2024-03-28T22:20:02Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:529
2019-09-29T16:55:44Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/529/
Analiza wrażliwości wielkości i parametrów wyrobiska docelowego kopalni węgla brunatnego na zmianę ceny bazowej węgla
Jurdziak, Leszek
Kawalec, Witold
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
Sensitivity analysis of lignite ultimate pit size and its parameters on change of lignite base price
The influence of lignite base price on the size of ultimate pit (lignite supply) and decrease of lignite quality (decrease of calorific value and increase of sulphur and ash content) has been analyzed. The consequence of these changes is the relative decrease of real price of averaged lignite and changes of non-discounted pit cash flows. The influence of lignite base price on strip ratio has also been calculated. The ultimate pit from Lerchs-Grossmann optimization as well as phases from parameterization process conducted in NPVScheduler program has bee used for calculations. The base of analysis was the quality model of “Szczerców” deposit used for creation of value model with usage of price formula taking into account lignite quality parameters.
2006-10-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/529/1/MPRA_paper_529.pdf
Jurdziak, Leszek and Kawalec, Witold (2006): Analiza wrażliwości wielkości i parametrów wyrobiska docelowego kopalni węgla brunatnego na zmianę ceny bazowej węgla. Published in: Gornictwo i Geologia VII , Vol. Seria:, No. Prace Naukowe Instytutu Gornictwa Politechniki Wroclawskiej Nr 106 (2004)
pl
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3682
2019-09-27T06:29:47Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3682/
Rent-seeking measurement in coal mining by means of labour unrest: an application of the distance function
Rodriguez-Alvarez, Ana
Del Rosal, Ignacio
Baños Pino, Jose
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
We propose a method based on the distance function to empirically estimate the social cost arising from rent seeking behaviour in declining industries. Due to import competition, the factors of a particular industry undergo losses in real income, and have incentives to seek protection. In the case of declining industries, workers play a central role and the losses in output due to strikes are used to quantify the social cost of rent seeking. In our model, strikes are considered as a “bad” input into the production process. We apply our approach to the case of Spanish coal mining. We have estimated a system of equations formed by the input distance function and cost share equations using annual data over the period 1974-1997. This procedure has allowed us to calculate the cost that strikes have imposed on the sector
2002
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3682/1/MPRA_paper_3682.pdf
Rodriguez-Alvarez, Ana and Del Rosal, Ignacio and Baños Pino, Jose (2002): Rent-seeking measurement in coal mining by means of labour unrest: an application of the distance function. Published in: Journal of Productivity Analysis , Vol. 1, No. 27 (2007): pp. 73-83.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10108
2019-09-27T18:44:22Z
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7375626A656374733D46:4635:463532
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10108/
Being rich in energy resources – a blessing or a curse
Schubert, Samuel R.
F52 - National Security ; Economic Nationalism
F0 - General
Q33 - Resource Booms
O1 - Economic Development
Q38 - Government Policy
N55 - Asia including Middle East
H56 - National Security and War
E31 - Price Level ; Inflation ; Deflation
Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts
F59 - Other
E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
F51 - International Conflicts ; Negotiations ; Sanctions
Q4 - Energy
Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
C19 - Other
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
F35 - Foreign Aid
L78 - Government Policy
O2 - Development Planning and Policy
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
H10 - General
N54 - Europe: 1913-
F50 - General
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
“Being rich in energy resources – a blessing or a curse” finds that an energy resource curse plagues many
EU supplier states. This in turn directly affects Europe’s energy supply security and threatens to engulf
Europe in unwanted hostilities at home and abroad. The study addresses seven issues including the
evidence suggesting that a curse exists among Europe’s external energy suppliers, active programs to
limit that risk, the significance of economic diversification, the applicability of dividend programs, the
link between corruption and security of energy supplies, additional possible actions of the Union, and
further threats posed by resource cursed countries. It establishes a definitive links between corruption
and supply security, poor transparency, and inequality, and proves that a low level of economic
diversification is a reliable indicator for the existence of the curse. It also finds that there are examples of
excellence in recovering from and even converting the curse to a blessing. In looking at the policy
instruments available to the Union, the study determines that the Union does have the technical expertise
and financial means to restructure political and economic systems and strengthen public administrations
and institutions and found that Europe’s successful implementation of similar past programs could be
taken, at least in part, as models for future efforts. Finally, the study recommends the controversial
approach of conditionality in the use of aid and finds that the Union should legislate standards for the
reporting and auditing of energy exports and imports at home and abroad.
2007-01-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10108/1/MPRA_paper_10108.pdf
Schubert, Samuel R. (2007): Being rich in energy resources – a blessing or a curse. Published in: EP Policy Department Studies , Vol. 614, No. 386 (31 January 2007): pp. 1-60.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10109
2019-09-26T14:04:43Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513332
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463532
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7375626A656374733D51:5133:513333
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7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
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7375626A656374733D51:5133:513334
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7375626A656374733D46:4634:463431
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10109/
Revisiting the oil curse: are oil rich nations really doomed to autocracy and inequality?
Schubert, Samuel R.
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
F52 - National Security ; Economic Nationalism
F0 - General
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
Q33 - Resource Booms
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
Q38 - Government Policy
O1 - Economic Development
F35 - Foreign Aid
L78 - Government Policy
F59 - Other
O2 - Development Planning and Policy
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
Q4 - Energy
H10 - General
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
F53 - International Agreements and Observance ; International Organizations
There is an adage about wealth and democracy that says “the more well-to-do a nation, the greater the chances it will sustain democracy.” Accordingly, one would expect that nations rich in natural resources, and particularly those with large deposits of oil – a clear absolute advantage – would shine far beyond all others as beacons of democracy and freedom. Unfortunately, nothing seems further from the truth. Studies undoubtedly show that oil dependence leads to a skewing of political forces. It concentrates production to geographic enclaves and concentrates power into the hands of a few elites. It becomes a fisherman’s market for rent-seeking behavior, where those with money jockey for positions and influence to acquire lucrative contracts, the revenues from which are used to further bribe and manipulate those in power. Consequently, those in power secure the positions of their benefactors, creating a vicious circle of corruption and patronage, secured from open inspection of a free press, public accountability, or standards of international business and political practice. They tend to have stratified social classes with a tiny minority earning millions while a vast portion of the population wallow in abject poverty. How is it possible to be so rich, yet so poor? Is this phenomenon, known as the “oil curse,” or in social science parlance, the “resource curse” truly to blame? Does oil really impede democracy and economic growth? “Revisiting the oil curse: are oil rich nations really doomed to autocracy and inequality?” addresses precisely these questions, and the answers are no less than disturbing.
2006-08-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10109/1/MPRA_paper_10109.pdf
Schubert, Samuel R. (2006): Revisiting the oil curse: are oil rich nations really doomed to autocracy and inequality? Published in: Oil and Gas Business , Vol. 2006, (1 August 2006): pp. 1-16.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11984
2019-09-27T12:25:54Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3935
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7375626A656374733D46:4631
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11984/
Some Economics of Seasonal Gas Storage
Chaton, Corinne
Creti, Anna
Villeneuve, Bertrand
L95 - Gas Utilities ; Pipelines ; Water Utilities
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
F1 - Trade
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
We propose a model of seasonal gas markets which is flexible enough to include supply and demand shocks while also considering exhaustibility. The relative performances of alternative policies based on price caps and associated measures or tariffs are discussed. We illustrate with structural estimates on US data how this theory can be used to give insights into the intertemporal incidence of policy instruments.
2008-07-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11984/1/MPRA_paper_11984.pdf
Chaton, Corinne and Creti, Anna and Villeneuve, Bertrand (2008): Some Economics of Seasonal Gas Storage.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20248
2019-09-26T12:19:19Z
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7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20248/
The competitive impact of hypermarket retailers on gasoline prices
Zimmerman, Paul R.
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
Hypermarkets are large retail suppliers of general merchandise or grocery items that also sell gasoline,
often at very low margins. Using panel data for 1998-2002, this paper estimates the impact of
hypermarkets on average state-level retail gasoline prices. The empirical results suggest a robust,
economically (and statistically) significant effect of increased competition from hypermarkets.
Furthermore, the results also suggest that refiners’ lower the delivered wholesale prices charged to their
affiliated lessee-dealer and open-dealer stations in response to increased hypermarket competition, which in
turn translates to lower retail (street) prices. The presence of a state motor fuel sales-below-cost (SBC) law
may lessen the price-reducing effects from hypermarket competition by 40-67 percent while independently
imparting no other offsetting price reductions. Finally, using recently published estimates of the short-run
own price elasticity of demand for gasoline, consumer welfare is estimated to have increased in the
neighborhood of $488 million over the sample period.
2009-06-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20248/1/MPRA_paper_20248.pdf
Zimmerman, Paul R. (2009): The competitive impact of hypermarket retailers on gasoline prices.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23878
2019-09-29T22:21:31Z
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7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3235
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7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3934
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503436
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23878/
Bolivian capitalization and privatization: Approximation to an evaluation
Barja, Gover
McKenzie, David
Urquiola, Miguel
L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
L96 - Telecommunications
L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy
L95 - Gas Utilities ; Pipelines ; Water Utilities
L91 - Transportation: General
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L94 - Electric Utilities
P46 - Consumer Economics ; Health ; Education and Training ; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
The wave of privatizations Latin America experienced during the 1990s was integral to stabilization programs and a general reordering of states’ roles in the regional economy. Over the past few years, however, these privatizations have come under increasing fire. Their purported adverse effects range from higher utility prices to aggravating—or even causing—the current regional recession. In short, privatization shares in the criticism directed at the entire liberalization process. Within this context, accurate knowledge of privatization’s real consequences can be of considerable value. While research has been conducted on certain economic effects, less is known about privatization’s broader social consequences. This chapter attempts to fill some of those gaps as they concern Bolivia.
2004-03-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23878/2/MPRA_paper_23878.pdf
Barja, Gover and McKenzie, David and Urquiola, Miguel (2004): Bolivian capitalization and privatization: Approximation to an evaluation. Published in: Reality Check: The Distributional Impact of Privatization in Developing Countries. Edited by John Nellis and Nancy Birdsall , Vol. Chapte, No. Book (October 2005): pp. 123-177.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25186
2019-09-27T10:00:55Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25186/
Patterns of technological progress and corporate innovation
Waśniewski, Krzysztof
E22 - Investment ; Capital ; Intangible Capital ; Capacity
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
D20 - General
D40 - General
L60 - General
B52 - Institutional ; Evolutionary
O3 - Innovation ; Research and Development ; Technological Change ; Intellectual Property Rights
L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
L10 - General
C70 - General
L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change ; Industrial Price Indices
D03 - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles
L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm
D52 - Incomplete Markets
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
D00 - General
The bulk of the global innovative effort takes place in 5 countries: USA, Japan and China as leaders, with France and United Kingdom as immediate followers, which all display, on the long run, a negative marginal value added on innovation. The present paper attempts to answer the following question: why does most of innovative activity takes place in markets apparently hostile to innovation, i.e. giving back negative marginal value added on innovation ? A model is introduced in which any market may be represented as a Selten’s extensive game, subgames of which are played as Harsanyi’s games with imperfect information, by a temporarily finite and changing set of players. The firms’ innovative activity is a Nash’s dynamic equilibrium in which innovating is rational though suboptimal, without premium on innovation being a real economic profit. The model is the theoretical framework for the study of six cases: Ford Motor, General Motors, Honda, Chevron, Akzo Nobel and IBM, which allow to conclude that firms do innovation either because they have to or because this is their comparative advantage and they can do it in an exceptionally efficient way. As economic growth is grounded in efficient business patterns and in some countries those business patterns shape themselves in the context of a strong exogenous pressure on innovation. This leads to the development of economies which, regardless its pace of economic growth and balance of payments, come to a point when marginal value added on innovation is negative. At this point, however, incentives to innovate do not disappear and firms continue to apply the same business patterns and thus do create scientific input which gives back negative marginal real output. This pattern of global technological progress seem to be quite durable, with financial markets that allow to compensate, by successful financial placements, the downturns of innovative projects.
2010-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25186/1/MPRA_paper_25186.pdf
Waśniewski, Krzysztof (2010): Patterns of technological progress and corporate innovation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28788
2019-10-01T07:47:05Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3636
7375626A656374733D48:4832
7375626A656374733D45:4533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28788/
Food and energy prices, government subsidies and fiscal balances in south Mediterranean countries
Albers, Ronald
Peeters, Marga
E62 - Fiscal Policy
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L66 - Food ; Beverages ; Cosmetics ; Tobacco ; Wine and Spirits
H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
Just before the global crisis soaring commodity prices pushed up inflation significantly, not least in EU neighbour countries at the Mediterranean. These price shocks affected public finances in the southern Mediterranean region, notably via government subsidies. Partly due to lags in the transmission of commodity prices into prices for final users the subsidies burden continued to be felt, despite the price falls registered in the wake of the credit crisis. We show that downward price rigidities play a role. Recently, commodity price pressures have re-emerged. We focus on food prices and analyse recent developments in food inflation in Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the occupied Palestinian territories, Syria and Tunisia in comparison with other middle income economies. Subsidies on food and fuel are quantified per country for the period 2002-2010. The incremental government subsidies entail an estimated deterioration of the government balances of up to more than 2% of GDP in 2008 and, for most countries only slight improvements in the global recession year 2009. Ensuing longer-term challenges for public finances remain as inflation rises on the back of higher global economic growth. As recent events in Tunisia and Egypt illustrate, these can have important political implications. Finally, the paper discusses some options that can lead to more efficient government spending, even in the event of sharp swings in prices of basic necessities.
2011-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28788/1/MPRA_paper_28788.pdf
Albers, Ronald and Peeters, Marga (2011): Food and energy prices, government subsidies and fiscal balances in south Mediterranean countries. Published in: European Economy Economic Papers , Vol. 437, (2011)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32231
2019-09-27T05:28:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3133
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32231/
The timing of capacity expansions as barriers to mobility in the United Kingdom’s petroleum refining industry between 1948 and 1998
Arrieta Paredes, Mary-Paz
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
We try to determine whether capacity expansion timing in oligopoly among incumbents can be considered mobility deterring. We study the United Kingdom ´s petroleum refining industry between 1948 and 1998. Using tobit models, evidence is conclusive about accommodation among incumbents. We infer that excess capacity in this industry, instead of being a tool for strategic deterrence, has been the result of unexpected demand variability.
2004-12-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32231/1/MPRA_paper_32231.pdf
Arrieta Paredes, Mary-Paz (2004): The timing of capacity expansions as barriers to mobility in the United Kingdom’s petroleum refining industry between 1948 and 1998.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32239
2019-10-01T03:47:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3133
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32239/
Capacity Expansions timing patterns in the United Kingdom’s petroleum refining industry between 1948 and 1998
Arrieta Paredes, Mary-Paz
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
We try to get a handle on whether capacity expansion timing patterns in oligopoly among incumbents are followed. We study the United Kingdom ´s petroleum refining industry between 1948 and 1998. Using fixed-effects logit models, we find that U.K.´s refiners have not followed any definite capacity expansion-timing pattern.
2004-12-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32239/1/MPRA_paper_32239.pdf
Arrieta Paredes, Mary-Paz (2004): Capacity Expansions timing patterns in the United Kingdom’s petroleum refining industry between 1948 and 1998.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37707
2019-09-26T16:05:33Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3636
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7375626A656374733D45:4533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37707/
Food prices, government subsidies and fiscal balances in south Mediterranean countries
Peeters, Marga
Albers, Ronald
E62 - Fiscal Policy
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L66 - Food ; Beverages ; Cosmetics ; Tobacco ; Wine and Spirits
H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
Soaring food and energy prices sparked the revolts in Northern African countries at the end of 2010. Despite government subsidies, consumer price inflation rose, which reduced consumers’ purchasing power. This article empirically investigates the impact of world food prices on inflation and government subsidies for Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the occupied Palestinian territories and Tunisia during the ten-year period 2002-2011. Our findings show an asymmetry in the response of consumer price inflation to world food price shocks, in that soaring world food prices made inflation rise fast while nominal rigidities prevented inflation from falling. Moreover, this paper shows that government balances deteriorated up to 2% of GDP in 2008 and 2011 due to the incremental government food subsidies while they hardly improved in value terms when world food prices sharply fell in 2009.
2011-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37707/2/MPRA_paper_37707.pdf
Peeters, Marga and Albers, Ronald (2011): Food prices, government subsidies and fiscal balances in south Mediterranean countries. Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38138
2019-10-05T18:34:34Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3636
7375626A656374733D48:4832
7375626A656374733D45:4533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38138/
Food prices, government subsidies and fiscal balances in south Mediterranean countries
Peeters, Marga
Albers, Ronald
E62 - Fiscal Policy
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L66 - Food ; Beverages ; Cosmetics ; Tobacco ; Wine and Spirits
H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
Soaring food and energy prices sparked the revolts in Northern African countries at the end of 2010. Despite government subsidies, consumer price inflation rose, which reduced consumers’ purchasing power. This article empirically investigates the impact of world food prices on inflation and government subsidies for Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the occupied Palestinian territories and Tunisia during the ten-year period 2002-2011. Our findings show an asymmetry in the response of consumer price inflation to world food price shocks, in that soaring world food prices made inflation rise fast while nominal rigidities prevented inflation from falling. Moreover, this paper shows that government balances deteriorated up to 2% of GDP in 2008 and 2011 due to the incremental government food subsidies while they hardly improved in value terms when world food prices sharply fell in 2009.
2011-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38138/1/MPRA_paper_38138.pdf
Peeters, Marga and Albers, Ronald (2011): Food prices, government subsidies and fiscal balances in south Mediterranean countries. Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38456
2019-09-27T04:48:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3133
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38456/
Capacity Expansions timing patterns in the United Kingdom’s petroleum refining industry between 1948 and 1998
Arrieta Paredes, Mary-Paz
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
We try to get a handle on whether capacity expansion timing patterns in oligopoly among incumbents are followed. We study the United Kingdom ´s petroleum refining industry between 1948 and 1998. Using fixed-effects logit models, we find that U.K.´s refiners have not followed any definite capacity expansion-timing pattern.
2004-12-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38456/1/MPRA_paper_38456.pdf
Arrieta Paredes, Mary-Paz (2004): Capacity Expansions timing patterns in the United Kingdom’s petroleum refining industry between 1948 and 1998.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:40746
2019-09-26T21:06:26Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3235
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3738
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3230
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40746/
Abu Dhabi und Dubai: Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung wie aus 1001 Nacht?
Benner, Maximilian
O25 - Industrial Policy
O10 - General
L78 - Government Policy
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
O20 - General
O14 - Industrialization ; Manufacturing and Service Industries ; Choice of Technology
The development of Abu Dhabi and Dubai during past years seems breathtaking. Both emirates pursue a strategy of diversifying their economic structure and thus of becoming less dependent on oil and gas. The obvious goal is to secure their prosperity for an era beyond oil. Diversification is a relevant strategic imperative for other resource-rich developing countries, too. In view of the current transformation processes in Arab countries the question whether differing strategies of the two emirates can pose a model for other countries becomes highly significant.
2011-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40746/1/MPRA_paper_40746.pdf
Benner, Maximilian (2011): Abu Dhabi und Dubai: Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung wie aus 1001 Nacht? Published in:
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48905
2019-09-27T11:04:45Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483235
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3632
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3938
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48905/
The Market Impact and the Cost of Environmental Policy: Evidence from the Swedish Green Car Rebate
Huse, Cristian
Lucinda, Claudio
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
L62 - Automobiles ; Other Transportation Equipment ; Related Parts and Equipment
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L98 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q48 - Government Policy
We quantify the effects of the Swedish GCR, a program to reduce oil dependence and greenhouse gas emissions in the automobile industry. We find the GCR to increase the market shares of `green cars' and its cost to be $109/tonCO2 saved, thus 5 times the price of an emission permit. Since the main green cars in Sweden are FFVs (flexible-fuel vehicles), which can switch between petrol (gasoline) and ethanol, we also account for fuel choice, which increases the cost of the program. Finally, we show that consumers would have purchased FFVs regardless of the rebate provided by the GCR.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48905/1/MPRA_paper_48905.pdf
Huse, Cristian and Lucinda, Claudio (2013): The Market Impact and the Cost of Environmental Policy: Evidence from the Swedish Green Car Rebate. Forthcoming in: Economic Journal
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:62154
2019-09-28T18:40:23Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62154/
Unconventional Gas and Oil Development in the United States: Economic Experience and Policy Issues
Kelsey, Timothy
Partridge, Mark
White, Nancy
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
This paper examines the economic experience of past energy booms and of current unconventional shale gas and oil development. It focuses on key economic characteristics of gas and oil development, such as its employment potential, the geography of such development, its boom-bust nature, and the economic experience with shale oil and gas development. This background is used to discuss important economic policy issues arising with unconventional oil and gas development, such as taxation, governmental use of those revenues, preemption, and equity in the distribution of costs and benefits. The paper concludes with economic policy recommendations for states and communities affected by such development.
2014-02-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62154/1/MPRA_paper_62154.pdf
Kelsey, Timothy and Partridge, Mark and White, Nancy (2014): Unconventional Gas and Oil Development in the United States: Economic Experience and Policy Issues.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:63257
2019-09-27T04:53:30Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463139
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463233
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463439
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3133
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63257/
Нафтата како енергенс - минато, сегашност, иднина
Kovachev, Goran
F19 - Other
F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business
F49 - Other
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
Q41 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
Основна цел на овој труд е да покаже што претставува нафтата за светското стопанство, нејзиното производство и употреба, влијанието на нафтата и нафтените деривати во светската трговија, движењата на светскиот пазар со нафта во втората половина од 20-тиот век и неговите идни перспективи. Најголем простор во трудот е отстапен на ОПЕК картелот како главен производител и трговец со нафта во светот и на неговите форми на контрола на производството и трговијата со нафта. Голем акцент е ставен и на предвидувањето за идните движења на цената и производството на нафта врз основа на истражувањата на најголемите авторитети од оваа област. На крај, трудот се осврнува и на значењето на нафтата во стопанството на Македонија како увозно зависна земја од овој енергенс. Во трудот е користен методот на анализа на статистичките податоци како и методот на дедукција.
The main objective of this paper is to show the importance of oil in world’s economy, oil production and use, its impact on world trade, international oil market between 1950’s and 2000’s alongside with its future prospects. The greatest part of this paper is dedicated to OPEC cartel as world’s major petroleum producer and trader as well as its forms of control in production and trade. Stong emphasis is given on the prediction of greatest authorities in this area about future price trends and production of oil. Finally, the paper stresses the importance of oil in Macedonian economy, a country deeply dependent on petroleum-import. The methods of statistical data analysis and deduction are widely used in this survey.
2001-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/63257/1/MPRA_paper_63257.pdf
Kovachev, Goran (2001): Нафтата како енергенс - минато, сегашност, иднина. Published in: University Sts. Cyril and Methodius, Faculty of Economics - Skopje No. Graduation Paper (October 2001): pp. 1-36.
mk
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:67615
2019-10-05T19:06:13Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463231
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463233
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463633
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67615/
Multinational investment projects in the petrochemical industry in China
Todeva, Emanuela
Fu, Yan
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business
F63 - Economic Development
L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
Purpose – The paper discusses the new concept of “Multinational Investment Projects” (MIPs) and
its application in the context of international business operations in China. The petrochemical industry in China is used as the industrial context in which we investigate the interplay between the Chinese government, which encourages growth and investment activities in the sector, and the multinational petrochemical firms competing for global market share in this sector.
Design/methodology/approach – The paper investigates the nature of the petrochemical value chain and the investment activities in all of its segments. Using an originally created database of the top 180 MIPs in the petrochemical industry in China and additional context information the business environment in China, the paper reviews the investment strategies of multinational petrochemical
corporations, and discusses their strategic choices for mode of entry in China, geographic location and location within the value chain.
Findings – The overview of MIPs in the Chinese petrochemical industry confirms the theoretical expectations of the critical impact of Chinese Government policies. The paper explains the emerging shape of international competition in this sector of the Chinese economy.
Originality/value – The main contributions of this paper are the new conceptual framework for analysis of the drivers for strategic investment choices, the assembly of a database with the top 180 MIPs in the petrochemical industry in China, and the analysis of the relationships between the regional endowments, concentration of value-chain activities and location choices by multinational
firms from different countries of origin. The results demonstrate the factors that drive growth in a
knowledge-, technology- and capital-intensive sector.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67615/8/MPRA_paper_67615.pdf
Todeva, Emanuela and Fu, Yan (2010): Multinational investment projects in the petrochemical industry in China. Published in: Journal of Knowledge-based Innovation in China , Vol. 2, No. 1 (2010): pp. 46-72.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:74751
2019-10-06T16:30:11Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453330
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74751/
Volatilité des cours des produits miniers et vulnérabilité de l’économie: est-ce que la croissance économique va s’essouffler en RDC?
Izu, Akhenaton
E30 - General
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
Inspired of the decrease of the prices of oil between January 2014 and January 2016, this article wonders about the capacity of resilience of the congolese economy in relation to the decrease of the mining product prices noticed since June 2015. The econometric analysis teaches that that a decrease of 10% of the export returns entails a reduction of the growth rate of 4% and a decrease of 20% of export returns entails a decrease of 9%. If the tendency observed since June 2015 continues, the economic growth will be blown in 2018 according to our simulations. Thus, we propose the creation of a mining fund to palliate the volatility of the mining product prices.
2016-07-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74751/1/MPRA_paper_74751.pdf
Izu, Akhenaton (2016): Volatilité des cours des produits miniers et vulnérabilité de l’économie: est-ce que la croissance économique va s’essouffler en RDC? Published in: Jeune Economiste , Vol. 19, No. 27 (21 October 2016): pp. 37-45.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:78657
2019-09-28T01:08:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3133
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513331
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513335
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/78657/
OPEC, Saudi Arabia, and the Shale Revolution: Insights from Equilibrium Modelling and Oil Politics
Ansari, Dawud
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
O53 - Asia including Middle East
Q31 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
Q35 - Hydrocarbon Resources
Why did OPEC not cut oil production in the wake of 2014’s price fall? This study aims at aiding the mostly qualitative discussion with quantitative evidence from computing quarterly partial market equi-libria Q4 2011 – Q4 2015 under present short-term profit maximisation and different competition set-ups. Although the model performs reasonably well in explaining pre-2014 prices, all setups fail to cap-ture low prices, which fall even beyond perfect competition outcomes. This result is robust with respect to large variations in cost parameters. Rejecting present short-term profit maximisation, as well as a qualitative discussion of Saudi Arabian politics and the shale oil revolution, lead to the conclusion that the price drop of 2014-16 was most plausibly the result of an attempt to defend market shares and to test for shale oil resilience, besides being fuelled by other factors such as tightening climate policies. Although shale oil might have increased competition permanently (as supported by model results), the agreement of December 2016 should not be misunderstood as an OPEC defeat.
2017-04-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/78657/1/MPRA_paper_78657.pdf
Ansari, Dawud (2017): OPEC, Saudi Arabia, and the Shale Revolution: Insights from Equilibrium Modelling and Oil Politics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:82613
2019-09-28T08:45:29Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3133
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513331
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513335
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82613/
OPEC, Saudi Arabia, and the Shale Revolution: Insights from Equilibrium Modelling and Oil Politics
Ansari, Dawud
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
O53 - Asia including Middle East
Q31 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
Q35 - Hydrocarbon Resources
Why did OPEC not cut oil production in the wake of 2014’s price fall? This study aims at aiding the mostly qualitative discussion with quantitative evidence from computing quarterly partial market equilibria Q4 2011 – Q4 2015 under present short-term profit maximisation and different competition setups. Although the model performs reasonably well in explaining pre-2014 prices, all setups fail to capture low prices, which fall even beyond perfect competition outcomes. This result is robust with respect to large variations in cost parameters. Rejecting present short-term profit maximisation, as well as a qualitative discussion of Saudi Arabian politics and the shale oil revolution, lead to the conclusion that the price drop of 2014-16 was most plausibly the result of an attempt to defend market shares and to test for shale oil resilience, besides being fuelled by other factors such as rising competitiveness of alternative technologies. Although shale oil might have increased competition permanently (as supported by model results), the agreement of December 2016 should not be misunderstood as an OPEC defeat.
2017-04-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82613/1/MPRA_paper_82613.pdf
Ansari, Dawud (2017): OPEC, Saudi Arabia, and the Shale Revolution: Insights from Equilibrium Modelling and Oil Politics. Published in: Energy Policy No. 111 (5 September 2017): pp. 166-178.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:86668
2019-09-29T01:24:58Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3638
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3734
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3836
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3934
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/86668/
Modeling and Checking the Power Quality of High Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp
Sadeghian, Ehsan
L68 - Appliances ; Furniture ; Other Consumer Durables
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L74 - Construction
L86 - Information and Internet Services ; Computer Software
L94 - Electric Utilities
High pressure sodium Vapor lamps due to long service life High Light, as the most comprehensive street lighting and industrial lighting Whose use is increasing day by day. One of the major drawbacks to these lamps is producing a lot of current harmonic. Therefore, check the Power Quality of these lamps becomes necessary. To check the quality of our lamps, it's necessary to express the exact model of these lamps. In this paper, we simulate a high-pressure lamp based on plasma physics equations. With this exact model, the power consumption of these lamps is considered by using THD and the results are compared with the standard values. In this paper, taking into account the magnetic ballast for a high-pressure sodium Vapor lamp, a precise simulation of these lamps was performed using the MATLAB / Simulink software.
2018-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/86668/1/MPRA_paper_86668.pdf
Sadeghian, Ehsan (2018): Modeling and Checking the Power Quality of High Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp. Published in: International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE) , Vol. 7, No. Issue 3 (March 2018): pp. 232-237.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:87860
2019-09-27T12:23:32Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3631
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3632
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3734
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3835
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3931
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3935
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3937
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/87860/
A Literature Review on the Sediment Transport Process in Shallow-Grade Culverts and Storm Sewers
Ketabdar, Milad
Strom, Kyle
Qian, Qin
L61 - Metals and Metal Products ; Cement ; Glass ; Ceramics
L62 - Automobiles ; Other Transportation Equipment ; Related Parts and Equipment
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L74 - Construction
L85 - Real Estate Services
L91 - Transportation: General
L95 - Gas Utilities ; Pipelines ; Water Utilities
L97 - Utilities: General
Sedimentation of fine muddy material in culverts and storm sewers becomes an important issue in Texas coastal plain shallow-grade drain systems. It leads to a reduction inflow capacity with time and an associated high cost of cleaning. It may not be possible to maintain the required 2 feet per second along sewer in time. The objective of study is to conduct an extensive literature review, and field survey to implement physical experiment for quantifying the sediment transport process in shallow grade culverts and storm sewers. The previous studies indicate that culverts or sewers should be designed to transport fine grains as a suspended load and transport granular sediments as a bed load, and to erode the sediment deposition with high flow velocity to achieve self-cleaning. The suspended load, bed load and bed erosion sediment transport equations have been developed as the function of the sediment grain size, the sediment concentration, the slope of the culverts or sewers, the bed roughness. To quantify the sediment characteristics, three samples were collected from the culvert, the ditch and the sewer located in Orange County of southeast Texas. The sieve analysis indicates that d50 are greater than 0.5mm and d65 are greater than 1mm for all the samples. However, more fine particles are included in the sewer sump and ditch than that in the culvert. The ongoing study is to set up a physical model based on the key variables in the previous transport equation to study the transport process in shallow grade culverts and storm sewers.
2015-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/87860/1/MPRA_paper_87860.pdf
Ketabdar, Milad and Strom, Kyle and Qian, Qin (2015): A Literature Review on the Sediment Transport Process in Shallow-Grade Culverts and Storm Sewers. Published in: ASEE Gulf-Southwest Annual Conference (March 2015)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:88520
2019-09-30T15:21:18Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3136
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3631
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3633
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/88520/
Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Cold Rolling Process
Atuwo, Tamaraebi
L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change ; Industrial Price Indices
L61 - Metals and Metal Products ; Cement ; Glass ; Ceramics
L63 - Microelectronics ; Computers ; Communications Equipment
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
Rolling is one of the most complicated processes in metal forming. Knowing the exact amount of basic parameters, especially inter-stand tensions can be effective in controlling other parameters in this process. Inter-stand tensions affect rolling pressure, rolling force, forward and backward slips and neutral angle. Calculating this effect is an important step in continuous rolling design and control. Since inter-stand tensions cannot be calculated analytically, attempt is made to describes an approach based on artificial neural network (ANN) in order to identify the applied parameters in a cold tandem rolling mill. Due to the limited experimental data, in this subject a five stand tandem cold rolling mill is simulated through finite element method. The outputs of the FE simulation are applied in training the network and then, the network is employed for prediction of tensions in a tandem cold rolling mill. Here, after changing and checking the different designs of the network, the 11-42-4 structure by one hidden layer is selected as the best network. The verification factor of ANN results according to experimental data are over R=0.9586 for training and testing the data sets. The experimental results obtained from the five stands tandem cold rolling mill. This paper proposed new ANN for prediction of inter-stand tensions. Also, this ANN method shows a fuzzy control algorithm for investigating the effect of front and back tensions on reducing the thickness deviations of hot rolled steel strips. The average of the training and testing data sets is mentioned 0.9586. It means they have variable values which are discussed in details in section 4. According to Table 7, this proposed ANN model has the correlation coefficients of 0.9586, 0.9798, 0.9762 and 0.9742, respectively for training data sets and 0.9905, 0.9798, 0.9762 and 0.9803, respectively for the testing data sets. These obtained numbers indicate the acceptable accuracy of the ANN method in predicting the inter-stand tensions of the rolling tandem mill. This method provides a highly accurate solution with reduced computational time and is suitable for on-line control or optimization in tandem cold rolling mills. Due to the limited experimental data, for data extraction for the ANN simulation, a 2D tandem cold rolling process is simulated using ABAQUS 6.9 software. For designing a network for this rolling problem, various structures of neural networks are studied in MATLAB 7.8 software.
2018-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/88520/1/MPRA_paper_88520.pdf
Atuwo, Tamaraebi (2018): Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Cold Rolling Process. Published in: International Journal of Control Science and Engineering , Vol. 1, No. 8 (July 2018): pp. 22-30.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:90059
2019-09-28T06:58:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3931
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3938
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/90059/
Measuring Long-Run Price Elasticities in Urban Travel Demand
Donna, Javier D.
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L91 - Transportation: General
L98 - Government Policy
This paper develops a structural model of urban travel to estimate long-run price elasticities. A dynamic discrete choice demand model with switching costs is estimated, using a panel dataset with public market-level data on automobile and public transit use for Chicago. The estimated model shows that long-run own- (automobile) and cross- (transit) price elasticities are more elastic than short-run elasticities, and that elasticity estimates from static and myopic models are downward biased. The estimated model is used to evaluate the response to a gasoline tax. Static and myopic models mismeasure long-run substitution patterns, and could lead to incorrect policy decisions.
2018-11-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/90059/1/MPRA_paper_90058.pdf
Donna, Javier D. (2018): Measuring Long-Run Price Elasticities in Urban Travel Demand.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:90260
2019-09-28T14:44:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3931
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3938
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/90260/
Measuring Long-Run Price Elasticities in Urban Travel Demand
Donna, Javier D.
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L91 - Transportation: General
L98 - Government Policy
This paper develops a structural model of urban travel to estimate long-run price elasticities. A dynamic discrete choice demand model with switching costs is estimated, using a panel dataset with public market-level data on automobile and public transit use for Chicago. The estimated model shows that long-run own- (automobile) and cross- (transit) price elasticities are more elastic than short-run elasticities, and that elasticity estimates from static and myopic models are downward biased. The estimated model is used to evaluate the response to a gasoline tax. Static and myopic models mismeasure long-run substitution patterns, and could lead to incorrect policy decisions.
2018-11-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/90260/1/MPRA_paper_90260.pdf
Donna, Javier D. (2018): Measuring Long-Run Price Elasticities in Urban Travel Demand.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:92202
2019-09-26T20:09:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3931
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3938
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/92202/
Measuring Long-Run Price Elasticities in Urban Travel Demand
Donna, Javier D.
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L91 - Transportation: General
L98 - Government Policy
This paper develops a structural model of urban travel to estimate long-run price elasticities. A dynamic discrete choice demand model with switching costs is estimated, using a panel dataset with public market-level data on automobile and public transit use for Chicago. The estimated model shows that long-run own- (automobile) and cross- (transit) price elasticities are more elastic than short-run elasticities, and that elasticity estimates from static and myopic models are downward biased. The estimated model is used to evaluate the response to a gasoline tax. Static and myopic models mismeasure long-run substitution patterns, and could lead to incorrect policy decisions.
2018-11-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/92202/1/MPRA_paper_92202.pdf
Donna, Javier D. (2018): Measuring Long-Run Price Elasticities in Urban Travel Demand.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:92233
2019-09-28T12:03:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3931
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3938
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/92233/
Measuring Long-Run Price Elasticities in Urban Travel Demand
Donna, Javier D.
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L91 - Transportation: General
L98 - Government Policy
This paper develops a structural model of urban travel to estimate long-run price elasticities. A dynamic discrete choice demand model with switching costs is estimated, using a panel dataset with public market-level data on automobile and public transit use for Chicago. The estimated model shows that long-run own- (automobile) and cross- (transit) price elasticities are more elastic than short-run elasticities, and that elasticity estimates from static and myopic models are downward biased. The estimated model is used to evaluate the response to a gasoline tax. Static and myopic models mismeasure long-run substitution patterns, and could lead to incorrect policy decisions.
2018-11-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/92233/1/MPRA_paper_92233.pdf
Donna, Javier D. (2018): Measuring Long-Run Price Elasticities in Urban Travel Demand.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:98390
2020-01-30T17:08:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513137
7375626A656374733D51:5134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/98390/
The Relationship between Oil and Brazilian Agricultural Commodities Prices
Salles, Andre Assis de
Oliveira, Erick Meira de
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
Q4 - Energy
Many empirical studies have been conducted on the influence of international crude oil price movements on several markets, particularly on commodity markets which are crucial to the world economy. This paper aims to examine the conditional correlation between the returns of oil prices and certain agricultural commodities price returns, using appropriate multivariate GARCH models. The selection of such agricultural commodities takes into account their relevant weight in the Brazilian foreign trade. The results suggest that these models can be used for forecasting the behavior of the above-mentioned markets. All data have been obtained from weekly time series of the Brent type crude oil prices, in US$ per Barrel, and selected commodities FOB prices. The time period spanned by the analysis ranges from February 2004 to February 2012.
2014-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/98390/2/MPRA_paper_98390.pdf
Salles, Andre Assis de and Oliveira, Erick Meira de (2014): The Relationship between Oil and Brazilian Agricultural Commodities Prices.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:98515
2020-02-06T13:18:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433131
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433538
7375626A656374733D45:4534:453434
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473135
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/98515/
The Relationship between Crude Oil Prices and Exchange Rates
Salles, Andre Assis de
C11 - Bayesian Analysis: General
C58 - Financial Econometrics
E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
G15 - International Financial Markets
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q4 - Energy
Crude oil prices are influenced by several events that occur randomly, for example, the weather, the available stocks of oil, the economic growth, the variation in the industrial production, political or geopolitical aspects, exchange rate movements, and so on. Oil price volatility brings uncertainties for the world economy. Despite the difficulty in working with oil price time series, a lot of researches have been developing ways to better understand the stochastic process which represents oil prices movements. This work introduces an alternative methodology, with a Bayesian approach, for the construction of forecasting models to study the returns of oil prices. The methodology introduced here takes in consideration the violation of homoskedasticity and the occurrence of abnormal information, or the non-Gaussian distribution, in the construction of the price forecast models. Moreover, this work examines the relationship between crude oil prices and exchange rate through a cointegration test. The data used in this study consists of the daily closing exchange rate of US dollar to Euro, and oil prices of WTI, West Texas Intermediate, and Brent types, from January 2005 to March 2009. The results do not show the acceptance of cointegration hypothesis. With the presented models, it is possible to infer that the exchange rate is important to explain the oil barrel returns.
2012
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/98515/1/MPRA_paper_98515.pdf
Salles, Andre Assis de (2012): The Relationship between Crude Oil Prices and Exchange Rates. Published in: China-USA Business Review , Vol. 11, No. 5 (2012): pp. 581-590.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:102292
2020-08-10T07:47:26Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4230
7375626A656374733D42:4235
7375626A656374733D46:4631
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463131
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463135
7375626A656374733D46:4632
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463233
7375626A656374733D46:4634
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463432
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7375626A656374733D46:4636
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463632
7375626A656374733D46:4636:463633
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3732
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3130
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3135
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3137
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35
7375626A656374733D4E:4E37
7375626A656374733D4E:4E37:4E3730
7375626A656374733D4E:4E37:4E3735
7375626A656374733D4E:4E37:4E3737
7375626A656374733D50:5035
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503531
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503532
7375626A656374733D51:5131
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513137
7375626A656374733D51:5133
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513332
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513337
7375626A656374733D51:5134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102292/
Australian Trade and FDI Relations with Japan: Reflecting on the Past Seven Decades
Bayari, Celal
B0 - General
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
F1 - Trade
F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F15 - Economic Integration
F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business
F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business
F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
F44 - International Business Cycles
F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization
F62 - Macroeconomic Impacts
F63 - Economic Development
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics ; Industrial Structure ; Growth ; Fluctuations
N10 - General, International, or Comparative
N15 - Asia including Middle East
N17 - Africa ; Oceania
N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries
N7 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services
N70 - General, International, or Comparative
N75 - Asia including Middle East
N77 - Africa ; Oceania
P5 - Comparative Economic Systems
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
Q1 - Agriculture
Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
Q37 - Issues in International Trade
Q4 - Energy
Q41 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
The post-World War II reconstruction of global trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) has been a significant topic of discussion in the analyses of numerous bilateral economic relations, including those that are located in Asia Pacific. Since the reconstruction, Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) have increasingly internalised trade and FDI in markets where they are active. Markets and MNE activities have grown together while governments have become more responsive to this process. This paper discusses the above process along with an analysis of the rise and development of the economic relationship between Australia and Japan from the immediate post-World War II phase through Australia’s neo-liberal trade policy phase. The post-World War II relationship began in the 1950s, and grew during the Cold War years, the end of which has created competitive pressures on the Australian economy. Australia has tried to overcome this by progressively adapting a unilateral neo-liberal trade policy and encouraging its trade and investment partners to do the same, unsuccessfully in most cases where such partners have extensive state subsidy structures in place. The paper discusses the effects of major events such as the Plaza Accord and the end of Japan’s ‘bubble economy’ on the relationship. The discussion extends into the development of new challenges in the 2010s.
2012-06-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102292/1/MPRA_paper_102292.pdf
Bayari, Celal (2012): Australian Trade and FDI Relations with Japan: Reflecting on the Past Seven Decades. Published in: , Vol. 12, No. 2012 12 (1 December 2012): pp. 144-188.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:109297
2021-08-22T07:11:30Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433333
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433534
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513338
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/109297/
Asymmetry and hysteresis in the Russian gasoline market: the rationale for green energy exports
Fantazzini, Dean
Kolesnikova, Anna
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
C33 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
C54 - Quantitative Policy Modeling
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
Q28 - Government Policy
Q38 - Government Policy
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
Q48 - Government Policy
Using monthly data of 79 Russian regions from 2003 to 2017, we study the long-run relationship of the retail gasoline prices with the crude oil price and the nominal exchange rate. We find that models that were successfully applied to deal with asymmetries in other countries are not suitable for Russia without taking structural breaks into account. Once breaks are allowed, we find that there is no asymmetry in the long-run elasticities between the gasoline prices and the crude oil price,
and no significant hysteresis. However, there is an asymmetric relation between the gasoline price and the exchange rate that has decreased over time. These results also hold after several robustness checks. The evidence reported in this work shows that the effects of the exchange rate on gasoline prices are much more difficult to control than the oil price, and they require a larger set of policy measures: the recent development of a plan to decrease the importance of hydrocarbons exports
by producing clean hydrogen using electrolysis and pyrolysis and the potential future export of electricity generated using nuclear power and onshore wind farms may help to diversify the local economy and to shield it from new sanctions.
2021
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/109297/1/MPRA_paper_109297.pdf
Fantazzini, Dean and Kolesnikova, Anna (2021): Asymmetry and hysteresis in the Russian gasoline market: the rationale for green energy exports. Forthcoming in: Energy Policy (2021)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:109545
2021-09-02T11:48:13Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483232
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483235
7375626A656374733D4C:4C34:4C3433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3931
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3938
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/109545/
Measuring Long-Run Gasoline Price Elasticities in Urban Travel Demand
Donna, Javier D.
H22 - Incidence
H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L91 - Transportation: General
L98 - Government Policy
I develop a structural model of urban travel to estimate long run gasoline price elasticities. I model the demand for transportation services using a dynamic discrete-choice model with switching costs and estimate it using a panel dataset with public market-level data on automobile and public transit use in Chicago. Long-run own- (automobile) and cross- (transit) price elasticities are substantially more elastic than short-run elasticities. Elasticity estimates from static and myopic models are downward biased. I use the estimated model to evaluate the response to several counterfactual policies. A gasoline tax is less regressive after accounting for the long-run substitution behavior.
2021-05-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/109545/1/MPRA_paper_109545.pdf
Donna, Javier D. (2021): Measuring Long-Run Gasoline Price Elasticities in Urban Travel Demand. Forthcoming in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:110133
2021-10-11T09:12:26Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463231
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463534
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/110133/
Natural resources and wealth inequality: a cross-country analysis
Tadadjeu, Sosson
Njangang, Henri
Asongu, Simplice
Nounamo, Yann
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
F54 - Colonialism ; Imperialism ; Postcolonialism
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
This study investigates the impact of natural resources on wealth inequality as a first attempt on a panel of 45 developed and developing countries over the period 2000-2014. Using the Generalized Method of Moments, the results provide stong evidence that natural resources increase wealth inequality within a linear empirical framework. These results are robust to the use of alternative natural resources and wealth inequality measures. Additionnaly, a nonlinear analysis provides evidence of an inverted U shaped relationship between natural resources and wealth inequality. The net effect of enhancing natural resources on wealth inequality is positive and building on the corresponding conditional negative effect, the attendant natural resource thresholds for inclusive development are provided. It follows that while natural resources increase wealth inequality, some critical levels of natural resources are needed for natural resources to reduce wealth inequality.
2021-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/110133/1/MPRA_paper_110133.pdf
Tadadjeu, Sosson and Njangang, Henri and Asongu, Simplice and Nounamo, Yann (2021): Natural resources and wealth inequality: a cross-country analysis. Forthcoming in: Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:110641
2021-11-12T10:53:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463231
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463534
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/110641/
Governance in mitigating the effect of oil wealth on wealth inequality: a cross-country analysis of policy thresholds
Njangang, Henri
Asongu, Simplice
Tadadjeu, Sosson
Nounamo, Yann
Kamguia, Brice
F21 - International Investment ; Long-Term Capital Movements
F54 - Colonialism ; Imperialism ; Postcolonialism
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
The study assesses the role of governance in modulating the effect of oil wealth on wealth inequality in 45 countries in the world. The empirical evidence is based on Pooled Ordinary Least Squares and the Generalised Method of Moments. The findings show that oil rents unconditionally increase wealth inequality while govenance dyanmics (in terms of rule of law, corruption-control, government effectiveness, regulatory quality) moderate oil rents for an overall net negative effect on wealth inequality. Good governance thresholds at which the unconditional effect of oil rents on the wealth inequality changes from positive to negative are computed and discussed. It follows that while governance is a necessary condition for improving the redistributive effects of oil wealth, it becomes a sufficient condition for net positive improvements in wealth distribution only when some critical levels of good governance have been reached. Other policy implications are discussed.
2021-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/110641/1/MPRA_paper_110641.pdf
Njangang, Henri and Asongu, Simplice and Tadadjeu, Sosson and Nounamo, Yann and Kamguia, Brice (2021): Governance in mitigating the effect of oil wealth on wealth inequality: a cross-country analysis of policy thresholds.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:119402
2023-12-20T11:48:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453232
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453233
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463138
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463233
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463335
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463534
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3935
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3537
7375626A656374733D4E:4E37:4E3737
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513335
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/119402/
Prospects for LNG and Hydrogen Export from Sub-Saharan Africa to the EU
Kohnert, Dirk
E22 - Investment ; Capital ; Intangible Capital ; Capacity
E23 - Production
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F18 - Trade and Environment
F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business
F35 - Foreign Aid
F54 - Colonialism ; Imperialism ; Postcolonialism
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L95 - Gas Utilities ; Pipelines ; Water Utilities
N57 - Africa ; Oceania
N77 - Africa ; Oceania
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q35 - Hydrocarbon Resources
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Since Russia's war in Ukraine, many European countries have been scrambling to find alternative energy sources. One of the answers was to increase imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG). By bypassing the use of pipelines from the East and by building LNG terminals, the EU opened up a wider variety of potential suppliers. The Europe-Africa Energy and Climate Partnership provides a framework for a win-win alliance. African countries will be key players in the future, including sub-Saharan countries such as Nigeria, Senegal, Mozambique and Angola. According to the REPowerEU plan, hydrogen partnerships in Africa will enable the import of 10 million tons of hydrogen by 2030, replacing about 18 billion cubic meters of imported Russian gas. Algeria, Niger and Nigeria recently agreed to build a 4,128-kilometer trans-Saharan gas pipeline that would run through the three countries to Europe. Once completed, the pipeline will transport 30 billion cubic meters of gas per year. The African Coalition for Trade and Investment (ACTING) estimates potential sub-Saharan LNG export capacity at 134 million tonnes of LNG (approximately 175 billion m3) by 2030. Sub-Saharan Africa is also expected to become the main producer of green hydrogen by 2050. However, this market remains to be developed and requires significant expansion of renewable production and water availability. However, the EU countries and companies involved would be well advised to take note of the adoption of much stricter EU greenhouse gas reduction targets for 2030 and the publication of the European Commission's methane strategy. That being said, the EU could risk having more than half of Europe's LNG infrastructure idle by 2030, as European LNG capacity in 2030 exceeds total forecast gas demand, including LNG and pipeline gas. Regardless, it should not be forgotten that African countries want and need to develop their domestic gas markets as a priority, and that export potential depends on this domestic development. However, LNG alone is not enough to ensure the resilience of the system in the event of a supply failure. Alternative energy sources and energy conservation remain essential.
2023-12-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/119402/1/MPRA_paper_119402.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (2023): Prospects for LNG and Hydrogen Export from Sub-Saharan Africa to the EU.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:119405
2023-12-23T08:46:31Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/119405/
Prospects for LNG and Hydrogen Export from Sub-Saharan Africa to the EU
Kohnert, Dirk
E22 - Investment ; Capital ; Intangible Capital ; Capacity
E23 - Production
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F18 - Trade and Environment
F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business
F35 - Foreign Aid
F54 - Colonialism ; Imperialism ; Postcolonialism
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L95 - Gas Utilities ; Pipelines ; Water Utilities
N57 - Africa ; Oceania
N77 - Africa ; Oceania
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q35 - Hydrocarbon Resources
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Since Russia's war in Ukraine, many European countries have been scrambling to find alternative energy sources. One of the answers was to increase imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG). By bypassing the use of pipelines from the East by building LNG terminals, the EU opened up a wider variety of potential suppliers. The Europe-Africa Energy and Climate Partnership provides a framework for a win-win alliance. African countries will be key players in the future, including sub-Saharan countries such as Nigeria, Senegal, Mozambique and Angola. According to the REPowerEU plan, hydrogen partnerships in Africa will enable the import of 10 million tons of hydrogen by 2030, replacing about 18 billion cubic meters of imported Russian gas. Algeria, Niger and Nigeria recently agreed to build a 4,128-kilometer trans-Saharan gas pipeline that would run through the three countries to Europe. Once completed, the pipeline will transport 30 billion cubic meters of gas per year. The African Coalition for Trade and Investment (ACTING) estimates potential sub-Saharan LNG export capacity at 134 million tonnes of LNG (approximately 175 billion m3) by 2030. Sub-Saharan Africa is also expected to become the main producer of green hydrogen by 2050. However, this market remains to be developed and requires significant expansion of renewable production and water availability. However, the EU countries and companies involved would be well advised to take note of the adoption of much stricter EU greenhouse gas reduction targets for 2030 and the publication of the European Commission's methane strategy. That being said, the EU could risk having more than half of Europe's LNG infrastructure idle by 2030, as European LNG capacity in 2030 exceeds total forecast gas demand, including LNG and pipeline gas. Regardless, it should not be forgotten that African countries want and need to develop their domestic gas markets as a priority, and that export potential depends on this domestic development. In the long term, a global energy mix would be needed to accelerate change driven by new resources, new technologies and climate commitments. These changes in the use and availability of energy resources would also affect the use of fossil fuels. Regardless of this, in addition to the LNG supply, the EU must also take care of increasing its own storage capacities to be able to guarantee a cost-efficient response to a natural gas supply bottleneck. However, LNG alone is not enough to ensure the resilience of the system in the event of a supply failure. Alternative energy resources and energy saving remain essential.
2023-12-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/119405/1/MPRA_paper_119405.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (2023): Prospects for LNG and Hydrogen Export from Sub-Saharan Africa to the EU.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:119420
2023-12-11T16:09:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453232
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453233
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463138
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463233
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463335
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463534
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3935
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3537
7375626A656374733D4E:4E37:4E3737
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513335
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/119420/
Perspectives d'exportation de GNL et d'hydrogène de l'Afrique subsaharienne vers l'UE
Kohnert, Dirk
E22 - Investment ; Capital ; Intangible Capital ; Capacity
E23 - Production
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
F18 - Trade and Environment
F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business
F35 - Foreign Aid
F54 - Colonialism ; Imperialism ; Postcolonialism
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L95 - Gas Utilities ; Pipelines ; Water Utilities
N57 - Africa ; Oceania
N77 - Africa ; Oceania
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q35 - Hydrocarbon Resources
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Since Russia's war in Ukraine, many European countries have been scrambling to find alternative energy sources. One of the answers was to increase imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG). By bypassing the use of pipelines from the East by building LNG terminals, the EU opened up a wider variety of potential suppliers. The Europe-Africa Energy and Climate Partnership provides a framework for a win-win alliance. African countries will be key players in the future, including sub-Saharan countries such as Nigeria, Senegal, Mozambique and Angola. According to the REPowerEU plan, hydrogen partnerships in Africa will enable the import of 10 million tons of hydrogen by 2030, replacing about 18 billion cubic meters of imported Russian gas. Algeria, Niger and Nigeria recently agreed to build a 4,128-kilometer trans-Saharan gas pipeline that would run through the three countries to Europe. Once completed, the pipeline will transport 30 billion cubic meters of gas per year. The African Coalition for Trade and Investment (ACTING) estimates potential sub-Saharan LNG export capacity at 134 million tonnes of LNG (approximately 175 billion m3) by 2030. Sub-Saharan Africa is also expected to become the main producer of green hydrogen by 2050. However, this market remains to be developed and requires significant expansion of renewable production and water availability. However, the EU countries and companies involved would be well advised to take note of the adoption of much stricter EU greenhouse gas reduction targets for 2030 and the publication of the European Commission's methane strategy. That being said, the EU could risk having more than half of Europe's LNG infrastructure idle by 2030, as European LNG capacity in 2030 exceeds total forecast gas demand, including LNG and pipeline gas. Regardless, it should not be forgotten that African countries want and need to develop their domestic gas markets as a priority, and that export potential depends on this domestic development. In the long term, a global energy mix would be needed to accelerate change driven by new resources, new technologies and climate commitments. These changes in the use and availability of energy resources would also affect the use of fossil fuels. Regardless of this, in addition to the LNG supply, the EU must also take care of increasing its own storage capacities to be able to guarantee a cost-efficient response to a natural gas supply bottleneck. However, LNG alone is not enough to ensure the resilience of the system in the event of a supply failure. Alternative energy resources and energy saving remain essential.
2023-12-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/119420/1/MPRA_paper_119420.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (2023): Perspectives d'exportation de GNL et d'hydrogène de l'Afrique subsaharienne vers l'UE.
fr