2024-03-29T10:09:06Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:500
2019-09-28T09:48:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/500/
Crime and Punishment in the "American Dream"
Di Tella, Rafael
Dubra, Juan
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K14 - Criminal Law
E62 - Fiscal Policy
P16 - Political Economy
We observe that countries where belief in the "American dream" (i.e., effort pays) prevails also set harsher punishment for criminals. We know from previous work that beliefs are also correlated with several features of the economic system (taxation, social insurance, etc). Our objective is to study the joint determination of these three features (beliefs, punitiveness and economic system) in a way that replicates the observed empirical patterns. We present a model where beliefs determine the types of contracts that firms offer and whether workers exert effort. Some workers become criminals, depending on their luck in the labor market, the expected punishment, and an individual shock that we call "meanness". It is this meanness level that a penal system based on "retribution" tries to detect when deciding the severity of the punishment. We find that when initial beliefs differ, two equilibria can emerge out of identical fundamentals. In the "American" (as opposed to the "French") equilibrium, belief in the "American dream" is commonplace, workers exert effort, there are high powered contracts (and income is unequally distributed) and punishments are harsh. Economists who believe that deterrence (rather than retribution) shapes punishment can interpret the meanness parameter as pessimism about future economic opportunities and verify that two similar equilibria emerge.
2006-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/500/1/MPRA_paper_500.pdf
Di Tella, Rafael and Dubra, Juan (2006): Crime and Punishment in the "American Dream".
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1145
2019-09-28T12:46:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3431
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1145/
Decomposing violence: terrorist murder in the twentieth century in the U.S.
Gomez-Sorzano, Gustavo
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
N41 - U.S. ; Canada: Pre-1913
K14 - Criminal Law
C13 - Estimation: General
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
Abstract: I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of murder in the United States (1900-2004). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order, crime legislation, alternation in power, social, and political unrest overseas as wars, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks in the country. The cyclical component estimated shows that, 9/11 2001 terrorist attacks occurred, two years after the end of the last declining cycle of 1994-1999. The estimated cyclical terrorist murder component warns, that terrorist attacks in U.S., soil from 1923 to 2004, historically occur in, and around the vicinity of the turning points, of whether a declining, or ascending cycle, and so, it must be used in future research to construct a model for explaining the causal reasons for its movement across time, and for forecasting cyclical terrorist murder, and terrorist attacks.
2006-06-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1145/1/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf
Gomez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2006): Decomposing violence: terrorist murder in the twentieth century in the U.S.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1148
2019-10-02T04:41:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1148/
Detection avoidance and deterrence: some paradoxical arithmetics
Langlais, Eric
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K40 - General
This paper extends Malik's (1990) analysis to the case where criminals'
avoidance efforts and public expenditures in the detection of criminals are
strategic complements in the aggregate technology of control of illegal
behaviours. In this set up, we show that whenever criminals' avoidance
efforts are more sensitive to the frequency than to the severity of
sanctions, it is always socially efficient to set the fine at the maximal
possible level. However, several paradoxical consequences occur: there may
exist overdeterrence at optimum; more repressive policies lead to less
arrestations of offenders while more crimes may be committed; at the same
time, the society may be closer to the first best number of crimes.
2006-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1148/1/MPRA_paper_1148.pdf
Langlais, Eric (2006): Detection avoidance and deterrence: some paradoxical arithmetics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1149
2019-10-01T21:00:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3430
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1149/
Criminals and risk attitude
Langlais, Eric
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K40 - General
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
K41 - Litigation Process
We show that whatever the representation of criminals' preferences under risk, the assumption according to which they are strongly risk averse individuals is not consistent with the available observations establishing that criminals are more sensitive to shifts in the probability of sanction than to changes in the level of the sanction. We suggest that: 1/ while a weakening of the risk aversion assumption may be useful, the risk seeking assumption may be better suited for criminals; 2/ the relevant assumption regarding criminals' risk attitude may depend on the policy instruments that models of crime deterrence take into account; 3/ additional experiments, including both monetary penalties and non monetary sanctions would be useful in order to learn more about their sensibility to probability, monetary and non monetary sanctions.
2006-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1149/1/MPRA_paper_1149.pdf
Langlais, Eric (2006): Criminals and risk attitude.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1575
2019-09-30T14:42:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443632
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483537
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3430
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1575/
Too much or not enough crimes? On the ambiguous effects of repression
Langlais, Eric
D62 - Externalities
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
H57 - Procurement
K40 - General
D60 - General
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal enforcement of the penal code when criminals invest in a specific class of avoidance activities termed dissembling activities (i.e. self-protection efforts undertaken by criminals to hedge their illegal gains in case of detection and arrestation). We show that the penal law has two screening effects: it separates the population of potential criminals between those who commit the crime and those who do not, and in the former group, between those who undertake dissembling efforts and those who do not. Then, we show that it is never optimal to use less than the maximal fine in contrast to what may occur with avoidance detection (i.e. efforts undertaken in order to reduce the probability of arrestation: Malik (1990)); and furthermore, that the optimal penal code may imply overdeterrence. Finally, we show that any reform of the penal code has ambiguous effects when criminals undertake dissembling activities which are a by-product of illegal activities, since increasing the maximum possible fine may increase or decrease the number of crimes committed and may increase or decrease the proportion of illegal gains hedged by criminals.
2007-01-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1575/1/MPRA_paper_1575.pdf
Langlais, Eric (2007): Too much or not enough crimes? On the ambiguous effects of repression.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1648
2019-09-27T13:34:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483236
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443330
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453634
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503230
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503236
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1648/
Price adjustment under the table: Evidence on efficiency-enhancing corruption
Levy, Daniel
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
D30 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
E64 - Incomes Policy ; Price Policy
P20 - General
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
P26 - Political Economy ; Property Rights
H40 - General
Based on first-hand account, this paper offers evidence on price setting and price adjustment mechanisms that were illegally employed under the Soviet planning and rationing regime. The evidence is anecdotal, and is based on personal experience during the years 1960–1971 in the Republic of Georgia. The description of the social organization of the black markets and other illegal economic activities that I offer depicts the creative and sophisticated ways that were used to confront the shortages created by the inefficient centrally-planned command economic price system with its distorted relative prices. The evidence offers a glimpse of quite explicit micro-level evidence on various types of behavior and corruption that were common in Georgia. Rent-seeking behavior, however, led to emergence of remarkably well-functioning and efficiency enhancing black markets. The evidence, thus, underscores once again the role of incentives in a rent-seeking society.
2007-01-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1648/1/MPRA_paper_1648.pdf
Levy, Daniel (2007): Price adjustment under the table: Evidence on efficiency-enhancing corruption.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1731
2019-10-03T17:50:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1731/
Simulating the enforcement policies for irregular sector in the Italian labour reform
Bonaventura, Luigi
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
E61 - Policy Objectives ; Policy Designs and Consistency ; Policy Coordination
In this paper an agent-based model (abm) will be used to study the effects
of enforcement policy in Italy: d.lgs. 124/2004. Three kinds of policy will be tested in the model: control, sanction and legitimacy-regulation. The first policy is based on the number of inspectors present in the economy; the second is defined by the magnitude of punishment; the third is measured by the social legitimacy of regulation. This simulation has produced a number of results, the most important of which are: the negligible influence of control increasing to enforce irregularity; the strong influence of the level of punishment on the irregularity ratio in all Italian areas;
the good political choice to increase the social legitimacy to regulation in promoting regularity.
2006-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1731/1/MPRA_paper_1731.pdf
Bonaventura, Luigi (2006): Simulating the enforcement policies for irregular sector in the Italian labour reform.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1958
2019-09-26T19:00:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1958/
Political economy of anti-corruption reform in two-candidate elections
Evrenk, Haldun
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
We analyze the effectiveness of some commonly discussed anti--corruption reforms on political corruption, using a theoretical model of competition between two candidates in a probabilistic voting setup. Candidates, who may differ both in their ability to produce the public good, and popularity with voters, propose a tax rate and a public good level. The budget constraint implies that taxes collected must equal the sum of funds used in public good production plus funds stolen by the elected politician. We identify the conditions under which constitutional constraints on policies, higher penalties for corruption, and higher wages for elected politicians increase (or decrease) voters' welfare. We discuss how the asymmetric information and the rigidity of constitutions reduce the effectiveness of the reforms, and how distributional effects of reforms may reduce the voters' support for a welfare--improving reform. Finally, we argue that effective reforms may not be proposed by both corrupt and honest politicians.
2002-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1958/1/MPRA_paper_1958.pdf
Evrenk, Haldun (2002): Political economy of anti-corruption reform in two-candidate elections.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3388
2019-09-26T22:00:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3534
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3436
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3537
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3388/
Using the Beveridge & Nelson decomposition of economic time series for pointing out the occurrence of terrorist attacks
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
K14 - Criminal Law
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
O54 - Latin America ; Caribbean
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
H56 - National Security and War
N46 - Latin America ; Caribbean
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
P10 - General
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
This paper continues my research program on violence and terrorism started 15 years ago. It presents in the first part through empirical exercises, the suitability of The Beveridge and Nelson decomposition of economic time series for pointing out the occurrence of terrorist attacks. It presents the simulation results of the hypothetical case of U.S., and Colombia experiencing, additional, and first three terrorist attacks similar to 9/11, 2001: for the U.S. additional attacks are simulated occurring in 1996, and 1998 with 24,950, and 61,516 casualties respectively; while for Colombia three attacks are artificially constructed independently in 1993 with 3,000 casualties, and 2001 with alternatives scenarios of 3,000 and 4,299 casualties. In the second part, while the model for terrorist attacks in U.S. soil is developed, and knowing that the geo-political context of the war in Iraq is different, Its objective, is to use the experience from Colombia to help policy, and decision makers understand the probable outcomes and implications of decisions taken today in regards to the war in Iraq. It uses the terrorist murder and attacks indicator from 1946 to 2001 for Colombia that assumes a 9/11 in Colombia killing 3,000 civilians, and that as its consequence the Colombian army started a strong confrontation against the enemy as the U.S did at that time. This indicator is used as dependent variable to re-estimate the model for cyclical terrorist murder for Colombia (Gómez-Sorzano 2006B, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/539/01/MPRA_paper_539.pdf) using it, for sensitivity analysis scenarios including troop deployment decisions identical to those already taken by the U.S. during the war in Iraq. The last section concludes showing dynamically how at this point, moderate troop withdrawals and disarmament, will reduce both the intensity of the conflict and the estimated terrorist murder and attacks indicator for the U.S.
2006-12-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3388/1/MPRA_paper_3388.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2006): Using the Beveridge & Nelson decomposition of economic time series for pointing out the occurrence of terrorist attacks.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3560
2019-09-27T12:23:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3339
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3560/
Do Freedom of Information Laws Decrease Corruption?
Tavares, Samia
K39 - Other
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
It has been argued that greater transparency is needed to reduce corruption. One way of increasing transparency is through the adoption of Freedom of Information (FOI) laws. This paper uses the introduction of FOI laws as a natural experiment to determine their effect on corruption. Using a sample of democratic countries and two different corruption indices, I find that countries that adopted FOI laws saw an increase in corruption. Results are robust throughout different specifications. Moreover, I find that countries with plurality systems potentially experienced a decrease in corruption following the adoption of FOI legislation. Having a parliamentary system, however, had no impact on the effect of the reform.
2007-05-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3560/1/MPRA_paper_3560.pdf
Tavares, Samia (2007): Do Freedom of Information Laws Decrease Corruption?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3776
2019-10-01T04:45:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483735
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483736
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433830
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3776/
Decomposing violence: terrorist murder and attacks in New York State from 1933 to 2005
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
H56 - National Security and War
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
H75 - State and Local Government: Health ; Education ; Welfare ; Public Pensions
K14 - Criminal Law
H76 - State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
C80 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of murder in the state of New York. (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks in the state. The estimated cyclical terrorist murder component warns that terrorist attacks in the state of New York from 1962 to 2005, historically occur in the estimated turning point dates, of whether a declining, or ascending cycle, and so, it must be used in future research to construct a model for explaining the causal reasons for its movement across time, and for forecasting terrorist murder and attacks for New York.
2006-12-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3776/1/MPRA_paper_3776.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2006): Decomposing violence: terrorist murder and attacks in New York State from 1933 to 2005.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3870
2019-09-26T17:46:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3870/
Economic Efficiency of Public Interest Litigations (PIL): Lessons from India
Raja, A.V
Rathinam, Francis
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
K41 - Litigation Process
Past interest in the phenomena of Public interest litigation has concentrated on a legal justification of PIL and on arguments based on “access to Justice” for the poor. There seems to be scant literature that looks at PIL from a Law and Economics perspective. This paper sets up a framework to analyze the economic efficiency of public Interest Litigation in the Indian context. We argue that PIL can be justified as an economically efficient choice of redressel if certain conditions are fulfilled. These are, insufficient incentive for private litigation, regulatory failures and the inability of class action to counter harm due to high transaction costs. Thus PIL is seen as an efficient method of bundling interests wherever there are failures of the kind mentioned. We delineate the kinds of economic activity that generate these specific conditions and analyze if PIL has been successful in such cases. We show that PILs filed in India do seem to stem from considerations of Economic efficiency, but there are instances where PIL may be used strategically to pull off private ends and open up a floodgate of litigation. We present only a basic direction of the research since this is still a part of on going research.
2005-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3870/1/MPRA_paper_3870.pdf
Raja, A.V and Rathinam, Francis (2005): Economic Efficiency of Public Interest Litigations (PIL): Lessons from India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4200
2019-09-26T13:42:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3537
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/
Terrorist murder, cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks in New York City during the last two centuries
Gomez-Sorzano, Gustavo
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
H56 - National Security and War
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
K14 - Criminal Law
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
: I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of murder of New York City – NYC (1797-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks in the city. The estimated cyclical terrorist murder component warns that terrorist attacks in New York City from 1826 to 2005, historically occur in the estimated turning point dates, of whether a declining, or ascending cycle, and so, it must be used in future research to construct a model for explaining the causal reasons for its movement across time, and for forecasting terrorist murder and attacks for New York City.
2007-01-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/1/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf
Gomez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Terrorist murder, cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks in New York City during the last two centuries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4342
2019-10-04T06:59:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3430
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433230
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433239
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/
Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Massachusetts
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
N40 - General, International, or Comparative
K14 - Criminal Law
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
H56 - National Security and War
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
C20 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
C29 - Other
Abstract: I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder in the State of Massachusetts. (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder warns that terrorist attacks in the U.S. from 1940 to 2005, have affected Massachusetts creating estimated turning point dates clearly marked by the most tragic terrorist attacks to the nation: the shut down in power in NYC in 1965, the World Trade Center Bombing in 1993, and 9/11 2001. The index for Massachusetts foretold with amazing precision those attacks, and must be used as a proxy for attacks for the Whole U.S along with indexes already constructed for the nation (http://mpra.ub.uni-uenchen.de/1145/01/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf) and, New York City (http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/01/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf). The indexes must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks and in models assessing the effects of terrorism on the U.S. economy.
2007-01-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/1/MPRA_paper_4342.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Massachusetts.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4360
2019-09-27T22:35:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4360/
Cycles of violence and terrorist attacks index for the State of Arizona
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
K14 - Criminal Law
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
H56 - National Security and War
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder in the State of Arizona (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder warns that terrorist attacks in the U.S. soil, and foreign wars fought by the country from 1941 to 2005, have affected Arizona creating estimated turning point dates clearly marked by the most tragic terrorist attacks to the nation: the shut down in power in NYC in 1965, the World Trade Center Bombing in 1993, and 9/11 2001. Other indexes already constructed include the attacks indexes for the U.S (http://mpra.ub.uni-uenchen.de/1145/01/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf), New York City (http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/01/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf), and Massachusetts (http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/01/MPRA_paper_4342.pdf). These indexes must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks, and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.
2007-01-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4360/1/MPRA_paper_4360.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Cycles of violence and terrorist attacks index for the State of Arizona.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4547
2019-10-02T15:18:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4547/
Cycles of violence, riots, and terrorist attacks index for the State of California
Gómez-sorzano, Gustavo
K14 - Criminal Law
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
H56 - National Security and War
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder in the State of California. (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order as riots, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder, or attacks index found is optimal, and warns that terrorist attacks against the U.S., and riots in California have created estimated turning point dates marked by those tragic events. The index peaked to point out the World Trade Center Bombing in 1993, and 9/11 2001, and for California it amazingly well captured the riots of 1965 and 1992. This paper belongs to the series of papers helping the U.S, and Homeland Security identify the closeness of terrorist attacks through the construction of Attacks indexes across the U.S. Other indexes constructed include the Index for the U.S. http://mpra.ub.uni-uenchen.de/1145/01/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf, New York State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3776/01/MPRA_paper_3776.pdf, New York City http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/01/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf Arizona State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4360/01/MPRA_paper_4360.pdf Massachusetts State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/01/MPRA_paper_4342.pdf. These indexes must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks, and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.
2007-01-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4547/1/MPRA_paper_4547.pdf
Gómez-sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Cycles of violence, riots, and terrorist attacks index for the State of California.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4604
2019-09-30T17:15:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4604/
Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Washington.
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
K14 - Criminal Law
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
H56 - National Security and War
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder in the State of Washington. (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder warns that terrorist attacks against the U.S. have affected Washington creating estimated turning point dates marked by the most tragic terrorist attacks to the nation: the World Trade Center Bombing in 1993, and 9/11 2001. This paper belongs to the series of papers helping the U.S identify the closeness of terrorist attacks, and constructs the attacks index for Washington. Other indices constructed include the Index for the U.S. http://mpra.ub.uni-uenchen.de/1145/01/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf, New York State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3776/01/MPRA_paper_3776.pdf,
New York City http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/01/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf, Arizona State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4360/01/MPRA_paper_4360.pdf, Massachusetts State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/01/MPRA_paper_4342.pdf., California http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4547/01/MPRA_paper_4547.pdf., Ohio, and Arkansas. These indices must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.
2007-01-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4604/1/MPRA_paper_4604.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Washington.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4605
2019-09-28T06:56:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4605/
Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Ohio
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
K14 - Criminal Law
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
H56 - National Security and War
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder in the State of Ohio. (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder warns that terrorist attacks against the U.S. have affected Ohio creating estimated turning point dates marked by the most tragic terrorist attacks to the nation: the World Trade Center Bombing in 1993, and 9/11 2001. This paper belongs to the series of papers helping the U.S identify the closeness of terrorist attacks, and constructs the attacks index for Ohio. Other indices constructed include the Index for the U.S. http://mpra.ub.uni-uenchen.de/1145/01/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf, New York State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3776/01/MPRA_paper_3776.pdf,
New York City http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/01/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf, Arizona State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4360/01/MPRA_paper_4360.pdf, Massachusetts State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/01/MPRA_paper_4342.pdf., California http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4547/01/MPRA_paper_4547.pdf. Washington http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4604/01/MPRA_paper_4604.pdf., and Arkansas. These indices must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.
2006-02-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4605/1/MPRA_paper_4605.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2006): Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Ohio.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4606
2019-09-29T04:50:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4606/
Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Arkansas
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
K14 - Criminal Law
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
H56 - National Security and War
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder in the State of Arkansas. (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part does not coincide with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder shows that terrorist attacks against the U.S. have not affected Arkansas, presenting this State as immune to the suffering of the nation, and to the occurrence of attacks. This paper belongs to the series of papers helping the U.S, and Homeland Security identify the closeness of terrorist attacks, and constructs the attacks index for Arkansas. Other indices constructed include the Index for the U.S. http://mpra.ub.uni-uenchen.de/1145/01/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf, New York State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3776/01/MPRA_paper_3776.pdf,
New York City http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/01/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf, Arizona State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4360/01/MPRA_paper_4360.pdf, Massachusetts State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/01/MPRA_paper_4342.pdf., California http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4547/01/MPRA_paper_4547.pdf., Washington http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4604/01/MPRA_paper_4604.pdf. , and
Ohio http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4605/01/MPRA_paper_4605.pdf. These indices must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.
2007-01-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4606/1/MPRA_paper_4606.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Arkansas.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4783
2019-09-27T06:25:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4783/
Terrorist murder, cycles of violence, and attacks index for the City of Philadelphia during the last two centuries.
Gómez-sorzano, Gustavo
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
K14 - Criminal Law
H56 - National Security and War
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the reconstructed time series of murder of the City of Philadelphia (1826-2004). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincides with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, breakdowns in social order, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and recently with the periodic terrorist attacks in to the United States. The estimated cyclical terrorist murder component warns that terrorist attacks to the U.S, have affected Philadelphia City creating turning point dates marked by those attacks. This paper belongs to the series of papers helping the U.S, and Homeland Security identify the closeness of terrorist attacks, and constructs the attacks index for Philadelphia. Other indices constructed include the Index for the U.S. http://mpra.ub.uni-uenchen.de/1145/01/MPRA_paper_1145.pdf, New York State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3776/01/MPRA_paper_3776.pdf, New York City http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4200/01/MPRA_paper_4200.pdf, Arizona State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4360/01/MPRA_paper_4360.pdf, Massachusetts State http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4342/01/MPRA_paper_4342.pdf., California http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4547/01/MPRA_paper_4547.pdf., Washington http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4604/01/MPRA_paper_4604.pdf., Ohio http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4605/01/MPRA_paper_4605.pdf, and Arkansas. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4606/01/MPRA_paper_4606.pdf. These indices must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.
2007-01-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4783/1/MPRA_paper_4783.pdf
Gómez-sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Terrorist murder, cycles of violence, and attacks index for the City of Philadelphia during the last two centuries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5094
2019-10-03T17:11:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5094/
Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Michigan
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
H56 - National Security and War
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
C50 - General
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder of Michigan State (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part does not coincide with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder shows that terrorist attacks against the U.S. have not affected Michigan, presenting this State, along with Arkansas as immune to the suffering of the nation, and to the occurrence of attacks. The State appears as having a growing index of permanent murder. This paper belongs to the series of papers helping the U.S, and Homeland Security identify the closeness of terrorist attacks, and constructs the attacks index for Michigan. Other indices constructed include the Index for the U.S., New York State, New York City, Arizona, Massachusetts, California, Washington, Ohio, Philadelphia City, Arkansas, Missouri, Florida, and Oklahoma. These indices must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.
2007-02-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5094/1/MPRA_paper_5094.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Michigan.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5095
2019-09-28T06:53:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433838
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3432
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433635
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433339
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5095/
Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Oklahoma
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
C88 - Other Computer Software
N42 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
H56 - National Security and War
C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
C39 - Other
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
I apply the Beveridge-Nelson business cycle decomposition method to the time series of per capita murder of Florida State (1933-2005). Separating out “permanent” from “cyclical” murder, I hypothesize that the cyclical part coincide with documented waves of organized crime, internal tensions, crime legislation, social, and political unrest, and with the periodic terrorist attacks to the U.S. The estimated cyclical component of murder shows that terrorist attacks against the U.S. have affected Oklahoma, creating estimated turning point dates marked by the most tragic terrorist attacks to the nation, and the State: the World Trade Center bombing in 1993, 9/11 2001, and the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building bombing This paper belongs to the series of papers helping the U.S, and Homeland Security identify the closeness of terrorist attacks, and constructs the attacks index for Oklahoma. Other indices constructed include the Index for the U.S., New York State, New York City, Arizona, Massachusetts, California, Washington, Ohio, Philadelphia City, Arkansas, Missouri, Florida, and Michigan. These indices must be used as dependent variables in structural models for terrorist attacks and in models assessing the effects of terrorism over the U.S. economy.
2007-02-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5095/1/MPRA_paper_5095.pdf
Gómez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Cycles of violence, and terrorist attacks index for the State of Oklahoma.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5655
2019-09-27T17:41:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433832
7375626A656374733D44:4439
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433532
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433837
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483434
7375626A656374733D44:4437
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3534
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3436
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D43:4332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5655/
Developing the concept of Sustainable Peace using Econometrics and scenarios granting Sustainable Peace in Colombia by year 2019
Gomez-Sorzano, Gustavo
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data ; Data Access
D9 - Intertemporal Choice
C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
C87 - Econometric Software
H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
O54 - Latin America ; Caribbean
N46 - Latin America ; Caribbean
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
H56 - National Security and War
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
C2 - Single Equation Models ; Single Variables
This paper belongs to my research program on violence and terrorism started in 1993, as a consequence of the growing concern regarding the increase in Colombian violence, and especially for its escalation during the 1990’s. After 14 years of research, particularly after developing a model of cyclical terrorist murder in Colombia 1950-2004, forecasts 2005-2019 (Gómez-Sorzano 2005, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/134/01/MPRA_paper_134.pdf), the econometrics of violence, terrorism, and scenarios for peace in Colombia from 1950 to 2019 (Gómez-Sorzano 2006, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/539/01/MPRA_paper_539.pdf), and Scenarios for Sustainable Peace in Colombia by year 2019 (Gómez-Sorzano 2006B, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/135/01/MPRA_paper_135.pdf) , I claim in this paper that I have formally developed the concept of Sustainable Peace using advanced econometrics. The concept of Sustainable Peace is thus presented to the international academic community, and is based in the construction of a structural econometric model for National murder, and a model for cyclical terrorist murder that have been simultaneously used for designing Scenarios granting Sustainable Peace in Colombia by year 2019.
2007-04-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5655/1/MPRA_paper_5655.pdf
Gomez-Sorzano, Gustavo (2007): Developing the concept of Sustainable Peace using Econometrics and scenarios granting Sustainable Peace in Colombia by year 2019.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5833
2019-09-26T09:13:32Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453639
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3239
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503231
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473332
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453631
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5833/
CAUSES OF BANKRUPTCY IN EUROPE AND CROATIA
Novak, Branko
Sajter, Domagoj
E69 - Other
K29 - Other
P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
G32 - Financing Policy ; Financial Risk and Risk Management ; Capital and Ownership Structure ; Value of Firms ; Goodwill
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
O52 - Europe
E61 - Policy Objectives ; Policy Designs and Consistency ; Policy Coordination
P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
Bankruptcy is an interesting object of research, being habitually perceived as a shocking and scandalous event, tarnishing management reputation, stigmatizing its owners, and regularly leading to a dishonourable death of the company, leaving outstanding debts in legacy. Its interdisciplinary character makes it even more challenging and extends the reasons for researching it in depth. Apart from these motives, recently a number of researchers significantly contributed to this field, and some of them will be presented in this paper.
On its way to becoming a member of the EU, the Croatian economy (and society in general) extensively compares its characteristics with the existing members. Since Croatian bankruptcy law is for the most part transferred from the corresponding German Insolvenzordnung (Insolvency law), German experiences in this field are especially interesting for Croatian bankruptcy researchers.
Even though being a part of the EU, the United Kingdom’s Anglo-Saxon legislative theory and practice is relatively different from those of mainland Europe, therefore making it attractive for comparison.
This triangle of country-specific bankruptcy features, where Germany and the United Kingdom embody rich diversity of the European Union, and Croatia symbolizes new member states (although not yet being a constituent) with their particular transition traits, is fit into Ooghe and Waeyaert’s (2004) universal, conceptual failure model.
Thus, first presented will be a general bankruptcy cause model. Ooghe and De Prijcker (2006) presented four main types of failure processes. Their findings of bankruptcy causes are based on a case study of bankrupt Belgian companies but can be generalized as universal bankruptcy causes. They are examined in the second section. According to this model country-specific (the United Kingdom, Germany and Croatia) insolvency causes will be studied.
Euler Hermes Kreditversicherung and the Center for Insolvency and Reorganization at the University of Mannheim published in November 2006 a comprehensive study of bankruptcy causes. This research and its results are exhibited in the third section, as well as an overview of the less recent Wieselhuber & Partner (2003) study of the insolvency causes and success factors of reorganization from the insolvency.
At the same time the Euler Hermes and the Center for Insolvency and Reorganization study was being finalized, unacquainted with it, a somewhat similar research was being conducted in Croatia. Our research of bankruptcy causes in Croatia is presented in the fourth section.
Finally, the concluding remarks will summarize the main findings of this paper.
2007-08-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5833/1/MPRA_paper_5833.pdf
Novak, Branko and Sajter, Domagoj (2007): CAUSES OF BANKRUPTCY IN EUROPE AND CROATIA. Forthcoming in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6935
2019-10-03T03:38:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6935/
Violence and Drug Prohibition in Colombia
Medina, Carlos
Martínez, Hermes
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions
We assess the role of inequality, poverty and drug prohibition, in explaining homicide rates(HR) in Colombia using panel data at the municipality level between 1990 and 1998. We use maximum likelihood estimation to evaluate several specifications of spatial models. When we pool the data we find a significant relation between the HR and poverty which is reinforced when the inequality variables are included in the regression. We use rates of arrest related to drugs as proxy for drug prohibition enforcement, and find no evidence of any net effect in this exercise. We proceed to estimate the model for every year since 1991 to 1998, and find mixed results along the analyzed period, with statistically significant positive coefficients for some years, evidencing a positive net effect for those years of drug prohibition on violence. This result calls for caution in the implementation of global policies meant to improve specific countries’ welfare, such as drug prohibition policies. On the other hand, our proxy for income inequality is not related to violence, while its relationship with poverty is weakly
positive.
2003-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6935/1/MPRA_paper_6935.pdf
Medina, Carlos and Martínez, Hermes (2003): Violence and Drug Prohibition in Colombia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7264
2019-09-27T04:45:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4B:4B30:4B3030
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7264/
Self reporting reduces corruption in law enforcement
Motta, Alberto
Burlando, Alfredo
O10 - General
K00 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
We consider a model of law enforcement where homogenous, risk neutral, and corruptible inspectors are responsible for monitoring firms' adoption of pollution prevention technology. A welfare maximizing government can implement appropriate wage policies to prevent collusion, but we find that governments characterized by high administrative costs in administrating fines, or by a low ability to spot and prosecute corruption, may prefer to let corruption happen. By allowing firms to purchase pollution permits in lieu of the technology, the government is able to increase welfare by reducing red tape, keeping a leaner monitoring force, and eliminating rents to its force. The use of permits further benefits society by allowing the country to fully eliminate corruption. This theory can be applied in a variety of law enforcement situations.
2007-01-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7264/1/MPRA_paper_7264.pdf
Motta, Alberto and Burlando, Alfredo (2007): Self reporting reduces corruption in law enforcement.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7592
2019-09-27T03:58:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7592/
The World is Flat: Modeling Educators’ Misconduct with Cellular Automata
Osipian, Ararat
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Misconduct in education is a serious problem internationally. As the education sector grows, so does the scale of misconduct. The large bureaucratic apparatus, overregulation, outdated and unclear rules, and poor audit create opportunities for abuse. The blending of public sector, private firms, and personal interests of educators and education bureaucrats leads to collusion and evolvement of different forms of misconduct, especially widespread in large university systems and school districts. Corruption and other forms of misconduct may be modeled in large educational organizations with strong vertical and horizontal ties with the help of cellular automata. This paper offers a theoretical framework and a methodology based on cellular automata to study corruption in large educational organizations, including school districts and state university systems. The presented methodology is based on cellular automata. In the essence of cellular automata are different programming characteristics designed to predict future misconduct. Starting with different cases or combinations of behavior on the workplace and working environment as initial conditions, the process of cellular automation simulates behavior of educators and results in images that depict likely future developments in educators’ misconduct within educational and bureaucratic organizations. Applicability of the offered methodology and its value is in modeling, simulation, and control.
2008-01-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7592/1/MPRA_paper_7592.pdf
Osipian, Ararat (2008): The World is Flat: Modeling Educators’ Misconduct with Cellular Automata.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7740
2019-10-26T19:22:59Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8031
2019-10-03T17:20:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8031/
Unmarried fertility, crime, and cocial stigma
Kendall, Todd
Tamura, Robert
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Children born to unmarried parents may receive lower human capital investments in youth, leading to higher levels of criminal activity as adults. Therefore, unmarried fertility may be positively associated with future crime. On the other hand, in an environment in which social stigma attached to non-marital fertility is high, many low match quality parents will choose (or be forced) to marry, and children reared in these families may actually be worse off than had their parents not married. We explore these effects empirically, finding that over the long run, unmarried fertility is positively associated with murder and property crime, but that the degree of social stigma has affected this relationship. For instance, our results suggest that some marriages in the 1940s and 1950s were of such low quality that the children involved would have been better off in single-parent households; however, this finding is reversed for marriages in the 1960s and thereafter – many marriages that would have benefited children have since been foregone. We also discuss implications for the debate over the “abortion-crime” link of Donohue and Levitt (2001).
2008-04-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8031/1/MPRA_paper_8031.pdf
Kendall, Todd and Tamura, Robert (2008): Unmarried fertility, crime, and cocial stigma.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8210
2019-09-27T04:52:37Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4D:4D32:4D3231
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8210/
Governance Redux: The Empirical Challenge
Kaufmann, Daniel
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
O10 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
M21 - Business Economics
P16 - Political Economy
Building from the 2002/03 contribution to the Global Competitiveness Report ("Governance Crossroads"), this paper argues that governance continues to be at a crossroad, its underperformance being evident in most regions and across many countries. This ('governance policy gap') contrasts with the strides that have been made in many countries in improving the content of macro-economic policies for well over a decade. Firms from emerging economies single out corruption and excessive bureaucracy among the top constraints to their business operations, while excessive bureaucracy and the tax regime are identified as top constraints by the respondent firms from the OECD. Neither inflation nor the exchange rate regime are rated as important constraints. Many countries currently have levels of governance that are insufficient to support their income levels and/or growth path, namely they experience a 'governance deficit', which we suggest it can be quantified.
We also review work analyzing the deeper determinants of governance, and find that in lower income countries the origins of a country's legal system may not matter significantly. Further, we empirically evaluate political dimensions of governance, such as the extent of 'capture' and undue influence by some politically connected powerful firms in shaping the regulations, laws and policies in a country. Unequal influence is closely associated with poor public and financial governance performance. Finally, this firm-level dataset permits the construction of a governance database at the city level, and initial results of an empirical exploration of determinants of city-level governance are presented. A key implication of this chapter refers to the focus on policies aimed at the nexus between corporate strategies and public governance—-emphasizing prevention, external accountability and transparency mechanisms—and challenges the value of traditional measures within the public sector (such as passing laws by fiat or creating new Anti-Corruption Commissions).
2003-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8210/1/MPRA_paper_8210.pdf
Kaufmann, Daniel (2003): Governance Redux: The Empirical Challenge. Published in: Global Competitiveness Report 2003-04
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8213
2019-09-29T04:26:40Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35:4C3531
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3230
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3133
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503130
7375626A656374733D4D:4D32:4D3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8213/
The Firms Speak: What the World Business Environment Survey Tells Us about Constraints on Private Sector Development
Kaufmann, Daniel
Batra, Geeta
Stone, Andrew H. W.
L51 - Economics of Regulation
O10 - General
L20 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
M13 - New Firms ; Startups
P10 - General
M21 - Business Economics
This chapter summarizes the salient results of the World Business Environment Survey (WBES). It shows that important dimensions of the climate for business operation and investment can be measured, analyzed, and compared across countries, and that governance is key to the business environment and investment climate. The survey findings suggest that key policy, institutional, and governance indicators affect the growth of a firm's sales and investment and the extent to which firms operate in the unofficial economy. Further, the paper provides empirical support for some commonly held notions, while challenging others. It suggests a link between taxation, financing, and corruption on the one hand, and growth and investment on the other, and it highlights the costs to economies where the state is captured by a narrow set of private interests.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8213/1/MPRA_paper_8213.pdf
Kaufmann, Daniel and Batra, Geeta and Stone, Andrew H. W. (2003): The Firms Speak: What the World Business Environment Survey Tells Us about Constraints on Private Sector Development. Published in: Pathways out of Poverty
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8461
2019-09-27T18:27:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8461/
Methodology of study of corruption in higher education
Osipian, Ararat
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
I22 - Educational Finance ; Financial Aid
Higher education in the U.S. may be characterized by complexity and plurality of forms. The Ivy League universities and those trying to replicate them, or so-called “wanna be” universities, coexist with numerous large public institutions, four-year colleges and community colleges. While the former are actively involved in business-driven projects in research and services, the latter are quite distant from these processes. Nevertheless, all of them serve the industries, first of all by training professionals for these industries. In this sense community colleges are not less linked to businesses than major research universities. Curriculum in community colleges is tailored to meet the demands of specific industries and more so often local labor markets. Woshburn (2005) presents the negative sides of the impact of industries on the academia in the book titled University Incorporated: The Corporate Corruption of American Higher Education. This book would be of high interest for policymakers, managers, and theorists. While policymakers, university administrators, and business managers will appreciate good description of forms of cooperation of industries and universities as well as problems that such cooperation creates or exacerbates and some of the prescriptions, offered by the author, theorists will find wealth of material on which to build some concepts and theories of social and ethical responsibility versus commercialization and perhaps even some interesting niches for possible corrupt activities in higher education.
2007-01-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8461/1/MPRA_paper_8461.pdf
Osipian, Ararat (2007): Methodology of study of corruption in higher education.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8471
2019-09-27T12:59:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493238
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8471/
Misdeeds in the US higher education: Illegality versus corruption
Osipian, Ararat
I28 - Government Policy
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
I22 - Educational Finance ; Financial Aid
Corruption in higher education has long been neglected as an area of research in the US. The processes of decentralization, commoditization, and privatization in higher education rise questions of accountability, transparency, quality, and access. Every nation solves problems of access, quality, and equity differently. Thus, although prosecuting corruption in higher education is part of the legal process in every country, the ways in which legal actions are undertaken differ. This paper addresses the question: How is corruption in higher education understood and defined in legal cases, what particular cases receive more attention, and how these cases correlate with the major educational reforms, changes, and socio-economic context in the nation? Specifically, it analyses records of selected legal cases devoted to corruption in the US higher education. Decentralized financing of higher education anticipates cost sharing based in part on educational loans. The US higher education sector grows steadily, and so do opportunities for abuse, including in educational loans. The rapid expansion of education sector leaves some grey areas in legislation and raises issues of applicability of certain state and federal laws and provisions to different forms of misconduct, including consumer fraud, deception, bribery, embezzlement, etc. Higher Education Act, False Claims Act, and Consumer Protection Act cover corruption as related to the state and the public sector; corruption as related to client, business owner, and an agent; and corruption as related to consumer-business relations. However, the legal frame is simplistic, while the system of interrelations in the higher education industry is rather complex.
2007-11-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8471/1/MPRA_paper_8471.pdf
Osipian, Ararat (2007): Misdeeds in the US higher education: Illegality versus corruption.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8472
2019-09-27T02:25:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8472/
Corruption as a legacy of the medieval university: Financial affairs
Osipian, Ararat
I21 - Analysis of Education
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
I22 - Educational Finance ; Financial Aid
Looking back upon the centuries one would suspect that in earlier ages universities of medieval France and Italy were very different from the multiplicity of organizational and institutional forms of higher education institutions in modern times, and yet one would be surprised how much these old universitas and modern universities have in common. One of the common features may be corruption and academic misconduct that can often bee seen in universities. The increasing scale and scope of corruption in higher education in the former Soviet Bloc as well as numerous other countries urges a better understanding of the problem within the context of socio-economic transformations. Corruption in higher education is deeply rooted in the organizational structure of each higher education institution. Corruption has a long history and a proud tradition. Corruption in higher education is an organic part of corruption overall, with its culture, traditions, functions, and mechanisms. The goal of this paper is to present a description of modern day higher education corruption from a historical perspective. This paper is based on the techniques of positive analysis along with some elements of comparative analysis, and withstands from normative or moral judgments. A well-structured description of higher education corruption in a historical context is helpful in developing strategies for its eradication or prevention. This paper first presents the concept of corruption as a historical category and then analyzes corrupt legacies at the stages of admission, teaching and learning, and graduation. It also addresses issues of funding, discrimination against foreign nationals, publishing, and state-university relations. The genesis of forms of corruption and the determination of corruption as such is understood in a changing historical context.
2004-05-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8472/1/MPRA_paper_8472.pdf
Osipian, Ararat (2004): Corruption as a legacy of the medieval university: Financial affairs.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8473
2019-09-28T15:47:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8473/
Methodology of research on corruption in education
Osipian, Ararat
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
I22 - Educational Finance ; Financial Aid
The book Battling Corruption in America’s Public Schools by Segal (2004) is well written, easy to read, very interesting and provocative, and offers to the reader a wealth of detailed information of corrupt cases in the system of public schooling as well as an overview of corrupt practices overall. The major contribution of the book is in its description of corruption and unsuccessful actions to prevent it as well as prescriptions that in the author’s opinion may help fight corruption. This makes the book groundbreaking research in the field of educational corruption, and corruption in public secondary education in particular. However, the book cannot be viewed as a revolutionary work. It is explained first of all by the absence of theoretical and methodological contributions to the interdisciplinary field of corruption, as well as by the lack of sophisticated theoretical lenses and frameworks applied in researching the topic. It is obvious that deeper theoretical developments are needed.
2007-01-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8473/1/MPRA_paper_8473.pdf
Osipian, Ararat (2007): Methodology of research on corruption in education.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8475
2019-10-02T12:52:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493233
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8475/
Higher education corruption in the world media: Prevalence, patterns, and forms
Osipian, Ararat
I23 - Higher Education ; Research Institutions
I21 - Analysis of Education
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Corruption in higher education is a newly emerging topic in the field of education research. There is a phenomenal growth in the number of media reports on corruption in higher education over the last decade. However, the rigorous systematic research on education corruption is virtually nonexistent. This paper considers corruption in higher education as reflected in the world media, including such aspects of corruption as its prevalence, patterns, and dominating forms. It follows publications in the specialized and the non-specialized media outlets in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Russian Federation. The publications are grouped depending on the particular problem they address. This criterion has been chosen as best addressing the issue of corruption internationally. Socio-economic context of educational reforms and changes in each country leaves its print on major forms of corruption in higher education. The findings help to determine which aspects of corruption in higher education should be given more consideration in the future research and which ones might be prioritized, as well as how the national systems of higher education can be improved.
2007-11-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8475/1/MPRA_paper_8475.pdf
Osipian, Ararat (2007): Higher education corruption in the world media: Prevalence, patterns, and forms.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8829
2019-09-26T08:44:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433739
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483236
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8829/
Social Interaction in Tax Evasion
Lipatov, Vilen
C79 - Other
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
We analyze the tax evasion problem with social interaction among the taxpayers.
If the authority commits to a fixed auditing probability, a positive
share of cheating is obtained in equilibrium. This stands in contrast to the
existing literature, which yields full compliance of audited taxpayers who are
rational and thus do not need to interact. When the authority adjusts the auditing
probability every period, cycling in cheating-auditing occurs. Thus, the
real life phenomenon of compliance fluctuations is explained within the model
rather than by exogenous parameter shifts. Our analysis can also be applied
to crime, safety regulations, employment and environmental protection, as well
as other compliance problems.
2008-03-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8829/1/MPRA_paper_8829.pdf
Lipatov, Vilen (2008): Social Interaction in Tax Evasion.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9925
2019-09-27T06:24:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C30
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9925/
Licensing probabilistic Patents: The duopoly case.
Vargas Barrenechea, Martin
L0 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
C72 - Noncooperative Games
In this work we study licensing games of non drastic innovations
under the shadow of probabilistic patents. We study the situation of a insider
innovator that get a new reduction cost innovation and acts in a duopoly
market under Cournout competition.
When the property rights are not ironclad the potential licensee additional
to the option of use the backstop technology instead of the new technology ,has
the option of infringe the patent. Under infringement the patent holder can
sue the infringer in a court and if its successful could get a order of damages
payment. Then when the infringer decides about what kind of technology
to use the infringement is always better than to use the backstop technology
then a difference of the ironclad licensing games probabilistic rights, change
the threats points and makes attractive for the patent holder just to license
big innovations under the Lost Profit rule.
2008-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9925/1/MPRA_paper_9925.pdf
Vargas Barrenechea, Martin (2008): Licensing probabilistic Patents: The duopoly case.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10679
2019-09-28T17:24:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3230
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10679/
Factors stimulating corporate crime in Malaysia
Puah, Chin-Hong
Voon, Sze-Ling
Entebang, Harry
K20 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Building on the perception of both existing and potential investors in Kuching, Sarawak, this study aims to identify the factors that appear to stimulate corporate crime activity in organizations. A survey was carried out by distributing questionnaires to both types of investors selected on randomly basis. The findings reveal that corporate crime activities are mostly due to inadequate cash security practices, inadequate supervision as well as a lack of internal auditing. To minimize the effects of corporate crime on investors and organizations, managers should pay extra attention to these factors. On the other hand, future research within the context of corporate crime may consider the extent to which organizational crime can affect the shareholder value creation of organizations.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10679/1/MPRA_paper_10679.pdf
Puah, Chin-Hong and Voon, Sze-Ling and Entebang, Harry (2008): Factors stimulating corporate crime in Malaysia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11328
2019-09-28T04:41:20Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3135
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433733
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11328/
Driving while black: do police pass the test?
Mason, Patrick L.
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination
C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games ; Evolutionary Games ; Repeated Games
Biased policing against racial and ethnic minorities is an important public policy issue. Theoretical analysis and empirical results on this issue has been plagued by an assortment of problems which confront research on the nature and significance of police discrimination
against social groups. This paper presents and applies a nonparametric test that is robust to a host of methodological difficulties. We theoretically and empirically contrast our non-parametric test with other tests that are prominent in the literature. Utilizing data provided by the Florida Highway Patrol, our empirical results strongly reject the null hypothesis that FHP troopers of different races do not engage in racially biased searches of stopped drivers. More particularly, there is evidence of police bias against African American male and Latino drivers by all officers and no evidence of police bias against white male drivers by any group of officers.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11328/1/MPRA_paper_11328.pdf
Mason, Patrick L. (2007): Driving while black: do police pass the test? Published in: Driving while black: do police pass the test? , Vol. 14, (2007): pp. 79-113.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11926
2019-09-30T16:41:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4E:4E39:4E3932
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11926/
Convergence of violent crime in the United States: Time series test of nonlinear
Baharom, A.H.
Habibullah, M.S.
Royfaizal, R. C
N92 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
This study examines the violent crime convergence among the fifty one states in the United States. The chosen method for this analysis is nonlinear unit root test due to Kapetanios et al. (KSS, 2003), which was later extended by Chong et al. (CHLL, 2008). KSS-CHLL nonlinear unit root was applied for the test of nonlinear convergence among the fifty one states with respect to the national average for the period 1960 to 2007. Result of the study indicates that eight cases of long run converging, two cases of catching up, while the remainder forty one are diverging from the national average.
2008-10-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11926/1/MPRA_paper_11926.pdf
Baharom, A.H. and Habibullah, M.S. and Royfaizal, R. C (2008): Convergence of violent crime in the United States: Time series test of nonlinear.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12218
2019-10-12T05:11:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C30
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12218/
Licensing Probabilistic Patents and Liability Rules: The Duopoly Case
Vargas Barrenechea, Martin
L0 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
C72 - Noncooperative Games
In a market with two homogeneous firms that compete in quantities (Cournot), one firm gets a patented cost reduction innovation. Under this
scenario the patent holder has the option to license or not this innovation to
the other firm. On the other side, the incumbent firm (without the patent)
could be continuing with the backstop technology, could be an infringer of the
patent or if a license is offered for the patent holder could become a licensee.
When the property rights are probabilistic, injunctions and damage payments play a fundamental role in the interaction between the patent holder
and the incumbent firm. Two damage rules are commonly used in the courts
to determine the size of the damage payment: Lost Profits and Unjust Enrichment.
In this paper a dynamic game is developed to compare lost profits (LP)
against unjust enrichment (UE), It’s assumed that the lifetime of innovation is
short enough for injunctions not to be important for the players (patent holder
and incumbent firm).
The results show that UE is at least as good as the LP rule from the point
of view of the welfare. Under UE no licensing is chosen by the patent holder
and infringement is chosen by the incumbent firm . Under the LP rule and
small innovations is observable the same situation as in UE however if the
innovation is enough big, Licensing is chosen by the patent holder and the
incumbent firm.
2008-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12218/2/MPRA_paper_12218.pdf
Vargas Barrenechea, Martin (2008): Licensing Probabilistic Patents and Liability Rules: The Duopoly Case.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12421
2019-09-27T20:46:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12421/
Child Rights Convention and its Implementation
Rena, Ravinder
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
Child labour is one of the severe problems faced by developed and developing economies. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) adopted on 20 November 1989 and entered into force on 2 September 1990. Nevertheless the challenges faced by the children remained the same. In some of the African and Asian countries children are exposed to vulnerable conditions due to various economic, social, cultural and political problems. This paper provides a general overview of the impact of poverty on child labour and child soldier. An attempt is made in this article to highlight and critically examine the problems of children in many developing countries. An attempt is also made to highlight what may be termed as tentative children issues and lessons emerging from Africa and India.
2006-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12421/1/MPRA_paper_12421.pdf
Rena, Ravinder (2006): Child Rights Convention and its Implementation. Published in: Indian Ocean Digest , Vol. 22, No. 1-2 (22 December 2007): pp. 1-11.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14360
2019-10-04T03:04:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483731
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14360/
More Tickets, Fewer Accidents: How Cash-Strapped Towns Make for Safer Roads
Makowsky, Michael
Thomas, Stratmann
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
C33 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of injury and death in the U.S. The role of traffic law enforcement in the reduction of accidents has been studied by relatively few papers and with mixed results that may be due to a simultaneity problem. Traffic law enforcement may reduce accidents, but police are also likely to be stricter in accident-prone areas. We use municipal budgetary shortfalls as an instrumental variable to identify the effect of traffic citations on traffic safety and show that budgetary shortfalls lead to more frequent issuance of tickets to drivers. Using a panel of municipalities in Massachusetts, we show that increases in the number of tickets written reduce motor vehicle accidents and accident related injuries, and that tickets issued to younger drivers have a larger effect in reducing accidents. The findings show that failure to control for endogeneity results in a significant underestimation of the positive impact of law enforcement on traffic safety.
2008-11-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14360/1/MPRA_paper_14360.pdf
Makowsky, Michael and Thomas, Stratmann (2008): More Tickets, Fewer Accidents: How Cash-Strapped Towns Make for Safer Roads.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14369
2019-09-28T04:29:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14369/
Deterrence of a criminal team: how to rely on its members' shortcomings?
Langlais, Eric
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
In this paper, we modelize a criminal organization as an agency where the Principal and the Agent have different sensibilities towards the risk of arrestation and punishment, and at the same time have different skills with respect to general organization tasks, crime realization or detection avoidance activities (i.e. allowing to reduce the probability of detection). In this set up, we first compare two regimes of exclusive sanctions (either the sanctions are borne by the Principal/beneficiary of the crime, or they are borne by the Agent/perpetrator of the crime), and we analyze the comparative efficiency of the various instruments which are at the disposal of public authorities to prevent corporation in criminal activities (frequency of control and level of monetary penalties). Finally, we study a case with joint liability.
2008-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14369/1/MPRA_paper_14369.pdf
Langlais, Eric (2008): Deterrence of a criminal team: how to rely on its members' shortcomings?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14686
2019-10-05T23:53:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14686/
Enforcement of Regulation, Irregular Sector, and Firm Performance
Bonaventura, Luigi
Orlando, Danilo
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
E61 - Policy Objectives ; Policy Designs and Consistency ; Policy Coordination
In this paper we investigate how enforcement of regulation affects the
size of irregular sector, firm perfomance and the exit rate to the market.
Three kinds of enforcement policy will be tested in the model: control,
punish and legitimacy. The first policy is based on the number of inspectors
present in the economy; the second is defined by the magnitude of
punish; the third is measured by the social legitimacy. Our results show
the negligible influence of control to enforce irregularity; the strong effect
of punish on irregular sector with a high exit rate; the good effect of
legitimacy policy in promoting regularity with a low output performance.
2007-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14686/1/MPRA_paper_14686.pdf
Bonaventura, Luigi and Orlando, Danilo (2007): Enforcement of Regulation, Irregular Sector, and Firm Performance.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14762
2019-09-26T13:45:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B30
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14762/
On the deterrent effect of individual versus collective liability in criminal organizations
Hauret, Laetitia
Langlais, Eric
Sonntag, Carine
K0 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Our paper addresses the question of the deterrent effect of a monetary sanction associated to a collective rather than an individual liability, when crimes are realized within a hierarchical gang (defined as a criminal organization where the leader is a sleeping partner, and several agents are active partners in the illegal or criminal activity). We develop a model where the active gang members face contradictory incentives to commit a crime. On the one hand, public authorities try to deter each gang member by imposing sanctions; on the second, the leader of the gang try to keep his members enough active in the gang by threatening them of private sanctions. We show that sanctions based on individual liability are inefficient to deter gang’s members since the leader overreacts on the public sanctions. In contrast, we show that a regime of collective liability, allowing the judge to sanction the sleeping partner even if he hasn’t realized any crime himself, can reach enough deterrence of the members of the gang.
2009-04-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14762/1/MPRA_paper_14762.pdf
Hauret, Laetitia and Langlais, Eric and Sonntag, Carine (2009): On the deterrent effect of individual versus collective liability in criminal organizations.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14892
2019-09-26T15:19:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14892/
les criminels aiment-ils le risque ?
Langlais, Eric
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
This papers studies three questions. What do we know about criminals 'preferences ? How should we represent such preferences ? What are the consequences for law enforcement policies ?
2009-04-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14892/1/MPRA_paper_14892.pdf
Langlais, Eric (2009): les criminels aiment-ils le risque ?
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14955
2019-09-26T14:42:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14955/
Терминологический словарь Коррупция в высшем образовании
Osipian, Ararat
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
I21 - Analysis of Education
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Higher education corruption is an emerging sub-field of research that has yet to develop its terminological apparatus and own specific research methodologies. The interdisciplinary nature of this sub-field predetermines its dependency on other well-established fields, such as microeconomics, organizational theory, political economy, education policy, and sociology. Accordingly, most of the terminology of higher education corruption is not unique fundamentally but derived from terminologies of social sciences. A specific professional language is required to communicate major issues in the field of study that may be formulated as higher education corruption. This Glossary presents terminology used in research and discussion of higher education corruption. It contains 155 terms and offers brief definitions and explanations of the terms. Most of the terms presented in this Glossary are not operational, i.e. they are often not very formal but useful in describing the phenomenon of corruption. They carry an explanatory function rather than function of operationalization. Operationalization is the process of strictly defining variables into measurable factors. Operationalization of higher education corruption anticipates development of a set of special terms that not only describe but put them into clearly defined measurable variables ready for quantitative analysis. This terminology does not rely on any particular conceptual approach to higher education corruption. Nor does it refer to any particular country or national educational system. Different terms apply better to different national educational systems, since the systems differ significantly and so do forms of corruption that may be found in these systems. All of the terms, presented in this Glossary, refer to corruption higher education even if not mentioned so specifically. This Glossary does not offer any references, nor does it offer further readings on the topic of corruption. Finally, this Glossary may be updated periodically, new terms may be added and descriptions of terms extended.
2009-04-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14955/1/MPRA_paper_14955.pdf
Osipian, Ararat (2009): Терминологический словарь Коррупция в высшем образовании.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15073
2019-09-30T16:42:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15073/
How petty is petty corruption? Evidence from firm survey in Africa
Clarke, George
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Recent firm-level surveys suggest that petty corruption is a serious problem for African firms, costing the average firm in many countries between 2.5 and 4.5 percent of sales. However, a minor difference in the way firms answer the question has a large effect on estimates of the size of the burden. On average, firms report payments that are between four and fifteen times higher when they report them as a percent of sales than when they report them in monetary terms. This paper discusses several possible reasons why there might be a difference including outliers, differences between firms that report bribes in monetary terms and firms that report them as a percent of sales, and the sensitivity of the corruption question. But none of these explanations explain the discrepancy. One plausible remaining reason is that firm managers overestimate bribes when they report them in percentage terms. If this is the case, petty corruption might be far less costly than the raw data suggest.
2008-04-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15073/1/MPRA_paper_15073.pdf
Clarke, George (2008): How petty is petty corruption? Evidence from firm survey in Africa.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15452
2019-09-28T04:43:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443032
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443830
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15452/
Information Transmission and Micro-structure rents in Emerging Markets
Siddiqi, Hammad
D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
D80 - General
G10 - General
This paper offers a first ever theoretical study of a unique financing instrument associated with prominent emerging equity markets in South Asia. The instrument known as badla, in local parlance, has two interesting aspects, which have been ignored thus far. Firstly, it may serve as an information transmission mechanism and can be thought of as an institutional response to information gaps in the emerging markets. Secondly, it creates new types of rents, called “market microstructure” rents for certain market players. These rents are then exploited to gain control of the governing boards of equity markets. Consequently, institutional inertia is created which hinders the badly needed reform process.
2009-02-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15452/1/MPRA_paper_15452.pdf
Siddiqi, Hammad (2009): Information Transmission and Micro-structure rents in Emerging Markets.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15534
2013-04-15T08:04:09Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16547
2019-09-26T08:50:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3439
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523539
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16547/
Organized crime and regional development. A review of the Italian case
Vittorio, Daniele
K49 - Other
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
R59 - Other
This paper offers a review of the effects of organized crime on regional economic development, with particular reference to the case of Italy. After reviewing the empirical studies that analyse the relationship between crime and economic development, the paper examines the regional distribution and the social costs of some crimes (in particular extortion) that can be linked to mafia type criminality.
2009-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16547/1/MPRA_paper_16547.pdf
Vittorio, Daniele (2009): Organized crime and regional development. A review of the Italian case.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17074
2019-09-27T12:45:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17074/
Gender, corruption and sustainable growth in transition countries
Michailova, Julija
Melnykovska, Inna
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
O10 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
Numerous studies have found negative connection between corruption level and economic development. At the same time few of them demonstrate correlation between women representation in politics and corruption level. This paper analyzes correlation between gender and corruption for a specific sample of countries, sharing common cultural and historical legacy – transition countries. Relationship between higher number of women in parliament and decreasing level of corruption is supported by data. Relations with other forms of women social activity were found to be insignificant. Contribution of this paper to the research literature on this topic is twofold. First analysis on gender and corruption in transition economies has previously not been done. Second, this study could also be used for the practical policies on fighting corruption by application of gender quotas.
2009-05-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17074/1/MPRA_paper_17074.pdf
Michailova, Julija and Melnykovska, Inna (2009): Gender, corruption and sustainable growth in transition countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17096
2019-09-28T06:56:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17096/
Gender, corruption and sustainable growth in transition countries
Michailova, Julija
Melnykovska, Inna
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
O10 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
Numerous studies have found negative connection between corruption level and economic development. At the same time few of them demonstrate correlation between women representation in politics and corruption level. This paper analyzes correlation between gender and corruption for a specific sample of countries, sharing common cultural and historical legacy – transition countries. Relationship between higher number of women in parliament and decreasing level of corruption is supported by data. Relations with other forms of women social activity were found to be insignificant. Contribution of this paper to the research literature on this topic is twofold. First analysis on gender and corruption in transition economies has previously not been done. Second, this study could also be used for the practical policies on fighting corruption by application of gender quotas.
2009-05-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17096/1/MPRA_paper_17096.pdf
Michailova, Julija and Melnykovska, Inna (2009): Gender, corruption and sustainable growth in transition countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17217
2019-10-02T00:46:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C30
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17217/
Licensing Probabilistic Patents and Liability Rules: The Duopoly Case
Vargas Barrenechea, Martin
L0 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
O3 - Innovation ; Research and Development ; Technological Change ; Intellectual Property Rights
In this paper a dynamic game is used to compare licensing of a cost reduction innovations under lost profits (LP) and unjust enrichment (UE), both damage rules used by courts in the calculation of damages when a patent has been infringed.
The innovation, whose property right belongs to a firm (patent holder) has a positive probability to be declared invalid in a court. The market is composed by two homogeneous firms that compete in quantities (Cournot).
Licensing by using royalty rates is preferred compared with fixed fees, it is observable little licensing (just big innovations).
LP is not always better or worst than UE, but the major of the cases consumers and society are better off under UE and in the major of cases LP benefits more to the patent holder.
2008-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17217/2/MPRA_paper_17217.pdf
Vargas Barrenechea, Martin (2008): Licensing Probabilistic Patents and Liability Rules: The Duopoly Case.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17227
2019-10-09T16:35:38Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3231
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17227/
Analysis of Current Penalty Schemes for Violations of Antitrust Laws
Kort, P. M.
Motchenkova, E.
K21 - Antitrust Law
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
The main feature of the penalty schemes described in current sentencing guidelines is that the fine is based on the accumulated gains from cartel activities or price-fixing activities for the firm. The regulations suggest modeling the penalty as an increasing function of the accumulated illegal gains from price fixing to the firm, so that the history of the violation is taken into account. We incorporate these features of the penalty scheme into an optimal control model of a profit-maximizing firm under antitrust enforcement. To determine the effect of taking into account the history of the violation, we compare the outcome of this model with a model where the penalty is fixed. The analysis of the latter model implies that complete deterrence can be achieved only at the cost of shutting down the firm. The proportional scheme improves upon the fixed penalty, since it can ensure complete deterrence in the long run, even when penalties are moderate. Phase-diagram analysis shows that, the higher the probability and severity of punishment, the sooner cartel formation is blocked. Further, a sensitivity analysis is provided to show which strategies are most successful in reducing the degree of price fixing. It turns out that, when the penalties are already high, the antitrust policy aiming at a further increase in the severity of punishment is less efficient than the policy that increases the probability of punishment.
2006-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17227/1/MPRA_paper_17227.pdf
Kort, P. M. and Motchenkova, E. (2006): Analysis of Current Penalty Schemes for Violations of Antitrust Laws. Published in: Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications , Vol. 128, No. 2 (February 2006): pp. 431-451.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17447
2019-09-27T01:16:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503231
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503337
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17447/
Education Corruption, Reform, and Growth: Case of Post-Soviet Russia
Osipian, Ararat
P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
P37 - Legal Institutions ; Illegal Behavior
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
This paper investigates a possible impact of education corruption on economic growth in Russia. It argues that high levels of education corruption may harm total factor productivity in the long run, primarily through lowering the level of human capital and slowing down the pace of its accumulation. Ethical standards learned in the process of training in universities can also affect the standards of practice in different professions. The growing level of productivity is not likely to reduce education corruption in the short run, but can eventually lead to implementation of higher ethical standards in the education sector.
2009-09-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17447/1/MPRA_paper_17447.pdf
Osipian, Ararat (2009): Education Corruption, Reform, and Growth: Case of Post-Soviet Russia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18677
2019-10-10T11:42:05Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473338
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18677/
Instruments for Promotion and Assurance of Public Integrity
Matei, Ani
Popa, Florin
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
G38 - Government Policy and Regulation
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
“The instruments” for supporting the strategies and programmes of public integrity represent a part of a general public integrity framework, comprising also the issue of ethics and public integrity, the legal framework, training and obviously the best practices used successfully by the public organisations. The current paper comprises the instruments concerning the integrity of civil service or institutional organisations, as well as their audit. The paper represents the fourth section of the book: “Public integrity: Theories and Practical Instruments,” published recently by NISPAcee. The first chapter of the paper refers on a large extent to the civil servants’ career, meritocracy, motivation of the civil servants as well as to Whistleblower. The second chapter is dedicated to the instruments concerning the institutional organisations, risk areas for corruption, indicators and transparency, blacklisting. In the third chapter, the audit instruments are aimed at the governmental mechanisms, comprising the method of audit of taxes, public contracts, electronic data etc. The theoretical approaches are accompanied by relevant examples from different states
2009-02-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18677/1/MPRA_paper_18677.pdf
Matei, Ani and Popa, Florin (2009): Instruments for Promotion and Assurance of Public Integrity. Published in: Public Integrity: Theories and Practical Instruments (15 February 2009): pp. 241-294.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19419
2019-09-30T05:23:38Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19419/
Crime and Fear
Borooah, Vani
Carcach, Carlos
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
This study uses unit record data from the Queensland Crime Victim Survey to analyse the joint likelihood of becoming a victim of, and being afraid of becoming a victim of, crime
1997
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19419/1/MPRA_paper_19419.pdf
Borooah, Vani and Carcach, Carlos (1997): Crime and Fear. Published in: British Journal Criminology , Vol. 37, No. 4 (1997): pp. 635-657.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19423
2019-09-26T19:07:44Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19423/
Terrorist Incidents in India, 1998–2004: A Quantitative Analysis of Fatality Rates
Borooah, Vani
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Using data from the University of Maryland’s Global Terrorism Database II, this paper first provides information on the nature of terrorist incidents in India in the period 1998-2004: the Indian states that were worst affected by terrorist incidents and fatalities; the terrorist groups responsible for such incidents and their modus operandi. Next, the paper focuses on the issue of fatalities from terrorist incidents. It inquires into the extent to which the number of fatalities following an incident was influenced by the type of attack (bombings, armed assault, etc.) and the extent to which it was influenced by the type of terrorist group. By examining the number of fatalities resulting from terrorist attacks in India, the paper disentangles the influence
on this number of attack type and attack group. Lastly, the paper applies Atkinson’s concept of equality-adjusted income to terrorism to arrive at the concept of equality-adjusted deaths from terrorist incidents: in order to avoid spectacular incidents resulting in the loss of a large number of lives—as in New York on September 11, 2001 and in Mumbai 26–29 November 2008—‘‘society’’ might be prepared
to tolerate ‘‘low-grade’’ terrorism which resulted in a larger number of deaths in total but avoided a large number of deaths from a single iconic incident.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19423/1/MPRA_paper_19423.pdf
Borooah, Vani (2009): Terrorist Incidents in India, 1998–2004: A Quantitative Analysis of Fatality Rates. Published in: Terrorism and Political Violence , Vol. 21, No. 3 (2009): pp. 476-498.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19954
2019-09-26T16:46:54Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473338
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19954/
Corruption, Transparency and Quality.Comparative Approaches and Judiciary Support
Matei, Ani
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
G38 - Government Policy and Regulation
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
The paper aims to achieve a synthesis of the systemic connections between corruption, transparency and quality of the public services. Situated at the interface between public and private, corruption has the political and administrative environments as important determinations.
Based on a series of papers from the area of corruption economics, the paper proposes a model of corruption dependency related to the political stability/instability as well as relevant comparisons concerning the social perception on corruption.
Approaching corruption and transparency from the perspective of the public integrity systems, based on a recent country study concerning Romania, the paper presents the corruption profile as well as a series of conclusions concerning the „integrity pillars” with special reference to the Parliament, Executive, Judiciary, Public administration etc.
The aspects presented are leading to the conclusion that corruption influences seriously the quality of the public services.
The imminent integration of Romania into the European Union determines sustained efforts of the public authorities from Romania in order to complete the legislative support of the anticorruption actions. These efforts are expressed in new normative deeds, aimed to fight against the power abuse, law breaking and fraud under all forms.
2006-05-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19954/1/MPRA_paper_19954.pdf
Matei, Ani (2006): Corruption, Transparency and Quality.Comparative Approaches and Judiciary Support. Published in: Transformation of the Role of the Judiciary within a European Integrated Context , Vol. LXXXV, (15 May 2006): pp. 127-142.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20128
2019-09-27T11:49:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D45:4535:453530
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463231
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3131
7375626A656374733D42:4230:423030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20128/
The Guide to Islamic Economics, Banking, and Finance
Alsayyed, Nidal
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
E50 - General
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
B00 - General
A full array of frequently asked questions and their Shari’ah approved answers in today’s modern Islamic Economics, Finance, and Banking.
2009-12-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20128/1/MPRA_paper_20128.pdf
Alsayyed, Nidal (2009): The Guide to Islamic Economics, Banking, and Finance.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20215
2019-09-29T05:42:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20215/
Коррупция в высшем образовании: США, Россия, Великобритания
Osipian, Ararat
Z10 - General
I21 - Analysis of Education
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Corruption in higher education is a newly emerging topic in the field of education research. Some aspects of corruption in education have been addressed in the resent works by Eckstein (2003), Hallak and Poisson (2002, 2007), Heyneman (2004, 2007, 2008), Noah & Eckstein (2001), Osipian (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010), Segal (2004), and Washburn (2005). However, the rigorous systematic research is lacking. This paper considers corruption in higher education in the media, following publications in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Russian Federation. It addresses the differences in forms of corruption across the nations pointing to how exactly they differ and why. Major findings point to the following: some forms of corruption are region-specific while others are universal; types of corruption are connected to the characteristics of the national systems; the general trend in the media attention reflects growing concern about corruption in academia; in the US more attention is now paid to fraud, plagiarism and cheating, while in Russia to bribery in admissions. The findings help to determine which aspects of corruption in higher education should be given more consideration in the future research and which ones might be prioritized, as well as how the national systems of higher education can be improved.
2007-11-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20215/1/MPRA_paper_20215.pdf
Osipian, Ararat (2007): Коррупция в высшем образовании: США, Россия, Великобритания.
ru
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20391
2019-09-26T13:36:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503238
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473332
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20391/
Shadow economy revisited: logic, morality and intuition in corrupt practices and illegal channels
Orkodashvili, Mariam
Q28 - Government Policy
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
P28 - Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment
L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
G32 - Financing Policy ; Financial Risk and Risk Management ; Capital and Ownership Structure ; Value of Firms ; Goodwill
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
The aim of the paper is to analyze how corruption contributes to the spread of shadow economy and damages viable economic development of any country. The unfreedoms that are created under the conditions of illegal transactions and corrupt practices considerably limit the opportunities of individuals to develop and use their capabilities (Sen, 2000) to the full extent and make their contribution to the development of their countries’ economies and sociocultural progress. The short-sighted desire to receive gain and extra revenue through illegal actions often obscures the capacity to comprehend the size and extent of the damage that such actions bring to the economic development of the country and sociocultural progress of the society in the long run. Under these conditions, the paper perceives logic (e.g. cost-benefit analysis, pragmatic calculations of profit-making, etc.), morality (i.e. ethical norms) and intuition (i.e. the intuitive decision whether to engage in illegal practices, where the estimation of the degrees of risk and confidence plays significant role) as three important human features that influence individuals’, corporations’ and governments’ decisions whether or not to engage directly or foster indirectly the cultivation of illegal practices. Therefore, the idea that the paper is trying to support is that while analyzing the instances of corruption on any given level (individual, organizational, governmental, or cross-country), the factors of logic, moral and intuition should be all taken into consideration in order to better understand such illegal actions, systems, channels and mechanisms and design more comprehensive fighting strategies against corruption than are offered today by numerous scholars, organizations or public bodies.
2010-01-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20391/1/MPRA_paper_20391.pdf
Orkodashvili, Mariam (2010): Shadow economy revisited: logic, morality and intuition in corrupt practices and illegal channels.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20416
2019-09-26T23:38:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4233:423330
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3139
7375626A656374733D59:5938:593830
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20416/
Der Rechtsstaat in Deutschland und Spanien: Projektbeschreibung
Schulze, Detlef Georgia
Berghahn, Sabine
Wolf, Frieder Otto
B30 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K19 - Other
Y80 - Related Disciplines
K14 - Criminal Law
Das Dokument besteht aus einem "Geleitwort zur Reihe" der HerausgeberInnen und einer nicht namentlich gezeichneten Projektbeschreibung.
Dt. Zusammenfassung der Projektbeschreibung:
Das Projekt ist ein Beitrag zur insb. seit den 1980er Jahren geführten Debatte über die Verrechtlichung (span. juridificación) des Sozialen. Daß dieser Begriff im Deutschen und Spanischen, nicht aber bspw. im Englischen existiert, verweist auf den breiteren rechtshistorischen und rechtstheoretischen Rahmen, in den dieses Projekt eingebettet ist: Auf die dem deutschen und spanischen Begriff des Rechtsstaats / Estado de Derecho eigene Entgegensetzung von (metaphysischem) Recht und (parlamentarischem) Gesetz, die weder das britische Konzept der rule of law noch das französische Konzept des État légal kennen.
Die Verrechtlichung wurde bisher vor allem anhand der Praxis der staatlichen Verwaltungen sowie der Arbeits- und Wirtschaftsbeziehungen untersucht. Weitergehend ist aber zu fragen, ob eine solche Verrechtlichungsstrategie auch erfolgreich sein kann, wenn ein höheres Konfliktniveau vorliegt. Deshalb soll hier die Verrechtlichung im internationalen Vergleich anhand eines Extrembeispiels analysiert werden: der scharfen politischen und bewaffneten Konfrontation zwischen dem bundesdeutschen Staat und der Roten Armee Fraktion (RAF) sowie dem spanischen Staat und den Grupos de Resistencia Antifascista Primero de Octubre (Antifaschistische Widerstandsgruppen 1. Oktober - GRAPO).
Dabei sollte auch die Debatte über den Rechtsstaat eine neue Wendung erfahren: Während diese bisher auf den Gegensatz zwischen Nord- und Westeuropa einerseits sowie Süd- und Mitteleuropa andererseits fixiert war, sollen hier interne Differenzierungen des Rechtsstaats-Konzeptes analysiert werden: So soll nach dem Einfluß gefragt werden, den die unterschiedlichen politischen Situationen in Spanien und der BRD zum Zeitpunkt des Beginns jener Kämpfe und die unterschiedlichen ideologischen Vorstellungen von RAF und GRAPO/PCE(r) auf die Reaktionen der jeweiligen Staatsapparate hatten (und im Falle Spaniens: weiterhin haben). Was sind die Unterschiede und Ähnlichkeiten der Transformation politischer „Feinde” (Carl Schmitt) in die juristische Kategorie von ‚Angeklagten‘?
El documento consiste de un "prefacio para la colleción" de l@s editor@s y una descripción anonimo del proyecto.
Resumen de la descripción del proyecto:
El proyecto es una contribución al debate sobre la juridificación [Verrechtlichung] de lo
social que se ha dado en especial desde los años ochenta. El hecho de que este concepto exista en alemán y en español, pero no exista por ejemplo en inglés, indica ya el amplio marco de la historia y de la teoría del Derecho en el que se mueve este proyecto. En este sentido, la contraposición del derecho (metafísico) y de la ley (parlamentaria) es característica del concepto, alemán y español, de Estado de Derecho, pero no lo es del inglés rule of law [imperio de la ley] ni del francés État légal.
La juridificación se ha investigado sobre todo por medio de la práctica de la administración
estatal así como de las relaciones laborales y económicas. Si vamos más allá cabe
preguntarse, si tal estrategia de juridificación también puede tener éxito cuando existe un nivel más intenso de conflicto. Por ello, se debe analizar aquí la juridificación mediante el contraste de dos ejemplos extremos de ambos países: la encarnizada confrontación política y armada entre el Estado federal alemán y la Rote Armee Fraktion (Fracción del Ejército Rojo – RAF) así como entre el Estado español y los Grupos de Resistencia Antifascista Primero de Octubre (GRAPO).
Con ello, debería tomar un nuevo rumbo el debate sobre el Estado de Derecho: mientras que hasta ahora estaba anclado, de una parte, en la oposición Europa del Norte y Europa
Occidental, y de la otra, en la de Europa del Sur y Europa Central, se van a analizar aquí las diferencias internas del concepto de Estado de Derecho que se dan en este último
caso. Así, se va a plantear qué influencia han tenido en la reacción de los respectivos aparatos del Estado las diferentes situaciones políticas en España y en la RFA en el momento en que comenzaron esas luchas, así como las diferentes concepciones ideológicas de la RAF y del GRAPO/PCE(r). ¿Cuáles son las diferencias y las semejanzas en la transformación de los “enemigos” políticos (Carl Schmitt) en la categoría jurídica de ‘acusados’?
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20416/1/MPRA_paper_20416.pdf
Schulze, Detlef Georgia and Berghahn, Sabine and Wolf, Frieder Otto (2003): Der Rechtsstaat in Deutschland und Spanien: Projektbeschreibung. Published in: StaR P – Neue Analysen zu Staat, Recht und Politik / Serie W: working papers des DFG-Projektes „Der Rechtsstaat in Deutschland und Spanien“ , Vol. 2006, No. 1 : pp. 1-64.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20469
2019-09-28T15:52:34Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20469/
Gender, corruption and sustainable growth in transition countries
Michailova, Julija
Melnykovska, Inna
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
O10 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
Numerous studies have found negative connection between corruption level and economic development. At the same time few of them demonstrate correlation between women representation in politics and corruption level. This paper analyzes correlation between gender and corruption for a specific sample of countries, sharing common cultural and historical legacy – transition countries. Relationship between higher number of women in parliament and decreasing level of corruption is supported by data. Relations with other forms of women social activity were found to be insignificant. Contribution of this paper to the research literature on this topic is twofold. First analysis on gender and corruption in transition economies has previously not been done. Second, this study could also be used for the practical policies on fighting corruption by application of gender quotas.
2009-05-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20469/1/MPRA_paper_20469.pdf
Michailova, Julija and Melnykovska, Inna (2009): Gender, corruption and sustainable growth in transition countries. Published in: Journal of Applied Economic Sciences , Vol. 4, No. 3(9)_Fall2009 (2009): pp. 387-407.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21142
2019-10-05T11:48:16Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21142/
The effects of the enforcement strategy.
Suurmond, Guido
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
The conventional economic literature on law enforcement provides no satisfactory explanation for the
enforcement policies in the field of environmental regulation, safety regulation and health regulation. In
these fields enforcement usually applies administrative law sanctions and is characterized primarily by
advice, persuasion and warnings. This is illustrated for the enforcement of fire safety regulation in bars
and restaurants by Dutch municipalities. I demonstrate that economic analyses are well able to explain
the benefits and need of an enforcement policy of advice, persuasion and warnings. However, it is also
true that in the specific field analyzed a more deterrent policy by more severe punishment will most
likely improve compliance. As such, the general economic argument of the benefits of deterrence
should not be abandoned.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21142/1/MPRA_paper_21142.pdf
Suurmond, Guido (2007): The effects of the enforcement strategy. Published in: Department of Economics Research Memorandum No. 2007.03 (2007): pp. 1-25.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22469
2019-09-27T02:44:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22469/
Ethical Aspects in the Activity of Civil Servants. Case Study Romania
Matei, Ani
Popa, Florin
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Preventing corruption and improving the public service management are the main goals of the promotion of ethical standards for the civil servants. Several governments have revised their policies regarding the ethical conduct in the public service, implying both the corruption issue and the decline of trust in the public administration.
In Dwight Waldo’s theory, the civil servants must take into account twelve obligations before:
Constitution, law, the nation and the country, democracy, the bureaucratic organizational norms,
profession and professionalism, family and friends, themselves, the communities they come into contact, the public interest or the general welfare, the humanity or the world, God or religion.
Romania, under the pressure of the European Union accession process, has adopted the Law no. 7 of 2004 - “Code of Conduct of the Civil Servants”. The Code establishes the fundamental rules of conduct, compulsory for all the civil servants, emphasizing a behavioural mode that was not institutionalized or observed, like avoiding the conflict of interests and the use of the position for personal interest.
The Code represents both an information instrument regarding the professional conduct the citizens are entitled to expect from the civil servants, and a way of creating an environment of trust and mutual respect between the citizens and the civil servants on one hand, and the citizens and the public administration authorities on the other hand. In the view of the civil servants, the Code represents a clear collection of rules of conduct through which the civil servants are asked to ensure an equal treatment for the citizens against the public authorities and institutions as well as professionalism, impartiality and independency, honour and correctness.
The Code establishes the rights and duties of the civil servants when acting, among which the civil servants’ interdiction to demand or accept gifts, services, favours, or any other advantage for them, their family, parents or persons with whom they were involved in businesses or politics and that can influence their impartiality in acting as civil servants. Breaching this principle is what the Criminal Law regulates as a “bribe-taking” infringement.
But the ethical conduct of the civil servants is not limited only to the application or observance of the provisions of this code. The ethical conduct also takes into account other aspects that the present paper aims at presenting and analysing
2010-04-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22469/1/MPRA_paper_22469.pdf
Matei, Ani and Popa, Florin (2010): Ethical Aspects in the Activity of Civil Servants. Case Study Romania.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23641
2019-10-02T17:54:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3836
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23641/
The Determinants of Music Piracy in a Sample of College Students
Bellemare, Marc F.
Holmberg, Andrew M.
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K11 - Property Law
L86 - Information and Internet Services ; Computer Software
Why do some individuals pirate digital music while others pay for it? Using data on a sample of undergraduate students, we study the determinants of music piracy by looking at whether a respondent’s last song was obtained illegally or not. In doing so, we incorporate (i) the individual-specific transactions costs that constitute the effective price of illegal music; and (ii) individual willingness to pay (WTP) for digital music, which we elicit using a simple field experiment and which we use to control for the unobserved heterogeneity of preferences between respondents. Our empirical results indicate that a respondent’s subjective probability of facing a lawsuit and her degree of morality both have a negative impact on the likelihood that her last song was obtained illegally. These results are robust whether WTP is estimated parametrically or nonparametrically. We conclude by discussing the practical implications of our findings.
2010-07-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23641/1/MPRA_paper_23641.pdf
Bellemare, Marc F. and Holmberg, Andrew M. (2010): The Determinants of Music Piracy in a Sample of College Students.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24784
2019-10-03T19:50:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D43:4337
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24784/
Firm corruption in the presence of an auditor
Dietrich, Michael
McHardy, Jolian
Sharma, Abhijit
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
This paper develops a framework to explore firm corruption taking account of interaction with an auditor. The basic idea is that an auditor can provide auditing and other (consultancy) services. The extent of the other services depends on firm profitability. Hence auditor profitability can increase with firm corruption that may provide an incentive to collude in corrupt practices. This basic idea is developed using a game theoretic framework. It is shown that a multiplicity of equilibria exist from stable corruption, through auditor controlled corruption, via multiple equilibria to honesty on behalf of both actors. Following the development of the model various policy options are highlighted that show the difficulty of completely removing corrupt practices.
2010-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24784/1/MPRA_paper_24784.pdf
Dietrich, Michael and McHardy, Jolian and Sharma, Abhijit (2010): Firm corruption in the presence of an auditor.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24871
2019-09-26T08:11:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D49:4933
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24871/
The Causal Relationship between Corruption and Poverty: A Panel Data Analysis
Negin, Vahideh
Abd Rashid, Zakariah
Nikopour, Hesam
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Most of the studies which have investigated the link between corruption and poverty may draw conclusions on causality in the form of models that only show correlation. This study is set out to investigate the Granger causal relationship between corruption and poverty. It uses dynamic panel system GMM estimators, focuses on capability poverty using human poverty index (HPI) and is based on a sample of 97 developing countries during 1997-2006. The empirical findings reveal that corruption and poverty go together, with bidirectional causality.
2010-06-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24871/1/MPRA_paper_24871.pdf
Negin, Vahideh and Abd Rashid, Zakariah and Nikopour, Hesam (2010): The Causal Relationship between Corruption and Poverty: A Panel Data Analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25152
2019-09-30T04:01:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25152/
Common Denominators in White Collar Crime: I'm Special, You're Special, Let's Fleece them in Style
Herrman, C. S.
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K14 - Criminal Law
A14 - Sociology of Economics
Culture, cults and character are shown to be the “Three C’s” of graft and corruption. The notion of “conversation” is briefly allowed to link the perpetrator to his alter ego, victim or partner-in-crime, wherein are forged the origins of means, motive and opportunity—as also the ballast of the paper. The argument is made that a trained eye should expect the close interplay of culture and pathology, especially in matters of white collar crime, which is used throughout as the focus. By way of summary, these crimes are perpetrated by those with bipolar traits operating in a context of cultural permissiveness, and with selected tools (attitudes, e.g.) of cultural provenance.
2008-12-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25152/1/MPRA_paper_25152.pdf
Herrman, C. S. (2008): Common Denominators in White Collar Crime: I'm Special, You're Special, Let's Fleece them in Style.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25993
2019-09-28T16:19:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25993/
Enforcement and over-compliance
Shimshack, Jay P.
Ward, Michael B.
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Q58 - Government Policy
Economists generally view environmental enforcement as a tool to secure compliance with regulations. This paper demonstrates that credible enforcement significantly increases statutory over-compliance with regulations as well. We find that many plants with discharges typically below legally permitted levels reduce discharges further when regulators issue fines, even on other plants. Also, non-compliant plants often respond to sanctions by reducing
discharges well beyond reductions required by law. Thus, increased enforcement generates substantial discharge reductions above and beyond those expected from simply deterring violations.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25993/1/MPRA_paper_25993.pdf
Shimshack, Jay P. and Ward, Michael B. (2007): Enforcement and over-compliance. Published in: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management , Vol. 1, No. 55 (January 2008): pp. 90-105.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26086
2019-09-26T23:09:27Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26086/
Networks, law, and the paradox of cooperation
Caplan, Bryan
Stringham, Edward
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
L15 - Information and Product Quality ; Standardization and Compatibility
There is a tension between libertarians’ optimism about private supply of public goods and skepticism of the viability of voluntary collusion (Cowen 1992, Cowen and Sutter 1999). Playing off this asymmetry, Cowen (1992) advances the novel argument that the “free market in defense services” favored by anarcho-capitalists is a network industry where collusion is especially feasible. The current article dissolves Cowen’s asymmetry, showing that he fails to distinguish between self-enforcing and non-self-enforcing interaction. Case study evidence on network behavior before and after antitrust supports our analysis. Furthermore, libertarians’ joint beliefs on public goods and collusion are, contrary to Cowen and Sutter (1999), theoretically defensible.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26086/1/MPRA_paper_26086.pdf
Caplan, Bryan and Stringham, Edward (2003): Networks, law, and the paradox of cooperation. Published in: Review of Austrian Economics , Vol. 16, No. 4 (December 2003): pp. 309-326.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26097
2019-09-29T07:16:38Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26097/
Public choice and the economic analysis of anarchy: a survey
Powell, Benjamin
Stringham, Edward
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Public choice economists began studying the economics of anarchy in the 1970s. Since then, the amount of research on anarchy has burgeoned. This article surveys the important public choice contributions to the economics of anarchy. Following the lead of the early public choice economists, many current economists are researching and analyzing how individuals interact without government. From their non-ublic-interested explanations of the creation of government law enforcement to their historical studies of attempts to internalize externalities under anarchy, public choice scholars are arriving at a more realistic perspective on government and how people interact when government law enforcement is lacking. Although the economics of politics often receives more attention, the economics of anarchy is an important area of research in public choice.
2009-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26097/1/MPRA_paper_26097.pdf
Powell, Benjamin and Stringham, Edward (2009): Public choice and the economic analysis of anarchy: a survey. Forthcoming in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26187
2019-09-27T08:22:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26187/
Deterrence from self-protection measures in the ‘market model’ of crime: dynamic panel data estimates from employment in private security occupations
Zimmerman, Paul R.
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Private individuals and entities invest in a wide variety of market-provisioned self-protection devices or
services to mitigate their probability of victimization to crime. However, evaluating the effect of such
private security measures remains understudied in the economics of crime literature. Unlike most previous
studies, the present analysis considers four separate measures of private security: security guards, detectives
and investigators, security system installers, and locksmiths. The effects of laws allowing the concealed
carrying of weapons (an unobservable precaution) are also evaluated. Given that Ehrlich’s ‘market model’
suggests private security is endogenous to crime, the analysis relies primarily on dynamic panel data
methods to derive consistent parameter estimates of the effect of self-protection measures. The relationship
between self-protection and UCR Part II Index offense (arrest) data are also considered in order to provide
exploratory evidence on the interaction between publicly and privately provisioned crime deterrence
efforts.
2010-10-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26187/1/MPRA_paper_26187.pdf
Zimmerman, Paul R. (2010): Deterrence from self-protection measures in the ‘market model’ of crime: dynamic panel data estimates from employment in private security occupations.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27690
2019-09-28T12:25:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27690/
Immigration, integration and terrorism: is there a clash of cultures?
Fischer, Justina AV
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
H56 - National Security and War
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
We test whether immigrants are more prone to support terror than natives because of lower opportunity costs, using the international World Values Survey data. We show that, in general, economically, politically and socially non-integrated persons are more likely to accept using violence for achieving political goals, consistent with the economic model of crime. We also find evidence for the destructive effects of a ‘clash of cultures’: Immigrants in OECD countries who originate from more culturally distanced countries in Africa and Asia appear more likely to view using violence for political goals as justified. Most importantly, we find no evidence that the clash-of-cultures effect is driven by Islam religion, which appears irrelevant to terror support.
As robustness test we relate individual attitude to real-life behavior: using country panels of transnational terrorist attacks in OECD countries, we show that the population attitudes towards violence and terror determine the occurrence of terror incidents, as does the share of immigrants in the population. A further analysis shows a positive association of immigrants from Africa and Asia with transnational terror, while the majority religion Islam of the sending country does not appear to play a role. Again, we find that culture defined by geographic proximity dominates culture defined by religion.
2010-12-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27690/4/MPRA_paper_27690.pdf
Fischer, Justina AV (2010): Immigration, integration and terrorism: is there a clash of cultures?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27857
2019-09-27T14:21:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473332
7375626A656374733D4D:4D34:4D3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4D:4D32:4D3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27857/
Fraud Detection and Financial Reporting and Audit Delay
Yim, Andrew
G32 - Financing Policy ; Financial Risk and Risk Management ; Capital and Ownership Structure ; Value of Firms ; Goodwill
M42 - Auditing
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
M21 - Business Economics
I formulate a model to emphasize the fraud detection role of auditors in the financial market, providing a theoretical framework to examine the likelihood of and market reaction to a financial reporting and audit delay. The model has an auditor considering whether to perform extended audit procedures after observing a red flag generated from regular audit procedures. An audit delay is represented by the event of extending audit procedures and manifested as a financial reporting delay observed by the market. I find that the equilibrium likelihood of a delay decreases when the reliability of regular and extended audit procedures improves and/or when the ex ante probability of fraud reduces. My result on the market reaction to a delay suggests that while a negative average reaction is intuitive and has been documented, the reaction can be positive for an individual firm. I derive a closed-form condition indicating when a positive reaction is possible. Specifically, a delay can be good news to the market when the ex ante probability of fraud, the imprecision of a red flag, and the effectiveness of extended audit procedures for detecting fraud are all high. The result is new in the literature. I also discuss the model's empirical implications with suggestions for regression equation specifications.
2010-09-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27857/1/MPRA_paper_27857.pdf
Yim, Andrew (2010): Fraud Detection and Financial Reporting and Audit Delay.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28213
2019-09-26T09:07:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28213/
Crime and Punishment Revisited
Kelaher, Richard
Sarafidis, Vasilis
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Despite an abundance of empirical evidence on crime spanning over forty years, there exists no consensus on the impact of the criminal justice system on crime activity. We argue that this may be due to the combined effect of simultaneity, omitted variable bias and aggregation bias that may confound many of these studies. We construct a new panel data set of local government areas in Australia and develop a testing framework for the implications of economic theory on crime behaviour. The empirical results
suggest that the criminal justice system can potentially exert a much greater influence on crime activity than is the common view in the literature. In addition, we find that increasing the risk of apprehension and conviction
is more influential in reducing crime than raising the expected severity of punishment. Violent crime is more persistent and relatively less responsive to law enforcement policies compared to non-violent crime.
2011-01-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28213/1/MPRA_paper_28213.pdf
Kelaher, Richard and Sarafidis, Vasilis (2011): Crime and Punishment Revisited.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28406
2019-09-26T18:34:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483236
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28406/
Tax evasion, information reporting, and the regressive bias hypothesis
Pinje, Jori Veng
Boserup, Simon Halphen
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
A robust prediction from the tax evasion literature is that optimal auditing induces a regressive bias in e¤ective tax rates compared to statutory rates. If correct, this will have important distributional consequences. Nevertheless, the regressive bias hypothesis has never been tested empirically. Using a unique data set, we provide evidence
in favor of the regressive bias prediction but only when controlling for the tax agency�s use of third-party information in predicting true incomes. In aggregate data, the regressive bias vanishes because of the systematic use of third-party information. These results are obtained
both in simple reduced-form regressions and in a data-calibrated state-of-the-art model.
2011-01-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28406/1/MPRA_paper_28406.pdf
Pinje, Jori Veng and Boserup, Simon Halphen (2011): Tax evasion, information reporting, and the regressive bias hypothesis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28607
2019-10-01T22:52:59Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3233
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28607/
The Dynamics of Gang Criminality and Corruption in Nigeria Universities: A Time Series Analysis
Kingston, Kato Gogo
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law
K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K14 - Criminal Law
K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
This study contributes to the understanding of the causal relationship between gang culture, criminality and corruption in Nigeria universities where both criminality and corruption are very high complementary variables. Writers on gang culture in Nigeria universities have largely omitted the empirical evaluation of the causal relationship between gang criminality and corruption. This study adopts the time-series models of Granger (1969) to investigate and explain the causality relationship of the variables. Using five years data (2005-2009) from 37 Universities across 36 States of Nigeria and Abuja, the federal capital territory; the results suggest that there is existence of reciprocal relationship between university gang culture, criminality and corruption. The results suggest that there is bi-directional causality relationship flowing between gang criminality and corruption in the universities.
2010-10-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28607/1/MPRA_paper_28607.pdf
Kingston, Kato Gogo (2010): The Dynamics of Gang Criminality and Corruption in Nigeria Universities: A Time Series Analysis. Published in: African Journal of Law and Criminology , Vol. 1, No. 1 (2 February 2011): pp. 52-63.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28608
2019-09-30T01:22:03Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3333
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3232
7375626A656374733D4B:4B32:4B3233
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28608/
Shell Oil Company in Nigeria: Impediment or Catalyst of Socio-Economic Development?
Kingston, Kato Gogo
K2 - Regulation and Business Law
K12 - Contract Law
K21 - Antitrust Law
K14 - Criminal Law
K11 - Property Law
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
K33 - International Law
K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability ; Forensic Economics
K22 - Business and Securities Law
K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
K1 - Basic Areas of Law
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the She oil company, through investment and crude oil exploration, benefits socio-economic growth in Nigeria in general and in the Niger Delta of Nigeria in particular. In 1998, the United Nations Special Rapporteur's report on Nigeria accused Nigeria and Shell of violating human rights and failing to protect the environment, and called for an investigation into Shell activities in Nigeria. The report condemned Shell for arming the security forces which it regularly deploy to use lethal force civilians that protest against the oil firm.” The paper explores the matrix within which the socio-economic rights (human rights, development rights and environment rights) have been significantly marginalised and the implications of the lack corporate social responsibility and the lack of accountability of Shell to the inhabitants of the Niger Delta of Nigeria. With respect to environmental obligations, the paper discusses how environmental degradation in the Niger Delta has infringed on human rights thereby impeding growth and economic development. The paper suggests possible future directions and initiatives for civil society in making corporations more accountable to states, citizens and the planet.
2010-10-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28608/1/MPRA_paper_28608.pdf
Kingston, Kato Gogo (2010): Shell Oil Company in Nigeria: Impediment or Catalyst of Socio-Economic Development? Published in: African Journal of Social Sciences , Vol. 1, No. 1 (1 February 2011): pp. 14-34.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28751
2019-10-04T01:33:04Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463530
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28751/
Tensión diplomática entre Colombia y Ecuador durante 2006-2009: una mirada desde la teoría de juegos.
Arroyo, Santiago
Bolaños, Juan
F50 - General
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
C72 - Noncooperative Games
This paper centres his analysis on the diplomatic tension between Colombia and Ecuador during the period 2006-2009. For it, is studied from the game theory,the diplomatic tension that both countries faced, product the air fumigations that Colombia realized in the zone of border with the Ecuador an territory, as well as the assault trealized by the Colombian army to the camp of the revolutionary Armed forces of colombia (Farc), where Raúl Reyes was brought down. Of particular form, modelling a Not cooperative game of complete information, which proved an Efficient Nash Equilibrium for pure actions, where every country understands that the tension between both, it is affecting the importance of the binational agenda.
2010-09-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28751/1/MPRA_paper_28751.pdf
Arroyo, Santiago and Bolaños, Juan (2010): Tensión diplomática entre Colombia y Ecuador durante 2006-2009: una mirada desde la teoría de juegos. Published in: Revista Economía, Gestión y Desarrollo , Vol. 10, No. 1657-5946 (17 December 2010): pp. 125-141.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29727
2019-09-27T17:42:42Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3335
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D48:4830:483030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29727/
Corruption and development: an inquiry into nature and causes and suggested remedy
Islahi, Abdul Azim
N35 - Asia including Middle East
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
H00 - General
Recognition for corruption as one of the main obstacles in the way of economic development is a rather recent development in the discipline of Development Economics. Due to wide-spread corruption only a small portion of development money reaches to the public. The reasons behind the corruption culture are numerous such as rejection of moral and spiritual values, greed and lust of money, rising election expenses, no belief in accountability to God or responsibility to the masses. With these states of character, the new policy of liberalization, privatization and globalization provided a golden opportunity to money maximizing culture. The remedy lies in inner purification and fear of God the all-knowing and all-seeing, and propagation of ethical and moral values. The strengthening of democracy and freedom of judiciary, right to information, and freedom of press should also be ensured to dislodge the corrupt politicians and public officials. A country caught in corruption and crimes is like a sick person. If timely and effective measures are not taken, it may result in collapse and disintegration of the whole system.
2000
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29727/1/MPRA_paper_29727.pdf
Islahi, Abdul Azim (2000): Corruption and development: an inquiry into nature and causes and suggested remedy. Published in: Raj Kumar Sen, Asis Dasgupta and Mrinal Kumar Dasgupta (editors), Crime and Corruption in Indian Economy. New Delhi, Deep and Deep. (2007): pp. 151-157.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29811
2019-10-03T04:45:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433335
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29811/
Turning 18: What a Difference Application of Adult Criminal Law Makes
Entorf, Horst
C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K14 - Criminal Law
This paper contributes to the literature on specific deterrence by addressing the issue of selecting adolescents into adult and juvenile law systems. In Germany, different from the U.S. and most other countries, turning a critical cutoff age does not cause a sharp discontinuity from juvenile to adult penal law, but rather implies a shift to a discretionary system of both adult and juvenile law, dependent on the courts’ impression of moral and mental personal development of the adolescent at the time of the act. The German legal system draws the line of adulthood at some fuzzy age interval between 18 and 21, which is well above the thresholds prevailing in the U.S. (16 to 18 years, state specific) and other countries such that the German evidence entails some external evidence to the previous literature mostly relying on U.S. data. Based on a unique inmate survey and two-equation models controlling for selectivity problems, results show that application of adult criminal law instead of juvenile penal law decreases expected recidivism of adolescents.
2011-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29811/1/MPRA_paper_29811.pdf
Entorf, Horst (2011): Turning 18: What a Difference Application of Adult Criminal Law Makes.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30481
2019-09-26T17:15:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463531
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30481/
A game theoretical analysis of economic sanction
Shidiqi, khalifany ash
Pradiptyo, rimawan
F51 - International Conflicts ; Negotiations ; Sanctions
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
C72 - Noncooperative Games
Economic sanction has been widely used and increasingly a popular tool in maintaining peace and political stability in the world. The use of economic sanction, as opposed to the use of military power, to punish target countries have been supported by the Charter of United Nations (UN). Tsebelis (1990) modelled economic sanctions using game theory and found that any attempt to increase the severity of the sanctions was counterintuitive, namely the policy reduced the likelihood of sender country(s) in enforcing economic sanction, however, it did not change the probability of the target country(s) in violating international agreement/law. This paper focuses on the refinement of the sanction game proposed by Tsebelis (1990) to analyse international relations. Recent findings from various studies on the effectiveness of economic sanction have been used to reconstruct the game. In contrast to Tsebelis’(1990) findings, any attempt to increase the severity of economic sanction may reduce the probability of the target country(s) in violating international agreement/law. A similar result was obtained in the case for which the sender country(s) applies any policy in preventing violation of international agreement/law by providing aids, assistances, and incentives to the target country.
2011-02-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30481/1/MPRA_paper_30481.pdf
Shidiqi, khalifany ash and Pradiptyo, rimawan (2011): A game theoretical analysis of economic sanction.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31157
2019-09-27T05:49:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35:4C3531
7375626A656374733D44:4439:443931
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3332
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31157/
Information gathering, innovation and growth
Parello, Carmelo Pierpaolo
L51 - Economics of Regulation
D91 - Intertemporal Household Choice ; Life Cycle Models and Saving
O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
In this paper we study the economic implications of IPR protection on corporate intelligence, R&D investment and economic growth. To accomplish this objective, we introduce trade secret and information leakage into a standard quality-ladder growth model and study the long-run implications of improving the privacy of firms' data. We find that reducing the set of practices of information gathering is more effective in protecting firms' privacy than strengthening trade secrets.
2011-03-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31157/1/MPRA_paper_31157.pdf
Parello, Carmelo Pierpaolo (2011): Information gathering, innovation and growth.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31748
2019-09-27T14:35:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473134
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473132
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31748/
White-collar crime and stock return: Empirical study from announcement effect
Puah, Chin-Hong
Liew, Samuel Wei-Siew
G14 - Information and Market Efficiency ; Event Studies ; Insider Trading
G12 - Asset Pricing ; Trading Volume ; Bond Interest Rates
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
White-collar crime continues to hit the headlines across Malaysia and it remains a serious issue influencing organizations globally. A share price event study is thus conducted on a group of public listed companies in Malaysia to examine the announcement effect of white-collar crime. The period of the study is from 1996 to 2010, covering both the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997/98 and the sub-prime mortgage crisis in 2008/09. Results indicate the existence of significant negative abnormal share price reaction on 10 trading days subsequent to the day of announcement. It means that the stock market in Malaysia is not efficient. However, it implies that the market possesses the power to discipline unethical companies as the shareholders drive down their value by disposing their stocks following the announcement.
2011-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31748/1/MPRA_paper_31748.pdf
Puah, Chin-Hong and Liew, Samuel Wei-Siew (2011): White-collar crime and stock return: Empirical study from announcement effect.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32389
2019-09-26T20:34:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32389/
Developing new measurements of State institutional capacity
Popov, Vladimir
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
According to a narrow definition, institutional capacity of the state is the ability of the government to enforce laws and regulations. There are a lot of subjective indices (control over corruption, rule of law, government effectiveness, etc.) that are designed to measure the state institutional capacity and are based on experts’ estimates. The logical objective measures of the state institutional capacity are the murder rate – non-compliance with the state’s monopoly on violence, and the shadow economy – non compliance with the economic regulations.
It appears that political regime (democratic or authoritarian) matters for the subjective ranking. It could be shown, for instance, that out of two countries with the same murder rate, government effectiveness is higher in countries that were more democratic in the past (1970s-1990s on average) and in the year (2002) when government effectiveness was measured. This result holds for all other five World Bank subjective indices of institutional capacity – rule of law, control over corruption, voice and accountability, political stability and regulation quality. And they hold also for the share of shadow economy: out of two countries with the same share of shadow economy, government effectiveness is higher in a more democratic one.
2011-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32389/1/MPRA_paper_32389.pdf
Popov, Vladimir (2011): Developing new measurements of State institutional capacity.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32597
2019-09-27T08:43:31Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3836
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32597/
What is the True Loss Due to Piracy?: Evidence from Microsoft Office in Hong Kong
Leung, Tin Cheuk
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
L86 - Information and Internet Services ; Computer Software
Software piracy remains rampant despite the successful measures the Hong Kong government has taken to eradicate street piracy. This is because most people prefer substituting a counterfeit copy of a software CD (street piracy) with an illegal download of the software (Internet piracy). To support this claim, I construct a unique data set from 281 college students in Hong Kong to demonstrate two things. First, I estimate a random-coefficient discrete choice demand system for Microsoft Office from legal and different illegal sources. Estimates obtained from a Bayesian approach, with a mixture of normal priors,
indicate a strong substitution pattern between street piracy and Internet piracy. Second, I conduct counterfactuals in which street piracy is absent. Results are twofold. First, most students would switch to Internet piracy. Second, the government, by assuming that each pirated copy represents a lost sale, may over-estimate the gain from eradicating piracy by up to nine times.
2011-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32597/1/MPRA_paper_32597.pdf
Leung, Tin Cheuk (2011): What is the True Loss Due to Piracy?: Evidence from Microsoft Office in Hong Kong.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33297
2019-09-29T00:17:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473332
7375626A656374733D4D:4D34:4D3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4D:4D32:4D3231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33297/
Are positive reactions to bad news plausible? the consideration of fraud detection in audit and reporting delays
Yim, Andrew
G32 - Financing Policy ; Financial Risk and Risk Management ; Capital and Ownership Structure ; Value of Firms ; Goodwill
M42 - Auditing
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
M21 - Business Economics
I formulate a model to emphasize the fraud detection role of auditors in the financial market and relate the role to audit and financial reporting delays. The model focuses on asset misappropriation fraud, which is one of the two types of fraud US and international auditing standards require auditors to consider. In the model, an auditor considers whether to perform extended audit procedures after observing a red flag generated from regular audit procedures. An audit delay is represented by the event of extending audit procedures and manifested as a financial reporting delay observed by the market. I derive a simple closed-form condition characterizing when a positive market reaction to a delay is possible. The condition provides a theoretical basis for formulating empirically testable hypotheses. I discuss why the fundamental logic behind the counter-intuitive positive-reaction condition also applies to accounting fraud, as well as other contexts (e.g., internal control weakness disclosure). Documented evidence in the literature suggests that “positive reactions to bad news” (PR2BN) is a general phenomenon. Other empirical implications of the model, with suggestions for regression equation specifications, are also discussed.
2011-09-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33297/2/MPRA_paper_33297.pdf
Yim, Andrew (2011): Are positive reactions to bad news plausible? the consideration of fraud detection in audit and reporting delays.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33478
2019-09-27T15:07:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33478/
Estimating the causal effect of forced eradication on coca cultivation in Colombian municipalities
Reyes, Luis Carlos
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
Coca eradication has been aggressively pursued by the Colombian government to reduce the amount of land that agricultural households in the Andean country devote to this illegal crop. However, little work has been done to assess the causal effect of the policy on land allocation
decisions. I use a six year panel of observations covering the entire country for the years 2001-2006 to estimate this effect at the municipality level, exploiting exogenous sources of variation in eradication and taking an IV approach to estimation. The instruments are derived from
changes in the expected cost of coca eradication as crews get far from the zone where Antinarcotics Police helicopters can protect them from the illegal armed groups that try to shoot them down. IV estimation shows that the causal effect of a one percent increase in eradication is
slightly less than a one percent increase in coca cultivation.
2011-01-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33478/1/MPRA_paper_33478.pdf
Reyes, Luis Carlos (2011): Estimating the causal effect of forced eradication on coca cultivation in Colombian municipalities.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34187
2019-09-27T09:57:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34187/
Regulation, competition and fraud: evidence from retail gas stations in Mexico
Arteaga, Julio Cesar
Flores, Daniel
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Mexican gas stations across the country buy and sell gasoline at regulated common prices. Therefore, authorities that set these prices do not take into account competition conditions of each market. In this paper we establish the effect of a regulated mark-up price as well as competition on the incentives that gas stations in Mexico have to dispense less amount of gasoline than what consumers pay for. The results of theoretical and empirical work indicate that a higher regulated mark-up price reduces the incentives of gas stations to cheat. Similarly, more intense competition among the retailers of a given market decreases the average shortage.
2010-10-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34187/1/MPRA_paper_34187.pdf
Arteaga, Julio Cesar and Flores, Daniel (2010): Regulation, competition and fraud: evidence from retail gas stations in Mexico.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34818
2019-10-02T16:41:32Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3431
7375626A656374733D4C:4C34:4C3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34818/
The role of private litigation in antitrust enforcement
Bourjade, Sylvain
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K41 - Litigation Process
L40 - General
In this article, we study the effects of encouraging private actions for breaches of competition law. We also analyze how to design a private litigation system which deters anticompetitive actions without deterring legitimate pro-competitive actions.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34818/1/MPRA_paper_34818.pdf
Bourjade, Sylvain (2009): The role of private litigation in antitrust enforcement. Published in: Global Competition Litigation Review
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34840
2019-10-05T17:17:39Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3431
7375626A656374733D4C:4C34:4C3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34840/
Private antitrust enforcement in the presence of pre-trial bargaining
Bourjade, Sylvain
Rey, Patrick
seabright, paul
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
K41 - Litigation Process
L40 - General
We study the effect of encouraging private actions for breaches of competition law. We develop a model in which a plaintiff, who may have private information about whether a breach of law has been committed, decides whether to open a case against a defendant. If opened, the case may be settled out of court or may proceed to full trial. The authorities can facilitate private actions by lowering the costs of opening a case or of proceeding to a full trial, or by raising the damages to be expected in the event of success. We show that facilitating private action increases the number of cases opened and sometimes but not always makes plaintiffs more aggressive in pre-trial bargaining. The latter, if it occurs, tends to make defendants who have committed anti-trust violations more likely to settle than innocent defendants. We also show that for screening to work requires the Court to be committed to rely only on submitted evidence in the case, and not on other possibly relevant background material. We finally study how to design the rules so as to enhance the role of private litigation on antitrust enforcement and prove that it is better to increase damages that to reduce costs of initiating a suit. In particular we find large benefits from introducing a system of compensation for Defendants found non-liable, paid by unsuccessful plaintiffs.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34840/1/MPRA_paper_34840.pdf
Bourjade, Sylvain and Rey, Patrick and seabright, paul (2009): Private antitrust enforcement in the presence of pre-trial bargaining. Published in: The Journal of Industrial Economics , Vol. LVII, No. 3 (September 2009): pp. 372-409.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35324
2019-09-27T01:34:38Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35:4C3531
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35324/
How lead exposure relates to temporal changes in IQ, violent crime, and unwed pregnancy
Nevin, Rick
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
L51 - Economics of Regulation
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
This study compares changes in children’s blood lead levels in the United States with subsequent changes in IQ, based on norm comparisons for the Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) given to representative national samples of children in 1984 and 1992. The CogAT norm comparisons indicate shifts in IQ levels consistent with the blood lead to IQ relationship reported by an earlier study and population shifts in average blood lead for children under age six between 1976 and 1991. The CogAT norm comparisons also support studies indicating that the IQ to blood lead slope may increase at lower blood lead levels. Furthermore, long term trends in population exposure to gasoline lead were found to be remarkably consistent with subsequent changes in violent crime and unwed pregnancy. Long term trends in paint and gasoline lead exposure are also strongly associated with subsequent trends in murder rates going back to 1900. The findings on violent crime and unwed pregnancy are consistent with published data describing the relationship between IQ and social behavior. The findings with respect to violent crime are also consistent with studies indicating that children with higher bone lead tend to display more aggressive and delinquent behavior. This analysis demonstrates that widespread exposure to lead is likely to have profound implications for a wide array of socially undesirable outcomes.
1999-09-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35324/1/MPRA_paper_35324.pdf
Nevin, Rick (1999): How lead exposure relates to temporal changes in IQ, violent crime, and unwed pregnancy. Published in: Environmental Research , Vol. 83, No. 1 (May 2000): pp. 1-24.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35855
2019-10-02T13:18:05Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503337
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35855/
Alcuni dati sui patrimoni mafiosi
Talamo, Giuseppina Maria Chiara
P37 - Legal Institutions ; Illegal Behavior
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
This paper aims to analyze the illegal maket regulated by the Mafian'law. In particular,two aspects and analyesd using recent data: money laundering and confiscation of assets.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35855/1/MPRA_paper_35855.pdf
Talamo, Giuseppina Maria Chiara (2008): Alcuni dati sui patrimoni mafiosi. Published in: I costi dell'illegalità. Mafia ed estorsioni in Sicilia (2008): pp. 187-213.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35917
2019-09-28T23:07:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433733
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35917/
On the economics of whistle-blowing behavior: the role of incentives
Villena, Mauricio G.
Villena, Marcelo J.
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games ; Evolutionary Games ; Repeated Games
The role of whistle-blowing as a mechanism for deterring corruption has been conspicuously neglected in the economic literature. This is quite surprising given the increase in
legislation aimed at preventing corruption that includes whistle-blowing clauses and the extensive literature on whistle-blowing outside economics. In fact, we know of no formal economic model that deals squarely with the analysis of the role and potential impact of whistleblowing on the persistence of corruption in organizations. Therefore, in an attempt to at least partially fill this gap, we present a theoretical model for approaching the issue, focusing
specifically on the role of economic incentives to encourage whistle-blowing behaviour. We model corruption as a social norm of behaviour using elements of evolutionary game theory (EGT). We use the concept of replicator dynamics to explore the local asymptotical stability of
several types of behaviour within organizations: (i) honest, corrupt, and honest whistle-blowing and (ii) honest, corrupt whistle-blowing, and honest whistle-blowing.
2010-03-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35917/1/MPRA_paper_35917.pdf
Villena, Mauricio G. and Villena, Marcelo J. (2010): On the economics of whistle-blowing behavior: the role of incentives.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35935
2019-09-26T18:34:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483236
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35935/
Tax evasion, information reporting, and the regressive bias prediction
Pinje, Jori Veng
Boserup, Simon Halphen
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
A robust, but untested, prediction from the tax evasion literature is that optimal auditing
induces a regressive bias in eective average tax rates compared to statutory rates, reducing
the degree of redistribution in the tax system. Using Danish administrative data, we show
that a calibrated structural model of rational tax evasion and tax enforcement can convincingly
replicate the moments and correlations of tax evasion and probabilities of audit once
we account for the presence of information reporting in the tax compliance game. We nd
that both reduced-form evidence and simulations are in accordance with the prediction of
regressive bias when conditioning on information reporting. However, information reporting
counteracts the regressive bias generated by optimal evasion and auditing behavior and, as
a consequence, the bias vanishes when considering the degree of redistribution in the overall
economy.
2011-01-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35935/1/MPRA_paper_35935.pdf
Pinje, Jori Veng and Boserup, Simon Halphen (2011): Tax evasion, information reporting, and the regressive bias prediction.
en
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