2024-03-29T08:21:00Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:372
2019-09-26T15:28:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4530
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503531
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/372/
Slavery and other property rights
Lagerlöf, Nils-Petter
E0 - General
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
The institution of slavery is found mostly at intermediate stages of agricultural
development, and less often among hunter-gatherers and advanced
agrarian societies. We explain this pattern in a growth model with land and
labor as inputs in production, and an endogenously determined property
rights institution. The economy endogenously transits from an egalitarian
state with equal property rights, to a despotic slave society where the elite
own both people and land; thereafter it endogenously transits into a free
labor society, where the elite own the land, but people are free.
2003-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/372/1/MPRA_paper_372.pdf
Lagerlöf, Nils-Petter (2003): Slavery and other property rights.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:403
2019-09-28T04:48:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D59:5934:593430
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503332
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/403/
Production Efficiency in Peasant Agriculture: An Application of LISREL Model
Mariam, Yohannes
Eisemon, Thomas
Coffin, Garth
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
O55 - Africa
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
P32 - Collectives ; Communes ; Agriculture
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
The study examined a simplified conceptual model which incorporates variables that influence the processes and consequences of household decision-making in the Ada and Selale districts of the Ethiopian highlands. Linear structural relations (LISREL) analysis was performed on three conceptual models.
The results of LISREL analysis indicate that the magnitude of contribution of factors to production efficiency in descending order as: skill variables (e.g., experience, secular education and production knowledge), consequences of access to resources or institutions (e.g., wealth), technologies adopted, physical factors (e.g., land and labour) and extension education. The impact of inputs on production efficiency was greater among farmers who have adopted one or two technologies (Ada) and two or more technologies (Selale). Successful adoption can be attained if, given appropriate socioeconomic environment, skills of producers are matched to the requirements of technologies, and when the choice of technologies are compatible with the goals of households, experience, region and enterprise specific comparative advantages.
1993-04-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/403/1/MPRA_paper_403.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes and Eisemon, Thomas and Coffin, Garth (1993): Production Efficiency in Peasant Agriculture: An Application of LISREL Model.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:404
2019-09-30T14:46:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3139
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3338
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/404/
Production Efficiency and Agricultural Technologies in the Ethiopian Agriculture
Mariam, Yohannes
Coffin, Garth
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
O38 - Government Policy
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
Stochastic frontier production function analysis was performed to examine relative crop and milk production efficiency among peasants in Ada and Selale districts of the Central highlands of Ethiopia. The results indicate that Ada farmers exhibit relatively higher efficiency scores in cereal production compared to Selale producers. Farmers who adopted cross-bred cows attained higher efficiency scores than farmers who did not adopted. Production efficiency scores are higher in enterprises that enjoys experience and location specific comparative advantages.
The magnitude of the impacts of knowledge-related variables (i.e., production knowledge and schooling) on production efficiency are higher relative to other variables. Adoption of one or two innovations show a consistently large, positive and significant effect on all measures of production efficiency in the Selale region. Higher production efficiency is attained in Ada region if producers adopt two or more technologies. Development strategies should examine the mixes of production technologies that may contribute to increases in agricultural production compared to the conventional package approach.
1993-04-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/404/1/MPRA_paper_404.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes and Coffin, Garth (1993): Production Efficiency and Agricultural Technologies in the Ethiopian Agriculture.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:405
2019-09-26T08:29:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/405/
Crop and Milk Production Structure of Smallholders in Ethiopia
Mariam, Yohannes
Coffin, Garth
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
O55 - Africa
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Radical changes took place with respect to several agricultural policies in Ethiopia in 1990-91. Different agricultural technologies were being delivered by several international agencies. Shifts in government policies and technological intervention would induce changes in the production structure of peasants that make-up 85% of the country's population.
To examine changes in crop and livestock production, statistical analysis of production structure is carried out for major crops grown and milk produced by farmers who have adopted cross-bred cows (test) and those who have not adopted (Control) in the Selale and Ada districts in Ethiopia. Analysis of changes in production structure indicate that the increases in production were greater among test compared with control farmers in both study sites.
Physical factors such as land, labour, oxen and seeding rate exert positive and significant impacts on the amount of crop produced. However, the impact of non-physical resources such as indigenous production knowledge is not only greater than most physical resources or inputs but also indicates that it is location-specific. That is, the impact of production knowledge is larger on the amount of grain produced by farmers living in regions with greater comparative advantage for grain production (Ada).
Physical factors such as grazing area and concentrates and number of cows exert significant impacts on the amount of milk produced in the region with greater potential for livestock production (Selale). Differences in the resource base, enterprise-specific experience and the availability of preconditions (infrastructure) influence the impact of inputs on the level of outputs. Livestock production knowledge exert greater influence on the amount of milk produced per cow in the Selale than in the Ada region.
The impact of most farm inputs is greater when farmers adopt fertilizer and pesticides (Ada) or fertilizer and cross-bred cows (Selale). Thus, package approach to technological intervention may not necessarily contribute to sustainable increases in food production. Instead, introduction of selective mixes of production technologies compatible with comparative advantages of regions and experience of peasants may prove useful strategy in attaining food self-sufficiency in LDCs.
1993-04-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/405/1/MPRA_paper_405.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes and Coffin, Garth (1993): Crop and Milk Production Structure of Smallholders in Ethiopia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:406
2019-09-26T15:00:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3332
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3338
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/406/
Production efficiency in Peasant Agriculture: The Case of Mixed Farming System in the Ethiopian Highlands
Mariam, Yohannes
Coffin, Garth
Eisemon, Thomas
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
O55 - Africa
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
O38 - Government Policy
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
An aggregate measure of production efficiency involving crop and livestock enterprises is examined in the Selale and Ada regions of Ethiopia using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In general, farmers in regions more suitable to crop production (Ada) tend to attain higher production efficiency compared to farmers in regions suitable to livestock production (Selale).
This implies that Ada farmers produce agricultural outputs with a minimal outlay of inputs. DEA results also reveal that farmers who adopted cross-bred cows (refrred as test farmers) are more efficient than those who have not adopted ( referred as control farmers) in both study sites. Analysis of the contribution of socioeconomic variables to measures of production efficiency indicated that the magnitude of knowledge-related variables (i.e. production knowledge and schooling) are relatively higher compared to physical or other non-physical variables. This finding implies that sustainable increases in production efficiency and attainment of food self-sufficiency could be attained if development strategies design methods of incorporating indigenous production knowledge of peasants in the planning process.
1993-04-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/406/1/MPRA_paper_406.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes and Coffin, Garth and Eisemon, Thomas (1993): Production efficiency in Peasant Agriculture: The Case of Mixed Farming System in the Ethiopian Highlands.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:407
2019-09-28T05:27:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/407/
Goals and Strategies of Peasants in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Mariam, Yohannes
Galaty, John
Coffin, Garth
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
Multidisciplinary research methods such as observatory, participatory and multivariate regression analysis were employed to examine goals and strategies of two peasant communities in the Central highlands of Ethiopia. Continuing the family tradition of participating in social networks is found to be a universal normative goal of most study farmers. Securing subsistence food requirements and goals that may be used to characterise higher level of standard of living were ranked next to the normative goal. Five major goals were examined in relation to the normative goal. Furthermore, strategies identified by households were grouped into opportunistic, risk-minimization and long-range planning.
Statistical analysis of relationship between the five goals and strategies indicate that i) most strategies are relatively important in attaining goals selected for statistical analysis, ii) strategies which are proven to be useful from prior experience of other producers prior to this study tend to have a stronger relationship with the current goals of decision-makers (e.g. pesticides and fertilizer ), iii) the ranking of goals and strategies recognize region, enterprise and experience-specific comparative advantages of peasants, and iv) producers rank strategies hierarchically and goals ranked high in the hierarchy are valued high on subsequent goals (e.g. securing subsistence on livestock husbandry). Development projects could successfully increase the attainment of securing food self-sufficiency if they properly identify comparative advantages of farmers and regions, and examine the compatibility of intervention strategies with the goals and strategies of peasants.
1993-04-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/407/1/MPRA_paper_407.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes and Galaty, John and Coffin, Garth (1993): Goals and Strategies of Peasants in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:408
2019-09-26T09:23:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/408/
Agricultural Information and Indigenous Knowledge in Peasant Economy
Mariam, Yohannes
Galaty, John
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
Agricultural information and indigenous knowledge were examined among peasants of the central Ethiopian highlands. Measures of central tendency, logical explanation, descriptive analysis, problem solving tests, scoring and logit analysis were performed.
The findings indicate that information from extension agents tends to favour peasant associations or farmers that are closer to cities, service cooperatives, politicians and extension agents. Despite variations in the sources and access to information, the extent to which information is subjected to conscious processing determines its value to decision-makers. Furthermore, the value of information is greatly influenced by indigenous knowledge or social experience and schooling.
Farmers who are beneficiaries of projects and friends with politicians received higher scores on production problems compared to the control group. Production knowledge is found to be locale-specific and varies by age. Production knowledge is greatly influenced by experience, index of awareness, proximity to infrastructural facilities and sources of information. The findings also indicate that education enables households to relate production problems to experience and outside information. Development strategies could facilitate the attainment of food self-sufficiency if the contents and delivery mechanisms of agricultural information are equitable, and indigenous production knowledge of peasants is integrated with secular and extension education.
1993-04-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/408/1/MPRA_paper_408.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes and Galaty, John (1993): Agricultural Information and Indigenous Knowledge in Peasant Economy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:662
2019-09-30T23:12:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433434
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443732
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443835
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433831
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443832
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/662/
The Limits to Common Resource Management: The Bypassed Commons or Commons without Tragedy
Kebede, Yohannes
C44 - Operations Research ; Statistical Decision Theory
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
O55 - Africa
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data ; Data Access
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
Land, labor, indigenous knowledge and institutional resources of producers in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia are investigated. Frequency distribution and comparative statistical analysis of the two regions with respect to these and other parameters suggest that in a situation where all producers are subjected to a common source of risk (e.g. rainfall): i) the institutional resources become less effective, and ii) combination of land, labor, knowledge and other complementary resources form the basis for adjustment mechanisms, sequential or strategic decisions, and that these decisions are directed towards maintaining the nuclear family. On the other hand, when essential resources such as land are government owned and household decisions are shared by the state, local institutions or social networks become an effective means to maintain reproduction of the farm and the producer through providing access to or sharing of resources.
1993
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/662/1/MPRA_paper_662.pdf
Kebede, Yohannes (1993): The Limits to Common Resource Management: The Bypassed Commons or Commons without Tragedy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:918
2019-09-27T05:07:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/918/
Unfinished business: customary land individualization in olilit village, tanimbar islands
Shantiko, Bayuni
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
This research discusses the transformation in customary tenure toward commercialization
and appropriation in Olilit village, Tanimbar Islands. The study analyzes several factors
leading to the customary institutional change. It also looks at the roles of actors shaping
the changes and how the actor mostly the elites usurp the benefit from the process.
Since the process of individualization has been a widespread trend and seems to be
inevitable in the future, the research suggests the community to think carefully regarding
their decision toward customary land. Any decisions they made should be based on
voluntary with sufficient information at hand. This research also suggests the community
to invest themselves in order to deal with the livelihood change after having no access to
the land.
2006-12-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/918/1/MPRA_paper_918.pdf
Shantiko, Bayuni (2006): Unfinished business: customary land individualization in olilit village, tanimbar islands.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:933
2019-10-16T04:49:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/933/
Unfinished business: Customary Land Individualization in Olilit Village, Tanimbar Islands
Shantiko, Bayuni
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
This research discusses the transformation in customary tenure toward commercialization
and appropriation in Olilit village, Tanimbar Islands. The study analyzes several factors
leading to the customary institutional change. It also looks at the roles of actors shaping
the changes and how the actor mostly the elites usurp the benefit from the process.
Since the process of individualization has been a widespread trend and seems to be
inevitable in the future, the research suggests the community to think carefully regarding
their decision toward customary land. Any decisions they made should be based on
voluntary with sufficient information at hand. This research also suggests the community
to invest themselves in order to deal with the livelihood change after having no access to
the land.
2006-12-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/933/1/MPRA_paper_933.pdf
Shantiko, Bayuni (2006): Unfinished business: Customary Land Individualization in Olilit Village, Tanimbar Islands.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2219
2019-09-30T17:01:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2219/
Políticas públicas e expansão recente do agronegócio na fronteira agrícola do Brasil
Christoffoli, Pedro Ivan
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
The article discuss the impact derived of the public policies adopted by brazilian government about the expansion of agribusiness activities that causes deforestation and social impacts in the Amazonian and Cerrados regions.
2006-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2219/1/MPRA_paper_2219.pdf
Christoffoli, Pedro Ivan (2006): Políticas públicas e expansão recente do agronegócio na fronteira agrícola do Brasil.
pt
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2241
2019-09-27T04:55:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D4E:4E39:4E3935
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503532
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2241/
A Comparative Study on Landownership between China and England
Deng, Feng
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
N95 - Asia including Middle East
P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
By comparing the development of landownership in China and England, this paper explores what were behind their different trajectories. In particular, I examined the delineation of property rights, alienation of land, rent and tax, inheritance and accumulation of land. Feudal England was a combination of the Roman system and Anglo-Saxon tradition. From that very strict hierarchical structure England has experienced an evolution toward free land market. In contrast, since very early China has established a unique economic system that allowed free alienation of land, but it has been trying to check the development of land market and private property rights by various means, the most important of which is the strengthening and expanding of patriarchal clan system. The different development paths of China and England show the different responses of two different cultures, which are oriented toward family and individual, respectively, to the same problems related to landownership.
1996-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2241/1/MPRA_paper_2241.pdf
Deng, Feng (1996): A Comparative Study on Landownership between China and England.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3669
2019-09-28T11:16:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503136
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3337
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3669/
Rural class differentiation in Nigeria: Theory and practice - a quantitative approach in the case of Nupeland
Kohnert, Dirk
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
P16 - Political Economy
N37 - Africa ; Oceania
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
The knowledge of social stratification within the peasantry is a decisive precondition of sustainable economic and political measures for an effective support of agricultural production in least developed countries. This is one of the reasons why also in Nigeria social scientist focus on the problem of rural social structures recently. Up to now it was considered uncontested truth that, although there is considerable social and economic differentiation between the so-called small peasants, there is no class formation within the West African peasantry. However, these conclusions may rather reflect misinterpretations of the class concept than the actual situation of the peasants. A critical review of common misinterpretations of the historic-materialist class concept lays the base for the proposition of a new methodology for an analysis of the Nupe peasantry and rural social spaces in Northern Nigeria. Applied to the results an empirical investigation of four Nupe villages in Northern Nigeria in 1976, the proposed model reveals the early stages of a rural capitalist development, notably among rice producing marsh farmers of Cis-Kaduna, despite barriers of the semi-feudal land tenure system still in vigour in Nupeland. Widespread assumptions on the predominance of social mobility as great social equalizer in Northern Nigeria are not backed by the available data.
1979
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3669/1/MPRA_paper_3669.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (1979): Rural class differentiation in Nigeria: Theory and practice - a quantitative approach in the case of Nupeland. Published in: Afrika-Spectrum , Vol. 14, No. 3 (1979): pp. 295-315.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5093
2019-09-27T01:02:41Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523134
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5093/
Die neoliberale Agrargesetzgebung in México, 1992-2005
Acosta Reveles, Irma Lorena
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
R14 - Land Use Patterns
K11 - Property Law
Under the pressure of NAFTA negotiations Mexican government changed the agrarian legislation at the beginning of the 1990. This reform meant turning away from the former leitmotiv of social justice brought up in the revolution towards the neoliberal paradigm of economic efficiency. The old system of subsedies and and institutional support was replaced by a market- and export orientation, the priority of community land was replaced by the primacy of private property rights in order to capitalize the Mexican agriculture. This paper analyses whether the goals of increasing productivity and changing the production structure where achieved.
There are three basic outcomes from the reforms: small scale farmers have los market shares and depend on non-agricultural incomes. Secondly, the trading of land is marginal, as export goods are produced on a small share of productive land and the agricultural corporations have many alternative to the purchase Hof land. The capitalization of agricultural enterprises has also been minimal. These results cause a regional concentration of agricultural corporations and lead to a further marginalization Hof small scale farmers.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5093/1/MPRA_paper_5093.pdf
Acosta Reveles, Irma Lorena (2007): Die neoliberale Agrargesetzgebung in México, 1992-2005. Published in: Peripherie: Zeitschrift für Politik und Ökonomie in der Dritten Welt , Vol. Volume, No. Número 105/106 (2007): pp. 122-142.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5211
2019-09-28T02:25:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5211/
Impact of Land Certification on Land Rental Market Participation in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia
Holden, Stein T.
Deininger, Klaus
Ghebru, Hosaena
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q24 - Land
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
There is a renewed interest in whether land reforms can contribute to market development in Africa and whether land reforms can be pro-poor. This paper uses unique household panel data from Tigray region in Ethiopia to assess the impact of the 1998 low-cost land registration and certification reform on land rental market participation over a period of eight years after the reform, using random effects probit and tobit panel data models for land leased out and leased in, while correcting for unobservable heterogeneity and endogeneity of having certificate. The analysis revealed that the land reform contributed to increased land rental market participation. Female-headed households became more willing to rent out land and making land available for more efficient producers. Average areas leased out and leased in increased after certification. The land rental market remained characterised with significant and non-convex transaction costs also after the reform as evidenced by significant state dependence, a low response to own holding size and a high share of non-participation in the land market, leaving room for further improvement.
2007-10-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5211/1/MPRA_paper_5211.pdf
Holden, Stein T. and Deininger, Klaus and Ghebru, Hosaena (2007): Impact of Land Certification on Land Rental Market Participation in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5253
2019-09-27T05:34:30Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3537
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5253/
Agrarpolitik Marokkos (1956-1980)-Analyse aus entwicklungspolitischer Sicht
Harabi, Najib
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
N57 - Africa ; Oceania
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
The major objectives of the study is first to describe and analyse agricultural policy in Morocco and second to evaluate this policiy from the perspective of development economics
Die vorliegende Arbeit verfolgt zwei Hauptziele. Sie will versuchen, erstens die Grundlinien der in Marokko seit der Unabhängigkeit (1956 - 1980) praktizierten Agrarpolitik systematisch darzustellen und zu analysieren und zweitens diese Politik entwicklungspolitisch zu beurteilen.
1983
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5253/1/MPRA_paper_5253.pdf
Harabi, Najib (1983): Agrarpolitik Marokkos (1956-1980)-Analyse aus entwicklungspolitischer Sicht. Published in: Zentralstelle der Studentenschaft Zürich (1983)
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5435
2019-09-27T05:17:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4833
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5435/
Office Space Supply Restrictions in Britain: The Political Economy of Market Revenge
Cheshire, Paul
Hilber, Christian A. L.
H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers
R52 - Land Use and Other Regulations
Office space in Britain is the most expensive in the world and regulatory constraints are the obvious explanation. We estimate the ‘regulatory tax’ for 14 British office locations from 1961 to 2005. These are orders of magnitude greater than estimates for Manhattan condominiums or office space in continental Europe. Exploiting the panel data, we provide strong support for our hypothesis that the regulatory tax varies according to whether an area is controlled by business interests or residents. Our results imply that the cost of the 1990 change converting commercial property taxes from a local to a national basis – transparently removing any fiscal incentive to permit local development – exceeded any plausible rise in local property taxes.
2007-04-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5435/1/MPRA_paper_5435.pdf
Cheshire, Paul and Hilber, Christian A. L. (2007): Office Space Supply Restrictions in Britain: The Political Economy of Market Revenge.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5542
2019-09-27T05:57:04Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5542/
Reforming farmland and rangeland in Tharparkar: Suggested implementations for income generation
Herani, Gobind
Rajar, Allah Wasayo
Khaskheli, Muhammad Ali
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
This paper is the analysis of farming and rangeland of rain-fed area of Tharparkar and it is desert area, but the concept is general and applicable for every part of the world’s desert where agriculture is rain-fed dependant. It is disadvantaged area of Pakistan. Its’ main source of income is livestock, people like agriculture, but agriculture is not sustainable source of income due to shortage of rainfall. There is need of awareness of reforming of farmland and rangeland; fencing is the best way for farmland reform. Only this practice can help the farmers supplying the fodder in drought conditions. Rangeland also should be conserved for the natural vegetation providing, fodder. Increase in livestock would lead Thar to agro-based industrial economy. We should get the lesson from the example of Denmark where previous condition was like Tharparkar.
2007
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5542/1/MPRA_paper_5542.pdf
Herani, Gobind and Rajar, Allah Wasayo and Khaskheli, Muhammad Ali (2007): Reforming farmland and rangeland in Tharparkar: Suggested implementations for income generation. Published in: Indus Journal of Management & Social Sciences , Vol. Vol.1,, (2007): pp. 16-36.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7638
2019-09-26T22:57:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7638/
The relationship between farm size and productivity: empirical evidence from the Nepalese mid-hills
Thapa, Sridhar
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
This paper examines the farm size and productivity relationship using data from Nepalese mid hills. The household data used has been drawn from a survey conducted by the author and financed by the Norwegian University of Life Science. The analysis uses models both allowing for and not allowing for village dummies(as cluster controls), the ratio of irrigated land (as proxy for land quality), and other socio-economic variables such as households, belonging to caste groups, and family size (as proxy for access to resources). The result supported the almost ‘stylized fact’ of inverse relationship (IR) between farm size and output per hectare. Total cash input use and labour hours per hectare were found to be higher on small farms. The findings of regression equations allowing for village dummies and other socio-economic variables do not support the explanation that the IR between farm size and productivity is due to variation in regions as well as access to resources. Nevertheless, family size and caste dummies show some effects on farm value added. The paper further investigates returns to scale in Nepalese agriculture, applying the Cobb-Douglas (CD) production function. The result shows constant returns to scale. Labour input seems more influential in farm production, followed by manure, in the sample farms. The overall result shows that the IR between farm size and output per hectare is perhaps due to the result more of other inputs used by small farms rather than diseconomies of scale.
2007-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7638/1/MPRA_paper_7638.pdf
Thapa, Sridhar (2007): The relationship between farm size and productivity: empirical evidence from the Nepalese mid-hills.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8321
2019-10-23T04:58:21Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10306
2020-09-23T18:33:11Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10312
2019-09-26T11:11:09Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10312/
Challenges for Food Security in Eritrea -- A Descriptive and Qualitative Analysis
Rena, Ravinder
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
O55 - Africa
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Food security is about ensuring that all people at all times have both physical and economic access to the basic food they need. In a number of African countries chronic malnutrition and transitory food insecurity are pervasive. Like most African countries, Eritrea is also a victim of the problem of food insecurity. Based on this historical and recurrent food insecurity in Eritrea, an attempt is made in this paper to assess the possible causes of food insecurity in the country. Furthermore, the paper captures the available food security policy proposals of Eritrea and eventually draws conclusions and extends possible recommendations and policy remedies suited to the country.
2004-11-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10312/1/MPRA_paper_10312.pdf
Rena, Ravinder (2004): Challenges for Food Security in Eritrea -- A Descriptive and Qualitative Analysis. Published in: African Development Review , Vol. 17, No. 2 (18 September 2005): pp. 193-212.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10791
2019-09-27T09:37:20Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3433
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513134
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10791/
AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT AND FOOD SECURITY POLICY IN ERITREA - AN ANALYSIS
Rena, Ravinder
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q14 - Agricultural Finance
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
The main economic activity of the people of Eritrea is agriculture: crop production and livestock herding. Agriculture mainly comprises mixed farming and some commercial concessions. Most agriculture is rain-fed. The main rain-fed crops are sorghum, millet and sesame, and the main irrigated crops are all horticultural crops like bananas, onions and tomatoes and cotton. The major livestock production constraints are disease, water and feed shortages and agricultural expansion especially in the river frontages. The agricultural sector employs eighty percent of the working population, but its production has not managed to cover internal food demand and is forced to cover nearly 50 per cent of its annual cereal requirements through imports-commercial and food assistance. Like most African countries, Eritrea is also a victim of the problem of food insecurity. In good years the country produces only about 60 per cent of its total food needs and in poor years, it produces no more than 25 per cent. On average, once in 10 years, the country is threatened with famines.
Annual crop production depends on rainfall that is variable and unevenly distributed from year to year. Therefore, the primary goal of Eritrea is to guarantee food security by introducing modern technology, irrigation, terracing, soil and water conservation, with less dependence on rainwater. Thus the Government has articulated its food policy, which stresses national ownership of grant food assistance and to achieve food security in the coming five years. The policy indeed encompasses all sectoral policies and represents the Government’s engagements with regard to food security. Despite the general trends of improvement in the economy of Eritrea, it has not yet fully recovered, and thus will still continue to require variable degrees of food assistance for the coming few more years. Based on this historical and recurrent food insecurity in Eritrea, an attempt is made in this paper to assess the agriculture development and food policy in the country. Furthermore, the paper captures the available food security policy proposals of Eritrea and eventually draws conclusions.
2005-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10791/1/MPRA_paper_10791.pdf
Rena, Ravinder (2005): AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT AND FOOD SECURITY POLICY IN ERITREA - AN ANALYSIS. Published in: African Journal of Food Agriculture, Nutrition and Development(AJFAND) , Vol. 7, No. 5 (10 August 2007): pp. 1-17.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10838
2019-09-26T08:42:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513535
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10838/
Green revolution: Indian agricultural experience – a paradigm for Eritrea
Rena, Ravinder
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
Q55 - Technological Innovation
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
A10 - General
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Food problem became more severe after the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, presenting a series challenges to India’s agricultural sector. Even during good harvest years, food imports remain high. A large segment of people were poor. To mitigate these problems, India adopted farming strategies under the “Green Revolution” in the mid 1960s. The application of modern farming technology, introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds, increased use of fertilizers, development and expansion of irrigation systems, extension of credit and educational services to farmers. These activities resulted in a drastic increase of farm products leading India to achieve self-sufficiency in food within a short period of time. The “Green Revolution” has contributed to Indian agriculture tremendously and transformed India from a starving nation to a food exporter. The activities that comprise the “Green Revolution” are worth emulating in the Eritrean environment. This paper explores the impact of the “Green Revolution” on Indian agricultural production with the aim of drawing lessons for Eritrea to modernize its agriculture and subsequently solve its food insecurity problem. The Indian experience serves as a model for Eritrea to achieve self-sufficiency in food.
2003-02-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10838/2/MPRA_paper_10838.pdf
Rena, Ravinder (2003): Green revolution: Indian agricultural experience – a paradigm for Eritrea. Published in: Eritrean Studies Review , Vol. 4, No. 1 (5 June 2004): pp. 103-130.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11534
2013-02-11T10:21:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3531
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11534/
Wealth Distribution and the Provision of Public Goods: Evidence from the United States
Vollrath, Dietrich
N51 - U.S. ; Canada: Pre-1913
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
This paper examines the role of inequality in the
provision of public goods. County level data from the U.S. in 1890 provides comparable units of analysis operating with similar property tax systems, ensuring that we do not empirically confuse differences in tax systems with differences in public goods provision. Climatic data is used as an instrument for land inequality to provide identification of the effect of inequality. The results indicate that land inequality caused significantly lower
overall property tax rates. This effect is driven almost exclusively by the effect of land inequality on taxes related directly to schooling. In contrast, non-school funding was not significantly affected by inequality. While informative about the effect of land inequality on public goods provision, an examination of the details of the tax system suggests that these results should not necessarily
be taken as a rejection of median voter predictions.
2008-11-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11534/1/MPRA_paper_11534.pdf
Vollrath, Dietrich (2008): Wealth Distribution and the Provision of Public Goods: Evidence from the United States.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11948
2019-09-26T17:11:43Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11948/
Does size of operated area matter? Evidence from Malawi's agricultural production
Matchaya, Greenwell C.
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
The objective of this paper was to examine the relationship between farm size and agricultural productivity using data from Malawi. This paper has examined the relationship using ordinary least squares regression with heteroskedasticity consistent covariance matrix (HC3) standard errors having confirmed absence of endogeneity of farm size. The major finding is that, contrary to the findings of earlier studies which reported a positive relationship, there is strong evidence that probably the post market liberalization period (1990s) became characterized by an inverse farm size productivity relationship. This finding suggests that well-thought-after land and credit market interventions or land redistribution from the rich to the land poor households would possibly raise total output thorough productivity gains.
2007-12-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11948/1/MPRA_paper_11948.pdf
Matchaya, Greenwell C. (2007): Does size of operated area matter? Evidence from Malawi's agricultural production. Published in: International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development (IJARD) , Vol. 10, No. 2 (4 December 2007): pp. 114-125.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11963
2019-10-28T19:06:20Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12140
2019-10-21T01:56:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443138
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503531
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3530
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3330
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12140/
Comparision of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh
Herani, Gobind M.
D18 - Consumer Protection
R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
N30 - General, International, or Comparative
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This study is about comparison of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh, and eighth chapter of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. Demographic, social and economic conditions are compared with reference of primary and secondary data in detail. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of comparison so that valuable findings be drawn and recommendations made to policy maker for prosperity. On the completion of this comparative study it has been observed that: demographic condition shows that the growth of population is showing decreasing trend in 1998 as compared to the census of 1981, in both the areas of Thar and Barrage area. The Agro-based industries, in Barrage area of Sindh, are suitably developed. In this area irrigation is dependent on river Indus, but some times due to lack of rainfalls it suffers a little as happened during 1999-2000. But in terms of economy livestock in this area is constant due to availability of fodder. Thar lacks all these things. Tharparkar, with more rangeland, is much more suitable for livestock industry. Tharparkar requires further development of its livestock. Peoples need awareness about conservation of natural vegetation for their livestock.
2008-12-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12140/1/MPRA_paper_12140.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2008): Comparision of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12141
2019-10-02T06:46:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443138
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523133
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7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
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7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3330
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12141/
Agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh: Conclusion remarks
Herani, Gobind M.
D18 - Consumer Protection
R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
N30 - General, International, or Comparative
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This study is concluding the thesis about agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh, and ninth chapter of the Ph.D submitted in 2002. Demographic, social and economic conditions are compared and results of hypotheses are given theoretically with reference of primary and secondary data in detail. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of results of hypotheses and valuable findings. On the completion of this study it has been observed that both the given hypotheses are accepted. After the detailed study of the thesis it is concluded that: Thar at this time is disadvantaged district of Sindh province. It depends on rain and its reliable source of income is livestock. Agricultural crops are completely failed but Tharies like it. There is need of change crops to non-crops where ever it depends fully on rain. Fencing and reforming some acres of farmland at first time can save the natural vegetation, which is actual stock for fodder for present time and in long run too. It will give the fruits of non-crops and crops too. It also may prove honey farm at some level, if it is looked after and stocked.
2008-12-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12141/1/MPRA_paper_12141.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2008): Agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh: Conclusion remarks.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12143
2019-09-30T08:38:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443138
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503531
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3530
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3330
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12143/
Agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh: Solutions and suggested policy
Herani, Gobind M.
D18 - Consumer Protection
R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
N30 - General, International, or Comparative
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
In this study solutions and suggested policy of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh are given, and it is tenth chapter of the Ph.D submitted in 2002. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of solutions and recommendations. On the completion of this study and in the light of conclusions drawn it has been observed that to further develop agro-based industries in Thar and Barrage areas, it is necessary for the Government of Sindh to take steps for local organization and indigenous knowledge and leadership. The awareness of rangeland and livestock by the local organizations will help in the enhancement of all other agro-based industries. The development of agro-based industries in Thar will boost Sindh’s industrial economy. In order to alleviate poverty, it is also necessary that people be trained in the ways and means to develop their physical assets (land and livestock). In this way poverty will fall about 55 percent. For the development of Thar’s agro-based industries two formulas are suggested as bellow: A. Alleviation of poverty = Local Organizations + Livestock; B. Development of Thar = Local Organizations + Livestock + Roads + Electricity. For the achievement of purpose Proposed Immediate Measures, Medium and Long Term Measures should be taken.
2008-12-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12143/1/MPRA_paper_12143.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2008): Agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh: Solutions and suggested policy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12180
2019-10-24T17:54:11Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12200
2019-10-25T05:28:49Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12623
2019-09-26T11:38:07Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12623/
Challenges for Food Security in Eritrea -- A Descriptive and Qualitative Analysis
Rena, Ravinder
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
O55 - Africa
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Food security is about ensuring that all people at all times have both physical and economic access to the basic food they need. In a number of African countries chronic malnutrition and transitory food insecurity are pervasive. Like most African countries, Eritrea is also a victim of the problem of food insecurity. Based on this historical and recurrent food insecurity in Eritrea, an attempt is made in this paper to assess the possible causes of food insecurity in the country. Furthermore, the paper captures the available food security policy proposals of Eritrea and eventually draws conclusions and extends possible recommendations and policy remedies suited to the country.
2004-11-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12623/1/MPRA_paper_12623.pdf
Rena, Ravinder (2004): Challenges for Food Security in Eritrea -- A Descriptive and Qualitative Analysis. Published in: African Development Review , Vol. 17, No. 2 (18 September 2005): pp. 193-212.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13175
2019-09-26T19:10:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3433
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443032
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13175/
The new institutional economics and agricultural organization
Roumasset, James
O43 - Institutions and Growth
D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
The institutional economics if John Commons (1934) contained
two related objectives. The first was to explain the evolution of economics. The second was to analyze the effects of institutions on resource allocation and the distribution of income. The method of explaining the evolution of institutions was historical. In explaining
resource allocation, Commons used institutional considerations such as interest groups and bargaining power largely as an alternative to neoclassical economics.
Common’s brand of institutional economics has been practically extinct in the evolution of economic methodology. The reason for this is that historical explanations tend to be arbitrary and fail to identify alternative causes of change. At the time, “institutional”
explanations of economic events and patterns tend to be ad hoc and irrefutable A body of literature has now been developed from somewhat diverse sources, however, which may provide a new paradigm for achieving Common’s objectives. Without claim to originality, we call this paradigm the new institutional economics.
In explaining the existence and evolution of institutions, the new institutional economics uses conventional economic tools such as benefits, costs, and equilibrium. In explaining resource allocation and income distribution, the new approach uses institutions in conjunction with rather than as an alternative to neoclassical theory.
One of the primary concerns of the new institutional economics is explaining nonmarket resource allocation. This is an especially important area of research for helping to describe the organization of agriculture in developing countries. Since the cost of market operation is characterized by economies of scale, markets for agricultural products in isolated regions of developing countries are often poorly developed or nonexistent. Factors of production are often contracted for by nonmarket devices. Similarly, agricultural products are typically disposed of (e.g., for and by an individual household). It is therefore important for understanding the prospects
and potential for agricultural development to improve both our empirical and theoretical knowledge of these institutional arrangements.
The purpose of the present paper is to provide a methodology for investigating institutional arrangements in agriculture and to illustrate the methodology by explaining selected patterns in agricultural contracts. The paper is organized as follows. In section I, we review the literature which makes up the new institutional economics. By integrating and extending the literature, a new method for explaining the organization of production emerges. This methodology is developed and described in section II. In section III, certain stylized facts about agricultural organization are presented, developed and explained using the principles discussed in section II.
1978
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13175/1/MPRA_paper_13175.pdf
Roumasset, James (1978): The new institutional economics and agricultural organization. Published in: The Philippine Economic Journal , Vol. 17, No. 3 (1978): pp. 331-348.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13365
2019-09-28T09:43:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13365/
Access to land and rural poverty in developing countries: theory and evidence from Guatemala
Bandeira, Pablo
Sumpsi, Jose Maria
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
The lack of consensus on the social and economic impact from access to land continues to generate heated political and academic debates. The existing empirical literature does not consider possible opportunity costs, factors that can affect this impact and different time horizons. Toward solving this problem, this article elaborates a theoretical argument on the potential benefits, opportunity costs and asset accumulation dynamics that may derive from gaining access to or increasing the size of rural land in developing countries. Empirical tests of the argument and poverty reduction assessment are then carried out using household data from Guatemala. Finally, policy and future research implications are derived.
2009-01-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13365/1/MPRA_paper_13365.pdf
Bandeira, Pablo and Sumpsi, Jose Maria (2009): Access to land and rural poverty in developing countries: theory and evidence from Guatemala.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13648
2019-10-29T05:31:28Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14898
2019-09-26T12:18:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443032
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14898/
A theory of sharecropping: the role of price behavior and imperfect competition
Sen, Debapriya
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
This paper proposes a theory of sharecropping on the basis of price behavior in agriculture and imperfectly competitive nature of rural product markets. We consider a contractual setting between one landlord and one tenant with seasonal variation of price, where the tenant receives a low price for his output while the landlord can sell his output at a higher price by incurring a cost of storage. We consider two different classes of contracts: (i) tenancy contracts and (ii) crop-buying contracts. It is shown that sharecropping is the optimal form within tenancy contracts and it also dominates crop-buying contracts provided the price variation is not too large. Then we consider interlinked contracts that have both tenancy and crop-buying elements and show that there are multiple optimal interlinked contracts. Finally, proposing an equilibrium refinement that incorporates imperfect competition in the rural product market, it is shown that the unique contract that is robust to this refinement results in sharecropping.
2009-04-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14898/1/MPRA_paper_14898.pdf
Sen, Debapriya (2009): A theory of sharecropping: the role of price behavior and imperfect competition.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15492
2019-09-26T22:25:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443836
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
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7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3134
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513338
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443032
7375626A656374733D4B:4B30:4B3030
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
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7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
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7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513237
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15492/
Governing of Agro-Ecosystem Services
Bachev, Hrabrin
D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
Q28 - Government Policy
H41 - Public Goods
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks
Q38 - Government Policy
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
K00 - General
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q01 - Sustainable Development
P28 - Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
Q27 - Issues in International Trade
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
In this paper we incorporate interdisciplinary New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Behavioral and Political Sciences), and suggest a framework for analysis of mechanisms of governance of agro-ecosystem services. Firstly, we present a new approach for analysis and improvement of governance of agro-ecosystem services. It takes into account the role of specific institutional environment (formal and informal rules, distribution of rights, systems of enforcement); and behavioral characteristics of individual agents (preferences, bounded rationality, opportunism, risk aversion, trust); and transactions costs associated with ecosystem services and their critical factors (uncertainty, frequency, asset specificity, appropriability); and comparative efficiency of market, private, public and hybrid modes of governance. Secondly, we identify spectrum of market and private forms of governance of agro-ecosystem services (voluntary initiatives; market trade with eco-products and services; special contractual arrangements; collective actions; vertical integration), and evaluate their efficiency and potential. Next, we identify needs for public involvement in the governance of agro-ecosystem services, and assess comparative efficiency of alternative modes of public interventions (assistance, regulations, funding, taxing, provision, partnership, property right modernization).
Finally, we analyze structure and efficiency of governance of agro-ecosystems services in Zapadna Stara Planina – a mountainous region in North-West Bulgaria. Post-communist transition and EU integration has brought about significant changes in the state and governance of agro-ecosystems services. Newly evolved market, private and public governance has led to significant improvement of part of agro-ecosystems services introducing modern eco-standards and public support, enhancing environmental stewardship, desintensifying production, recovering landscape and traditional productions, diversifying quality, products, and services. At the same time, novel governance is associated with some new challenges such as unsustainable exploitation, lost biodiversity, land degradation, water and air contamination. What is more, implementation of EU common policies would have no desired impact on agro-ecosystem services unless special measures are taken to improve management of public programs, and extend public support to dominating small-scale and subsistence farms.
2009-05-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15492/1/MPRA_paper_15492.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2009): Governing of Agro-Ecosystem Services.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15947
2019-09-26T14:11:43Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3433
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15947/
Farming Management in Pakistan: Suggested Techniques
Herani, Gobind
Wasim, Mohammad Pervez
Rajar, Allah Wasayo
Shaikh, Riaz Ahmed
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Abstract: In this paper an attempt has been made to identify types of farming in deserted district Tharparkar, Pakistan and suggest the techniques for improvement. Study reveals that in Tharparkar farming is of three types: rain-fed agriculture (crops), livestock and use of rangeland (no-crops). Situation of rain-fed agriculture is very bad because of fluctuation in amount of rainfall year to year. Livestock is sustainable source of income generation and use of rangeland is also beneficial. Following techniques needs for its improvement: forecast of rain, quality of seed, methods of cultivation, financial support, market, electricity, export program, storage facilities, NGOs support, water facilities, awareness of education, roads, gas, cultivation of Kandi plant, and other indigenous and exotic plants, village organization, time to time research, reform of a farmland, rearing of livestock of better quality, and conservation of rangeland. The study concludes that livestock will be first level sustainable source of income; rangeland second and farmland third if suggested techniques are applied.
2007-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15947/1/MPRA_paper_15947.pdf
Herani, Gobind and Wasim, Mohammad Pervez and Rajar, Allah Wasayo and Shaikh, Riaz Ahmed (2007): Farming Management in Pakistan: Suggested Techniques. Published in: International Journal of Management Research and Technology , Vol. 1, No. 1(2):143-151 (December 2007): pp. 143-153.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15948
2019-09-29T17:51:35Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3437
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503238
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3131
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3231
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15948/
A Comparison of Demographic, Social and Economic Conditions of Tharparkar with Canal Barrage Area Sindh (1988-2000): An Introduction
Herani, Gobind M.
O47 - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth ; Aggregate Productivity ; Cross-Country Output Convergence
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
P28 - Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment
J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
This is study comparative study of Tharpakar with Barrage area Sindh and introductory chapter of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. In this chapter background of demographic, social and economic conditions are compared with each other. Purpose of the chapter was to give the complete picture of both areas for proper occlusions and recommendations for policy maker to get the Tharparkar better economically and socially. Mostly secondary data from reliable sources was given in this chapter. This study reveals that Thar is good only for livestock raiser and non-crops (Rangeland plantation). When we touch the educational side then we come to know that at the primary level education in barrage area is much better than Tharparkar. In Middle class and up to intermediate level education ratio of Tharparkar is much better than barrage area of Sindh province. At the graduate and postgraduate level barrage area is little higher in ratio than Tharparkar due to low facilities available in Tharparkar. The Minerals of Tharparkar may prove the better than barrage area. At the level of immediate measure for the development of Thar there is need of improvement of Rangeland, farmlands and races of livestock. The future of Thar is livestock with well-managed natural vegetation.
2002-04-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15948/1/MPRA_paper_15948.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2002): A Comparison of Demographic, Social and Economic Conditions of Tharparkar with Canal Barrage Area Sindh (1988-2000): An Introduction. Published in: An Agro-based Industry of Tharparkar with Canal Barrage Area, Sindh (1988-2000) Suggested Techniques Leading to An Industrial Economy , Vol. Chapte, No. Ph.D Thesis : pp. 1-50.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16064
2019-10-01T10:33:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443138
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503531
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3530
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3330
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16064/
Agro-based Industry of Tharparkar and Barrage Area of Sindh: Concluding Remarks
Herani, Gobind M.
D18 - Consumer Protection
R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
N30 - General, International, or Comparative
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This study is concluding the thesis about agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh, and ninth chapter of the Ph.D submitted in 2002. Demographic, social and economic conditions are compared and results of hypotheses are given theoretically with reference of primary and secondary data in detail. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of results of hypotheses and valuable findings. On the completion of this study it has been observed that both the given hypotheses are accepted. After the detailed study of the thesis it is concluded that: Thar at this time is disadvantaged district of Sindh province. It depends on rain and its reliable source of income is livestock. Agricultural crops are completely failed but Tharies like it. There is need of change crops to non-crops where ever it depends fully on rain. Fencing and reforming some acres of farmland at first time can save the natural vegetation, which is actual stock for fodder for present time and in long run too. It will give the fruits of non-crops and crops too. It also may prove honey farm at some level, if it is looked after and stocked.
2009-04-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16064/1/MPRA_paper_16064.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2009): Agro-based Industry of Tharparkar and Barrage Area of Sindh: Concluding Remarks. Published in: A comparative study of An Agro-Based Industry of Tharparkar with Canal Barrage Areas of Sindh (1988-2000) Suggested Techniques Leading to an Industrial Economy No. Ph.D Thesis
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16066
2019-09-26T21:11:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443138
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503531
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3530
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3330
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16066/
Agro-based Industry of Tharparkar and Barrage Area of Sindh: Solutions and Suggested Policy
Herani, Gobind M.
D18 - Consumer Protection
R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
N30 - General, International, or Comparative
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
In this study solutions and suggested policy of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh are given, and it is tenth chapter of the Ph.D submitted in 2002. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of solutions and recommendations. On the completion of this study and in the light of conclusions drawn it has been observed that to further develop agro-based industries in Thar and Barrage areas, it is necessary for the Government of Sindh to take steps for local organization and indigenous knowledge and leadership. The awareness of rangeland and livestock by the local organizations will help in the enhancement of all other agro-based industries. The development of agro-based industries in Thar will boost Sindh’s industrial economy. In order to alleviate poverty, it is also necessary that people be trained in the ways and means to develop their physical assets (land and livestock). In this way poverty will fall about 55 percent. For the development of Thar’s agro-based industries two formulas are suggested as bellow: A. Alleviation of poverty = Local Organizations + Livestock; B. Development of Thar = Local Organizations + Livestock + Roads + Electricity. For the achievement of purpose Proposed Immediate Measures, Medium and Long Term Measures should be taken.
2002
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16066/1/MPRA_paper_16066.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2002): Agro-based Industry of Tharparkar and Barrage Area of Sindh: Solutions and Suggested Policy. Published in: A comparative study of An Agro-Based Industry of Tharparkar with Canal Barrage Areas of Sindh (1988-2000) Suggested Techniques Leading to an Industrial Economy (2002): pp. 181-198.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16067
2019-09-29T11:49:24Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443138
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503531
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3530
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3330
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16067/
Agro-based Industry of Tharparkar and Barrage Area of Sindh: Concluding Remarks
Herani, Gobind M.
D18 - Consumer Protection
R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
N30 - General, International, or Comparative
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This study is concluding the thesis about agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh, and ninth chapter of the Ph.D submitted in 2002. Demographic, social and economic conditions are compared and results of hypotheses are given theoretically with reference of primary and secondary data in detail. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of results of hypotheses and valuable findings. On the completion of this study it has been observed that both the given hypotheses are accepted. After the detailed study of the thesis it is concluded that: Thar at this time is disadvantaged district of Sindh province. It depends on rain and its reliable source of income is livestock. Agricultural crops are completely failed but Tharies like it. There is need of change crops to non-crops where ever it depends fully on rain. Fencing and reforming some acres of farmland at first time can save the natural vegetation, which is actual stock for fodder for present time and in long run too. It will give the fruits of non-crops and crops too. It also may prove honey farm at some level, if it is looked after and stocked.
2002-04-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16067/1/MPRA_paper_16067.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2002): Agro-based Industry of Tharparkar and Barrage Area of Sindh: Concluding Remarks. Published in: A comparative study of An Agro-Based Industry of Tharparkar with Canal Barrage Areas of Sindh (1988-2000) Suggested Techniques Leading to an Industrial Economy No. Ph.D Thesis
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16073
2019-10-08T16:39:49Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443138
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443333
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503531
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483234
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443331
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3530
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3330
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16073/
Comparision of Agro-based Industry of Tharparkar and Barrage Area of Sindh
Herani, Gobind M.
D18 - Consumer Protection
R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
D33 - Factor Income Distribution
P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
N30 - General, International, or Comparative
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
This study is about comparison of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh, and eighth chapter of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. Demographic, social and economic conditions are compared with reference of primary and secondary data in detail. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of comparison so that valuable findings be drawn and recommendations made to policy maker for prosperity. On the completion of this comparative study it has been observed that: demographic condition shows that the growth of population is showing decreasing trend in 1998 as compared to the census of 1981, in both the areas of Thar and Barrage area. The Agro-based industries, in Barrage area of Sindh, are suitably developed. In this area irrigation is dependent on river Indus, but some times due to lack of rainfalls it suffers a little as happened during 1999-2000. But in terms of economy livestock in this area is constant due to availability of fodder. Thar lacks all these things. Tharparkar, with more rangeland, is much more suitable for livestock industry. Tharparkar requires further development of its livestock. Peoples need awareness about conservation of natural vegetation for their livestock.
2002-04-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16073/1/MPRA_paper_16073.pdf
Herani, Gobind M. (2002): Comparision of Agro-based Industry of Tharparkar and Barrage Area of Sindh. Published in: A comparative study of An Agro-Based Industry of Tharparkar with Canal Barrage Areas of Sindh (1988-2000) Suggested Techniques Leading to an Industrial Economy No. Ph.D Thesis Chapter-8. MPRA Paper : pp. 147-167.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16122
2019-09-27T20:00:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3433
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16122/
Farming Management in Pakistan: Suggested Techniques
Herani, Gobind
Wasim, Mohammad Pervez
Rajar, Allah Wasayo
Shaikh, Riaz Ahmed
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Abstract: In this paper an attempt has been made to identify types of farming in deserted district Tharparkar, Pakistan and suggest the techniques for improvement. Study reveals that in Tharparkar farming is of three types: rain-fed agriculture (crops), livestock and use of rangeland (no-crops). Situation of rain-fed agriculture is very bad because of fluctuation in amount of rainfall year to year. Livestock is sustainable source of income generation and use of rangeland is also beneficial. Following techniques needs for its improvement: forecast of rain, quality of seed, methods of cultivation, financial support, market, electricity, export program, storage facilities, NGOs support, water facilities, awareness of education, roads, gas, cultivation of Kandi plant, and other indigenous and exotic plants, village organization, time to time research, reform of a farmland, rearing of livestock of better quality, and conservation of rangeland. The study concludes that livestock will be first level sustainable source of income; rangeland second and farmland third if suggested techniques are applied.
2007-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16122/1/MPRA_paper_16122.pdf
Herani, Gobind and Wasim, Mohammad Pervez and Rajar, Allah Wasayo and Shaikh, Riaz Ahmed (2007): Farming Management in Pakistan: Suggested Techniques. Published in: International Journal of Management Research and Technology , Vol. 1, No. 2 (December 2007): pp. 143-153.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17146
2019-09-29T03:20:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17146/
Determinants of Food Security in Rural Areas of Pakistan
Khan, Rana Ejaz Ali
Gill, Abid Rashid
Q1 - Agriculture
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Abstract: Out of 120 districts of Pakistan (for rural areas) only 40 are food secure while 80 (67 percent) are food insecure. Within these food insecure districts, 38 (46 percent) are extremely food insecure. The matter of food security in rural areas is of immense nature and needs to be probed. A number of factors are responsible for the situation. The current paper examines the determinants of three aspects of food security in rural areas of Pakistan, i.e. food availability, accessibility and absorption. For the purpose a series of models is applied on district level data of rural areas of Pakistan. The production of wheat, rice, maize, pulses, oilseeds, poultry meat and fish at the district level is found to affect food availability positively. All the district except of Sindh are more probable to be food insecure in availability. In the food accessibility electrification and adult literacy emerged as the factors having negative effect. Child immunization, safe drinking water and number of hospitals have shown positive effect on food absorption.
2009-02-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17146/1/MPRA_paper_17146.pdf
Khan, Rana Ejaz Ali and Gill, Abid Rashid (2009): Determinants of Food Security in Rural Areas of Pakistan.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19021
2019-09-27T16:35:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443032
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19021/
A theory of sharecropping: the role of price behavior and imperfect competition
Sen, Debapriya
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
This paper proposes a theory of sharecropping on the basis of price behavior in agriculture and imperfectly competitive nature of rural product markets. We consider a
contractual setting between one landlord and one tenant with
seasonal variation of price, where the tenant receives a low price for his output while the landlord can sell his output at a higher price, and show the superiority of sharecropping over fixed rental contracts. Then we consider more general interlinked contracts to show that there are multiple optimal interlinked contracts. Finally, proposing an equilibrium refinement that incorporates imperfect competition in the rural product market, it is shown that the unique contract that is robust to this refinement results in sharecropping.
2009-12-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19021/1/MPRA_paper_19021.pdf
Sen, Debapriya (2009): A theory of sharecropping: the role of price behavior and imperfect competition.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20109
2019-09-28T16:45:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D45:4533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20109/
Land market responses to economic recession in Kerala
Kurup, Hari K K
Sumayya, B K
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
Land is a key factor for any economic activity. Land market transactions play an important role in the process of economic transformation and development. Conventionally land is considered as a factor of production. However, it is increasingly becoming a speculative asset. It is in this context that this paper examines the impact of economic slowdown in land market. The study is carried out in the nine villages under the jurisdiction of the sub registrar Office, Badiadka of Kasaragod district in Kerala. Data on 967 land transactions were gathered. The trends in land market indicators like size of area, number of sales and price of land are subjected for a detailed analysis. The study also made a comparative analysis of the timing of economic recession in different sectors. Only in stock market the reflections of economic crisis was felt much earlier than any other sector. This may be because of the fact that stock market is interlinked to global economic conditions. Within the domestic sectors, economic recession has been visible in the land market earlier than other sectors. This was reflected in all the key variables that were examined in relation to land. This may be because of the fact that land market transactions involve huge amount of investments and a higher level of risk. A close watch at the movements in key variables such as number of sales, area transacted and land prices would therefore help along way in shaping right policies to ward off economic fluctuations.
2009-06-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20109/1/MPRA_paper_20109.pdf
Kurup, Hari K K and Sumayya, B K (2009): Land market responses to economic recession in Kerala.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20264
2019-10-02T04:40:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3134
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3233
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3333
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B30
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443032
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3136
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20264/
Framework for Analysis of Agrarian Contracts
Bachev, Hrabrin
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
L23 - Organization of Production
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions ; Privatization ; Contracting Out
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
K0 - General
D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change ; Industrial Price Indices
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
Q14 - Agricultural Finance
This paper incorporates the interdisciplinary New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Behavioral and Political Sciences) and suggests a holistic framework for analysis of agrarian contracts. First, it specifies type and importance of different mechanisms of governance of agrarian activity. Second, it defines the essence, and classifies types and features of agrarian contracts. Next, it identifies technological, institutional, behavioral, dimensional, and transaction costs factors for contractual choice, and specifies effective modes for contractual arrangements in agriculture. Finally, it determines the effective boundaries and sustainability of farm and agrarian organizations.
2010-01-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20264/1/MPRA_paper_20264.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2010): Framework for Analysis of Agrarian Contracts.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21131
2019-10-08T02:55:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31
7375626A656374733D51:5131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21131/
Comprehensive Agricultural Development: Opportunities from the current economic crisis
Lin, Tun
O1 - Economic Development
Q1 - Agriculture
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q14 - Agricultural Finance
This paper explores how the People’s Republic of China (PRC) can turn the challenges posed by the current global economic crisis into opportunities for a more prosperous future. The paper proposes a one-time sharp increase of government investments in the country’s successful albeit constrained Comprehensive Agriculture Development Program (CAD). CAD, a well-established national program, is a natural instrument for raising the quality of life in the PRC’s countryside while expediting land reform and long-term food security.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21131/1/MPRA_paper_21131.pdf
Lin, Tun (2009): Comprehensive Agricultural Development: Opportunities from the current economic crisis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21770
2019-09-26T22:00:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443032
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21770/
Whose incentives? The evolution of inheritance practices, intergenerational conflict, and women’s control over land in rural Kenya
Linkow, Benjamin
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
O10 - General
D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
Land related investment decisions are shaped by both the formal and informal institutions governing land
tenure and acquisition. In the case of agricultural Kikuyu households in Kenya, we show that the
inheritance practice of uncertain allocation in conjunction with the principle of equal division among heirs
reduces long-term investments in land among potential heirs. This apparent inefficiency is explained by
intergenerational power dynamics within the household, as the inheritance practice allows parents to shift
the investment incentives facing heirs in their favor. This analytical framework is also used to illustrate
that despite legislation formalizing women’s rights to property, control over land continues to follow the
informal traditional patrilineal system in important ways.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21770/1/MPRA_paper_21770.pdf
Linkow, Benjamin (2010): Whose incentives? The evolution of inheritance practices, intergenerational conflict, and women’s control over land in rural Kenya.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22173
2019-09-26T15:04:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D41:4133:413330
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22173/
Production Possibilities in Catchment Areas Under Dharabi Dam in Chakwal
Khan, Muhammad Aamir
A30 - General
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Water is a limiting factor for sustainable agriculture in Barani (Arid). However, rainfall is the only source of water the spatial and temporal variation of which is very high. Therefore conservation and management of this source is vital for agriculture development and socio-economic uplift of the area. This study was, mainly, also devised to address land distribution problems and consequent farm productivity in the study area. Furthermore, level of land distribution disparities was focused on to observe its relationship with different on-farm and socio-economic indicators including gross margins, cropping intensity, crop intensity and crop diversity, income distribution disparities and institutional credit availability etc. All of the aforesaid indicators were also assessed for small, medium and large farm size categories. The farmers were divided into two main categories irrigated and rainfed farmers. Land was observed evenly distributed in irrigated area while land distribution was found most skewed in rainfed area. The performance of most of the indicators i.e. yield, gross margins, farm income, labour productivity, income distribution, cropping intensity and crop diversity was found better in irrigated as compared to rainfed. While marginal factor productivity, irrigation productivity and rate of institutional credit availability was higher in irrigated area. However, rainfed area was always least efficient with respect to all of the quantified indicators. The findings of the research are helpful for the farmers of the study area in decision making among different farm enterprises. Hence it can alleviate poverty and help to bring food security in the deprived regions.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22173/1/MPRA_paper_22173.pdf
Khan, Muhammad Aamir (2008): Production Possibilities in Catchment Areas Under Dharabi Dam in Chakwal.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22946
2019-10-05T05:16:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3535
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3534
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3134
7375626A656374733D4D:4D33:4D3331
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3233
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3333
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3132
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3433
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3531
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22946/
Study on Agrarian Contracts in Bulgaria
Bachev, Hrabrin
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
M55 - Labor Contracting Devices
J54 - Producer Cooperatives ; Labor Managed Firms ; Employee Ownership
L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks
M31 - Marketing
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
L23 - Organization of Production
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
J33 - Compensation Packages ; Payment Methods
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
K12 - Contract Law
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
M51 - Firm Employment Decisions ; Promotions
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
This paper suggests a holistic framework for analysis of agrarian contracts and investigates the contractual structure in transitional Bulgarian agriculture. Firstly, it incorporates the interdisciplinary New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Behavioral and Political Sciences) and describes major mechanisms of governance of agrarian activity – institutional environment, market competition, private, collective and public order; and defines features of agrarian sale-purchase, lease, employment, service, loan, insurance and coalition contracts; and identifies technological, institutional, behavioral, dimensional, and transaction costs factors for contractual choice and specifies effective modes for contractual arrangements in agriculture; and determines the effective boundaries and sustainability of farm and agrarian organizations. Secondly, it analyzes the post-communist institutional and organizational modernization of Bulgarian agriculture, and assesses the efficiency of various modes for governing of land supply, and labor supply, and service supply, and inputs supply, and finance supply, and insurance supply, and marketing of output in different type of farms.
2010-05-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22946/1/MPRA_paper_22946.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2010): Study on Agrarian Contracts in Bulgaria.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22958
2019-10-01T10:26:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513235
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513338
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513236
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513334
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22958/
Eco-governance in Bulgarian Agriculture
Bachev, Hrabrin
Q50 - General
Q28 - Government Policy
Q24 - Land
Q25 - Water
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Q38 - Government Policy
Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q58 - Government Policy
This paper presents the evolution of diverse modes of environmental management in Bulgarian agriculture, and assesses their efficiency and likely prospects of development. First, it analyzes the pace of development and the impact(s) on individual behavior of the major modes of environmental governance - institutional environment (distribution and enforcement of property, user, trading etc. rights and rules); private and collective modes (diverse private initiatives, and contractual and organizational arrangements); market modes (various decentralized initiatives governed by “free” market price movements and market competition); public modes (different forms of Government, community, international etc. intervention). Second, it assesses the impact(s) of dominating system of governance on the state of environment and identifies major eco-challenges, conflicts and risks – increased competition for natural resources, degradation and contamination of farmland, pollution of surface and ground waters, loss of biodiversity, deterioration of (agro)eco-systems services etc. Third, it projects likely evolution of environmental management in the specific “Bulgarian” economic, institutional and natural environment, and estimates its probable effect on environmental security, and suggests recommendations for institutional modernization and public policies improvement.
2010-05-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22958/1/MPRA_paper_22958.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2010): Eco-governance in Bulgarian Agriculture.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23394
2019-09-26T16:35:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23394/
Politics and Economics of Land Reform in the Philippines: a survey
Fuwa, Nobuhiko
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
The Philippines has long been known for its high inequality in distribution of wealth and income; unlike many of its Asian neighbors characterized by relatively less inequality by international standards, the Philippine economy has often been compared to Latin American countries which are characterized by high inequality in land distribution. Partly due to its historically high inequality there has long been intermittent incidence of peasant unrest and rural
insurgencies in the Philippines. As a result, the issue of land reform (or ‘agrarian reform’ as more commonly called in the Philippines, of which land reform constitutes the major part) has continuously been on political agenda at least since the early part of the 20th century; nevertheless land reform in the Philippines has been, and still is, an unfinished business.
Against such a historical background, the main objective of this essay is to synthesize a broad range of existing literature on the various aspects of land reform policies in the Philippine context as relevant for today’s policy makers. The paper is meant as a stock taking exercise
delineating what is known and what is not. We will pay attention to both political and economic issues arising from the land reform policies since both of these aspects are equally important for policy making. Furthermore, in our attempts to derive some lessons/implications for the current policy makers we will draw on both historical experiences in the Philippines and recent land reform experiences from other developing countries.
2000-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23394/1/MPRA_paper_23394.pdf
Fuwa, Nobuhiko (2000): Politics and Economics of Land Reform in the Philippines: a survey.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23639
2019-10-01T14:49:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23639/
The Productivity Impacts of de Jure and de Facto Land Rights
Bellemare, Marc F.
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
K11 - Property Law
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
There is an important literature on the causal relationship between the quality of institutions and macroeconomic performance. This paper studies this link at the micro level by looking at the productivity impacts of land rights. Whereas previous studies used proxies for soil quality and instruments to control for the endogeneity of land titles, the data used here include precise measures of soil quality, which allow controlling for both the heterogeneity between plots and the endogeneity of land titles. Results indicate that de jure rights (i.e., titles) have no impact on productivity and de facto rights have heterogeneous productivity impacts. Productivity is higher for plots on which landowners report having the right to plant trees, but lower for plots on which landowners report having the right to build a tomb and the right to lease out. Moreover, while the right to lease out increases both the likelihood that the landowner has the intention to seek a title for her plot and her willingness to pay to do so, whether her children will enjoy similar rights on the plot has the opposite effect.
2010-07-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23639/1/MPRA_paper_23639.pdf
Bellemare, Marc F. (2010): The Productivity Impacts of de Jure and de Facto Land Rights.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23640
2019-09-27T20:27:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443836
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23640/
Insecure Land Rights and Share Tenancy in Madagascar
Bellemare, Marc F.
D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
K11 - Property Law
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
While most studies looking at the consequences of tenurial insecurity on land markets in developing countries focus on the effects of tenurial insecurity on the investment behavior of landowners, this paper studies the hitherto unexplored relationship between tenurial insecurity and contract choice in land tenancy. Based on a distinct feature of the interaction between formal law and customary rights in Madagascar, this paper augments the canonical model of share tenancy by making the strength of the landlord’s property right increasing in the amount of risk she chooses to bear within the contract. Sharecropping may thus emerge as the optimal contract even when the tenant is risk-neutral. Using data on landlords’ subjective perceptions of tenurial insecurity in a rural area of Madagascar, empirical tests strongly support the hypothesis that insecure property rights drive contract choice while offering little support in favor of the canonical hypothesis that risk sharing considerations drive contract choice.
2010-07-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23640/1/MPRA_paper_23640.pdf
Bellemare, Marc F. (2010): Insecure Land Rights and Share Tenancy in Madagascar.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24011
2019-10-19T04:23:05Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24011/
Determinants of farm size expansion among eu farmers
Bartolini, Fabio
Sardonini, Laura
Viaggi, Davide
Q1 - Agriculture
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
This paper aims to identify the determinants of the intention to expand farm size under two different
policy scenarios 1) baseline, that implies the current Health Check policy, and 2) a NO-CAP
scenario, providing a full removing of all CAP payments. Results highlight that farm/farmer and
household characteristics such as age, amount of SFP and land size are determinants of farm size
expansion under baseline scenario. Otherwise, under NO-CAP scenario, farm specialisation and
organisational variables became significant in explaining the farm size expansion.
2010-04-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24011/1/MPRA_paper_24011.pdf
Bartolini, Fabio and Sardonini, Laura and Viaggi, Davide (2010): Determinants of farm size expansion among eu farmers. Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24535
2019-10-02T19:59:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513235
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513338
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24535/
Agricultural water management in Bulgaria
Bachev, Hrabrin
Q28 - Government Policy
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q25 - Water
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Q38 - Government Policy
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q58 - Government Policy
This paper analyzes evolution and efficiency of water governance in Bulgarian agriculture during post-communist transition and EU integration. First, it defines the water governance and the scope of analysis. Next, it presents the process of transformation of agricultural water governance embracing all mechanisms and modes – institutional environment, market, private, public, and hybrid. Third, it assesses impacts of newly evolved system of governance on efficiency and sustainability. Finally, it suggests recommendations for improvement of public policies.
2010-08-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24535/1/MPRA_paper_24535.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2010): Agricultural water management in Bulgaria.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25446
2019-09-28T04:34:07Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25446/
Land Reform in Brazil: the arrival of the market model
Lambais, Guilherme B. R.
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
In this work I will analyze past and current agrarian public policy concerning land redistribution in Brazil. Firstly, to understand the current land tenure situation the introduction will provide a description of the overall unequal land distribution. Secondly, a comparative analysis of the state-led land reform and the market-led land reform will establish the differences between the two approaches at light of land reform as a public policy tool. A historical review of the state-led land reform will be made, the results concerning reorganization of agricultural structure and the welfare of the peasants will be presented. Upon the market-based land reform analysis, a different interpretation of land tenure issues arises. The new interpretation in the political system will require a new role of the government in addressing these issues. An analysis on the organizational structure and welfare of the peasants will also be presented. The main results of this work is that the market-based land reform is failing to address the broad socio- economic issues at the macro level, although it is still a relatively new land policy approach and improvement is possible. Furthermore, the state-led land reform is also failing to address the macro level issues. In conclusion, both approaches fail in their main objective at the macro level and remain only as political tools each with different meanings and non-conflicting political spaces. However, at the micro level, the improvements in life quality of the rural poor justify the permanence of both land reforms.
2008-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25446/1/MPRA_paper_25446.pdf
Lambais, Guilherme B. R. (2008): Land Reform in Brazil: the arrival of the market model. Published in: Latin American Network Information Center Etext Collection , Vol. 28, No. ILASSA Student Conference on Latin America (February 2008): 1 -28.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25587
2019-09-26T17:06:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493330
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25587/
Agricultural Land Distribution in Vietnam: Emerging Issues and Policy Implications
Nguyen, Viet
McGrath, Tim
Pamela, White
I30 - General
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
This paper examines the current distribution of the agricultural land, the issues causing landlessness in Vietnam, assesses present governmental policies and methods and presents key options. The paper relies on the Vietnam Living Household Standard Survey (VHLSS) that were conducted by the General Statistics Office in 2002 and 2004, and qualitative evidence from other studies. It is found that land inequality is increasing. Poor households have small areas of agricultural land and aquacultural water surface, and their lands are also of low quality. Landless poor are dependent on low income and unstable income from labouring in agricultural production. Policies to assist the landless have had limited impact.
2006-03-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25587/1/MPRA_paper_25587.pdf
Nguyen, Viet and McGrath, Tim and Pamela, White (2006): Agricultural Land Distribution in Vietnam: Emerging Issues and Policy Implications.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25626
2019-09-28T03:41:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3235
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3134
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25626/
Competitiveness of Bulgarian farms
Bachev, Hrabrin
L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
Q10 - General
This paper suggests a holistic framework for assessing farm competitiveness, and analyses competitiveness of different type of Bulgarian farms. First, it present a new approach for assessing farm competitiveness defining farm competitiveness and its three criteria (efficiency, adaptability and sustainability), and identifying indicators for assessing the individual aspects and the overall competitiveness of farms. Next, it analyzes evolution and efficiency of farming organizations during post communist transition and EU integration in Bulgaria, and assesses levels and factors of farms competitiveness in the conditions of CAP implementation.
2010-09-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25626/1/MPRA_paper_25626.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2010): Competitiveness of Bulgarian farms.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25974
2019-09-29T04:49:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25974/
Rural development from a territorial perspective: lessons and potential in sub-Saharan Africa
Quan, Julian
Davis, Junior
Proctor, Felicity
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
The paper analyzes the lessons and potential poverty impacts involved in the application of approaches for building socially inclusive, decentralized and spatially accented approaches to rural (and rural-urban) economic development in South Africa and other experiences making a preliminary assessment of the transferability of LED / RTD approaches to other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa such as Mozambique, Zambia and Ghana. In each case the role of the drivers of change, the rural-urban linkages and the livelihood strategies of rural households are emphasized and the kind of social networks and alliances are also considered.
2006-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25974/1/MPRA_paper_25974.pdf
Quan, Julian and Davis, Junior and Proctor, Felicity (2006): Rural development from a territorial perspective: lessons and potential in sub-Saharan Africa.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25978
2019-09-26T13:21:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443836
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513338
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513236
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513230
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443231
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443032
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513235
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443033
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443734
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513334
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513237
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25978/
Agro-Ecosystem Services – Governance Needs and Efficiency
Bachev, Hrabrin
D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
Q28 - Government Policy
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
Q38 - Government Policy
Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q20 - General
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
Q24 - Land
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q25 - Water
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
D03 - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles
D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions
Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
Q27 - Issues in International Trade
Q58 - Government Policy
This paper incorporates the interdisciplinary New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics and suggests a holistic framework for analysis of management agro-ecosystem services. That new approach for analyses and assessment of management of agro-ecosystem services includes: definition of the agro-ecosystem services and the governance; specification of governance needs of agro-ecosystem services and the spectrum of available governing modes (formal and informal institutions, market, private, public and hybrid forms); assessment of efficiency of different modes of governance in terms of their potential to protect diverse eco-rights and investments, assure a socially desirable level of agro-ecosystem services, minimize overall costs, coordinate and stimulate eco-activities, meet individual and social preferences and reconcile conflicts of related agents etc.
2010-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25978/1/MPRA_paper_25978.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2010): Agro-Ecosystem Services – Governance Needs and Efficiency.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25979
2019-10-02T09:05:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443836
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483434
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3134
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3338
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3333
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3235
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443032
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443033
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25979/
Needs, Modes and Efficiency of Economic Organizations and Public Interventions in Agriculture
Bachev, Hrabrin
D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
H41 - Public Goods
H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
L38 - Public Policy
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions ; Privatization ; Contracting Out
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
D03 - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
There has been a fundamental development in theory and understanding of market, private, collective and public organizations in recent years. This paper incorporates achievements of the interdisciplinary New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Behavioral and Political Sciences) and suggests a framework for assessing the needs and efficiency of economic organizations and public interventions in agriculture.
Our new approach includes: study of farm and other agrarian organizations as a governing rather than production structure; assessment of comparative efficiency of alternative market, contract, internal, and hybrid modes of governance; analysis of level of transaction costs and their institutional (distribution and enforcement of de-facto rights between individuals, groups, organizations), behavioral (agents preferences, ability, bounded rationality, tendency for opportunism, risk aversion, trust), dimensional (frequency, uncertainty, assets specificity, and appropriability of transactions), natural, and technological factors; determination of effective horizontal and vertical boundaries of farms and other agrarian organizations; specification of the economic role of government and the needs for public interventions in agrarian sector; assessment of comparative of alternative forms of public involvement in agrarian sector (partnership, regulation, taxation, assistance, provision, in house organization, fundamental property rights modernization).
The paper provides new powerful tools for understanding the agrarian organizations and their efficiency, and for improvement of public policies, collective actions, farming and business strategies, and academic analyses in that important sector of social life.
2010-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25979/1/MPRA_paper_25979.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2010): Needs, Modes and Efficiency of Economic Organizations and Public Interventions in Agriculture.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30741
2019-10-08T04:41:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423532
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30741/
Reforma Agrária, Eficiência e Mudança Institutional no Campo: análise teórica e de fronteira estocástica com dados em painel (1998-2006)
Lambais, GBR
Silveira, JMFJ
Magalhães, MM
B52 - Institutional ; Evolutionary
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
C33 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
This work deals with land reform in Brazil through an evolutionary and new institutional economics theoretical framework. Firstly, this theoretical underpinning delineates the existence of an intrinsic relation between asset equality and economic efficiency, going against the neoclassical trade-off. From this relation it is established that the utilization of society’s productive forces depends directly on institutional structures and propriety relations. In this sense, the way land reallocations are done, through different land redistribution policies, affects directly the level of agricultural product. The product is dependent on the level of allocative and technical efficiency society is submitted to. However, albeit static effects, society is susceptible to dynamic effects of institutional change. Insofar we develop analytical schematics where land reform is related to rural institutional change. From this schematics we derive the hypothesis that the market based land reform executed in Brazil, as a way to redistribute assets supposedly with a governance structure, system of incentives and complementary institutions to the factor markets, there is a gain in systemic productive efficiency at the microeconomic level. To test this hypothesis we develop a stochastic frontier econometric model with time-varying technical inefficiency effects and panel data. We analyze 106 projects of the Cédula da Terra Program in the states of Bahia, Maranhão, North of Minas Gerais, Pernambuco and Ceará, for the years 2000 and 2006. We conclude that this land reform has partial success in establishing productive organizations that evolve constantly their efficiency, wherein learning-by-doing is fundamental. Additionally, the governance effects are limited – the structure was not devised for institutional change – effects of transaction costs and conventions remain, causing market failure and persistence of inefficient forms of organization.
2010-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30741/1/MPRA_paper_30741.pdf
Lambais, GBR and Silveira, JMFJ and Magalhães, MM (2010): Reforma Agrária, Eficiência e Mudança Institutional no Campo: análise teórica e de fronteira estocástica com dados em painel (1998-2006).
pt
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31614
2019-09-29T04:36:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31614/
Appraisal of land reform projects in the Northwest Province of South Africa
Kirsten, Johann
Machethe, Charles
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
The study entailed an audit of 177 land reform projects in Northwest Province to determine the extent to which the projects are meeting or not meeting the objective of commercial viability. A sample of 43 land reform projects was selected for a more detailed assessment and analysis using an evaluation instrument designed to gather both qualitative and quantitative data. These projects were divided into four categories based on their production
status as follows: projects where production has increased, decreased, remained stable, or zero.
The audit of land reform projects revealed the following:
· More than a quarter (27%)of the projects were not operational and, thus, do not meet the agrarian reform objective of commercial viability. Reasons for this include
conflict among and within groups, loss of interest from some of the beneficiaries, poor infrastructure and insufficient farm income. Farm infrastructure had either been vandalised or the quality thereof deteriorated on
50 of the 177 farms audited. No agricultural production had taken place on 30 of the audited projects. Of the 43 projects that were selected for in-depth appraisal, 19 had either decreased (10) or zero (9) production. Some of the reasons for this included:
· Lack of investment in, and improvements and maintenance of farm infrastructure.
· Limited access to funds to cover production costs.
· Poor decision-making and management of farming activities.
· Limited beneficiary involvement in farming activities.
· Lack of aftercare for beneficiaries.
· Limited farming advice and support.
· Limited farming experience of beneficiaries.
· Limited financial management skills.
2005-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31614/1/MPRA_paper_31614.pdf
Kirsten, Johann and Machethe, Charles (2005): Appraisal of land reform projects in the Northwest Province of South Africa.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31833
2019-09-26T08:45:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523134
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31833/
The end of plantation? Coffee and land inequality in early twentieth century São Paulo
Colistete, Renato P.
Lamounier, Maria Lucia
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
R14 - Land Use Patterns
N56 - Latin America ; Caribbean
This paper examines the concentration of land ownership in the leading coffee export region in the early twentieth century, the northeast area of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Critics of the so-called plantationist perspective have rejected the classic view that large estates shaped colonial and nineteenth century Brazilian economy and society, arguing instead for a major role of small and medium-sized landholdings. We describe the size distribution of landholdings and estimate alternative measures of land concentration based on a detailed agricultural census of the state of São Paulo. We find that, despite variation across municipalities, large farms and latifundia controlled most of the productive resources in northeast São Paulo, resulting in high levels of inequality when compared to those of other agrarian societies in the past. These results contrast with the view of the critics of classic historiography and suggest that the large estate and high concentration of wealth were remarkable features at least in the most important coffee region in Brazil during the early twentieth century.
2011-05-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31833/1/MPRA_paper_31833.pdf
Colistete, Renato P. and Lamounier, Maria Lucia (2011): The end of plantation? Coffee and land inequality in early twentieth century São Paulo.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31920
2019-09-30T16:16:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523134
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31920/
New facts for old debates: Farm size and productivity in US agriculture
Temel, Tugrul
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
R14 - Land Use Patterns
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
This study examines the relationship between farm size and productivity in U.S. agriculture during 1982-92. A nonparametric regression method is applied to detect ex-post geographical patterns in changes in farm size and productivity. The estimations show that (i) in 1982 productivity per acre was high in the East, West, and South, modest in the middle part of the U.S., and low in the North, and this pattern remained the same during 1987-92, while the level of productivity continously increased over time; (ii) during 1982-92 farm size remained unchanged, large farms in the middle belt stretching from North to South and small ones in the East, West and South; and �nally (iii) during 1982-92 an inverse relationship
grew stronger between farm size and productivity. Furthermore, with the application of Markov chains approach, we projected the above patterns into the future. The �ndings suggest: (i) farms are likely to experience ower productivity; (ii) small and large farms are likely to coexist as medium-sized farms to vanish; and (iii) the inverse relationship is likely to show a strong geographical pattern.
2011-06-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31920/1/MPRA_paper_31920.pdf
Temel, Tugrul (2011): New facts for old debates: Farm size and productivity in US agriculture.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31930
2019-09-29T04:33:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433231
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523134
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31930/
Are the U.S. farm wages equalizing? Markov chain approach
Temel, Tugrul
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
C21 - Cross-Sectional Models ; Spatial Models ; Treatment Effect Models ; Quantile Regressions
R14 - Land Use Patterns
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
This study investigates convergence in hired farm wages in U.S. counties over the period 1978-92. The time-invariant distribution of wages is characterized using Markov chains. This study is concerned with two questions: Are regional hired farm wages moving in the same direction? If so, are they consistent with the direction of the entire U.S. farm wages? Concerning with e¢ ciency in agricultural labor markets, the study approximates it to the extent that it is re�ected in farm wages. Time-invariant distributions of wages are calculated for the Northeast, Midwest, South, and West region, and for the entire U.S. The results support the hypothesis of convergence at regional level to lower-than-respective regional average wage. Convergence is the strongest in the Northeast and the weakest in the South. Likewise, convergence to lower-than-average wage is present at the U.S. level, but it is stronger than that at the regional level.
2011-06-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31930/1/MPRA_paper_31930.pdf
Temel, Tugrul (2011): Are the U.S. farm wages equalizing? Markov chain approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35192
2019-09-27T07:18:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35192/
Technical Efficiency and Optimal Farm Size in the Tajik's Cotton Sector
Tsimpo Nkengne, Clarence
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
The main objective of this paper is to estimate the technical efficiency of cotton farms in Tajikistan using a stochastic frontier production function, and to derive the optimal farm size. Currently, Tajikistan is reforming its cotton sector. This reform consists essentially of switching from a communist system with large state owned farms to a private system. This brings the question of what the optimal size of the new private farms should be. The study involved collection and analysis of data on 205 cotton farms from the Sughd province where cotton production is concentrated. The analysis suggests that an inverse relationship between productivity and farm size does not hold. The relationship between farm size and technical efficiency is more complex than what is normally believed.
2010-03-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35192/1/MPRA_paper_35192.pdf
Tsimpo Nkengne, Clarence (2010): Technical Efficiency and Optimal Farm Size in the Tajik's Cotton Sector.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35420
2019-09-28T04:45:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3431
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35420/
Weather, fertility, and land: land curse in economic development in a unified growth theory
He, Qichun
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
O53 - Asia including Middle East
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
We consider fertility choice and weather in analyzing the effect of farmland abundance in economic development. We find that quality-adjusted agricultural land abundance may confer a type of "resource curse", in that it prolongs the tenure of an economy in the Malthusian regime. This lends new insights to Unified Growth Theory (Galor, 2011) by elucidating a particular determinant of the differential timing of the transition from Malthusian stagnation to industrialization. Moreover, opposite to the Matsuyama (1992) model, good weather is found to be a blessing for a small open economy, while it is a curse for a closed economy.
2011-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35420/1/MPRA_paper_35420.pdf
He, Qichun (2011): Weather, fertility, and land: land curse in economic development in a unified growth theory.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35802
2019-10-01T19:42:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513235
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513338
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35802/
Assessing environmental management in agriculture
Bachev, Hrabrin
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
Q28 - Government Policy
Q24 - Land
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q25 - Water
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Q38 - Government Policy
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
This paper incorporates interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics and suggests a holistic framework for assessing the forms and efficiency of environmental management in agriculture. First, it defines environmental management as a specific system of social order regulating behaviour and relations of various agents related to natural environment, and environmental management in agriculture as eco-management associated with agricultural production. Second, it specifies spectrum of modes and mechanisms of eco-management comprising: institutional environment, market, private, collective, public and hybrid. Third, it suggests stages in analysis and improvement of environmental management in agriculture including: identification of problems, and risks associated with natural environment; assessment of efficiency of available and feasible modes, and specifying cases of market, private, and public failures; assessment of comparative efficiency of alternative modes for new public intervention and selection of the most efficient one(s). Forth, it classifies personal, institutional, technological, natural, and transaction costs factors of management choice. Finally, it builds a principle governance matrix with the most effective market, private, and public modes taking into account the critical dimensions of eco-activity and transactions (appropriability, assets specificity, uncertainty and frequency), and their potential to coordinate and stimulate eco-activities, meet preferences and reconcile conflicts of individuals, protect eco-rights and investments, overcome uncertainty and risk, assure socially desirable level of environmental protection, and minimize overall (implementing, third-party and transacting) costs.
2012-01-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35802/1/MPRA_paper_35802.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2012): Assessing environmental management in agriculture.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38621
2019-09-26T13:15:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D49:4933
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38621/
Access to land and other natural resources by the rural poor: the case of Bangladesh
Raihan, Selim
Fatehin, Sohani
Haque, Ifthekharul
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
Access to land refers to the ability to use land and other natural resources, to control the resources and to transfer the rights to the land and take advantage of other opportunities. Rural poor people depend on agriculture and related activities for their livelihoods, but the majority have limited access to land. This makes agriculture a difficult solution to poverty for people who have few assets and limited alternative ways of making an income. There are compelling reasons for ensuring that rural poor people have secure access to land. It makes possible greater agricultural productivity and food security, economic growth in rural areas, increased family incomes and more-sustainable land use. It also contributes to conflict prevention and helps reduce migration to urban centres. Access to land also empowers rural poor people, strengthens networks that give them a voice and contributes to a more participatory political culture. Access to land and land tenure security are at the heart of all rural societies and agricultural economies. Having land, controlling it and using it are critical dimensions of rural livelihoods, and determine rural wealth and rural poverty. Bangladesh is one of the low-income economies in the world, and poverty is a major challenge in the country. Despite the fact that, over the years, poverty in Bangladesh has been reduced, the extent and depth of poverty remain to be very acute in Bangladesh. In particular, rural poverty remains to be very high. Access to land has often been considered to be a major determinant of poverty in many developing countries. The objective of this research is to conduct a detailed in-depth country assessment and analysis of the land related issues in Bangladesh, addressing poor people's access to land and other natural resources, including common property resources, and tenurial security, particularly that of vulnerable and indigenous groups.
2009-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38621/1/MPRA_paper_38621.pdf
Raihan, Selim and Fatehin, Sohani and Haque, Ifthekharul (2009): Access to land and other natural resources by the rural poor: the case of Bangladesh.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39199
2019-09-29T04:37:28Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413133
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39199/
Protecting Sites of Special Scientific Interest: Intrinsic and Utilitarian Values
Spash, Clive L.
Simpson, Ian A.
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
H41 - Public Goods
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), originally introduced as Areas of Special Scientific Interest with the 1949 National Parks and Access to Countryside Act, provide the foundation for a major set of mechanisms protecting sites of high conservation value in Great Britain. The vast majority of these sites are in private ownership. The mechanisms by which SSSIs are protected from urban industrial development, which requires planning permission, and rural development (agriculture, forestry) which does not require planning permission, are contained within an assortment of legislation (listed separately in the references). This legislation reflects the piecemeal fashion in which SSSI protection has evolved. This paper gives an overall outline of the current mechanisms by which development can take place and the extent to which SSSIs are protected. In particular we concentrate upon the threat of potentially damaging operations arising from rural development. Two models of SSSI protection are proposed and contrasted with the current process. Our analysis pinpoints tension between intrinsic and utilitarian value systems as the reason for current unease with the existing procedures. On the basis of this analysis, possible improvements on the existing situation are advanced.
1992-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39199/1/MPRA_paper_39199.pdf
Spash, Clive L. and Simpson, Ian A. (1992): Protecting Sites of Special Scientific Interest: Intrinsic and Utilitarian Values. Published in: Journal of Environmental Management , Vol. 39, No. 3 (1993): pp. 213-227.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39278
2019-09-27T01:04:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3133
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3533
7375626A656374733D45:4531:453130
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3333
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39278/
How substitutable are fixed factors in production? evidence from pre-industrial England
Wilde, Joshua
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
N13 - Europe: Pre-1913
Q24 - Land
N53 - Europe: Pre-1913
E10 - General
N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
Whether fixed factors such as land constrain per-capita income growth depends crucially on two variables: the substitutability of fixed factors in production, and the extent to which innovation is biased towards land-saving technologies. This paper attempts to quantify both. Using the timing of plague epidemics as an instrument for labor supply, I estimate the elasticity of substitution between fixed and non-fixed factors in pre-industrial England to be significantly less than one. In addition, I find evidence that denser populations – and hence higher land scarcity – induced innovation towards land-saving technologies.
2012-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39278/2/MPRA_paper_39278.pdf
Wilde, Joshua (2012): How substitutable are fixed factors in production? evidence from pre-industrial England.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39318
2019-09-29T13:17:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39318/
Income inequality in rural Pakistan-sources and decompositions
Shams, Khadija
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
This paper analyses income inequalities in rural Pakistan. Using household survey data, we decompose income inequality according to its different sources. We calculate Gini coefficients and Theil indices both within and across
provinces and districts. A partial correlation analysis extends our descriptive investigation to reveal the different impacts of the various income sources on
overall income inequalities. The unique focus on rural areas and the more disaggregated (district level) approach permits more nuanced policy implications. We find that inequality between districts is higher than within districts. Non-farm and transfer income have the strongest impact on income inequality across districts both in economic and econometric terms. While the former source of income is inequality increasing, transfer income tends to reduce inequalities. Our results highlight in particular the need for factor mobility to facilitate transfer income.
2012-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39318/1/MPRA_paper_39318.pdf
Shams, Khadija (2012): Income inequality in rural Pakistan-sources and decompositions.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39794
2019-10-01T14:10:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39794/
Mismatch: land reallocations, recovery land rental and land rental market development in rural China
Che, Yi
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Drawing upon a unique farm survey in 2003, I find that in rural China, Full-scale Land Reallocation (FLR) are more likely to follow egalitarian rule and Partial-scale Land Reallocation (PLR) take productivity of households into consideration. Econometric evidences shows two main results. First, FLR have positive effect on household land rental behavior, possibly because egalitarian FLR create a mismatch between household agricultural ability and land size and after FLR households has to participate in land rental market to adjust the mismatch. Second, PLR have negative effect on household land rental behavior which supports that land reallocation and land rental market are substitutes (Brandt, Rozelle and Turner, 2004).
2009-08-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39794/1/MPRA_paper_39794.pdf
Che, Yi (2009): Mismatch: land reallocations, recovery land rental and land rental market development in rural China.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39844
2019-09-28T16:32:31Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3133
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3533
7375626A656374733D45:4531:453130
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3333
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39844/
How Substitutable are Fixed Factors in Production? Evidence from Pre-industrial England
Wilde, Joshua
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
N13 - Europe: Pre-1913
Q24 - Land
N53 - Europe: Pre-1913
E10 - General
N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
Whether fixed factors such as land constrain per-capita income growth depends crucially on two variables: the substitutability of fixed factors in production, and the extent to which innovation is biased towards land-saving technologies. This paper attempts to quantify both. Using the timing of plague epidemics as an instrument for labor supply, I estimate the elasticity of substitution between fixed and non-fixed factors in pre-industrial England to be significantly less than one. In addition, I find evidence that denser populations – and hence higher land scarcity – induced innovation towards land-saving technologies.
2012-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39844/1/MPRA_paper_39844.pdf
Wilde, Joshua (2012): How Substitutable are Fixed Factors in Production? Evidence from Pre-industrial England.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39998
2019-09-27T16:19:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513137
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453635
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453631
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39998/
"Agro, Ingreso Seguro" en perspectiva: Un análisis de políticas públicas
Mejía Cubillos, Javier
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
E61 - Policy Objectives ; Policy Designs and Consistency ; Policy Coordination
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
This paper aims to analyze, through the public policy approach, "Agro, Ingreso Seguro" -AIS-, key component of the Colombian agricultural policy of the late 2000s. Through this approach it is seen that AIS responded to real social problems and it was based on a set of guidelines used worldwide. Although the design and implementation of the program suffered from certain problems, the result indicators point it out as a relative success. AIS generated positive impacts on the competitiveness of the agricultural sector; no further progress in terms of employment and rural development were found.
2012-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39998/2/MPRA_paper_39998.pdf
Mejía Cubillos, Javier (2012): "Agro, Ingreso Seguro" en perspectiva: Un análisis de políticas públicas.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:40136
2019-10-08T11:19:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40136/
Framework for assessing efficiency of farms and agrarian organizations
Bachev, Hrabrin
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Broadly applied traditional frameworks for assessing efficiency of economic organizations in agriculture are (only) based on the “technical efficiency” of the factors of production and the “productivity of employed resources”. They compare the levels of efficiency of farms of different types, sectors, and countries without taking into account the transaction costs and the specific economic, institutional and natural environment of their development. At the same time, other agrarian organizations (contracts, associations, markets, public and hybrid forms) are not considered as alternative economic structures and are either ignored or studies separately.
This paper suggests a new approach for assessing efficiency of economic organizations and public intervention in agriculture incorporating achievements of the interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics. Presented new approach includes: studying out the farm and agrarian organizations as a governing rather than a production structure; assessment of the comparative efficiency of alternative market, contract, internal, and hybrid modes of governance on the base of their potential to minimise production and transaction costs and to maximise the production and transaction benefits; analysis of the level of transaction costs and their institutional (distribution of rights and obligations, and the systems of their enforcements), behavioural (preferences, bounded rationality and opportunism of individuals), dimensional (uncertainty, frequency, assets specificity and appropriability of activity/transactions), technological (non-separability, economies of scale and scope) and natural factors; and determination of adequate criteria of farm efficiency and its effective boundaries – the potential to increase productivity of resources with minimum transaction costs comparing to a practically possible alternative organisation.
The new approach is also used to precise the needs for public interventions (“the economic role of government”) in agrarian sector and to assess the comparative efficiency of alternative forms of public involvement. The analysis of socio-economic and natural environment and the transaction costs identifies a multiple cases of “market and private failures” associated with non-identified or badly assigned property rights, ineffective system of enforcement of absolute and contracted rights, high uncertainty and dependency of activity, low appropriability, needs for collective actions etc. which necessitate a third-party public intervention in market and private sectors. The individual forms of public involvement (institutional modernisation, assistance, regulation, taxation, hybrid or internal organisation) are with unequal efficiency in the specific environment of different countries, regions, and sectors, and the most efficient one(s) is/are to be selected with taking into account the total (direct, private, public, transaction, third-party etc.) costs and the contribution to the sustainable development. Nevertheless, “the public failure” is feasible and bad interventions, delayed, under or over-regulations, miss-management, corruption etc. are widespread and as a result the sustainable development of the sector is compromised.
2012-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40136/1/MPRA_paper_40136.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2012): Framework for assessing efficiency of farms and agrarian organizations.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:40248
2019-10-04T11:24:15Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443033
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433933
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40248/
More fair play in an ultimatum game after resettlement in Zimbabwe: A field experiment and a structural model
Kohler, Stefan
D03 - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
C93 - Field Experiments
Zimbabwean villagers of distinct background have resettled in government organized land reforms for more than three decades. Against this backdrop, I assess the level of social cohesion in some of the newly established communities by estimating average preferences for fairness in a structural model of bounded rationality. The estimations are based on behavioral data from an ultimatum game field experiment played by 234 randomly selected households in six traditional and 14 resettled villages almost two decades after resettlement. In two out of three distinct resettlement schemes studied, the resettled villagers exhibit significantly higher degrees of fairness ($p ≤ 0.11$) and rationality ($p ≤ 0.04$) than those who live in traditional villages. Overall, villagers are similarly rational ($p = 0.30$) but the attitude toward fairness is significantly stronger in resettled communities ($p ≤ 0.01$). These findings are consistent with the idea of a raised need for cooperation required in recommencement.
2012-07-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40248/2/MPRA_paper_40248.pdf
Kohler, Stefan (2012): More fair play in an ultimatum game after resettlement in Zimbabwe: A field experiment and a structural model. Published in: PLoS ONE , Vol. 5, No. 8 (2013): e64791.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:40437
2019-09-27T04:18:21Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B31:4B3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40437/
The Productivity Impacts of Formal and Informal Land Rights: Evidence from Madagascar
Bellemare, Marc F.
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
K11 - Property Law
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
This paper studies the relationship between land rights and agricultural productivity. Whereas previous studies used proxies for soil quality and instrumental variables to control for the endogeneity of land titles, the data used here include precise soil quality measurements, which in principle allow controlling for the unobserved heterogeneity between plots. Empirical results suggest that formal land rights (i.e., land titles) have no impact on productivity, but that informal land rights (i.e., landowners’ subjective perceptions of what they can and cannot do with their plots) have heterogeneous impacts on productivity.
2012-07-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40437/1/MPRA_paper_40437.pdf
Bellemare, Marc F. (2012): The Productivity Impacts of Formal and Informal Land Rights: Evidence from Madagascar. Forthcoming in: Land Economics
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:40830
2019-09-26T11:32:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40830/
Determinants of food security in rural areas of Pakistan
Khan, Rana Ejaz Ali
Azid, Toseef
Toseef, Mohammad Usama
Q1 - Agriculture
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Abstract: Out of 120 districts of Pakistan (for rural areas) only 40 are food secure while 80 (67 percent) are food insecure. Within these food insecure districts, 38 (46 percent) are extremely food insecure. The matter of food security in rural areas is of immense nature and needs to be probed. A number of factors are responsible for the situation. The current paper examines the determinants of three aspects of food security in rural areas of Pakistan, i.e. food availability, accessibility and absorption. For the purpose a series of models is applied on district level data of rural areas of Pakistan. The production of wheat, rice, maize, pulses, oilseeds, poultry meat and fish at the district level is found to affect food availability positively. All the district except of Sindh are more probable to be food insecure in availability. In the food accessibility electrification and adult literacy emerged as the factors having negative effect. Child immunization, safe drinking water and number of hospitals have shown positive effect on food absorption.
2009-02-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40830/1/MPRA_paper_40830.pdf
Khan, Rana Ejaz Ali and Azid, Toseef and Toseef, Mohammad Usama (2009): Determinants of food security in rural areas of Pakistan.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:43172
2019-09-27T04:47:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3335
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43172/
Non-Financial Hurdles for Human Capital Accumulation: Landownership in Korea under Japanese Rule
Jun, Bogang
I2 - Education and Research Institutions
N35 - Asia including Middle East
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
This paper suggests that inequality of landownership is a non-financial hurdle for human capital accumulation. It is the first to present evidence that inequality of landownership had an adverse effect on the level of public education in the Korean colonial period. Exploiting variations in inequality in land concentration across regions in Korea and accounting for unobserved heterogeneity across theses regions, using a fixed effect model, the analysis establishes a highly significant adverse effect of land inequality on education in Korea’s colonial period.
2012-12-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43172/1/MPRA_paper_43172.pdf
Jun, Bogang (2012): Non-Financial Hurdles for Human Capital Accumulation: Landownership in Korea under Japanese Rule.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:43793
2019-09-27T00:09:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513233
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43793/
Land inequality and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon
Albuquerque Sant'Anna, André
Q23 - Forestry
Q24 - Land
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the relationship between land inequality and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Therefore, it is developed an occupational choice model where an individual decides whether to become a farmer in an already established place or to move in search of economic opportunities and land to clear at the agricultural frontier. This model provides theoretical predictions that are tested empirically. Based on data from 515 municipalities, this paper estimates a Tobit model in order to test the theoretical predictions. Basically, it has been shown that there is little statistical evidence to support the existence of a direct relationship between land inequality and deforestation. Nevertheless, when one takes into account the effects of land inequality on deforestation through its interaction with credit and land reform policies, it can be shown that the pattern of land distribution, indeed, plays a role for deforestation. There is a positive relationship between credit and deforestation in more unequal places. Furthermore, this paper provides evidence that land reform in more unequal municipalities reduces deforestation. Hence, it is clear that there is a role for government to increase social welfare and reduce deforestation rates.
2012-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43793/1/MPRA_paper_43793.pdf
Albuquerque Sant'Anna, André (2012): Land inequality and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:43822
2019-09-30T17:26:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433235
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43822/
Joint Adoption of Safer Irrigation Technologies under Uncertainty: Evidence from Ghana
Owusu, Victor
Abdulai, Awudu
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions ; Probabilities
This paper examines joint adoption of safer irrigation technologies under uncertainty. The new irrigation technologies introduced in sub-Saharan Africa aim at ensuring safer vegetable production when untreated wastewater is used as irrigation water. The main
hypothesis tested is that profit and health-related uncertainties influence adoption of safer irrigation technologies. The study employed a cross-sectional data on urban and periurban vegetable farmers in Kumasi of Ghana and examines theoretically and empirically, these possible technology adoption uncertainties, and other relevant factors which influence farmers’ adoption decisions. The empirical results indicate that apart from household and farm characteristics, profit and health-related uncertainties influence adoption of irrigation technologies for safer vegetable production.
2009-05-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43822/1/MPRA_paper_43822.pdf
Owusu, Victor and Abdulai, Awudu (2009): Joint Adoption of Safer Irrigation Technologies under Uncertainty: Evidence from Ghana.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:43975
2019-09-28T11:39:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433933
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43975/
Framed field experiments with heterogeneous frame connotation
Ansink, Erik
Bouma, Jetske
H41 - Public Goods
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
C93 - Field Experiments
We study label framing effects in linear public goods games. By accounting for heterogeneous frame connotation, we can identify individual framing effects. We test for such effects in a field experiment on irrigation management in India. Using membership of the water users association as a proxy for frame connotation, we find a differential impact on contributions in the game. Members contribute relatively more under the irrigation frame than non-members as compared to an alternative, neutral, frame. We conclude that experimental behaviour is sensitive to framing at the individual level but that such individual effects may cancel out on average, which explains previous studies that find mixed or only weak effects of framing.
2013-01-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43975/1/MPRA_paper_43975.pdf
Ansink, Erik and Bouma, Jetske (2013): Framed field experiments with heterogeneous frame connotation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44295
2019-09-28T06:55:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443730
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433933
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44295/
Legitimacy and cooperation: A framed field experiment
Bouma, Jetske A.
Joy, K.J.
Paranjape, Suhas
Ansink, Erik
D70 - General
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
C93 - Field Experiments
Decentralization of irrigation management to local communities is often claimed to improve performance. The argument is that decentralization enhances the perceived legitimacy of irrigation management, which in turn increases the willingness of water users to cooperate and contribute to irrigation management. To test this hypothesis, we collected information about water users’ legitimacy perceptions in five villages alongside an irrigation channel in Maharashtra, India. In two of the villages, the irrigation department is in charge of irrigation management, while in the other three villages, this task has been decentralized to local water users associations (WUAs). To assess the impact of legitimacy perceptions on cooperation, we used survey-based indicators of perceived legitimacy to explain three outcomes, each of which partly reflects the willingness of water users to cooperate and contribute to irrigation management: (1) water users’ self-reported charge payments, (2) WUA-reported charge payments, and (3) water users’ behavior in a field experiment that was framed in terms of irrigation management. Our results show that legitimacy perceptions differ between the two types of villages as well as between WUA members and non-members, but these differences do not explain any of the three outcomes. Non-members contribute significantly less under the irrigation frame as compared to WUA members, but game behavior is not correlated with (self-reported or WUA-reported) charge payments. We conclude that decentralization of irrigation management may enhance legitimacy perceptions but this has no effect on the willingness of water users to contribute to irrigation management.
2013-02-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44295/1/MPRA_paper_44295.pdf
Bouma, Jetske A. and Joy, K.J. and Paranjape, Suhas and Ansink, Erik (2013): Legitimacy and cooperation: A framed field experiment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45593
2019-09-27T02:44:48Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45593/
Comparative Economics Of Users and Nonusers Of Dharabi Dam Pakistan
Khan, Muhammad Aamir
Mansoor, Bilal
Hanif, Aftab
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Water is a limiting factor for sustainable agriculture in Barani(Arid). However, rainfall is the only source of water the spatial and temporal variation of which is very high. Therefore conservation and management of this source is vital for agriculture development and socio-economic uplift of the area. This study was, mainly, also devised to address land distribution problems and consequent farm productivity in the study area. The farmers were divided into two main categories irrigated and rainfed farmers. The performance of most of the indicators i.e. yield, gross margins, farm income, labour productivity, income distribution, cropping intensity and crop diversity was found better in irrigated as compared to rainfed. While marginal factor productivity, irrigation productivity and rate of institutional credit availability was higher in irrigated area. However, rainfed area was always least efficient with respect to all of the quantified indicators. The findings of the research are helpful for the farmers of the study area in decision making among different farm enterprises. Hence it can alleviate poverty and help to bring food security in the deprived regions.
2009-09-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45593/1/MPRA_paper_45593.pdf
Khan, Muhammad Aamir and Mansoor, Bilal and Hanif, Aftab (2009): Comparative Economics Of Users and Nonusers Of Dharabi Dam Pakistan. Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:46368
2019-09-28T16:36:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513235
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513338
7375626A656374733D51:5135
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46368/
Natural resources conservation management and strategies in agriculture
Bachev, Hrabrin
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Q24 - Land
Q25 - Water
Q28 - Government Policy
Q38 - Government Policy
Q5 - Environmental Economics
Q50 - General
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
This paper suggests a holistic framework for assessment and improvement of management strategies for conservation of natural resources in agriculture. First, it incorporates an interdisciplinary approach (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Ecology, Technology, Behavioral and Political Sciences) and presents a modern framework for assessing environmental management and strategies in agriculture including: specification of specific “managerial needs” and spectrum of feasible governance modes (institutional environment; private, collective, market, and public modes) of natural resources conservation at different level of decision-making (individual, farm, eco-system, local, regional, national, transnational, and global); specification of critical socio-economic, natural, technological, behavioral etc. factors of managerial choice, and feasible spectrum of (private, collective, public, international) managerial strategies; assessment of efficiency of diverse management strategies in terms of their potential to protect diverse eco-rights and investments, assure socially desirable level of environmental protection and improvement, minimize overall (implementing, third-party, transaction etc.) costs, coordinate and stimulate eco-activities, meet preferences and reconcile conflicts of individuals etc. Second, it presents evolution and assesses the efficiency of diverse management forms and strategies for conservation of natural resources in Bulgarian agriculture during post-communist transformation and EU integration (institutional, market, private, and public), and evaluates the impacts of EU CAP on environmental sustainability of farms of different juridical type, size, specialization and location. Finally, it suggests recommendations for improvement of public policies, strategies and modes of intervention, and private and collective strategies and actions for effective environmental protection.
2013-04-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46368/1/MPRA_paper_46368.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2013): Natural resources conservation management and strategies in agriculture.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:46369
2023-09-02T05:49:01Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D41:4131
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
7375626A656374733D4D:4D32
7375626A656374733D51:5131
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46369/
Competitiveness of agro-food and environmental economy
Popescu, Gabriel
Istudor, Nicolae
Boboc, Dan
A1 - General Economics
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
M2 - Business Economics
Q1 - Agriculture
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
The main goal of the 'Competitiveness of agro-food and environmental economy’ (CAFEE`12), was to debate new ideas contained in scientifically research in the field of rural development, agro-food economy, agro-food system, ecological performance etc. carried out by academicians, scientists and professionals. The Conference was held in November, 8-10, 2012, to the Faculty of Agro-food and Environmental Economics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania.
The conference proceedings volume includes all the draft papers accepted and published in the proceedings of The 1st International Conference 'Competitiveness of agro-food and Environmental economy’ (CAFEE`12), organized by Faculty of Agro-Food and Environmental Economics and Research Center of Regional Analysis and Policies from The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, in partnership with Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, National Research Institute, Poland, St James's Business School(UK), University of Verona – Italy, Institute of Agricultural Economics- Serbia, Faculty of Agriculture Zemun- Serbia, Institute of Agricultural Economics, Romanian Academy, Institute of Research for Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences – Romania and Faculty of Economic Sciences, Petroleum and Gas University of Ploiesti Romania.
2012-11-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46369/1/MPRA_paper_46369.pdf
Popescu, Gabriel and Istudor, Nicolae and Boboc, Dan (2012): Competitiveness of agro-food and environmental economy. Forthcoming in: Proceedings of 1st International conference 'Competitiveness of agro-food and environmental economy’ No. 1 : pp. 1-552.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48443
2019-09-28T20:29:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513130
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48443/
On the Implications of Contract Farming on Agricultural and Rural Development in India : With Special Reference to Karanataka, India
Motkuri, Venkatanarayana
Veslawatha, Suresh Naik
Q10 - General
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
The present paper examines the rationale for the introduction of contract farming in Indian context and advantages and disadvantages it draws with reference to rural and agricultural development where particular emphasis is given to marginal and small farmers. It is also looking into what are the ideal market conditions necessary for the contract farming to be encouraged and to what extent state can have its regulatory mechanism to monitor and control the contract farming to the extent it benefits the farmers along with sponsoring companies. The study is narrowed down to a case study of Karnataka, which already launched the initiatives towards the contract farming.
2005-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48443/1/MPRA_paper_48443.pdf
Motkuri, Venkatanarayana and Veslawatha, Suresh Naik (2005): On the Implications of Contract Farming on Agricultural and Rural Development in India : With Special Reference to Karanataka, India.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48503
2019-09-28T01:28:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523533
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48503/
‘Jalayagnam’ to Quench the Thirst of Farmers for Irrigation in Andhra Pradesh: Wither Regional Disparities
Motkuri, Venkatanarayana
Salla, Satyanarayana
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis ; Public Investment and Capital Stock
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
The present paper made an attempt to bring out the scenario of the continuity in the historical legacy of regional disparities in Andhra Pradesh, especially in terms of irrigation infrastructure, even in the current policy initiatives. In the process it examines the facts and figure about the status of irrigation systems, potentials created and utilized capacities and the new policy initiative, ‘Jalayagnam’, undertaken in the state.
It is observed from the analysis that while the regional distribution in major and medium dams completed to the date indicates the predominance of Coastal Andhra region especially when one takes into account the irrigation potential created and in the case of the minor irrigation the Telangana region is overloaded with them where the region’s contribution is relatively the highest among the regions of Andhra Pradesh. In the recent policy initiatives in irrigation infrastructure development especially the project ‘Jalayagnam’, the region-wise number of projects that are proposed and the size (no of Acres) of Ayacut Development and the Estimated Cost in the completion of the projects undertaken in Andhra Pradesh, has shown that there is continuity in regional disparity in spite of the promises of regionally balanced development owing to the absence of unbiased planning while creating irrigation infrastructure in the state under the welfare maxim ‘equity’ where the most disadvantaged needs much more attention and is supposed to get the higher proportion allocation of funds.
2008-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48503/1/MPRA_paper_48503.pdf
Motkuri, Venkatanarayana and Salla, Satyanarayana (2008): ‘Jalayagnam’ to Quench the Thirst of Farmers for Irrigation in Andhra Pradesh: Wither Regional Disparities.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48570
2019-10-09T16:42:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513130
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513131
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48570/
Challenges Ahead of Ailing Indian Agriculture
Motkuri, Venkatanarayana
Q1 - Agriculture
Q10 - General
Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis ; Prices
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
This paper takes stock of the state of agriculture in India, brings out with the stylised facts, issues and emerging challenges related to agriculture sector and then makes an attempt to formulate policy measures for further growth of the Indian agriculture.
2012-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48570/1/MPRA_paper_48570.pdf
Motkuri, Venkatanarayana (2012): Challenges Ahead of Ailing Indian Agriculture.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49332
2019-09-26T16:29:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49332/
Conflicts and Development: A Case of Naxal Movement affected Warangal District in Andhra Pradesh
Motkuri, Venkatanarayana
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
The presented study examines the level and pattern of development in the conflict particularly Naxal afflicted areas/regions. A case of Warangal District in Andhra Pradesh which has been the most affected district in India by the Naxal movement and its violence, is considered for the study.
2012-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49332/1/MPRA_paper_49332.pdf
Motkuri, Venkatanarayana (2012): Conflicts and Development: A Case of Naxal Movement affected Warangal District in Andhra Pradesh.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49380
2019-09-26T21:19:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3332
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49380/
Conservation Agriculture: Innovations, Constraints and Strategies for Adoption
Meena, M.S.
Singh, K.M.
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
Untenable use of factors of production is causing severe land degradation and food insecurity problems especially in developing world. Land degradation threatens the ecosystem health and food security worldwide and will remain high priority on international agenda. Conservation agriculture (CA) innovations offer a new paradigm for agricultural research and development. While examining the total innovation-decision process, one can see how the farmers observe innovations (knowledge), relate to images and message within technological innovations (persuasion), formulate a want for item (decision), actively pursue the desire for item (implementation), and ultimately decide whether future uses of technologies / are desirable (confirmation). The adoption of CA innovations can be facilitated by locally identified and specially trained group leaders or by promoters. For the success, farmers will need to be in forefront for helping in identification, development and deployment of CA innovations. Developing and promoting RCT systems is highly demanding in terms of knowledge base. This will call for greatly enhanced capacity of scientists to address the prevailing problems / constraints from a systems perspective and be able to work in close partnerships with farmers and other stakeholders. There is also need to strengthen the knowledge and information-sharing mechanisms. Improvement in coordination amongst various stakeholders like research, extension service, farmers, service providers, agricultural machinery, and manufacturers for transfer of technologies will play a pivotal role in accelerating the Conservation Agriculture.
2013-08-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49380/1/MPRA_paper_49380.pdf
Meena, M.S. and Singh, K.M. (2013): Conservation Agriculture: Innovations, Constraints and Strategies for Adoption.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49462
2019-09-27T20:51:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513137
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D51:5132
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49462/
Fukushima nuclear disaster – implications for Japanese agriculture and food chains
Bachev, Hrabrin
Ito, Fusao
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
There are few publications on various impacts of Fukushima nuclear disaster on agri-food sector in Japan in English. Moreover, due to the scale of contamination and affected agents, impact’s multiplicities and evolution, spillovers, and long time horizon, and the lack of “full” information and models of analysis, the overall impacts of Fukushima disaster on agrarian and food sector is far from being completely evaluated. This paper tries to fill the gap and assesses diverse impacts of Fukushima nuclear disaster on Japanese agriculture and food chains. First, a framework of analysis is presented. Second, immediate and short-term radiation effects, and effects on nearby population, safety regulation and inspection system, markets and consumer’s behavior, agrarian and food products, and health, as well as economic impacts on farming and agri-businesses, are all assessed. Third, overall shorter and longer-term impacts on agriculture, food industries, and consumers in Fukushima region, neighboring regions, and other parts of Japan are estimated.
2013-09-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49462/1/MPRA_paper_49462.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin and Ito, Fusao (2013): Fukushima nuclear disaster – implications for Japanese agriculture and food chains.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49860
2019-09-26T09:30:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49860/
Land Access and Youth Livelihood Opportunities in Southern Ethiopia
Bezu, Sosina
Holden, Stein T.
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
This study aims to examine current land access and youth livelihood opportunities in Southern Ethiopia. Access to agricultural land is a constitutional right for rural residents of Ethiopia. We used survey data from the relatively land abundant districts of Oromia Region and from the land scarce districts of Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ (SNNP) Region. We found that youth in the rural south have limited potential to obtain agricultural land that can be a basis for viable livelihood. The law prohibits the purchase and sale of land in Ethiopia. We found that land access through allocation from authorities is virtually nonexistent while land that can be obtained from parents through inheritance or gift is too small to establish a meaningful livelihood. The land rental market has restrictions, including on the number of years land can be rented out. Perhaps as a result of limited land access, the youth have turned their back on agriculture. Our study shows that only nine percent of youth in these rural areas plan to pursue farming. The majority are planning non-agricultural livelihoods. We also found a significant rural-urban migration among the youth and especially in areas with severe agricultural land scarcity. Our econometric analyses show that youth from families with larger land holding are less likely to choose non-agricultural livelihood as well as less likely to migrate to urban areas. We suggest here some measures to improve rural livelihood such as creation of non-farm employment opportunities and improvement of land rental markets. We also argue that as a certain level of rural-urban migration is unavoidable, investigating youth migration is essential to design policies that help the migrating youth as well as the host communities.
2013-09-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49860/1/MPRA_paper_49860.pdf
Bezu, Sosina and Holden, Stein T. (2013): Land Access and Youth Livelihood Opportunities in Southern Ethiopia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:49871
2019-09-27T00:19:19Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49871/
Problems of Law Enforcement in Vietnam: The Case of Wastewater Management in Can Tho City
Nguyen, Thi Phuong Loan
K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
Q58 - Government Policy
In order to ensure the sustainable exploitation and use of water resources Vietnam has started to elaborate a legal framework of the water sector during recent years. This new legal framework includes a large set of regulations that deals with waste water management, including the treatment and disposal of waste waters from industries, agriculture and households. The protection of water resources, particularly with respect to water quality and the prevention of water pollution, is a crucial and serious issue due to the country’s rapid development and industrialization. Nevertheless, the quality of the current regulations (issued by both national and local levels) on water resources management in Vietnam does obviously not meet reality requirements. Furthermore, there is evidence that the enforcement of the national framework encounters various problems when it comes to the implementation by local governments.
In recent years, more than 300 legal documents required to implement the Law on Water Resources have been developed as secondary regulations to protect and use water resources in a sustainable manner in different legal aspects. Among these 300 legal documents, over 60 are related to wastewater and water pollution management. Moreover, at local level important regulations on water resources protection, particularly regulations on water pollution management have been developed to implement national regulations at sub-national scales of government. In Can Tho City, located in the Mekong Delta, 100 water-related legal documents have been issued by the People’s Committee of the city that claim creating a comprehensive legal system on water resources protection for the city’s jurisdiction.
By using Can Tho City as a case study, this paper intends to analyze contradictions and conflicts between the national and local regulations, specifically in the field of wastewater management. It will be discussed how the provincial government of Can Tho City enforces the national law on water resource management and how national regulations are interpreted and newly defined in the context of local governance. Furthermore, the study aims at contributing to the debate on how to create a comprehensive and coherent legal framework of the water sector at both national and local scale of government.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/49871/1/MPRA_paper_49871.pdf
Nguyen, Thi Phuong Loan (2010): Problems of Law Enforcement in Vietnam: The Case of Wastewater Management in Can Tho City. Published in:
en
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