafting in order to ease restructuring after defaults. The
first of these, the universal adoption of collective action clauses, was embraced by the market after some
hesitation. Another proposal - the more widespread appointment of trustees to represent bondholders in
times of crisis, to centralise enforcement action against the debtor and thus to facilitate debt relief - has so
far failed to have the desired impact. Amongst other potential reasons for this failure, the argument has
been made that to vest enforcement rights in the trustee, as opposed to individual bondholder rights,
would be to reduce the deterrence against opportunistic defaults and thus to exacerbate moral hazard.
Using a sample of secondary market bond spreads and information on default status, this paper assesses
empirically whether sovereign bonds issued under a trust structure indeed carry a higher default risk. It
finds no systematic evidence of either a spread premium or higher actual default rates for bonds with
collective enforcement rights.
2010-01-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21918/1/MPRA_paper_21918.pdf
Häseler, Sönke (2010): Trustees versus Fiscal Agents and Default Risk in International Sovereign Bonds.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21942
2019-09-29T04:24:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3333
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21942/
Contract law as an alternative possibility for investments in transition economies
Krasniqi, Armand
K33 - International Law
K12 - Contract Law
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
Each country which has gone through or is in the process of transition and social-economic transformation, in normal circumstances has its rational objectives to create the conditions for active participation in initial or advanced operations of the international business. Depending on the level of development and international business environment they adopt and execute specific investing strategies.
Every responsible government has its duty to evaluate the importance and cost of investments and to create legal possibilities for a safe environment. In practice, entrance and operation of particular enterprises in countries emerging late from economic transition but also in those which will emerge, in the conditions of scale economy, is evaluated to be difficult, if not to say impossible. In this case there is not much left to be chosen except that governments should seriously engage to approximate the legislation with well known international standards by applying international contract principles.
It is believed that in the phase of initial operation development, economic progress in the country can be easier, safer, and with low economic cost basing on well known alternative strategies of the entrance type through certain contracts internationally recognised. Alternative possibilities of entrance in trade, guaranteed by contract law of every country and which could be on the licence form, franchises, etc. should be evaluated by all means and possibly executed in order to be a part of international business environment.
2010-03-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21942/1/MPRA_paper_21942.pdf
Krasniqi, Armand (2010): Contract law as an alternative possibility for investments in transition economies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22020
2019-09-27T21:18:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D4B:4B30:4B3030
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3331
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22020/
Foreign Direct Investment and Civil Rights: Testing Decreasing Returns to Civil Rights
Ponce, Aldo
K12 - Contract Law
K00 - General
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
K11 - Property Law
K31 - Labor Law
P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
In this paper, I examine the effectiveness of improvements in political and civil rights for attracting foreign direct investment flows (FDI) into democracies. I contend that advances in the quality of democracy – specifically those concerning civil rights – present positive but decreasing marginal returns in attracting FDI inflows. I empirically prove this proposition by using panel data regressions within the Latin American and Eastern European contexts from periods following their democratization (1991-2003).
2010-03-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22020/1/MPRA_paper_22020.pdf
Ponce, Aldo (2010): Foreign Direct Investment and Civil Rights: Testing Decreasing Returns to Civil Rights.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22031
2019-09-28T09:34:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22031/
Ex ante Investment, Ex post Remedy, and Product Liability
Chen, Yongmin
Hua, Xinyu
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
L15 - Information and Product Quality ; Standardization and Compatibility
Low-quality products may cause consumer harm. A firm can reduce the probability of low quality through ex ante investment before sales, and can take remedy actions such as product recalls if it learns after sales that product quality is low. An increase in the firm's product liability increases its incentive for ex post remedy; more ex post remedy, however, may reduce the firm's ex ante quality investment. On the other hand, higher product liability increases consumer demand for the product, resulting in high output and hence greater return to ex ante investment. The trade-off between these two effects, the "substitution effect" and the "output effect", can lead to an inverted U-shaped relationship between ex ante investment and product liability. We find that the firm always prefers full liability whereas consumers might be better off with less than full liability. Full product liability tends to be socially optimal when the potential consumer loss from low quality is sufficiently high; otherwise partial liability can be socially optimal.
2010-04-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22031/1/MPRA_paper_22031.pdf
Chen, Yongmin and Hua, Xinyu (2010): Ex ante Investment, Ex post Remedy, and Product Liability.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22077
2019-10-04T16:28:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22077/
Supervised Principal Components and Factor Instrumental Variables. An Application to Violent CrimeTrends in the US, 1982-2005.
Travaglini, Guido
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
K14 - Criminal Law
C01 - Econometrics
Supervised Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) and Factor Instrumental Variables (FIV) are competing methods addressed at estimating models affected by regressor collinearity and at detecting a reduced-size instrument set from a large database, possibly dominated by non-exogeneity and weakness. While the first method stresses the role of regressors by taking account of their data-induced tie with the endogenous variable, the second places absolute relevance on the data-induced structure of the covariance matrix and selects the true common factors as instruments by means of formal statistical procedures. Theoretical analysis and Montecarlo simulations demonstrate that FIV is more efficient than SPCA and standard Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) even when the instruments are few and possibly weak. The prefered FIV estimation is then applied to a large dataset to test the more recent theories on the determinants of total violent crime and homicide trends in the United States for the period 1982-2005. Demographic variables, and especially abortion, law enforcement and unchecked gun availability are found to be the most significant determinants.
2010-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22077/1/MPRA_paper_22077.pdf
Travaglini, Guido (2010): Supervised Principal Components and Factor Instrumental Variables. An Application to Violent CrimeTrends in the US, 1982-2005.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22291
2019-09-30T03:46:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3431
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3331
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22291/
An analysis of bounded rationality in judicial litigations: the case with loss/disappointment averses plaintiffs
Langlais, Eric
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
K41 - Litigation Process
K31 - Labor Law
C72 - Noncooperative Games
For psychologists, bounded rationality reflects the presence of cognitive dissonance and/or inconsistency, revealing that people use heuristics (Tversky and Kahneman (1974)) rather than sophisticated processes for the assessment of their beliefs. Recent research analyzing litigations and pretrial negotiations also focused on boundedly rational litigants (Bar-Gill (2005), Farmer and Peccorino (2002)) relying on a naïve modelling of the self-serving bias. Our paper in contrast introduces the case for disappointment averse litigants, relying on the axiomatic of Gull (1991). We show that this leads to a richer analysis in comparative statics; at the same time, this proves to be … disappointing: for the purposes of public policies in favour of the access to justice, recommendations are quite ambiguous.
2010-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22291/1/MPRA_paper_22291.pdf
Langlais, Eric (2010): An analysis of bounded rationality in judicial litigations: the case with loss/disappointment averses plaintiffs.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22381
2019-09-26T22:57:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22381/
Ex ante Investment, Ex post Remedy, and Product Liability
Chen, Yongmin
Hua, Xinyu
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
L15 - Information and Product Quality ; Standardization and Compatibility
Low-quality products may cause consumer harm. A firm can reduce the probability of low quality through ex ante investment before sales, and can take remedy actions such as product recalls if it learns after sales that product quality is low. An increase in the firm's product liability increases its incentive for ex post remedy; more ex post remedy, however, may reduce the firm's ex ante quality investment. On the other hand, higher product liability increases consumer demand for the product, resulting in high output and hence greater return to ex ante investment. The trade-off between these two effects, the "substitution effect" and the "output effect", can lead to an inverted U-shaped relationship between ex ante investment and product liability. We find that the firm always prefers full liability whereas consumers might be better off with less than full liability. Full product liability tends to be socially optimal when the potential consumer loss from low quality is sufficiently high; otherwise partial liability can be socially optimal.
2010-04-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22381/1/MPRA_paper_22381.pdf
Chen, Yongmin and Hua, Xinyu (2010): Ex ante Investment, Ex post Remedy, and Product Liability.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22946
2019-10-05T05:16:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3535
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3534
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3134
7375626A656374733D4D:4D33:4D3331
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3233
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3333
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3531
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22946/
Study on Agrarian Contracts in Bulgaria
Bachev, Hrabrin
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
M55 - Labor Contracting Devices
J54 - Producer Cooperatives ; Labor Managed Firms ; Employee Ownership
L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks
M31 - Marketing
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
L23 - Organization of Production
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
J33 - Compensation Packages ; Payment Methods
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
K12 - Contract Law
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
M51 - Firm Employment Decisions ; Promotions
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
This paper suggests a holistic framework for analysis of agrarian contracts and investigates the contractual structure in transitional Bulgarian agriculture. Firstly, it incorporates the interdisciplinary New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Behavioral and Political Sciences) and describes major mechanisms of governance of agrarian activity – institutional environment, market competition, private, collective and public order; and defines features of agrarian sale-purchase, lease, employment, service, loan, insurance and coalition contracts; and identifies technological, institutional, behavioral, dimensional, and transaction costs factors for contractual choice and specifies effective modes for contractual arrangements in agriculture; and determines the effective boundaries and sustainability of farm and agrarian organizations. Secondly, it analyzes the post-communist institutional and organizational modernization of Bulgarian agriculture, and assesses the efficiency of various modes for governing of land supply, and labor supply, and service supply, and inputs supply, and finance supply, and insurance supply, and marketing of output in different type of farms.
2010-05-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22946/1/MPRA_paper_22946.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2010): Study on Agrarian Contracts in Bulgaria.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23016
2019-09-29T04:52:36Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3230
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3233
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23016/
Informational Externalities and Settlements in Mass Tort Litigations
Deffains, Bruno
Langlais, Eric
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
K20 - General
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
K22 - Business and Securities Law
K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
K21 - Antitrust Law
K41 - Litigation Process
This paper elaborates on a basic model of mass tort litigation, highlighting the existence of positive informational externalities afforded by the discovery process (as a general technology of production of evidences) in order to study when a class action is formed, or when a sequence of individual trials is more likely. We illustrate the argument that when several plaintiffs file individually a lawsuit against the same tortfeasor, the resolution of the various cases through repeated trials produces positive informational externalities. When class actions are forbidden, these externalities only benefit to the later plaintiffs (through precedents, jurisprudence...). When they are allowed, the first filers may have an incentive to initiate a class action as far as it enables him to benefit from these externalities, through the sharing of information with later filers. We provide sufficient conditions under which a class action is formed, assuming a perfect discovery process. We also show that when contingent fees are used to reward attorneys' services, plaintiffs become neutral to the arrival of new information on their case.
2010-05-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23016/1/MPRA_paper_23016.pdf
Deffains, Bruno and Langlais, Eric (2010): Informational Externalities and Settlements in Mass Tort Litigations. Forthcoming in: European Journal of Law and Economics , Vol. 30, No. 2&3 (October 2010)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23270
2019-09-28T03:16:28Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3332
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D50:5030:503030
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423532
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443432
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453631
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23270/
Prospects of liberalization for S&T policies in Russia: institutional analysis
Kirdina, Svetlana
O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
K11 - Property Law
P00 - General
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
B52 - Institutional ; Evolutionary
D42 - Monopoly
E61 - Policy Objectives ; Policy Designs and Consistency ; Policy Coordination
O52 - Europe
B41 - Economic Methodology
The objective of the paper is to define the trajectory of economic institutional reforms in Russia as a framework of S&T policies. The methodology of this research is based upon the institutional matrices theory (Кирдина, 2001; Kirdina, 2003). The hypothesis claims that the “institutional nature” of Russia defines its prospects of liberalization and needs the active implementation of liberal market institutions policy only within a framework of modernization of redistributive state economic system. Modern S&T policy in Russia demonstrates the implications of such kind of development. The new institutional form of State Corporation that is non-profit organization under government regulation has been widely developed for last 3 years. The main sphere of State Corporations activity is high-tech development. The share of State Corporations in the state budget is more than 20% and it is constantly increasing.
2010-05-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23270/1/MPRA_paper_23270.pdf
Kirdina, Svetlana (2010): Prospects of liberalization for S&T policies in Russia: institutional analysis. Published in: Sociology of Science and Technology , Vol. 1, No. 2 (June 2010): pp. 10-28.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23352
2019-09-26T09:56:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3437
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453236
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483736
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23352/
Democratisation via elections in an African 'narco state'? The case of Guinea-Bissau
Kohnert, Dirk
N47 - Africa ; Oceania
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
E26 - Informal Economy ; Underground Economy
H76 - State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
K14 - Criminal Law
Recent development cooperation with Guinea-Bissau, focussing on good governance, state-building and conflict prevention, did not contribute to democratization nor to the stabilization of volatile political, military and economic structures. Both the portrayal of Guinea-Bissau as failed ‘narco state' as well as Western aid meant to stabilize this state by multi-party elections are based on doubtful concepts and assumptions. Certainly, the impact of drug trafficking could endanger democratization and state-building if continued unchecked. However, the most pressing need is not state-building, facilitated by external aid, yet poorly rooted in the social and political fabric of the country, but nation-building from below as a pre-condition for the creation of viable state institutions.
2009-12-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23352/3/MPRA_paper_23352.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (2009): Democratisation via elections in an African 'narco state'? The case of Guinea-Bissau.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23639
2019-10-01T14:49:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23639/
The Productivity Impacts of de Jure and de Facto Land Rights
Bellemare, Marc F.
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
K11 - Property Law
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
There is an important literature on the causal relationship between the quality of institutions and macroeconomic performance. This paper studies this link at the micro level by looking at the productivity impacts of land rights. Whereas previous studies used proxies for soil quality and instruments to control for the endogeneity of land titles, the data used here include precise measures of soil quality, which allow controlling for both the heterogeneity between plots and the endogeneity of land titles. Results indicate that de jure rights (i.e., titles) have no impact on productivity and de facto rights have heterogeneous productivity impacts. Productivity is higher for plots on which landowners report having the right to plant trees, but lower for plots on which landowners report having the right to build a tomb and the right to lease out. Moreover, while the right to lease out increases both the likelihood that the landowner has the intention to seek a title for her plot and her willingness to pay to do so, whether her children will enjoy similar rights on the plot has the opposite effect.
2010-07-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23639/1/MPRA_paper_23639.pdf
Bellemare, Marc F. (2010): The Productivity Impacts of de Jure and de Facto Land Rights.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23640
2019-09-27T20:27:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443836
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23640/
Insecure Land Rights and Share Tenancy in Madagascar
Bellemare, Marc F.
D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
K11 - Property Law
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
While most studies looking at the consequences of tenurial insecurity on land markets in developing countries focus on the effects of tenurial insecurity on the investment behavior of landowners, this paper studies the hitherto unexplored relationship between tenurial insecurity and contract choice in land tenancy. Based on a distinct feature of the interaction between formal law and customary rights in Madagascar, this paper augments the canonical model of share tenancy by making the strength of the landlord’s property right increasing in the amount of risk she chooses to bear within the contract. Sharecropping may thus emerge as the optimal contract even when the tenant is risk-neutral. Using data on landlords’ subjective perceptions of tenurial insecurity in a rural area of Madagascar, empirical tests strongly support the hypothesis that insecure property rights drive contract choice while offering little support in favor of the canonical hypothesis that risk sharing considerations drive contract choice.
2010-07-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23640/1/MPRA_paper_23640.pdf
Bellemare, Marc F. (2010): Insecure Land Rights and Share Tenancy in Madagascar.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23641
2019-10-02T17:54:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3836
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23641/
The Determinants of Music Piracy in a Sample of College Students
Bellemare, Marc F.
Holmberg, Andrew M.
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K11 - Property Law
L86 - Information and Internet Services ; Computer Software
Why do some individuals pirate digital music while others pay for it? Using data on a sample of undergraduate students, we study the determinants of music piracy by looking at whether a respondent’s last song was obtained illegally or not. In doing so, we incorporate (i) the individual-specific transactions costs that constitute the effective price of illegal music; and (ii) individual willingness to pay (WTP) for digital music, which we elicit using a simple field experiment and which we use to control for the unobserved heterogeneity of preferences between respondents. Our empirical results indicate that a respondent’s subjective probability of facing a lawsuit and her degree of morality both have a negative impact on the likelihood that her last song was obtained illegally. These results are robust whether WTP is estimated parametrically or nonparametrically. We conclude by discussing the practical implications of our findings.
2010-07-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23641/1/MPRA_paper_23641.pdf
Bellemare, Marc F. and Holmberg, Andrew M. (2010): The Determinants of Music Piracy in a Sample of College Students.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24028
2019-09-27T06:14:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3134
7375626A656374733D4B:4B30:4B3030
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3232
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3230
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3234
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24028/
Relational contract theory and management contracts: A paradigm for the application of the Theory of the Norms
Diathesopoulos, Michael
L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks
K00 - General
K12 - Contract Law
K22 - Business and Securities Law
L20 - General
L24 - Contracting Out ; Joint Ventures ; Technology Licensing
M13 - New Firms ; Startups
This paper examines management contracts as a paradigm for the application of relational contracts theory and especially of the theory of contractual and relational norms. This theory, deriving from Macauley's implications, but structured and analysed by I.R. MacNeil gives us a framework for the explanation and understanding of contractual obligations and business relations' rules and practice.
After presenting the key literature about the norms theory and especially defining the content of MacNeil's norms, we define management contracts as relations, characterised by a high relational element and we explain why, investigating all their features, which make them a suitable object for an application of norms theory.
Then, we select a list of the core obligations for the recipient, provider and both parties in such a relation and we analyse each obligation according to MacNeil's model of norms. Specifically, we test the application of specific relative norms to each obligation and we examine which norms appear in which obligation.
Finally, we concentrate our results and we result to our conclusions, based on a matrix showing the strength, breadth and depth of the application of each norm, while we also compare our results to those coming up from the application of a shorter comprehensive model of norms (Austen-Baker's model). The above analysis and tests provide us valuable results about the application, significance and practical value of the theory of the norms, about the significance of each norm for business relations and finally about the potential to present a more useful and comprehensive model of norms.
2010-06-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24028/1/MPRA_paper_24028.pdf
Diathesopoulos, Michael (2010): Relational contract theory and management contracts: A paradigm for the application of the Theory of the Norms.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24095
2019-09-28T21:07:20Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493233
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24095/
Copyright and Open Access for Academic Works
Müller-Langer, Frank
Watt, Richard
I23 - Higher Education ; Research Institutions
K19 - Other
In a recent paper, Prof. Steven Shavell (see Shavell, 2009) has argued strongly in favor of eliminating copyright from academic works. Based upon solid economic arguments, Shavell analyses the pros and cons of removal of copyright and in its place to have a pure open access system, in which authors (or more likely their employers) would provide the funds that keep journals in business. In this paper we explore some of the arguments in Shavell’s paper, above all the way in which the distribution of the sources of journal revenue would be altered, and the feasible effects upon the quality of journal content. We propose a slight modification to a pure open access system which may provide for the best of both the copyright and open access worlds.
2010-06-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24095/1/MPRA_paper_24095.pdf
Müller-Langer, Frank and Watt, Richard (2010): Copyright and Open Access for Academic Works. Published in: Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues , Vol. 1, No. 7 (2010): pp. 45-65.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24772
2019-09-26T10:03:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3134
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433930
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24772/
A simple economic teaching experiment on the hold-up problem
Balkenborg, Dieter
Kaplan, Todd R
Miller, Tim
L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks
K12 - Contract Law
C90 - General
The hold-up problem is central to the theory of incomplete contracts. It shows how the difficulty to write complete contracts and the resulting need to renegotiate can lead to underinvestment. We describe the design of a simple teaching experiment that illustrates the hold-up problem. The model used is a simple perfect information game. The experiment can hence also be used to illustrate the concept of subgame perfect equilibrium and the problem of making non-binding commitments.
2010-09-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24772/1/MPRA_paper_24772.pdf
Balkenborg, Dieter and Kaplan, Todd R and Miller, Tim (2010): A simple economic teaching experiment on the hold-up problem.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25054
2019-09-27T03:40:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433231
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25054/
Conviction, Gender and Labour Market Status: A Propensity Score Matching Approach
Sciulli, Dario
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
K14 - Criminal Law
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
This paper applies propensity score matching methods to National Child Development Study dataset to evaluate the effect of conviction on labour market status, paying specific attention to gender differences. Estimation results show that employment is strongly and negatively affected by conviction, while it increases self-employment, unemployment and inactivity. This possibly indicates employers’ stigmatization against convicted and discouragement effect after a conviction. However, conviction acts differently between males and females. It reduces employment probabilities by about 10% among males and by about 20% among females. More important, while males recover part of the reduced employment probability moving toward self-employment, conviction results in a strong marginalization on the labour market for females, as unemployment and, overall, inactivity strongly increase. This suggests a stronger discouragement effect for females and a different attitude toward self-employment. Social and economic policies aimed to fight social exclusion and to promote employment of convicted individuals should take into account also the great disadvantage of convicted females.
2010-06-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25054/1/MPRA_paper_25054.pdf
Sciulli, Dario (2010): Conviction, Gender and Labour Market Status: A Propensity Score Matching Approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25152
2019-09-30T04:01:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25152/
Common Denominators in White Collar Crime: I'm Special, You're Special, Let's Fleece them in Style
Herrman, C. S.
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K14 - Criminal Law
A14 - Sociology of Economics
Culture, cults and character are shown to be the “Three C’s” of graft and corruption. The notion of “conversation” is briefly allowed to link the perpetrator to his alter ego, victim or partner-in-crime, wherein are forged the origins of means, motive and opportunity—as also the ballast of the paper. The argument is made that a trained eye should expect the close interplay of culture and pathology, especially in matters of white collar crime, which is used throughout as the focus. By way of summary, these crimes are perpetrated by those with bipolar traits operating in a context of cultural permissiveness, and with selected tools (attitudes, e.g.) of cultural provenance.
2008-12-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25152/1/MPRA_paper_25152.pdf
Herrman, C. S. (2008): Common Denominators in White Collar Crime: I'm Special, You're Special, Let's Fleece them in Style.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25565
2019-09-27T07:50:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3433
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25565/
Rule of Law, Legal Development and Economic Growth: Perspectives for Pakistan
Hasan, Lubna
O43 - Institutions and Growth
K10 - General
Rule of Law and strong legal systems are considered a pre-condition for sustained development. Their relative weakness in the under-developed world is considered as the main obstacle to growth. Strengthening Rule of Law and legal systems has, therefore, become a standard advice from the developing community. Pakistan, too, has witnessed a surge in demand for Rule of Law in recent years. Capitalizing on this domestically garnered mandate, this paper reviews the legal obstacles to economic growth in Pakistan. It finds significant impediments for growth and market development due to legal shortcomings in the case of Pakistan.
2010-09-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25565/1/MPRA_paper_25565.pdf
Hasan, Lubna (2010): Rule of Law, Legal Development and Economic Growth: Perspectives for Pakistan.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25591
2019-09-26T12:23:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3433
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423135
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25591/
Derechos de propiedad y subjetivos en Juan de Mariana
Fernandez, Angel
O43 - Institutions and Growth
K12 - Contract Law
K11 - Property Law
B15 - Historical ; Institutional ; Evolutionary
P16 - Political Economy
This working paper aims to point out the ideas defended by the Spaniard Juan de Mariana in the early XVII century in his book “De Rege et Regis Institutione” and in his monetary treatise “De Monetae Mutatione”. Juan de Mariana not only summarized the ideas of the Spanish scholastics in such books, but also added powerful arguments to the defense of private property against the different forms of State coercion, a key concept in the political economics of an open society. That is to say, he bravely defended the strict protection of citizen's private property and subjective rights against the reason of State and tyrants. As a result of it, his book “De Rege et Regis Institutione” was burned in public in the year 1610 by order of the French Parliament. Furthermore, due to his monetary treatise, he was investigated by the court of Inquisition, which ordered his preventive imprisonment for one year. His work "De Monetae Mutatione" was persecuted in Europe by the Spanish ambassadors, who were ordered to recover and destroy all copies of his monetary masterpiece. There is no doubt that he was well known throughout Europe in the early decades of the XVII century, which was precisely when he clearly explained the main economic concepts which have been reflected in the works of later authors.
2010-09-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25591/1/MPRA_paper_25591.pdf
Fernandez, Angel (2010): Derechos de propiedad y subjetivos en Juan de Mariana.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25710
2019-10-01T08:53:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443032
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25710/
Safety and the Allocation of Costs in Large Accidents
Langlais, Eric
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
We study the characteristics of optimal levels of care and distribution of risk in a extended unilateral accident model, where 1/ parties are Rank Dependant Expected Utility maximizers, which allows us to capture two important behavioral characteristics in risk, both pessimism (probability transformation) and risk aversion; 2/ there exists an aggregate/uninsurable risk in case of accident ; 3/ tortfeasors have the opportunity to invest in damages reduction activities having a monetary cost of effort. Important results show that the optimal care is larger than under the risk neutral/small risks case, it depends on the aggregate wealth of society but does not depend on wealth distribution. We then examine whether ordinary liability rules, with or without insurance, can be used to implement the first-best outcome.
2010-09-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25710/1/MPRA_paper_25710.pdf
Langlais, Eric (2010): Safety and the Allocation of Costs in Large Accidents.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25801
2019-09-27T00:02:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3833
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25801/
Washington "Redskins" - Disparaging Term or Valuable Tradition?: Legal and Economic Issues Concerning Harjo v. Pro-Football, Inc.
Mark, Nagel
Daniel, Rascher
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
L83 - Sports ; Gambling ; Restaurants ; Recreation ; Tourism
K11 - Property Law
On October 1, 2003, Judge Colleen Koller-Kotellay issued a ruling finding there was insufficient evidence to decisively conclude that the name “Redskins” was disparaging to “American Indians” (Harjo v. Pro-Football, Inc., 2003). This judgment overturned a 1999 United States Patent and Trademark Office decision that had revoked the National Football League’s Washington Redskins’ exclusive right to the use of the term “Redskins,” trademarked by the team in 1967. The 1999 Patent and Trademark Office decision did not prevent the Washington football club from using their six different registered trademarks, but removed their protection from competitors also using the registered trademarks. The pivotal issue, according to Koller-Kotellay, was the amount of time that had intervened between the granting of the trademark in 1967 and the plaintiff’s initial lawsuit in 1992.
Harjo v. Pro-Football, Inc. raises many questions that will be the basis for the research: a) In light of Harjo, what is the legal threshold for determining legitimate contempt and/or disrepute? b) Under the Theory of Latches when is it too late to file a trademark infringement complaint? c) What are the stakes in this case, from both financial and policy perspectives?
This paper investigates the legal, policy, and financial considerations surrounding the Harjo decision, and more generally, the use of trademarks to generate licensed revenues.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25801/1/MPRA_paper_25801.pdf
Mark, Nagel and Daniel, Rascher (2007): Washington "Redskins" - Disparaging Term or Valuable Tradition?: Legal and Economic Issues Concerning Harjo v. Pro-Football, Inc. Published in: Fordham Intellectual Property, Media, and Entertainment Law Journal , Vol. 17, No. 3 (2007): pp. 789-804.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25932
2019-09-26T19:30:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3433
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423135
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25932/
Property and subjective rights in Juan de Mariana
FERNANDEZ, ANGEL
O43 - Institutions and Growth
K12 - Contract Law
K11 - Property Law
B15 - Historical ; Institutional ; Evolutionary
P16 - Political Economy
This working paper aims to point out the ideas defended by the Spaniard Juan de Mariana in the early XVII century in his book “De Rege et Regis Institutione” and in his monetary treatise “De Monetae Mutatione”. Juan de Mariana not only summarized the ideas of the Spanish scholastics in such books, but also added powerful arguments to the defense of private property against the different forms of State coercion, a key concept in the political economics of an open society. That is to say, he bravely defended the strict protection of citizen's private property and subjective rights against the reason of State and tyrants. As a result of it, his book “De Rege et Regis Institutione” was burned in public in the year 1610 by order of the French Parliament. Furthermore, due to his monetary treatise, he was investigated by the court of Inquisition, which ordered his preventive imprisonment for one year. His work "De Monetae Mutatione" was persecuted in Europe by the Spanish ambassadors, who were ordered to recover and destroy all copies of his monetary masterpiece. There is no doubt that he was well known throughout Europe in the early decades of the XVII century, which was precisely when he clearly explained the main economic concepts which have been reflected in the works of later authors. ENGLISH VERSION.
2010-10-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25932/1/MPRA_paper_25932.pdf
FERNANDEZ, ANGEL (2010): Property and subjective rights in Juan de Mariana.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28603
2019-09-29T04:43:11Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4430
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463138
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463032
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28603/
The Dilemma of Minerals Dependent Economy: The case of Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution in Nigeria
Kingston, Kato Gogo
D0 - General
K2 - Regulation and Business Law
F18 - Trade and Environment
K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
K1 - Basic Areas of Law
K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
This study empirically investigates the causal relationship between mineral exploration and environmental pollution in Nigeria with specific focus on natural gas and crude oil in Niger Delta region. The model of Granger causality tests was used. Quarterly data covering 2008 and 2009 were used in accordance with the Akaike (1976) minimum lag length for time-series analysis. The ADF unit root tests show that the null hypothesis of unit root is rejected and, the KPSS stationarity test result accepts the null hypothesis of "stationarity" implying that the variables are fit for the purpose of Granger causality analysis. The test for cointegration show that the variables are cointegrated at the trace level; this imply that gas flaring, environmental pollution and foreign direct investment are statistically linked. The regression on the ordinary least square illustrates that the impact of oil and natural gas exploration on the Nigerian environment is persistent in the long-run. The Granger-causality test result shows that there is one-way causality flowing from the flaring of gas by the foreign firms to the environmental pollution in Nigeria. The study finds a long-run uni-directional causal relationship flowing from mineral exploration to air, soil and water pollution.
2011-01-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28603/1/MPRA_paper_28603.pdf
Kingston, Kato Gogo (2011): The Dilemma of Minerals Dependent Economy: The case of Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution in Nigeria. Published in: African Journal of Social Sciences , Vol. 1, No. 1 (2 February 2011): pp. 1-13.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28607
2019-10-01T22:52:59Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3233
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28607/
The Dynamics of Gang Criminality and Corruption in Nigeria Universities: A Time Series Analysis
Kingston, Kato Gogo
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law
K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K14 - Criminal Law
K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
This study contributes to the understanding of the causal relationship between gang culture, criminality and corruption in Nigeria universities where both criminality and corruption are very high complementary variables. Writers on gang culture in Nigeria universities have largely omitted the empirical evaluation of the causal relationship between gang criminality and corruption. This study adopts the time-series models of Granger (1969) to investigate and explain the causality relationship of the variables. Using five years data (2005-2009) from 37 Universities across 36 States of Nigeria and Abuja, the federal capital territory; the results suggest that there is existence of reciprocal relationship between university gang culture, criminality and corruption. The results suggest that there is bi-directional causality relationship flowing between gang criminality and corruption in the universities.
2010-10-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28607/1/MPRA_paper_28607.pdf
Kingston, Kato Gogo (2010): The Dynamics of Gang Criminality and Corruption in Nigeria Universities: A Time Series Analysis. Published in: African Journal of Law and Criminology , Vol. 1, No. 1 (2 February 2011): pp. 52-63.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28608
2019-09-30T01:22:03Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3333
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3233
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28608/
Shell Oil Company in Nigeria: Impediment or Catalyst of Socio-Economic Development?
Kingston, Kato Gogo
K2 - Regulation and Business Law
K12 - Contract Law
K21 - Antitrust Law
K14 - Criminal Law
K11 - Property Law
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
K33 - International Law
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
K22 - Business and Securities Law
K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
K1 - Basic Areas of Law
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the She oil company, through investment and crude oil exploration, benefits socio-economic growth in Nigeria in general and in the Niger Delta of Nigeria in particular. In 1998, the United Nations Special Rapporteur's report on Nigeria accused Nigeria and Shell of violating human rights and failing to protect the environment, and called for an investigation into Shell activities in Nigeria. The report condemned Shell for arming the security forces which it regularly deploy to use lethal force civilians that protest against the oil firm.” The paper explores the matrix within which the socio-economic rights (human rights, development rights and environment rights) have been significantly marginalised and the implications of the lack corporate social responsibility and the lack of accountability of Shell to the inhabitants of the Niger Delta of Nigeria. With respect to environmental obligations, the paper discusses how environmental degradation in the Niger Delta has infringed on human rights thereby impeding growth and economic development. The paper suggests possible future directions and initiatives for civil society in making corporations more accountable to states, citizens and the planet.
2010-10-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28608/1/MPRA_paper_28608.pdf
Kingston, Kato Gogo (2010): Shell Oil Company in Nigeria: Impediment or Catalyst of Socio-Economic Development? Published in: African Journal of Social Sciences , Vol. 1, No. 1 (1 February 2011): pp. 14-34.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28630
2019-09-28T02:56:24Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28630/
Accomplishing Human Rights Justice in the context of Assets Confiscation: An Evaluation of the United Kingdom Drug Laws Enforcement
Kingston, Kato Gogo
K1 - Basic Areas of Law
K14 - Criminal Law
It is estimated that crude oil, tourism and illicit drug trade are among the top five most financially inducing business in the world. Drug cartels conducts sophisticated and well organised activities including money laundering and monitoring of large networks of their couriers. In past the decade, the United Kingdom has incurred large expenditure on the treatment of drug related illnesses and, on the enforcement of drug control laws. Several drug laws are enacted to dealing with the waves of illicit drugs in the country. There is controversy over the ways by which the properties of the drug traffickers and suspected drug dealer, are seized by the State; in order to seize anyone’s private property prior to commencement of legal proceedings to effect permanent forfeiture, the law enforcement agencies are only required to show “probable cause” that the property being seized is acquired with the profit of drug crime alternatively, that the property facilitates drug criminal activities. Using data from academic materials and United Kingdom case laws, the paper argues that the United Kingdom drug trafficking laws particularly the enforcement of “civil asset recovery” under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 and, the “Criminal confiscation” under the Drug trafficking Act 1994 violates the International Human Rights Laws.
2011-01-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28630/1/MPRA_paper_28630.pdf
Kingston, Kato Gogo (2011): Accomplishing Human Rights Justice in the context of Assets Confiscation: An Evaluation of the United Kingdom Drug Laws Enforcement. Published in: African Journal of Law and Criminology , Vol. No. 1, No. Number 1 (1 February 2011): pp. 13-26.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28812
2019-09-27T04:44:42Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463136
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3632
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3231
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443538
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503438
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483432
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483730
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3333
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483537
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3637
7375626A656374733D4B:4B30
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3334
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3234
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463139
7375626A656374733D48:4838:483832
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3639
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463138
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513137
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463137
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433031
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28812/
Trade sustainability impact assessment (SIA) on the comprehensive economic and trade agreement (CETA) between the EU and Canada: Final report
Kirkpatrick, Colin
Raihan, Selim
Bleser, Adam
Prud'homme, Dan
Mayrand, Karel
Morin, Jean Frederic
Pollitt, Hector
Hinojosa, Leonith
Williams, Michael
F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
L62 - Automobiles ; Other Transportation Equipment ; Related Parts and Equipment
H41 - Public Goods
K21 - Antitrust Law
D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
P48 - Political Economy ; Legal Institutions ; Property Rights ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Regional Studies
K11 - Property Law
H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
F15 - Economic Integration
H70 - General
K33 - International Law
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
L8 - Industry Studies: Services
H57 - Procurement
L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather Goods; Household Goods; Sports Equipment
K0 - General
O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
O24 - Trade Policy ; Factor Movement Policy ; Foreign Exchange Policy
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
F19 - Other
H82 - Governmental Property
L69 - Other
F18 - Trade and Environment
Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
O52 - Europe
B41 - Economic Methodology
C01 - Econometrics
Q58 - Government Policy
Commissioned by the European Commission, the Final Report for the EU-Canada Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA) on the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) provides a comprehensive assessment of the potential impacts of trade liberalisation under CETA. The analysis assesses the economic, social and environmental impacts in Canada and the European Union in three main sectors, sixteen sub-sectors and across seven cross-cutting issues.
It predicts a number of macro-economic and sector-specific impacts. The macro analysis suggests the EU may see increases in real GDP of 0.02-0.03% in the long-term from CETA, whereas Canada may see increases of 0.18-0.36%. The Investment section of the report suggests these numbers could be higher when factoring in investment increases. At the sectoral level, the study predicts the greatest gains in output and trade to be stimulated by services liberalisation and by the removal of tariffs applied on sensitive agricultural products. It also suggests CETA could have a positive social impact if it includes provisions on the ILO’s Core Labour Standards and Decent Work Agenda.
The study also details a variety of impacts in various “cross-cutting” components of CETA. It finds CETA would stimulate investment in Canada, and to a lesser extent in the EU; and finds costs outweigh the benefits of including controversial NAFTA-style investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) provisions in CETA. It predicts potentially imbalanced benefits from a government procurement (GP) chapter. The study assumes CETA will lead to an upward harmonisation in intellectual property rights (IPR) regulations, particularly in Canada, which will have a number of effects. It predicts some notable impacts in terms of competition policy, as well as trade facilitation, free circulation of goods and labour mobility.
2011-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28812/1/MPRA_paper_28812.pdf
Kirkpatrick, Colin and Raihan, Selim and Bleser, Adam and Prud'homme, Dan and Mayrand, Karel and Morin, Jean Frederic and Pollitt, Hector and Hinojosa, Leonith and Williams, Michael (2011): Trade sustainability impact assessment (SIA) on the comprehensive economic and trade agreement (CETA) between the EU and Canada: Final report. Published in: European Commission Trade Assessments (September 2011)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28844
2019-09-27T15:15:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28844/
Анализ некоторых аспектов реформы технического регулирования
Veselovsky, Alexander
K2 - Regulation and Business Law
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
Paper provides analysis of Russian technical regulation reform. Several questions of reform realization, which on our opinion, are of the primary importance, are taken within the focus of research. These are: national standards of old system (GOSTs) and international standards, involvement in reform of production companies, potential gains due to reduction of trade costs.
2009-06-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28844/1/MPRA_paper_28844.pdf
Veselovsky, Alexander (2009): Анализ некоторых аспектов реформы технического регулирования. Published in: Upravlenie kachestvom , Vol. 1, No. 6 (7 June 2007): pp. 51-52.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28861
2019-09-27T22:11:23Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28861/
Hate Source: White Supremacist Hate Groups and Hate Crime
Mulholland, Sean E.
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
K14 - Criminal Law
The relationship between hate group activity and hate crime is theoretically ambiguous. Hate groups may incite criminal behavior in support of their beliefs. On the other hand, hate groups may reduce hate crime by serving as a forum for members to verbally vent their frustrations or as protection from future biased violence. I find that the presence of an active white supremacist hate group chapter is associated with an 18.7 percent higher hate crime rate. White supremacist groups are not associated with the level of anti-white hate crimes committed by non-whites, nor do they form in expectation of future hate crimes by non-whites.
2011-02-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28861/1/MPRA_paper_28861.pdf
Mulholland, Sean E. (2011): Hate Source: White Supremacist Hate Groups and Hate Crime.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28978
2020-10-07T13:37:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28978/
The relationship between common management and ecotourism regulation: tragedy or triumph of the commons? A Law & Economics answer
Samà, Danilo
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
K11 - Property Law
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
Since its origin, ecotourism development has been at the centre of controversial and heated debates within the environmental and scientific society. On one hand, it has been considered as a model of responsible and sustainable tourism with the capacity to guarantee the conservation of the current biodiversity level and cultural identity, to educate the tourists about preservation and to improve the economic activity and the standard of living of the populations affected. On the other hand, it has been criticized for actually being a mere instrument in the hands of capitalist and western firms to commercially exploit the natural resources available in the less developed countries. Thus, are the ecotourism projects more likely to be profitable and successful in territories where the common resources are controlled by the state or managed by private firms? Considered the most frequent and spontaneous solution noticed in the ordinary daily life of the emerging countries, meaning natural resources owned communally by local institutions, does ecotourism impede or reinforce this management function of coordinating and controlling? The empirical researches conducted in literature tried to answer to some of the above-mentioned questions and offered the opportunity for a Law and Economics assessment of the problem related to the common-pool resources.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28978/1/MPRA_paper_28978.pdf
Samà, Danilo (2011): The relationship between common management and ecotourism regulation: tragedy or triumph of the commons? A Law & Economics answer.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29046
2019-09-28T16:42:51Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4430
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463138
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463032
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29046/
The Dilemma of Minerals Dependent Economy: The case of Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution in Nigeria
Kingston, Kato Gogo
D0 - General
K2 - Regulation and Business Law
F18 - Trade and Environment
K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
K1 - Basic Areas of Law
K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
This study empirically investigates the causal relationship between mineral exploration and environmental pollution in Nigeria with specific focus on natural gas and crude oil in Niger Delta region. The model of Granger causality tests was used. Quarterly data covering 2008 and 2009 were used in accordance with the Akaike (1976) minimum lag length for time-series analysis. The ADF unit root tests show that the null hypothesis of unit root is rejected and, the KPSS stationarity test result accepts the null hypothesis of "stationarity" implying that the variables are fit for the purpose of Granger causality analysis. The test for cointegration show that the variables are cointegrated at the trace level; this imply that gas flaring, environmental pollution and foreign direct investment are statistically linked. The regression on the ordinary least square illustrates that the impact of oil and natural gas exploration on the Nigerian environment is persistent in the long-run. The Granger-causality test result shows that there is one-way causality flowing from the flaring of gas by the foreign firms to the environmental pollution in Nigeria. The study finds a long-run uni-directional causal relationship flowing from mineral exploration to air, soil and water pollution.
2011-01-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29046/2/MPRA_paper_29046.pdf
Kingston, Kato Gogo (2011): The Dilemma of Minerals Dependent Economy: The case of Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution in Nigeria. Published in: African Journal of Social Sciences , Vol. 1, No. 1 (2 February 2011): pp. 1-14.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29051
2019-10-09T16:36:24Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29051/
Accomplishing Human Rights Justice in the context of Assets Confiscation: An Evaluation of the United Kingdom Drug Laws Enforcement
Kingston, Kato Gogo
K1 - Basic Areas of Law
K14 - Criminal Law
It is estimated that crude oil, tourism and illicit drug trade are among the top five most financially inducing business in the world. Drug cartels conducts sophisticated and well organised activities including money laundering and monitoring of large networks of their couriers. In past the decade, the United Kingdom has incurred large expenditure on the treatment of drug related illnesses and, on the enforcement of drug control laws. Several drug laws are enacted to dealing with the waves of illicit drugs in the country. There is controversy over the ways by which the properties of the drug traffickers and suspected drug dealer, are seized by the State; in order to seize anyone’s private property prior to commencement of legal proceedings to effect permanent forfeiture, the law enforcement agencies are only required to show “probable cause” that the property being seized is acquired with the profit of drug crime alternatively, that the property facilitates drug criminal activities. Using data from academic materials and United Kingdom case laws, the paper argues that the United Kingdom drug trafficking laws particularly the enforcement of “civil asset recovery” under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 and, the “Criminal confiscation” under the Drug trafficking Act 1994 violates the International Human Rights Laws.
2011-01-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29051/2/MPRA_paper_29051.pdf
Kingston, Kato Gogo (2011): Accomplishing Human Rights Justice in the context of Assets Confiscation: An Evaluation of the United Kingdom Drug Laws Enforcement. Published in: African Journal of Law and Criminology , Vol. No. 1, No. Number 1 (1 February 2011): pp. 13-26.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29250
2019-10-05T05:24:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29250/
European Union
Jomadar, Dinesh
K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law
K1 - Basic Areas of Law
N4 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation
The European Community has had a decidedly significant impact upon the legal systems of the Member States. It was established in 1957 by the Treaty of Rome, the main objectives being to develop stability throughout Europe by means of encouraging a closer union between member states. It has evolved a long way since having developed its own institutions and an autonomous legal system, with laws that bind each member state ultimately enabling it to regulate the rights and obligations of its members. It achieves this primarily through Treaties, a primary form of EC legislation that forms the basis of all other European Law. However the effect of EC treaties is unlike that of any other international agreement as the latter bind only states at an intergovernmental level and do not of themselves give rise to rights or interests which the citizens of the states can have enforced before their own national courts even if they are designed for the protection of individuals. Although the text of EC treaties does not indicate that their provisions will be any different, the ECJ has taken its own view as to the nature and effect of treaties known as the doctrine of ‘direct effect.’
This jurisprudential concept means that individuals are able to derive rights directly from community law, which can be enforced in their own national courts. It is a private species of enforcement, placing control in the hands of ordinary individuals as distinct from the public enforcement mechanism of community law as contained in Article 226 of the Treaty of Rome which enabled the Commission to bring proceedings against member states for breaches. This system was deficient in many ways as, not only was it unable to cope with the increasing work load and had insufficient remedies, it was political in nature. Direct effect, on the other hand, has allowed individuals to play a role and has potentially brought the community into the lives of every citizen. However despite its significance, it is important to put it into context of the many types of community law, not all of which entail direct effect or which can only be directly effective in certain circumstances, such as directives.
2008-08-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29250/1/MPRA_paper_29250.pdf
Jomadar, Dinesh (2008): European Union.
en
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