2024-03-28T15:14:09Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:218
2019-09-26T11:32:11Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473133
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/218/
Optimal investment strategies in decentralized renewable power generation under uncertainty
Fleten, Stein-Erik
Maribu, Karl Magnus
Wangensteen, Ivar
G13 - Contingent Pricing ; Futures Pricing
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
This paper presents a method for evaluating investments in decentralized renewable power generation under price un certainty. The analysis is applicable for a client with an electricity load and a renewable resource that can be utilized for power generation. The investor has a deferrable opportunity to invest in one local power generating unit, with the objective to maximize the profits from the opportunity. Renewable electricity generation can serve local load when generation and load coincide in time, and surplus power can be exported to the grid. The problem is to find the price intervals and the capacity of the generator at which to invest. Results from a case with wind power generation for an office building suggests it is optimal to wait for higher prices than the net present value break-even price under price uncertainty, and that capacity choice can depend on the current market price and the price volatility. With low price volatility there can be more than one investment price interval for different units with intermediate waiting regions between them. High price volatility increases the value of the investment opportunity, and therefore makes it more attractive to postpone investment until larger units are profitable.
2005-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/218/1/MPRA_paper_218.pdf
Fleten, Stein-Erik and Maribu, Karl Magnus and Wangensteen, Ivar (2005): Optimal investment strategies in decentralized renewable power generation under uncertainty. Forthcoming in: Energy
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:412
2019-09-26T17:41:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513431
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35:4C3531
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3934
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35:4C3532
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3935
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3938
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513531
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/412/
The Implication of Incorporating Environmental Costs in Utility Rate Setting
Mariam, Yohannes
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
Q48 - Government Policy
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Q41 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
L51 - Economics of Regulation
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
L94 - Electric Utilities
L52 - Industrial Policy ; Sectoral Planning Methods
L95 - Gas Utilities ; Pipelines ; Water Utilities
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
L98 - Government Policy
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Electric and natural gas are the two major sources of energy for residents of Washington State. Several states have adopted a policy whereby utility companies decide on the choice of mixes of resources by incorporating cost effectiveness, conservation and externalities.
Externalities could include the direct and indirect environmental and human health cost of using resources such as electricity and gas that are not captured by market prices. Washington State possesses diverse resources that are susceptible to wastes and emissions originating from the consumption of energy. The impact of these wastes could be spatial, short-lived or cumulative. By most accounts the overall impact of pollution on ecosystems could be far-reaching and greater than the quantifiable and monetized impacts of environmental externalities. The need to account for environmental externality becomes even stronger in situations where inter-generational equity is used as a criterion for planning long term resource requirement.
Utility companies in Washington State are not required to explicitly incorporate or account for externality in the development and implementation of Integrated Resource Plan (IRP). IRPs are used by utility companies to facilitate the identification of the least-cost mixes of resources in the delivery of energy to their customers over a long planning horizon. In addition, there are no cases in which utility companies were ordered to incorporate costs of environmental externality in setting rates.
The present study is intended to show the implication of explicitly incorporating externality in rate setting on i) changes in the prices of energy or utility rates, and ii) its contribution toward reducing emissions of selected pollutants. The study will explore situations under which externality estimates from other studies could be utilized to develop energy policies. Furthermore, the study will discuss ways in which increases in costs of using energy as a result of accounting for externality may be shared or accounted.
2002-06-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/412/1/MPRA_paper_412.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes (2002): The Implication of Incorporating Environmental Costs in Utility Rate Setting.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:664
2019-10-06T04:23:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433531
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503132
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D43:4335
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/664/
Interrelationships and Causal Linkages Between Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors
Mariam, Yohannes
Barre, Mike
Urquhart, Lynda
DeCivita, Paul
Q48 - Government Policy
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
C13 - Estimation: General
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
P12 - Capitalist Enterprises
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
C5 - Econometric Modeling
The purpose of this study was to examine interrelationship and causal linkages between socioeconomic and environmental variables in OECD countries. To aid this study, a LISREL modelling tool was implemented.
The findings of the study indicated that gross public debt increases with deterioration in air quality in North America, Asia and the Pacific, Central, Eastern and Atlantic regions of Western Europe. Energy consumption contributes to deterioration of air quality in all regions. Economic growth, measured by growth in GDP, accelerates deterioration of air quality in all regions except in Southern and Eastern regions of Western Europe. Increases in energy consumption and economic growth contribute to declines in gross public debt in most OECD countries.
Spending for environmental protection contributes to reduced emission of CO2 in all regions of Europe except Asia/Pacific and North America. Expenditure for environmental protection causes increases in public debt in all regions. However, environmental expenditure exerts positive impact on economic growth in Asia/Pacific and Central Europe. Spending in environmental protection is associated with reduction in emissions of most pollutants except in North America and Asia/Pacific and Southern regions of Western Europe.
The findings also indicated that in regions where emission of SO2 is the greatest, harvesting of forests increased while fish catches declined. Emission of NOx is associated with increases in agricultural production in most regions, except in Southern and Atlantic regions of Western Europe and North America. Emission of VOCs contributed to reduction in agricultural production in most regions except in Central regions of Western Europe. In summary, economic growth tends to significantly contribute to energy consumption and deterioration of air quality. However, the later can be improved through aggressive spending in environmental protection. Therefore, it is imperative to identify a strategy that would balance economic growth and energy consumption with improved environmental quality
1997
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/664/1/MPRA_paper_664.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes and Barre, Mike and Urquhart, Lynda and DeCivita, Paul (1997): Interrelationships and Causal Linkages Between Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2388
2019-09-30T08:16:56Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C30
7375626A656374733D44:4434
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3934
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3732
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443839
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513331
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3133
7375626A656374733D43:4337
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C34:4C3432
7375626A656374733D52:5233:523332
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3134
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3130
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2388/
Cena węgla brunatnego jako wyznacznik podziału zysku w układach kopalń i elektrowni. Część III – Obliczenia cen i zysków dla hipotetycznych danych.
Jurdziak, Leszek
L0 - General
D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
L94 - Electric Utilities
L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
D89 - Other
Q31 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
C71 - Cooperative Games
L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
L42 - Vertical Restraints ; Resale Price Maintenance ; Quantity Discounts
R32 - Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
L14 - Transactional Relationships ; Contracts and Reputation ; Networks
C72 - Noncooperative Games
L10 - General
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
For the hypothetical deposit with parameters similar to KWB “Konin” S.A. conditions; lignite prices and proposed divisions are calculated and results were discussed under the angle of the fairness (equity) of the division and the possibility of their approval by both sides. A sensitivity analysis of shares of the mine in joint profits, the level of border prices outlining break-even points, lignite prices, the total profit and the profit of the mine for the price change of the energy, costs of the mine and the power station was carried. Results were discussed under the angle of correction of the division in the next period with taking into consideration the inflation, changes in prices of the energy and level of total costs of the mine and the power station and of the potential temptation of the change in the proportion of shares by increasing expenses. Lignite mines and power stations cooperating with them were invited for discussion about proposed divisions.
2006-11-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2388/1/MPRA_paper_2388.pdf
Jurdziak, Leszek (2006): Cena węgla brunatnego jako wyznacznik podziału zysku w układach kopalń i elektrowni. Część III – Obliczenia cen i zysków dla hipotetycznych danych. Published in: Górnictwo i geologia IX (Mining and geology IX) , Vol. Seria:, No. Prace Naukowe Instytutu Górnictwa Politechniki Wrocławskiej Nr 118 (Scientific Papers of the Institute of Mining of the Wroclaw Univ. of Technology No.118) (23 March 2007): pp. 69-80.
pl
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4066
2019-09-28T04:40:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513131
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4066/
The Feasibility of Further Ethanol Expansion
Gagnon, Jeffrey
Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis ; Prices
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Over the course of the last few years ethanol production has expanded at an incredible pace, putting strain on corn markets and transportation systems throughout the Midwest. Driven by the government subsidy and profit possibilities, firm entry rates have spiked. Previous to 2006-2007 the ethanol industry had been consuming feedstock dedicated to export, so little effect was felt by food markets. After 2007 ethanol’s demand for corn will begin to weigh on food markets as reduced supply drives up prices. Corn supply is fast becoming a binding constraint to the ethanol’s growth rate. The feasibility of its further expansion hinges upon the growth and technological advances of corn production, along with the ability of the industry to function profitably without the subsidy.
2007-06-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4066/1/MPRA_paper_4066.pdf
Gagnon, Jeffrey (2007): The Feasibility of Further Ethanol Expansion.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5151
2019-09-27T07:35:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513137
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5151/
The Welfare Economics of an Excise-Tax Exemption for Biofuels
de Gorter, Harry
Just, David R.
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
A general theory is developed to analyze the efficiency and income distribution effects of a biofuel consumer tax credit and the interaction effects with a price contingent farm subsidy. Using the U.S. ethanol market as a stylized example, ethanol prices rise above the gasoline price by the amount of the tax credit. Corn farmers therefore gain directly while gasoline consumers only gain from any reduction in world oil prices due to the extra ethanol production and domestic oil producers lose. Because increased ethanol production improves the terms of trade in both the export of corn and the import of oil, we determine the optimal tax credit and the conditions affecting it.
Historically, the intercept of the ethanol supply curve is above the gasoline price. Hence, part of the tax credit is redundant and represents ‘rectangular’ deadweight costs. The tax credit reduces the tax costs of price supports but incurs tax costs itself and increases consumer costs of corn. Price supports eliminate, create, have no effect or have an ambiguous effect on rectangular deadweight costs, depending on whether there is ex ante or ex post water in the tax credit. There are situations where ethanol production occurs only because of price supports.
A stylized empirical model of the U.S. corn market is calibrated to illustrate the welfare effects of a tax credit. Net social costs of the tax credit averaged $683 million. Rectangular deadweight costs averaged $1,056 mil., more than offsetting the improved terms of trade and reduced price contingent farm subsidies, and representing over 50 percent of the tax cost of the tax credit.
2007-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5151/1/MPRA_paper_5151.pdf
de Gorter, Harry and Just, David R. (2007): The Welfare Economics of an Excise-Tax Exemption for Biofuels.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5503
2019-09-27T10:01:51Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5504
2019-09-28T17:57:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513137
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5504/
The economics of U.S. ethanol import tariffs with a consumption mandate and tax credit
de Gorter, Harry
Just, David R.
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
This paper analyzes the impact of an ethanol import tariff in conjunction with a consumption mandate and tax credit. A tax credit alone acts as a subsidy to ethanol producers, equally benefiting exporters like Brazil. If an import tariff is imposed to offset the tax credit, world prices of ethanol decline by less than the tariff (unless oil prices are unaffected). Eliminating the tariff with a tax credit in place results in a significant gain to exporters like Brazil but eliminating the tax credit too reduces the initial benefits to Brazil of the tariff reduction substantially. The results change however if there is “water” in the tax credit. Then exporters benefit much more with the elimination of both the tariff and tax credit compared to a situation of both policies in place. If only a mandate was in place, exporters like Brazil again benefit as much as domestic ethanol producers do. Eliminating the tariff with a mandate results in an increase in domestic ethanol prices (even if oil prices do not change) because more domestic supply is required to maintain the mandate. The tariff therefore has a smaller negative impact on world ethanol prices with a mandate compared to a tax credit. A tax credit with a binding mandate is a subsidy to fuel consumers and only indirectly benefits
ethanol producers if ethanol prices increase due to increased demand for ethanol with the increase in fuel consumption). Therefore, eliminating the tax credit with a binding mandate has little effect on market prices of ethanol – domestic and foreign producers alike benefit very little with a tax credit in this situation. Brazil would much prefer the elimination of the tax credit and the so-called offsetting import tariff when a mandate is binding. Hence, the protective effects of an import tariff are not additive with either a tax credit or the price premium due to a mandate.
2007-10-24
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5504/1/MPRA_paper_5504.pdf
de Gorter, Harry and Just, David R. (2007): The economics of U.S. ethanol import tariffs with a consumption mandate and tax credit.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7355
2019-10-26T06:28:09Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7647
2019-09-28T04:34:47Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473133
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7647/
Optimal investment strategies in decentralized renewable power generation under uncertainty
Fleten, Stein-Erik
Maribu, Karl Magnus
Wangensteen, Ivar
G13 - Contingent Pricing ; Futures Pricing
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
This paper presents a method for evaluating investments in decentralized renewable power generation under price un certainty. The analysis is applicable for a client with an electricity load and a renewable resource that can be utilized for power generation. The investor has a deferrable opportunity to invest in one local power generating unit, with the objective to maximize the profits from the opportunity. Renewable electricity generation can serve local load when generation and load coincide in time, and surplus power can be exported to the grid. The problem is to find the price intervals and the capacity of the generator at which to invest. Results from a case with wind power generation for an office building suggests it is optimal to wait for higher prices than the net present value break-even price under price uncertainty, and that capacity choice can depend on the current market price and the price volatility. With low price volatility there can be more than one investment price interval for different units with intermediate waiting regions between them. High price volatility increases the value of the investment opportunity, and therefore makes it more attractive to postpone investment until larger units are profitable.
2005-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7647/1/MPRA_paper_7647.pdf
Fleten, Stein-Erik and Maribu, Karl Magnus and Wangensteen, Ivar (2005): Optimal investment strategies in decentralized renewable power generation under uncertainty. Published in: Energy , Vol. 32, No. 5 (May 2007): pp. 803-815.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:7649
2019-10-06T06:33:38Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10558
2019-09-28T04:43:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D41:4132:413230
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D43:4337
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10558/
Provision of renewable energy using green certificates: market power and price limits
Amundsen, Eirik S.
Nese, Gjermund
A20 - General
Q28 - Government Policy
Q48 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
We formulate an analytic equilibrium model for simultaneously functioning electricity market an a market for Green Certificates. The major focus of the paper is the effect of market power in a Green Certificate system. One of the main results is that the certificate system faced with market power basically may collapse into a system of feed in tariffs.
2002
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10558/1/MPRA_paper_10558.pdf
Amundsen, Eirik S. and Nese, Gjermund (2002): Provision of renewable energy using green certificates: market power and price limits.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10559
2019-09-27T16:53:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D43:4337
7375626A656374733D41:4132:413231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10559/
Market Power in Interactive Environmental and Energy Markets: The case of Green Certificates
Amundsen, Eirik S.
Nese, Gjermund
Q28 - Government Policy
Q48 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
A21 - Pre-college
Markets for environmental externalities are typically closely related to the markets causing such externalities, whereupon strategic interactions may result. Along these lines, the market for Green Certificates is strongly interwoven in the electricity market as the producers of green electricity are also suppliers of Green Certificates. In this paper, we formulate an analytic equilibrium model for simultaneously functioning electricity and Green Certificates markets, and focus on the role of market power. We consider two versions of a Nash-Cournot game; a standard Nash-Cournot game where the players treat the market for Green Certificates and the electricity market as separate markets; and a Nash-Cournot game with endogenous treatment of the interaction between the electricity and Green Certificates markets with conjectured responses. One result is that a certificate system faced with market power may collapse into a system of per unit subsidies, as the producers involved start to game on the joint functioning of markets.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10559/1/MPRA_paper_10559.pdf
Amundsen, Eirik S. and Nese, Gjermund (2004): Market Power in Interactive Environmental and Energy Markets: The case of Green Certificates.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10628
2019-09-26T20:19:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D43:4337
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10628/
Integratation of Tradable Green Certificate Markets: What can be expected?
Amundsen, Eirik S.
Nese, Gjermund
Q28 - Government Policy
Q48 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
Recently, many countries have introduced systems of tradable green certificates (TGCs) in order to increase the proportion of their electricity supply obtained from renewable sources. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the analytics of a TGC system of the Nordic type when integrated within several countries and to determine what can be expected from the system when applied in a real world setting. Both an analytical and a partial equilibrium version of the model are applied. In particular, we ask whether it is possible to derive analytically clear cut results with respect to how the system affects generation of electricity from renewable resources, and from carbon emitting resources, in the same way as it is possible for other known policy instruments such as an emission permit system or a plain carbon emission tax. A key result is that TGCs may be an imprecise instrument for regulating the generation of green electricity and that the combination of TGCs with a system of tradable emission permits may yield outcomes contrary to the intended purpose.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10628/1/MPRA_paper_10628.pdf
Amundsen, Eirik S. and Nese, Gjermund (2006): Integratation of Tradable Green Certificate Markets: What can be expected?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10772
2019-09-26T10:02:51Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10772/
Kvikt likan af vistvænum raforkumarkadi
Amundsen, Eirik S.
Baldursson, Fridrik M.
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
Q28 - Government Policy
Q48 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
There is concern that prices in a market for Green Certificates (GCs) primarily based on volatile wind power will fluctuate excessively, leading to corresponding volatility of electricity prices. Applying a rational expectations simulation model of competitive storage and speculation of GCs the paper shows that the introduction of banking of GCs may reduce price volatility considerably and lead to increased social surplus. Banking lowers average prices and is therefore not necessarily to the benefit of “green producers”. Proposed price bounds on GC-prices will reduce the importance of banking and even of the GC system itself.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10772/1/MPRA_paper_10772.pdf
Amundsen, Eirik S. and Baldursson, Fridrik M. (2003): Kvikt likan af vistvænum raforkumarkadi. Published in: Icelandic Journal of Science and Mathematics , Vol. 1, No. 2 (2003): pp. 1-9.
is
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12224
2019-09-27T09:41:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12224/
Asian Energy and Environmental Policy: Promoting Growth While Preserving the Environment
Zhang, ZhongXiang
Q48 - Government Policy
Q28 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
Q58 - Government Policy
Asia has truly experienced spectacular economic growth over the past 15 years. However, this economic progress has come at a high cost. It has led to unprecedented environmental consequences. The ecological footprint shows that, despite the fact that one-fifth of the population in Asia still lives on less than US$ 1 per day (PPP-adjusted), the region is already living beyond its ecological carrying capacity. The region is facing a dilemma. On the one hand, continued economic growth is needed to alleviate the poverty of the two-thirds of the world’s poor living in this region. On the other hand, that economic growth will further place tremendous strains on the natural environment.
In order to extricate itself from this difficult position, the region needs to shift the conventional pattern of “develop first and then treat the pollution” to a different trajectory of sustainable development. To that end, this paper examines a variety of policy responses at national, regional and international levels to deal with growing concerns about the environmental challenges in Asia in order to help to put the region on a more sustainable development path. In the context of national responses, special attention is paid to the following issues: coordination between the central and local governments, market-based environmental instruments and industrial policies, tougher emissions standards for mobile and stationary sources and for fuel quality, policies to promote energy efficiency and the use of clean energy and biofuels, the integration of environmental policies with economic and sectoral policies, and engagement of the private sector through e.g., ecolabelling, green government procurement, corporate ratings and disclosure programs, and drawing the support of financial institutions to promote improved corporate environmental performance. It is concluded that having the right policy mix, coupled with strengthened cooperation at national, local and regional levels, will ensure continuing economic growth in the region without compromising its limited ecological carrying capacity and environmental quality.
2008-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12224/2/MPRA_paper_12224.pdf
Zhang, ZhongXiang (2008): Asian Energy and Environmental Policy: Promoting Growth While Preserving the Environment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12276
2019-09-27T15:46:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12276/
Is it fair to treat China as a Christmas tree to hang everybody’s complaints? putting its own energy saving into perspective
Zhang, ZhongXiang
Q48 - Government Policy
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q58 - Government Policy
China has been the world’s second largest carbon emitter for years. Recent studies show that China had overtaken the U.S. as the world’s largest emitter in 2007. This has put China on the spotlight, just at a time when the world community starts negotiating a post-Kyoto climate regime under the Bali Roadmap. China seems to become such a Christmas tree on which everybody can hang his/her complaints. This paper will first discuss whether such a critics is fair by examining China’s own efforts towards energy saving, the widespread use of renewable energy and participation in clean development mechanism. Next, the paper puts carbon reductions of China’s unilateral actions into perspective by examining whether the estimated greenhouse gas emission reduction from meeting the country’s national energy saving goal is achieved from China’s unilateral actions or mainly with support from the clean development mechanism projects. Then the paper discusses how far developing country commitments can go in an immediate post-2012 climate regime, thus pointing out the direction and focus of future international climate negotiations. Finally, emphasizing that China needs to act as a large and responsible developing country and take due responsibilities and to set a good example to the majority of developing countries, the paper articulates what can be expected from China to illustrate that China can be a good partner in combating global climate change.
2008-10-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12276/1/MPRA_paper_12276.pdf
Zhang, ZhongXiang (2008): Is it fair to treat China as a Christmas tree to hang everybody’s complaints? putting its own energy saving into perspective.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12441
2019-09-27T00:45:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12441/
How far can developing country commitments go in an immediate post-2012 climate regime?
Zhang, ZhongXiang
Q48 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q58 - Government Policy
To point out the direction and focus of future international climate negotiations, this paper discusses how far developing country commitments can go in an immediate post-2012 climate regime. The paper argues that developing country commitments are most unlikely to go beyond the defined polices and measures in this timeframe. On this basis, the paper suggests that, rather than attempting the unrealistic goal, international climate negotiations may instead need to initially frame the post-2012 developing country participation in terms of certain policies and policies that I envisioned a decade ago. This conclusion does not change, as Barack Obama becomes the U.S. President and the Democrats have regained control of both U.S. House of Representatives and Senate. However, it should be emphasized that his stance on climate issues and how ambitious U.S. commitments would be under his administration are going to be critical for developing countries to take bold steps themselves and to even agree to reflect those national commitments in a global deal.
2008-10-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12441/1/MPRA_paper_12441.pdf
Zhang, ZhongXiang (2008): How far can developing country commitments go in an immediate post-2012 climate regime?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12451
2019-09-27T11:01:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12451/
How far can developing country commitments go in an immediate post-2012 climate regime?
Zhang, ZhongXiang
Q48 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q58 - Government Policy
To point out the direction and focus of future international climate negotiations, this paper discusses how far developing country commitments can go in an immediate post-2012 climate regime. The paper argues that developing country commitments are most unlikely to go beyond the defined polices and measures in this timeframe. On this basis, the paper suggests that, rather than attempting the unrealistic goal, international climate negotiations may instead need to initially frame the post-2012 developing country participation in terms of certain policies and policies that I envisioned a decade ago. This conclusion does not change, as Barack Obama becomes the U.S. President and the Democrats have regained control over both U.S. House of Representatives and Senate. However, it should be emphasized that his stance on climate issues and how ambitious U.S. commitments would be under his administration are going to be critical for developing countries to take bold steps themselves and to even agree to reflect those national commitments in a global deal.
2008-10-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12451/2/MPRA_paper_12451.pdf
Zhang, ZhongXiang (2008): How far can developing country commitments go in an immediate post-2012 climate regime?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12801
2019-10-02T11:47:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513535
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12801/
China, the United States and technology cooperation on climate control
Zhang, ZhongXiang
Q48 - Government Policy
Q28 - Government Policy
Q55 - Technological Innovation
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q58 - Government Policy
The U.S. and China are the world’s largest and second largest CO2 emitters, respectively, and to what extent the U.S. and China get involved in combating global climate change is extremely important both for lowering compliance costs of climate mitigation and adaptation and for moving international climate negotiations forward. While it is unavoidable that China will take on commitments at some specific point of time in the future, this paper has argued that the proposal for joint accession by the U.S. and China is not a way forward. For various reasons, such a proposal is in the U.S. interest, but is not in the interest of China. Given the U.S. political reality and institutional settings on the one hand and China’s over-riding concern about economic growth and poverty reduction on the other, the two countries are unlikely to take on emissions caps under an international regime, at least for the time being. Therefore, we need to explore the area where cooperation between the two countries to address climate change seems best. The research, development and deployment of clean technology is the area that is in the best interests of the two countries. The U.S. has adopted a technology-oriented approach to climate issues, and has launched the four multilateral initiatives on technology cooperation and the Asia Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate (APP). China has participated in all these U.S.-led initiatives, and is a partner to the APP. Strengthened technology cooperation between the two countries through these initiatives and the APP has led some tangible benefits. However, it should be pointed out that while technology is a critical ingredient in a climate policy package, efforts such as the APP can only be part of the solution. They alone cannot ensure that best available technologies are always deployed in the marketplace, and that new technologies will roll out at the pace and on the scale that we need. In order to have such technology-oriented approach to play a full role, we do need a coordinated policy framework agreed via the Kyoto Protocol or a follow-up regime or the parent United Nations Framework Convention.
2006-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12801/1/MPRA_paper_12801.pdf
Zhang, ZhongXiang (2006): China, the United States and technology cooperation on climate control.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12830
2019-09-27T08:45:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12830/
Reconstructing climate policy: how best to engage China and other developing countries?
Zhang, ZhongXiang
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
Q48 - Government Policy
Q28 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q58 - Government Policy
Duke University organized the International Conference on Reconstructing Climate Policy: Moving Beyond the Kyoto Impasse, May 2003. The organizer invited me to specifically address the following two issues at the conference: 1) Whether is the proposal for joint accession by the U.S. and China in the interest of China?, and 2) Even if participating a global cap-and-trade regime is so beneficial to China as many economic studies suggest, why has China consistently refused in international negotiations even to discuss its participation in it?. In this paper, we look at the first issue from the following perspectives: a) how does China value importance of maintaining unity of the Group of 77?; b) what lessons has China learned from bilateral negotiations with the U.S. to work out the terms for China to get accession to the WTO?; c) what is the legitimacy of the U.S. insistence that it re-joins the Kyoto Protocol only if major developing countries join?; d) what are implications of the U.S. strikingly reversed position on the commitments of developing countries in New Delhi for initiating discussions on joint accession by the U.S. and China?; and e) how would joint accession by the U.S. and China be perceived?. We then address the second issue from the following perspectives: a) from the point of view of fairness, how do developing countries including China and India perceive emissions caps in the first place?; b) why have China and India been sceptical to international emissions trading?; c) how is an inflow of CDM investment in China perceived politically in comparison with the exports of emissions permits to the U.S.?; d) what are the implications of “lock in” to emissions cap, in particular no rules and principles for setting emissions targets for the commitment periods subsequent to Kyoto?; e) how to address the complex undertaking of setting emissions caps for developing countries, which must be linked to future, unobserved levels in comparison with the historically observed levels for industrialized countries?. Finally, the paper touches on the likely path forward.
2003-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12830/1/MPRA_paper_12830.pdf
Zhang, ZhongXiang (2003): Reconstructing climate policy: how best to engage China and other developing countries?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12857
2019-09-28T02:02:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473133
7375626A656374733D51:5132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12857/
New renewable electricity capacity under uncertainty: The potential in Norway
Fleten, Stein-Erik
Ringen, Geir
Q28 - Government Policy
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
G13 - Contingent Pricing ; Futures Pricing
Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
Uncertainty affecting project values makes investors hesitate to build new capacity unless
profitability is significant. When analysing the potential for new renewable power system capacity in a
region, it is therefore necessary to properly capture both uncertainty effects and decision-making
behaviour of investors. Important stochastic factors typically include wholesale electricity prices and
certificate prices. We calculate trigger levels for the sum of these factors, and compare these with the
current long-term contract prices to estimate the potential for new renewable electricity capacity. We take
into account the cost and technical potential of small hydro and wind in Norway, the number of prenotifications,
concession applications and grants, and the capacity targets of subsidising governmental
bodies. With an electricity certificate policy target of 41 TWh per year of new renewables for Sweden and
Norway combined until 2016, we estimate that 12 TWh wind power and 6.2 TWh hydropower will be built
in Norway. Due to the option value of waiting, most of this capacity will come after 2010.
2009-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12857/1/MPRA_paper_12857.pdf
Fleten, Stein-Erik and Ringen, Geir (2009): New renewable electricity capacity under uncertainty: The potential in Norway.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13147
2019-09-27T02:17:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13147/
Towards an effective implementation of clean development mechanism projects in China
Zhang, ZhongXiang
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
Q48 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q58 - Government Policy
With the already huge and growing amount of greenhouse gas emissions and a great deal of low-cost abatement options available, China is widely expected as the world’s number one host country of clean development mechanism (CDM) projects. But, making this potential a reality represents a significant challenge for China, because there has been a general lack of awareness by both the Chinese government and business communities, clear institutional structure, and implementation strategy. This has raised great concern about China’s ability to compete internationally for CDM projects and exploit fully its CDM potential.
This paper aims to address how CDM projects will be effectively implemented in China by examining the major CDM capacity building projects in China with bilateral and multilateral donors, the treatment of low-cost, non-priority CDM projects, and how a system for application, approval and implementation of CDM projects is set up in China and what roles the main institutional actors are going to play in the system. We conclude that these capacity building assistances, the establishment of streamlined and transparent CDM procedures and sound governance, and the lessons learned and experience gained from the implementation of the CDM project in Inner Mongolia and the two Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF)’ projects will help China to take advantage of CDM opportunities. Moreover, in order to further capitalize on its CDM potential, there is a pressing need for the Chinese government to amend its current interim CDM regulations, in particular those controversial provisions on the eligibility to participate in CDM projects in China and the distribution of the revenues derived from CDM project between the project developer and the Chinese government. We believe that taking these capacity building projects and the recommended actions to clearly define the sustainable development objective of the CDM and disseminate CDM knowledge to local authorities and project developers as sectorally and geographically wide as possible, addressing those controversial CDM provisions with clearer guidance, and gaining experience from real practice will reduce the perceived project risks and lower the barriers to CDM project development in China. This is, in turn, likely to lead a much greater percentage of carbon credits to come from CDM projects in China over the next several years.
2004-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13147/1/MPRA_paper_13147.pdf
Zhang, ZhongXiang (2004): Towards an effective implementation of clean development mechanism projects in China.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13989
2019-09-26T08:15:28Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513332
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513431
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513231
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13989/
The urban component of the energy crisis
Pareto, Vittorio Emmanuel
Pareto, Marcos Pompeu
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
Q41 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q21 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
The spiral of higher oil prices that is occurring currently is mostly caused not by the lack of reserves, but by increasing demand on the existing supply. However, increase of supply would only temporarily attenuate the issue, as demand is expected to continue to soar and eventually outstrip the reserves of fossil fuels, which combined account of almost all our present energy sources. It is not that fossil fuels will disappear, but rather the certainty that they will become progressively scarcer and definitely more expensive as time goes by, has become an irreversible and well established trend.
The cost increase of a critical resource - energy - will force unforeseen changes in production and in distribution of goods, affecting the whole productive matrix - including employment. Not only new products and distribution systems based on higher energy costs will need to be conceived and implemented but especially the current reliance on fossil fuels - oil, gas and coal - will need to be replaced almost entirely by sustainable sources - an extraordinarily complex enterprise that should consume our efforts in the next 40 years.
Energy consumption will be further aggravated by the expected 2.3 billion population increase from now to 2050, which is expected to be almost entirely concentrated in the urban centres of Asia, Latin America and Africa. Since these additional urban spaces are still to be developed, urban development strategies that consider higher energy costs could effectively alleviate the transition period from fossil fuels to sustainable sources.
Rather than providing a recipe for urban planning, this paper stresses the need for further research to incorporate the energy cost component with the urban development context and the dissemination of information on this matter.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13989/1/MPRA_paper_13989.pdf
Pareto, Vittorio Emmanuel and Pareto, Marcos Pompeu (2008): The urban component of the energy crisis. Forthcoming in: Urbanistica No. 51 (2009)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14191
2019-09-27T02:51:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14191/
Is it fair to treat China as a Christmas tree to hang everybody’s complaints? Putting its own energy saving into perspective
Zhang, ZhongXiang
Q48 - Government Policy
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q58 - Government Policy
China had been the world’s second largest carbon emitter for years. Recent studies show that China had overtaken the U.S. as the world’s largest emitter in 2007. This has put China on the spotlight, just at a time when the world community starts negotiating a post-Kyoto climate regime under the Bali Roadmap. China seems to become such a Christmas tree on which everybody can hang his/her complaints. This paper first discusses whether such a critics is fair by examining China’s own efforts towards energy saving, the widespread use of renewable energy and participation in clean development mechanism. Next, the paper puts carbon reductions of China’s unilateral actions into perspective by examining whether the estimated greenhouse gas emission reduction from meeting the country’s national energy saving goal is achieved from China’s unilateral actions or mainly with support from the clean development mechanism projects. Then the paper discusses how far developing country commitments can go in an immediate post-2012 climate regime, thus pointing out the direction and focus of future international climate negotiations. Finally, emphasizing that China needs to act as a large and responsible developing country and take due responsibilities and to set a good example to the majority of developing countries, the paper articulates what can be expected from China to illustrate that China can be a good partner in combating global climate change.
2008-10-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14191/1/MPRA_paper_14191.pdf
Zhang, ZhongXiang (2008): Is it fair to treat China as a Christmas tree to hang everybody’s complaints? Putting its own energy saving into perspective.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14668
2019-09-27T13:07:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14668/
Ways to improve the design of the EU emissions trading scheme: key issues and answers
Zhang, ZhongXiang
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
Q48 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q58 - Government Policy
The Europe Union is about to lunch the world’s first greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme in history. This represents an enormous challenge because there is no previous experience with such an unprecedented scheme, and because its final outcome might shape the design of future environmental market-based policies as well as the political viability of future efforts towards emissions reductions. There are five basic issues that not only will shape the final design of the scheme but also might hinder the performance of such a scheme, if not effectively addressed. They include universal vs. reduced scope, member country vs. European-wide sector objectives and allocations, allocation methodology and base year choice, energy mix and national security, and incentives for technological innovation. This paper aims to address these key issues to help to shape the final design of the scheme in a positive manner.
2004-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14668/1/MPRA_paper_14668.pdf
Zhang, ZhongXiang (2004): Ways to improve the design of the EU emissions trading scheme: key issues and answers.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14795
2019-09-30T17:14:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453632
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523530
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513131
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483433
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483235
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483731
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14795/
Iowa’s Tax Incentive Programs Used by Biofuel Producers Tax Credits Program Evaluation Study
Jin, Zhong
Teahan, Brittany
E62 - Fiscal Policy
R50 - General
Q48 - Government Policy
Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis ; Prices
H43 - Project Evaluation ; Social Discount Rate
H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
Executive Summary: Iowa offers several tax incentive programs that have been utilized by biofuel producers. The tax credit programs include the Enterprise Zone Program (EZ), the New Jobs and Income Program (NJIP), the New Capital Investment Program (NCIP), and the High Quality Job Creation Program (HQJCP). The NJIP and NCIP were replaced by HQJCP on July 1, 2005, but claims under NJIP and NCIP contracts can still be made. The EZ, NJIP, and HQJCP allow biofuel producers to claim a ten percent Investment Tax Credit. The NCIP provides a five percent Investment Tax Credit. All four programs offer a sales and use tax refund and a supplemental Research Activities Tax Credit. The EZ and NJIP also provide a supplemental Iowa Industrial New Job Training Program (260E) withholding tax credit. All four programs were not established specifically to support the biofuel industry but rather to help the State of Iowa promote general business investments. The major findings of the study are:...
2009-03-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14795/1/MPRA_paper_14795.pdf
Jin, Zhong and Teahan, Brittany (2009): Iowa’s Tax Incentive Programs Used by Biofuel Producers Tax Credits Program Evaluation Study.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15056
2019-09-26T11:22:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15056/
Energy Demand in Pakistan: A Disaggregate Analysis
Arshad Khan, Muhammad
Ahmed, Usman
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
This study examines the demand for energy at disaggregate level (gas, electricity and coal) for Pakistan over the period 1972-2007. Over main results suggest that electricity and coal consumption responds positively to changes in real income per capita and negatively to changes in domestic price level. The gas consumption responds negatively to real income and price changes in the shortrun, however, in the long-run real income exerts positive effect on gas consumption, while domestic price remains insignificant. Furthermore, in the short-run the average elasticities of price and real income for gas consumption (in absolute terms) are greater than that of electricity and coal consumption. The differences in elasticities of each component of energy have significant policy implications for income and revenue generation.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15056/1/MPRA_paper_15056.pdf
Arshad Khan, Muhammad and Ahmed, Usman (2009): Energy Demand in Pakistan: A Disaggregate Analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15502
2019-09-29T05:27:38Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15502/
How to Proceed with Competing Alternative Energy Technologies: a Real Options Analysis
Siddiqui, Afzal
Fleten, Stein-Erik
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Concerns with CO2 emissions are creating incentives for the development and deployment of energy technologies that do not use fossil fuels. Indeed, such technologies would
provide tangible benefits in terms of avoided fossil-fuel costs, which are likely to increase as restrictions on CO2 emissions are imposed. However, there are a number of challenges that need to be overcome, and the current costs of developing new alternative energy technologies would be too high to be handled privately. We analyse how a government may proceed with a staged development of meeting electricity demand as fossil-fuel sources are being
phased out. A large-scale, new alternative technology is one possibility, where one would start a major research and development programme as an intermediate step. Alternatively, the government could choose to deploy an existing renewable energy technology, and using
the real options framework, we compare the two projects to provide policy implications on how one might proceed.
2008-02-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15502/1/MPRA_paper_15502.pdf
Siddiqui, Afzal and Fleten, Stein-Erik (2008): How to Proceed with Competing Alternative Energy Technologies: a Real Options Analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:15587
2019-09-26T10:28:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15587/
In what format and under what timeframe would China take on climate commitments? A roadmap to 2050
Zhang, ZhongXiang
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
Q48 - Government Policy
O53 - Asia including Middle East
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q58 - Government Policy
Given that China is already the world’s largest carbon emitter and its emissions continue to rise rapidly in line with its industrialization and urbanization, there is no disagreement that China eventually needs to take on binding greenhouse gas emissions caps. However, the key challenges are when that would occur and what credible interim targets China would need to take on during this transition period. This paper takes these challenges by mapping out the roadmap for China’s specific commitments towards 2050. Specifically, I suggest that China make credible quantified domestic commitments during the second commitment period, commit to voluntary no lose targets during the third commitment period, adopt binding carbon intensity targets during the fourth commitment period, and take on binding emissions caps starting the fifth commitment period and aimed for the global convergence of per capita emissions by 2050. These proposed commitments should be viewed as China’s political commitments, not necessarily China’s actual takings in the ongoing international climate change negotiations, in order to break the current political impasse between developed and developing countries. It is worthwhile China considering these political commitments either on its own or through a joint statement with U.S. and other major countries, provided that a number of conditions can be worked out. These commitments are principles, and still leave flexibility for China to work out details as international climate change negotiations move on. But in the meantime, they signal well ahead that China is seriously committed to addressing climate change issues, alleviate, if not completely remove, U.S. and other industrialized country’s concerns about when China would get in, an indication that the whole world has long awaited from China, help U.S. to take on long-expected emissions commitments, and thus pave the way for reaching an international climate agreement at Copenhagen.
2009-06-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15587/1/MPRA_paper_15587.pdf
Zhang, ZhongXiang (2009): In what format and under what timeframe would China take on climate commitments? A roadmap to 2050.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17136
2019-09-26T09:19:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3537
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3337
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D4E:4E37
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503238
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17136/
Solar PV rural electrification and energy-poverty: A review and conceptual framework with reference to Ghana
Obeng, George Yaw
Evers, Hans-Dieter
N57 - Africa ; Oceania
O55 - Africa
N37 - Africa ; Oceania
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
N7 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services
P28 - Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
In spite of the intention of governments to increase the use of renewable energy in electricity supply, particularly the use of solar photovoltaic (PV) for energy poverty reduction in rural and peri-urban areas of Africa, there is relatively little information on how solar PV electrification impacts on energy poverty reduction. Therefore, there is a gap in the literature and hence the need for continuous research. Using Ghana as a reference country, the historical trend, donor cooperation and other aspects of solar PV rural electrification are discussed . The paper illustrates the intersectoral linkages of solar PV electrification and indicators on education, health, information acquisition, agriculture and micro-enterprises. It also reviews sustainability related issues including costs and market barriers, subsidies, stakeholders involvement, political and policy implications, which are critical factors for sustainable market development of solar PV and other renewables. Finally, a common framework is developed to provide a basic understanding of how solar PV electrification impacts on energy-poverty. This framework provides a structure of the interrelated concepts and principles relevant to the issues under review.
2009-02-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17136/1/MPRA_paper_17136.pdf
Obeng, George Yaw and Evers, Hans-Dieter (2009): Solar PV rural electrification and energy-poverty: A review and conceptual framework with reference to Ghana. Published in: ZEF Working Paper Series No. 36 (2 February 2009): pp. 1-18.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19092
2019-09-27T01:53:11Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19092/
A Snapshot of Geothermal Energy Potential and Utilization in Turkey
Erdogdu, Erkan
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q4 - Energy
Turkey is one of the countries with significant potential in geothermal energy. It is estimated that if Turkey utilizes all of her geothermal potential, she can meet 14% of her total energy need (heat and electricity) from geothermal sources. Therefore, today geothermal energy is an attractive option in Turkey to replace fossil fuels. Besides, increase in negative effects of fossil fuels on the environment has forced many countries, including Turkey, to use renewable energy sources. Also, Turkey is an energy importing country; more than two-thirds of her energy requirement is supplied by imports. In this context, geothermal energy appears to be one of the most efficient and effective solutions for sustainable energy development and environmental pollution prevention in Turkey. Since geothermal energy will be used more and more in the future, its current potential, usage, and assessment in Turkey is the focus of the present study. The paper not only presents a review of the potential and utilization of the geothermal energy in Turkey but also provides some guidelines for policy makers.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19092/1/MPRA_paper_19092.pdf
Erdogdu, Erkan (2009): A Snapshot of Geothermal Energy Potential and Utilization in Turkey. Published in: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , Vol. 13, No. 9 (December 2009): pp. 2535-2543.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19096
2019-09-27T10:54:24Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19096/
On the Wind Energy in Turkey
Erdogdu, Erkan
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q4 - Energy
Increase in negative effects of fossil fuels on the environment has forced many countries, including Turkey, to use renewable energy sources. Today, clean, domestic and renewable energy is commonly accepted as the key for future life, not only for Turkey but also for the world. As wind energy is an alternative clean energy source compared to the fossil fuels that pollute the atmosphere, systems that convert wind energy to electricity have developed rapidly. Turkey is an energy importing country, more than half of the energy requirement has been supplied by imports. Turkey's domestic fossil fuel resources are extremely limited. In addition, Turkey's geographical location has several advantages for extensive use of wind power. In this context, renewable energy resources appear to be one of the most efficient and effective solutions for sustainable energy development and environmental pollution prevention in Turkey. Since wind energy will be used more and more in the future, its current potential, usage, and assessment in Turkey is the focus of the present study. The paper not only presents a review of the potential and utilization of the wind power in Turkey but also provides some guidelines for policy makers.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19096/1/MPRA_paper_19096.pdf
Erdogdu, Erkan (2009): On the Wind Energy in Turkey. Published in: Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews , Vol. 13, No. 6-7 (September 2009): pp. 1361-1371.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19097
2019-09-26T12:41:53Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19097/
An Expose of Bioenergy and its Potential and Utilization in Turkey
Erdogdu, Erkan
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q4 - Energy
Turkey is heavily dependent on expensive imported energy resources (oil, gas and coal) that place a big burden on the economy. Air pollution is also becoming a great environmental concern in the country. In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be one of the most efficient and effective solutions for clean and sustainable energy development in Turkey. Turkey's renewable sources are the second largest source for energy production after coal. About two-thirds of the renewable energy produced is obtained from bioenergy, which is used to meet a variety of energy needs, including generating electricity, heating homes, fueling vehicles and providing process heat for industrial facilities. The amount of usable bioenergy potential of Turkey is approximately 17 Mtoe. This article not only presents a review of the potential and utilization of the bioenergy in Turkey but also provides some guidelines for policy makers.
2008
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19097/1/MPRA_paper_19097.pdf
Erdogdu, Erkan (2008): An Expose of Bioenergy and its Potential and Utilization in Turkey. Published in: Energy Policy , Vol. 36, No. 6 (June 2008): pp. 2182-2190.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20986
2019-10-01T20:39:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135
7375626A656374733D48:4837
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20986/
Does Global Climate Policy Promote Low-Carbon Cities? Lessons Learnt From The CDM
Sippel, Maike
Michaelowa, Axel
Q5 - Environmental Economics
H7 - State and Local Government ; Intergovernmental Relations
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q4 - Energy
An increasing proportion of greenhouse gas emissions is produced in urban areas in industrializing and developing countries. Recent research shows that per capita emissions in cities like Bangkok, Cape Town or Shanghai have already reached the level of cities like London, New York or Toronto. Large parts of the building stock and service infrastructure in cities in rapidly developing countries is built in the coming decade or two. Decisions taken in this sector today may therefore lock in a high emissions path.
Based upon a survey of projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol, we find that only about 1% of CDM projects have been submitted by municipalities, mostly in the waste management sector. This low participation is probably due to a lack of technical know how to develop CDM projects and an absence of motivation due to the long project cycle and the limited “visibility” of the projects for the electorate. Projects in the buildings and transport sector are rare, mainly due to heavy methodological challenges. A case study of the city network ICLEI and its experience with cities’ participation in the CDM adds insights from the practitioner side.
We conclude that CDM reforms may make it easier for municipalities to engage in the CDM, and that new forms of cooperation between municipalities and project developers, potentially facilitated by ICLEI, are required to help to realize the urban CDM potential.
2009-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20986/1/MPRA_paper_20986.pdf
Sippel, Maike and Michaelowa, Axel (2009): Does Global Climate Policy Promote Low-Carbon Cities? Lessons Learnt From The CDM. Published in: CIS Workings Paper Series No. 49 (November 2009)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20987
2019-09-26T12:01:40Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135
7375626A656374733D48:4837
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20987/
What about local climate governance? A review of promise and problems
Sippel, Maike
Jenssen, Till
Q5 - Environmental Economics
H7 - State and Local Government ; Intergovernmental Relations
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q4 - Energy
A large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions is produced in urban areas, particularly in high income countries. Cities are also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, and particularly so in developing countries. Therefore, local climate policies for mitigation and adaptation have to play an important role in any effective global climate protection strategy.
Based upon a systematic literature review, this article gives a comprehensive overview of motivation and challenges for local climate governance. A large part of the literature focuses on mitigation and cities in industrialized countries. The review also includes the smaller and emerging body of literature on adaptation and cities in developing or industrializing countries.
Motivations and challenges we find fall into broad categories like ‘economic’, ‘informational’, ‘institutional’, ‘liveability’ or ‘political/cultural’. We conclude that the mix of motivation and challenges is city-specific, and that the national framework conditions are important. It matters, whether cities engage in mitigation or adaptation policies, whether they are located in developing, industrializing or industrialized countries, and at which stage of climate policy-making cities are. For many cities, cost savings are a primary motivation for local mitigation policies, while perceived vulnerability and a commitment to development is the primary motivator for adaptation policies. The collective action problem of climate protection (also known as ‘Tragedy of the Commons’) and inappropriate legal frameworks are key barriers to mitigation policies. Challenges for adaptation include financial constraints, and a lack of expertise, cooperation, leadership and political support. Understanding their specific motivation and challenges may support cities in developing appropriate local climate action plans. Furthermore, the understanding of motivation and challenges can inform other policy levels that want to help realize the local climate protection potential.
2009-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20987/1/MPRA_paper_20987.pdf
Sippel, Maike and Jenssen, Till (2009): What about local climate governance? A review of promise and problems. Published in: Social Science Research Network (November 2009)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21008
2019-09-27T12:51:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21008/
In what format and under what timeframe would China take on climate commitments? A roadmap to 2050
Zhang, ZhongXiang
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
Q48 - Government Policy
O53 - Asia including Middle East
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q58 - Government Policy
In what format and under what timeframe China would take on climate commitments is of significant relevance to China because it is facing great pressure both inside and outside international climate negotiations to exhibit greater ambition and is being confronted with the threats of trade measures. It is of significant global relevance as well because when China’s emissions peak is crucial to determine when global emissions would peak and because what China is going to do in what format has significant implications for the level and ambition of commitments from other countries.
In response to these concerns and to put China in a positive position, this paper maps out the roadmap for China’s specific climate commitments towards 2050. Taking many factors into consideration, the paper argues that China needs to take on absolute emissions caps around 2030. While this date is later than the time frame that the U.S. and other industrialized countries would like to see, it would probably still be too soon from China’s perspective. However, it is hard to imagine how China could apply the brakes so sharply as to switch from rapid emissions growth to immediate emissions cuts, without passing through several intermediate phases. To that end, the paper envisions that China needs the following three transitional periods of increasing climate obligations before taking on absolute emissions caps that will lead to the global convergence of per capita emissions by 2050: First, further credible energy-conservation commitments starting 2013 and aimed at cutting China’s carbon intensity by 45-50% by 2020; second, voluntary “no lose” emission targets starting 2018; and third, binding carbon intensity targets as its international commitment starting 2023. Overall, this proposal is a balanced reflection of respecting China’s rights to grow and recognizing China’s growing responsibility for increasing greenhouse gas emissions as China is approaching the world’s largest economy.
2009-06-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21008/1/MPRA_paper_21008.pdf
Zhang, ZhongXiang (2009): In what format and under what timeframe would China take on climate commitments? A roadmap to 2050.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22990
2019-09-28T02:13:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22990/
Assessing Ohio's Biomass Resources for Energy Potential Using GIS
Jeanty, P. Wilner
Warren, Dave
Hitzhusen, Fred
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
This recently completed AEDE study funded by Ohio DOD involves a geo-referenced inventory by county of Ohio biomass resources for energy. Categories include forest and crop residues, livestock manure, municipal solid waste and food processing waste. This is an update and expansion of an earlier (1982) inventory of biomass by Hitzhusen et al. It also disaggregates and expands a study by Walsh et al. in 2000 which ranked Ohio 11th among the 50 states in total biomass availability. By estimating and geo-referencing the sustainable quantities of various categories of biomass for energy by county, it is possible to identify the spatial concentrations of various biomass renewable energy feedstocks that may be economically viable for various processes for conversion. These conversion processes in turn have implications for environmental improvement and reduced dependence on foreign oil imports.
A better understanding of the technical and economic pros and cons of the most promising conversion processes will be required along with further data collection and refinements of this inventory (particularly the food processing waste subset) before detailed policy recommendations can be made. However, this study is hopefully a good start toward that goal and should provide direction and focus for future analysis and recommendations for a more renewable and sustainable energy and environmental future for Ohio.
2004-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22990/1/MPRA_paper_22990.pdf
Jeanty, P. Wilner and Warren, Dave and Hitzhusen, Fred (2004): Assessing Ohio's Biomass Resources for Energy Potential Using GIS.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:24987
2019-09-28T01:55:18Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24987/
Rural biomass energy 2020: People's Republic of China
Zhang, Qingfeng
Watanabe, Makiko
Lin, Tun
O1 - Economic Development
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q4 - Energy
The developing world is looking for effective, creative ideas for upscaling clean, renewable energy. No place
will gain more socially, economically, and environmentally from increased access to clean, reliable energy
than poor, rural areas. Biomass energy, produced from animal and crop wastes, is a sensible renewable
energy option for rural areas and it can be cost-effective at community and industry scales if guided
effectively by governments.
This publication explores the potential of biomass energy to close the urban–rural energy gap, raise
farmer incomes, and mend the environment in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Its findings are
instructive for other developing and medium-income countries exploring energy-for-all strategies. The
report examines the promises and limitations of leading biomass energy technologies and resources for
various distribution scales, including but not limited to household biogas digesters. The information is
based on lessons learned and experiences from the Asian Development Bank–financed Efficient Utilization
of Agricultural Wastes Project in the PRC, as well as findings and conclusions from a technical assistance
grant to assist the government draft a national strategy for developing rural biomass energy.
2010-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/24987/1/MPRA_paper_24987.pdf
Zhang, Qingfeng and Watanabe, Makiko and Lin, Tun (2010): Rural biomass energy 2020: People's Republic of China. Published in: (June 2010)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:25576
2019-10-05T08:42:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483537
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443632
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513535
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25576/
Adoption of a clean technology using a renewable energy
Ben Youssef, Slim
H57 - Procurement
D62 - Externalities
Q55 - Technological Innovation
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
We consider a monopolistic firm producing a good while polluting and using a fossil energy. This firm can adopt a clean technology by incurring an investment cost decreasing exponentially with the adoption date. This clean technology does not pollute and has a lower production cost because it uses a renewable energy. We determine the optimal adoption date for the firm in the cases where it is regulated at each period of time and when it is not regulated. Interestingly, the regulated firm adopts the clean technology earlier than what is socially-optimal. However, the non-regulated firm adopts later than what is socially desired. The regulator can compensate the regulated firm for the loss incurred if he wants that it delays its adoption date to the socially-optimal one. Nevertheless, the regulator may be interested in letting the firm adopts earlier to encourage the diffusion of the use of green technologies in other industries.
2010-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/25576/1/MPRA_paper_25576.pdf
Ben Youssef, Slim (2010): Adoption of a clean technology using a renewable energy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27438
2019-10-05T10:49:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513332
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27438/
Greenhouse gas emissions and the energy system: decomposition analysis and the environmental Kuznets curve
Borghesi, Simone
Vercelli, Alessandro
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
This paper discusses to what extent the recent trends in energy consumption and production are compatible with the requirements of sustainable development. For this purpose, starting from a simple identity applied to the energy sector, we use the decomposition analysis to derive a few analytical requirements for the long-term sustainability of the energy system and examine whether they are satisfied on the basis of the currently available data. From the analysis conducted in the paper, it emerges that an Environmental Kuznets Curve in energy intensity and/or carbon intensity may be insufficient to satisfy the sustainability conditions identified in the paper. Moreover, using simple graphical analysis, we show that the decomposition approach and the EKC imply two different relationships between per capita income (y) and carbon intensity (gy) and discuss the relative implications.
2010-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27438/1/MPRA_paper_27438.pdf
Borghesi, Simone and Vercelli, Alessandro (2010): Greenhouse gas emissions and the energy system: decomposition analysis and the environmental Kuznets curve.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31834
2019-09-27T10:50:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513431
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443431
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3934
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31834/
Wind power integration, negative prices and power system flexibility - An empirical analysis of extreme events in Germany
Nicolosi, S.
Q41 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
D41 - Perfect Competition
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
L94 - Electric Utilities
This article analyses the flexibility of the German power market with respect to the integration of an increasing share of electricity from renewable energy sources. Flexibility limiting system components, which cause negative prices are explained and illustrated for the German market. Then, the decision of the European Energy Exchange in Leipzig (EEX) to allow negative price bids is explained. Empirical data show the flexibility of conventional generating capacities in Germany during the considered time frame from October 2008 until November 2009. Of the 71 hours with negative spot prices, ten hours were significantly negative with prices of at least -100€/MWh. These extreme hours are analysed in greater detail by the examination of the different system components. Thereby, load, wind power infeed and conventional generation by fuel type are observed as well as the market for negative tertiary reserve as indicators for market tightness. It will be shown that although the market situations were severe, under current conditions it could have been much worse under certain circumstances. Furthermore, the long-run implications of an increasing RES-E share on the conventional generation capacity are discussed. The article concludes with an outlook on additional power system flexibility options.
2010-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31834/1/MPRA_paper_31834.pdf
Nicolosi, S. (2010): Wind power integration, negative prices and power system flexibility - An empirical analysis of extreme events in Germany.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31835
2019-09-26T10:51:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513431
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443431
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31835/
The impact of RES-E policy setting on integration effects - A detailed analysis of capacity expansion and dispatch results
Nicolosi, Marco
Q41 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
D41 - Perfect Competition
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
The operation of the power markets is strongly aected by the presence of high shares of electricity from renewable energy sources (RES-E) in the market. Especially in times of high RES-E infeed, rm market situations can lead to extreme results, even to negative power prices. The
behavior of RES-E in potential oversupply situations depends on the RES-E support scheme and in particular on the dened curtailment rules. By now, dierent curtailment rules have not been taken into account in long-run capacity expansion analyses. The present research investigates the
impact of curtailment rules on the operation and the investment decisions through the utilization of "The High Temporal Resolution Electricity Market Analysis Model" (THEA) for the German power market under consideration of the neighboring countries. In general the results show that
RES-E can provide exibility to the system if low burdens for curtailment are applied. This comes with the cost of lacking market signals which could trigger investments in
exible generation capacities. However, if RES-E are forced into the market at any cost, the burden for consumers
increases and the market signals high demand for alternative
exibilities.
2011-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31835/1/MPRA_paper_31835.pdf
Nicolosi, Marco (2011): The impact of RES-E policy setting on integration effects - A detailed analysis of capacity expansion and dispatch results.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:31878
2013-02-11T12:06:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31878/
The roles and potentials of renewable energy in less-developed economies
Nepal, Rabindra
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q01 - Sustainable Development
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
Increasing the renewable energy share in national energy mix remains one of the major energy policy goals across many economies. This paper assesses the roles and potentials of renewable energy sources in less-developed economies while citing Nepal as an example. Renewable energy has a significant role to play in the electrification of rural areas in developing economies and contribute towards sustainable development. Realizing full potentials of renewable, however, requires addressing both the associated demand-side and supply–side constraints. Innovative subsidies and tax incentives, adequate entrepreneurial support, strengthening institutional arrangement and promoting local community-based organizations such as the cooperatives are the necessary factors in promoting the green technologies in countries like Nepal. International factors such as large scale investment and adequate technology transfer are equally crucial to create a rapid spread and increase affordability of decentralised renewable energy technologies in less-developed economies.
2011-06-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/31878/1/MPRA_paper_31878.pdf
Nepal, Rabindra (2011): The roles and potentials of renewable energy in less-developed economies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32050
2019-09-28T04:49:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513332
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513338
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
7375626A656374733D41:4132:413230
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433730
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32050/
Economics and Theoretical Physics
Punabantu, Siize
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
Q38 - Government Policy
B40 - General
A20 - General
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q40 - General
C70 - General
A10 - General
The recent earthquake in Japan and its impact on the Fukushima nuclear power plant is a tragic reminder of humanity’s ever growing dependence on energy for its socioeconomic development. Energy plays a central role in determining the effectiveness of economics. However, are the fundamental difficulties associated with understanding the true nature of energy impeding development? This paper is a reflection on theoretical physics from an economic vantage point. As difficult as it may seem to band them together as this article will attempt to do, physics and economics are conjoined. Space, Time , Matter and Energy all play a significant role in the capacity of economics to better provide for humanity. For example, energy; its, provision, evolution and consumption play a significant role in the capacity of economics to develop strategies with which to satisfactorily manage human development. The impact the price of oil has on the global economy is testimony to the impact the cost of energy has on economies and governments in general. If global incomes could rise or the cost of energy could fall this could significantly increase its affordability. Therefore, advances in physics and the natural sciences in general can have a positive impact on economics.
2011-07-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32050/1/MPRA_paper_32050.pdf
Punabantu, Siize (2011): Economics and Theoretical Physics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32477
2019-09-28T16:34:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513332
7375626A656374733D41:4132:413230
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513437
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413131
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513338
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32477/
Economics and Theoretical Physics
Punabantu, Siize
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
A20 - General
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q47 - Energy Forecasting
A11 - Role of Economics ; Role of Economists ; Market for Economists
Q38 - Government Policy
Q40 - General
B41 - Economic Methodology
The recent earthquake in Japan and its impact on the Fukushima nuclear power plant is a tragic reminder of humanity’s ever growing dependence on energy for its socioeconomic development. Energy plays a central role in determining the effectiveness of economics. However, are the fundamental difficulties associated with understanding the true nature of energy impeding development? This paper is a reflection on theoretical physics from an economic vantage point. As difficult as it may seem to band them together as this article will attempt to do, physics and economics are conjoined. Space, Time , Matter and Energy all play a significant role in the capacity of economics to better provide for humanity. For example, energy; its, provision, evolution and consumption play a significant role in the capacity of economics to develop strategies with which to satisfactorily manage human development. The impact the price of oil has on the global economy is testimony to the impact the cost of energy has on economies and governments in general. If global incomes could rise or the cost of energy could fall this could significantly increase its affordability. Therefore, advances in physics and the natural sciences in general can have a positive impact on economics.
2011-07-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32477/1/MPRA_paper_32477.pdf
Punabantu, Siize (2011): Economics and Theoretical Physics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34216
2019-09-29T05:32:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34216/
The investments in renewable energy sources: do low carbon economies better invest in green technologies?
Scandurra, Giuseppe
Romano, Antonio Angelo
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
The aim of this study is to analyse the driving of investment in renewable energy sources in low carbon and high carbon economies. To address these issues, a dynamic panel analysis of the renewable investment in a sample of 29 countries was proposed.
Results demonstrate that the dynamic of investments in renewable sources is similar in the two panels, and depends by nuclear power generation, GDP and technological efficiency. Results show that countries try to reduce their environmental footprint, decreasing the CO2 intensity . Based on the estimation results, we think that energy sustainability passes through the use of renewable resources that can complement the nuclear technology on condition that both exceed their limits.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34216/2/MPRA_paper_34216.pdf
Scandurra, Giuseppe and Romano, Antonio Angelo (2011): The investments in renewable energy sources: do low carbon economies better invest in green technologies?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34848
2019-09-26T09:28:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513437
7375626A656374733D51:5134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34848/
Base-load cycling on a system with significant wind penetration
Troy, Niamh
Denny, Eleanor
O'Malley, Mark
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q47 - Energy Forecasting
Q4 - Energy
Certain developments in the electricity sector may
result in suboptimal operation of base-load generating units in
countries worldwide. Despite the fact they were not designed to
operate in a flexible manner, increasing penetration of variable
power sources coupled with the deregulation of the electricity
sector could lead to these base-load units being shut down or
operated at part-load levels more often. This cycling operation
would have onerous effects on the components of these units and
potentially lead to increased outages and significant costs. This
paper shows the serious impact increasing levels of wind power
will have on the operation of base-load units. Those base-load
units which are not large contributors of primary reserve to the
system and have relatively shorter start-up times were found to
be the most impacted as wind penetration increases. A sensitivity
analysis shows the presence of storage or interconnection on a
power system actually exacerbates base-load cycling until very
high levels of wind power are reached. Finally, it is shown that if
the total cycling costs of the individual base-load units are taken
into consideration in the scheduling model, subsequent cycling
operation can be reduced.
2010-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34848/1/MPRA_paper_34848.pdf
Troy, Niamh and Denny, Eleanor and O'Malley, Mark (2010): Base-load cycling on a system with significant wind penetration. Published in: IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , Vol. 25, No. 2 (1 May 2010): pp. 1088-1097.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34849
2019-09-30T18:16:41Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513437
7375626A656374733D51:5134
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34849/
Unit commitment for systems with significant wind penetration
Tuohy, Aidan
Meibom, Peter
Denny, Eleanor
O'Malley, Mark
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q47 - Energy Forecasting
Q4 - Energy
The stochastic nature of wind alters the unit commitment
and dispatch problem. By accounting for this uncertainty
when scheduling the system, more robust schedules are
produced, which should, on average, reduce expected costs.
In this paper, the effects of stochastic wind and load on the
unit commitment and dispatch of power systems with high
levels of wind power are examined. By comparing the costs,
planned operation and performance of the schedules produced,
it is shown that stochastic optimization results in less costly,
of the order of 0.25%, and better performing schedules than
deterministic optimization. The impact of planning the system
more frequently to account for updated wind and load forecasts
is then examined. More frequent planning means more up to
date forecasts are used, which reduces the need for reserve and
increases performance of the schedules. It is shown that mid merit
and peaking units and the interconnection are the most affected
parts of the system where uncertainty of wind is concerned
2009-05-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34849/1/MPRA_paper_34849.pdf
Tuohy, Aidan and Meibom, Peter and Denny, Eleanor and O'Malley, Mark (2009): Unit commitment for systems with significant wind penetration. Published in: IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , Vol. 24, No. 2 (1 May 2009): pp. 885-895.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35245
2019-09-26T11:55:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433731
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513535
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35245/
A coopetitive model for the green economy
Carfì, David
Schilirò, Daniele
Q50 - General
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
Q48 - Government Policy
C71 - Cooperative Games
Q55 - Technological Innovation
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
C72 - Noncooperative Games
The paper proposes a coopetitive model for the Green Economy. It addresses the issue of the climate change policy and the creation and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. In the present paper the complex construct of coopetiton is applied at macroeconomic level. The model, based on Game Theory, enables us to offer a set of possible solutions in a coopetitive context, allowing to find a
Pareto solution in a win-win scenario. The model, which is based on the assumption that each country produces a level of output which is determined in a non-cooperative game of Cournot-type and that considers at the same time a coopetitive strategy regarding the low carbon technologies, will suggest a solution that shows the convenience for each country to participate actively to a program of low carbon
technologies within a coopetitive framework to address a policy of climate change, thus aiming at balancing the environmental imbalances.
2011-11-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35245/1/MPRA_paper_35245.pdf
Carfì, David and Schilirò, Daniele (2011): A coopetitive model for the green economy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36086
2019-10-03T08:00:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473134
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36086/
Linkage among the U.S. Energy Futures Markets
Aruga, Kentaka
Managi, Shunsuke
G14 - Information and Market Efficiency ; Event Studies ; Insider Trading
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
This study tests the price linkage among the U.S. major energy sources, considering structural breaks in time series. We use the Johansen cointegration method and find that only weak linkage sustains among the NYMEX WTI crude oil, Brent crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, coal, natural gas, uranium, and ethanol futures prices. Our tests reveal that the uranium and ethanol futures prices have very weak linkage with other U.S. major energy source prices. This indicates that the U.S. energy market is still at a stage where none of the probable alternative energy source markets are playing the role as a substitute or a complement market for the fossil fuel energy markets and that the U.S. major energy source markets are not integrated as one primary energy market.
2011-10-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36086/1/MPRA_paper_36086.pdf
Aruga, Kentaka and Managi, Shunsuke (2011): Linkage among the U.S. Energy Futures Markets.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37018
2019-09-29T04:31:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513330
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433731
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513230
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37018/
Global green economy and environmental sustainability: a coopetitive model
Carfì, David
Schilirò, Daniele
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q30 - General
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
C71 - Cooperative Games
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
Q20 - General
Q58 - Government Policy
C72 - Noncooperative Games
This paper provides a coopetitive model for a global green economy taking into account the environmental sustainability. In particular we propose a differentiable coopetitive game G (in the sense recently introduced by D. Carfì) to represent a basic green economy interaction among a country c and the rest of the world w. Our game G is a linear parametric (Euclidean) perturbation of the classic Cournot duopoly. In the paper we offer the complete study of the proposed model and in particular a deep examination of its possible coopetitive solutions.
2012-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37018/1/MPRA_paper_37018.pdf
Carfì, David and Schilirò, Daniele (2012): Global green economy and environmental sustainability: a coopetitive model.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38272
2019-09-26T13:00:54Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38272/
Sources of energy and the environment
Spash, Clive L.
Young, Andrew
Q48 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
Energy from fossil fuels have become dominant in the industrialised and industrialising economies of the world. However, fossil fuels are also recognised as heavily polluting and responsible for a range of modern environmental and health problems. Nuclear power is a similar conventional energy source in that it relies upon depletion of a limited stock resource and is associated with a range of social and environmental problems. However, the alternative energy sources relying upon flow resources, or income, available with today's technology, have been regarded as too expensive to bring into production. This paper explores the full range of options and their environmental impacts. We emphasise energy capital maintenance and avoidance of pollution as key issues. In looking at the environmental impacts of each energy source in turn our aim is to explore the fallacy of the "too costly to implement" argument. We expose a qualitative difference between the energy sources. That is the comparison between largely known local, aesthetic and physical impacts of renewable energy and the unknown, regional and global long term impacts from conventional energy sources.
This is a paper from the Ecological Economics discussion paper series edited by Clive L. Spash and run from Stirling University from 1994 to 1996. This particular paper was later published as a book chapter (Spash and Young 1995).
Spash, C.L. & A. Young. 1995. Environmental imperatives and renewable sources of energy. In The New Global Oil Market: Understanding Energy Issues in the World Economy, ed. S. Shojai, 159-172. Westport, Connecticut, Praeger.
1994-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38272/1/MPRA_paper_38272.pdf
Spash, Clive L. and Young, Andrew (1994): Sources of energy and the environment. Published in: (1995): pp. 159-172.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38485
2019-09-26T17:58:15Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38485/
Finding the Optimal Way of Electricity Production in Pakistan
Zeshan, Muhammad
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Present study reveals the impact of electricity production on economic growth in Pakistan. It covers the period of 1975-2010 and assumes a log-linear relationship between the variables. Both the bounds test and Johansen test for cointegration indicate a unique long-run relationship between the variables. However; higher tariff rates, associated with thermal power plants, are eroding the private business investment in short-run. Based on these facts, this study advocates the promotion of hydropower plants that are beneficial for two reasons. First, it would produce clean power in the country. Second, cost of production would also drop resulting in lower tariff rates. Finally; it finds bi-directional causal relationship between the variables in long-run, whereas no causal relationship has been found in short-run.
2012-04-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38485/1/MPRA_paper_38485.pdf
Zeshan, Muhammad (2012): Finding the Optimal Way of Electricity Production in Pakistan. Forthcoming in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38508
2019-10-05T05:22:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513330
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433731
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513230
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38508/
A model of coopetitive game for the environmental sustainability of a global green economy
Carfì, David
Schilirò, Daniele
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q30 - General
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
C71 - Cooperative Games
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
Q20 - General
Q58 - Government Policy
C72 - Noncooperative Games
The present paper provides a model of coopetitive game for environmental sustainability of a global green economy, looking for a win-win solution within a complex construct of a type originally devised by Branderburger and Nalebuff. The model here suggested is environmental sustainable since it should lead to maintain natural capital, by using mainly renewable resources. In addition, this model of coopetitive games for environmental sustainability aims at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases, determining the reduction of global pollution, in this way it contributes to the establishment of a sustainable and lasting global green economy. Finally, the model determines a change in the patterns of consumption of households towards goods and human behaviors with a lower environmental impact. So the coopetitive strategy, in our model, consists in implementing a set of policy decisions, whose purpose is to be environmental sustainable and to enforce the global green economy. This is why the coopetitive variable is represented by a set of variables that together guarantee the achievement of the environmental sustainability of a global green economy. Thus, this original model aims to enrich the set of tools for environmental policies.
2012-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38508/1/MPRA_paper_38508.pdf
Carfì, David and Schilirò, Daniele (2012): A model of coopetitive game for the environmental sustainability of a global green economy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:42470
2019-09-28T10:45:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4835:483537
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443632
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513535
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42470/
Timing of adoption of clean technologies by regulated monopolies
Ben Youssef, Slim
H57 - Procurement
D62 - Externalities
Q55 - Technological Innovation
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
We consider a monopolistic firm producing a good while polluting and using a fossil energy. This firm can adopt a clean technology by incurring an investment cost decreasing exponentially with the adoption date. This clean technology does not pollute and has a lower production cost because it uses a renewable energy. We determine the optimal adoption date for the firm in the case where it is not regulated at all, and in the case where it is regulated at each period of time i.e. the regulator looks for static social optimality. Interestingly, the regulated firm adopts the clean technology earlier than what is socially-optimal. However, the non-regulated firm adopts later than what is socially-optimal. The regulator can induce the firm to adopt at the socially-optimal date by a postpone adoption subsidy. Nevertheless, the regulator may be interested in the earlier adoption of the firm to encourage the diffusion of the use of clean technologies in other industries.
2010-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42470/1/MPRA_paper_42470.pdf
Ben Youssef, Slim (2010): Timing of adoption of clean technologies by regulated monopolies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:43495
2019-09-26T23:22:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43495/
Taxing CO2 and subsidising biomass. Analysed in a macroeconomic and sectoral model
Klinge Jacobsen, Henrik
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
This paper analyses the combination of taxes and subsidies as an instrument to ensure a reduction of CO2 emission. The objective of the study is to compare recycling of a CO2 tax revenue as a subsidy to biomass use as opposed to traditional recycling like reduced income or corporate taxation.
A model of the energy supply sector of Denmark is used to analyse the effect of a CO2 tax in combination with using the tax revenue for subsidies to biomass. The energy supply model is linked to a macroeconomic model such that macroeconomic consequences of tax policies can be analysed along with consequences for specific sectors as agriculture. Electricity and heat are produced at heat and power plants and utilising fuels which minimise total fuel cost, while the authorities regulate capacity expansion technologies. The effect of fuel taxes and subsidies on fuels is very sensitive to the fuel substitution possibilities of the power plants and consequently the extent to which expansion technologies have been regulated.
It is shown how a relatively small CO2 tax of 15 USD/tCO2 and subsidies to biomass can produce significant shifts in the fuel input-mix, when the expansion of production capacity is regulated to ensure a flexible fuel mix. The main finding is that recycling to biomass use will reduce the level of CO2 tax necessary to achieve a specific emission reduction. Policies to ensure a more intensive use of such relatively expensive renewable energy sources as biomass could be implemented with only small taxes and subsidies.
1999-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43495/1/MPRA_paper_43495.pdf
Klinge Jacobsen, Henrik (1999): Taxing CO2 and subsidising biomass. Analysed in a macroeconomic and sectoral model. Published in: Biomass and Bioenergy , Vol. 18, No. 2 (2000): pp. 113-124.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:43753
2019-09-28T17:55:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503238
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3838
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43753/
China’s Coal Chemical Industry: In the View of Governance Challenges
Xu, Xiaoran
Wang, Dong
L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
P28 - Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
L88 - Government Policy
This paper examines the China’s coal chemical strategy. As a part of national energy strategy, China’s coal chemical industry induces conflicts on technical level, economic level and policy level. The analysis of this paper is under the policy framework and discusses the causes and effects of these conflicts and also proposes some possible solutions.
2013-01-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43753/1/MPRA_paper_43753.pdf
Xu, Xiaoran and Wang, Dong (2013): China’s Coal Chemical Industry: In the View of Governance Challenges.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:43958
2019-09-28T21:45:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43958/
Provazanost trhu potravin, biopaliv a fosilnich paliv
Chrz, Stepan
Hruby, Zdenek
Janda, Karel
Kristoufek, Ladislav
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
The interconnections within food, biofuel and fossil fuel markets are first described in the context of biofuels technologies and economic policy framework. Consequently, the econometric analysis consisting of Johansen cointegration, error correction model, vector autoregression and Granger causality is applied to price series of 12 biofuel related commodities. While a number of equilibrium relationships are found across the examined
markets suggesting an interconnections of these markets, we do not obtain a persuasive confirmation of the thesis that biofuels clearly lead to food shortages via the increase in prices of basic food commodities used in the production of biofuels.
2013-01-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43958/1/MPRA_paper_43958.pdf
Chrz, Stepan and Hruby, Zdenek and Janda, Karel and Kristoufek, Ladislav (2013): Provazanost trhu potravin, biopaliv a fosilnich paliv.
cs
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44219
2019-09-27T16:47:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513439
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44219/
Estimating the value of additional wind and transmission capacity in the rocky mountain west
Godby, Robert
Torell, Greg
Coupal, Roger
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q49 - Other
The expansion of wind-generation in the United States poses significant challenges to policy-makers, particularly because wind’s intermittency and unpredictability can exacerbate problems of congestion on a transmission constrained grid. Understanding these issues is necessary if optimal development of wind energy and transmission is to occur. This paper applies a model that integrates the special concerns of electricity generation to empirically consider the challenges of developing wind resources in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. Given the lack the high frequency data needed to address the special problems of intermittency and congestion, our solution is to create a dispatch model of the region and to use simulations to generate the necessary data, then use this data to understand the development patterns that have occurred as wind resources have been developed.
Our results indicate that the price effects caused by changes in power output at intermittent sources are strongly dependent on supply conditions and the presence of market distortions caused by transmission constraints. Peculiarities inherent in electric grid operation can cause system responses that are not always intuitive. The distribution of the rents accruing to wind generation, particularly in unexpectedly windy periods are strongly dependent on the allocation of transmission rights when congestion occurs, which impacts potential returns to developing wind resources. Incidents of congestion depend on the pace of development of wind and transmission capacity. Not accounting for such distortions may cause new development to worsen market outcomes if mistaken estimates of benefits or costs lead to sub-optimal development of wind and transmission facilities.
2013-01-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44219/1/MPRA_paper_44219.pdf
Godby, Robert and Torell, Greg and Coupal, Roger (2013): Estimating the value of additional wind and transmission capacity in the rocky mountain west.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45199
2019-09-26T23:37:42Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3236
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45199/
Передумови створення системи контролінгу альтернативних джерел енергії на підприємстві
Degtiareva, Olga
Pudycheva, Galina
L26 - Entrepreneurship
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
The characteristics of the potential of alternative energy sources in Ukraine are presented (in the article). The reasons of their slow implementation to the activity of enterprises are identified. The conditions of the application of controlling system during the transition to alternative energy sources are presented.
2012-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45199/1/MPRA_paper_45199.pdf
Degtiareva, Olga and Pudycheva, Galina (2012): Передумови створення системи контролінгу альтернативних джерел енергії на підприємстві. Published in: Науковий вісник. Одеський державний економічний університет , Vol. 167, No. № 15 (May 2012): pp. 148-157.
uk
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:46655
2019-09-27T06:05:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46655/
A Model of Competition in the Solar Panel Industry
Pillai, Unni
McLaughlin, Jamison
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
Q40 - General
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
We develop a model of competition in the solar panel industry. Solar firms manufacture panels that are differentiated both vertically and horizontally, and compete by setting quantities. The equilibrium of the model is consistent with a set of stylized facts that we document,
including variation in prices, markups and market shares across firms. We calibrate the model using a new dataset data on prices, costs and shipments of leading solar companies, as well as solar sales in four leading markets. The calibrated model is applied to evaluate the impact of a decline in the price of polysilicon, a key raw material used in the manufacture of solar panels, on the equilibrium price of solar panels.
2013-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46655/1/MPRA_paper_46655.pdf
Pillai, Unni and McLaughlin, Jamison (2013): A Model of Competition in the Solar Panel Industry.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:46657
2019-09-27T06:07:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46657/
Source of Cost Reduction in Solar Photovoltaics
Pillai, Unni
Cruz, Kyle
L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
O3 - Innovation ; Research and Development ; Technological Change ; Intellectual Property Rights
O30 - General
Q40 - General
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
The price of solar panels has fallen rapidly over the last few decades. Using an extensive dataset of prices, costs, output, sales and technical characteristics of firms in the solar industry during 2005-2011, this paper investigates the factors that have contributed to the decline in costs and prices. While previous studies have attributed learning-by-doing and static scale economics as the main drivers of cost reduction, we find that these do not have any
significant effect on cost once four other factors are taken into account, namely, (i) reduction in the cost of a principal raw material, (ii) increasing presence of solar panel manufacturers from China, (iii) technological innovations, and (iv) increase in investment at the industry
level. Together, these suggest that innovations in the upstream industries that supply the solar panel industry with raw materials and capital equipment have been important drivers of technological progress in the solar panel industry.
2013-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46657/1/MPRA_paper_46657.pdf
Pillai, Unni and Cruz, Kyle (2013): Source of Cost Reduction in Solar Photovoltaics.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:46957
2019-10-01T14:33:04Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513332
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513338
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46957/
Hydrocarbon liquefaction: viability as a peak oil mitigation strategy
Höök, Mikael
Fantazzini, Dean
Angelantoni, André
Snowden, Simon
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
Q38 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q48 - Government Policy
Current world capacity of hydrocarbon liquefaction is around 400,000 barrels per day (kb/d), providing a marginal share of the global liquid fuel supply. This study performs a broad review of technical, economic, environmental, and supply chains issues related to coal-to-liquids (CTL) and gas-to-liquids (GTL). We find three issues predominate. First, significant amounts of coal and gas would be required to obtain anything more than a marginal production of liquids. Second, the economics of CTL plants are clearly prohibitive, but are better for GTL. Nevertheless, large scale GTL plants still require very high upfront costs, and for three real world GTL plants out of four, the final cost has been so far approximately three times that initially budgeted. Small scale GTL holds potential for associated gas. Third, CTL and GTL both incur significant environmental impacts, ranging from increased greenhouse gas emissions (in the case of CTL) to water contamination. Environmental concerns may significantly affect growth of these projects until adequate solutions are found.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46957/1/MPRA_paper_46957.pdf
Höök, Mikael and Fantazzini, Dean and Angelantoni, André and Snowden, Simon (2013): Hydrocarbon liquefaction: viability as a peak oil mitigation strategy. Forthcoming in: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: A
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:47026
2019-10-20T09:24:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513439
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47026/
Estimating the value of additional wind and transmission capacity in the rocky mountain west
Godby, Robert
Torell, Greg
Coupal, Roger
Q4 - Energy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q49 - Other
The expansion of wind-generation in the United States poses significant challenges to policy-makers, particularly because wind’s intermittency and unpredictability can exacerbate problems of congestion on a transmission constrained grid. Understanding these issues is necessary if optimal development of wind energy and transmission is to occur. This paper applies a model that integrates the special concerns of electricity generation to empirically consider the challenges of developing wind resources in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. Given the lack the high frequency data needed to address the special problems of intermittency and congestion, our solution is to create a dispatch model of the region and to use simulations to generate the necessary data, then use this data to understand the development patterns that have occurred as wind resources have been developed.
Our results indicate that the price effects caused by changes in power output at intermittent sources are strongly dependent on supply conditions and the presence of market distortions caused by transmission constraints. Peculiarities inherent in electric grid operation can cause system responses that are not always intuitive. The distribution of the rents accruing to wind generation, particularly in unexpectedly windy periods are strongly dependent on the allocation of transmission rights when congestion occurs, which impacts potential returns to developing wind resources. Incidents of congestion depend on the pace of development of wind and transmission capacity. Not accounting for such distortions may cause new development to worsen market outcomes if mistaken estimates of benefits or costs lead to sub-optimal development of wind and transmission facilities.
2013-01-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47026/9/MPRA_paper_47026.pdf
Godby, Robert and Torell, Greg and Coupal, Roger (2013): Estimating the value of additional wind and transmission capacity in the rocky mountain west.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:47279
2019-09-29T00:15:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433333
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47279/
Output, renewable energy consumption and trade in Africa
Ben Jebli, Mehdi
Ben Youssef, Slim
C33 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
We use panel cointegration techniques to examine the relationship between renewable energy consumption, trade and output in a sample of 11 African countries covering the period 1980-2008. The results from panel error correction model reveal that there is evidence of bidirectional causality between output and exports and between output and imports in both the short-run and the long-run. However, in the short-run, there is no evidence of causality between output and renewable energy consumption and between trade (exports or imports) and renewable energy consumption. In the long-run, the FMOLS panel approach estimation shows that renewable energy consumption and trade (exports or imports) have a statistically significant and positive impact on output. Policies recommendations are that, in the long-run, international trade enables African countries to benefit from technology transfer and to build the human and physical capacities needed to produce more renewable energies, which in turn increases their output.
2013-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47279/1/MPRA_paper_47279.pdf
Ben Jebli, Mehdi and Ben Youssef, Slim (2013): Output, renewable energy consumption and trade in Africa.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:47280
2019-09-27T00:57:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433333
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47280/
Output, renewable energy consumption and international trade: Evidence from a panel of 69 countries
Ben Jebli, Mehdi
Ben Youssef, Slim
C33 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
This paper uses panel cointegration techniques to examine the causal relationship between output, renewable energy consumption and international trade for a sample of 69 countries during the period 1980-2007. In the short-run, Granger causality tests show that there is evidence of bidirectional causality relationship between output and trade (exports or imports), and a unidirectional causality relationship running from renewable energy consumption to trade. However, in the short-run, there is evidence of no causality running from trade to renewable energy consumption. In the long-run, the error correction term provides that there is evidence of bidirectional causality relationship between output, trade and renewable energy consumption. Long-run estimations show that all coefficients are positive and statistically significant. Policies recommendations are that, in the long-run, international trade enables countries to benefit from technology transfer and to build the human and physical capacities needed to produce more renewable energies, while increasing their output. Therefore, more trade openness could be a good policy for combating global warming as it incites the use of renewable energies.
2013-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47280/1/MPRA_paper_47280.pdf
Ben Jebli, Mehdi and Ben Youssef, Slim (2013): Output, renewable energy consumption and international trade: Evidence from a panel of 69 countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:47468
2019-09-27T04:46:25Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D51:5134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513439
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47468/
Estimating the value of additional wind and transmission capacity in the rocky mountain west
Godby, Robert
Torell, Greg
Coupal, Roger
Q4 - Energy
Q40 - General
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q49 - Other
The expansion of wind-generation in the United States poses significant challenges to policy-makers, particularly because wind’s intermittency and unpredictability can exacerbate problems of congestion on a transmission constrained grid. Understanding these issues is necessary if optimal development of wind energy and transmission is to occur. This paper applies a model that integrates the special concerns of electricity generation to empirically consider the challenges of developing wind resources in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. Given the lack the high frequency data needed to address the special problems of intermittency and congestion, our solution is to create a dispatch model of the region and to use simulations to generate the necessary data, then use this data to understand the development patterns that have occurred as wind resources have been developed.
Our results indicate that the price effects caused by changes in power output at intermittent sources are strongly dependent on supply conditions and the presence of market distortions caused by transmission constraints. Peculiarities inherent in electric grid operation can cause system responses that are not always intuitive. The distribution of the rents accruing to wind generation, particularly in unexpectedly windy periods are strongly dependent on the allocation of transmission rights when congestion occurs, which impacts potential returns to developing wind resources. Incidents of congestion depend on the pace of development of wind and transmission capacity. Not accounting for such distortions may cause new development to worsen market outcomes if mistaken estimates of benefits or costs lead to sub-optimal development of wind and transmission facilities.
2013-01-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47468/1/MPRA_paper_47468.pdf
Godby, Robert and Torell, Greg and Coupal, Roger (2013): Estimating the value of additional wind and transmission capacity in the rocky mountain west. Forthcoming in: Resource and Energy Economics
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48361
2019-10-07T16:22:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513230
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513330
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513431
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48361/
Looming Power Crisis in Andhra Pradesh
Motkuri, Venkatanarayana
Bhagavatula, Sridhar
Q20 - General
Q30 - General
Q41 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
Q48 - Government Policy
Andhra Pradesh has been experiencing increasing energy deficits since 2004-05. Energy deficit has increased from a negligible 0.7% in 2004-05 to 6.6% in 2009-10 and to a whopping 22.8% in 2012-13 (as per load generation balance report 2012-13, Central Electricity Authority, 2013). On the whole, the state has not taken measure for the supply side management as much as that of the demand side management of the power sector. State doesn’t have its reserve of generating capacity to fall back on for the rising demand. the energy requirement in the state is expected to increase from around 84 billion units (in 2011-12) to over 173 billion units by the end of 2020-21. The increase is expected to be driven mainly by industrial sector whose percentage consumption is expected to increase from 32% (in 2011-12) to over 44% in 2020-21. Whether the State will be able to meet such a rise in demand? This calls for Supply Side Management. Thus, the Government of Andhra Pradesh must relook at its strategies, especially supply side management, and come up with a comprehensive energy policy for the state with a strong linkage with policy execution.
2013-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48361/1/MPRA_paper_48361.pdf
Motkuri, Venkatanarayana and Bhagavatula, Sridhar (2013): Looming Power Crisis in Andhra Pradesh.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48905
2019-09-27T11:04:45Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483235
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31:4C3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3632
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3731
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3938
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48905/
The Market Impact and the Cost of Environmental Policy: Evidence from the Swedish Green Car Rebate
Huse, Cristian
Lucinda, Claudio
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure ; Size Distribution of Firms
L62 - Automobiles ; Other Transportation Equipment ; Related Parts and Equipment
L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
L98 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q48 - Government Policy
We quantify the effects of the Swedish GCR, a program to reduce oil dependence and greenhouse gas emissions in the automobile industry. We find the GCR to increase the market shares of `green cars' and its cost to be $109/tonCO2 saved, thus 5 times the price of an emission permit. Since the main green cars in Sweden are FFVs (flexible-fuel vehicles), which can switch between petrol (gasoline) and ethanol, we also account for fuel choice, which increases the cost of the program. Finally, we show that consumers would have purchased FFVs regardless of the rebate provided by the GCR.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48905/1/MPRA_paper_48905.pdf
Huse, Cristian and Lucinda, Claudio (2013): The Market Impact and the Cost of Environmental Policy: Evidence from the Swedish Green Car Rebate. Forthcoming in: Economic Journal
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48909
2019-09-27T10:54:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D4C:4C35:4C3531
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3632
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3938
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48909/
Fast and Furious (and Dirty): How Asymmetric Regulation May Hinder Environmental Policy
Huse, Cristian
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
L51 - Economics of Regulation
L62 - Automobiles ; Other Transportation Equipment ; Related Parts and Equipment
L98 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q48 - Government Policy
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
In the first year after the inception of the Swedish Green Car Rebate (GCR), green cars had carved over 25 percent market share in the new vehicle market, an effect of unprecedented scale if compared to recent policies incentivizing the purchase of fuel-efficient vehicles. By awarding vehicles satisfying certain emission criteria a rebate, but giving alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs, those able to run on alternative fuels) a more lenient treatment than regular fuel vehicles (RFVs, those able to run only on gasoline and diesel), the GCR created a regulatory loophole which led carmakers to increase the emissions of AFVs as compared to RFVs. This paper examines the impact of regulation on market developments comparing CO2 emissions (and fuel economy) of AFVs and RFVs. Once carmakers adjust their product lines to the policy, CO2 emissions of AFVs increased significantly as compared to those of RFVs, thus undermining the very objectives of the GCR.
2014
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48909/7/MPRA_paper_48909.pdf
Huse, Cristian (2014): Fast and Furious (and Dirty): How Asymmetric Regulation May Hinder Environmental Policy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48971
2019-09-26T11:22:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4732
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473230
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473233
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473239
7375626A656374733D51:5134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D52:5233
7375626A656374733D52:5233:523330
7375626A656374733D52:5233:523339
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48971/
A Solar-Home Rental Business Model: Capturing Synergies from Solar Energy and Single Family Rental Properties
Lutey, Robert
G2 - Financial Institutions and Services
G20 - General
G23 - Non-bank Financial Institutions ; Financial Instruments ; Institutional Investors
G29 - Other
Q4 - Energy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
R3 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location
R30 - General
R39 - Other
Abstract. The credit market collapse and housing-led economic recession beginning in 2007-2008 have resulted in several million distressed homes in the U.S. that are in various stages of delinquency, default, and foreclosure. Over the past three to four years, a number of private equity investment pools have been buying large blocks of distressed residential properties at auction, in short sales, and otherwise, with the intention of renovating and renting them at attractive yields, and ultimately, profiting from their sale as prices rebound from recessionary levels. In the process, they are institutionalizing single family rental property management on an unprecedented state and regional scale. Market demographics and persistently tight credit conditions portend several years of sustained growth in both the demand for rentals and rental rates. Simultaneously, the installed cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems has declined over 50% in just the last three years. Among the major catalysts of the decline have been a glut of manufacturing capacity that was built in response to pre-recession demand; federal and state financial incentives including tax credits, rebates, and performance-based payments; and gradual gains from competition and efficiencies in balance-of-system costs. Together, these two trends offer the prospect of an integrated “solar-rental” investment strategy that will produce compelling returns while significantly boosting residential solar energy use. This paper encompasses three objectives: (1) to establish a framework for a solar-home rental business model in which rental incomes are enhanced via the sale of rooftop-generated solar electricity to the tenants of single-family properties; (2) to address several of the major operational elements of such a business, including installation and maintenance of the solar energy system, tenant billing, and management of the solar operation; and (3) to model the economics of the individual solar and rental operations, and the combined enterprise, in a number of markets, in order to identify those where the solar-rental strategy would produce attractive returns relative to the rental-only approach. Thirteen cases in twelve state markets were evaluated for their solar-home rental economics. All the markets have experienced high rates of distressed single family properties since the recession and they account for the majority of institutional “REO-to-rental” purchases. Of the case studies, five produced after-tax returns exceeding 7.50%, matching or exceeding standalone rental yields by up to 0.19%, and over 0.40% under an expected scenario of further cost declines. As a group, these markets are characterized by high marginal electricity rates, moderate to high solar insolation, and modest to significant upfront or performance-based incentives. It is estimated that the top institutional buyers have accumulated 40,000-50,000 distressed properties since 2009 and that they are expected to purchase upwards of 100,000 additional homes over the next two years. In comparison, the national single family rental market is estimated at 16 million homes, 2 million of which were added since 2006, while the number of U.S. residences with solar panels stood at approximately 300,000 as of the end of 2012. If half of the expected portfolio of institutional single family rentals was to be solarized, it would result in a 25% increase in the stock of residential solar installations, via the “leveraging” of actions by perhaps a dozen property buyers. As solar panel prices and, especially, balance-of-system installation costs continue to decline in the face of rising electricity rates, solar energy-rentals should prove an attractive proposition to residential rental property investors and a big assist to the country’s renewable energy usage.
2013-08-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48971/1/MPRA_paper_48971.pdf
Lutey, Robert (2013): A Solar-Home Rental Business Model: Capturing Synergies from Solar Energy and Single Family Rental Properties.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51199
2019-09-28T16:49:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433333
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51199/
Output, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and international trade: Evidence from a panel of 69 countries
Ben Jebli, Mehdi
Ben Youssef, Slim
C33 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
This paper uses panel cointegration techniques to examine the causal relationship between output, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, and international trade for a sample of 69 countries during the period 1980-2007. In the short-run, Granger causality tests show that there is evidence of a bidirectional causality between output and trade (exports or imports), a one way causality running from renewable energy consumption to trade, and a bidirectional feedback causality between non-renewable energy consumption and trade. Interestingly, there is no direct short-run causality between the three variables renewable energy, non-renewable energy and output. However, there is an indirect short-run causality running from renewable energy to both non-renewable energy and output, which occurs through trade. Also, there is an indirect and bidirectional short-run causality between non-renewable energy and output through trade. In the long-run, OLS, FMOLS and DOLS estimates suggest that renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade have a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth. Our policy recommendations are to encourage trade openness because this may reduce the share of non-renewable energy consumption in total energy consumption. Indeed, through technology transfer and economies of scale, more trade openness could be a good policy for combating global warming by encouraging the use of renewable energies, while increasing output.
2013-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51199/1/MPRA_paper_51199.pdf
Ben Jebli, Mehdi and Ben Youssef, Slim (2013): Output, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and international trade: Evidence from a panel of 69 countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51672
2019-09-29T05:25:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433333
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463138
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51672/
The Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Role of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Trade Openness
Ben Jebli, Mehdi
Ben Youssef, Slim
Ozturk, Ilhan
C33 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
F18 - Trade and Environment
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
We use panel cointegration techniques to investigate the causal relationship between CO2 emissions, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, and trade openness in three different models for a panel of twenty five OECD countries over the period 1980-2009. Also the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis has been tested for these countries. Short-run Granger causality tests show the existence of a unidirectional causality running from the square of per capita output to per capita CO2 emissions and per capita non-renewable energy consumption and a unidirectional causality running from per capita real exports to per capita CO2 emissions. There is an indirect short-run causality running from per capita output to per capita non-renewable energy consumption. In the long-run, the FMOLS and DOLS estimates suggest that per capita GDP and per capita non-renewable energy consumption have a positive impact on per capita CO2 emissions. The long-run estimates suggest that the square of per capita GDP, per capita renewable energy consumption, and per capita real exports and imports have a negative impact on per capita CO2 emissions. Therefore, more trade openness and more use of renewable energy are efficient strategies to combat global warming.
2013-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51672/1/MPRA_paper_51672.pdf
Ben Jebli, Mehdi and Ben Youssef, Slim and Ozturk, Ilhan (2013): The Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Role of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Trade Openness.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51796
2019-09-30T02:13:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51796/
Export of energy technology: The case of Denmark.
Klinge Jacobsen, Henrik
Q40 - General
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
This paper examines the importance of changes in energy technology for long-term trade developments. The Danish manufacturing industry is considered as a case with emphasis on the consequences of changes in the Danish energy system in the years 1966-1992.
Energy technologies affect the competitive position of industries through their energy costs. Another important effect of the change in energy technologies is the competitive option for the industries producing the capital equipment of a specific energy technology. Here the consequences for the wind turbine manufactures and for the manufactures of pipes for district heating can be highlighted.
The paper presents an empirical investigation of the Danish industries with respect to the energy intensity and the relative production development of the energy intense industries relative to the average industry. The degree to which basic manufacturing industries and heavy industries have decreased their energy consumption by replacing elements of own production that have high energy content with imports is examined.
Energy demand changes that are related to change in trade patterns have implications for different issues as energy efficiency developments for industries, international comparisons of energy demand and the discussion of the relevance of different policy measures to reduce greenhouse gases
1999
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51796/1/MPRA_paper_51796.pdf
Klinge Jacobsen, Henrik (1999): Export of energy technology: The case of Denmark.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51915
2019-09-27T12:15:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4832
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D48:4837
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483732
7375626A656374733D51:5134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D52:5231
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51915/
What blows in with the wind?
De Silva, Dakshina G.
McComb, Robert P.
Schiller, Anita R.
H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
H7 - State and Local Government ; Intergovernmental Relations
H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
Q4 - Energy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q48 - Government Policy
R1 - General Regional Economics
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
The shift toward renewable forms of energy for electricity generation in the electricity generation industry has clear implications for the spatial distribution of generating plant. Traditional forms of generation are typically located close to the load or population centers, while wind and solar-powered generation must be located where the energy source is found. In the case of wind, this has meant significant new investment in wind plant in primarily rural areas that have been in secular economic decline. This paper investigates the localized economic impacts of the rapid increase in wind power capacity at the county level in Texas. Unlike Input-Output impact analysis that relies primarily on levels of inputs to estimate gross impacts, we use traditional econometric methods to estimate net localized impacts in terms of employment, personal income, and property tax base. While we find evidence that both direct and indirect employment impacts are modest, significant increases in per capita income accompany wind power development. County and school property tax rolls also realize important benefits from the local siting of utility scale wind power.
2013-12-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51915/1/MPRA_paper_51915.pdf
De Silva, Dakshina G. and McComb, Robert P. and Schiller, Anita R. (2013): What blows in with the wind?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52127
2019-09-28T02:17:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52127/
The environmental Kuznets curve, economic growth, renewable and non-renewable energy, and trade in Tunisia
Ben Jebli, Mehdi
Ben Youssef, Slim
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
We use the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds approach to cointegration in order to investigate the short and long-run relationship between per capita CO2 emission, GDP, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade openness for Tunisia during the period 1980-2009. The Fisher-statistic for cointegration is established when CO2 emission is defined as a dependent variable. The stability of coefficients in the long and short-run is examined. Short-run Granger causality suggests that there is a one way causality relationship from economic growth and trade openness (exports and imports) to emissions, whereas there is no causality running from renewable and non-renewable energy consumption to emissions. The results from the long-run relationship suggest that non-renewable energy consumption contributes positively in explaining CO2 emission (for both models), whereas renewable energy affects CO2 emission negatively (for the model with exports). The contribution of trade openness is positive and statistically significant in the long-run. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) that assumes an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita CO2 emissions and output is not supported in the long-run. This means that Tunisia has not yet reached the required level of per capita GDP to get an inverted U-shaped EKC.
2013-12-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52127/1/MPRA_paper_52127.pdf
Ben Jebli, Mehdi and Ben Youssef, Slim (2013): The environmental Kuznets curve, economic growth, renewable and non-renewable energy, and trade in Tunisia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:53050
2019-09-27T01:37:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3934
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53050/
Zum Stand von Energiegenossenschaften in Deutschland: Ein statistischer Überblick zum 31. Dezember 2012
Holstenkamp, Lars
Müller, Jakob R.
L94 - Electric Utilities
Q28 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Die Gründungsdynamik im Bereich der Energiegenossenschaften setzt sich auf dem Niveau des Jahres 2011 fort. Zum Ablauf des Jahres 2012 waren 754 Energiegenossenschaften in den Genossenschaftsregistern eingetragen. Das Jahr 2012 übertrifft mit 199 Neueintragungen im Bereich der Energiegenossenschaften das Jahr 2011 leicht. Regionale Schwerpunkte der Entwicklung sind Bayern, Baden-Württemberg und Niedersachsen. Die genutzten Daten wurden durch Abfragen öffentlicher Register gewonnen und stellen eine Vollerhebung des Feldes zum Ablauf des Jahres 2012 dar.
2013-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53050/1/MPRA_paper_53050.pdf
Holstenkamp, Lars and Müller, Jakob R. (2013): Zum Stand von Energiegenossenschaften in Deutschland: Ein statistischer Überblick zum 31. Dezember 2012.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:53488
2019-10-12T04:24:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483232
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53488/
The distributional impact of the Irish public service obligation levy on electricity consumption
Farrell, Niall
Lyons, Seán
H22 - Incidence
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q5 - Environmental Economics
Q58 - Government Policy
We analyse the distributional impact of financing energy and environmental policies through additional charges on electricity consumption, focussing on the impact Ireland’s flat-rate Public Service Obligation (PSO) levy has on domestic consumers. Switching Ireland’s flate-rate charge to a unit-based charge results in reduced regressivity across the entire income distribution. A unit-based scheme reduces aggregate burden for most households on low incomes. Regressive impacts are greater for a subset of heavy electricity users. Incremental block pricing (IBP) exaggerates these effects. A hybrid fixed/variable structure mitigates regressivity for high users but lessens overall regressivity reduction. Redistribution via Ireland’s Household Benefits Package is sub-optimal relative to a hypothetical equivalised income-based scheme. Net of ‘merit order’ savings, flat charges redistribute burden incidence from rich to poor whilst fixed per-unit charges have a neutral effect. IBP shifts cost to heavy users, predominantly large households. IBP results in a negative net burden for the majority of households across all income groups.
2014-02-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53488/1/MPRA_paper_53488.pdf
Farrell, Niall and Lyons, Seán (2014): The distributional impact of the Irish public service obligation levy on electricity consumption.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:53630
2019-09-26T16:41:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3934
7375626A656374733D51:5134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53630/
Influence of wind power on hourly electricity prices and GHG emissions: Evidence that congestion matters from Ontario zonal data
Amor, Mourad Ben
Billette de Villemeur, Etienne
Pellat, Marie
Pineau, Pierre-Olivier
L94 - Electric Utilities
Q4 - Energy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
With the growing share of wind production, understanding its impacts on electricity price and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions becomes increasingly relevant, especially to design better wind-supporting policies. Internal grid congestion is usually not taken into account when assessing the price impact of fluctuating wind output. Using 2006-2011 hourly data from Ontario (Canada) , we establish that the impact of wind output, both on price level and marginal GHG emissions, greatly differs depending on the congestion level. Indeed, from a 3.3% price reduction when wind production doubles, the reduction jumps to 5.5% during uncongested hours, but is only 0.8% when congestion prevails. Similarly, avoided GHG emissions due to wind are estimated to 331.93 kilograms per megawatt-hour (kg/MWh) using all data, while for uncongested and congested hours, estimates are respectively 283.49 and 393.68 kg/MWh. These empirical estimates, being based on 2006-2011 Ontario data, cannot be generalized to other contexts. The main contribution of this paper is to underscore the importance of congestion in assessing the price and GHG impacts of wind. We also contribute by developing an approach to create clusters of data according to the congestion status and location. Finally, we compare different approaches to estimate avoided GHG emissions.
2014-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53630/1/MPRA_paper_53630.pdf
Amor, Mourad Ben and Billette de Villemeur, Etienne and Pellat, Marie and Pineau, Pierre-Olivier (2014): Influence of wind power on hourly electricity prices and GHG emissions: Evidence that congestion matters from Ontario zonal data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:53801
2019-09-26T18:31:46Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53801/
Tax Increment Financing in Pakistan
Shaikh, Salman
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
Q48 - Government Policy
Markets fail in the provision of public goods. Public goods are non-rival and non-exclusive. It creates the problem of free riding. Hence, public goods and infrastructure is often provided by the governments. As discussed in endogenous growth models, the public infrastructure and capital goods can enable the private sector’s production processes to experience increasing returns to scale. This can result in permanent source of economic growth in an economy. Given that public infrastructure is important for economic growth, the issue is how the government of Pakistan can mobilize enough resources to improve the public infrastructure and expand it. We argue that by way of tax increment financing, it can achieve sufficient funds through which the public infrastructure can be provided in urban centers. The rationale for tax increment financing rests on the fact that public infrastructure development leads to positive externalities. If Government owns the unused land which can potentially be used for commercial and residential use, it can lease it on long term basis and generate sufficient lease income. By issuing public securities, it can generate the seed capital and which can be serviced via these lease payments. The seed capital can also come from tax increment financing. This new proposal can help in reducing i) urban congestion, ii) urban crimes, iii) reduce prices of real estate, iv) widen the urban centers, v) generate employment in new urban centers, vi) facilitate closer migration to wide choice of urban centers, vii) create new growth nodes and production zones and viii) reduce ethnical conflicts that arise from ethnical diversity in congested urban centers.
2014-01-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53801/1/MPRA_paper_53801.pdf
Shaikh, Salman (2014): Tax Increment Financing in Pakistan. Published in: Pakistan Urban Forum, 2014 , Vol. 1, No. 1 (9 January 2014)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:54108
2019-09-26T18:22:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513437
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54108/
Odhad nákladů na podporu české fotovoltaické energie
Janda, Karel
Krska, Stepan
Prusa, Jan
Q28 - Government Policy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q47 - Energy Forecasting
The article is focused on the total historical and future costs of supporting photovoltaic electricity generation in the Czech Republic. The model estimation of these costs is accompanied by methodologically unified comparison with cost of the support of other renewable energy resources. We find that as long as the goals of Czech National Action Plan for Renewable Energy will be implemented, the costs on photovoltaics support will account for more than one half of all costs on renewable energy, combined production of electricity and heat and other secondary resources. The article also provides brief overview of the photovoltaic market in the Czech Republic with its past, present and possible future developments.
2014-03-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54108/1/MPRA_paper_54108.pdf
Janda, Karel and Krska, Stepan and Prusa, Jan (2014): Odhad nákladů na podporu české fotovoltaické energie.
cs
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:54318
2019-09-26T16:41:26Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3934
7375626A656374733D51:5134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54318/
Influence of wind power on hourly electricity prices and GHG emissions: Evidence that congestion matters from Ontario zonal data
Amor, Mourad Ben
Billette de Villemeur, Etienne
Pellat, Marie
Pineau, Pierre-Olivier
L94 - Electric Utilities
Q4 - Energy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
With the growing share of wind production, understanding its impacts on electricity price and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions becomes increasingly relevant, especially to design better wind-supporting policies. Internal grid congestion is usually not taken into account when assessing the price impact of fluctuating wind output. Using 2006-2011 hourly data from Ontario (Canada) , we establish that the impact of wind output, both on price level and marginal GHG emissions, greatly differs depending on the congestion level. Indeed, from a 3.3% price reduction when wind production doubles, the reduction jumps to 5.5% during uncongested hours, but is only 0.8% when congestion prevails. Similarly, avoided GHG emissions due to wind are estimated to 331.93 kilograms per megawatt-hour (kg/MWh) using all data, while for uncongested and congested hours, estimates are respectively 283.49 and 393.68 kg/MWh. These empirical estimates, being based on 2006-2011 Ontario data, cannot be generalized to other contexts. The main contribution of this paper is to underscore the importance of congestion in assessing the price and GHG impacts of wind. We also contribute by developing an approach to create clusters of data according to the congestion status and location. Finally, we compare different approaches to estimate avoided GHG emissions.
2014-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54318/1/MPRA_paper_53630.pdf
Amor, Mourad Ben and Billette de Villemeur, Etienne and Pellat, Marie and Pineau, Pierre-Olivier (2014): Influence of wind power on hourly electricity prices and GHG emissions: Evidence that congestion matters from Ontario zonal data. Forthcoming in: Energy (2014)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55087
2019-09-28T11:11:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55087/
Implications of integrating electricity supply dynamics into life cycle assessment: a case study of renewable distributed generation
Amor, Mourad Ben
Gaudreault, Caroline
Pineau, Pierre-Olivier
Samson, Réjean
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
Electricity supply is frequently cited as a significant hot spot in life cycle assessment (LCA) results. Despite its importance, however, LCA research continues to overuse simplified methodologies regarding electricity supply modeling. This work aims to demonstrate the usefulness of electricity trade analysis (proposed model) for integrating the short-term dynamics of electricity supply and refining LCA results. Distributed generation using renewable energy is applied as a case study to demonstrate how electricity trade analysis provides more refined estimates when environmental impact abatements are assessed compared with the conventional (simplified) approaches in LCA. Grid-connected photovoltaic panel (3 kWp mono- and poly-crystalline) and micro-wind turbine (1, 10 and 30 kW) environmental impact abatements are investigated by determining the displaced marginal electricity production on an hourly basis. The results indicate that environmental impact abatements calculated using the developed short-term time horizon approach can be significantly different (up to 200% difference) from those obtained using a simplified approach. Recommendations are provided to LCA practitioners to address this issue of differing results.
2014-03-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55087/1/MPRA_paper_55087.pdf
Amor, Mourad Ben and Gaudreault, Caroline and Pineau, Pierre-Olivier and Samson, Réjean (2014): Implications of integrating electricity supply dynamics into life cycle assessment: a case study of renewable distributed generation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55617
2019-09-26T16:41:26Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3934
7375626A656374733D51:5134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55617/
Influence of wind power on hourly electricity prices and GHG emissions: Evidence that congestion matters from Ontario zonal data
Amor, Mourad Ben
Billette de Villemeur, Etienne
Pellat, Marie
Pineau, Pierre-Olivier
L94 - Electric Utilities
Q4 - Energy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
With the growing share of wind production, understanding its impacts on electricity price and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions becomes increasingly relevant, especially to design better wind-supporting policies. Internal grid congestion is usually not taken into account when assessing the price impact of fluctuating wind output. Using 2006-2011 hourly data from Ontario (Canada) , we establish that the impact of wind output, both on price level and marginal GHG emissions, greatly differs depending on the congestion level. Indeed, from a 3.3% price reduction when wind production doubles, the reduction jumps to 5.5% during uncongested hours, but is only 0.8% when congestion prevails. Similarly, avoided GHG emissions due to wind are estimated to 331.93 kilograms per megawatt-hour (kg/MWh) using all data, while for uncongested and congested hours, estimates are respectively 283.49 and 393.68 kg/MWh. These empirical estimates, being based on 2006-2011 Ontario data, cannot be generalized to other contexts. The main contribution of this paper is to underscore the importance of congestion in assessing the price and GHG impacts of wind. We also contribute by developing an approach to create clusters of data according to the congestion status and location. Finally, we compare different approaches to estimate avoided GHG emissions.
2014-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55617/1/MPRA_paper_53630.pdf
Amor, Mourad Ben and Billette de Villemeur, Etienne and Pellat, Marie and Pineau, Pierre-Olivier (2014): Influence of wind power on hourly electricity prices and GHG emissions: Evidence that congestion matters from Ontario zonal data. Published in: Energy , Vol. 66, (March 2014): pp. 458-469.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55931
2019-09-27T06:25:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443233
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3232
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3332
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3934
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55931/
Research Perspectives on Renewable Energy Cooperatives in Germany: Empirical Insights and Theoretical Lenses
Yildiz, Özgür
Rommel, Jens
Debor, Sarah
Holstenkamp, Lars
Mey, Franziska
Müller, Jakob R.
Radtke, Jörg
Rognli, Judith
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
L32 - Public Enterprises ; Public-Private Enterprises
L94 - Electric Utilities
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Transformation of energy systems is influencing economic policy agendas all over the world, particularly so in industrialized countries. In this process, Germany has taken a pioneering role. Technical innovations, institutional frameworks, and business models established there are of interest for other countries trying to achieve broader use of renewable energies. Energy cooperatives have been an important building block of the energy transition in Germany, though their practical importance is neither quantitatively nor qualitatively reflected in the academic literature. Drawing on recently collected data, this paper presents an overview of German energy cooperatives in terms of their (1) organization, (2) membership, and (3) financing. We then review theories from economics and the social sciences that, on various levels, have been used to analyze cooperatives in other fields or other forms of community-driven organization. We discuss how these theories could be applied for a better understanding of energy cooperatives, derive a preliminary research agenda and assess the scope for interdisciplinary work among economists, sociologists, and other related disciplines.
2014-04-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55931/1/MPRA_paper_55931.pdf
Yildiz, Özgür and Rommel, Jens and Debor, Sarah and Holstenkamp, Lars and Mey, Franziska and Müller, Jakob R. and Radtke, Jörg and Rognli, Judith (2014): Research Perspectives on Renewable Energy Cooperatives in Germany: Empirical Insights and Theoretical Lenses.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56246
2019-09-26T18:26:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4430
7375626A656374733D44:4434
7375626A656374733D51:5134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56246/
Estimating the impact of wind generation and wind forecast errors on energy prices and costs in Ireland
Swinand, Gregory P
O'Mahoney, Amy
D0 - General
D4 - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design
Q4 - Energy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
This paper studies the impact of wind generation on system costs and prices in Ireland. The need to mitigate climate change, achieve renewables energy targets, and use renewable sources of energy means that many countries are considering greater levels of wind generation in their power generation mix. The overall impact of wind generation on system costs and performance has only been studied recently, and often with limited actual data from power systems with increased wind penetration. The paper uses a unique dataset of half-hourly system demand, generation, wind forecast generation, and actual wind generation, along with Irish system marginal price (SMP) data from 2008 to autumn 2012. An econometric time-series model of SMP as a function of forecast and realized demand and wind generation is formed. The costs of balancing and system constraints are included in the cost of ‘uplift’, and thus the total cost of a variety of factors is included in our estimates for Ireland. Our results suggest that each 1% increase in wind generation reduces SMP in Ireland by about 0.06%, while each 1% wind forecast error increases SMP about 0.02%. In absolute terms, though, at the mean the impact of wind forecast errors is small, or about 0.4€cent/MWh-wind generated. However, the impact per MWh forecast error is about €1.
2014
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56246/2/MPRA_paper_56246.pdf
Swinand, Gregory P and O'Mahoney, Amy (2014): Estimating the impact of wind generation and wind forecast errors on energy prices and costs in Ireland.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56741
2019-09-26T15:14:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3239
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513431
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513437
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56741/
Recent Evidence on Residential Electricity Consumption Determinants: A Panel Two-Stage Least Squares Analysis, 2001-2005
Cebula, Richard
Herder, Nate
J29 - Other
Q41 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q47 - Energy Forecasting
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
This empirical study seeks to provide evidence identifying key factors that have influenced per residential customer electricity consumption in the U.S. during recent years. This empirical analysis takes the form of P2SLS (panel two-stage least squares) estimations. State-level data are adopted for the five-year period from 2001 through 2005. The P2SLS findings indicate that the annual consumption of electricity per residential customer is an increasing function of the annual number of cooling degree days, real per capita personal disposable income, and the real unit price of natural gas. Annual per residential customer electricity consumption is also found to be a decreasing function of the real unit price of electricity and the extent of usage of natural gas for residential heating, as well as the degree to which each state has pursued energy efficiency policies. Finally, said consumption is also found to be positively a function of a control variable measuring peak summer electricity generating capacity.
2009-02-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56741/1/MPRA_paper_56741.pdf
Cebula, Richard and Herder, Nate (2009): Recent Evidence on Residential Electricity Consumption Determinants: A Panel Two-Stage Least Squares Analysis, 2001-2005. Published in: Research in Business and Economics Journal , Vol. 2, No. 1 (31 March 2010): pp. 4-10.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:57261
2019-09-29T09:14:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433333
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463138
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3434
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57261/
The Dynamic Linkage between CO2 emissions, Economic Growth, Renewable Energy Consumption, Number of Tourist Arrivals and Trade
Ben Jebli, Mehdi
Ben Youssef, Slim
Apergis, Nicholas
C33 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
F18 - Trade and Environment
O44 - Environment and Growth
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
This study explores the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic growth, renewable energy consumption, the number of tourist arrivals and trade in Central and South America spanning the period 1995-2010. We apply panel cointegration techniques and panel Granger causality tests to investigate the relationship across the variables both in the short- and in the long-run. The empirical findings reveal the presence of a long-run relationship across the variables under investigation. Furthermore, short-run dynamics show a unidirectional causality running from renewable energy consumption to CO2 emissions and from renewable energy consumption to trade. In addition, there is a unidirectional short-run causal link without feedback effects from economic growth to trade and the number of tourist arrivals as well as a unidirectional causality running from the number of tourist arrivals to trade. In the long-run, there is evidence of bidirectional causality between emissions, renewable energy consumption and the number of tourist arrivals. Long-run estimates highlight that both the number of tourist arrivals and renewable energy consumption contribute to the reduction of emissions, while both real GDP and trade contribute to the increase of emissions.
2014-07-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57261/1/MPRA_paper_57261.pdf
Ben Jebli, Mehdi and Ben Youssef, Slim and Apergis, Nicholas (2014): The Dynamic Linkage between CO2 emissions, Economic Growth, Renewable Energy Consumption, Number of Tourist Arrivals and Trade.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:57494
2019-10-07T15:18:01Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433630
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57494/
Setting environmental policy when experts disagree
Athanassoglou, Stergios
Bosetti, Valentina
C60 - General
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q48 - Government Policy
How can a decision-maker assess the potential of environmental policies when a group of experts provides divergent estimates on their effectiveness? To address this question, we propose and analyze a variant of the well-studied $\alpha$-maxmin model in decision theory. In our framework, and consistent to the paper's empirical focus on renewable-energy R\&D investment, experts' subjective probability distributions are allowed to be action-dependent. In addition, the decision maker constrains the sets of priors to be considered via a parsimonious measure of their distance to a benchmark ``average'' distribution that grants equal weight to all experts. While our model is formally rooted in the decision-theoretic framework of Olszewski~\cite{o07}, it may also be viewed as a structured form of sensitivity analysis. We apply our framework to original data from a recent expert elicitation survey on solar energy. The analysis suggests that more aggressive investment in solar energy R\&D is likely to yield significant dividends even, or rather especially, after taking expert ambiguity into account.
2012-04-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57494/1/MPRA_paper_57494.pdf
Athanassoglou, Stergios and Bosetti, Valentina (2012): Setting environmental policy when experts disagree. Forthcoming in: Environmental and Resource Economics
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:57827
2019-09-26T10:28:21Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3338
7375626A656374733D51:5132
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57827/
Is Germany’s Energy Transition a case of successful Green Industrial Policy? Contrasting wind and solar PV
Pegels, Anna
Lütkenhorst, Wilfried
O3 - Innovation ; Research and Development ; Technological Change ; Intellectual Property Rights
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
O38 - Government Policy
Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q48 - Government Policy
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
In this paper, we address the challenge of Germany’s energy transition (Energiewende) as the centrepiece of the country’s green industrial policy. In addition to contributing to global climate change objectives, the Energiewende is intended to create a leading position for German industry in renewable energy technologies, boost innovative capabilities and create employment opportunities in future growth markets at the least possible cost. The success in reaching these aims, and indeed the future of the entire concept, is hotly debated.
The paper aims to provide an up-to-date assessment of what has become a fierce controversy by comparing solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy along five policy objectives: 1) competitiveness, 2) innovation, 3) job creation, 4) climate change mitigation, and 5) cost. We find mixed evidence that Germany reaches its green industrial policy aims at reasonable costs. Wind energy seems to perform better against all policy objectives, while the solar PV sector has come under intense pressure from international competition. However, this is only a snapshot of current performance, and the long term and systemic perspective required for the energy sector transformation suggests a need for a balanced mix of a variety of clean energy sources.
2014
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57827/1/MPRA_paper_57827.pdf
Pegels, Anna and Lütkenhorst, Wilfried (2014): Is Germany’s Energy Transition a case of successful Green Industrial Policy? Contrasting wind and solar PV. Forthcoming in: Energy Policy (2014)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:57868
2019-09-27T22:51:58Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D52:5234:523431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57868/
Reduction in Local Ozone Levels in Urban São Paulo Due to a Shift from Ethanol to Gasoline Use
Salvo, A
Geiger, F
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion ; Travel Time ; Safety and Accidents ; Transportation Noise
It has been proposed that lower NOx emission fuels such as ethanol can mitigate air pollution from vehicles burning oil-based hydrocarbons. Yet, existing modeling and laboratory studies, even those seeking to simulate the same environment, vary in their predictions of how gasoline/ethanol blends affect atmospheric pollutant concentrations, including ozone. Importantly, ambient concentrations have not been evaluated during an actual – as opposed to hypothetical – shift in fuel mix in a real-world environment. Here, we report the first such study, for the subtropical megacity of São Paulo, Brazil. We combine detailed street-hour level data on regulated pollutant concentrations, meteorology, and traffic with fuel shares from a consumer demand model to compare concentrations across subsamples that differ only in the fuel mix but are otherwise similar in meteorology, anthropogenic activity, and biogenic emissions. As the gasoline share of the bi-fuel light-duty vehicle fleet rose by 62 percentage points, we estimate a robust and statistically significant reduction of about 20% in ozone concentrations, and less precise increases in NO and CO concentrations. We propose that our “model-free” analysis potentially accounts for the interaction between anthropogenic and biogenic emissions and caution that successful strategies against ozone pollution require knowledge of the local chemistry and analysis beyond the presently monitored pollutants, most notably fine particles.
2014-02-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57868/1/MPRA_paper_57868.pdf
Salvo, A and Geiger, F (2014): Reduction in Local Ozone Levels in Urban São Paulo Due to a Shift from Ethanol to Gasoline Use. Published in: Nature Geoscience , Vol. 6, No. 7 (1 June 2014): pp. 450-458.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:58696
2019-09-26T14:52:03Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336
7375626A656374733D51:5132
7375626A656374733D51:5134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513437
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/58696/
Grid integration and smart grid implementation of emerging technologies in electric power systems through approximate dynamic programming
Xiao, Jingjie
C6 - Mathematical Methods ; Programming Models ; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling
Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
Q4 - Energy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q47 - Energy Forecasting
Q48 - Government Policy
A key hurdle for implementing real-time pricing of electricity is a lack of con-sumers’ responses. Solutions to overcome the hurdle include the energy management system that automatically optimizes household appliance usage such as plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging (and discharging with vehicle-to-grid) via a two-way com-munication with the grid. Real-time pricing, combined with household automation devices, has a potential to accommodate an increasing penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. In addition, the intelligent energy controller on the consumer-side can help increase the utilization rate of the intermittent renewable resource, as the demand can be managed to match the output profile of renewables, thus making the intermittent resource such as wind and solar more economically competitive in the long run.
One of the main goals of this dissertation is to present how real-time retail pricing, aided by control automation devices, can be integrated into the wholesale electricity market under various uncertainties through approximate dynamic programming. What distinguishes this study from the existing work in the literature is that whole-sale electricity prices are endogenously determined as we solve a system operator’s economic dispatch problem on an hourly basis over the entire optimization horizon. This modeling and algorithm framework will allow a feedback loop between electricity prices and electricity consumption to be fully captured. While we are interested in a near-optimal solution using approximate dynamic programming; deterministic linear programming benchmarks are use to demonstrate the quality of our solutions.The other goal of the dissertation is to use this framework to provide numerical ev-idence to the debate on whether real-time pricing is superior than the current flat rate structure in terms of both economic and environmental impacts. For this pur-pose, the modeling and algorithm framework is tested on a large-scale test case with hundreds of power plants based on data available for California, making our findings useful for policy makers, system operators and utility companies to gain a concrete understanding on the scale of the impact with real-time pricing.
2013-08-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/58696/1/MPRA_paper_58696.pdf
Xiao, Jingjie (2013): Grid integration and smart grid implementation of emerging technologies in electric power systems through approximate dynamic programming. Published in: Ph.D. Dissertation (13 August 2013)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:59165
2019-09-27T02:37:16Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59165/
Do Mandatory U.S. State Renewable Portfolio Standards Increase Electricity Prices?
Wang, Hongbo
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q48 - Government Policy
Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) are U.S. state mandates that utilities produce some of their electricity using renewable energy sources in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. While advocates highlight the potential long-term benefits of RPS, critics argue that RPS will increase electricity prices due to the higher costs of renewable energy generation. However, to date, there are no published empirical studies of the effect of RPS on electricity prices. Using state-level panel data from 1990 to 2011 and the difference-in-differences (DID) method, I find that implementation increases electricity prices when the RPS policy first becomes binding.
2014-10-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59165/1/MPRA_paper_59165.pdf
Wang, Hongbo (2014): Do Mandatory U.S. State Renewable Portfolio Standards Increase Electricity Prices? Forthcoming in: Growth and Change
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:59208
2019-10-10T10:52:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D43:4337
7375626A656374733D51:5134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59208/
Managing investor and consumer exposure to electricity market price risks through Feed-in Tariff design
Devine, Mel
Farrell, Niall
Lee, William
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
Q4 - Energy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q58 - Government Policy
Feed-in Tariffs (FiTs) incentivise the deployment of renewable energy technologies by subsidising
remuneration and transferring market price risk from investors, through policymakers, to a counterparty.
This counterparty is often the electricity consumer. Different FiT structures exist, with each
transferring market price risk to varying degrees. Explicit consideration of policymaker/consumer
risk burden has not been incorporated in FiT analyses to date. Using Stackelberg game theory
and option pricing, we define FiT policies that efficiently divide market price risk, conditional
on risk preferences and market conditions. We find that commonly employed flat-rate FiTs are
optimal when policymaker risk aversion is extremely low whilst constant premium policies are
optimal when investor risk aversion is extremely low. This suggests that if investors are considerably
risk averse, the additional remuneration offered to incentivise deployment under a constant
premium regime may be sub-optimal. Similarly, flat-rate FiTs are sub-optimal if policymakers are
considerably risk averse. When both policymakers and investors are considerably risk averse, an
intermediate division of risk is optimal. We find that investor preferences are more influential than
those of the policymaker when degrees of risk aversion are of a similar magnitude. Efficient division
of risk is of increasing importance as renewables comprise a greater share of total electricity
cost. Different divisions of market price risk may thus be optimal at different stages of renewables
deployment. Flexibility in FiT legislation may be required to accommodate this
2014-07-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59208/3/MPRA_paper_59208.pdf
Devine, Mel and Farrell, Niall and Lee, William (2014): Managing investor and consumer exposure to electricity market price risks through Feed-in Tariff design.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:59663
2019-10-01T11:31:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4832
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D48:4837
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483732
7375626A656374733D51:5134
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D52:5231
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59663/
What blows in with the wind?
De Silva, Dakshina G.
McComb, Robert P.
Schiller, Anita R.
H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
H7 - State and Local Government ; Intergovernmental Relations
H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
Q4 - Energy
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q48 - Government Policy
R1 - General Regional Economics
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
The shift toward renewable forms of energy for electricity generation in the electricity generation industry has clear implications for the spatial distribution of generating plant. Traditional forms of generation are typically located close to the load or population centers, while wind and solar-powered generation must be located where the energy source is found. In the case of wind, this has meant significant new investment in wind plant in primarily rural areas that have been in secular economic decline. This paper investigates the localized economic impacts of the rapid increase in wind power capacity at the county level in Texas. Unlike Input-Output impact analysis that relies primarily on levels of inputs to estimate gross impacts, we use traditional econometric methods to estimate net localized impacts in terms of employment, personal income, property tax base, and key public school expenditure levels. While we find evidence that both direct and indirect employment impacts are modest, significant increases in per capita income accompany wind power development. County and school property tax rolls also realize important benefits from the local siting of utility scale wind power although peculiarities in Texas school funding shift localized property tax benefits to the state.
2014-11-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59663/9/MPRA_paper_59663.pdf
De Silva, Dakshina G. and McComb, Robert P. and Schiller, Anita R. (2014): What blows in with the wind?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:59827
2019-09-26T10:35:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59827/
The dynamic interaction between combustible renewables and waste consumption and international tourism: The case of Tunisia
Ben Jebli, Mehdi
Ben Youssef, Slim
Apergis, Nicholas
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
O55 - Africa
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
This paper employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds methodological approach to investigate the relationship between economic growth, combustible renewables and waste consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and international tourism for the case of Tunisia spanning the period 1990-2010. The results from the Fisher statistic of both the Wald-test and the Johansen test confirm the presence of a long-run relationship among the variables under investigation. The stability of estimated parameters has been tested, while Granger causality tests recommend a short-run unidirectional causality running from economic growth and combustible renewables and waste consumption to CO2 emissions, a bidirectional causality between economic growth and combustible renewables and waste consumption and unidirectional causality running from economic growth and combustible renewables and waste consumption to international tourism. In the long-run, the error correction terms confirm the presence of bidirectional causality relationships between economic growth, CO2 emissions, combustible renewables and waste consumption and international tourism. Our long-run estimates show that combustible renewables and waste consumption increases international tourism, and both renewables and waste consumption and international tourism increase CO2 emissions and output. We recommend that: (i) Tunisia should use more combustible renewables and waste energy as this eliminates wastes from especially tourist zones and increases the number of tourist arrivals, leading to economic growth, and (ii) a fraction of this economic growth generated by the increase in combustible renewables and waste consumption should be invested in clean renewable energy production (i.e., solar, wind, geothermal) and energy efficiency projects.
2014-11-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59827/1/MPRA_paper_59827.pdf
Ben Jebli, Mehdi and Ben Youssef, Slim and Apergis, Nicholas (2014): The dynamic interaction between combustible renewables and waste consumption and international tourism: The case of Tunisia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:59975
2019-09-29T12:14:59Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513230
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513431
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59975/
An analysis of long-term scenarios for the transition to renewable energy in Greece
Halkos, George
Kevork, Ilias
Galani, Georgia
Tzeremes, Panagiotis
Q20 - General
Q40 - General
Q41 - Demand and Supply ; Prices
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
This study is focused on the construction of long – term scenarios for the transition to renewable energy. Utilizing European and national targets, the key objective of this work is to investigate how these targets are reflected in both economic and environmental terms. The constructed model via the Long range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) software describes the impacts of energy supply and demand along with their implications for national long – term policy. Specifically, the research provides a look to the 2030 horizon in the energy and power system in Greece. Three scenarios are generated under different options, baseline (which is based on historical trends), target 2020 (which is based on the European target set in 2020) and target 2030 (which is based on the European target set in 2030). Furthermore, two additional scenarios are developed for the Greek GDP growth; the first one based on the International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates and the second taking into account the estimates of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The results show a substantial shift in the electricity generation mix by 2030, something that has to be reversed into renewable energy solutions.
2014-11-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/59975/1/MPRA_paper_59975.pdf
Halkos, George and Kevork, Ilias and Galani, Georgia and Tzeremes, Panagiotis (2014): An analysis of long-term scenarios for the transition to renewable energy in Greece.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:60360
2019-09-27T07:43:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433635
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60360/
Analyzing the Effect of Real Exchange Rate on Petrochemicals Exporting
Delavari, Majid
Baranpour, Naghmeh
Abdeshahi, Abbas
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
The export of petrochemical products -as a type of non-oil export- plays a key role in the economic development of our country. This is of special importance in light of the structure of Iran's economy that is oil-based. Identifying the factors affecting the export of petrochemical products can improve their export. Using Johansen-Juselius co-integration method and the error correction model, the present study purports to investigate the effects of the real foreign exchange rate and the total value of petrochemical products on the export of these products in Iran. This research used data from 1989 to 2012. It was found that the real foreign exchange rate and the real value of total petrochemical products positively affect their export in the long run, and the effect of the former is greater than that of the latter. However, in the short run the effect of the foreign exchange rate on the export of petrochemical products is more significant.
2014-11-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60360/1/MPRA_paper_60360.pdf
Delavari, Majid and Baranpour, Naghmeh and Abdeshahi, Abbas (2014): Analyzing the Effect of Real Exchange Rate on Petrochemicals Exporting.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:60807
2019-09-29T03:15:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60807/
Abating CO2 emissions in the Greek energy and industry sectors
Halkos, George
Tzeremes, Nickolaos
Kourtzidis, Stavros
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
The purpose of this paper is to construct the abatement cost curve for the Greek Energy and Industry sectors. To achieve our goal we present and analyze the abatement options available in the sector of energy and in the industrial subsectors of petroleum and gas refinery, cement and iron and steel. Next, we estimate and present the costs and abatement potentials for each abatement option in each sector. We also present the cost-effective options for individual energy and industrial sources. Finally, the marginal abatement cost curve is constructed and the policy implications are discussed. Our analysis reveals a promising potential for pollution reduction and a wide range of cost-effective abatement options.
2014-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/60807/1/MPRA_paper_60807.pdf
Halkos, George and Tzeremes, Nickolaos and Kourtzidis, Stavros (2014): Abating CO2 emissions in the Greek energy and industry sectors.
en
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