2024-03-28T14:24:58Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:375
2019-10-03T17:52:54Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/375/
Political economy of citizens’ participation in environmental improvement: The case of Istanbul
Adaman, Fikret
Gökşen, Fatoş
Zenginobuz, Unal
Q50 - General
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
Q58 - Government Policy
We aim at questioning, within a political economy framework, the institutional context of environmental policies for the case of Turkey in general and of Istanbul in particular. The paper is centred around a survey study conducted with citizens of Istanbul (n=1565), a metropolitan city whose population is around 9 millions, with regard to their attitudes and behaviours on environmental issues, together with a set of in-depth interviews (n=16) carried out with representatives of business, NGOs, trade unions, and bureaucrats. The point of departure of the paper is the claim that environmental policies are likely to alter, overtly or covertly, the income distribution of societies, and ipso facto those who will be worse off in the ex-post sense will have a clear incentive to influence public authorities and politicians (be they central or local units) in not implementing them—their success depending of course on the extent to which the governing body is not sterile but open to corruption (the so-called “government failures”). The implication of the existence of such government failures on the enforceability of regulations dealing with environmental issues is certainly an area to which attention has recently been given, both at theoretical and empirical levels, where the issue of institutional context has emerged as one if not the important issue in addressing such failures. Turkey, being one of the clear examples of the existence of such corruptive elements, should certainly offer rich inputs to the said discussion, and the paper makes an attempt to questioning the institutional aspect of environmental policies from the point of view of citizens of Istanbul and of different stakeholders.
2003-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/375/1/MPRA_paper_375.pdf
Adaman, Fikret and Gökşen, Fatoş and Zenginobuz, Unal (2003): Political economy of citizens’ participation in environmental improvement: The case of Istanbul. Published in: Integrating and Articulating Environments: A Challenge for Northern and Southern Europe, , Vol. Volume, No. Integrated Assessment Series (2003): pp. 73-90.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2010
2019-09-27T13:02:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513235
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513230
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2010/
Payments for Environmental Services in Costa Rica
Pagiola, Stefano
Q58 - Government Policy
Q25 - Water
Q20 - General
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
Q50 - General
Q28 - Government Policy
Q23 - Forestry
Costa Rica pioneered the use of the payments for environmental services (PES) approach in developing countries by establishing a formal, country-wide program of payments, the PSA program. The PSA program has worked hard to develop mechanisms to charge the users of environmental services for the services they receive. It has made substantial progress in charging water users, and more limited progress in charging biodiversity and carbon sequestration users. Because of the way it makes payments to service providers (using approaches largely inherited from earlier programs), however, the PSA program has considerable room for improvement in the efficiency with which it generates environmental services. With experience, many of these weaknesses are being gradually corrected as the PSA program evolves towards a much more targeted and differentiated program. An important lesson is the need to be flexible and to adapt to lessons learned and to changing circumstances.
2006-12-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2010/1/MPRA_paper_2010.pdf
Pagiola, Stefano (2006): Payments for Environmental Services in Costa Rica.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2540
2019-09-26T18:08:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513130
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2540/
Sustainable Cotton Production through Skill Development among Farmers: Evidence from Khairpur District of Sindh, Pakistan
Khan, M. Azeem
Iqbal, Muhammad
Q10 - General
Q50 - General
This study on farmers’ training in environment friendly production practices for cotton crop was conducted in the Khairpur district of Sindh province. Data used in this study comprises baseline and post IPM Farmer Field School (FFS) impact surveys conducted during 2001 and 2003 respectively. The programme impacts were estimated on gross margins and changes in farmers’ attitude towards environment and biodiversity. The effect of training on social recognition of farmers, their experimentations abilities, and decision making skills were also examined. Beside single difference comparisons of change in production practices between trained and non-trained farmers, the difference in difference (DD) method was also used for comparisons among FFS farmers, exposed farmers and un-exposed farmers from control villages. The stochastic production frontier model incorporating inefficiency effects is also estimated to analyze the impact of farmers’ training (through FFS) on productivity and efficiency at cotton farms in the study area. Results show better cotton yield and reduction in cost of pesticides and fertilizer inputs enabled FFS farmers to fetch significantly higher gross margins (US$ 391/ha) than non-FFS (US$ 151/ha) and Control farms (US$ 25/ha). The total application of pesticide chemicals was largely reduced (44%) on FFS farms. The cost of inefficiency at FFS farms was lower (23.71%) as compared to those on non-FFS farms (30.50%) which implies that FFS farmers were able to maintain higher level of technical efficiency. It is concluded that the FFS approach is not only cost efficient but also improves farm level technical efficiency. Information generated through Agro-ecosystem analysis on pest and predator dynamics helps farmers to understand pest-predator interaction to allow nature to work with lesser or most appropriate interventions. A well-planned technical backup support mechanism is recommended to be evolved through integrating research system into farmer-led experimentation. The Programme achievements show that FFS approach in Pakistan has furthered from only crop management to systems management and community development approach and should be supported further to enter into mass scale expansion state.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2540/1/MPRA_paper_2540.pdf
Khan, M. Azeem and Iqbal, Muhammad (2005): Sustainable Cotton Production through Skill Development among Farmers: Evidence from Khairpur District of Sindh, Pakistan. Published in: The Pakistan Development Review , Vol. 44, No. 4 (2005): pp. 695-716.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5983
2019-09-27T12:51:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473338
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5983/
A survey of the Romanian Environmental Fund
Dănuleţiu, Dan-Constantin
Teiuşan, Sorin-Ciprian
Q50 - General
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
G38 - Government Policy and Regulation
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
Q58 - Government Policy
The environment protection is considered to be a legitimate domain of the national policies in Romania since 1990, when the former Ministry of Environment appeared. Later on, the Environment Security National Strategy had been elaborated, being considered the first official document establishing the national objectives of that specific field. But the environment policies will be highly developed starting with 2000, when Romania’s preparation to join the European Union started; and this flourishing flow will take place according to European Union’s elaborated strategy regarding the candidate states within Agenda 2000. Due to the complexity of concerns on the EU acquis in the environment security field, Romania obtained a series of transition steps necessary for the high costs. Therefore, our country created the Environment Funds, namely an economic-financial tool designated to sustain and develop the environment protection projects. The present paper aims to present and analyze the way of creating, managing and using this fund from the perspective of the accomplished goals. So, there are brought into play the modalities and income sources of the Romanian Environmental Fund, the contributions paid to the fund and their payers. The environment protection projects financed by this fund, the norms required and the rewarded fields of this domain are also taken into consideration. In the end, there are exposed some measures that should be taken in order to determine a more active involvement of the potential beneficiaries in accessing grants financed by the Environmental Fund.
2007-11-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5983/1/MPRA_paper_5983.pdf
Dănuleţiu, Dan-Constantin and Teiuşan, Sorin-Ciprian (2007): A survey of the Romanian Environmental Fund.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:6472
2019-09-26T20:31:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513235
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31
7375626A656374733D49:4932
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6472/
Environment, Human Development and Economic Growth after Liberalisation: An Analysis of Indian States
Mukherjee, Sacchidananda
Chakraborty, Debashis
Q50 - General
O10 - General
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q24 - Land
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q25 - Water
O1 - Economic Development
I2 - Education and Research Institutions
Q40 - General
O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
I10 - General
Economic growth does not necessarily ensure environmental sustainability for a country. The relationship between the two is far more complicated for developing countries like India, given the dependence of a large section of the population on natural resources for livelihood. Under
this backdrop, the current study attempts to analyze the relationships among Environmental Quality (EQ), Human Development (HD) and Economic Growth (EG) for 14 major Indian States during post liberalisation period (1991-2004). Further, for understanding the changes in EQ with the advancement of economic liberalisation, the analysis is carried out by dividing the sample period into two: Period A (1990–1996) and Period B (1997–2004). For both the sub-periods, 63 environmental indicators have been clustered under eight broad environmental groups and an overall index of EQ using the HDI methodology. The EQ ranks of the States exhibit variation over time, implying that environment has both spatial and temporal dimensions. Ranking of the States across different environmental criteria (groups) show that different States possess different strengths and weaknesses in managing various aspects of EQ. The HDI rankings of the States for the two periods are constructed by the HDI technique following the National Human Development Report 2001 methodology. We attempt to test for the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis through multivariate OLS regression models, which indicate presence of non-linear relationship between several individual environmental groups and per capita net state domestic product (PCNSDP). The relationship between EQ and economic growth however does not become clear from the current study. The regression results involving individual environment groups and HDI score indicate a slanting N-shaped relationship. The paper concludes that individual States should adopt environmental management practices based on their local (at the most disaggregated level) environmental information. Moreover, since environmental sustainability and human well-being are complementary to each other, individual States should attempt to translate the economic growth to human well-being.
2007-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6472/1/MPRA_paper_6472.pdf
Mukherjee, Sacchidananda and Chakraborty, Debashis (2007): Environment, Human Development and Economic Growth after Liberalisation: An Analysis of Indian States.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:8683
2019-09-28T00:55:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473330
7375626A656374733D4C:4C30:4C3030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8683/
Achieving sustainable development: the Integrative Improvement Institutes Project
Douglas, Graham
Q50 - General
G30 - General
L00 - General
The challenges we face in our economies and societies in our divided unsustainable world are perhaps greater than at any other time. These challenges have arisen because of how we have been trained to think, plan and act as individuals and how we have applied this training to the way we organise and govern ourselves. We have thought, planned, organised, governed and acted as though our world is comprised of parts that can be separately exploited by humans and managed by us from one stable state to another. We have forgotten we are just one species in a complex natural world. We have tended to act without a sense of wholeness - without integrity. Meeting these challenges will require new approaches to how we are trained to think, plan and act as individuals and how we are trained to organise and govern. These new approaches will need to be based on our current scientific understanding of our world and the human mind.
The Integrative Improvement Institutes™ Project directly addresses these challenges in a novel way. It is designed to improve the well-being of people and their physical, social and cultural environments through low-cost adaptive diffusion, refinement and implementation of a unique bottom-up Integrative Improvement™ (II) approach for achieving sustainable development.
II emphasises dynamic connections, relationships and interactions in line with our current scientific understanding of the world as tending to be self-organising with human beings whose minds are naturally integrative. II improves in a balanced, integrative and sustainable way the lives people already have. II involves training individuals in Integrative Thinking™ and complementary tools and encouraging and facilitating Integrative Governance™ enabled by technology in all government, business and civil society organisations. II progress is measured by indicators of well-being such as The Australia Institute’s Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI).
2006-12-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8683/1/MPRA_paper_8683.pdf
Douglas, Graham (2006): Achieving sustainable development: the Integrative Improvement Institutes Project.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:10591
2019-10-24T18:15:53Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11279
2019-10-02T12:17:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3537
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11279/
Sustainable consumption and happiness
Veenhoven, Ruut
Q50 - General
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
Q01 - Sustainable Development
D60 - General
Q30 - General
One of the reasons for promoting sustainable consumption is that it may give rise to greater happiness of a greater number, at least in the long run. In this paper I explore the strength of that moral account. I take stock of the assumed effects of sustainable consumption on happiness and next review the empirical evidence for such effects on the present generation. I make also educated guesses about consequences for the happiness of later generations.
The evidence suggests that a shift to sustainable consumption involve a minor reduction of happiness, at least temporarily, but that we can live quite happy with less luxury. Sustainable consumption of the present generation will only add to the happiness of future generations if it prevents major ecological disasters or if exhaustion of resources will reduce to poverty. Moral justification of sustainable consumption can better appeal to the inherent value of the things it aims to sustain than on human happiness
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11279/1/MPRA_paper_11279.pdf
Veenhoven, Ruut (2004): Sustainable consumption and happiness.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:11588
2019-09-26T13:17:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11588/
More information isn’t always better: the case of voluntary provision of environmental quality
Owen, Ann L.
Videras, Julio
Wu, Stephen
Q50 - General
H41 - Public Goods
This paper adds to the literature on the voluntary provision of public goods by showing that the warm glow that individuals gain depends on the perceived relative effectiveness of contributions. We use a new survey on pro-environment behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge and find that individuals act in accordance with their beliefs, regardless of whether or not these beliefs are accurate, and engage more frequently in activities that have a higher perceived impact on environmental quality. We find that low provision of the public good is greater among people who believe they cannot do much for the environment and do not consider themselves environmentalists.
2008-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11588/1/MPRA_paper_11588.pdf
Owen, Ann L. and Videras, Julio and Wu, Stephen (2008): More information isn’t always better: the case of voluntary provision of environmental quality.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12083
2019-09-28T06:40:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12083/
The role of information provision as a policy instrument to supplement environmental taxes: Empowering consumers to choose optimally
Sartzetakis, Eftichis
Xepapadeas, Anastasios
Petrakis, Emmanuel
Q50 - General
H21 - Efficiency ; Optimal Taxation
The present paper examines, within a dynamic framework, the use of information provision as a policy instrument to supplement environmental taxation. We assume that at least a fraction of consumers do not posses the required information to make the optimal choices, and that their behavior at each time period depends on the accumulated stock of information. We show that, as the accumulated stock of information provision increases, both the optimal level of information provided at each period of time and the optimal tax rate decline over time. Our results provide strong evidence in support of information campaigns as a policy instrument to supplement traditional environmental policies. Information provision can sift the demand towards environmentally friendly products over time and thus, reduce the required level of the tax rate.
2008-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12083/1/MPRA_paper_12083.pdf
Sartzetakis, Eftichis and Xepapadeas, Anastasios and Petrakis, Emmanuel (2008): The role of information provision as a policy instrument to supplement environmental taxes: Empowering consumers to choose optimally.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12735
2019-09-29T04:52:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433930
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12735/
Investigating Discretionary Environmental Enforcement: a pilot experiment
Germani, Anna Rita
Morone, Andrea
Morone, Piergiuseppe
Q50 - General
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
C90 - General
In this work, we conducted a laboratory experiment in order to test the findings of a theoretical environmental enforcement model played as a strategic game where the firm’s behavior is influenced by the course of actions discretionally undertaken by both the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ).
Our experimental findings suggest that the presence of the DOJ can be counterproductive in increasing social welfare, since it implies solely additional enforcement costs, which, in turn, might reduce the probability of conducting inspections by the EPA without affecting the probability of firm’s compliance.
2009-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12735/1/MPRA_paper_12735.pdf
Germani, Anna Rita and Morone, Andrea and Morone, Piergiuseppe (2009): Investigating Discretionary Environmental Enforcement: a pilot experiment.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:12817
2019-09-26T21:03:20Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12817/
Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Italy, 1861-2003
Annicchiarico, Barbara
Bennato, Anna Rita
Costa, Andrea
Q50 - General
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
This paper examines the relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Italy for the period 1861-2003. Using cointegration, rolling regression and error correction modeling techniques, we find that growth and carbon dioxide emissions are strongly interrelated, and elasticity of pollutant emissions with respect to income has been decreasing over time. For the period 1960-2003 EKC estimates provide evidence for the existence of a reasonable "turning point". However, given the heavy dependence of Italian economy upon fossil fuels, meeting the emissions targets in the accomplishing of the Kyoto Protocol is a very challenging task.
2009-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12817/1/MPRA_paper_12817.pdf
Annicchiarico, Barbara and Bennato, Anna Rita and Costa, Andrea (2009): Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Italy, 1861-2003.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13024
2019-10-02T02:42:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443634
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13024/
Green goods: are they good or bad news for the environment? Evidence from a laboratory experiment on impure public goods
Munro, Alistair
Valente, Marieta
Q50 - General
H41 - Public Goods
D64 - Altruism ; Philanthropy
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
An impure public good is a commodity that combines public and private characteristics in fixed proportions. Green goods such as dolphin-friendly tuna or green electricity programs provide increasings popular examples of impure goods. We design an experiment to test how the presence of impure public goods affects pro-social behaviour. We set parameters, such that from a theoretical point of view the presence of the impure public good is behaviorally irrelevant. In a baseline setting, where the impure public good provides only small contributions to the public good. We observe that on aggregate pro-social behaviour, defined as total contributions to the public good, is lower in the presence of the impure good. Some individuals do not alter their decisions, but roughly two fifths of subjects make a lower contribution to the public good in the presence of the impure public good. On the contrary, in the case where the impure public good favours the public good component at the expense of private earnings, individuals are unaffected in their behaviour. We conclude that the presence of green goods which have only a small environmental component may reduce pro-environmental behaviour.
2008-10-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13024/1/MPRA_paper_13024.pdf
Munro, Alistair and Valente, Marieta (2008): Green goods: are they good or bad news for the environment? Evidence from a laboratory experiment on impure public goods.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13163
2019-09-26T09:09:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513332
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13163/
Some additional thoughts about renewables in Canada
paunic, alida
Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
Q50 - General
Significant non renewable energy reserves could lead to lower investment in renewable technologies and further help growth of GHG emissions. Current state of renewable technology allows implementation at competitive market rate (wind) whose development could bring further industrial prosperity, environmental benefits, international recognition, reduce future energy uncertainties, keep natural resources to future generation leaving positive bequest value Canada large GNP brings, besides well being , obligation of clean technology developments taking leading role in promotion of sustainable development, helping developing and low income countries to import technologies, develop its renewable possibilities and keep strong commitments and respect in international agreements.
2009-01-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13163/1/MPRA_paper_13163.pdf
paunic, alida (2009): Some additional thoughts about renewables in Canada.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:13261
2019-09-26T13:58:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13261/
CO2 Emissions, Research and Technology Transfer in China
Ang, James
Q50 - General
O53 - Asia including Middle East
O30 - General
Q40 - General
O40 - General
Although the economy of China has grown very strongly over the last few decades, this spectacular performance has come at the expense of rapid environmental deterioration. Amidst animated debate on the issue of global warming, this study attempts to explore the determinants of CO2 emissions in China using aggregate data for more than half a century. Adopting an analytical framework that combines the environmental literature with modern endogenous growth theories, the results indicate that CO2 emissions in China are negatively related to research intensity, technology transfer and the absorptive capacity of the economy to assimilate foreign technology. Our findings also indicate that more energy use, higher income and greater trade openness tend to cause more CO2 emissions.
2009-02-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13261/1/MPRA_paper_13261.pdf
Ang, James (2009): CO2 Emissions, Research and Technology Transfer in China.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14534
2019-09-27T07:47:41Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14534/
Future meat consumption: potential greenhouse gas emissions from meat production in Malaysia
Tey, (John) Yeong-Sheng
Q50 - General
Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis ; Prices
This study shows that there is mounting meat consumption which is to be met by higher meat production. As the result, higher gas emission of CO2 is expected from increasing meat production. This is led by poultry and beef production which is likely to produce most of the greenhouse gas emissions from meat production in Malaysia. It is crucial to incorporate environmental consideration into livestock policy in National Agricultural Policy 4 and Tenth Malaysian Plan.
2009-01-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14534/1/MPRA_paper_14534.pdf
Tey, (John) Yeong-Sheng (2009): Future meat consumption: potential greenhouse gas emissions from meat production in Malaysia. Published in: Proceedings of 2nd National Conference on Agro-Environment 2009: Adapting to Climate Change Uncertainties through Sustaianable Agriculture (March 2009): pp. 94-97.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14624
2019-09-27T02:33:34Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473330
7375626A656374733D4C:4C30:4C3030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14624/
Achieving sustainable development: the Integrative Improvement Institutes Project
Douglas, Graham
Q50 - General
G30 - General
L00 - General
The challenges we face in our economies and societies in our divided unsustainable world are perhaps greater than at any other time. These challenges have arisen because of how we have been trained to think, plan and act as individuals and how we have applied this training to the way we organise and govern ourselves. We have thought, planned, organised, governed and acted as though our world is comprised of parts that can be separately exploited by humans and managed by us from one stable state to another. We have forgotten we are just one species in a complex natural world. We have tended to act without a sense of wholeness - without integrity. Meeting these challenges will require new approaches to how we are trained to think, plan and act as individuals and how we are trained to organise and govern. These new approaches will need to be based on our current scientific understanding of our world and the human mind.
The Integrative Improvement Institutes™ Project directly addresses these challenges in a novel way. It is designed to improve the well-being of people and their physical, social and cultural environments through low-cost adaptive diffusion, refinement and implementation of a unique bottom-up Integrative Improvement™ (II) approach for achieving sustainable development.
II emphasises dynamic connections, relationships and interactions in line with our current scientific understanding of the world as tending to be self-organising with human beings whose minds are naturally integrative. II improves in a balanced, integrative and sustainable way the lives people already have. II involves training individuals in Integrative Thinking™ and complementary tools and encouraging and facilitating Integrative Governance™ enabled by technology in all government, business and civil society organisations. II progress is measured by indicators of well-being such as The Australia Institute’s Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI).
2006-12-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14624/1/MPRA_paper_14624.pdf
Douglas, Graham (2006): Achieving sustainable development: the Integrative Improvement Institutes Project. Published in: Development Gateway (3 March 2008)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:14769
2019-09-26T19:50:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513030
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513236
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14769/
Sustainable financing for ocean and coastal management in Jamaica: The potential for revenues from tourist user fees
Edwards, Peter E.T.
Q50 - General
Q00 - General
Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
This study explores the feasibility of implementing a sustainable funding mechanism for ocean and coastal management in Jamaica. Results show that tourists are more willing to pay for an “environmental tax” than a general “tourism development tax”. The study found that an environmental surcharge of US$2 per person could generate $3.4M per year for management with 0.2% rate of decline in tourist visitation. Negative impacts from the imposition of additional taxes on annual tourist visitation rates could be minimised by providing information on how the revenues from the tax will be allocated for management activities.
2008-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/14769/1/MPRA_paper_14769.pdf
Edwards, Peter E.T. (2008): Sustainable financing for ocean and coastal management in Jamaica: The potential for revenues from tourist user fees.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16220
2019-09-26T09:24:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493132
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16220/
Assessing farmer’s Pesticide Safety Knowledge in cotton growing area of Punjab, Pakistan
Khan, Muhammad
Husnain, Muhammad Iftikhar Ul
Akram, Naeem
Padda, Ihtsham Ul Haq
Q50 - General
I12 - Health Behavior
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
A pesticide safety knowledge test was developed to assess farmer’s knowledge related to pesticide safety. Yes-No (true-false) type 25 item, test, was constructed and used in a sample of 162 pesticide applicator in two districts of southern Punjab Pakistan. The overall mean score was 17.2(72%). More educated and adult respondents performed better than younger and illiterate. Similarly large land holder scored higher than small landholders, indicating their more access to information and extension. Overall ten Items received less than 50% correct response. The result shows that farmers have reasonably good knowledge but it still has to see, to what extent that knowledge is being used practically. It could possibly be the future research topic.
2009-07-13
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16220/1/MPRA_paper_16220.pdf
Khan, Muhammad and Husnain, Muhammad Iftikhar Ul and Akram, Naeem and Padda, Ihtsham Ul Haq (2009): Assessing farmer’s Pesticide Safety Knowledge in cotton growing area of Punjab, Pakistan.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:16534
2019-09-27T15:27:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433230
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16534/
On the Truly Noncooperative Game of Life on Earth: In Search of the Unity of Nature & Evolutionary Stable Strategy
Funk, Matt
Q50 - General
C20 - General
Z10 - General
The theory presented here was developed to address the problem of the long-term survival of the human species. This paper tables axioms which fruitfully model The Problem of Sustainable Economic Development, a theoretical framework which, reductio ad absurdum, falsifies many widely-held economic, evolutionary, and ecological principles, including the central thesis of ‘ecological economics’. This brief communiqué lays the foundation for an evolutionary stable, sustainable economic development strategy, and, thus, fosters national security, international cooperation, global threat mitigation, and, ultimately, survival of the human species.
2009-07-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/16534/1/MPRA_paper_16534.pdf
Funk, Matt (2009): On the Truly Noncooperative Game of Life on Earth: In Search of the Unity of Nature & Evolutionary Stable Strategy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17207
2019-09-29T22:25:50Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453231
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513233
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493230
7375626A656374733D49:4930
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513235
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D51:5130
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D49:4931:493130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17207/
Is there any relationship between Environmental Quality Index, Human Development Index and Economic Growth? Evidences from Indian States
Mukherjee, Sacchidananda
Chakraborty, Debashis
Q50 - General
E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
Q23 - Forestry
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
I20 - General
I0 - General
O10 - General
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
Q24 - Land
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q25 - Water
O40 - General
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
Q0 - General
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
I10 - General
Economic growth does not necessarily ensure environmental sustainability for a country. The relationship between the two is far more complicated for developing countries like India, given the dependence of a large section of the population on natural resources. Under this backdrop, the current study attempts to analyze the relationships among Environmental Quality (EQ), Human Development (HD) and Economic Growth (EG) for 14 major Indian States during post liberalisation period (1991-2004). Further, for understanding the changes in EQ with the advancement of economic liberalisation, the analysis is carried out by dividing the sample period into two: Period A (1990–1996) and Period B (1997–2004). For both the sub-periods, 63 environmental indicators have been clustered under eight broad environmental groups and an overall index of EQ has been constructed using the HDI methodology. The EQ ranks of the States exhibit variation over time, implying that environment has both spatial and temporal dimensions. Ranking of the States across different environmental criteria (groups) show that different States possess different strengths and weaknesses in managing various aspects of EQ. The HDI rankings of the States for the two periods are constructed by the HDI technique following the National Human Development Report 2001 methodology. We attempt to test for the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis through multivariate OLS regression models, which indicate presence of non-linear relationship between several individual environmental groups and per capita net state domestic product. The relationship between EQ and economic growth however does not become clear from the current study. The regression results involving individual environmental groups and HDI score indicate a slanting N-shaped relationship. The paper concludes that individual States should adopt environmental management practices based on their local (at the most disaggregated level) environmental information. Moreover, since environmental sustainability and human well-being are complementary to each other, individual States should attempt to translate the economic growth to human well-being.
2009-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17207/1/MPRA_paper_17207.pdf
Mukherjee, Sacchidananda and Chakraborty, Debashis (2009): Is there any relationship between Environmental Quality Index, Human Development Index and Economic Growth? Evidences from Indian States.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:17280
2019-09-27T00:37:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17280/
On the Truly Noncooperative Game of Life on Earth: In Search of the Unity of Nature & Evolutionary Stable Strategy
Funk, Matt
Q50 - General
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
C72 - Noncooperative Games
This paper tables axioms which model The Problem of Sustainable Economic Development (i.e., The Tragedy of the Commons), a theoretical framework which, reductio ad absurdum, falsifies many widely-held economic, evolutionary, and ecological principles, including
the central thesis of ‘ecological economics’. This brief communiqué lays the foundation for evolutionary stable economic development strategy, and, thus, fosters global threat mitigation, international cooperation, food security, national security, long-distance dispersibility, and thus, ultimately, the long-term survival of the human species.
2008-05-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/17280/1/MPRA_paper_17280.pdf
Funk, Matt (2008): On the Truly Noncooperative Game of Life on Earth: In Search of the Unity of Nature & Evolutionary Stable Strategy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19203
2019-09-27T14:25:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19203/
On the Travesty of the Tragedy of the Commons: Hardin's Nontrivial Error
Funk, Matt
Q50 - General
B40 - General
Q20 - General
Garrett Hardin’s "Tragedy of the Commons" remains one of the most frequently cited works across the spectrum of science — indeed, a visit to the website of the influential journal which published this paper in 1968 reveals that this revolutionary communique remains amongst its ‘top articles’. But Hardin's enduring, influential theoretical development presents a serious problem: it is not a single theory, but rather four major theories in a stormy sea of ill-conceived and untenable auxiliary conjecture. Moreover, the solid core of Hardin's central thesis was simply a restatement of a previously published theory, the promethean vision of William Forster Lloyd.
2009-12-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19203/1/MPRA_paper_19203.pdf
Funk, Matt (2009): On the Travesty of the Tragedy of the Commons: Hardin's Nontrivial Error.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:19933
2019-09-28T16:02:37Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19933/
Heterodox environmental economics: theoretical strands in search of a paradigm
Marletto, Gerardo
Q50 - General
B52 - Institutional ; Evolutionary
Heterodox environmental economics is mainly based on non-mainstream economic theories; more precisely it refers to institutional and Schumpeterian economics. Starting from these theoretical foundations, heterodox environmental economics radically differs from the mainstream approach to environmental economics and policy. Three basic concepts are at the hearth of such a different vision: resource regimes, as institutional structures established to manage natural resources; environmental appraisals, as “value articulating” institutions conditioned by the incommensurability of conflicting values; transitions, as dynamic processes that are needed to unlock existing “socio-technical” systems. But a stable community of researchers defining themselves as ‘evolutionary/institutional environmental economists’ still does not exist. Time will tell if existing connections between some research groups will generate the social core of a nascent paradigm.
2009
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/19933/1/MPRA_paper_19933.pdf
Marletto, Gerardo (2009): Heterodox environmental economics: theoretical strands in search of a paradigm. Published in: Economia delle fonti di energia e dell'ambiente (Economics and policy of energy and the environment) , Vol. 52, No. 1 (2009): pp. 25-33.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:20483
2019-09-26T21:10:11Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513531
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20483/
Sustainable Development Concerning with Mankind’s Climate Changes
Dobrescu, Emilian M.
Susanu, Monica
Oprea, Raducan
Q50 - General
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q58 - Government Policy
Mankind has witnessed many outstanding weather happenings which
determined radical climate changes and thus, the draught is expected further to
grow. Many experts, academics and scientists all over the continents have
strongly called for attention about the importance of saving the water, either for housing and industrial consumers. According to the February - 2007 UNO Report, Terra is the subject of an accelerated global heating process, firstly due to the carbon emissions. Several decades further the climate changes will continue even if, theoretically, these emissions could partly be stopped. As one of the official UNO’s institutions, the World Meteorology Organisation certified the global heating and alerts about another worrying phenomenon,namely the soil disaster.
2009-12-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20483/1/MPRA_paper_20483.pdf
Dobrescu, Emilian M. and Susanu, Monica and Oprea, Raducan (2009): Sustainable Development Concerning with Mankind’s Climate Changes. Published in: The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University, Fascicle I Economics and Applied Informatics, 2009, ISSN 1584-0409 , Vol. II, No. XV (25 December 2009): pp. 827-838.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:21470
2019-09-29T20:14:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3833
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21470/
Climate Change and Tourism Features in the Caribbean
Moore, Winston
Lewis-Bynoe, Denny
Howard, Stacia
Q50 - General
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
L83 - Sports ; Gambling ; Restaurants ; Recreation ; Tourism
The tourist industry is widely recognised as the key engine of growth in the Caribbean, representing a significant source of foreign exchange earnings and employment. The present study provides an assessment of how climate change could likely impact on regional tourism features. The analysis is undertaken by comparing historical tourism climatic indices to those obtained under the various climate change scenarios. The results suggest that the biggest losers, in terms of deteriorations in their climatic features, are likely to be the Caribbean, Central America and South America.
2009-12-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/21470/1/MPRA_paper_21470.pdf
Moore, Winston and Lewis-Bynoe, Denny and Howard, Stacia (2009): Climate Change and Tourism Features in the Caribbean.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:22958
2019-10-01T10:26:44Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513235
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513338
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513236
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513334
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22958/
Eco-governance in Bulgarian Agriculture
Bachev, Hrabrin
Q50 - General
Q28 - Government Policy
Q24 - Land
Q25 - Water
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Q38 - Government Policy
Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q58 - Government Policy
This paper presents the evolution of diverse modes of environmental management in Bulgarian agriculture, and assesses their efficiency and likely prospects of development. First, it analyzes the pace of development and the impact(s) on individual behavior of the major modes of environmental governance - institutional environment (distribution and enforcement of property, user, trading etc. rights and rules); private and collective modes (diverse private initiatives, and contractual and organizational arrangements); market modes (various decentralized initiatives governed by “free” market price movements and market competition); public modes (different forms of Government, community, international etc. intervention). Second, it assesses the impact(s) of dominating system of governance on the state of environment and identifies major eco-challenges, conflicts and risks – increased competition for natural resources, degradation and contamination of farmland, pollution of surface and ground waters, loss of biodiversity, deterioration of (agro)eco-systems services etc. Third, it projects likely evolution of environmental management in the specific “Bulgarian” economic, institutional and natural environment, and estimates its probable effect on environmental security, and suggests recommendations for institutional modernization and public policies improvement.
2010-05-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22958/1/MPRA_paper_22958.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2010): Eco-governance in Bulgarian Agriculture.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23647
2019-10-01T04:42:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443738
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443432
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23647/
The Porter Hypothesis and Hyperbolic Discounting
Roy Chowdhury, Prabal
Q50 - General
D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation
D42 - Monopoly
We examine pollution-reducing R&D by a monopoly firm producing a dirty product. In a dynamic framework with hyperbolic discounting, we establish conditions under which the Porter hypothesis goes through, i.e. environmental regulation increases R&D, thus reducing pollution, as well as increasing firm profits. This is likely to hold whenever R&D costs are at an intermediate level, and the planning horizon of the firms is large.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23647/1/MPRA_paper_23647.pdf
Roy Chowdhury, Prabal (2010): The Porter Hypothesis and Hyperbolic Discounting.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26129
2019-09-27T16:22:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D59:5934:593430
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3931
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D52:5234:523431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26129/
Can carpooling clean the air? The economics of HOV lanes, hybrid cars and the Clean Air Act.
Shewmake, Sharon
Q50 - General
Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)
L91 - Transportation: General
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion ; Travel Time ; Safety and Accidents ; Transportation Noise
Private vehicles are a significant source of air pollution in many areas of the United
States. Areas with already high levels of air pollution are required by the Clean Air Act
to take steps to reduce automobile use and the associated emissions. The behavioral
implications of many travel demand management techniques are poorly understood. In
this dissertation I focus on carpooling. Policy makers encourage commuters to carpool
through High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes, free parking for carpoolers, attempts to
connect carpoolers, and casual carpoolers (often called slugging). Despite these e
2010-09-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26129/1/MPRA_paper_26129.pdf
Shewmake, Sharon (2010): Can carpooling clean the air? The economics of HOV lanes, hybrid cars and the Clean Air Act.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26716
2019-09-26T08:34:02Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3134
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26716/
Business Ethics: Some Theoretical Issues
Lluka, Valon
M14 - Corporate Culture ; Diversity ; Social Responsibility
Q50 - General
M1 - Business Administration
M10 - General
Ethics can be defined as a process of evaluating actions according to moral principal of values. Throughout the centuries people were trying to choose between profit and moral. Perhaps, some of them obtain both, but every time it could have roused ethical issues. Those issues concern fairness, justice, rightness or wrongness; as a result it can only be resolved according to ethical standards.
Setting the ethical standards for the way of doing business in corporation is primarily task of management. Corporations have to maintain the same standards as an individual person and, in addition, corporations, as organizational units, have their own social responsibilities toward customers, employees and society. However, any business should keep its original purpose of functioning - making profit. Balancing the traditional standards of profitability and burden of social responsibilities is not an easy task. In recent years it has been a trend of setting standards of corporate ethics according to high degree of morale.
The central inquiry in this paper is to determine what difference it makes if businesses in a community act ethically or ignore ethics. Since business is the subject, our inquiry centers on money – a value highly appreciated in the U.S., as well as in varying degrees in other countries; ethics is often ignored when faced with the possibility of earning or acquiring large sums of money.
The purpose of this paper is to examine ethics and the various ethical problems which business faces in the hope of increasing our understanding. To the extent knowledge is increased, if it appears that more ethical conduct is desirable, we will consider ways to develop more ethical conduct in business.
2010-08-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26716/1/MPRA_paper_26716.pdf
Lluka, Valon (2010): Business Ethics: Some Theoretical Issues.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:26795
2013-04-15T03:16:02Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27214
2019-09-27T02:25:19Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D46:4634:463432
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463336
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27214/
European Union emission trading scheme (ETS). An analysis of its impact for Romanian economy ant its effectiveness
Drumea, Cristina
Q50 - General
F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
The world is allegedly warming in a detrimental way because our industrial activity is increasingly emitting the putative culprit for the warming which is the carbon dioxide. The preferred way to deal with the issue is to force an emission reduction by, among others, imposing quotas, creating a sophisticated system of allowances, cap and trade and technology transfers. The European Union, as well as several member States had, at times, pledged various reductions which became law.
These pledges come at a cost to the industrial activity. Romania duly signed and ratified all the EU decisions taken after her accession but no clear bill was presented to the taxpayer. In the light of the Copenhagen accord and in preparation of the 2010 Mexican summit on the environment there’s a need to know what are the modeled benefits of limiting the carbon dioxide emissions, and at what costs to the Romanian economy. This paper attempts to shed a light on those issues and to make it easier for the public to follow the intricate details of the trading scheme and its effects.
2010
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27214/5/MPRA_paper_27214.pdf
Drumea, Cristina (2010): European Union emission trading scheme (ETS). An analysis of its impact for Romanian economy ant its effectiveness. Published in: , Vol. XXIV., (March 2010): pp. 179-184.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:27260
2019-09-26T14:57:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443834
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513230
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3730
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433733
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27260/
A Paradox of Environmental Awareness Campaigns
Koulovatianos, Christos
Q50 - General
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
D84 - Expectations ; Speculations
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
Q20 - General
C72 - Noncooperative Games
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
L70 - General
C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games ; Evolutionary Games ; Repeated Games
We build a workable game of common-property resource extraction under rational Bayesian learning about the renewal prospects of a resource. We uncover the impact of exogenously shifting the prior beliefs of each player on the response functions of others. What we find about the role of environmental conservation campaigns is paradoxical. To the extent that such campaigns instill overly high pessimism about the potential of natural resources to reproduce, they create anti-conservation incentives: anyone having exploitation rights becomes inclined to consume more of the resource earlier, before others overexploit, and before the resource's stock is reduced to lower levels.
2010-11-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/27260/1/MPRA_paper_27260.pdf
Koulovatianos, Christos (2010): A Paradox of Environmental Awareness Campaigns.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28690
2019-09-27T11:42:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513030
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433637
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28690/
Towards a culture of environmental efficiency: An application of conditional partial nonparametric frontiers
Halkos, George
Tzeremes, Nickolaos
Q50 - General
Q00 - General
C67 - Input-Output Models
C60 - General
Due to the fact that norms govern individual behavior, which in turn it is related to the environmental behaviour, this study tries to establish a link between human behavior (in terms of cultural values) and the environment. With the use of robust frontiers this paper constructs countries’ environmental efficiency ratios. Then it conditions these ratios with countries’ cultural values in order to capture their effect on the calculated environmental efficiency measures. The empirical results of the conditional and unconditional robust nonparametric frontiers of a sample of 17 OECD countries (for the census years of 1980, 1990 and 2000) reveal that countries’ national culture values have changed over the years from a neutral posture towards the enhancement of countries’ environmental efficiency. In addition, the results indicate that there is still much work to be done from countries’ environmental policy makers for the enhancement of an efficient environmental culture.
2011
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28690/1/MPRA_paper_28690.pdf
Halkos, George and Tzeremes, Nickolaos (2011): Towards a culture of environmental efficiency: An application of conditional partial nonparametric frontiers.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:28766
2019-09-29T08:29:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28766/
Third parties �participation in tradable permits market. Do we need them?
Asproudis, Elias
Weyman-Jones, Tom
Q50 - General
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
L31 - Nonprofit Institutions ; NGOs ; Social Entrepreneurship
This paper analyses the behaviour, influence and role of third parties in tradable permits markets. Following the literature, it focuses on a framework in order to understand how society and third parties react against the firms' emissions due to their participation in the tradable permits' market. Therefore the paper reveals the tradable permits mechanism as a new way for public direct action and highlights the possible benefits for the regulator. An important part of the third parties consists of the very active participation of the Environmental Non Governmental Organisations. Therefore, this paper argues that the third party's participation and specifically the environmental groups' participation in tradable permits' market could drive the market to the optimum equilibrium. In order to examine this "proposition" we use some data from the first phase of the permits' market in European Union and some available data for the environmental groups' income. We conclude that the environmental groups could purchase the exceeded, overallocated permits and could drive the market in the equilibrium point. Finally, for the regulator the environmental groups' participation could be desirable given that they could improve the efficiency of the tradable permits market.
2011-08-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28766/1/MPRA_paper_28766.pdf
Asproudis, Elias and Weyman-Jones, Tom (2011): Third parties �participation in tradable permits market. Do we need them?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29728
2019-09-28T07:49:57Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523130
7375626A656374733D4C:4C39:4C3930
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443230
7375626A656374733D51:5133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3332
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
7375626A656374733D51:5132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3236
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513130
7375626A656374733D4C:4C37:4C3730
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29728/
Productive and cognitive innovation strategy:African framework design
Nwaobi, Godwin C
Q50 - General
R10 - General
L90 - General
D20 - General
Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation
O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
L60 - General
Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
O30 - General
Q40 - General
L26 - Entrepreneurship
M13 - New Firms ; Startups
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
Q10 - General
L70 - General
Since the mid 1900’s, economist have come to recognize the role of innovative activity in firms productivity growth, particularly in the competitive market economies. However, the most conducive market environment for innovative activity has also become a subject of interest. Thus, a major constraint on industrial dynamism in African countries is said to be the dearth of indigenous entrepreneurs. This paper therefore argued for the provision of comprehensive innovation policy, in which the government supports the innovators by providing appropriate financial measures; removing regulatory, institutional (competitive) obstacles to innovation; and strengthening the knowledge base through investment in education, research and industrial sites in Africa.
2011-03-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29728/1/MPRA_paper_29728.pdf
Nwaobi, Godwin C (2011): Productive and cognitive innovation strategy:African framework design.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:29784
2019-09-27T10:29:05Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3530
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35
7375626A656374733D51:5130
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29784/
The Impact Of Climate Change On Agriculture
K, Sudarkodi
K, Sathyabama
Q50 - General
Q5 - Environmental Economics
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries
Q0 - General
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
The unimpeded growth of greenhouse gas emissions is raising the earth’s temperature. The consequences include melting glaciers, more precipitation, more and more extreme weather events, and shifting seasons. The accelerating pace of climate change, combined with global population and income growth, threatens food security everywhere. Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change. Higher temperatures eventually reduce yields of desirable crops while encouraging weed and pest proliferation. Changes in precipitation patterns increase the likelihood of short-run crop failures and long-run production declines. Although there will be gains in some crops in some regions of the world, the overall impacts of climate change on agriculture are expected to be negative, threatening global food security.
This paper provides an insight into the different climate change-related challenges that the agricultural sector will face and explores opportunities for emission reductions and adaptation. Agriculture has not figured very prominently in the climate discussion so far. This paper clearly indicates that the sector deserves more attention when it comes to both climate change threats and opportunities. Understanding interrelations and interactions in the agricultural sector and considering its implications for development cooperation is crucial for adequate development responses.
2011-03-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/29784/1/MPRA_paper_29784.pdf
K, Sudarkodi and K, Sathyabama (2011): The Impact Of Climate Change On Agriculture.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:30652
2019-09-29T07:31:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433030
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433630
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30652/
Does the Kyoto Protocol Agreement matters? An environmental efficiency analysis
Halkos, George
Tzeremes, Nickolaos
Q50 - General
C00 - General
C60 - General
Q58 - Government Policy
This paper uses both conditional and unconditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models in order to determine different environmental efficiency levels for a sample of 110 countries in 2007. In order to capture the effect of countries compliance with the Kyoto Protocol Agreement (KPA), we condition the years since a country has signed the agreement until 2007. Particularly, various DEA models have been applied alongside with bootstrap techniques in order to determine the effect of Kyoto protocol agreement on countries’ environmental efficiencies. The study illustrates how the recent developments in efficiency analysis and statistical inference can be applied when evaluating environmental performance issues. The results indicate that the first six years after countries signed the Kyoto protocol agreement have a positive effect on their environmental efficiencies. However after that period it appears that countries avoid complying with the actions imposed by the agreement which in turn has an immediate negative effect on their environmental efficiencies.
2011-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30652/1/MPRA_paper_30652.pdf
Halkos, George and Tzeremes, Nickolaos (2011): Does the Kyoto Protocol Agreement matters? An environmental efficiency analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:32035
2019-09-27T16:58:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D42:4232:423231
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433731
7375626A656374733D43:4337
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463139
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32035/
Coopetitive games and global green economy
Carfì, David
Schilirò, Daniele
Q50 - General
B21 - Microeconomics
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
C71 - Cooperative Games
C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
F19 - Other
C72 - Noncooperative Games
The paper aims at providing a Game Theory model of coopetition which addresses the problem of the global Green Economy. The Green Economy is a theoretical model of sustainable development. This sustainable development model should lead to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, determine the reduction of global pollution and the establishment of a sustainable and lasting global Green Economy, using mainly renewable resources.
The paper applies the notion of coopetition, originally devised at microeconomic level, at a country level. The country has to decide whether it wants to collaborate with the rest of the world in getting an efficient Green Economy, even if the country is competing in the global scenario.
The model provides a win-win solution, that shows the convenience for each country to participate actively to a program of sustainability and efficient resource allocation within a coopetitive framework.
2011-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32035/1/MPRA_paper_32035.pdf
Carfì, David and Schilirò, Daniele (2011): Coopetitive games and global green economy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33100
2019-10-03T21:09:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D52:5234:523430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33100/
Is there room for shared cars in Italy? Considerations from some recent experiences
Laurino, Antonio
Grimaldi, Raffaele
Q50 - General
R40 - General
Car sharing is increasing its role worldwide as an alternative transport mode, that could contribute to a more sustainable urban mobility by reducing congestion and pollution. The paper focuses on the understanding of which are the main characteristics of this service starting from the literature on this topic both in terms of user profile and impact of the service; in the second part of the paper, the Italian context will be presented starting from the analysis of four Italian experiences with a particular focus on Milan’s car sharing. Summarizing the conclusion, it emerges that to date, the overall impact on transport is still quite low, in part due to a scarce integration and coordination with other transport modes and in part because car is still perceived primarily as a status symbol and a “good” rather than as a “service”. Therefore, car sharing can perform as a significant complementary and sustainable solution to mobility needs only in a context of cultural change and inside a transport policy aimed at changing transport behavior.
2011-09-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33100/1/MPRA_paper_33100.pdf
Laurino, Antonio and Grimaldi, Raffaele (2011): Is there room for shared cars in Italy? Considerations from some recent experiences.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33381
2019-09-28T06:31:40Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4430
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433731
7375626A656374733D43:4337
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433730
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33381/
A conjectural cooperative equilibrium for strategic form games
Currarini, Sergio
Marini, Marco
D0 - General
Q50 - General
C71 - Cooperative Games
C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
C70 - General
A10 - General
This paper presents a new cooperative equilibrium for strategic form games, denoted Conjectural Cooperative Equilibrium (CCE). This concept is based on the expectation
that joint deviations from any strategy profile are followed by an optimal and noncooperative reaction of non deviators. We show that CCE exist for all symmetric supermodular games. Furthermore, we discuss the existence of a CCE in specific submodular games employed in the literature on environmental agreements.
2002-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33381/1/MPRA_paper_33381.pdf
Currarini, Sergio and Marini, Marco (2002): A conjectural cooperative equilibrium for strategic form games. Published in: Game Practise and the Environment (2004)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33384
2019-09-26T16:03:43Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4430
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433731
7375626A656374733D43:4337
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433730
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33384/
A conjectural cooperative equilibrium for strategic form games
Currarini, Sergio
Marini, Marco
D0 - General
Q50 - General
C71 - Cooperative Games
C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
C70 - General
A10 - General
This paper presents a new cooperative equilibrium for strategic form games, denoted Conjectural Cooperative Equilibrium (CCE). This concept is based on the expectation
that joint deviations from any strategy profile are followed by an optimal and noncooperative reaction of non deviators. We show that CCE exist for all symmetric supermodular games. Furthermore, we discuss the existence of a CCE in specific submodular games employed in the literature on environmental agreements.
2002-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33384/1/MPRA_paper_33384.pdf
Currarini, Sergio and Marini, Marco (2002): A conjectural cooperative equilibrium for strategic form games. Published in: Game Practise and the Environment (2004)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33481
2019-09-30T17:19:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513539
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33481/
Determinants of environmental management systems standards implementation: evidence from Greek industry
Halkos, George E
Q50 - General
Q59 - Other
L60 - General
This paper employs logistic regression analysis to test a model that predicts the implementation or not of Environmental Management Systems Standards (EMSS) by considering various factors as explanatory variables. The dependent variable is a dichotomous as either implementing or not EMSS by industrial firms. From past experience we identify 15 major variables contributing to implementation of EMSS. A sample of 259 respondents (84 implementing and 175 not) is used to estimate the parameters of the logistic regression model employing maximum likelihood. The results show an overall significant model with 4 of the 15 variables significant. The significance of management perception of environmental issues on their decision to implement EMSS was confirmed with regards to their perception on win-win possibilities. Pressure on companies to improve their environmental performance does not result in higher uptake of the standards. Company’s image and size are important factors in its decision to implement EMSS.
2001
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33481/1/MPRA_paper_33481.pdf
Halkos, George E (2001): Determinants of environmental management systems standards implementation: evidence from Greek industry. Published in: Business Strategy and The Environment , Vol. 11, (2002): pp. 360-375.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33536
2019-09-28T04:46:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33536/
Optimal sulphur emissions abatement in Europe
Halkos, George E
Q50 - General
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
O52 - Europe
This study presents a mathematical model for determining cost effective emissions' control strategies in Europe, by minimizing sulphur abatement costs subject to different pollution control targets. The purpose is to compare the efficiency of a uniform percentage emissions reduction with a scenario that takes variation in environmental conditions into account. Some alternative criteria for re allocating abatement costs between countries are considered, to see which countries are penalized and which are favoured by the proposed approaches, and which approaches should be "preferred" on efficiency grounds. Underlying the proposed model is the belief that a full cost-benefit analysis of acid rain abatement is infeasible. The model focuses on the costs of abatement and provides an estimation of the gains (or losses) that countries could achieve if they co-operate in their policies rather than act independently.
1993
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33536/2/MPRA_paper_33536.pdf
Halkos, George E (1993): Optimal sulphur emissions abatement in Europe.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33541
2019-09-27T16:55:35Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513539
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33541/
Implementation of environmental management systems standards: important factors in corporate decision-making
Halkos, George
Q50 - General
Q59 - Other
L60 - General
While Environmental Management Systems Standards (EMSS) have been advocated by policy makers and consultants on the basis of a number of benefits associated with their implementation some companies are reluctant to implement them. This paper tests four hypotheses with regard to the significance of a number of factors in a company's decision to implement EMSS. Specifically, it assesses whether a company would be more likely to implement EMSS if its management has a positive perception of environmental issues; if there are pressures on the company to improve its environmental performance; if opportunities arise through its environmental activities; and if it operates in sensitive environmental conditions. For this purpose, Greek companies in the process of EMSS implementation were surveyed and their responses compared with companies that had not decided up to that point to implement the standards. Specific aspects of the hypotheses posed were supported and confirmed a range of factors that are important in a company's decision to implement EMSS.
2001
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33541/1/MPRA_paper_33541.pdf
Halkos, George (2001): Implementation of environmental management systems standards: important factors in corporate decision-making. Published in: Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management , Vol. 4, No. 3 (2002): pp. 311-328.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33698
2019-09-26T22:54:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33698/
Regional environmental efficiency and economic growth: NUTS2 evidence from Germany, France and the UK
Halkos, George
Tzeremes, Nickolaos
Q50 - General
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
C60 - General
This paper by applying nonparametric techniques measures spatial environmental heterogeneities of 98 regions from Germany, France and the UK. Specifically environmental performance indexes are constructed for the 98 regions (NUTS 2 level) identifying their ability to produce higher growth rates and reduce pollution (in the form of municipal waste) generated from regional economic activity. By applying conditional stochastic kernels and local constant estimators it investigates the regional economic activity – environmental quality relationship. The results indicate several spatial environmental heterogeneities among the examined regions. It appears that regions with higher GDP per capita levels tend to have higher environmental performance.
2011-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33698/1/MPRA_paper_33698.pdf
Halkos, George and Tzeremes, Nickolaos (2011): Regional environmental efficiency and economic growth: NUTS2 evidence from Germany, France and the UK.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33705
2019-09-30T14:54:36Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433731
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3533
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33705/
Economic incentives for optimal sulphur abatement in Europe
Halkos, George
Q50 - General
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
C71 - Cooperative Games
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
N53 - Europe: Pre-1913
C60 - General
This paper reviews and develops a theoretical and empirical representation of economic incentives for the implementation of pollution control strategies. A number of alternative available economic instruments may be thought of which, if applied internationally, could encourage implementation of the desired abatement strategies by countries. The paper considers means of pushing the countries to minimize abatement cost with them. A comparison between the pollution targets achieved by the imposition of a uniform charge rate and by differentiated charge rates is discussed and empirical results are provided with associated conclusions. These results are then compared with a simple standards setting in the form of critical loads, in order to see in an empirical way if economic instruments work better than regulations.
1993
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33705/1/MPRA_paper_33705.pdf
Halkos, George (1993): Economic incentives for optimal sulphur abatement in Europe. Published in: Energy Sources , Vol. 17, No. 5 (1995): pp. 517-534.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:33943
2019-10-02T23:12:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433731
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33943/
Optimal acid rain abatement policy in Europe
Halkos, G.E.
Q50 - General
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
C71 - Cooperative Games
O52 - Europe
Q58 - Government Policy
C72 - Noncooperative Games
Acid rain causes greater environmental damage than would occur if countries act cooperatively. Based on new estimates of sulphur abatement cost functions, the potential gains from cooperation are calculated for Europe. Various cooperative abatement rates are compared with the rates implied by recent international agreements. The distinction is made between primary and secondary abatement, and their respective roles are discussed.
1994-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33943/1/MPRA_paper_33943.pdf
Halkos, G.E. (1994): Optimal acid rain abatement policy in Europe.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34312
2019-09-26T20:19:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503238
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34312/
Kuznets curve and environmental performance: evidence from China
Halkos, George
Tzeremes, Nickolaos
Q50 - General
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
O10 - General
P28 - Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment
C01 - Econometrics
The paper investigates China’s environmental performance-economic development relationship for the time period of 1965-2009. The results indicate that after 1990 China increased its environmental performance mainly driven by the implementation of several environmental policies. In addition when we taking into account several factors contributed to China’s economic growth, the empirical evidences suggest the existence of an inverted “U” shape relationship between China’s environmental performance and economic development. However, when only the influence of the industrial sector is taken into account the shape of the established relationship changes from an inverted “U” to “N” shape, indicating that the main determinant of China’s environmental inefficiencies over the years was the heavily industrialization.
2011-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34312/1/MPRA_paper_34312.pdf
Halkos, George and Tzeremes, Nickolaos (2011): Kuznets curve and environmental performance: evidence from China.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:34973
2019-09-28T16:24:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443131
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34973/
Income dependent direct and indirect rebound effects from ’green’ consumption choices in Australia
Murray, Cameron K
Q50 - General
D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
Q48 - Government Policy
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
Q20 - General
Changing household behaviour is often encouraged as a means of reducing energy demand and subsequently greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The direct and indirect rebound effects from cost-saving ‘green’ household consumption choices were estimated using Australian data. Rebound effects from cost-saving 'green' consumption choices are modelled as income effects, allowing for variation with households income level.
Cases examined are: reduced vehicle use, reduced electricity use, the adoption of energy efficient vehicles, and the adoption of energy efficient electrical lighting.
Four econometric estimation models are utilised to estimate income effects, and the before and after expenditure patterns are matched with life-cycle assessment (LCA) estimates of the embodied GHG of each expenditure category. Direct and indirect rebound effects alone are estimated at around 10% for household electricity conservation, and for reduced vehicle fuel consumption around 20%, at the median household income level.
Direct rebound effects are larger for low-income households; however, indirect effects are larger for higher income households. The scale of the effect estimated, and the variation with household incomes, is attributed to LCA methodologies. These results should be interpreted as the minimum rebound effect, with greater rebound effects, and decreased effectiveness of household ‘green’ consumption, expected in reality.
2011-09-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/34973/3/MPRA_paper_34973.pdf
Murray, Cameron K (2011): Income dependent direct and indirect rebound effects from ’green’ consumption choices in Australia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35009
2019-10-05T13:00:22Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35009/
Decarbonizing the EU power sector: policy approaches in the light of current trends and long-term trajectories
Spencer, Thomas
Marcey, Celine
Colombier, Michel
Guerin, Emmanuel
Q50 - General
ASSESSMENT
European climate policy is gradually shifting towards a long-term perspec- tive. The electricity sector has a crucial role to play in the long-term decar- bonization of the EU economy. It makes up a significant share of EU emis- sions and can contribute to the reduction of emissions in other sectors, particularly buildings and transport. The EU 2008 Climate and Energy Package (CEP) took a significant step towards a low-carbon future, initi- ating a very ambitious program of renewables expansion and strengthen- ing the ETS. However, the omissions and internal inconsistencies of the CEP are becoming more and more evident. This relates in particular to the absence of long-term, comprehensive signals for decarbonization and the imbalance between the ETS, energy efficiency and renewables objectives. This risks delaying and distorting investment in low-carbon infrastructure and ideas, raising the ultimate cost of climate policy. In view of the inertias within the electricity sector, it is imperative for the EU to set a long-term signal for the decarbonization of the sector by set- ting 2030 objectives for the ETS and complementary policies. The EU’s decarbonization strategy needs to be robust against future uncertainties; strengthening a technology neutral instrument like the ETS can provide a key part of a comprehensive signal to develop the full range of decarbon- ization options. The instrument imbalance also needs to be addressed. Demand side policies should be the point of departure for supply side interventions: ETS caps should be set so as to achieve carbon scarcity after energy efficiency and RES objectives have been taken into account. A short-term adjustment of scarcity in the ETS may create some incen- tives for low-carbon investment. However, it would not address the funda- mental concern, namely the lack of policy information regarding the post 2020 environment in which these investment will amortize.
2011-11-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35009/1/MPRA_paper_35009.pdf
Spencer, Thomas and Marcey, Celine and Colombier, Michel and Guerin, Emmanuel (2011): Decarbonizing the EU power sector: policy approaches in the light of current trends and long-term trajectories. Published in:
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35245
2019-09-26T11:55:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433738
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513438
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433731
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513535
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513432
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35245/
A coopetitive model for the green economy
Carfì, David
Schilirò, Daniele
Q50 - General
C78 - Bargaining Theory ; Matching Theory
Q48 - Government Policy
C71 - Cooperative Games
Q55 - Technological Innovation
Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
C72 - Noncooperative Games
The paper proposes a coopetitive model for the Green Economy. It addresses the issue of the climate change policy and the creation and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. In the present paper the complex construct of coopetiton is applied at macroeconomic level. The model, based on Game Theory, enables us to offer a set of possible solutions in a coopetitive context, allowing to find a
Pareto solution in a win-win scenario. The model, which is based on the assumption that each country produces a level of output which is determined in a non-cooperative game of Cournot-type and that considers at the same time a coopetitive strategy regarding the low carbon technologies, will suggest a solution that shows the convenience for each country to participate actively to a program of low carbon
technologies within a coopetitive framework to address a policy of climate change, thus aiming at balancing the environmental imbalances.
2011-11-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35245/1/MPRA_paper_35245.pdf
Carfì, David and Schilirò, Daniele (2011): A coopetitive model for the green economy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35395
2019-10-11T16:35:03Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513531
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35395/
Economic valuation of coastal zone quality improvements
Halkos, George
Q50 - General
N54 - Europe: 1913-
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
Individuals’ decision to use a particular coastal beach is influenced by their preferences and perceptions as well as beach’s characteristics. This study examines visitors’ attributes and desired site specific characteristics in order to determine the factors affecting willingness to pay for an improvement quality (environment, water as well as recreation activities) program. A contingent valuation survey is carried out in order to evaluate the economic benefits of improving coastal quality of beaches in a coastal line of an area in Central Greece (Volos) where persistent failures to meet the standards of the Blue Flag program are observed. Our empirical findings suggest that the major variables affecting respondents’ willingness to pay were related to income, age, gender, coastal recreational activities and environmental quality of the site as well as to previous environmental behavior and mainly if they had paid for environmental protection in the past.
2011-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35395/1/MPRA_paper_35395.pdf
Halkos, George (2011): Economic valuation of coastal zone quality improvements.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:35807
2019-09-27T13:49:23Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35807/
Le migrazioni ambientali nel Mediterraneo: il caso studio dei paesi del Medio Oriente e del Nord Africa
Venditto, Bruno
Caruso, Immacolata
Q50 - General
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
Q01 - Sustainable Development
The study offer a contribution to the analysis of the problems linked to the environmental migration focusing on a specific Mediterranean area, that of the Middle East and Northern Africa. After a brief analysis of the socio-economic and environmental context, used to describe the vulnerability features of the area, the studies will assess the regional migration system particularly the so called "forced migrants".
Due to the lack of an accepted common international definition of environmental refugees, following the most recent literature in this study we have used the definition of forded migration to assess the environmental migration. This in fact, among the causes of migration considers not only the "physical environment" but a plethora of socio economic factors which interact among themselves and force people to migrate. In this definitions we include: Internal Displaced Persons, forced to move for the modification of the habitat where they live caused by natural or human disasters but also Migrants and IDPs forced to move due to the implementation of developmental project such as the construction of mega infrastructure such as dams, or the mining and deforestation activities, as well as the the migrants who sick asylum due to conflicts, civil wars or internal persecution
2011-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/35807/1/MPRA_paper_35807.pdf
Venditto, Bruno and Caruso, Immacolata (2011): Le migrazioni ambientali nel Mediterraneo: il caso studio dei paesi del Medio Oriente e del Nord Africa. Published in: Percorsi Migranti (2011): pp. 115-130.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36107
2019-09-27T19:41:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483430
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443730
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493338
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36107/
Etica, economia e principi di giustizia
Schilirò, Daniele
Q50 - General
Z12 - Religion
H40 - General
D70 - General
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
The theme of justice in the economics and, in particular, the theme of distributive justice is the subject of heated controversy as distributive justice raises critical questions such as, for example, in the case of migration or the inequality of wages. But the question of justice is also referred to the problems of the natural environment. In general, the theories that have tried to respond to complex problems put in place by the theme of Justice all have a moral and philosophical foundation.
This paper aims to analyze and comment on the arguments contained in the volume edited by Villani and Mazzocchi “Ethics, Economics and Principles of Justice” in order to highlight the importance of the debate around the issue of distributive justice, the problems posed by theories based on contractualism, specifying the various positions of economists, philosophers, sociologists,
historians. Among their theoretical positions, this contribution underlines the different approaches
that counteract. On the one hand, the aim for absolute values and the search for permanent justice, on the other hand, the relativism dictated by history and tradition.
2001-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36107/1/MPRA_paper_36107.pdf
Schilirò, Daniele (2001): Etica, economia e principi di giustizia.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36239
2019-10-02T00:54:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483430
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36239/
Two explanations to the willingness to accept and willingness to pay gap plus an alternative
Beja Jr, Edsel
Q50 - General
H40 - General
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
D60 - General
A10 - General
D00 - General
The gap between the willingness to accept and willingness to pay is the outcome of incomplete valuation. The problem therefore is more about completing the valuation procedure. The first part of the solution involves two items: one is the inclusion of the direct and indirect income effects and the other is the inclusion of the substitution effect between the numeraire good (i.e., income) and the good under consideration. The second part of the solution concerns the respective hedonic content of income, the good, and the setting. These two explanations point to a third solution that puts the setting together with the income and substitution effects.
2012-01-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36239/1/MPRA_paper_36239.pdf
Beja Jr, Edsel (2012): Two explanations to the willingness to accept and willingness to pay gap plus an alternative.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36569
2019-09-26T09:24:16Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36569/
Lead Poisoning and The Bell Curve
Nevin, Rick
Q50 - General
A robust environmental health literature demonstrates that preschool lead exposure can cause neurodevelopmental damage and associated adverse impacts on IQ, education, and behavior. Cognitive psychology research also shows an association between IQ and education and behavior risks, but finds that IQ is largely inherited. The impact of lead exposure was barely acknowledged in a fierce debate over IQ after the 1994 publication of The Bell Curve, but subsequent research has shown that trends in behavior linked to IQ in The Bell Curve have tracked lead exposure trends across decades and around the world. Preschool lead exposure trends continue to predict global crime trends and USA trends in education attainment, mental retardation, and teenage pregnancy. Evidence from temporal analyses and other lead toxicity research suggest a causal relationship between lead exposure and important societal trends. Trends in tooth enamel formed in early childhood also confirm that The Bell Curve reflected birth years of extreme variation in lead exposure, resulting in extreme differences in estimated behavior risks associated with IQ. This evidence also presents a new perspective on cognitive research indicating that IQ is inherited.
2012-02-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36569/1/MPRA_paper_36569.pdf
Nevin, Rick (2012): Lead Poisoning and The Bell Curve.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:36903
2019-09-30T19:46:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503238
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36903/
Energy consumption and carbon dioxide environmental efficiency for former Soviet Union economies. evidence from DEA window analysis
Arazmuradov, Annageldy
Q50 - General
P28 - Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment
P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
The main source of convertible energy—fossil-fuel combustion—generates desirable means for production of national output (GDP) along with an undesirable by-product—carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This paper investigates the effect of this supply process for environmental quality. By introducing energy and non-energy production factors, we estimate economic and CO2 efficiency. We build an alternative environmental efficiency indicator with respect to CO2 emissions by applying non-parametric data-envelopment analysis (DEA)—window analysis under variable returns to scale (VRS)—to 15 former Soviet Union (FSU) economies for the period 1992–2008. There is a clear distinction between three FSU economies—Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (now EU member states)—and the rest of the sample in that they display better environmental performance. In these three countries, economic efficiency directly influences the environmental performance. Results also show that over time FSU economies improve their CO2 environmental efficiency and comply with the Kyoto Protocol directives. However, this positive gain comes with costs; it seems there is a tradeoff between positive output production (GDP) and controlling for carbon emission. On average, we observe a 15.9-percent drop in producing GDP, while there is a 1.59 -percent rise in positive environmental CO2 efficiency.
2011-12-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/36903/1/MPRA_paper_36903.pdf
Arazmuradov, Annageldy (2011): Energy consumption and carbon dioxide environmental efficiency for former Soviet Union economies. evidence from DEA window analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:37535
2019-09-27T14:30:29Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513430
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37535/
Energy consumption, emissions and economic growth in an oil producing country
Ismail, Mohd Adib
Mawar, Murni Yunus
Q50 - General
Q40 - General
O40 - General
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
This study is aimed to examine the causal relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and emissions in Bahrain. As required by the Kyoto Protocol where Bahrain has ratified in 2006, it is to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study uses Toda and Yamamoto’s (1995) approach to investigate the relationship. The finding regarding the relationship is crucial as it will justify appropriate steps should be taken by Bahrain to reduce emissions without affecting her national output. Using annual data for a period from 1980 to 2007, this study finds that there are unidirectional relationship between output, capital, energy use, labor and emissions. It also finds that there is causality running from output to capital, energy use and emissions, but not vice versa. Therefore, this study suggests emissions cut cannot be simply taken without sacrificing the economy. On the other hand, replacing capitals with greener capitals is the best choice as it reduces emissions through energy efficiency and less GHG emissions.
2012-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/37535/1/MPRA_paper_37535.pdf
Ismail, Mohd Adib and Mawar, Murni Yunus (2012): Energy consumption, emissions and economic growth in an oil producing country.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38147
2019-09-26T23:12:53Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523130
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38147/
A conditional directional distance function approach for measuring regional environmental efficiency: Evidence from the UK regions
Halkos, George
Tzeremes, Nickolaos
R10 - General
Q50 - General
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
C60 - General
This paper, by using conditional directional distance functions as introduced by Simar and Vanhems [J. Econometrics 166 (2012) 342-354] modifies the model by Färe and Grosskopf [Eur. J. Operat. Res. 157 (2004) 242-245], examines the link between regional environmental efficiency and economic growth. The proposed model using conditional directional distance functions incorporates the effect of regional economic growth on regions’ environmental efficiency levels. The results from the UK regional data reveal that economic growth has a negative effect on regions’ environmental performance up to a certain GDP per capita level, where after that point the effect becomes positive. This indicates the existence of a Kuznets type relationship between the UK regions’ environmental performance and economic growth.
2012-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38147/1/MPRA_paper_38147.pdf
Halkos, George and Tzeremes, Nickolaos (2012): A conditional directional distance function approach for measuring regional environmental efficiency: Evidence from the UK regions.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38329
2019-10-12T04:51:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D52:5230:523030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38329/
Impactos ambientais e regionais de cenários de crescimento da economia brasileira — 2002-2012
Guilhoto, Joaquim J. M.
Lopes, Ricardo Luis
Motta, Ronaldo Serroa da
Q50 - General
R00 - General
This study simulates environmental effects with the inter-regional general
equilibrium model Mibra assuming economic growth rates in a pessimist scenario of
2.3% a.a. and an optimist scenario of 4.4% a.a., both for the period 2002-2012.
Using pollution intensity coefficients associated to production activities,
environmental effects were estimated for the whole country as well as for the regions
North, Central, Northeast, Southeast and South. Results indicate that reducing
concentration growth in the axes Southeast-South may improve environmental
efficiency of the whole economy with lower ratios of industrial pollution and water
and energy use levels per unit of output produced.
2002
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38329/1/MPRA_paper_38329.pdf
Guilhoto, Joaquim J. M. and Lopes, Ricardo Luis and Motta, Ronaldo Serroa da (2002): Impactos ambientais e regionais de cenários de crescimento da economia brasileira — 2002-2012.
pt
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38473
2019-09-27T14:30:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433332
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5134:513433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38473/
Energy use, emissions, economic growth and trade: A Granger non-causality evidence for Malaysia
Ismail, Mohd Adib
Mawar, Murni Yunus
C32 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes ; State Space Models
Q50 - General
Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
This paper investigates the relationship among energy, emissions and economic growth in Malaysia with the presence of trade activities. We employ Johansen’s (1995) approach to investigate the relationship. Using annual data from 1971 to 2007, the empirical results shows that there are long-run causalities among energy, emission and economic growth, and among energy, emissions, export and capital, while the short-run Granger non-causality test shows that there are unidirectional causalities running from energy to economic growth and capital, from economic growth to capital and from emissions to export. The short-run results show that the Malaysian data support the growth hypothesis relationship between energy and economic growth, in which the conservation policies such as reduction measures in energy use will not work to improve the environment. In contrast, in the long-run, the feedback hypothesis is observed. Therefore, we suggest the policy makers in Malaysia to focus on long-run conservation policies.
2012
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38473/2/MPRA_paper_38473.pdf
Ismail, Mohd Adib and Mawar, Murni Yunus (2012): Energy use, emissions, economic growth and trade: A Granger non-causality evidence for Malaysia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38656
2019-10-05T10:39:47Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38656/
Enforcement and air pollution: an environmental justice case study
Germani, Anna Rita
Morone, Piergiuseppe
Testa, Giuseppina
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
Q50 - General
This paper provides an environmental justice empirical analysis on the relationship between income, demographic characteristics and concentrations of air industrial pollutants within the Italian provinces. Two general conclusions can be drawn from the empirical results. First, the estimates obtained are consistent with an inverse U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve: air pollution releases increase with income up to a turning point, where the relation reverts. Second, there is evidence that air releases tend to be higher in provinces with high concentration of females as households’ head and with high concentration of children. Since our findings do not point to environmental discrimination on the basis of ethnicity, this suggests that environmental justice issues in Italy are not likely to manifest themselves along racial and ethnic terms but instead in terms of social categories and gender composition. We also find that judicial inefficiency (a measure of the inefficiency of law enforcement) is associated with higher levels of pollution. In terms of policy implications, this result suggests the need to strengthen, all through the territory, the local enforcement of environmental laws in order to possibly reduce the negative effects on ambient air pollution.
2011-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38656/1/MPRA_paper_38656.pdf
Germani, Anna Rita and Morone, Piergiuseppe and Testa, Giuseppina (2011): Enforcement and air pollution: an environmental justice case study.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:38671
2019-09-29T05:27:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433434
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38671/
Environmental efficiency indices: towards a new approach to green-growth accounting
Peroni, Chiara
Q50 - General
C44 - Operations Research ; Statistical Decision Theory
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
O40 - General
This article analyses the link between environmental and productive efficiency in a group of EU member states and the US using data from the UN Framework Convention
on Climate Change. Its main indicator, carbon intensity, is defined as the ratio of total greenhouse gases emissions to output. A non-parametric frontier approach enables modelling a multiple output technology in which greenhouse gas emissions are an undesirable outcome of a production process. A DEA method is used to compute environmental efficiency indices, which grade countries according to their ability to increase production
while reducing pollutants, under minimal assumptions. The only assumptions are that bad outputs are costly to dispose of and that returns to scale are variable. The study
shows that productive efficiency is considerably lowered when environmental degradation are taken into account. Only two (Luxembourg and Sweden) out of 16 countries are environmentally efficient. Malmquist indices, however, show that environmental performances improved over the period considered in nearly all countries. A decomposition of carbon intensity, which links emission performance to technical progress, is also presented; this highlights the positive contribution of labour productivity on the reduction in carbon intensity. Finally, no evidence of a DEA-based environmental Kuznet curve is found.
2012-02-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38671/1/MPRA_paper_38671.pdf
Peroni, Chiara (2012): Environmental efficiency indices: towards a new approach to green-growth accounting.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39171
2019-09-28T04:40:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513030
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D41:4132:413230
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433630
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483430
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443630
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39171/
Two explanations to the willingness to accept and willingness to pay gap plus an alternative
Beja Jr, Edsel
Q50 - General
Q00 - General
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
A20 - General
A10 - General
C60 - General
H40 - General
D60 - General
D00 - General
The gap between the willingness to accept and willingness to pay is the outcome of incomplete valuation. The problem therefore is more about completing the valuation procedure. The first part of the solution involves two items: one is the inclusion of the direct and indirect income effects and the other is the inclusion of the substitution effect between the numeraire good (i.e., income) and the good under consideration. The second part of the solution concerns the respective hedonic content of income, the good, and the setting. These two explanations point to a third solution that puts the setting together with the income and substitution effects.
2012-01-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39171/1/MPRA_paper_39171.pdf
Beja Jr, Edsel (2012): Two explanations to the willingness to accept and willingness to pay gap plus an alternative.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39480
2023-09-08T17:03:19Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4A:4A34:4A3433
7375626A656374733D4E:4E35:4E3530
7375626A656374733D51:5130
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D59:5939
7375626A656374733D43:4330:433031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39480/
Proceedings"Agro-food and rural economy competitiveness in terms of global crisis"
Cvijanović, Drago
Andrei, Jean
Subić, Jonel
Ion, Raluca
Q50 - General
J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
N50 - General, International, or Comparative
Q0 - General
Q24 - Land
Y9 - Other
C01 - Econometrics
The volume contains the papers presented during the International conference entitled:’ Agro-food and rural economy competitiveness in terms of global crisis’, organized by the Faculty of Agro-Food and Environmental Economics from Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Institute Of Agricultural Economics, Belgrade – Serbia, Faculty Of Agriculture, Zemun – Serbia, Institute Of Agricultural Economics, Romanian Academy, Bucharest – Romania, Institute of Research for Agricultural Economics And Rural Development, Bucharest – Romania and The Balkan Scientific Association Of Agrarian Economists, held in Bucharest, Romania, September, 23- 24, 2011
Structured in accordance with the sessions of the conference, the volume includes papers and relevant contributions on plenary speakers, rural and agro-food economy, economy of knowledge transfer in agro-food sector and rural economy, rural development, agricultural systems, environmental protection, more generally, agricultural policy.
Publishing this volume represents a term of the interest expressed by ythe highest academic and research groups in Europe with interests in the agricultural policy and systems, rural development, as well as states’ bodies that develop specific empirical studies or field studies.
2011-09-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39480/1/MPRA_paper_39480.pdf
Cvijanović, Drago and Andrei, Jean and Subić, Jonel and Ion, Raluca (2011): Proceedings"Agro-food and rural economy competitiveness in terms of global crisis". Published in: Economics of Agriculture , Vol. 59, No. Special Issue 1 (23 September 2011): pp. 1-445.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39553
2019-09-30T16:41:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513030
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D48:4830:483030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39553/
Public sector transparency and countries’ environmental performance: A nonparametric analysis
Halkos, George
Tzeremes, Nickolaos
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
Q50 - General
Q00 - General
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
H00 - General
Based on the theoretical background of the link between countries’ transparency and environmental policy our paper provides empirical evidence for a sample of 68 countries for the time period of 2001-2010. By assuming that countries’ transparency levels shape their environmental policy which reflects upon their environmental performance levels, we develop an empirical model for investigating such a relationship. By modifying a conditional directional distance function model, we incorporate on the measurement of countries’ environmental performance the effect of their public sector transparency levels. The empirical results indicate that public sector transparency has a statistically significant impact on countries’ environmental performance with the relation in the case of emerging-developing economies appearing as an inverted ‘W’ shape, whereas in the case of advanced-developed economies indicating an inverted ‘U’ shape.
2012-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39553/1/MPRA_paper_39553.pdf
Halkos, George and Tzeremes, Nickolaos (2012): Public sector transparency and countries’ environmental performance: A nonparametric analysis.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39557
2019-09-28T17:40:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433234
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513531
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39557/
Assessing the economic value of protecting artificial lakes
Halkos, George
Q50 - General
C24 - Truncated and Censored Models ; Switching Regression Models ; Threshold Regression Models
Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
This study examines the current and potential economic value of an artificial lake aiming to explore the factors that affect people’s willingness to pay (WTP) for its protection. The WTP was derived from a face-to-face survey of 564 residents and recreational users of the Plastira’s lake, one of the most important constructed wetlands in Greece. We find a higher WTP of individuals towards the lake’s functions and their desire to prevent possible diminutions of its total economic value and we show that the most important variable is pro-environmental behavior. It is also found that respondents have different behavior for lake’s economic value according mainly to their origin (residents or recreational users). Using adequate econometric models to take into consideration the protest answers, we find changes in the influence of the explanatory variables compared to the usual simple binary model formulations. With the help of principal components analysis, four factors are extracted (water use, production, flora and fauna and quasi-option values) and their influence on respondents’ WTP is explored. Demographic variables (like income, age, gender) together with the extracted factors have a strong impact on the decision of individuals to pay as well as on the specific amounts stated.
2012-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39557/1/MPRA_paper_39557.pdf
Halkos, George (2012): Assessing the economic value of protecting artificial lakes.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39680
2019-10-05T16:22:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523230
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39680/
Environmental fiscal reform and willingness to pay for the environment: an empirical analysis on European micro data
Ercolano, Salvatore
Gaeta, Giuseppe Lucio
Romano, Oriana
Q50 - General
R20 - General
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
This paper empirically investigates the determinants of willingness to pay (WTP) for the environment, employing micro data from the European Value Survey (EVS) over 2008-2010 in 27 European countries. Using ordered logit, logit and partially constrained generalized ordered logit models, we explore a wide set of individual and country level determinants. Our particular focus is on whether WTP is influenced by the Environmental Fiscal Reforms (EFR), carried out only in some countries of our sample. Our results show that WTP for the environment is lower in countries where an Environmental Fiscal Reform has been introduced. Moreover, analyses conducted on the role of information highlight that being presumably aware of the environmental fiscal reform does not affect positively the marginal willingness to pay for the environment.
2012-06-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39680/1/MPRA_paper_39680.pdf
Ercolano, Salvatore and Gaeta, Giuseppe Lucio and Romano, Oriana (2012): Environmental fiscal reform and willingness to pay for the environment: an empirical analysis on European micro data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:39949
2019-10-02T16:56:07Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4D:4D32:4D3230
7375626A656374733D48:4830:483030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39949/
Contributions of the private sector to global biodiversity protection: case study of the fortune 500 companies
Bhattacharya, Tania Ray
Managi, Shunsuke
Q50 - General
M20 - General
H00 - General
This paper assesses the current activities of U.S. Fortune 500 companies with respect to global biodiversity protection and the goals of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD). Data and information collected from five hundred companies within eight major industrial sectors was further categorized at the company level to assess each company’s involvement in global biodiversity protection. Our findings show that although companies’ business profiles highly influence their decision-making process regarding the adoption of biodiversity protection policies and measures, their revenue profiles are less influential. We show that despite generating low revenues, companies in the utility sector are more active in the adoption of biodiversity protection policy than are those in the financial sector, which generates high revenues. This study also demonstrates that companies must be convinced of the major effects of biodiversity loss on their bottom lines to be motivated to protect biological diversity. Companies’ business and business related risk profiles can also influence the adoption of biodiversity protection policies within the company. The study further demonstrates that a measurable biodiversity impact indicator is necessary for the companies to get seriously involved in the mitigation action. Finally this study proposes a three step biodiversity loss mitigation action framework which is drawn upon the assessment of the 500 companies which can contribute to develop an elaborative framework of business sector specific mitigation plan.
2012-06-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39949/2/MPRA_paper_39949.pdf
Bhattacharya, Tania Ray and Managi, Shunsuke (2012): Contributions of the private sector to global biodiversity protection: case study of the fortune 500 companies.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:40015
2019-09-28T16:29:41Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523135
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433630
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40015/
Regional economic growth and environmental efficiency in greenhouse emissions: A conditional directional distance function approach
Halkos, George
Tzeremes, Nickolaos
Q50 - General
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
R15 - Econometric and Input-Output Models ; Other Models
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
C60 - General
By using conditional directional distance functions this paper investigates the effect of regional economic growth on regions’ environmental efficiency in greenhouse gas emissions. A sample of ninety eight regions (NUTS 2 level) from Germany, France and the U.K. has been used and regional environmental inefficiencies have been obtained using both the unconditional and conditional output directional distance functions. The results reveal that German regions have the highest environmental efficiency levels. In addition it appears that the effect of regional economic growth on regions’ environmental efficiency levels varies between regions and countries due to different national administrative arrangements on the implementation of environmental policies.
2012-07-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40015/1/MPRA_paper_40015.pdf
Halkos, George and Tzeremes, Nickolaos (2012): Regional economic growth and environmental efficiency in greenhouse emissions: A conditional directional distance function approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:40387
2019-09-28T20:23:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40387/
Carbon dioxide emissions and governance: A nonparametric analysis for the G-20
Halkos, George
Tzeremes, Nickolaos
Q50 - General
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
C50 - General
This paper applies nonparametric estimators to examine countries’ carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and governance relationship. By using data for the time period 1996-2010 of the twenty largest economies (Group of twenty, G-20) the dynamics of the considered relationship are analyzed. Six governance measures are included in our analysis (Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law and Control of Corruption) as have been defined in World Governance Indicators from the World Bank. The empirical findings reveal a nonmonotonic relationship between countries’ CO2 emissions and the examined governance measures. In addition and with respect to the environmental policy makers, a significant difference on the number of governance measures influencing countries’ carbon dioxide emissions which is subject to countries’ specific regional and development variations is recorded. Finally, the carbon dioxide emissions-governance relationship is highly nonlinear and appears that countries’ higher governance quality does not always result to lower carbon dioxide emission levels.
2012-08-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40387/1/MPRA_paper_40387.pdf
Halkos, George and Tzeremes, Nickolaos (2012): Carbon dioxide emissions and governance: A nonparametric analysis for the G-20.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:40561
2019-10-09T04:33:01Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40561/
An Introduction to the Natural Disaster Vulnerability Evaluation Modeling (NDVE-Modeling): Theory and Application
Ruiz Estrada, M.A.
Park, D
Q50 - General
O40 - General
The natural disasters have a potentially large impact on economic growth but measuring their economic impact is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. The central objective of our paper is to set forth a model – the natural disasters vulnerability evaluation modeling (NDVE-Modeling) – to evaluate the impact of natural disasters on GDP growth. The model is based on three basic indicators - (i) the natural disasters vulnerability propensity rate (Ω); (ii) the natural disaster devastation magnitude rate (Π); and (iii) economic desgrowth rate (δ). We apply the NDVE-Modeling on different countries around the world and especially on the case of the Japanese Tsunami in March 2011.
2011-09-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40561/2/MPRA_paper_40561.pdf
Ruiz Estrada, M.A. and Park, D (2011): An Introduction to the Natural Disaster Vulnerability Evaluation Modeling (NDVE-Modeling): Theory and Application.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:41117
2019-09-29T04:23:55Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41117/
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПОНЯТТЯ "ЗЕЛЕНИЙ БІЗНЕС"
Stepanenko, Bohdana
Q50 - General
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
The term «green business» is defined. Theoretical and methodological principles of functioning of this type of activity are reflected. Basic aspects and main development stages of green business are marked out. The classification of green business enterprise is shown.
2010-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41117/1/MPRA_paper_41117.pdf
Stepanenko, Bohdana (2010): КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПОНЯТТЯ "ЗЕЛЕНИЙ БІЗНЕС". Published in: Економіка та прогнозування , Vol. 4, (November 2010): pp. 22-38.
uk
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:41126
2019-09-30T16:37:20Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3133
7375626A656374733D47:4733:473330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41126/
Зелений бізнес в Україні: становлення та фінансування
Stepanenko, Bohdana
Q50 - General
M13 - New Firms ; Startups
G30 - General
The article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical and methodological bases of establishment and development of green business in Ukraine. Basic economic problems which would be solved after the implementation of this activity are exposed. Basic directions of green business development in Ukraine are indicated. Financial possibilities of establishment and development of this economic activity are analysed.
2010-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41126/1/MPRA_paper_41126.pdf
Stepanenko, Bohdana (2010): Зелений бізнес в Україні: становлення та фінансування. Published in: Економічний часопис-ХХІ , Vol. 9-10, (October 2010): pp. 33-36.
uk
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:41616
2019-09-27T07:40:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D4C:4C32:4C3236
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41616/
Methodology Features of green business development
Shumska, Svitlana
Stepanenko-Lypovyk, Bohdana
Q50 - General
L26 - Entrepreneurship
A transition from the extensive type of economic development to sustainable should provide
the minimization of the non-renewable natural resources use and effective use of renewable
ones, improvement of environmental quality and increase of the state’s ecological security and
lead to stable economy growth. Such transition supposes to form new kinds of economic activity
that make profit and have positive influence on environment. One of such activity is ‘green
business’. The article defining this notion and describes theoretical and methodological
principles of functioning of this type of activity. Also the basic aspects and main development
stages of green business are marked out and the classification of green business enterprise is
shown.
2012-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41616/1/MPRA_paper_41616.pdf
Shumska, Svitlana and Stepanenko-Lypovyk, Bohdana (2012): Methodology Features of green business development. Published in: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT , Vol. Vol. 3, (September 2012): pp. 146-149.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:42007
2019-09-27T06:53:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42007/
Impact of Population on Environment in Madurai District
T., MAHESWARI
Q50 - General
The world has changed greatly since the 1960s and 1970s, when there existed a virtual consensus among Western experts that rapid population growth in the developing world represented a serious global crisis. One of the primary causes of environmental degradation in a country could be attributed to rapid growth of population, which adversely affects the natural resources and environment. This study, in general, makes an endeavor to demonstrate how the population growth in Madurai district in Tamilnadu State of India has been conducive to the environmental degradation. In all the decades the decadal growth rate of population of Madurai district is higher than that of State except in the decade 1991-2001. It can be concluded from the present study that there is a pressure of population on the environment in Madurai district. Population is an important source of development, yet it is a major source of environmental degradation when it exceeds the threshold limits of the support systems. Unless the relationship between the multiplying population and the life support system can be stabilized, development programs, howsoever, innovative are not likely to yield desired results.
2012-10-30
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42007/1/MPRA_paper_42007.pdf
T., MAHESWARI (2012): Impact of Population on Environment in Madurai District.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:42661
2019-09-30T08:13:55Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42661/
La teoria economica dell'equilibrio
Muoio, Paola
Q50 - General
A10 - General
The real economy is predominated by the non neutrality of monetary variables in the economic system and by the existence of underemployment equilibria and growing forms of environmental damage.
The theory of general economic equilibrium revisited by monetarists conduced to the full employment equilibrium that must produce a natural unemployment rate,not dipending from the money supply existing in the system, not realizing that the equilibrium of the economic system is a mere illusion.
In fact there can be multiple equilibria and ecomic cycles due to instables models who consider the caos theory in economics.
The neoclassical paradigm however regenerate itself studying the environmetal economics as mere analisys of negative externalities and pervese effects into the environment, with the aim to reintroduce the environment variable into a scheme of general economic equilibrium.
The orthodox economist see the world as a machine, while the environment is a leaving organism and the analitical approach must be decidedly non linear. The behaviour of the system can be absolutely different fron which could be forecasting by extrapolation of an individualistic behaviour model.
It is too complex to be explaned trough a mechanic approach.
In conclusion, the equilibrium approach is fallacious and the classic economic policies haven't efficacy, due tho the imprevedibility of the economic system on the long period.
Thus, the orthodox environmental ecomomics proposing taxes and subsidies to compensate negative externalities is limited by the insufficience of its theoretical basis.
2009-04-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42661/3/MPRA_paper_42661.pdf
Muoio, Paola (2009): La teoria economica dell'equilibrio. Published in: http://www.filosofia-ambientale.it/ (15 April 2009)
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:42675
2019-10-10T13:10:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42675/
Economic growth and environmental efficiency: Evidence from U.S. regions
Halkos, George
Tzeremes, Nickolaos
Q50 - General
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
This paper proposes a conditional directional distance function model in order to examine the link between regional environmental efficiency and GDP per capita levels. As an illustrative example we apply our model to USA regional data revealing an inverted ‘U’ shape relationship between regional environmental efficiency and per capita income. The results derived from a non-parametric regression indicate a turning point at 49,000 dollars.
2012-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42675/1/MPRA_paper_42675.pdf
Halkos, George and Tzeremes, Nickolaos (2012): Economic growth and environmental efficiency: Evidence from U.S. regions.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:42849
2019-09-30T14:32:47Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42849/
Determining optimal air quality standards: Quantities or prices?
Halkos, George
Q50 - General
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
In this study, a basic comparison between the Pigouvian and the Coasean approaches is carried out in order to discuss and comment on the mechanisms by which externalities are resolved. Environmental control approaches are examined and compared in terms of minimization of abatement costs, development of new technologies, revenue-generating capacity, complexity, popularity, incentives to cheat and inflation and adjustment costs. It seems that economic instruments have several advantages over regulations: they are less rigid and static, they are cost-effective, provide a source of finance and encourage innovation. However, market mechanisms do not invalidate regulatory approaches; they are, and must be, an adjunct to them.
2000
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/42849/1/MPRA_paper_42849.pdf
Halkos, George (2000): Determining optimal air quality standards: Quantities or prices? Published in: Archieves of Economic History , Vol. 2, No. XIV (2002): pp. 61-82.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:44231
2019-09-29T06:54:04Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3434
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44231/
An additive two-stage DEA approach creating sustainability efficiency indexes
Halkos, George
Tzeremes, Nickolaos
Q50 - General
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
O44 - Environment and Growth
In this paper we apply an additive two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) estimator on a panel of 27 Annex I countries for the time period 2006-2010 in order to create sustainability efficiency indexes. The sustainability efficiency indexes are decomposed into economic and eco-efficiency indicators. The results reveal inequalities among the examined countries between the two stages. The eco-efficiency stage is characterized by large inequalities among countries and significantly lower efficiency scores than the overall or/and the economic efficiency stages. Finally, it is reported that a country’s high economic efficiency level does not ensure a high eco-efficiency performance.
2013-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44231/1/MPRA_paper_44231.pdf
Halkos, George and Tzeremes, Nickolaos (2013): An additive two-stage DEA approach creating sustainability efficiency indexes.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45024
2019-10-01T19:41:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45024/
Adaptation as a Response to Climate Change: A Literature Review
Ahmed, Khalid
Long, Wei
Q50 - General
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q58 - Government Policy
Climate Change is one of the biggest challenges the human race is being encountered in this centaury. The continuous rise in average temperature, extreme weather occurrence, occurrence of drought and floods, intensity and frequency of storms, change in precipitation, and so many other identified and unidentified effects are giving birth. In upcoming years, the climate change would be more severe and challenging, and as a result, it would fetch the attention of whole world towards itself. In this scenario, the different policy options and techniques evolved to cope the climatic changes and its effects on society, economy and nature. The lack of response of carbon emitters in mitigation has aid to raise temperature continuously. This time adaptation is getting more and more attention to reduce the socio economic vulnerability and risks associated with the climate change. Adaptation is unavoidable. This paper enumerates the literature review of Adaptation. Although this term is not new but it has been focused in last few years as one of the key responses to climate change. How and why adaptation is necessary and its implications in coping the climate change challenges and what progress has been made in past and present.
2010-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45024/1/MPRA_paper_45024.PDF
Ahmed, Khalid and Long, Wei (2010): Adaptation as a Response to Climate Change: A Literature Review.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:45480
2019-10-08T04:41:26Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433233
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3130
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3230
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45480/
Economy - environment relationship: The case of sulphur emissions
Halkos, George
C23 - Panel Data Models ; Spatio-temporal Models
O10 - General
O20 - General
Q50 - General
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
This paper explores the relationship between economic development (in the form of GDP/c) and environmental pollution (in the form of sulphur emissions) by using a dynamic panel data for 97 countries for the time period 1950-2003. Various panel data econometric techniques are applied to a sample including only European Union (EU) countries and to a full sample including both the EU countries of the EU-countries sample, as well as, certain non-EU countries. The empirical results indicate significant differences between the two samples. For the case of the full sample, cross-country variation in the estimated slopes is observed, and parameters are extremely heterogeneous across countries making aggregate summarization not to be useful at all.
However, the previous findings do not hold for the sample of the EU country members, resulting to the conclusion that policies to control pollution have to take into consideration both the specific economic situation and the structure of the industrial and the business sectors of each region. The last argument is even more important if someone takes into consideration transboundary pollution problems. Finally, in terms of policy implications, the study discusses the main options for sulphur emissions abatement.
2011-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45480/1/MPRA_paper_45480.pdf
Halkos, George (2011): Economy - environment relationship: The case of sulphur emissions. Published in: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management , Vol. 56, No. 2 (March 2013): pp. 159-177.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:46368
2019-09-28T16:36:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513234
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513235
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513238
7375626A656374733D51:5133:513338
7375626A656374733D51:5135
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46368/
Natural resources conservation management and strategies in agriculture
Bachev, Hrabrin
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Q24 - Land
Q25 - Water
Q28 - Government Policy
Q38 - Government Policy
Q5 - Environmental Economics
Q50 - General
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
This paper suggests a holistic framework for assessment and improvement of management strategies for conservation of natural resources in agriculture. First, it incorporates an interdisciplinary approach (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Ecology, Technology, Behavioral and Political Sciences) and presents a modern framework for assessing environmental management and strategies in agriculture including: specification of specific “managerial needs” and spectrum of feasible governance modes (institutional environment; private, collective, market, and public modes) of natural resources conservation at different level of decision-making (individual, farm, eco-system, local, regional, national, transnational, and global); specification of critical socio-economic, natural, technological, behavioral etc. factors of managerial choice, and feasible spectrum of (private, collective, public, international) managerial strategies; assessment of efficiency of diverse management strategies in terms of their potential to protect diverse eco-rights and investments, assure socially desirable level of environmental protection and improvement, minimize overall (implementing, third-party, transaction etc.) costs, coordinate and stimulate eco-activities, meet preferences and reconcile conflicts of individuals etc. Second, it presents evolution and assesses the efficiency of diverse management forms and strategies for conservation of natural resources in Bulgarian agriculture during post-communist transformation and EU integration (institutional, market, private, and public), and evaluates the impacts of EU CAP on environmental sustainability of farms of different juridical type, size, specialization and location. Finally, it suggests recommendations for improvement of public policies, strategies and modes of intervention, and private and collective strategies and actions for effective environmental protection.
2013-04-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/46368/1/MPRA_paper_46368.pdf
Bachev, Hrabrin (2013): Natural resources conservation management and strategies in agriculture.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:47185
2019-10-11T04:37:23Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513537
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47185/
Monitoring payments for watershed services schemes in developing countries
Ina, Porras
Bruce, Alyward
Jeff, Dengel
Q50 - General
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
Payments for watershed services (PWS) are schemes that use funds from water users (including governments) as an incentive for landholders to improve their land management practices. They are increasingly seen as a viable policy alternative to watershed management issues, and a means of
addressing chronic problems such as declining water flows, deteriorating water quality and flooding. In some places, local governments, donor agencies and NGOs are actively trying to upscale and replicate PWS schemes across the area. While their apparent success and progress in launching
new initiatives is encouraging, there is still much to be learned from formative experiences in this field, especially with regard to monitoring and evaluation. In this paper we discuss the monitoring and evaluation criteria behind compliance or transactional monitoring, which ensures that contracts are followed, and effectiveness conditionality, which looks at how schemes manage to achieve their environmental objectives regardless of the degree of
compliance. Although the two are usually linked, a high degree of compliance does not necessarily ensure that a scheme is effective. This is because a poorly designed scheme may target the wrong land managers and land that is at least risk, meaning that payments do not generate the desired hydro-ecological or conservation benefits. As the levering capacity to demand payments for better watershed management increases, so does the need to understand the dynamics of such activities and demonstrate their impacts. While the growing interest in such schemes shows that participants believe in the principle of land management, evidence of their impact is needed to determine which initiatives genuinely add value and are worth pursuing.
2013-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/47185/1/MPRA_paper_47185.pdf
Ina, Porras and Bruce, Alyward and Jeff, Dengel (2013): Monitoring payments for watershed services schemes in developing countries. Published in: : pp. 1-36.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:48890
2019-10-19T13:12:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483233
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48890/
Environmental performance and quality of governance: A non-parametric analysis of the NUTS 1-regions in France, Germany and the UK
Halkos, George
Sundström, Aksel
Tzeremes, Nickolaos
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
H23 - Externalities ; Redistributive Effects ; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
Q50 - General
Q58 - Government Policy
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
This paper applies nonparametric estimators to examine the effect of regional quality of government on the environmental performance in the NUTS 1-regions in France, Germany and the UK. The most comprehensive existing regional measure on governance is used, gauging the partiality, corruption and effectiveness of government services in each region. By utilizing regional level measures of three pollutants (CO2, CH4 and N2O) the effect of governance on environmental efficiency is analyzed. The empirical analysis suggests that there is a nonlinear relationship between regions’ governance quality levels and their environmental performance. It appears that the effect of regional quality of governance is positive up to a certain level, then turning slightly negative. This suggests that higher governance quality will not always result in increased environmental efficiency.
2013-08-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/48890/1/MPRA_paper_48890.pdf
Halkos, George and Sundström, Aksel and Tzeremes, Nickolaos (2013): Environmental performance and quality of governance: A non-parametric analysis of the NUTS 1-regions in France, Germany and the UK.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:50021
2019-09-27T08:03:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513030
7375626A656374733D51:5135
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50021/
The Macroeconomics evaluation of Climate Change Model (MECC-Model): The case Study of China
Ruiz Estrada, Mario Arturo
Q00 - General
Q5 - Environmental Economics
Q50 - General
Global climate change has a potentially large impact on economic growth but measuring their economic impact is subject to a great deal of uncertainty. The central objective of our paper is to set forth a model – the macroeconomics evaluation of climate change (MECC) model – to evaluate the impact of climate change on GNP growth. The model is based on five basic indicators – (i) the climate change growth rates (αi); (ii) the national climate change vulnerability rate (ΩT); (iii) the climate change magnitude rate (Π); (iv) the economic desgrowth rate (δ); (v) and the CC-Surface. In addition, we apply the MECC Model to the case of China to evaluate its impact on the Chinese economy.
2013-09-20
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50021/1/MPRA_paper_50021.pdf
Ruiz Estrada, Mario Arturo (2013): The Macroeconomics evaluation of Climate Change Model (MECC-Model): The case Study of China.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:51369
2019-09-30T23:59:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4438
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443830
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D4B:4B30
7375626A656374733D4B:4B33:4B3332
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D51:5135
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51369/
Discretionary enforcement and strategic interactions between firms, regulatory agency and justice department: a theoretical and empirical investigation
Germani, Anna Rita
Morone, Andrea
Morone, Piergiuseppe
Scaramozzino, Pasquale
D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty
D80 - General
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
K0 - General
K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
Q5 - Environmental Economics
Q50 - General
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
This paper presents a game theoretic morphological analysis of the U.S. environmental authorities’ (i.e., EPA and DOJ) behavioural mechanisms, based on strategic interactions among the players. The models explore the role of discretion that such authorities enjoy, either in deciding how to pursue environmental violations (investigative and prosecutorial discretion) or in judging them (judicial discretion). The purpose is to identify both the optimal firms’ behaviour in terms of compliance, and the DOJ’s and EPA’s optimal strategies in terms of enforcement actions to undertake. Consistent with the setting of the game theory models, the role of EPA and DOJ in deterring firms from polluting is, then, empirically tested, by means of a laboratory experiment. Laboratory evidence on compliance behaviour of firms when faced with enforcement conditions predicted by the theoretical models set up is discussed for the different experimental treatments performed.
2013-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/51369/1/MPRA_paper_51369.pdf
Germani, Anna Rita and Morone, Andrea and Morone, Piergiuseppe and Scaramozzino, Pasquale (2013): Discretionary enforcement and strategic interactions between firms, regulatory agency and justice department: a theoretical and empirical investigation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52089
2019-10-01T11:29:03Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523134
7375626A656374733D52:5234:523430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52089/
Urban Density and Climate Change: A STIRPAT Analysis using City-level Data
Liddle, Brantley
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
Q50 - General
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
R14 - Land Use Patterns
R40 - General
Two important, increasing trends for those concerned about climate change to consider are urbanization/the importance of cities and energy used in transport—particularly energy used to achieve personal mobility. While national urbanization levels are not a good indicator of urban transport demand, there is an established negative relationship between urban density and such demand. This paper uses a consistent, well-known population-based framework (the STIRPAT model) and three separate, but highly related, datasets of cities from developed and developing countries (with observations from 1990, 1995, and 2001) to examine the relationship among private transport energy consumption, population, income, urban density, and several variables (e.g., network size and prices) that describe the nature of the public and private transport systems of those cities. The paper confirms the now well-established result that urban density is negatively correlated with urban private transport energy consumption. In terms of policies, improving private vehicle fuel efficiency, in particular, and increasing fuel price as well as other ownership/operating costs for private transport could have a substantial impact on lowering transport energy consumption. On the other hand, there is no evidence that further lowering the cost to riders of public transport would lower private transport energy consumption. For cities in developing countries, demographic variables (population size and urban density) are particularly important in determining private transport energy consumption. Also, private transport energy consumption is considerably less price sensitive in those developing country cities compared to cities in the most developed countries.
2013
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52089/1/MPRA_paper_52086.pdf
Liddle, Brantley (2013): Urban Density and Climate Change: A STIRPAT Analysis using City-level Data. Published in: Journal of Transport Geography , Vol. 28, (2013): pp. 22-29.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52296
2019-09-28T08:04:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513030
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513235
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52296/
Cost-effectiveness analysis in reducing nutrient loading in Baltic and Black Seas: A review
Halkos, George
Q00 - General
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q25 - Water
Q50 - General
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Eutrophication represents a global environmental pressure that necessitates international co-operation and the diffusion of information to avoid information asymmetries, the construction of an appropriate legislative framework, the development of monitoring technologies and scientific research to provide the evidence base for any policy interventions. The health condition of the Baltic and Black Seas has deteriorated over a long period due to increases in nutrient inputs from anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic sources. The current report aims at providing a review of the literature and defining the possible gaps concerning (1) the attempts at regulatory intervention to address the problem of eutrophication in the Baltic and Black Seas, (2) the methodological issues in constructing a cost-effectiveness analysis, (3) the available applications of cost-effectiveness studies conducted and (4) the uncertainties and risks entailed in the cost-effectiveness studies.
2013-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52296/1/MPRA_paper_52296.pdf
Halkos, George (2013): Cost-effectiveness analysis in reducing nutrient loading in Baltic and Black Seas: A review.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:52797
2019-09-28T12:05:50Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3330
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513535
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52797/
Eco-Innovation – Does Additional Engagement Lead to Additional Rewards?
Doran, Justin
Ryan, Geraldine
O30 - General
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
Q50 - General
Q55 - Technological Innovation
Purpose
Eco-innovation is any form of product, process or organisational innovation that contributes towards sustainable development. Firms can eco-innovate in a variety of ways. In this paper we identify nine different eco-innovation activities - including such items as reducing material use per unit of output, reducing energy use per unit of output, reducing CO2 'footprint' - and we ask whether these act as substitutes or complements to one another.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach
Using data for over 2,000 Irish firms collected in a special module included in the sixth Community Innovation Survey we test whether the introduction of two eco-innovation activities over a short period of time provide a greater (lesser) benefit to the firm, in terms of turnover, than the introduction of these eco-innovations individually.
Findings
Introducing only one eco-innovation activity has little payoff (in terms of turnover per worker) with only those firms who reduce their CO2 'footprint' having higher levels of turnover per worker. When introducing more than one eco-innovation activity we find that certain eco-innovation activities complement one another (e.g. reducing material use within the firm at the same time as improving the ability to recycle the product after use) others act as substitutes (e.g. reducing material use within the firm at the same time as recycling waste, water, or materials within the firm).
Practical Implications
Our results suggest that firms can maximise their productive capacity by considering specific combinations of eco-innovation. This suggests that firms should plan to introduce eco-innovation which act as complements, thereby, boosting productivity. It also suggests that eco-innovation stimuli, introduced by policy makers, should be targeted at complementary eco-innovations.
Originality
We analyse whether eco-innovations act as complements or substitutes. While a number of studies have analysed the importance of eco-innovation for firm performance, few have assessed the extent to which diverse types of eco-innovation interact with each other to complement or substitute one another.
2014-01-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52797/1/MPRA_paper_52797.pdf
Doran, Justin and Ryan, Geraldine (2014): Eco-Innovation – Does Additional Engagement Lead to Additional Rewards? Forthcoming in: International Journal of Social Economics
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:53400
2019-10-01T19:31:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3532
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513536
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53400/
Spatial environmental efficiency indicators in regional waste generation: A nonparametric approach
Halkos, George
Papageorgiou, George
C6 - Mathematical Methods ; Programming Models ; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
O52 - Europe
Q50 - General
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
This paper computes and analyses for the first time environmental efficiencies in waste generation of 160 European regions in NUTS 2 level in seven European countries. For this reason different Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model formulations are used modeling the pollutant in the form of waste generation as a regular output and as a regular input. In the latter case we also use the notion of eco-efficiency. The empirical findings reveal environmental inefficiencies among the regions indicating the lack of a uniform regional environmental policy among the European countries. This finding is observed not only between countries but also between regions in the same country, implying the need for implementation of appropriate municipal environmental policies in waste management.
2014-02-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53400/1/MPRA_paper_53400.pdf
Halkos, George and Papageorgiou, George (2014): Spatial environmental efficiency indicators in regional waste generation: A nonparametric approach.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:53461
2019-09-29T18:30:56Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53461/
What time to adapt? The role of discretionary time in sustaining the climate change value-action gap
Chai, Andreas
Bradley, Graham
Lo, Alex Y.
Reser, Joseph
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
Q50 - General
We investigate the role discretionary (non-working) time plays in sustaining the gap between individuals’ concern about climate change and their propensity to act on this concern by adopting sustainable consumption practices. Using recent Australian survey data on climate change adaptation, we find that while discretionary time is unrelated to concern about climate change, it is positively correlated with the propensity to adopt mitigating behavior. Moreover, we find that increasing discretionary time is associated with significant reductions in the gap between the concern that individuals express about climate change and their reporting of engagement in sustainable consumption practices.
2014-02-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53461/1/MPRA_paper_53461.pdf
Chai, Andreas and Bradley, Graham and Lo, Alex Y. and Reser, Joseph (2014): What time to adapt? The role of discretionary time in sustaining the climate change value-action gap.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:53962
2019-09-27T00:14:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443530
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443538
7375626A656374733D44:4436
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453230
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7375626A656374733D4F:4F32
7375626A656374733D51:5130
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53962/
Inequality,Poverty and Hunger in Developing Countries: Sustainability Implications
Nwaobi, Godwin
D50 - General
D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
D6 - Welfare Economics
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
E20 - General
F0 - General
F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy
L50 - General
M20 - General
O1 - Economic Development
O2 - Development Planning and Policy
Q0 - General
Q50 - General
For several decades, the international community has aspired to integrate the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability. Yet, no country has achieved the patterns of consumption and production that could sustain global prosperity in the coming decades. Thus, with the increasing pace at which domestic markets are becoming integrated into the global economy, the debate on income disparities around the world has intensified. For the African, Caribbean and Pacific regions, it has become clear that it is not enough to help the poor and vulnerable survive short-term shocks. Particularly important, will be the ability of these economies to create new value-added products, processes and business models through innovation. In other words, competitiveness is a necessary but not sufficient condition for continued prosperity. Hence, the need for adjusted social and environmental sustainability measures of growth in these economies. Using Global Income Distribution Dynamics Model (GIDD) and Global General Equilibrium Model (LINKAGE), the paper predicts a reduction in regional income inequality by 2030. However, the potential reduction can be fully accounted for by the projected convergence in average income across countries. Consequently, the paper recommends the need to build the resilience of vulnerable populations of the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries for the purposes of stability and Godliness.
2014-02-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/53962/1/MPRA_paper_53962.pdf
Nwaobi, Godwin (2014): Inequality,Poverty and Hunger in Developing Countries: Sustainability Implications.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:54179
2019-09-27T03:35:17Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4435:443537
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D52:5231:523131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54179/
Economic growth x environment: forecasts for the Brazilian economy and its 5 macro regions, 2002 to 2012
Guilhoto, Joaquim José Martins
Lopes, Ricardo Luis
Motta, Ronaldo Seroa da
D57 - Input-Output Tables and Analysis
Q50 - General
R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
Using the MIBRA model, an Applied Interregional General Equilibrium Model, constructed for the Brazilian economy and its five macro regions (North, Northeast, Central West, Southeast, an South), this papers tries to identify which would be the impact of the economic growth in the Brazilian economy an in its macro regions, from 2002 to 2012, on environmental variables, i.e., organic and inorganic materials, particulates, sulfurates, water, energy, CO2, and the Amazon rain forest. Concerning the economic growth rates, two scenarios are constructed, one pessimist and other optimistic, and the impact of both scenarios on the environmental variables are then measured. Some major environmental concerns are raised for each one of the Brazilian macro regions: a) for the North region, represented mainly by the Amazon rain forest, it is taken into the consideration the trade off between the area used by agricultural activities with the area used by the rain forest; b) for the Northeast region, the main concern is the restriction on water use; c) for the Central West region, it is taken into consideration the expansion of the agriculture frontier; d) for the Southeast and South regions, the more industrialized regions, pollutants are a problem
2002
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54179/1/MPRA_paper_54179.pdf
Guilhoto, Joaquim José Martins and Lopes, Ricardo Luis and Motta, Ronaldo Seroa da (2002): Economic growth x environment: forecasts for the Brazilian economy and its 5 macro regions, 2002 to 2012.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:54915
2019-10-24T07:02:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433632
7375626A656374733D44:4434:443433
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483231
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513533
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54915/
Exploring the optimality of cyclical emission rates
Halkos, George
Papageorgiou, George
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
H21 - Efficiency ; Optimal Taxation
Q50 - General
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling
In this paper, the basic assumption is that the environment provides two different kinds of services. First, the environment may serve as an input to the production of conventional goods. For example, the exploitation of an oil source from which one firm extracts the oil which in turn is used as a fossil fuel for an industry. In the worst case, the use of the environment for industrial purposes will negatively affect the environment, e.g. the water quality of a paper mill along a river. Nevertheless, the possibility to pollute, i.e., to save abatement costs, lowers production costs. Hence, firms and consumers evaluate this service positively. Second, the environment itself-clean air, natural creeks and rivers instead of paper mills, hydro power plants, etc.-provides amenities and thus a second service that is different, because enjoying this service does not degrade environmental quality. As it is intuitively clear, the environment provides consumptive and non-consumptive uses. In renewable resources means, the environmental stock may be harvested and used as an input for conventional goods’ production but provides simultaneously a positive externality. The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamics of pollution and the possibility of cycles and instability, while the major finding of this paper is the following: Taking the simplest pollution model with one state and one control variables and extending it into two state variables, equilibrium may change from the fixed point into a limit cycle equilibrium, i.e. the optimal emissions rate may be cyclical.
2014-03-31
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/54915/1/MPRA_paper_54915.pdf
Halkos, George and Papageorgiou, George (2014): Exploring the optimality of cyclical emission rates.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:55459
2019-09-26T17:31:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D43:4338:433838
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55459/
Analyzing and visualizing the synergistic impact mechanisms of climate change related costs
Halkos, George
Tsilika, Kyriaki
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
C88 - Other Computer Software
Q50 - General
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q58 - Government Policy
One climate related phenomenon could affect many more. The direct costs associated to climate related factors pass to a number of other climate related costs through the indirect economic consequences of climate change. In this paper we propose a mathematical model which aims to provide forecasts of the distribution of the costs caused by the synergistic mechanism of environmental effects. The model is created to be directly applied to situations where the primary costs associated to climate related factors can be specified. It is expressed in matrix terms and is programmed using Mathematica’s matrix functions. We provide the framework for efficient computation of this model, covering possible linear and nonlinear functions of the impact mechanism for costs and, infinite direct cost scenarios. Some directions for the quantitative estimation of impact indicators and adaptation potentials of the costs incurred by certain climate related factors are included, in order to apply the proposed model using real socioeconomic data.
2014-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/55459/1/MPRA_paper_55459.pdf
Halkos, George and Tsilika, Kyriaki (2014): Analyzing and visualizing the synergistic impact mechanisms of climate change related costs.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56134
2019-10-16T08:59:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433133
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D43:4335:433533
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56134/
Διαστήματα εμπιστοσύνης για εκατοστημόρια σε στάσιμες ARMA διαδικασίες: Μία εμπειρική εφαρμογή σε περιβαλλοντικά δεδομένα
Halkos, George
Kevork, Ilias
C13 - Estimation: General
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods ; Simulation Methods
Q50 - General
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Percentiles estimation plays an important role at the stage of making decisions in many scientific fields. However, the up-to-now research on developing estimation methods for percentiles has been based on the assumption that the data in the sample are formed independently. In the current paper we suppress this restrictive assumption by assuming that the values of the variable under study are formed according to the general linear process. After deriving the asymptotic distribution of the Maximum Likelihood estimator for the 100×Pth percentile, we give the general form of the corresponding asymptotic confidence interval. Then, the performance of the estimated asymptotic confidence interval is evaluated in finite samples from the stationary AR(1) and ARMA(1,1) through Monte-Carlo simulations by computing two statistical criteria: (a) the actual confidence level, (b) the expected half-length as percentage of the true value of the percentile. Simulation results show that the validity of the estimated asymptotic confidence interval depends upon the sample size, the size of the 1st order theoretical autocorrelation coefficient, and the true cumulative probability P related to the percentile. Finally, an application example is given using the series of the CO2 annual emissions intensity in Greece (kg per kg of oil equivalent energy use) for the period 1961-2010. Confidence intervals for percentiles are constructed on this series and discussion about the validity of the estimation procedure follows according to the findings from the simulation experiments regarding the values of the aforementioned criteria.
2014-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56134/1/MPRA_paper_56134.pdf
Halkos, George and Kevork, Ilias (2014): Διαστήματα εμπιστοσύνης για εκατοστημόρια σε στάσιμες ARMA διαδικασίες: Μία εμπειρική εφαρμογή σε περιβαλλοντικά δεδομένα.
el
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:56841
2019-09-27T05:27:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513532
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513534
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56841/
The Economics of Climate Change Policy: Critical review and future policy directions
Halkos, George
Q50 - General
Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
Q58 - Government Policy
This paper presents the dimensions of the climate change problem and its economic effects as well as the evolution of the international meetings to cope with it. In these lines it discusses the use of Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), the damage cost estimates and various other issues related to global warming and concerning the significance of uncertainty and risk aversion, the importance of discounting and the impact of financial crisis on emissions predictions. The methods of constructing abatement cost curves together with adaptation policies are presented. It also refers to the basic policy approaches for reducing greenhouse gases paying attention to emissions trading schemes.
2014-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/56841/1/MPRA_paper_56841.pdf
Halkos, George (2014): The Economics of Climate Change Policy: Critical review and future policy directions.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:58879
2019-10-01T19:26:01Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D51:5130:513031
7375626A656374733D51:5135
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513530
7375626A656374733D51:5135:513538
7375626A656374733D52:5230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/58879/
Are Smaller Turbines the Way Forward for Wind Energy in Herefordshire?
Linnell, Peter
Q01 - Sustainable Development
Q5 - Environmental Economics
Q50 - General
Q58 - Government Policy
R0 - General
This study set out to determine the social and economic viability of a proposal that smaller turbines are 'better' for wind energy in the county of Herefordshire. The study is in two parts, an opinion poll and a technical desk study. The opinion poll was to discover variations in attitude to three sizes of turbines. Data gathered to allow sample verification also allowed investigation of how attitude varied with demographic factors. Additional questions gave estimates of public perception of WECS effectiveness related to size; and some basic findings on issues of ownership and investment.
A random stratified sample of 500 county residents yielded results showing strong correlation between size and attitudes. Questions were designed to also test the 'conditional' supporter model proposed by Bell and others, which was confirmed. Older and better off groups are significantly more likely to be opposed to any size of WECS; but strongest support also includes younger better off people. Respondents over estimated output of smallest and under estimated output of largest turbines. A considerable sub population supports the technology and local ownership, appearing willing to invest. Some methodological issues remain unresolved, but the results given are considered sufficiently robust for this scale of study.
The economic analysis was heavily dependant on a few meta-studies, backed up with calculations from primary data for calibration. The proposal to develop arrays of small turbines in place of large machines is revealed as unviable in energy and financial terms. A model of sub urban or industrial locations for medium and large scale WECS is proposed. In addition a community ownership model for projects at this scale is advanced as a pathway to local energy resilience, supportive participation, and energy equity.
2010-07-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/58879/1/MPRA_paper_58879.pdf
Linnell, Peter (2010): Are Smaller Turbines the Way Forward for Wind Energy in Herefordshire? Published in: MSc Dissertation, University of East London (10 June 2010)
en
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