2024-03-29T14:45:49Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:115
2019-09-27T07:07:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4531:453130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/115/
Developower: The Potential Motivity in Economic Process
Feng, Dai
E10 - General
O40 - General
Stating from the intrinsic characteristics of macroeconomic process, this paper puts forward the concept of developwer and its theoretical frame. The developwer is the potential and invisible motivities to push economy to progress. By means of the developower theory, we can explain some important problems in macro-economy. We discuss the basic properties of developower and obtain some interesting inferences. The evaluating approaches are given for one or more developowers, and then we can measure them in analytic way and analyze the correlated effects among them. Finally, we illustrate that the developower movements exist widely in the social and economic development.
2006-10-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/115/1/MPRA_paper_115.pdf
Feng, Dai (2006): Developower: The Potential Motivity in Economic Process.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:197
2019-09-29T04:04:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/197/
Unorganised Manufacturing Industry in the Era of Globalization: A Study of Punjab
Singh, Lakhwinder
Jain, Varinder
L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
O40 - General
The recent developments in the theory of industrial organisation have underlined the importance of small scale industry. Small industry can be equally competitive in the fast changing global economy provided it exploits economies of scale and scope while locating itself in clusters along with making technological progress endogenous. This study situates Punjab’s small scale industry in the context of recent developments both in theory and practice This study by utilising the NSSO data for the period 1994-95 to 2000-01 points out that Punjab’s unorganised industry has emerged distinctly among its counterparts in other major Indian states by recording sufficiently high growth in employment, relatively high usage of capital and labour productivity etc. It along with exploring the structure of Punjab’s unorganised industry has also identified major problems faced by it. Policy issues have been raised to draw the attention of the policy makers towards small industry so that it can become competitive in the fast globalising industrial economy.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/197/1/MPRA_paper_197.pdf
Singh, Lakhwinder and Jain, Varinder (2006): Unorganised Manufacturing Industry in the Era of Globalization: A Study of Punjab.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:519
2019-09-26T19:20:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463433
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/519/
Income convergence? Evidence of non-linearity in the East Asian Economies: A comment
Liew, Venus Khim-Sen
Ahmad, Yusuf
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
O40 - General
This study demonstrates the usefulness of Kapetanois et al. (2003) test in differentiating the two stages of income convergence—long run convergence and catching up. A re-examination of the “Four Asian Dragons” economies, in which their income differentials with respect to Japan have been identified as non-linear stationary in Liew and Lim (2005), reveals that the economy of Hong Kong, Korea and Singapore are catching up, while Taiwan has yet to catch up, with the Japan economy.
2006-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/519/1/MPRA_paper_519.pdf
Liew, Venus Khim-Sen and Ahmad, Yusuf (2006): Income convergence? Evidence of non-linearity in the East Asian Economies: A comment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:715
2019-10-02T04:40:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473230
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3136
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/715/
Finance and growth in a small open emerging market
Law, Siong Hook
Azman-Saini, W.N.W.
Smith, Peter
O40 - General
G20 - General
O16 - Financial Markets ; Saving and Capital Investment ; Corporate Finance and Governance
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
G10 - General
This study contributes to the debate on financial development and economic growth in Malaysia using quarterly observations for a sample period from 1980 to 2002. It utilises a battery of financial indicators. Based on multivariate framework which takes real interest rate and capital stock into account, the findings are suggestive that finance does play a crucial role in promoting economic growth. Policymakers should, therefore, focus their attention on the creation and promotion of modern financial institutions including banks, non-banks, and stock markets in delivering both short- and long-run economic benefits.
2006-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/715/1/MPRA_paper_715.pdf
Law, Siong Hook and Azman-Saini, W.N.W. and Smith, Peter (2006): Finance and growth in a small open emerging market.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1260
2019-09-27T10:04:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D42:4230
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D44:4432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1260/
Economic Growth with Energy
Alam, M. Shahid
Q40 - General
B0 - General
O40 - General
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
Q01 - Sustainable Development
D2 - Production and Organizations
This paper works out some of the basic properties of an economy with energy as a factor of production. The economy now consists of streams of energy conversions that direct energy to the production of goods and services. The focus on energy generates a variety of insights. It yields a new taxonomy of economies and economic activities; allows a better grasp of the tasks performed by labor and capital; raises the prospect of examining growth as the speeding up of machines; and identifies greater use of energy as an important source of growth. In addition, we use these results to explain the near stagnation in living standards in agrarian economies in the millennia before 1800, and the dramatic acceleration in growth since that date.
2006-12-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1260/1/MPRA_paper_1260.pdf
Alam, M. Shahid (2006): Economic Growth with Energy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1289
2019-09-27T12:32:08Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3137
7375626A656374733D4E:4E30
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463534
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3134
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3136
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3135
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3133
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1289/
Global Disparities Since 1800:Trends and Regional Patterns
Alam, M. Shahid
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
N17 - Africa ; Oceania
N0 - General
F54 - Colonialism ; Imperialism ; Postcolonialism
O40 - General
N14 - Europe: 1913-
N16 - Latin America ; Caribbean
N15 - Asia including Middle East
N13 - Europe: Pre-1913
N10 - General, International, or Comparative
This paper reviews the growing body of evidence on the relative economic standing of different regions of the world in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In general, it does not find support for Eurocentric claims regarding Western Europe’s early economic lead. The Eurocentric claims are based primarily on estimates of a per capita income, which are plagued by conceptual problems, make demands on historical data that are generally unavailable, and they use questionable assumptions to reconstruct early per capita income. A careful examination of these conjectural estimates of per capita income, however, does not support claims that Western Europe had a substantial lead over the rest of the world at the beginning of the nineteenth century. An examination of several alternative indices of living standards in the late eighteenth or early nineteenth centuries – such as real wages, labor productivity in agriculture, and urbanization – also fails to confirm claims of European superiority. In addition, this paper examines the progress of global disparities – including the presence of regional patterns – using estimates of per capita income.
2006-12-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1289/1/MPRA_paper_1289.pdf
Alam, M. Shahid (2006): Global Disparities Since 1800:Trends and Regional Patterns. Published in: Journal of World-Systems Research , Vol. 12, No. 1 (July 2006): pp. 36-59.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1461
2019-09-27T12:56:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1461/
Lecture Notes on The Optimal Growth Problem
Keister, Todd
O40 - General
These notes provide an introduction to the study of optimal growth in the one-sector neoclassical growth model in continuous time. The model is developed using the analogy of Robinson Crusoe living on a deserted island. Both the Hamiltonian method and the phase diagram are presented and explained on an intuitive level. Some familiarity with optimization theory and differential equations, as well as a thorough understanding of intermediatelevel microeconomics, is assumed.
2005-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1461/1/MPRA_paper_1461.pdf
Keister, Todd (2005): Lecture Notes on The Optimal Growth Problem.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1646
2019-09-26T19:53:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1646/
Black Populations and Economic Growth: An Extreme Bounds Analysis of Mississippi County-Level Data
Young, Andrew
Higgins, Matthew
Levy, Daniel
O40 - General
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
We use Mississippi county-level data on (per capita) income and the percentages of populations that are Black (henceforth "Black") to examine the relationship between race and economic growth. The analysis is also conditioned on 40 other economic and socio-demographic variables. Given a negative and statistically significant partial correlation between income growth and Black, we ask if it is robust to exhaustive combinations of other conditioning variables (taken 3 at a time). The evidence suggests yes. Since even robust correlation does not imply causation, we then ask if other robust correlates with income growth play a roll in accounting for Black in the data. The answer “yes” is obtained for only one other robust correlate of the "right" sign: the percentage of a population that is below the poverty level.
2007-01-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1646/1/MPRA_paper_1646.pdf
Young, Andrew and Higgins, Matthew and Levy, Daniel (2007): Black Populations and Economic Growth: An Extreme Bounds Analysis of Mississippi County-Level Data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1672
2019-09-27T09:20:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3833
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3534
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463433
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1672/
The Economic Impact on the Dominican Republic of Baseball Player Exports to the USA
Amavilah, Voxi Heinrich
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
O40 - General
L83 - Sports ; Gambling ; Restaurants ; Recreation ; Tourism
O54 - Latin America ; Caribbean
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
This paper pulls together into one practical model two strands of economic theory to assess the impact of baseball
player exports on the aggregate economic performance of the Dominican Republic. On one hand, foreign trade theory
predicts a strong correlation between a country’s exports and economic performance measured as per capita income.
On the other hand, microeconomic research finds a positive, but statistically insignificant, impact of sports activities
on local economies. Analysis finds a strong correlation between baseball player exports and economic performance for
the years 1962-2004, suggesting that both the USA and the Dominican Republic benefit from encouraging baseball
player trade and repatriation of baseball export earnings.
2006-10-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1672/1/MPRA_paper_1672.pdf
Amavilah, Voxi Heinrich (2006): The Economic Impact on the Dominican Republic of Baseball Player Exports to the USA.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2031
2019-09-27T09:40:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2031/
Regional convergence and the causal impact of migration on regional growth rates
Kirdar, Murat
Saracoglu, Sirin
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
O40 - General
The standard growth theory predicts that allowing for labor mobility across regions would increase the speed of convergence in per capita income levels and that migration has a negative causal impact on regional growth rates. Although the empirical literature has uncovered some evidence for the former implication, the latter has not been verified empirically. This paper provides empirical evidence for the negative causal impact of migration on provincial growth rates in a developing country with a high level of internal migration that is characterized by unskilled labor exiting rural areas for urban centers. We utilize instrumental variables estimation method with an instrument unique to the country examined and also control for provincial fixed effects.
2007-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2031/1/MPRA_paper_2031.pdf
Kirdar, Murat and Saracoglu, Sirin (2007): Regional convergence and the causal impact of migration on regional growth rates.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2186
2019-09-26T11:06:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3536
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493239
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2186/
An extension to the neoclassical growth modelto Estimate Growth and Level Effects
Rao, B. Bhaskara
Singh, Rup
Nisha, Fozia
O56 - Oceania
O40 - General
O1 - Economic Development
I29 - Other
O30 - General
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
I20 - General
The neoclassical growth model was extended by Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992)
to estimate the level effects of additional factors like human capital.
We suggest a further extension to capture their permanent growth effects.
Time series data from Fiji are used to show that
the growth effect of human capital, although small, is significant. Furthermore,
in our sample the specifications with a permanent growth effect performed better than
specifications with only level effects.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2186/1/MPRA_paper_2186.pdf
Rao, B. Bhaskara and Singh, Rup and Nisha, Fozia (2006): An extension to the neoclassical growth modelto Estimate Growth and Level Effects.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2389
2019-09-26T08:34:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3239
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3339
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3338
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2389/
Estimates of the steady state growth rates for selected Asian countries with an endogenous growth framework
Rao, B. Bhaskara
O53 - Asia including Middle East
O40 - General
O29 - Other
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
O30 - General
O39 - Other
O38 - Government Policy
O10 - General
This paper develops an endogenous growth ramework with externalities due to learning by doing and trade openness to show that these externalities are significant for 6 Asian countries. The estimated parameters of the augmented production functions are used to compute the steady state growth rates for Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Hong Kong, Korea and the Philippines. A few broad policies to improve these steady state growth rate are suggested.
2007-03-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2389/1/MPRA_paper_2389.pdf
Rao, B. Bhaskara (2007): Estimates of the steady state growth rates for selected Asian countries with an endogenous growth framework.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2648
2019-09-27T01:53:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2648/
Migration and Regional Convergence: An Empirical Investigation for Turkey
Kirdar, Murat
Saracoglu, Sirin
O40 - General
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
The standard growth model predicts that allowing for labor mobility across regions would increase the speed of convergence in per capita income levels and that migration has a negative causal impact on regional growth rates. Although the empirical literature has uncovered some evidence for the former implication, the latter has not been verified empirically. This paper provides empirical evidence for the negative causal impact of migration on provincial growth rates in a developing country with a high level of internal migration that is characterized by unskilled labor exiting rural areas for urban centers. We utilize an instrumental variables estimation method with an instrument unique to the country examined, and we also control for provincial fixed effects.
2007-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2648/1/MPRA_paper_2648.pdf
Kirdar, Murat and Saracoglu, Sirin (2007): Migration and Regional Convergence: An Empirical Investigation for Turkey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2714
2019-09-28T04:56:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483730
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2714/
Sigma Convergence versus Beta Convergence: Evidence from U.S. County-Level Data
Young, Andrew
Higgins, Matthew
Levy, Daniel
O40 - General
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
H70 - General
In this paper we outline (i) why sigma-convergence may not accompany beta-convergence, (ii) discuss evidence of beta-convergence in the U.S., and (iii) use U.S. county-level data containing over 3,000 cross-sectional observations to demonstrate that sigma-convergence cannot be detected at the county-level across the U.S., or within the large majority of the individual U.S. states considered separately. Indeed, in many cases statistically significant sigma-divergence is found.
2007-04-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2714/1/MPRA_paper_2714.pdf
Young, Andrew and Higgins, Matthew and Levy, Daniel (2007): Sigma Convergence versus Beta Convergence: Evidence from U.S. County-Level Data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2776
2019-09-30T07:03:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2776/
Social rewards in science and economic growth
Carillo, Maria Rosaria
Papagni, Erasmo
O40 - General
O30 - General
In this paper we put forward a model of basic research and long-run economic growth in which the incentives of social reward to scientific work may produce increasing returns and multiple equilibria. The state organizes production of new knowledge - a public good that improves firms' technology - with taxes on the private sector. Scientists compete with one another to attain priority over a discovery and be awarded both a real prize and prestige in the scientific community. Also, scientists\ derive job motivation from dedication to science which provides social status. Analysis of the model shows, on the one hand, a low equilibrium where the economy is endowed with a small science sector, researchers have high relative income but low prestige, and competition for discoveries is weak. On the other hand, there is a high equilibrium where the economy has a large science sector, scientists obtain for new findings high prestige but lower relative salaries and, as the effect of creative destruction is strong, there is fierce competition among researchers. Comparative statics shows that if the scientific infrastructure is poor, policies that increase the marginal benefits from a discovery have perverse effects, while policies aimed at improving the selection mechanism of researchers work well. \ The same policies have opposite effects at the high steady state.
2007-03-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2776/1/MPRA_paper_2776.pdf
Carillo, Maria Rosaria and Papagni, Erasmo (2007): Social rewards in science and economic growth.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2853
2019-10-09T23:58:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2853/
Intra- and Inter-Sectoral Knowledge Spillovers and TFP Growth Rates
Quella, Núria
O30 - General
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
O40 - General
In this paper I estimate unobserved labor-generated knowledge spillovers within and between six large macroeconomic sectors covering the US civilian economy from 1948 to 1991 and relate them to observed productivity changes. I construct a series of sectoral knowledge spillover matrices that show the changes in the magnitude and direction of intraand inter-sectoral spillovers for each sector. I show that the productivity slowdown in the US economy of the early seventies is associated with a decline of intra-sectoral spillovers and the emergence of inter-sectoral spillovers. This change coincides with trade taking over manufacturing as the main source and destination of new knowledge flows. The analysis of technology flows, measured as the production and use of patents, corroborates this finding. Furthermore, I also compute the gap between the market, which ignores knowledge spillovers, and the optimal allocation of labor across sectors, and the wedge between market and optimal wage rates by sector. I show that optimal employment in manufactures is 32% higher than the market allocation, and that optimal wages in the overall economy are 31% above market wages.
2007-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2853/1/MPRA_paper_2853.pdf
Quella, Núria (2007): Intra- and Inter-Sectoral Knowledge Spillovers and TFP Growth Rates.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3088
2019-10-10T11:18:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483530
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483730
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3088/
Robust Correlates of County-Level Growth in the U.S.
Higgins, Matthew
Young, Andrew
Levy, Daniel
O40 - General
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
H50 - General
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
H70 - General
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
Higgins et al. (2006) report several statistically significant partial correlates with U.S. per capita income growth. However, Levine and Renelt (1992) demonstrate that such correlations are hardly ever robust to changing the combination of conditioning variables included. We ask whether the same is true for the variables identified as important by Higgins et al. Using the extreme bounds analysis of Levine and Renelt, we find that the majority of the partial correlations can be accepted as robust. The variables associated with those partial correlations stand solidly as variables of interest for future studies of U.S. growth.
2007-05-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3088/1/MPRA_paper_3088.pdf
Higgins, Matthew and Young, Andrew and Levy, Daniel (2007): Robust Correlates of County-Level Growth in the U.S.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3373
2019-09-27T14:28:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3339
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3239
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3338
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3373/
Estimates of the steady state growth rates for selected Asian countries with an endogenous growth framework
Rao, B. Bhaskara
O39 - Other
O53 - Asia including Middle East
O29 - Other
O38 - Government Policy
O30 - General
O40 - General
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
O10 - General
This paper develops an endogenous growth ramework with externalities due to learning by doing and trade openness to show that these externalities are significant for 6 Asian countries. The estimated parameters of the augmented production functions are used to compute the steady state growth rates for Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Hong Kong, Korea and the Philippines. A few broad policies to improve these steady state growth rate are suggested.
2007-03-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3373/1/MPRA_paper_3373.pdf
Rao, B. Bhaskara (2007): Estimates of the steady state growth rates for selected Asian countries with an endogenous growth framework.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3667
2019-10-07T02:29:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4E:4E32:4E3236
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3667/
Human Capital, Innovation, and Productivity Growth: Tales from Latin America and Caribbean
Yoruk, Baris
O40 - General
N26 - Latin America ; Caribbean
P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
Why have Latin American and Caribbean countries (LAC countries) not replicated Western
economic success? We investigate the reasons behind the economic stagnation of LAC countries for the past four decades. We utilize a nonparametric Malmquist productivity index for relevant cross-country and over time productivity growth, technological change, and technical efficiency change comparisons. We document that productivity growth differences between LAC countries and Western countries can only partially be attributed to human capital differences. We argue that along with inefficient production, differences in civil, political, and economic policies and institutions are promising factors in explaining the long-run economic performance of LAC countries.
2007-05-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3667/1/MPRA_paper_3667.pdf
Yoruk, Baris (2007): Human Capital, Innovation, and Productivity Growth: Tales from Latin America and Caribbean.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3799
2019-10-22T17:17:16Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3832
2019-09-26T17:46:19Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3832/
Heterogeneidad estructural, asimetrías tecnológicas y crecimiento en América Latina
Mario, Cimoli
O40 - General
The book structural Heterogeneity, technological asymmetries and growth in Latin America permitted the publication of five guided studies to describe and examining principal mechanisms that explain the patterns of structural change at the region, origins of structural heterogeneity and the relation that exists among the same ones and the economic growth.
The first study analyzes the changes in the structure of job and also evidences that the problems of heterogeneity tend to get worse in the region and moreover, they derive of weakness of the weight of the technologically-more-dynamic sectors in the productive structure and in the vector exporter.
In second study is presented as referential framework a North-South ricardian model of international commerce, enriched for the contributions of ECLAC and schumpeterian literature. Here, it is analyzed in detail the sources of increase of labor productivity in the industry of the region during the last 30 years and it is demonstrated than even though there are important differences among countries, productivity gains are explained principally by the ones that occur at the same level in each sector, and no for the relocation of the labor force from sectors of low productivity toward the ones with higher productivity. For that reason, heterogeneity does not tend to disappear in the long term.
The third study measures the productive heterogeneity in Brazil starting from the dispersion of levels of productivity, among sectors and within each sector. A descriptive analysis at sectorial level is performed, and it is proposed a typology whereon sectors are classified as: leaders, stagnant, rasing or falling-behind; according to their respective performances in terms of the level and of rate of variation of productivity of work. With the help of a conventional technique called "shift and share", it is examined the contributions of the direct, composition and adaptation effects, to the variation of productivity.
The fourth study retakes and develops the concept of heterogeneity for the Mexican case. Productive activities are defined according to two distinct sectorial patterns. The first is the global productive activities, which are associated to the specific tariff regimes of the maquila sector (IME ) and to the program of temporary importations to produce goods destined to the exporting (PITEX ).
The fifth study analyzes how the interaction among the dynamic macro, the patterns of commerce and the structural transformation explain the process of development in Costa Rica. It is focused on the effects of foreign direct investments ( IED ), evaluating the capability to activate the national learning systems and innovation.
2005-11-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3832/1/MPRA_paper_3832.pdf
Mario, Cimoli (2005): Heterogeneidad estructural, asimetrías tecnológicas y crecimiento en América Latina. Published in: ECLAC's Publications No. LC/W.35 (November 2005): pp. 1-162.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4885
2019-09-27T14:54:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D45:4531:453130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4885/
Capital Flight and Economic Performance
Beja, Edsel Jr.
O53 - Asia including Middle East
E10 - General
O40 - General
Capital flight aggravates resource constraints and contributes to undermine long-term economic growth. Counterfactual calculations on the Philippines suggest that capital flight contributed to lower the quality of long-term economic growth. Sustained capital flight over three decades means that capital flight had a role for the Philippines to lose the opportunities to achieve economic takeoff. Unless decisive policy actions are taken up to address enduring capital flight and manage the macroeconomy more effectively, the Philippines remains caught in the perpetuity of crises, its economy hollowed-out, the people trapped in poverty, and once again, the country is frustrated from realizing a takeoff.
2007-02-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4885/1/MPRA_paper_4885.pdf
Beja, Edsel Jr. (2007): Capital Flight and Economic Performance.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5043
2019-09-27T23:46:56Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5043/
Temporal and spatial homogeneity in air pollutants panel EKC estimations: Two nonparametric tests applied to Spanish provinces
Ordás Criado, Carlos
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
O40 - General
Although panel data have been used intensively by a wealth of studies investigating
the GDP-pollution relationship, the poolability assumption used to model these
data is almost never addressed. This paper applies a strategy to test the poolability
assumption with methods robust to functional misspecification. Nonparametric
poolability tests are performed to check the temporal and spatial homogeneity of
the panel and their results are compared with the conventional F-tests for a balanced
panel of 48 Spanish provinces on four air pollutant emissions (CH4, CO,
CO2 and NMVOC) over the 1990-2002 period. We show that temporal homogeneity
may allow the pooling of the data and drive to well-defined nonparametric and
parametric cross-sectional U-inverted shapes for all air pollutants. However, the
presence of spatial heterogeneity makes this shape compatible with different timeseries
patterns in every province - mainly increasing or decreasing depending on the
pollutant. These results highlight the extreme sensitivity of the income-pollution
relationship to region- or country-specific factors.
2007-08-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5043/1/MPRA_paper_5043.pdf
Ordás Criado, Carlos (2007): Temporal and spatial homogeneity in air pollutants panel EKC estimations: Two nonparametric tests applied to Spanish provinces. Forthcoming in: Environmental and Resource Economics
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5389
2019-10-01T21:38:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5389/
An endogenous growth model with quality ladders and consumers’ heterogeneity
Marasco, Antonio
O40 - General
O30 - General
D40 - General
This paper develops an endogenous growth model with quality ladders where consumers
heterogeneity is assumed and is modelled through non homothetic preferences. We show that in such a model, unlike mainstream quality ladders models, the steady state equilibrium is
characterised by a duopoly were the state of the art technology and the one immediately below it are both able to survive and thrive, under given conditions for the income distribution. In the words of Schumpeter, this model delivers only partial creative destruction. Furthermore, we show that under duopoly, an increase in the degree of income inequality, raises the intensity of research activities and the growth rate of the economy.
2002-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5389/1/MPRA_paper_5389.pdf
Marasco, Antonio (2002): An endogenous growth model with quality ladders and consumers’ heterogeneity.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5467
2019-10-02T10:15:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5467/
Labor Hours in the U.S. and Europe - the Role of Different Preferences Towards Leisure
Maoz, Yishay
O40 - General
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
Since 1950, the quantity of working hours has been decreasing over time both in the U.S. and in the main European economies. The European economies have started this mutual decline process with longer working hours than in the U.S., but have ended it with less working hours than the U.S. This article presents a model in which this dynamic pattern for the joint dynamics of their working hours is shared by two economies that differ only in the weight that their individuals put on leisure in their utility function and are identical in every other respect.
2007-10-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5467/2/MPRA_paper_5467.pdf
Maoz, Yishay (2007): Labor Hours in the U.S. and Europe - the Role of Different Preferences Towards Leisure.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5486
2019-09-30T16:30:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5486/
The Effects of Volatility on Growth and Financial Development through Capital Market Imperfections
Aysan, Ahmet Faruk
E22 - Investment ; Capital ; Intangible Capital ; Capacity
O40 - General
G20 - General
This paper provides a model to account for the empirical evidence that volatility reduces growth. In the model, greater volatility increases the cost associated with capital market imperfections and induces the financial intermediaries to charge higher interest rates. The model is based on one of overlapping generations with two types of technologies. The more productive technology requires fixed investment in the first period. Individual with income less than the amount of fixed investment may borrow in financial markets to obtain more productive technology. Increase in volatility raises the cost of borrowing and makes it less attractive to invest in more productive technology for individuals below certain income in the first period. Hence, volatility reduces growth by deterring people from taking advantage of more productive technology. This model also explains the empirical findings of Ramey and Ramey (1995) that investment is not the channel between volatility and growth by suggesting that totals factor productivity rather than the total factor accumulation is the key for growth.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5486/1/MPRA_paper_5486.pdf
Aysan, Ahmet Faruk (2006): The Effects of Volatility on Growth and Financial Development through Capital Market Imperfections.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5554
2013-02-11T14:27:00Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5651
2017-12-21T09:10:25Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5718
2019-10-03T12:52:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513332
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513331
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5718/
Non-renewable resources and growth, the case of the oil: a simple endogenous model
Fabbri, Giorgio
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
Q31 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
O40 - General
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
We present a growth model in which a non-renewable resource enters in the production function. The non-renewable resource is supposed to be sold by an external monopolistic that maximizes his intertemporal discounted cash flow. This approach allows to endogenize the price of the resource. We use the historical data of the oil price and of the oil production to calibrate the model. The forecasts of the model about the evolution of the GDP growth rate, the price and amount of the production of the oil are described.
The formulation of the model is quite easy but it hallows to obtain a good fit with the recent data and especially with the behavior of the three main quantities considered (oil price, oil supply and GDP growth rate) in the last years. Indeed the recent data suggest a new scenario and probably a progressive reduction of the world oil supply (and an indefinite growth of the prices). The model suggests that such a behavior is not due to the imminent physical end of the oil but has a clear economic explanation.
2007-11-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5718/1/MPRA_paper_5718.pdf
Fabbri, Giorgio (2007): Non-renewable resources and growth, the case of the oil: a simple endogenous model.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5895
2019-09-26T22:17:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473132
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433638
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5895/
The Boom-Bust Cycle in Japanese Asset Prices
Alpanda, Sami
E62 - Fiscal Policy
G12 - Asset Pricing ; Trading Volume ; Bond Interest Rates
C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
O40 - General
The Japanese economy experienced a substantial increase and a subsequent crash in land and stock prices in the 1980s and 90s. I use a neoclassical growth model to determine how much of these asset price movements can be accounted for by the observed changes in fundamentals of the Japanese economy; in particular changes in productivity growth and government policy regarding land taxation. In the model, corporations issue land-collateralized debt to reduce their tax liabilities and the government follows a land-taxation policy that is countercyclical to land prices. These features substantially magnify the effect of small shocks by reducing the required return on land. With the model calibrated to Japanese data, I find that the observed changes in fundamentals cannot simultaneously account for the movements in asset prices and macroeconomic variables. In particular, with persistent changes in fundamentals, the observed asset prices can be justified, but at the cost of counter-predicting macroeconomic variables.
2007-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5895/1/MPRA_paper_5895.pdf
Alpanda, Sami (2007): The Boom-Bust Cycle in Japanese Asset Prices.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6166
2019-09-27T16:28:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483737
7375626A656374733D52:5231
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433832
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3537
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6166/
Globalisation and cointegration among the states and convergence across the continents: a panel data analysis
De, Utpal Kumar
H77 - Intergovernmental Relations ; Federalism ; Secession
R1 - General Regional Economics
C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data ; Data Access
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
O40 - General
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
This paper tried to examine the level of cointegration among various nations across the continents in regard to the globalisation. Also here attempt is made to analyse the nature of inter and intra continental variation in globalisation over time. The proximity and convergence over time in terms of the growth of globalisation is also examined by using a panel data set over a period of 1970 to 2007. The outcome reveals the presence of co-integration among the selected nations despite the fact that the European nations are more co-integrated than the other continents. It is followed by the countries in Africa and Asia. The proximity matrices of overall globalisation and political globalisation provided some important indications that geographical proximity, economic necessities, cultural and political understanding play crucial role in determining the clusters of countries in terms of globalisation or choice of the countries to open with other nations for trade, cultural exchange etc.
2011-05-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6166/1/MPRA_paper_6166.pdf
De, Utpal Kumar (2011): Globalisation and cointegration among the states and convergence across the continents: a panel data analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6473
2019-09-29T15:04:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6473/
Is Economic Growth Sustainable? Environmental Quality of Indian States Post 1991
Mukherjee, Sacchidananda
Kathuria, Vinish
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Q40 - General
Q01 - Sustainable Development
O40 - General
Q20 - General
This study is an attempt to investigate the relationship between environmental quality and per capita NSDP (i.e., Environment Kuznets Curve, EKC) of 14 major Indian States in the light of their very high economic growth in the post-liberalisation period. The analysis involves first ranking the States on the basis of their environmental quality, and then checking the relationship. The analysis captures both temporal and spatial aspects of environmental quality by ranking the States in two time periods – (i) early 1990s (1990 - 1996) and (ii) late 1990s (1997 - 2001). The results indicate that the relationship between environmental quality and per capita NSDP is slanting S-shaped. Except Bihar all other States are on the upward sloping curve of the EKC. The results suggest that the economic growth is mostly at the cost of environmental quality.
2006-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6473/1/MPRA_paper_6473.pdf
Mukherjee, Sacchidananda and Kathuria, Vinish (2006): Is Economic Growth Sustainable? Environmental Quality of Indian States Post 1991.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7069
2019-09-27T10:39:09Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453233
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7069/
A New Class of Production Functions and an Argument Against Purely Labor-Augmenting Technical Change
Growiec, Jakub
O30 - General
E23 - Production
O40 - General
This paper follows Jones (2005) in his approach to deriving the global production function from microfoundations. His framework is generalized by allowing for dependence between the Pareto distributions of labor- and capital-augmenting developments. Using the Clayton copula family to capture this dependence, we derive a “Clayton-Pareto” class of production functions that nests both the Cobb-Douglas and the CES. Embedding the resultant production function in a neoclassical growth framework, we draw conclusions for the long-run direction of technical change. Jones’ result of Cobb-Douglas global production functions and purely labor-augmenting technical change hinges on the assumption of independence of marginal Pareto distributions. In our more general case, the shape of local production functions matters for the shape of the global production function, and technical change augments both factors in the long run. Furthermore, the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor may exceed unity and thus yield endogenous growth.
2006-06-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7069/1/MPRA_paper_7069.pdf
Growiec, Jakub (2006): A New Class of Production Functions and an Argument Against Purely Labor-Augmenting Technical Change. Forthcoming in: International Journal of Economic Theory
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7070
2019-10-01T16:46:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7070/
Human Capital, Aggregation, and Growth
Growiec, Jakub
I20 - General
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
O40 - General
The famous Mincer equation regressing log earnings on years of schooling is derived from a linear human capital accumulation equation at the individual level. Even if the cross-sectional Mincer equation holds at the level of individuals, it does not hold at the macro level of countries because aggregation of human capital has to take into account its vintage structure: human capital is embodied in people of different generations whose lifespan is finite. Finiteness of people’s lives imposes also a limit on the potential of human capital accumulation to drive aggregate economic growth. Aggregate human capital accumulation may however become an engine of growth thanks to human capital externalities (knowledge spillovers). We use these findings to revisit the assumptions of the well-known Uzawa–Lucas growth model from an aggregation perspective.
2007-07-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7070/1/MPRA_paper_7070.pdf
Growiec, Jakub (2007): Human Capital, Aggregation, and Growth.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7281
2019-10-27T06:03:29Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7306
2019-09-28T01:40:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463032
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7306/
Mondialisation, convergence et croissance économique : Une analyse par les données de panel
Allaoui, Zohra
Chkir, Ali
O40 - General
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
C33 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
In this paper, we try to study globalisation between theories and facts by stressing the perverse effects of social, economic and political aspects. In other words we study the relation between globalisation and economic growth. Our empirical study is based on a dynamic panel model for an heterogeneous sample of 12 countries (8 OECD countries and 4 Mediterranean countries) over 1980-2000. By using β absolute convergence tests, β conditional convergence tests and σ convergence tests, results suggest that the developing countries did not converge in term of GDP towards developed countries.
2006-02-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7306/1/MPRA_paper_7306.pdf
Allaoui, Zohra and Chkir, Ali (2006): Mondialisation, convergence et croissance économique : Une analyse par les données de panel.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7392
2017-12-22T04:07:07Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7398
2019-10-03T05:09:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7398/
Uncertainty, learning and growth
Galindev, Ragchaasuren
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
O40 - General
The paper extends Blackburn and Galindev (2003)' s stochastic growth model in which productivity growth entails both external and internal learning behaviour with a Constant Relative Risk Aversion utility function and productivity shocks. Consequently, the relationship between long-term growth and short-term volatility depends not only on the relative importance of each learning mechanism but also on a parameter measuring individuals' attitude towards risk.
2007-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7398/1/MPRA_paper_7398.pdf
Galindev, Ragchaasuren (2007): Uncertainty, learning and growth.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7590
2019-09-28T15:55:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503237
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7590/
Role of Education in Economic Growth in the Russian Federation and Ukraine
Osipian, Ararat
P27 - Performance and Prospects
O40 - General
This study analyses the role and impact of education on economic growth in the two largest economies of the former Soviet Bloc, namely, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. It attempts to estimate the significance of different educational levels, including secondary and tertiary education, for initiating substantial economic growth that now takes place in these two countries. This study estimates the model of endogenous economic growth and the system of linear and log-linear equations that account for different time lags in the possible impact of higher education on economic growth. The model estimation shows that there is no significant impact of educational attainment on economic growth. The results from the system of equations indicate that an increase in access of population to higher education brings positive results for the per capita GDP growth in the long term. Increasing the number of college-educated specialists leads to sustainable economic growth. The suggestion can be made that the ground for the 2000-2007 rapid economic growth in Ukraine and in the Russian Federation was laid down in early 1990s. This contradicts commonly accepted perception about the crisis decade of 1990s in the former Soviet Bloc.
2007-01-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7590/1/MPRA_paper_7590.pdf
Osipian, Ararat (2007): Role of Education in Economic Growth in the Russian Federation and Ukraine.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8248
2019-09-26T13:08:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4439:443931
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453231
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8248/
Finite Horizon, Externalities, and Growth
Wendner, Ronald
D91 - Intertemporal Household Choice ; Life Cycle Models and Saving
E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth
O40 - General
This paper investigates the impact of externalities
on economic growth in an AK model. In contrast to the existing literature, the
paper considers finitely-lived agents along the continuous time, overlapping
generations literature. A series of new
results, not holding for infinitely-lived agent economies, emerge. Consumption externalities generally introduce a distortion (inefficiency), even when labor supply is exogenous and there is no concurrent production externality. A negative consumption externality implies overconsumption, and growth is lower than optimal. Transition paths are considered. The model employed encompasses the infinitely-lived agent economy as a special case, thus helps understanding the differences in results between finite-horizon overlapping-generations and
infinitely-lived agents economies.
2008-01-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8248/1/MPRA_paper_8248.pdf
Wendner, Ronald (2008): Finite Horizon, Externalities, and Growth.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8373
2019-10-02T17:00:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8373/
Remittances, Migration and Informality in Mexico. A Simple Model
Brambila Macias, Jose
F22 - International Migration
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
O40 - General
F24 - Remittances
In this paper, we analyse the possible channels through which informality, remittances and migration could interact and consequently affect growth in Mexico. In order to do so, we develop a simple endogenous growth model that allows for remittances and the coexistence of the formal and informal sector in the production function. In the literature, there is no agreement regarding the effects of the informal sector on economic growth. Moreover, thanks to globalization, migration and remittances have increased significantly their macroeconomic weight, renewing interest in studying the interactions that these variables might have, especially in developing countries like Mexico, where remittances are the third source of income after oil and tourism revenues. Our model shows that remittances play a crucial role on enhancing the Mexican resource constraint, while the possibility of migration in the informal sector drains the aggregate labor force. However, the magnitude of potential remittances may offset this loss, thus having an overall positive effect on economic growth.
2008-03-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8373/1/MPRA_paper_8373.pdf
Brambila Macias, Jose (2008): Remittances, Migration and Informality in Mexico. A Simple Model.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8576
2019-09-26T10:29:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483534
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8576/
Causality between Public Expenditure and Economic Growth: The Turkish Case.
Bağdigen, Muhlis
Çetintaş, Hakan
H54 - Infrastructures ; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
O40 - General
This paper takes into account recent advances in econometric techniques and examines Wagner’s Law of long-run relationship between public expenditure and GDP for the Turkish case over the period of 1965-2000. The relationship is supposed public expenditure to be an outcome, not cause, of growth in GDP. Causality must run from GDP to public expenditure, not other ways around. Using the co-integration test and the Granger Causality test, we empirically find no causality in both directions; neither Wagner’s Law nor Keynes hypothesis is valid for the Turkish case.
2003-03-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8576/1/MPRA_paper_8576.pdf
Bağdigen, Muhlis and Çetintaş, Hakan (2003): Causality between Public Expenditure and Economic Growth: The Turkish Case. Published in: Journal of Economic and Social Research , Vol. 1, No. 6 (2004): pp. 53-72.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8594
2019-09-26T15:14:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483737
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503236
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8594/
The Incentive Role of Creating "Cities" in China
Li, Lixing
H77 - Intergovernmental Relations ; Federalism ; Secession
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
O40 - General
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
P26 - Political Economy ; Property Rights
This paper examines a distinctive mechanism of providing incentives to local governments – upgrading counties to "cities". In China, awarding city status to existing counties is the dominant way of creating new urban administrative units, during which the local government gets many benefits. Using a large panel data set covering all counties in China during 1993-2004, I investigate the determinants of upgrading. I find that the official minimum requirements for upgrading are not enforced in practice. Instead, economic growth rate plays a key role in obtaining city status. An empirical test is then conducted to distinguish between a principal-agent incentive mechanism and political bargaining. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the central government uses upgrading to reward local officials for high growth, as well as aligning local interests with those of the center. This paper highlights the importance of both fiscal and political incentives facing the local government. The comparison between incentive mechanism and bargaining sheds light on an important question about China’s politics of governance: where does power lie in China?
2008-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8594/1/MPRA_paper_8594.pdf
Li, Lixing (2008): The Incentive Role of Creating "Cities" in China.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8596
2019-09-27T05:46:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8596/
Liberating Supply: Fiscal Policy and Technological Innovation in a Multicountry Model
Bayoumi, Tamim
Coe, David T.
Laxton, Douglas
O30 - General
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
O40 - General
This paper examines how endogenizing technological progress in a multicountry macroeconometric model affects the analysis of fiscal policies. It uses an expanded version of the IMF's multicountry model, MULTIMOD, in which total factor productivity (TFP) is endogenized as a function of domestic research and development (R&D) expenditures, R&D expenditures of trading partners, and trade. Compared with the standard version of the model with exogenous TFP, fiscal policies have much larger and long-lived effects on the domestic economy and on other countries.
1998-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8596/1/MPRA_paper_8596.pdf
Bayoumi, Tamim and Coe, David T. and Laxton, Douglas (1998): Liberating Supply: Fiscal Policy and Technological Innovation in a Multicountry Model.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8635
2019-10-01T17:12:48Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8635/
Regard(s) sur l'émergence d'une économie de marché en Chine
Arvanitis, Rigas
Miège, Pierre
Zhao, Wei
O53 - Asia including Middle East
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
O40 - General
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
O14 - Industrialization ; Manufacturing and Service Industries ; Choice of Technology
The Chinese economy does still not qualify as demand-driven economy. Its growth is based on investment. In fact successive waves of investment have emerged during the eighties and produced a piling-up of productive systems. A wave of small national enterprises and entrepreneurs, a second large wave of foreign direct investment from overseas Chinese mainly from Hong-Kong, South-East Asia and Taiwan and a wave of FDI from rich industrialized economies: Japan, South Korea, USA and Europe. The article presents these waves and the consequences of its occurrence. They also deal with the absence of confidence that seems to characterize the economy and dwelve on the difficulties of the growing market economy.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8635/1/MPRA_paper_8635.pdf
Arvanitis, Rigas and Miège, Pierre and Zhao, Wei (2003): Regard(s) sur l'émergence d'une économie de marché en Chine. Published in: Perspectives chinoises No. 77 : pp. 53-65.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8767
2019-09-27T16:31:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433132
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8767/
Are any growth theories linear? Why we should care about what the evidence tells us
Henderson, Daniel J.
Papageorgiou, Chris
Parmeter, Christopher F.
O10 - General
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
C12 - Hypothesis Testing: General
C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
O40 - General
Recent research on macroeconomic growth has been focused on resolving several key issues, two of which, specification uncertainty of the growth process and variable uncertainty, have received much attention in the recent literature. The standard procedure has been to assume a linear growth process and then to proceed with investigating the relevant variables that determine growth across countries. However, a more appropriate approach would be to recognize that a misspecified model may lead one to conclude that a variable is relevant when in fact it is not. This paper takes a step in this direction by considering conditional variable uncertainty with full blown specification uncertainty. We use recently developed nonparametric model selection techniques to deal with nonlinearities and competing growth theories. We show how one can interpret our results and use them to motivate more intriguing specifications within the
traditional studies that use Bayesian Model Averaging or other model selection criteria. We find that the inclusion of nonlinearities is necessary for determining the empirically relevant variables that dictate growth and that nonlinearities are especially important in uncovering key
mechanism of the growth process.
2008-05-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8767/1/MPRA_paper_8767.pdf
Henderson, Daniel J. and Papageorgiou, Chris and Parmeter, Christopher F. (2008): Are any growth theories linear? Why we should care about what the evidence tells us.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8768
2019-10-02T08:02:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8768/
A Test for Multimodality of Regression Derivatives with an Application to Nonparametric Growth Regressions
Henderson, Daniel J.
O10 - General
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
O40 - General
This paper presents a method to test for multimodality of an estimated kernel density of parameter estimates from a local-linear least-squares regression derivative. The procedure is laid out in seven simple steps and a suggestion
for implementation is proposed. A Monte Carlo exercise is used to examine the finite sample properties of the test along with those from a calibrated version of it which corrects for the conservative nature of Silverman-type tests. The test is included in a study on nonparametric growth regressions. The results show that in the estimation of unconditional β-convergence, the distribution of the parameter estimates is multimodal with one mode in the negative region (primarily OECD economies) and possibly two modes in the positive region (primarily non-OECD economies) of the parameter estimates. The results for conditional β-convergence show that the density is predominantly negative
and unimodal. Finally, the application attempts to determine why particular observations posess positive marginal effects on initial income in both the unconditional and conditional frameworks.
2008-04-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8768/1/MPRA_paper_8768.pdf
Henderson, Daniel J. (2008): A Test for Multimodality of Regression Derivatives with an Application to Nonparametric Growth Regressions.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9374
2019-09-27T14:26:16Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483532
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9374/
Human capital investment and growth: A dynamic education model
Ben Mimoun, Mohamed
Raies, Asma
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
O40 - General
The paper aims to explicitly determine the distribution of human capital across hierarchic educational stages along the transition process, and to analyse the determinants of its evolution.
We apply optimal control principles in a model of endogenous growth with two successive stages of education. We show that with initial relative scarcity of advanced human capital, the duration of studies at the advanced level should increase until reaching its equilibrium level. We also find that, by raising the duration of studies at the advanced schooling level, improvements in the quality of education at this level also enhances the economy’s growth rate, both in the transition
and in the long-run.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9374/1/MPRA_paper_9374.pdf
Ben Mimoun, Mohamed and Raies, Asma (2008): Human capital investment and growth: A dynamic education model. Published in: Journal of Business Affairs , Vol. Volume, No. Issue 1 (2008): pp. 1-22.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9430
2019-09-28T10:29:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453237
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433530
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9430/
Schumpeterian Foundations of Real Business Cycles
Nuno Barrau, Galo
E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
C50 - General
O40 - General
In this paper I propose a dynamic stochastic general quilibrium model that includes many of Schumpeter’s ideas about growth and business cycles. In this model, technology advances are due to the introduction of vertical innovations by entrepreneurs who are funded by banks. The model is solved and estimated by bayesian methods for the U.S. economy to compute the value of some of its structural parameters. Results show that the presented innovation mechanism is roughly equivalent in terms of volatilies, correlations and impulse responses to the technology shocks in real business cycle models. Notwithstanding, the model differs from traditional RBC models as it incorporates
technology catch-up features that affect the convergence to the steady-state.
2008-06-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9430/1/MPRA_paper_9430.pdf
Nuno Barrau, Galo (2008): Schumpeterian Foundations of Real Business Cycles.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9676
2019-09-27T17:31:03Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9849
2019-09-26T14:36:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433032
7375626A656374733D4E:4E30:4E3030
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9849/
Innovation, Diffusion and the Distribution of Income in a Malthusian Economy
Staley, Mark
O30 - General
C02 - Mathematical Methods
N00 - General
O40 - General
Between 5000 BCE and 1800, the population of the world grew 120-fold despite constraints on the total amount of land available for production. This paper develops a model linking population growth to increasing productivity driven by random innovation and diffusion. People are endowed with a set of skills obtained from their parents or neighbours, but those skills are imperfectly applied during their lifetimes. The resulting variation in productivity leads to a distribution of income and to a process of diffusion whereby high-income activities spread at the expense of low-income activities. An analytic formula is derived for the steady-state distribution of income. The model predicts that the rate of growth of population approaches an asymptotic limit, whereupon there are no scale effects. The model also predicts that if the rate of diffusion of knowledge is increased, the growth rate will increase.
2008-05-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9849/1/MPRA_paper_9849.pdf
Staley, Mark (2008): Innovation, Diffusion and the Distribution of Income in a Malthusian Economy. Published in: Journal of Evolutionary Economics , Vol. 20, No. 5 (2010): pp. 689-714.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:9956
2019-09-29T13:37:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3431
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433632
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9956/
Knife-edge conditions in the modeling of long-run growth regularities
Growiec, Jakub
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
O40 - General
C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
Balanced (exponential) growth cannot be generalized to a concept which would not require knife-edge conditions to be imposed on dynamic models. Already the assumption that a solution to a dynamical system (i.e. time path of an economy) satisfies a given functional regularity (e.g. quasi-arithmetic, logistic, etc.) imposes at least one knife-edge assumption on the considered model. Furthermore, it is always possible to find divergent and qualitative changes in dynamic behavior of the model – strong enough to invalidate its long-run predictions – if a certain parameter is infinitesimally manipulated. In this sense, dynamics of all growth models are fragile and "unstable".
2008-07-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9956/1/MPRA_paper_9956.pdf
Growiec, Jakub (2008): Knife-edge conditions in the modeling of long-run growth regularities.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10328
2019-10-01T05:16:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4930:493030
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10328/
Health, lifestyle, Growth
Coppola, Gianluigi
I00 - General
O40 - General
In this paper we try to explain why lifestyle may have a positive impact on economic growth. First of all, we consider health affecting consumer’s utility and we define also a Health Production Function where health is the output and the consumer’s good are the inputs. In this approach we define lifestyle as the return to scale of the Health Production Function A first result is that an increase of consumer’s personal income may have a positive or a negative effect on health. According this result, we modify the Solow Growth Model. We consider health as labour-augmenting. The result is a semi-endogenous model in which the population growth affects positively the income per capita growth, if lifestyle is positive.
2008-09-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10328/1/MPRA_paper_10328.pdf
Coppola, Gianluigi (2008): Health, lifestyle, Growth.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10843
2019-09-30T01:54:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10843/
Direction and intensity of technical change: a micro-founded growth model
zamparelli, luca
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
O40 - General
This paper develops a growth model combining elements of endogenous growth and induced innovation literatures. In a standard induced innovation model firms select at no cost innovations from an innovation possibilities frontier describing the trade-off between increasing capital or labor productivity. The model proposed allows firms to choose not only the direction but also the size of innovation by representing the innovation possibilities through a cost function of capital and labor augmenting innovations. By so doing, it provides a micro-foundation both of the intensity and of the direction of technical change. The policy analysis implies that an increase in subsidies to R&D as opposed to capital accumulation raises per capita steady state growth, employment rate and wage share.
2008-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10843/1/MPRA_paper_10843.pdf
zamparelli, luca (2008): Direction and intensity of technical change: a micro-founded growth model.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11086
2019-09-28T02:26:47Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3137
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11086/
Growth and Poverty Reduction in West Africa: A Brief Overview
Wodon, Quentin
N17 - Africa ; Oceania
O40 - General
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
This paper serves as a brief introduction and overview for a volume that provides a set of six case studies from West Africa in order to contribute to an assessment of the benefits of growth (or the cost of a lack of growth) for poverty reduction in those countries. The first part of the volume describes the experience of two countries (Ghana and Senegal) that achieved high levels of growth in the 1990s, and that also experienced important reductions
in poverty, even though growth was not strictly pro-poor. The second part of the volume describes the experience of two other countries (Burkina Faso and Cape Verde) that also achieved high levels of growth in the 1990s, but where
due to data and methodological issues, there was an initial perception that growth did not lead to much poverty reduction. The more detailed analysis of poverty presented here suggests however that these two countries did witness a sharp reduction in their population share in poverty, as would have been expected given their growth record. Finally, in the third part of the volume, it is argued that a lack of growth in the 1990s in the last two countries under review (Guinea-Bissau and Nigeria) has been a key reason for their persistently high levels of poverty. Overall, the case studies in this volume make a
strong case for the positive impact of growth for the reduction in poverty in West Africa, but they also point to the need to pay close attention to changes in inequality as such changes have limited the gains from growth for the poor in several of the countries considered here.
2007-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11086/1/MPRA_paper_11086.pdf
Wodon, Quentin (2007): Growth and Poverty Reduction in West Africa: A Brief Overview. Published in: Growth and Poverty Reduction: Case Studies from West Africa (edited by Quentin Wodon, published in World Bank Working Paper No. 79) (January 2007): pp. 1-5.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11323
2019-10-01T10:27:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D46:4630:463032
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11323/
Mondialisation, convergence et croissance economique: une analyse par les données de panel
Allaoui, Zohra
Chkir, Ali
O40 - General
F02 - International Economic Order and Integration
C33 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
In this present paper, we try to study globalisation between theories and facts by stressing the perverse effects of social, economic and political (aspects. In other words we study the relation between globalisation and economic growth. Our empirical study is based on a panel model for an heterogeneous sample of 11 countries (7 OECD countries and 4 Mediterranean countries) over 1980-2004. By using β absolute convergence tests, β conditional convergence tests and σ convergence tests, results suggest that the developing countries did not converge in term of GDP towards developed countries.
2006-02-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11323/1/MPRA_paper_11323.pdf
Allaoui, Zohra and Chkir, Ali (2006): Mondialisation, convergence et croissance economique: une analyse par les données de panel.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11335
2019-09-28T16:43:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4439:443931
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453231
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11335/
Externalities in a Model of Perpetual Youth with Age-Dependent Productivity
Wendner, Ronald
D91 - Intertemporal Household Choice ; Life Cycle Models and Saving
E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth
O40 - General
This paper investigates the effects of (``keeping up with the Joneses'' and ``learning-by-investing'') externalities, when labor productivity decreases with age. Within the framework of a continuous time overlapping generations model, the effects of the consumption externality on the propensity to consume, capital level and individual consumption growth rates are ambiguous and depend on the presence (absence) and sign of the ``generation replacement effect'' (GRE). The sign of the GRE is determined by the rate at which labor productivity declines.
Both externalities generate distortions --- even with exogenous labor supply. Depending on the sign of the GRE, in case of a production externality, the consumption externality may raise efficiency by introducing an additional distortion. For a specific rate of labor productivity decline the GRE vanishes. In this case, externalities display the same effects in both a representative agent and the overlapping generations model.
2008-10-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11335/1/MPRA_paper_11335.pdf
Wendner, Ronald (2008): Externalities in a Model of Perpetual Youth with Age-Dependent Productivity.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11392
2019-10-01T05:21:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11392/
Shadow economy, economic growth and labor market - Romanian case
Mutascu, Mihai
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
J40 - General
O40 - General
The shadow economy is represented by the whole economic activities which are realized at the border of the criminal laws, social laws or fiscal laws or which are skipping (massive) from the inventory of national accounts. The paper is intended to quantify and analyze the impact of the shadow economy on the main variables that may characterize economic growth and labor market, for the Romanian case.
2008-11-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11392/1/MPRA_paper_11392.pdf
Mutascu, Mihai (2008): Shadow economy, economic growth and labor market - Romanian case.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11845
2019-09-26T12:51:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463430
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433530
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433132
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11845/
Causal Relationship Between Exports and Agricultural GDP in Pakistan
Memon, Manzoor Hussain
Baig, Waqar Saleem
Ali, Muhammad
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
F40 - General
C50 - General
C12 - Hypothesis Testing: General
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
O40 - General
Q10 - General
This paper is an attempt to investigate the causal relationships among agriculture and exports in Pakistan by using time series data for the period between 1971 and 2007. There are several efforts reflecting greater interest in exploring the possible relation between the international trade and economic growth. Increasing of Gross Domestic Product is the main target of almost every economy. Promoting exports of the country is one of the ways of achieving economic growth. Pakistan is among the developing countries, emphasizing to boost its exports since its inception. The major share of Pakistan’s export has strong backward linkages with the agricultural sector both in terms of primary and value added commodities. The findings have significant implications on Pakistan’s economic policy as both the variables have shown strong long-run relationship. There is also a bi-directional Granger-causality between the total exports and agricultural GDP. However, for short-run, both the variable does not cause each other in either direction.
2008-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11845/1/MPRA_paper_11845.pdf
Memon, Manzoor Hussain and Baig, Waqar Saleem and Ali, Muhammad (2008): Causal Relationship Between Exports and Agricultural GDP in Pakistan.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12087
2019-09-28T04:50:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12087/
The Technological Origins of the High School Movement
Kim, Se-Um
O10 - General
O40 - General
This paper argues that the emergence of knowledge hierarchies in the modern U.S. firms since the late 19th century, expedited by huge progress in communication technology, played a significant role in the expansion of
mass secondary education called the high school movement in the U.S. in the early 20th century. To analyze the causal connections among these historical events, the paper presents a dynamic model in which the complementarity
between individual skills is crucial to production. Middle-skilled individuals could help increase the payoff to the high-skilled by supervising low-skilled production workers as middle managers in firms, and so some of potential top managers with high skill actively supported the expansion of mass education to the secondary level some time after a sophisticated form of production organizations had started to emerge. This theoretical explanation is consistent with the existing historical evidence in the literature.
2008-10-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12087/1/MPRA_paper_12087.pdf
Kim, Se-Um (2008): The Technological Origins of the High School Movement.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12105
2019-09-29T05:00:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483536
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12105/
Defense spending and economic growth in Asian economies: A panel error-correction approach
Habibullah, M.S.
Law, Siong-Hook
Dayang-Afizzah, A.M.
O10 - General
H56 - National Security and War
O40 - General
Hoping to contribute to the existing pool of literature, this paper examines the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in selected Asian countries for the period 1989 to 2004. Our panel unit root test suggests that real GDP per capita and military expenditures are )1(I processes, while the Larsson et al. (2001) panel cointegration test indicates that economic growth and military expendirues are cointegrated. Finally, applying the panel error-correction technique proposed by Pesaran et al. (1999), our empirical results show that defense spending and economic growth in the Asian countries under the period of study are not related.
2008-01-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12105/1/MPRA_paper_12105.pdf
Habibullah, M.S. and Law, Siong-Hook and Dayang-Afizzah, A.M. (2008): Defense spending and economic growth in Asian economies: A panel error-correction approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12271
2019-09-26T08:59:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12271/
Shadow economy, economic growth and labor market - Romanian case
Mutascu, Mihai
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
J40 - General
O40 - General
The shadow economy is represented by the whole economic activities which are realized at the border of the criminal laws, social laws or fiscal laws or which are skipping (massive) from the inventory of national accounts. The paper is intended to quantify and analyze the impact of the shadow economy on the main variables that may characterize economic growth and labor market, for the Romanian case.
2008-11-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12271/1/MPRA_paper_12271.pdf
Mutascu, Mihai (2008): Shadow economy, economic growth and labor market - Romanian case. Published in: Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica , Vol. 1 (200, No. 10 (0) (December 2009): pp. 36-42.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12793
2019-10-01T04:57:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D44:4439:443931
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3136
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12793/
The Long-run Effects of Household Liquidity Constraints and Taxation on Fertility, Education, Saving and Growth
Papagni, Erasmo
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
D91 - Intertemporal Household Choice ; Life Cycle Models and Saving
O16 - Financial Markets ; Saving and Capital Investment ; Corporate Finance and Governance
O40 - General
This paper investigates economic growth under liquidity constraints by taking into account the choices of fertility, human capital and saving. In a model of four overlapping generations, parents are altruistic towards their offspring and finance their education investment. The government provides education subsidies to young adult parents and levies taxes on income of the adult generation. Sensitivity analysis on borrowing limits and tax parameters highlights effects with opposite sign on the main endogenous variables at steady state. A lift in liquidity constraints decreases savings and capital accumulation and this effect is responsible for the ambiguous sign of comparative statics on the rate of fertility and on human capital investment. From model simulation, we derive an inverted U-shaped curve relating the borrowing limit with fertility, education and growth, meaning that financial reforms in the less developed countries have positive effects on the economy in the long-run, even if they raise fertility and reduce savings. Greater government subsidies to human capital investments and lower income taxes have positive effects on savings and fertility. The same parameters present ambiguous effects on education investments and growth. Numerical simulations show that a) human capital investment has an inverted U-shaped relation with income taxes and education subsidies ; b) economic growth decreases with greater income taxes and increases with higher education subsidies.
Jel codes: O40, O16, J13, D91.
2008-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12793/1/MPRA_paper_12793.pdf
Papagni, Erasmo (2008): The Long-run Effects of Household Liquidity Constraints and Taxation on Fertility, Education, Saving and Growth.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13094
2019-09-26T14:00:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483530
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483730
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3531
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13094/
Federal, State, and Local Governments: Evaluating their Separate Roles in US Growth
Higgins, Matthew
Young, Andrew
Levy, Daniel
E62 - Fiscal Policy
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
H50 - General
O40 - General
H70 - General
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O43 - Institutions and Growth
O51 - U.S. ; Canada
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
We use US county level data (3,058 observations) from 1970 to 1998 to explore the relationship between economic growth and the extent of government employment at three levels: federal, state and local. We find that increases in federal, state and local government employments are all negatively associated with economic growth. We find no evidence that government is more efficient at lower levels. While we cannot separate out the productive and redistributive services of government, we document that the county-level income distribution became slightly more unequal from 1970 to 1998. For those who justify government activities in terms of equity concerns – perhaps even trading off economic growth for equity – the burden falls on them to show that the income distribution would have widened more in the absence of government activities. We conclude that a release of government-employed labor inputs to the private sector would be growth-enhancing.
2009-01-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13094/1/MPRA_paper_13094.pdf
Higgins, Matthew and Young, Andrew and Levy, Daniel (2009): Federal, State, and Local Governments: Evaluating their Separate Roles in US Growth.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13261
2019-09-26T13:58:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13261/
CO2 Emissions, Research and Technology Transfer in China
Ang, James
Q50 - General
O53 - Asia including Middle East
O30 - General
Q40 - General
O40 - General
Although the economy of China has grown very strongly over the last few decades, this spectacular performance has come at the expense of rapid environmental deterioration. Amidst animated debate on the issue of global warming, this study attempts to explore the determinants of CO2 emissions in China using aggregate data for more than half a century. Adopting an analytical framework that combines the environmental literature with modern endogenous growth theories, the results indicate that CO2 emissions in China are negatively related to research intensity, technology transfer and the absorptive capacity of the economy to assimilate foreign technology. Our findings also indicate that more energy use, higher income and greater trade openness tend to cause more CO2 emissions.
2009-02-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13261/1/MPRA_paper_13261.pdf
Ang, James (2009): CO2 Emissions, Research and Technology Transfer in China.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13417
2019-09-26T15:57:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3530
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13417/
Conditioned Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: A Panel Threshold Regressions Approach
Galimberti, Jaqueson K.
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O50 - General
O40 - General
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
This paper proposes a reassessment of the export-led growth hypothesis focusing on conditioning effects from countries initial level of GDP per worker, human capital stock, and exports share in GDP. For this purpose a panel threshold regression technique was applied over selected cross-country panel data, covering a broad sample of 72 countries and two sub-samples over the period from 1974 to 2003. Special attention was given to the 5-years data averaging procedure, using panel unit root tests, and to the variables measures choice, where a sensitivity analysis is proposed. Overall, the evidence reported favors the export-led growth hypothesis, where the relationship between exports and growth was showed to be not as trivial as linear specifications would indicate.
2009-02-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13417/1/MPRA_paper_13417.pdf
Galimberti, Jaqueson K. (2009): Conditioned Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: A Panel Threshold Regressions Approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13491
2019-09-30T22:03:33Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3230
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13491/
Rethinking Pakistan's Development Strategy
Hamid, Naved
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O20 - General
O40 - General
The objective of this paper is to set out the key components of a development strategy for Pakistan. A fundamental premise of our analysis is that the world economic environment is changing dramatically and a development strategy today must position itself to take advantage of the changes taking place. The paper is divided into five sections: First we provide a brief review of Pakistan's experience with development strategies so far. next we discuss the changes that have occurred, or taking place in the global economy, which have strategic relevance for Pakistan. In the third section we look at the current situation in Pakistan with regard to the potential drivers of growth, based on the earlier discussion of the global developments. In the final section key elements of an alternative development strategy for Pakistan are outlined.
2008-11-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13491/1/MPRA_paper_13491.pdf
Hamid, Naved (2008): Rethinking Pakistan's Development Strategy. Published in: The Lahore Journal of Economics (2008): pp. 47-62.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13835
2019-10-04T05:14:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483530
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3130
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433730
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13835/
From Duty to Right: The Role of Public Education in the Transition to Aging Societies
Sugimoto, Yoshiaki
Nakagawa, Masao
H50 - General
J10 - General
C70 - General
O40 - General
J20 - General
This paper argues that the introduction of compulsory schooling in early industrialization promoted the growth process that eventually led to a vicious cycle of population aging and negative pressure on education policy. In the early phases of industrialization, public education was undesirable for the young poor who relied on child labor. Compulsory schooling therefore discouraged childbirth, while the accompanying industrialization stimulated their demand for education. The subsequent rise in the share of the old population, however, limited government resources for education, placing heavier financial burdens on the young. This induced further fertility decline and population aging, and the resulting cycle may have delayed the growth of advanced economies in the last few decades.
2009-03-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13835/1/MPRA_paper_13835.pdf
Sugimoto, Yoshiaki and Nakagawa, Masao (2009): From Duty to Right: The Role of Public Education in the Transition to Aging Societies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14234
2019-09-27T18:07:58Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D45:4531:453139
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14234/
An attempt to quantify the economic system motion under the investment process incidence
Albu, Lucian-Liviu
Georgescu, George
C10 - General
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
E19 - Other
O40 - General
In this paper we proposed a model deriving from physics laws, which are associated to the investments impact upon the economic system potential. Defining several physics fundamental dimensions and starting from a series of assumptions, we tried to find their possible economic meaning and interpretation. The economic growth reflected in the system potential rise under the incidence of investments, could occur on three paths (extensive, structural and intensive), depending on main factors changes: the mass of fixed capital, the resources efficiency ratio and the velocity of GDP creation. Based on the proposed model, the optimum volume and structure of investments, according both to disposable resources and targeted economic development stage, could be assessed.
1983-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14234/1/MPRA_paper_14234.pdf
Albu, Lucian-Liviu and Georgescu, George (1983): An attempt to quantify the economic system motion under the investment process incidence. Published in: Revista Economica No. 30 : pp. 23-26.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14297
2019-09-27T16:42:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4630
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14297/
Sustained Comparative Advantage and Semi-Endogenous Growth
Petsas, Iordanis
F0 - General
O30 - General
O10 - General
O40 - General
This paper constructs a two-country (Home and Foreign) general equilibrium model of Schumpeterian growth without scale effects. The scale effects property is removed by introducing a distinct specification in the knowledge production function which generates semi-endogenous growth. In this model of semi-endogenous growth, an increase in the rate of population growth rate raises Home’s relative wage and lowers its range of goods exported to Foreign. An increase in the size of innovations increases Home’s relative wage but with an ambiguous effect on its comparative advantage. The model generates a unique steady-state equilibrium in which there is complete specialization in both goods and R&D production within each country.
2009-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14297/1/MPRA_paper_14297.pdf
Petsas, Iordanis (2009): Sustained Comparative Advantage and Semi-Endogenous Growth.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14511
2019-09-26T23:10:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14511/
Poor’s behaviour and inequality traps: the role of human capital
Lombardo, Vincenzo
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
O40 - General
We evaluate whether and how the persistence of inequality and the presence of inequality traps carry over the persistence of poverty and possible aggregate economic inefficiencies. We propose a microeconomic formalization of one possible definition of poverty and of the behaviour of poor and rich agents. Poverty is defined as lack of or low societal participation, which is source of both a direct private benefit and an indirect gain. Analysing poverty under the individual rational choice, we are able to endogeneize the threshold amount of the participation good needed to join the additional indirect benefit as well as the threshold level of income - the poverty line - needed to buy that amount; further we find the conditions for their existence which in turn determine also their level. In an overlapping generation structure we show that in economies starting largely poor two equilibria exist; one low locally stable equilibrium to which low and middle-income class converge and one upper locally unstable over the which richer classes of income enter an explosive path, with unbounded growth rates of personal income. In the rich regime the whole population enter the explosive path, with unbounded growth rates. We are able to enrich the dynamics a là Galor and Zeira (1993) in an economic environment with perfect capital markets, instead of the assumption of markets imperfections, by introducing a methodological innovation which connects the presence of the externality in the human capital accumulation of the children directly to the preference of parents. By further restricting the functional form of the initial income distribution to be lognormal we find that the mean income and the variance (i.e. inequality) of the richer part of the distribution are always higher than the ones of the lower part; moreover, while within the poor class inequality tends to zero in the very long-run, within the richer class inequality is increasing at an increasing rate. Finally, a negative relation between initial inequality and economic growth is observed. The inequality traps which cause the poor regime to emerge are also sources of aggregate economic inefficiencies, which can be eliminated by reducing income disparities accordingly.
2008-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14511/1/MPRA_paper_14511.pdf
Lombardo, Vincenzo (2008): Poor’s behaviour and inequality traps: the role of human capital.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14566
2019-09-30T13:49:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14566/
International Output Convergence, Breaks, and Asymmetric Adjustment
Dimitris, Chrsitopoulos
Miguel, Leon-Ledesma
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
O40 - General
We present time series evidence on output convergence for 14 countries relative to the US for the 1900-2000 period. We develop tests that allow for an unknown number of breaks in the series and also asymmetric convergence speed. We show that this asymmetry arises theoretically when the economy is not in the neighbourhood of the steady state. Breaks are modelled through a Fourier function fitted to the deterministic part of a time series and asymmetries are modelled as a smooth transition function that matches the theory predictions. The tests are shown to have good finite sample properties. The results support the existence of convergence towards a mean that displays a break around WWII. These breaks, in the majority of cases, appear to be permanent. Asymmetric mean reversion also appears to be an important feature driving convergence for most countries in the sample. These results emphasize the importance that disruptive historical events have on the dynamics of relative outputs.
2009-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14566/1/MPRA_paper_14566.pdf
Dimitris, Chrsitopoulos and Miguel, Leon-Ledesma (2009): International Output Convergence, Breaks, and Asymmetric Adjustment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15003
2019-09-26T15:03:35Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473332
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473333
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15003/
Economic Factors Influencing Corporate Capital Structure in Three Asian Countries: Evidence from Japan, Malaysia and Pakistan
Mahmud, Muhammad
Herani, Gobind M.
Rajar, A.W.
Farooqi, Wahid
G32 - Financing Policy ; Financial Risk and Risk Management ; Capital and Ownership Structure ; Value of Firms ; Goodwill
G33 - Bankruptcy ; Liquidation
G10 - General
O40 - General
This study is an attempt to determine the factors that influence a firm’s choice of capital structure in three Asian countries: Japan, Malaysia and Pakistan. The specific objective is to investigate if country’s economic factors play a significant role in determining capital structure between markets. These countries are chosen in order to represent three different stages of economic development. Literature review reveals that considerable research has been made in the industrialized countries on the similar topic. Capital structure is one of the most complex areas of strategic financial decision making due to its interrelationship with macroeconomic variables. This study reveals that per capita GNP growth for Japan and Malaysia is significantly related to capital structure of firm and higher economic growth tends to cause to use more long term debt. These results for Pakistan are different from those other two countries. This also shows that inefficiencies coupled with high leverage may entangle Pakistani firms in debt trap. The indicator of prime lending rate is the most decisive factor affecting demand for credit for Japan and Malaysia. It is evident from the analysis that financial liberalization provides major support in the development of capital structure and overall corporate sector in all the three countries.
2009-04-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15003/1/MPRA_paper_15003.pdf
Mahmud, Muhammad and Herani, Gobind M. and Rajar, A.W. and Farooqi, Wahid (2009): Economic Factors Influencing Corporate Capital Structure in Three Asian Countries: Evidence from Japan, Malaysia and Pakistan. Published in: Indus Journal of Management & Social Sciences No. 3(1) (20 April 2009): pp. 9-17.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15017
2019-09-26T09:36:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423532
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15017/
The Analysis of ‘Leading Sectors’: A Long term view of 18 Latin American economies
Acevedo, Alejandra
Mold, Andrew
Perez Caldentey, Esteban
B52 - Institutional ; Evolutionary
O40 - General
O14 - Industrialization ; Manufacturing and Service Industries ; Choice of Technology
In the 1950s and 60s, in Latin America structuralism was considered as the preeminent form of analysis of economic development and growth. Nowadays, in contrast, as a mode of analysis structuralism is distinctly unfashionable, and has been superceded by newer endogenous growth theories, which build on earlier neoclassical contributions. Beyond broad endorsements of enhancing human capital, promoting infrastructure provision and the importance of sustaining investment levels, it is arguable whether endogenous growth theories been able to shed much light on the dynamics of growth. This paper revindicates the utility of structuralist analysis in the analysis of Latin American growth patterns. Through some simple empirical tests, it explores the relationship between economic growth and structural performance. Using as high a level of disaggregation as the data allows, we use dynamic panel data analysis together with a steady state model to calculate the elasticities of sectoral growth to overall output. The implications for resource allocation and policies to promote particular sectors are discussed.
2009-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15017/1/MPRA_paper_15017.pdf
Acevedo, Alejandra and Mold, Andrew and Perez Caldentey, Esteban (2009): The Analysis of ‘Leading Sectors’: A Long term view of 18 Latin American economies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15093
2019-10-13T11:45:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15093/
Foreign direct investment. A bid for progress?
Ferro, Gustavo
Antón Rodríguez, Martín
C10 - General
O40 - General
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is not a unique explanation for growth and progress, but is one of the more useful indicators of the open opportunities. It reveals preferences of the developed countries’ private sector, while the emerging economies seem to participate in a global bid. That bid is for capital, for the technology and know-how normally associated to investments, and for the final award, progress and development.
Besides policies, politics and initial conditions, the economy matters. An estimation of economic determinants to FDI is done, and to take into account best relative results, an econometric frontier is calculated in order to determine how do the more efficient in attracting FDI.
Some new perspective is added to conventional wisdom: there are countries, which are in some sense “more efficient producers” of FDI. The efficient frontier approach could shed some light of the link from sowing to reaping. Some shocking results were attained, when we tried to ask the question “Which are the best harvesters?” The more “sexiest” countries are not the more efficient producers of FDI in our ranking.
2006-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15093/1/MPRA_paper_15093.pdf
Ferro, Gustavo and Antón Rodríguez, Martín (2006): Foreign direct investment. A bid for progress?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15229
2019-09-26T14:43:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3136
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15229/
Investment in Relationship-Specific Assets: Does Finance Matter?
Kukenova, Madina
Strieborny, Martin
O16 - Financial Markets ; Saving and Capital Investment ; Corporate Finance and Governance
O40 - General
G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages
We show that contract-intensive industries particularly thrive both in countries with high initial level of financial development and in the US states that
deregulated their banking sector. These industries use high share of relationship-specific inputs that can be purchased only via specific contracts with the suppliers.
Accordingly, both firms in those industries and their suppliers face above-average levels of risk and transaction costs. Our empirical results thus confirm the theoretical claim that finance promotes real economy via managing risk and decreasing transaction costs. Furthermore, the pro-growth e¤ect of finance seems to come from financial intermediaries like banks rather than from stock markets. This suggests that the intrinsic functions of relationship-banking (long-term commitment, increase in reputation and planning horizon of the borrowers) are especially
important for the contract-intensive industries.
2009-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15229/1/MPRA_paper_15229.pdf
Kukenova, Madina and Strieborny, Martin (2009): Investment in Relationship-Specific Assets: Does Finance Matter?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15261
2019-09-27T04:52:09Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D52:5234:523430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15261/
Transport infrastructures and regional growth: evidence of the Spanish case
Cantos, Pedro
Gumbau-Albert, Mercedes
Maudos, Joaquin
R40 - General
O40 - General
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
This paper analyses the impact of transport infrastructures on the economic growth of both regions and sectors, distinguishing among modes of transport. It also attempts to capture the spillover effects or network effects associated with transport infrastructures. Two different methodologies are used: the first adopts an accounting approach on the basis of a regression on total factor productivity (TFP) indices, the second uses econometric estimates of the production function. Our study obtains very similar elasticities with both methodologies for the private sector of the economy, both for the aggregate capital stock of transport infrastructures and for the various types of infrastructure. Important network effects of these infrastructures on the private sector have also been observed. However, the disaggregated results for sectors of production are not conclusive.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15261/1/MPRA_paper_15261.pdf
Cantos, Pedro and Gumbau-Albert, Mercedes and Maudos, Joaquin (2005): Transport infrastructures and regional growth: evidence of the Spanish case. Published in: Transport Reviews , Vol. 25, No. 1 (2005): pp. 25-50.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15527
2019-10-04T04:54:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4439:443930
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453231
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15527/
Conspicuous Consumption and Overlapping Generations
Wendner, Ronald
D90 - General
E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth
O40 - General
This paper investigates household decisions, and optimal taxation in an overlapping generations model in which individual utility depends on a weighted average of consumption of ones peers --- a ``keeping up with the Joneses'' consumption externality. In contrast to representative agent economies, the consumption externality \emph{generally} affects steady state savings and growth rates. The nature of the externality's impact, however, critically depends on the rate at which labor productivity declines with age. For a (strongly enough) declining labor productivity (or when people gradually retire), the consumption externality \emph{lowers} the steady state propensity to consume out of total wealth. The opposite holds for a constant labor productivity. The market economy can be decentralized by a (reverse) unfunded social security system if the rate of labor productivity decline is high (low). In contrast to previous results, the \emph{optimal} steady state capital income tax is zero, in spite of the consumption externality.
2009-06-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15527/1/MPRA_paper_15527.pdf
Wendner, Ronald (2009): Conspicuous Consumption and Overlapping Generations.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15570
2019-10-05T03:52:57Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453634
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493238
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15570/
Desigualdade e Pobreza: Fatos Estilizados e Simulações
Souza-Sobrinho, Nelson
E64 - Incomes Policy ; Price Policy
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
I28 - Government Policy
O40 - General
This paper analyses the relations between poverty, inequality and economic growth in Brazil. First of all, based on recent research, it shows characteristics and historical evolution of inequality and poverty.
These characteristics are not novelty to specialized research, but drawing them as stylized facts gives a comprehensive idea of the matter. Then the work builds simulations based on Mendonça & Paes de Barros’s methodology (1997). These simulations depict the impact
of economic growth and inequality on poverty and agree with both empirical evidences from recent papers and results found by those authors. The exercise shows an inverse relation between growth and poverty, and a positive one between inequality and poverty. Finally, the paper criticizes the recent Brazilian research.
2001-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15570/1/MPRA_paper_15570.pdf
Souza-Sobrinho, Nelson (2001): Desigualdade e Pobreza: Fatos Estilizados e Simulações. Published in: Revista Paranaense de Desenvolvimento No. 100 (January 2001): pp. 107-131.
pt
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15576
2019-09-28T01:04:11Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3433
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15576/
Oil Exports, Non Oil GDP and Investment in the GCC Countries
Harb, Nasri
O43 - Institutions and Growth
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
O40 - General
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
This paper studies the long and short-run relationship between oil exports, non oil GDP and investment in five major oil exporting countries. Its goal is to verify the effect of natural resources exports on the economic performance. It considers the effect of cross sectional correlations and uses the corresponding panel unit root tests to study the long-run characteristics of our series. The results show that resources' exports have no long-run relationship with the macro variables. A VAR analysis is used to estimate the short-run dynamics and shows that the effect of oil exports on those variables depends on local policies.
2008-06-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15576/1/MPRA_paper_15576.pdf
Harb, Nasri (2008): Oil Exports, Non Oil GDP and Investment in the GCC Countries. Forthcoming in: Review of Development Economics
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15795
2019-10-01T05:33:44Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15795/
Infrastructures and New Technologies as Sources of Spanish Economic Growth
Mas, Matilde
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
O40 - General
O52 - Europe
The paper revises the impact of infrastructures and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on economic growth. It takes Spain as a reference case due to the accessibility to capital services estimates. The Spanish database allows the measurement of the impact on growth of three ICT assets (software, hardware and communication) and six different types of infrastructures (roads, railways, airports, ports, as well as urban and water infrastructures). It also allows the distinction between public and privately owned infrastructures. As a first step, the paper recommends the adjustment of the National Accounts (NA) figures, especially when the endogenous approach to compute the user cost is utilized. The rationale for the adjustment relies on the need to
recognize explicitly the services provided by public capital, not fully included in NA.
2006-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15795/1/MPRA_paper_15795.pdf
Mas, Matilde (2006): Infrastructures and New Technologies as Sources of Spanish Economic Growth. Published in: Fundación BBVA - Documentos de trabajo No. 14 (August 2006)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15821
2019-09-29T08:20:22Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15821/
Public Capital, Internal Rate of Return and Growth Accounting
Mas, Matilde
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
O40 - General
The note raises some methodological problems derived from the presence of public capital. It follows closely Jorgenson and Landfeld (2004) proposal of modifying Gross Value Added and Gross Operating Surplus figures provided by National Accounts, since public capital services are underestimated. Making use of the Spanish data we conclude that Spanish NA figures underestimate GVA and GOS in approximately 4% and 9% respectively with the gap increasing since the middle of the nineties. However, the rates of growth are not that different. Finally, growth accounting results show slightly higher contributions of capital and TFP to output growth when the alternative approach is applied.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15821/1/MPRA_paper_15821.pdf
Mas, Matilde (2005): Public Capital, Internal Rate of Return and Growth Accounting. Published in: EU KLEMS Note (2005)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16051
2019-10-08T10:03:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3136
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16051/
Investment in Relationship-Specific Assets: Does Finance Matter?
Kukenova, Madina
Strieborny, Martin
O16 - Financial Markets ; Saving and Capital Investment ; Corporate Finance and Governance
O40 - General
G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages
We show that contract-intensive industries grow disproportionately faster both in countries with a high initial level of financial development and in the US states which deregulated their banking sector. These industries use a high share of relationship-specific inputs that can be purchased only via specific contracts with the suppliers. Accordingly, both firms in those industries and their suppliers face above-average levels of risk and transaction costs. Our empirical results thus confirm the theoretical claim that finance promotes the real economy via managing risk and decreasing transaction costs. Furthermore, the pro-growth effect of finance seems to come from financial intermediaries like banks rather than from stock markets. This suggests that the intrinsic functions of relationship-banking (long-term commitment, increase in reputation and planning horizon of the borrowers) are especially important for the contract-intensive industries.
2009-07-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16051/2/MPRA_paper_16051.pdf
Kukenova, Madina and Strieborny, Martin (2009): Investment in Relationship-Specific Assets: Does Finance Matter?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16152
2019-09-27T19:57:58Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423231
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453231
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16152/
Gida harcamalar inin gelir içindeki payi yönünden satin alma gücünün değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye’nin bölgeselleştirilmiş illeri bazinda bir değerlendirme
Kalyoncu, Kahraman
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
B21 - Microeconomics
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
I12 - Health Behavior
B22 - Macroeconomics
O40 - General
E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
Bu çalışmada gıda harcamalarının toplam gelir içindeki paylarına bakarak, bireyin ya da hane halkının reel gelirinin ya da satın alma gücünün artıp artmadığı sorusuna cevap aradık. Gıda harcamalarının bütçe içindeki payının azalmasını reel gelirin artmasının bir göstergesi olarak ele aldık. Çalışmamızda Türkiye’nin 17 bölgesel hale getirilmiş illerinde 1994 ve 2003 yıllarında yapılan hane halkı bütçe anketi verilerini kullandık. Analiz sonucunda ele alınan dönem itibariyle gıda harcamalarının gelir içindeki payının azaldığı bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak ele alınan dönemler itibariyle hane halklarının reel
gelirinin ya da satın alma güçlerinin arttığı bulunmuştur.
ABSTRACT
In this study, we investigate whether the individuals or household real income level or purchasing power parity
increases in terms of food expenditure ratio in income. If the portion of the food expenditure in budget declines then we take it as an increase income level. 17 Turkish pregionalized provincial level household data is used for 1994 and 2003. For the period we experience that food expenditure ratio in income declines. Therefore, household reel income level or purchasing
power has increased.
2009-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16152/1/MPRA_paper_16152.pdf
Kalyoncu, Kahraman (2009): Gida harcamalar inin gelir içindeki payi yönünden satin alma gücünün değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye’nin bölgeselleştirilmiş illeri bazinda bir değerlendirme. Published in: Niğde Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi , Vol. 2, (June 2009): pp. 18-26.
tr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16805
2021-12-22T19:08:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16805/
Bourgeois dignity and liberty: Why economics can’t explain the modern world
McCloskey, Deirdre Nansen
B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
O40 - General
Two centuries ago the world’s economy stood at the present level of Chad. Two centuries later the world supports more than six-and-half times more people. Starvation worldwide is at an all-time low, and falling. Literacy and life expectancy are at all-time highs, and rising. How did average income in the world move from $3 to $30 a day? Economics mattered in shaping the pattern but to understand it economists must know the history and historians must know the economics. Material, economic forces were not the original and sustaining causes of the modern rise, 1800 to the present. Ethical talk runs the world. Dignity encourages faith. Liberty encourages hope. The claim is that the dignity to stand in one’s place and the liberty to venture made the modern world. An internal ethical change allowed it, beginning in northwestern Europe after 1700. For the first time on a big scale people looked with favor on the market economy, and even on the creative destruction coming from its profitable innovations. The world began to revalue the bourgeois towns. If envy and local interest and keeping the peace between users of old and new technologies are allowed to call the shots, innovation and the modern world is blocked. If bourgeois dignity and liberty are not on the whole embraced by public opinion, the enrichment of the poor doesn’t happen. The older suppliers win. The poor remain unspeakably poor.
By 1800 in northwestern Europe, for the first time in economic history, an important part of public opinion came to accept creative accumulation and destruction in the economy. People were willing to change jobs and allow technology to progress. People stopped attributing riches or poverty to politics or witchcraft. The historians of the world that trade created do not acknowledge the largest economic event in world history since the domestication of plants and animals, happening in the middle of their story. Ordinary Europeans got a dignity and liberty that the proud man’s contumely had long been devoted to suppressing. The material economy followed.
2009-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16805/2/MPRA_paper_16805.pdf
McCloskey, Deirdre Nansen (2009): Bourgeois dignity and liberty: Why economics can’t explain the modern world.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16999
2019-09-26T17:50:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16999/
Voracity vs. Scale Effect in a Growing Economy
Mino, Kazuo
O43 - Institutions and Growth
O40 - General
This paper extends the standard model of growth with insecure property rights by introducing variable labor supply and increasing returns to scale. It is assumed that capital stock is jointly owned by multiple interest groups and that each group participates production activities by supplying its labor force. In this setting, there are two opposing factors that affect growth: over consumption in the absence of secure property rights and the scale effect due to the presence of increasing returns. The growth performance of the economy thus depends on which factor dominates.
2006-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16999/1/MPRA_paper_16999.pdf
Mino, Kazuo (2006): Voracity vs. Scale Effect in a Growing Economy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17116
2019-09-26T21:22:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17116/
The Evolution of Population, Technology and Output
Galindev, Ragchaasuren
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
O40 - General
This paper extends Galor and Weil's (2000) unified growth model on the evolution of population, technology and output by replacing the parental utility function in which consumption and children are unrelated, with a more general specification in which some commodities are unrelated with children while the others are substitutes. Considering some leisure goods as the substitutes for children, it aims to explain the demographic transition from high to low fertility with the observed increase in the relative price of children to that of leisure goods along with Galor and Weil's quality-quantity mechanism based on the observed increase in the educational attainments. This modification leads to a conclusion that the demographic transition is a natural phenomenon in this environment when children become relatively more expensive than leisure goods, even for a given level of education and a given price of leisure goods. In addition, an increase in education and a decrease in the price of leisure goods contribute to the demographic transition.
2008-07-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17116/2/MPRA_paper_17116.pdf
Galindev, Ragchaasuren (2008): The Evolution of Population, Technology and Output.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17128
2019-09-27T07:57:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17128/
Optimal policy and consumption smoothing effects in the time-to-build AK model
Bambi, Mauro
Fabbri, Giorgio
Gozzi, Fausto
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
E22 - Investment ; Capital ; Intangible Capital ; Capacity
O40 - General
In this paper the dynamic programming approach is exploited in order to identify the closed loop policy function, and the consumption smoothing mechanisms in an endogenous growth model with time to build, linear technology and irreversibility constraint in investment. Moreover the link among the time to build parameter, the maximum capital reproduction rate, and the magnitude of the smoothing effect is deeply investigated and compared with what happens in a vintage capital model characterized by the same technology and utility function. Finally we have analyzed the effect of time to build on the speed of convergence of the main aggregate variables.
2009-08-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17128/1/MPRA_paper_17128.pdf
Bambi, Mauro and Fabbri, Giorgio and Gozzi, Fausto (2009): Optimal policy and consumption smoothing effects in the time-to-build AK model.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17207
2019-09-29T22:25:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513233
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D49:4930
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513235
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D51:5130
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17207/
Is there any relationship between Environmental Quality Index, Human Development Index and Economic Growth? Evidences from Indian States
Mukherjee, Sacchidananda
Chakraborty, Debashis
Q50 - General
E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
Q23 - Forestry
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
I20 - General
I0 - General
O10 - General
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
Q24 - Land
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q25 - Water
O40 - General
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
Q0 - General
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
I10 - General
Economic growth does not necessarily ensure environmental sustainability for a country. The relationship between the two is far more complicated for developing countries like India, given the dependence of a large section of the population on natural resources. Under this backdrop, the current study attempts to analyze the relationships among Environmental Quality (EQ), Human Development (HD) and Economic Growth (EG) for 14 major Indian States during post liberalisation period (1991-2004). Further, for understanding the changes in EQ with the advancement of economic liberalisation, the analysis is carried out by dividing the sample period into two: Period A (1990–1996) and Period B (1997–2004). For both the sub-periods, 63 environmental indicators have been clustered under eight broad environmental groups and an overall index of EQ has been constructed using the HDI methodology. The EQ ranks of the States exhibit variation over time, implying that environment has both spatial and temporal dimensions. Ranking of the States across different environmental criteria (groups) show that different States possess different strengths and weaknesses in managing various aspects of EQ. The HDI rankings of the States for the two periods are constructed by the HDI technique following the National Human Development Report 2001 methodology. We attempt to test for the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis through multivariate OLS regression models, which indicate presence of non-linear relationship between several individual environmental groups and per capita net state domestic product. The relationship between EQ and economic growth however does not become clear from the current study. The regression results involving individual environmental groups and HDI score indicate a slanting N-shaped relationship. The paper concludes that individual States should adopt environmental management practices based on their local (at the most disaggregated level) environmental information. Moreover, since environmental sustainability and human well-being are complementary to each other, individual States should attempt to translate the economic growth to human well-being.
2009-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17207/1/MPRA_paper_17207.pdf
Mukherjee, Sacchidananda and Chakraborty, Debashis (2009): Is there any relationship between Environmental Quality Index, Human Development Index and Economic Growth? Evidences from Indian States.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17212
2019-09-28T04:40:48Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17212/
The Economic Impact of Migration: Productivity Analysis for Spain and the United Kingdom
Kangasniemi, Mari
Mas, Matilde
Robinson, Catherine
Serrano, Lorenzo
O40 - General
J30 - General
J20 - General
Increased internationalization over the past 20 years has meant that labour has become increasingly mobile, and whilst employment and earnings effects have been extensively analysed in host and source nations, the implications for firm and industry performance have been largely ignored. This paper explores the direct economic consequences of immigration on host nations’ productivity performance at a sectoral level. We consider its impact in two very different European countries, Spain and the UK. Whilst the UK has traditionally had a substantial in-flow of migration, for Spain, the phenomenon is much more recent. The paper provides an overview of the role played by immigration on per capita income, highlighting the importance of demographic differences. We then go on to analyze the role of migration on productivity using two different approaches: i) growth accounting methodology and ii) econometric estimation of a production function. Our findings indicate that migration has had very different implications for Spain and the UK, migrants being more productive than natives in the UK but less productive than natives in Spain. This may in part be a function of different immigration policies, particularly related to the skill requirements on entry, but also in part a feature of the host nations’ ability to ‘absorb’ foreign labour.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17212/1/MPRA_paper_17212.pdf
Kangasniemi, Mari and Mas, Matilde and Robinson, Catherine and Serrano, Lorenzo (2009): The Economic Impact of Migration: Productivity Analysis for Spain and the United Kingdom. Published in: Documentos de Trabajo - Fundación BBVA No. 10 (2009)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17342
2019-09-27T08:40:04Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3334
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17342/
Macroeconomic Effects of Intellectual Property Rights: A Survey
Chu, Angus C.
O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
O40 - General
This paper provides a survey on studies that analyze the macroeconomic effects of intellectual property rights (IPR). The first part of this paper introduces different patent-policy instruments and reviews their effects on R&D and economic growth. This part also discusses the distortionary effects and distributional consequences of IPR protection as well as empirical evidence on the effects of patent rights. Then, the second part considers the international aspects of IPR protection. In summary, this survey draws the following conclusions from the literature. Firstly, different patent-policy instruments have different effects on R&D and growth. Secondly, there is empirical evidence supporting a positive relationship between IPR protection and innovation, but the evidence is stronger for developed countries than for developing countries. Thirdly, the optimal level of IPR protection should tradeoff the social benefits of enhanced innovation against the social costs of multiple distortions and income inequality. Finally, in an open economy, achieving the globally optimal level of protection requires an international coordination (rather than the harmonization) of IPR protection.
2009-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17342/1/MPRA_paper_17342.pdf
Chu, Angus C. (2009): Macroeconomic Effects of Intellectual Property Rights: A Survey. Forthcoming in: Academia Economic Papers
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17536
2019-09-28T17:31:55Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513535
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17536/
The dynamics of delinking in industrial emissions: The role of productivity, trade and R&D
Marin, Giovanni
Mazzanti, Massimiliano
Q55 - Technological Innovation
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
O40 - General
This paper provides new empirical evidence on delinking / Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKC) for greenhouse gases and other air pollutant emissions in Italy. We analysed a panel dataset based on the Italian NAMEA for 1990-2005 with a specific focus on industry. We integrated the emission-income NAMEA with data on trade openness and R&D expenditures. The highly disaggregated dataset provides a large heterogeneity and can help to overcome the shortcomings of the usual approach to EKC based on cross-country data. We use in this paper CO2, SOx, NOx and PM10 as objects of investigation. We use as empirical models of reference both a standard EKC model and a STIRPAT/IPAT model. Our results show that looking at sector evidence, both decupling and then eventually re-coupling trends could emerge along the path of economic development. The analysis of how stagnation periods affect environmental performances is also of interest.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17536/1/MPRA_paper_17536.pdf
Marin, Giovanni and Mazzanti, Massimiliano (2009): The dynamics of delinking in industrial emissions: The role of productivity, trade and R&D. Published in: Journal of Innovation Economics No. 3 (2009): pp. 91-117.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17543
2019-09-30T23:05:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17543/
Can Second-Generation Endogenous Growth Models Explain The Productivity Trends and Knowledge Production In the Asian Miracle Economies?
Ang, James
Madsen, Jakob
O30 - General
O40 - General
Using data for six Asian miracle economies over the period from 1953 to 2006, this paper examines the extent to which growth has been driven by R&D and tests which second-generation endogenous growth model is most consistent with the data. The results give strong support to Schumpeterian growth theory but only limited support to semi-endogenous growth theory. Furthermore, it is shown that R&D has played a key role for growth in the Asian miracle economies.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17543/1/MPRA_paper_17543.pdf
Ang, James and Madsen, Jakob (2009): Can Second-Generation Endogenous Growth Models Explain The Productivity Trends and Knowledge Production In the Asian Miracle Economies?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17582
2019-09-30T07:00:56Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17582/
Capital humano y patrón de crecimiento sectorial y territorial: España (1964-1998)
Pérez, Francisco
Serrano, Lorenzo
O30 - General
O40 - General
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
This study analyses the time, sectorial and spatial pattern of the process of accumulation of human capital in Spain during the period 1964-98. The results show the generalized nature of the improvements as the basic feature. The increase that has taken place in each sector proves much more relevant than the change in the sectorial structure of the different territorie3s when it comes to accounting for the trendsin the provinces. The data also indicates that there has been spatial convergence in human capital endowments and confirms the influence of these on the determination of the per capita income of the Spanish provinces in the long term.
2000
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17582/1/MPRA_paper_17582.pdf
Pérez, Francisco and Serrano, Lorenzo (2000): Capital humano y patrón de crecimiento sectorial y territorial: España (1964-1998). Forthcoming in: Papeles de economía española No. 86 (2000): pp. 20-41.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17792
2019-09-26T10:46:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17792/
Education inequality, economic growth, and income inequality: Evidence from Indonesia, 1996-2005
Digdowiseiso, Kumba
I30 - General
I21 - Analysis of Education
O40 - General
Abstract
This paper examines the determinants of economic growth, income inequality, and their relationship in the context of education inequality. The econometric results from a cross-section analysis of 23 provinces in the period of 1996-2005 indicate that a higher level of human capital and the relative dispersion of human capital have a disequalizing effect on the income distribution. It also confirms that economic growth has strongly and significantly equalizing effect on the income distribution, supporting the complementarity relationship between equity and growth. In addition, human capital investment contributes significantly to the growth of economy. Therefore, in a bid to achieve egalitarian society with a more equitable distribution of income, economic policies should be more targeted at not only more education but also equal access to education.
2009-12-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17792/1/MPRA_paper_17792.pdf
Digdowiseiso, Kumba (2009): Education inequality, economic growth, and income inequality: Evidence from Indonesia, 1996-2005.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17819
2019-09-26T08:19:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3338
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433638
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443538
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17819/
R&D and Economic Growth in Slovenia: A Dynamic General Equilibrium Approach with Endogenous Growth
Verbic, Miroslav
Majcen, Boris
Cok, Mitja
O38 - Government Policy
C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
O40 - General
In the article, we model R&D as a major endogenous growth element in a small open economy general equilibrium framework and consider several R&D policy scenarios for Slovenia. Increase of the share of sectoral investment in R&D that is deductible from the CIT and increase of government spending on R&D turned out to be the most effective policy measures. While the former policy measure is still in part followed by an undesired dividend increase, the increase of government spending on R&D boosts long-run productivity in the economy, thus increasing the future value of firms, which is reflected in a desire dividend increase. The households that would gain more utility from such policy scenarios are those with more skilled and highly skilled labour, but not the very top earners in the economy.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17819/1/MPRA_paper_17819.pdf
Verbic, Miroslav and Majcen, Boris and Cok, Mitja (2009): R&D and Economic Growth in Slovenia: A Dynamic General Equilibrium Approach with Endogenous Growth.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17903
2019-10-16T04:30:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513535
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17903/
Emissions Trends, Labour Productivity Dynamics and Time-Related Events - Sector Heterogeneous Analyses of Decoupling/Recoupling on a 1990-2006 NAMEA
Marin, Giovanni
Mazzanti, Massimiliano
Q55 - Technological Innovation
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
O40 - General
This paper provides new empirical evidence on Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKC) for CO2 and air pollutants at sector level. A panel dataset based on the Italian NAMEA (National Accounting Matrix including Environmental Accounts) over 1990-2006 is analysed, focusing on both emissions efficiency (EKC model) and total emissions (IPAT model). Results show that, looking at sector evidence, both decoupling and also eventually re-coupling trends could emerge along the path of economic development. The overall performance on here CO2, is not compliant with Kyoto targets. SOx and NOx show decreasing patterns, though the shape is affected by some outlier sectors with regard to joint emission-productivity dynamics. Services tend to present stronger delinking patterns across emissions than manufacturing. Trade expansion validates the pollution haven in some cases, but also show negative signs when only EU15 trade is considered: this may due to technology spillovers and a positive ‘race to the top’ rather than the bottom among EU15 trade partners. General R&D expenditure show weak correlation with emissions efficiency. EKC and IPAT derived models provide similar conclusions overall. Finally, we used SUR estimators (Seemingly Unrelated Regressions) for EKC models on manufacturing to have more efficient panel estimates (constrained model) and to test for slope heterogeneity (unconstrained model): the empirical evidence for CO2 and SOx emissions suggests that of manufacturing the slope varies across sectors. Further research should be directed towards deeper investigation of trade relationship at sector level and increased research into and efforts to produce specific sectoral data on ‘environmental innovations’.
2009-10-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17903/1/MPRA_paper_17903.pdf
Marin, Giovanni and Mazzanti, Massimiliano (2009): Emissions Trends, Labour Productivity Dynamics and Time-Related Events - Sector Heterogeneous Analyses of Decoupling/Recoupling on a 1990-2006 NAMEA.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18001
2019-09-27T22:15:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4439:443931
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18001/
Growth and Keeping up with the Joneses
Wendner, Ronald
D91 - Intertemporal Household Choice ; Life Cycle Models and Saving
O40 - General
E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth
This paper investigates the impact of the desire to keep up with the Joneses (KUJ) on economic growth and optimal tax policy in a continuous time overlapping generations model with AK technology and gradual retirement. Due to the desire to KUJ, the propensity to consume out of total wealth rises (declines), and the balanced growth rate declines (increases) when the households' individual total (accumulated \emph{and} human) wealths are increasing (decreasing) with age. The rate of retirement determines whether or not a household's total wealth is increasing with age. If total wealth is increasing/decreasing with age, an optimal allocation is decentralized by a lump sum tax system that is progressive/regressive in age. The desire to KUJ strengthens the intergenerational regressivity (progressivity) of the optimal tax system.
2009-10-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18001/1/MPRA_paper_18001.pdf
Wendner, Ronald (2009): Growth and Keeping up with the Joneses.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18701
2019-10-12T03:52:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3530
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3537
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3530
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18701/
The Long-Lived Effects of Historic Climate on the Wealth of Nations
Bluedorn, John C.
Valentinyi, Akos
Vlassopoulos, Michael
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
O50 - General
O40 - General
We investigate the long-run consequences of historic, climatic temperatures (1730-2000) for the modern cross-country income distribution. Using a newly constructed
dataset of climatic temperatures stretching over three centuries (18th, 19th, and 20th), we estimate a robust and significant time-varying, non-monotonic effect of climatic temperature upon current incomes for a cross-section of 167 countries. We find a large, positive effect of 18th century climatic temperature and an even larger, negative effect of 19th century climatic temperature upon current incomes. When historic, climatic temperature is introduced, the effect of 20th century climatic temperature on current income is either weakly positive or insignificant. Our findings are robust to various sub-samples, additional geographic controls, and alternative income measures. The negative relationship between current, climatic temperature and current income that is commonly estimated appears to reflect the long-run effect of climatic variations in the 18th and 19th centuries.
2009-11-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18701/1/MPRA_paper_18701.pdf
Bluedorn, John C. and Valentinyi, Akos and Vlassopoulos, Michael (2009): The Long-Lived Effects of Historic Climate on the Wealth of Nations.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:18973
2019-10-01T08:09:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18973/
Inequality, Human Capital and Development: Making the Theory Face the Facts
Papageorgiou, Chris
Razak, Nor Azam Abdul
O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
O40 - General
Recent theoretical contributions assert that income inequality impacts negatively human
capital accumulation, and consequently long-run growth. Galor and Zeira (1993) show that
such a relationship works primarily through financial constraints, while de la Croix and Doepke
(2003) demonstrate that the relationship could also work via differential fertility between poor
and rich. In this paper, we first test the inequality-human capital-output hypothesis in a sample
of 46 countries for the period 1970—2000. In the baseline estimation specification and various
robustness checks, we obtain results that lend strong support to this relationship. Second, we
examine which of the two mechanisms, finds more support in the data. and show evidence in
favor of the differential fertility mechanism.
2009-11-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/18973/1/MPRA_paper_18973.pdf
Papageorgiou, Chris and Razak, Nor Azam Abdul (2009): Inequality, Human Capital and Development: Making the Theory Face the Facts.
en
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