2024-03-28T18:30:21Z
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/cgi/oai2
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:23
2019-09-27T03:52:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4837
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7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23/
Unemployment and Clientelism: The Piqueteros of Argentina
Ponce, Aldo Fernando
H7 - State and Local Government ; Intergovernmental Relations
H1 - Structure and Scope of Government
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
H77 - Intergovernmental Relations ; Federalism ; Secession
H41 - Public Goods
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
J50 - General
This paper sheds light on possible explanations for the success and sustainability of the piqueteros social movement in Argentina, developed from a comparative perspective based on Latin America. I show which institutional arrangements, political actors, and configurations of power contributed to the success of the piqueteros. Applying the basic principles of the rational choice approach, I find that the success of the piqueteros movement was produced by the current political division in the ruling party (the Peronist party), by the over-regulated Argentine labor market, and by the impact of the Argentine economic crisis through the unemployment rates.
2006-09-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23/1/MPRA_paper_23.pdf
Ponce, Aldo Fernando (2006): Unemployment and Clientelism: The Piqueteros of Argentina.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:138
2019-09-26T11:39:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3833
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/138/
Team Performance in UEFA Champions League 2005-06
Papahristodoulou, Christos
L83 - Sports ; Gambling ; Restaurants ; Recreation ; Tourism
Z0 - General
This study uses a multi-output multi-input Data Efficiency Analysis (DEA) to estimate the performance of all thirty-two participated football teams in the UEFA Champions League (CL) tournament 2005-06. The estimates are based on official match statistics from all 125 matches.
2006-09-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/138/1/MPRA_paper_138.pdf
Papahristodoulou, Christos (2006): Team Performance in UEFA Champions League 2005-06.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:166
2019-09-30T16:14:49Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
7375626A656374733D44:4431
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/166/
Religion, Capital social et réduction de la pauvreté au Cameroun: Le cas de la ville de Yaoundé
Odia Ndongo, Yves Francis
Ebene, Alice Justine
Tegnerowicz, Joanna
Z12 - Religion
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
This paper inscribes itself in the logic of debates on the policies of poverty reduction which have been taking place for a decade now. The author evaluates the influence of social religious capital on the poverty of households in Cameroon and particularly in Yaounde. First he identifies the determinants of religious social capital on the basis of a composite indicator, obtained by taking into account the percentage of heads of families who respond affirmatively to the question: "Can you count on the financial support of your religious community, that is of its leaders or other members, in the form of a loan and/or a gift, in the case of illness, of the death of a family member, of a job loss or when you experience short-term financial difficulties ?" The performed estimations allow us to reach the conclusion that the answer to this question depends on the head of family's level of education, on the frequency of his/her perusal of the sacred book (the Bible or the Koran), on the frequency of his/her participation in meetings of his/her religious community and on the existence or the non-existence of a formal and/or informal system of support on which the head of family can count in unexpected situations. Afterwards the author makes use of three different models to estimate three indicators - of monetary poverty, of poverty of living conditions and of poverty of potentialities - on the basis of socioeconomic determinants and of religious variables which allow one to explain the level of resources of the religious social capital. The obtained results prove that these religious variables influence the poverty of households in Yaounde.
2006-05-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/166/1/MPRA_paper_166.pdf
Odia Ndongo, Yves Francis and Ebene, Alice Justine and Tegnerowicz, Joanna (2006): Religion, Capital social et réduction de la pauvreté au Cameroun: Le cas de la ville de Yaoundé.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:167
2019-09-28T11:53:47Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30
7375626A656374733D59:5939
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/167/
Tourism policy innovations of an Indian state (Haryana)and their implications
Sharma, Chanchal Kumar
Z0 - General
Y9 - Other
Haryana was established in 1966 by getting carved out from the heart of the Indo-Gigantic
plains. Roughly the size of Belgium, Haryana has a track record of innovative tourism policies.Way back in '70s it was the first state to pioneer highway tourism. It went on to experiment with cultural and pilgrimage tourism in 80s and adventure and golf tourism in 90s and then farmhouse tourism at the turn of the century. While an emphasis on expanding markets for tourism is a praiseworthy move, devising strategies for promoting and protecting local culture, values, heritage, lifestyles and local natural resources and environments is also critical for sustenance of tourism. The paper looks at the socio-cultural dimensions of various tourism strategies adopted by
the state of Haryana, in order to underline the importance of ensuring effective planning and management for guaranteeing protection and preservation of cultural heritage, values, local environments and social well-being. It is thus a call for a mature response on part of the government for ensuring sustainable development of tourism. There is a need to develop a strategic framework involving coherent partnership between all the stakeholders, ensuring generation of foreign exchange without creating socio cultural and environmental problems and without having to exhaust assets which cannot be replaced.
2005-01-15
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/167/1/MPRA_paper_167.pdf
Sharma, Chanchal Kumar (2005): Tourism policy innovations of an Indian state (Haryana)and their implications. Published in: TOURISM: An International Interdisciplinary Journal , Vol. 53, No. 1 (2005): pp. 67-76.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:178
2019-09-27T13:38:35Z
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7375626A656374733D5A:5A30
7375626A656374733D48:4831
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D48:4837
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483737
7375626A656374733D48:4838
7375626A656374733D48:4838:483833
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/178/
The Federal Approach to FiscalDecentralisation: Conceptual Contours for Policy Makers
Sharma, Chanchal Kumar
Z0 - General
H1 - Structure and Scope of Government
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
H7 - State and Local Government ; Intergovernmental Relations
H77 - Intergovernmental Relations ; Federalism ; Secession
H8 - Miscellaneous Issues
H83 - Public Administration ; Public Sector Accounting and Audits
Chanchal Kumar Sharma,in his paper demonstrates that in order for fiscal decentralisation to be effective, it must be approached federally. A federal approach is not a decentralised approach but a dynamically balanced approach; one that constantly
keeps on adjusting the contrasting forces of centralisation and
decentralisation to create a system that can ensure good governance in
accordance with the rapidly changing global and local scenario.
According to the author, the good governance of the present time has to
be federally flexible and dynamically decentralised and institutions of
fiscal federalism are crucial for achieving such a dynamic equilibrium.
Fiscal decentralisation cannot be detached from the broader principles
of fiscal federalism if it is to be successful, irrespective of the fact of
whether it is being carried out in a federal or non-federal country. He
argues that too much decentralisation or an overly strong central federal
government precludes the survival of a constitutional federal state.
2003-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/178/1/MPRA_paper_178.pdf
Sharma, Chanchal Kumar (2003): The Federal Approach to FiscalDecentralisation: Conceptual Contours for Policy Makers. Published in: Loyola Journal of Social Sciences , Vol. Vol. (, No. No.(2) (December 2005): pp. 169-188.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:196
2019-09-27T13:19:07Z
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7375626A656374733D5A:5A30
7375626A656374733D48:4831
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
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7375626A656374733D48:4837:483737
7375626A656374733D48:4838
7375626A656374733D48:4838:483833
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/196/
Why Decentralization ? The Puzzle of causation
Sharma, Chanchal Kumar
Z0 - General
H1 - Structure and Scope of Government
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
H7 - State and Local Government ; Intergovernmental Relations
H77 - Intergovernmental Relations ; Federalism ; Secession
H8 - Miscellaneous Issues
H83 - Public Administration ; Public Sector Accounting and Audits
Most countries especially the developing ones around the world are facing external as well as internal pressures to decentralize and are actually becoming part of the trend which if not universal is nonetheless the dominant trend. General causes include systemic forces like democratization and economic development; specifc causes however are different for different countries. In some countries the policies of opening up of economy and policies devised to deal with the challenges posed by new ‘globalized’ world are interacting with domestic political and economic institutions in such a way so as to create incentives for decentralization. In addition there is external pressure coming from IMF and WB who implicitly and explicitly have declared
‘decentralization’ as their most favoured policy prescription especially for the developing world.
2004-05-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/196/1/MPRA_paper_196.pdf
Sharma, Chanchal Kumar (2004): Why Decentralization ? The Puzzle of causation. Published in: SYNTHESIS , Vol. Vol (3, No. NO (1) (December 2005): pp. 1-17.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:204
2019-09-27T15:15:08Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30
7375626A656374733D48:4830
7375626A656374733D48:4831
7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D48:4837
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483737
7375626A656374733D48:4838
7375626A656374733D48:4838:483833
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/204/
Decentralization Dilemma: Measuring the Degree and Evaluating the Outcomes
Sharma, Chanchal Kumar
Z0 - General
H0 - General
H1 - Structure and Scope of Government
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
H7 - State and Local Government ; Intergovernmental Relations
H77 - Intergovernmental Relations ; Federalism ; Secession
H8 - Miscellaneous Issues
H83 - Public Administration ; Public Sector Accounting and Audits
Though decentralization for past one and half decade or so has become the most favoured policy priority among the policy makers yet the countries around the world differ dramatically in the degree of decentralization that is accommodated. While diversity in degree of decentralization across the world is a fact yet there is no consensus in the empirical literature over the questions like ‘which country is more decentralized?’ This is because decentralization is defined and measured differently in different studies. In fact, a true assessment of the degree of decentralization in a country can be made only if a comprehensive approach is adopted and rather than trying to simplify the syndrome of characteristics into the single dimension of autonomy, interrelationships of various dimensions of decentralization are taken into account. Thus it is to be realized that there is no simple one dimensional, quantifiable index of degree of decentralization in a given country. As there is wide diversity in the studies on degree of decentralization so is the case with the literature on outcomes of it. Outcome varies not only because decentralization can appear in various forms and combinations across countries but also because different instruments may have very different effects in different ccircumstances. Thus arriving at the precise definition of decentralization and associating it with particular outcomes is neither possible nor desirable for the simple reason that generalization of any kind can create pitfalls that can obscure rather than clarify the facts. What is more important is the need for a strictly contextual yet comprehensive approach while going beyond the blunt measures like
expenditure decentralization and taking politics and institutional arrangements of the specific case under investigation also into account.
2004-07-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/204/1/MPRA_paper_204.pdf
Sharma, Chanchal Kumar (2004): Decentralization Dilemma: Measuring the Degree and Evaluating the Outcomes. Published in: Indian Journal of Political Science , Vol. Vol. (, No. No. (1) (March 2006): pp. 49-64.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:206
2019-09-28T21:18:16Z
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7375626A656374733D5A:5A30
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483239
7375626A656374733D48:4830
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/206/
Implementing VAT in India :Implications for Federal Polity
Sharma, Chanchal Kumar
Z0 - General
H29 - Other
H0 - General
Over the last few years, many attempts have been made to implement VAT in
India. Initially, all states were to move to VAT system by 2000, but
administrative problems and concern over the revenue implications of the
change delayed the scheduled implementation. It has been postponed for five
times in past five years. In fact, introduction of a full fledged VAT in India
seem to present numerous administrative and constitutional difficulties,
including the vexed question of union-state relations. In addition to this,
implementing VAT in India in context of economic reforms has paradoxical
dimensions. On one hand economic reforms have led to more decentralization
of expenditure responsibilities which in turn demands more decentralization
of revenue raising powers if fiscal accountability is to be maintained. But on
the other hand the process of implementation of VAT can lead not only to
revenue loss for the states but can also steal away the states’ autonomy
indicating more centralization. Thus the need is to develop such a ‘federal
friendly model’ of VAT (along with a suitable compensation package) that
can be implemented in India without compromising federal principles.
2004-06-25
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/206/1/MPRA_paper_206.pdf
Sharma, Chanchal Kumar (2004): Implementing VAT in India :Implications for Federal Polity. Published in: The Indian Journal of Political Science , Vol. Vol (L, No. No (4) (December 2005): pp. 915-934.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:257
2019-09-28T20:40:50Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/257/
Cyprus-EU Relations: Possible Scenarios For The Future
Ozturk, Ilhan
Sertoglu, Kamil
Kaptan, Ebru
Z10 - General
Cyprus Problem is being discussed from a different perspective since the
application of South Cyprus for full membership to the European Union.
Today the problem came to a turning point where the efforts for solving the
problem would end up at a point where the division of the island becomes
permanent. The study first evaluates the relations between Cyprus and the
Union. Then it examines the application of GCA to the EU, the reasons for
application, Turkish Cypriot’s response to the application and possible
future scenarios that are likely to take place. It is concluded that the
acceptance of Cyprus to the Union in its current state is a highly possible
scenario and this would lead to the permanent division of the island.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/257/1/MPRA_paper_257.pdf
Ozturk, Ilhan and Sertoglu, Kamil and Kaptan, Ebru (2006): Cyprus-EU Relations: Possible Scenarios For The Future. Published in: Pakistan Journal of Applied Sciences , Vol. Vol:2, No. No:2 (February 2002): pp. 237-244.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:393
2019-10-01T21:49:22Z
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7375626A656374733D48:4831:483131
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/393/
When Military Restrain the Rule: Philosophy and Indications
Ayub, Mehar
Ahsanuddin, Muhammad
H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
Z0 - General
It was concluded in the literature that military is merely a symptom of underlying political difficulties, a neutral force, which mechanically moves into the political area when a vacuum is created. Armed forces took control over the political management only in those economies where magnitude of military power was greater in relation with the size of economy: a higher defense expenditure to GDP ratio lead the control of political management by armed forces.
2001
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/393/1/MPRA_paper_393.pdf
Ayub, Mehar and Ahsanuddin, Muhammad (2001): When Military Restrain the Rule: Philosophy and Indications. Published in: Journal of Management and Social Sciences , Vol. 2, No. 1 (April 2006): pp. 49-54.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:403
2019-09-28T04:48:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D59:5934:593430
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503332
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/403/
Production Efficiency in Peasant Agriculture: An Application of LISREL Model
Mariam, Yohannes
Eisemon, Thomas
Coffin, Garth
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
O55 - Africa
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
P32 - Collectives ; Communes ; Agriculture
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
The study examined a simplified conceptual model which incorporates variables that influence the processes and consequences of household decision-making in the Ada and Selale districts of the Ethiopian highlands. Linear structural relations (LISREL) analysis was performed on three conceptual models.
The results of LISREL analysis indicate that the magnitude of contribution of factors to production efficiency in descending order as: skill variables (e.g., experience, secular education and production knowledge), consequences of access to resources or institutions (e.g., wealth), technologies adopted, physical factors (e.g., land and labour) and extension education. The impact of inputs on production efficiency was greater among farmers who have adopted one or two technologies (Ada) and two or more technologies (Selale). Successful adoption can be attained if, given appropriate socioeconomic environment, skills of producers are matched to the requirements of technologies, and when the choice of technologies are compatible with the goals of households, experience, region and enterprise specific comparative advantages.
1993-04-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/403/1/MPRA_paper_403.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes and Eisemon, Thomas and Coffin, Garth (1993): Production Efficiency in Peasant Agriculture: An Application of LISREL Model.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:404
2019-09-30T14:46:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3139
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3338
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/404/
Production Efficiency and Agricultural Technologies in the Ethiopian Agriculture
Mariam, Yohannes
Coffin, Garth
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
O38 - Government Policy
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
Stochastic frontier production function analysis was performed to examine relative crop and milk production efficiency among peasants in Ada and Selale districts of the Central highlands of Ethiopia. The results indicate that Ada farmers exhibit relatively higher efficiency scores in cereal production compared to Selale producers. Farmers who adopted cross-bred cows attained higher efficiency scores than farmers who did not adopted. Production efficiency scores are higher in enterprises that enjoys experience and location specific comparative advantages.
The magnitude of the impacts of knowledge-related variables (i.e., production knowledge and schooling) on production efficiency are higher relative to other variables. Adoption of one or two innovations show a consistently large, positive and significant effect on all measures of production efficiency in the Selale region. Higher production efficiency is attained in Ada region if producers adopt two or more technologies. Development strategies should examine the mixes of production technologies that may contribute to increases in agricultural production compared to the conventional package approach.
1993-04-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/404/1/MPRA_paper_404.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes and Coffin, Garth (1993): Production Efficiency and Agricultural Technologies in the Ethiopian Agriculture.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:405
2019-09-26T08:29:42Z
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7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513136
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/405/
Crop and Milk Production Structure of Smallholders in Ethiopia
Mariam, Yohannes
Coffin, Garth
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
O55 - Africa
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Radical changes took place with respect to several agricultural policies in Ethiopia in 1990-91. Different agricultural technologies were being delivered by several international agencies. Shifts in government policies and technological intervention would induce changes in the production structure of peasants that make-up 85% of the country's population.
To examine changes in crop and livestock production, statistical analysis of production structure is carried out for major crops grown and milk produced by farmers who have adopted cross-bred cows (test) and those who have not adopted (Control) in the Selale and Ada districts in Ethiopia. Analysis of changes in production structure indicate that the increases in production were greater among test compared with control farmers in both study sites.
Physical factors such as land, labour, oxen and seeding rate exert positive and significant impacts on the amount of crop produced. However, the impact of non-physical resources such as indigenous production knowledge is not only greater than most physical resources or inputs but also indicates that it is location-specific. That is, the impact of production knowledge is larger on the amount of grain produced by farmers living in regions with greater comparative advantage for grain production (Ada).
Physical factors such as grazing area and concentrates and number of cows exert significant impacts on the amount of milk produced in the region with greater potential for livestock production (Selale). Differences in the resource base, enterprise-specific experience and the availability of preconditions (infrastructure) influence the impact of inputs on the level of outputs. Livestock production knowledge exert greater influence on the amount of milk produced per cow in the Selale than in the Ada region.
The impact of most farm inputs is greater when farmers adopt fertilizer and pesticides (Ada) or fertilizer and cross-bred cows (Selale). Thus, package approach to technological intervention may not necessarily contribute to sustainable increases in food production. Instead, introduction of selective mixes of production technologies compatible with comparative advantages of regions and experience of peasants may prove useful strategy in attaining food self-sufficiency in LDCs.
1993-04-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/405/1/MPRA_paper_405.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes and Coffin, Garth (1993): Crop and Milk Production Structure of Smallholders in Ethiopia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:406
2019-09-26T15:00:48Z
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7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3333
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/406/
Production efficiency in Peasant Agriculture: The Case of Mixed Farming System in the Ethiopian Highlands
Mariam, Yohannes
Coffin, Garth
Eisemon, Thomas
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
O55 - Africa
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
O38 - Government Policy
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
An aggregate measure of production efficiency involving crop and livestock enterprises is examined in the Selale and Ada regions of Ethiopia using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In general, farmers in regions more suitable to crop production (Ada) tend to attain higher production efficiency compared to farmers in regions suitable to livestock production (Selale).
This implies that Ada farmers produce agricultural outputs with a minimal outlay of inputs. DEA results also reveal that farmers who adopted cross-bred cows (refrred as test farmers) are more efficient than those who have not adopted ( referred as control farmers) in both study sites. Analysis of the contribution of socioeconomic variables to measures of production efficiency indicated that the magnitude of knowledge-related variables (i.e. production knowledge and schooling) are relatively higher compared to physical or other non-physical variables. This finding implies that sustainable increases in production efficiency and attainment of food self-sufficiency could be attained if development strategies design methods of incorporating indigenous production knowledge of peasants in the planning process.
1993-04-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/406/1/MPRA_paper_406.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes and Coffin, Garth and Eisemon, Thomas (1993): Production efficiency in Peasant Agriculture: The Case of Mixed Farming System in the Ethiopian Highlands.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:407
2019-09-28T05:27:55Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
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7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443833
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7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/407/
Goals and Strategies of Peasants in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Mariam, Yohannes
Galaty, John
Coffin, Garth
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
Multidisciplinary research methods such as observatory, participatory and multivariate regression analysis were employed to examine goals and strategies of two peasant communities in the Central highlands of Ethiopia. Continuing the family tradition of participating in social networks is found to be a universal normative goal of most study farmers. Securing subsistence food requirements and goals that may be used to characterise higher level of standard of living were ranked next to the normative goal. Five major goals were examined in relation to the normative goal. Furthermore, strategies identified by households were grouped into opportunistic, risk-minimization and long-range planning.
Statistical analysis of relationship between the five goals and strategies indicate that i) most strategies are relatively important in attaining goals selected for statistical analysis, ii) strategies which are proven to be useful from prior experience of other producers prior to this study tend to have a stronger relationship with the current goals of decision-makers (e.g. pesticides and fertilizer ), iii) the ranking of goals and strategies recognize region, enterprise and experience-specific comparative advantages of peasants, and iv) producers rank strategies hierarchically and goals ranked high in the hierarchy are valued high on subsequent goals (e.g. securing subsistence on livestock husbandry). Development projects could successfully increase the attainment of securing food self-sufficiency if they properly identify comparative advantages of farmers and regions, and examine the compatibility of intervention strategies with the goals and strategies of peasants.
1993-04-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/407/1/MPRA_paper_407.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes and Galaty, John and Coffin, Garth (1993): Goals and Strategies of Peasants in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:408
2019-09-26T09:23:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
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7375626A656374733D51:5131:513132
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/408/
Agricultural Information and Indigenous Knowledge in Peasant Economy
Mariam, Yohannes
Galaty, John
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
Agricultural information and indigenous knowledge were examined among peasants of the central Ethiopian highlands. Measures of central tendency, logical explanation, descriptive analysis, problem solving tests, scoring and logit analysis were performed.
The findings indicate that information from extension agents tends to favour peasant associations or farmers that are closer to cities, service cooperatives, politicians and extension agents. Despite variations in the sources and access to information, the extent to which information is subjected to conscious processing determines its value to decision-makers. Furthermore, the value of information is greatly influenced by indigenous knowledge or social experience and schooling.
Farmers who are beneficiaries of projects and friends with politicians received higher scores on production problems compared to the control group. Production knowledge is found to be locale-specific and varies by age. Production knowledge is greatly influenced by experience, index of awareness, proximity to infrastructural facilities and sources of information. The findings also indicate that education enables households to relate production problems to experience and outside information. Development strategies could facilitate the attainment of food self-sufficiency if the contents and delivery mechanisms of agricultural information are equitable, and indigenous production knowledge of peasants is integrated with secular and extension education.
1993-04-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/408/1/MPRA_paper_408.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes and Galaty, John (1993): Agricultural Information and Indigenous Knowledge in Peasant Economy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:409
2019-10-02T16:43:25Z
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7375626A656374733D51:5131:513138
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
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74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/409/
The Contribution of Non-Physical Resources and Strategic Household Decision-making to Environmental and Policy Risks
Mariam, Yohannes
Galaty, John
Coffin, Garth
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
Z12 - Religion
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
O55 - Africa
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
Physical resources such as land, labour and livestock, and nonphysical resources such as indigenous knowledge and institutions of producers in the grain surplus and deficit regions of the Central Highlands of Ethiopia are examined under situation of environmental and policy risks. Frequency distribution and comparative statistical analysis of the grain-surplus regions suggest that in situations where all producers are subjected to a common source of risk (e.g. rainfall): I) institutional resources become less effective, and ii) combination of land, labour, knowledge and other complementary resources form the basis for adjustment mechanisms and sequential or strategic decisions. On the other hand, when essential resources such as land are government owned and household decisions are shared by the state, local institutions or social networks become an effective means to maintain reproduction of the farm and producers through providing access to or sharing of resources.
In the extreme case of environmental degradation (e.g., drought), farmers follow sequential decision-making. This sequence of decision-making begins with minimization of expenditure, selling of resources that are intended to stabilize farm income, selling of resources essential to farming and depletion of household items, and finally evacuation. The ability of such farming system to regenerate, however, greatly depends not only on the availability of physical resources but most importantly by the potential of knowledge and institutions of producers to adjust to environmental changes, and support from governmental or non-governmental sources.
1993-12-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/409/1/MPRA_paper_409.pdf
Mariam, Yohannes and Galaty, John and Coffin, Garth (1993): The Contribution of Non-Physical Resources and Strategic Household Decision-making to Environmental and Policy Risks.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:492
2019-09-27T03:41:09Z
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7375626A656374733D49:4931:493138
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/492/
Die endlose Tuerkei-Debatte
Tausch, Arno
Z12 - Religion
H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
F15 - Economic Integration
I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy
The article shows that reservations in Europe against Turkey's future membership are really groundless. A Muslim nation already was a member of the EU: Algeria. When Algeria was still a colony, it joined the EU (then: European Economic Community) on January 1st 1958 as a French "Departement", and it remained so until its independence in 1962. The now famous Copenhagen criteria obviously did not apply at that time: 400.000 French troops fought a colonial war against the local population. Are Muslims in the European Union only welcome as a colonized people? The dossier presented brings up to date earlier materials published on the subject by the same author. There are new sections on the situation of women at the time of the beginning of the negotiation process for each of the 25 EU members based on United States Department of State materials, as well as time series comparisons of gender politicies in the EU 25, and in the candidate countries Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey. Of course, the tasks ahead are still very large, including in the field of gender policies, but Turkey should in no way be excluded from the start of membership negotiations.
2004
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/492/1/MPRA_paper_492.pdf
Tausch, Arno (2004): Die endlose Tuerkei-Debatte. Published in: Studien von Zeitfragen, Frankfurt, ISSN-1619-8417 , Vol. 4, No. 38 (2004): pp. 1-183.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:493
2019-09-30T12:51:21Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/493/
Afterword: Europe and the political geography of global confrontation. A world system perspective on Behind the War on Terror (N. Mosaddeq Ahmed)
Tausch, Arno
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
Z12 - Religion
F59 - Other
F15 - Economic Integration
F5 - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy
Behind the War on Terror: Western Secret Strategy and the Struggle for Iraq by: Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed Manufacturer: Clairview Books Release Date: 23 June, 2003 Media: Paperback Sales Rank: 3,781 This afterword to this brilliant book starts from the assumption that both Europe and the Arab world are facing the same tendency of a basic and underlying shift in global economic activity away from the West of the Euro/Asian/African landmass towards the countries of the Pacific, and that the United States Government’s main interest today is in preserving and intensifying the US Government global hegemony after the end of the Cold War, and to maximize access to global wealth and energy resources in a world that looks more and more like the late 19th Century. The conditions of this political economy of the 21st Century were spelled out by the world system theory school of thought in the social sciences, pioneered by such scholars as Samir Amin, Giovanni Arrighi, Volker Bornschier, Christopher K. Chase-Dunn, Andre Gunder Frank, and Immanuel Wallerstein (Professor Wallerstein’s work is actually referred to in the book). Chances to arrive at an alternative world order – one that is based on strengthened United Nations, on global cooperation, and global civilizational dialogue, were lost in the decade after the end of the Cold War. The positioning in the global power game, and nothing else, was the reason for this Iraq war, and forget all about the fight against “WMD” (weapons of mass destruction) and all the other “holy” principles. Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed is to be specially praised for his well-balanced conclusions and analysis of the foreign policies of Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, based on dissenting, but very senior and well-informed Israeli sources. Yes to Medinat Israel – the secular State of Israel in the framework of the encompassing peace process (Medinat Israel being the Hebrew usage by Israeli politicians from David Ben Gurion to Yitzhak Rabin, referring to a democratic, secular Jewish state), but political disagreement with a concept of an Eretz Israel, in Likud usage also a Hebrew word for “State of Israel”, but referring to the biblical concept of a much larger and non-secular entity. America’s long term agenda under Bush, the argument runs, is not just interested in establishing its vision in the Near East (something that the present book brilliantly shows), but in the end is interested in blocking European peaceful ascent to global leadership – as envisioned by the European Union’s Lisbon agenda until 2000 – at the same time. As it is well-known, at the Lisbon European Council (March 2000), the European Union set itself a new strategic goal for the next decade: to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world, capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion. The rift between Europe and America – especially between France, Germany and Russia on the one hand and the US on the other hand, has a very basic political economic background – the growing hegemonic rivalry between the world’s leading capitalist blocs, that characterize world capitalism since 1450. An EU comprising up to 40 nations of the third and fourth enlargement wave indeed would be a major change in the structure of the international system and could be driven by America’s power play, but also by its own internal deficient dynamics, characterized by low innovation and high government spending, into such a position. A large, wider Europe, driven into hegemonic rivalry by the present hyperpower play by the United States - is a somber scenario, it enjoys a high kind of probability, and it has dire world political consequences.
2003
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/493/1/MPRA_paper_493.pdf
Tausch, Arno (2003): Afterword: Europe and the political geography of global confrontation. A world system perspective on Behind the War on Terror (N. Mosaddeq Ahmed). Published in: Studien von Zeitfragen, Frankfurt (ISSN-1619-8417) , Vol. 3, No. 37 (2003): pp. 1-52.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:542
2019-09-27T04:59:43Z
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7375626A656374733D59:5938
7375626A656374733D47:4730
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/542/
The Political Economy of Global Outsourcing
Sharma, Chanchal Kumar
Y8 - Related Disciplines
G0 - General
Z0 - General
What is outsourcing and why India is being considered as BPO destination of the world? Why jobs are coming to India and why there is a downturn in the US economy and loss of jobs in that country. Even though these are two different things that happened simultaneously, they sadly managed to be mixed up. Academicians are groping to understand the phenomenon and are still in the process of disentangling themselves from the wave of confusion that exists. Politicization of the issue has made the concept of outsourcing a highly debatable, perplexing and controversial. The debate has conceptual, moral, economic, political and policy dimensions. The debate centers on the theoretical issue of globalization verses protectionism. In addition, it has a moral and human dimension that compels one to ponder over the hopeless uncertainty and misery that has dawned upon of those displaced due to outsourcing in the developed countries. Apart from these, there are certain practical policy issues that have become part of the debate such as theft of crucial information by the offshore workers, threat to the safety of Intellectual Property and the concern over the quality of services being delivered by the BPO companies in India and other developing countries. Finally the political dimension of this contentious issue that has forced the federal government of USA to make a law against outsourcing of the government contracts cannot be ignored. A fall out of Globalization, outsourcing is being discussed around the world from a renewed perspective, sometimes with delight and at other times with fury, depending upon which side of outsourcing the person is supporting. Taking exception from the subjective and partial treatment as the supporters and opponents of the phenomenon around the globe are offering, like six blind men trying to expound the outlines of an elephant the paper deals with the theme in its totality, while avoiding the prejudiced approach of a religious enthusiast. To the supporters the problem of job loss is not very serious thus they oppose protectionist attitude of the U.S government. But the fact is that the problem of job loss is quite critical yet pursuing protectionism as stipulated by the opponents is not a solution. Supporters have relied upon the traditional ‘job replacement argument’ to dissipate the fears regarding job loss. But it has been argued that the problem of job loss is serious and no replacements are going to take place in near future to substitute the quantum of jobs being lost. Thus unemployment, intended or unintended, will be the consequence. But protectionism, far from solving the problem, will create the new ones. Paper suggests certain alternatives on the basis of the model of job-protection exemplified by the British government.
2004-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/542/1/MPRA_paper_542.pdf
Sharma, Chanchal Kumar (2004): The Political Economy of Global Outsourcing. Published in: South Asian Journal of Socio-political studies (SAJOSPS) , Vol. Vol:5, No. No: 2 (June 2005): pp. 76-82.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:635
2019-10-28T18:16:21Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:662
2019-09-30T23:12:05Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/662/
The Limits to Common Resource Management: The Bypassed Commons or Commons without Tragedy
Kebede, Yohannes
C44 - Operations Research ; Statistical Decision Theory
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
D23 - Organizational Behavior ; Transaction Costs ; Property Rights
D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness
D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
O55 - Africa
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data ; Data Access
Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services
D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information ; Mechanism Design
Land, labor, indigenous knowledge and institutional resources of producers in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia are investigated. Frequency distribution and comparative statistical analysis of the two regions with respect to these and other parameters suggest that in a situation where all producers are subjected to a common source of risk (e.g. rainfall): i) the institutional resources become less effective, and ii) combination of land, labor, knowledge and other complementary resources form the basis for adjustment mechanisms, sequential or strategic decisions, and that these decisions are directed towards maintaining the nuclear family. On the other hand, when essential resources such as land are government owned and household decisions are shared by the state, local institutions or social networks become an effective means to maintain reproduction of the farm and the producer through providing access to or sharing of resources.
1993
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/662/1/MPRA_paper_662.pdf
Kebede, Yohannes (1993): The Limits to Common Resource Management: The Bypassed Commons or Commons without Tragedy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:796
2019-09-29T01:27:11Z
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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/796/
Le determinanti del capitale sociale in Italia, 1993-2000: una analisi esplorativa
Fiorillo, Damiano
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
This paper studies the accumulation of social capital in Italy in the light of Durlauf’s (2002) econometric approach. Social interactions are taken as a robust definition of social capital. The following empirical proxies are used: active and passive participation in various kinds of organisations and frequency of contact with friends. In order to merge information from different datasets, such as ISTAT’s (Italian Central Statistical Office) Multiscopo survey and Bank of Italy’s SHIW (Household Surveys of Income and Wealth), a statistical matching methodology is implemented to build pseudo panel data. The main results can be summed up as follows. Firstly, unlike in previous works for the US (Alesina and La Ferrara, 1999; Costa and Khan, 2001), income inequality is found not to matter for the accumulation of social capital. Secondly, participation turns out to be a “normal good”, like in Alesina and La Ferrara (1999), as active and passive participation is positively related to median regional household income. Finally, some potential instrumental variables correlated with social capital accumulation and uncorrelated with household income are found, possibly providing means to deal with Durlauf’s econometric identification problem.
2005-05-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/796/1/MPRA_paper_796.pdf
Fiorillo, Damiano (2005): Le determinanti del capitale sociale in Italia, 1993-2000: una analisi esplorativa.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:962
2019-10-02T18:35:37Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/962/
Deus Economicus
Oslington, Paul
Z12 - Religion
In recent years there has been an upsurge of interest in religion among economists, but the content of religion has so far been neglected . This paper builds a rational choice model of divine action, in particular of the structure of the divine offer of salvation and rational human response. It considers why God might not save everyone, the pattern of salvation across individuals with different preferences and endowments, and the way religious conversion and revivals are often large and sudden changes. Rational choice analysis to divine human interactions is a contribution to the renewal interdisciplinary conversation between economists and religion scholars.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/962/1/MPRA_paper_962.pdf
Oslington, Paul (2005): Deus Economicus.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:977
2019-09-26T08:22:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3337
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453236
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3537
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/977/
Are Non-state Actors Better Innovators? The Ambiguous Role of Non-state Actors in the Transition Process: The Case of Benin and Madagascar
Kohnert, Dirk
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
N37 - Africa ; Oceania
E26 - Informal Economy ; Underground Economy
O55 - Africa
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
The focusing on new rules and institutional innovations by the international donor community corresponds to current academic analyses on “weak” or “failing states” in Africa and elsewhere. However, the concentration on externally induced institutional innovations and on the formal sector of the society tackles only half of the problem. Frequently it even undermines indigenous development capacities. Innovators in the informal sector and the agency of the civil society, embedded in the local socio-cultural setting, but closely linked to transnational social spaces, do often outperform the state's development efforts and international aid. African culture is not inherently good or bad, but under certain conditions its propensity to change and to influence perceptions of power and values can induce important improvements in well-being. Even seemingly static cultural factors as custom, tradition or ethnicity, often said to be barriers to economic growth in Africa, have been invented or adapted to changing requirements of societies. Rather than blaming the failure of development efforts in Africa over the past decades on cultural barriers or traditional minded actors, we should investigate the propensity of African societies to create indigenous innovations, notably within the realm of the informal sector.
2004-06-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/977/1/MPRA_paper_977.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (2004): Are Non-state Actors Better Innovators? The Ambiguous Role of Non-state Actors in the Transition Process: The Case of Benin and Madagascar.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:978
2019-09-27T12:08:07Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463335
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D4C:4C33:4C3331
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/978/
Togo: a didactic drama of misled democratisation in Africa
Kohnert, Dirk
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
F35 - Foreign Aid
O55 - Africa
L31 - Nonprofit Institutions ; NGOs ; Social Entrepreneurship
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
When the longest-serving African dictator, Togo's Gnassingbé Eyadéma, died unexpectedly in February 2005 after 38 years of autocratic rule, Togo became a test case for indigenous democratisation efforts of African states. However, it soon became clear that a change of regime through the ballot box was impossible, in view of the consolidation of this dictatorship through decades of ill-applied foreign assistance. Political conflict flared up again. Eyadémas son, Faure Gnassingbé, sized power in a coup with the backing of the army and the Barons of the ruling party. Violent protest at home and diplomatic pressure of major donors and African peers forced Gnassingbé to hold presidential elections in April. But as the elections were rigged right from the beginning, it was no surprise that they confirmed the power of the incumbent as heir to the throne of his father. In the interest of political stability in the sub-region, neighbouring states, France and the ECOWAS condoned the election results and the brutal political persecution of opponents. About 700 people died and some 40,000 fled to neighbouring Benin and Ghana in fear of reprisals. Only if the international giver community is ready to take and learn from its errors responsibility for it, a democratic Transition can still succeed. This requires first of all a "durable" mandate of the EU or the United Nations, i.e. substantial security, organizational and financial intervention for the support of the democratic forces of Togo at the time of the execution of fair and free elections. Afterwards a long-term reconstruction assistance is indispensable.
2005-06-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/978/1/MPRA_paper_978.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (2005): Togo: a didactic drama of misled democratisation in Africa. Published in: Afrika im Blickpunkt (AIB) No. Nr. 1, 2005 (1 June 2005): pp. 1-11.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:982
2019-10-29T17:28:22Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:983
2020-03-05T23:41:54Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1045
2019-09-29T23:25:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D4E:4E30:4E3031
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423532
7375626A656374733D4E:4E30
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1045/
The Roadblock of Culturalist Economics: Economic Change á la Douglass North
Khalil, Elias
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods
B52 - Institutional ; Evolutionary
N0 - General
B40 - General
In his 2005 book, Understanding the Process of Economic Change, North offers a rough account of economic change that can be called “culturalist economics.” In his account, he attributes the change of well being of individuals to, besides technology and demographics, cultural heritage or cultural beliefs. Using this basis, he then attributes "the mystery of the unique evolution of western Europe" to a causative view that combines "Christian dogma" and English "individualism." This combinatory belief assures property rights, and hence explains the success of Western Europe and the US and the failure of Islam and Latin America in terms of their respective economic development. But North’s culturalist economics faces a roadblock: it does not explain the origin of beliefs, and it neglects the role of rational choice in manufacturing beliefs. Specifically, it ignores the roles of agency, revolutionary change, and the dynamics of empire.
2006-12-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1045/1/MPRA_paper_1045.pdf
Khalil, Elias (2006): The Roadblock of Culturalist Economics: Economic Change á la Douglass North.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1328
2019-09-27T10:09:51Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1328/
Capitale Sociale: Uno o Molti? Pochi.
Fiorillo, Damiano
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
This paper offers an overview of the main literature on social capital in the light of Paldam’s (2000) “social capital dream”. Its main contributions can be summed as follows. Firstly, It develops an encompassing definition of social capital built on social interactions, social norms and trust. Secondly, it argues that social capital affects economic outcomes as a productive input or through TFP, and/or through transaction costs. Thirdly, it surveys some commonly used empirical proxies and discusses their determinants.
2005-05-19
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1328/1/MPRA_paper_1328.pdf
Fiorillo, Damiano (2005): Capitale Sociale: Uno o Molti? Pochi.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1331
2019-10-07T12:41:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1331/
Nominations for sale
Console Battilana, Silvia
Shepsle, Kenneth
Z19 - Other
Models of nomination politics in the US often find "gridlock" in equilibrium because of the super-majority requirement in the Senate for the confirmation of presidential nominees. A blocking coalition often prefers to defeat any nominee. Yet empirically nominations are successful. In the present paper we explore the possibility that senators can be induced to vote contrary to their nominal (gridlock-producing) preferences through contributions from the president and/or lobbyists, thus breaking the gridlock and confirming the nominee. We model contributions by the president and lobbyists according to whether payment schedules are conditioned on the entire voting profile, the vote of a senator, or the outcome. We analyze several extensions to our baseline approach, including the possibility that lobbyists may find it more productive to offer inducements to the president in order to affect his proposal behavior, rather than trying to induce senators to vote for or against a given nominee.
2006-10-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1331/1/MPRA_paper_1331.pdf
Console Battilana, Silvia and Shepsle, Kenneth (2006): Nominations for sale.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1484
2019-09-29T05:06:09Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30:5A3030
7375626A656374733D42:4235:423532
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423431
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1484/
Evolutionary Economics and Moral Relativism - Some Thoughts
Binder, Martin
Z00 - General
B52 - Institutional ; Evolutionary
B41 - Economic Methodology
Doubts about the decidability of moral questions have often been used as an excuse for
economists to eschew any normative propositions. Evolutionary economics, still lacking a
well-developed normative branch, gives rise to a form of descriptive moral relativism. This
paper wants to explore the consequences of adopting a form of meta-ethical and normative
moral relativism as well. It develops a normative position called ‘naturalistic relativism’, which is a naturalistically reconstructed neo-pragmatist form of relativism. The paper also gives an argument why this position seems to be the adequate normative correlate for evolutionary economics.
2006-08-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1484/1/MPRA_paper_1484.pdf
Binder, Martin (2006): Evolutionary Economics and Moral Relativism - Some Thoughts.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1625
2019-09-29T19:34:17Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D59:5934:593430
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
7375626A656374733D42:4234:423439
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1625/
Rethinking the Culture - Economy Dialectic
Brons, Lajos
Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Z10 - General
B49 - Other
The culture - economy dialectic (CED), the opposition of the concepts and phenomena of culture and economy, is one of the most important notions in the modern history of ideas. Both the disciplinary boundaries and much theoretical thought in social science are strongly influenced or even determined by the CED. Hence, a thorough analysis and evaluation of the CED might be useful to better understand the history of ideas in social science and the currently fashionable research on the cultural influences on economic differences between countries and regions.
This book, my PhD thesis, attempts to do just that. The concepts of "culture" and "economy" (and related concepts) and the (assumed) relationships therebetween are compared and analysed. Empirical results from earlier studies are summarised and some new test are presented. These new tests are partly based on a measurement of Dutch regional culture. However, it appeared that most theories of the CED are (nearly) impossible to (empirically) verify. There seems to be some influence of wealth on specific cultural phenomena (such individualism and post-materialism), but the often assumed influence of culture on entrepreneurship and economic growth remains unconfirmed. Moreover, from an analysis of the theories themselves, it appears that most of these cannot be falsified and are, therefore, hardly 'scientific'.
Many of the theories of the CED and, in fact, many theories of social science in general are of a conceptual rather than a causal nature. These theories cannot easily be falsified by empirical means alone, but must be studied by means of conceptual analysis. In the final conclusions, this book, therefore, argues for conceptual analysis in, and a more anarchist approach to, social science.
2005-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1625/1/MPRA_paper_1625.pdf
Brons, Lajos (2005): Rethinking the Culture - Economy Dialectic. Published in: (June 2005)
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1648
2019-09-27T13:34:43Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443733
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D48:4832:483236
7375626A656374733D44:4433:443330
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423134
7375626A656374733D45:4536:453634
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503230
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4B:4B34:4B3432
7375626A656374733D50:5032:503236
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483430
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1648/
Price adjustment under the table: Evidence on efficiency-enhancing corruption
Levy, Daniel
D73 - Bureaucracy ; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations ; Corruption
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
H26 - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
D30 - General
B14 - Socialist ; Marxist
E64 - Incomes Policy ; Price Policy
P20 - General
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
P26 - Political Economy ; Property Rights
H40 - General
Based on first-hand account, this paper offers evidence on price setting and price adjustment mechanisms that were illegally employed under the Soviet planning and rationing regime. The evidence is anecdotal, and is based on personal experience during the years 1960–1971 in the Republic of Georgia. The description of the social organization of the black markets and other illegal economic activities that I offer depicts the creative and sophisticated ways that were used to confront the shortages created by the inefficient centrally-planned command economic price system with its distorted relative prices. The evidence offers a glimpse of quite explicit micro-level evidence on various types of behavior and corruption that were common in Georgia. Rent-seeking behavior, however, led to emergence of remarkably well-functioning and efficiency enhancing black markets. The evidence, thus, underscores once again the role of incentives in a rent-seeking society.
2007-01-16
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1648/1/MPRA_paper_1648.pdf
Levy, Daniel (2007): Price adjustment under the table: Evidence on efficiency-enhancing corruption.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1790
2019-10-03T15:54:41Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D4E:4E39
7375626A656374733D4E:4E39:4E3936
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1790/
Las circunstancias de un tecnócrata. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo y el fin del Ayuntamiento capitalino
víctor, cuchí espada
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
N9 - Regional and Urban History
N96 - Latin America ; Caribbean
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
This is the story of Miguel Angel de Quevedo, who pursued a career as an architect and an electric engineer before beeing elected as Mexico City alderman. This essay purporst to examine what might have been the begining of technocracy in late-nineteenth century Mexico.
1998
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1790/1/MPRA_paper_1790.pdf
víctor, cuchí espada (1998): Las circunstancias de un tecnócrata. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo y el fin del Ayuntamiento capitalino. Published in: Historia colectiva de México (2005): pp. 1-20.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1835
2022-02-15T22:35:37Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:1947
2019-09-28T16:48:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493332
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443835
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1947/
Social Network Capital, Economic Mobility and Poverty Traps
Chantarat, Sommarat
Barrett, Christopher B.
I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
The paper explores the role social network capital might play in facilitating poor agents’ escape from poverty traps. We model endogenous network formation among households heterogeneously endowed with both traditional and social network capital who make investment and technology choices over time in the absence of financial markets and faced with multiple production technologies featuring different fixed costs and returns. We show that social network capital can serve as either a complement to or a substitute for productive assets in facilitating some poor households’ escape from poverty. However, the voluntary nature of costly social network formation also creates both involuntary and voluntary exclusionary mechanisms that impede some poor households’ efforts to exit poverty. The ameliorative potential of social networks therefore depends fundamentally on the underlying wealth distribution in the economy. In some settings, targeted public transfers to the poor can crowd-in private resources by inducing new social links that the poor can exploit to escape from poverty.
2007-02-14
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1947/1/MPRA_paper_1947.pdf
Chantarat, Sommarat and Barrett, Christopher B. (2007): Social Network Capital, Economic Mobility and Poverty Traps.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2037
2019-09-29T02:05:39Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2037/
When in Rome, do as the Romans do: the coevolution of altruistic punishment, conformist learning, and cooperation
Guzmán, Ricardo Andrés
Rodríguez-Sickert, Carlos
Rowthorn, Robert
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
H41 - Public Goods
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
We model the coevolution of behavioral strategies and social learning rules in the context of a cooperative dilemma, a situation in which individuals must decide whether or not to subordinate their own interests to those of the group. There are two learning rules in our model, conformism and payoff-dependent imitation, which evolve by natural selection, and three behavioral strategies, cooperate, defect, and cooperate plus punish defectors, which evolve under the influence of the prevailing learning rules. Group and individual level selective pressures drive evolution.
We also simulate our model for conditions that approximate those in which early hominids lived. We find that conformism can evolve when the only problem that individuals face is a cooperative dilemma, in which prosocial behavior is always costly to the individual. Furthermore, the presence of conformists dramatically increases the group size for which cooperation can be sustained. The results of our model are robust: they hold even when migration rates are high, and when conflict among groups is infrequent.
2006-04-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2037/1/MPRA_paper_2037.pdf
Guzmán, Ricardo Andrés and Rodríguez-Sickert, Carlos and Rowthorn, Robert (2006): When in Rome, do as the Romans do: the coevolution of altruistic punishment, conformist learning, and cooperation. Published in: Evolution and Human Behavior , Vol. 28, No. 2 (March 2007): pp. 112-117.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2365
2019-09-26T22:18:33Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2365/
Social capital, social enterprises, public spending and well-being in Italy
Fabio, Sabatini
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Questo articolo descrive i risultati di una prima analisi esplorativa sulla relazione tra capitale sociale, imprese sociali e qualità dello sviluppo economico in Italia. Il capitale sociale viene rilevato nei suoi aspetti “strutturali”, identificati con le reti di relazioni interpersonali e con la presenza di imprese sociali sul territorio. I dati sono tratti dalle indagini multiscopo condotte dall’Istat su un campione di circa ventimila famiglie tra il 1998 e il 2002 e dall'ultimo rapporto dell'Istat sulle cooperative sociali. Lo sviluppo è misurato da un insieme complesso di variabili che comprende l’indice di sviluppo umano e indicatori che misurano l’efficienza dei servizi pubblici in alcuni settori critici dal punto di vista del benessere sociale, il rispetto delle pari opportunità, la rilevanza del precariato nel mercato del lavoro e lo stato di salute degli ecosistemi urbani. La struttura delle correlazioni tra le variabili è analizzata mediante una serie di analisi in componenti principali di tipo esplorativo. L’evidenza empirica mostra che in Italia la qualità dello sviluppo è significativamente e positivamente correlata con la presenza di reti di relazioni informali, di organizzazioni volontarie e di imprese sociali, mentre la correlazione con le reti di legami forti tra familiari è significativamente negativa. La partecipazione politica attiva sembra irrilevante, sia dal punto di vista del benessere sociale sia riguardo l’ammontare della spesa pubblica regionale nei settori considerati.
2007-03-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2365/1/MPRA_paper_2365.pdf
Fabio, Sabatini (2007): Social capital, social enterprises, public spending and well-being in Italy. Forthcoming in: Impresa Sociale, No. Numero monografico su "Fiducia, capitale sociale e beni relazionali"
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2366
2019-09-26T17:21:36Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2366/
The empirics of social capital and economic development: a critical perspective
Fabio, Sabatini
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Z19 - Other
This paper provides an introduction to the concept of social capital, and carries out a critical review of the empirical literature on social capital and economic development. The survey points out six main weaknesses affecting the empirics of social capital. Identified weaknesses are then used to analyze, in a critical perspective, some prominent empirical studies and new interesting researches published in last two years. The need emerges to acknowledge, also within the empirical research, the multidimensional, context-dependent and dynamic nature of social capital. The survey also underlines that, although it has gained a certain popularity in the empirical research, the use of “indirect” indicators may be misleading. Such measures do not represent social capital’s key components identified by the theoretical literature, and their use causes a considerable confusion about what social capital is, as distinct from its outcomes, and what the relationship between social capital and its outcomes may be. Research reliant upon an outcome of social capital as an indicator of it will necessarily find social capital to be related to that outcome. This paper suggests to focus the empirical research firstly on the “structural” aspects of the concept, therefore excluding by the measurement toolbox all indicators referring to social capital’s supposed outcomes.
2005-11
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2366/1/MPRA_paper_2366.pdf
Fabio, Sabatini (2005): The empirics of social capital and economic development: a critical perspective. Forthcoming in: Osborne, M., Sankey, K. and B. Wilson (eds), Researching Social Capital, Lifelong Learning Regions and the Management of Place: an international perspective. London and New York, Routledge : pp. 155-193.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2451
2019-09-27T06:43:10Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493231
7375626A656374733D4D:4D31:4D3133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3234
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3233
7375626A656374733D49:4932
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2451/
Education, social capital and entrepreneurial selection in Italy
Ferrante, Francesco
Sabatini, Fabio
I21 - Analysis of Education
M13 - New Firms ; Startups
J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity
J23 - Labor Demand
I2 - Education and Research Institutions
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
There is wide consensus that entrepreneurial talent is the ability to discover and exploit market opportunities by taking the relevant risky decisions. Discovery and exploitation are separate but interlinked features of entrepreneurship requiring, in different proportions, the exploitation of innate and acquired skills. Institutions and technology, by determining the nature of the discovery and exploitation process and the need for such skills, play an essential role in shaping the nature of entrepreneurial talent and the specific role of education in entrepreneurial selection and performance. Empirical studies on entrepreneurship do not offer a neat picture of the actual contribution of education to entrepreneurial human capital or entrepreneurial talent. This unsatisfactory outcome is not surprising and is due to an inadequate assessment of the context-dependent factors shaping the latter. Building on these premises, the aim of our research work is to carry out a in depth analysis of the determinants of entrepreneurship in Italy, thus accounting for the role that variables like the educational qualification, the family background, and social capital play in determining the entrepreneurial selection.
This paper attempts to constitute a first step for the improvement of our understanding by means of a preliminary, exploratory, analysis on the Italian data and a series of probit analyses aimed at identifying the main determinants founding the entrepreneurial choice. Rough data are taken from an original dataset built by the authors partly drawing on the Survey of Household Income and Wealth (SHIW) carried out by the Bank of Italy. The latter has been integrated with a wide variety of environmental variables drawn from different data sources describing the social and institutional context of the entrepreneurial activity.
2007-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2451/1/MPRA_paper_2451.pdf
Ferrante, Francesco and Sabatini, Fabio (2007): Education, social capital and entrepreneurial selection in Italy.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2523
2019-09-27T15:44:48Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
7375626A656374733D43:4330
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443639
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2523/
L'influence de la connaissance du genre du partenaire dans les relations de confiance et de réciprocité: une étude expérimentale
Bonein, Aurélie
Serra, Daniel
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
C0 - General
D69 - Other
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
Gender differences are often observed in real life-situations. We implement an experiment on the investment game which explores the influence of knowledge of partner's gender in trust and reciprocity by means of two treatments of information: the first one, without knowledge of partner's gender and the second treatment where gender's partner is common knowledge. A great heterogeneity of individuals’ behaviors is observed: from selfish behavior to complete trust and trustworthiness. Knowledge of responder’s gender does not imply different sending, even if men trust more their partners than women. However, a phenomenon of gender bias dominates in trustworthiness behavior.
2006-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2523/1/MPRA_paper_2523.pdf
Bonein, Aurélie and Serra, Daniel (2006): L'influence de la connaissance du genre du partenaire dans les relations de confiance et de réciprocité: une étude expérimentale.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2630
2019-09-27T13:56:06Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3239
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3139
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3136
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2630/
International perspectives on Gender, science and Development
Rao K, Surekha
Jaireth, Sushma
K K, Seethamma
Z0 - General
O29 - Other
O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations
J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination
International perspective on Issues in Gender, Science and Economic Development
Abstract
The gender issues in science and economic development have two major dimensions: economic opportunities for women and abilities of women. The focus of this study is on economic opportunities for women from a global perspective. While there are significant increases in the female labor force participation rates in almost all countries, the proportion of female professional and technical workers remains much smaller. Using data from fifty countries with high human development index, we find that high index of achievement in education and high per capita incomes are important factors that contribute to the growth of professional and technical women workers. Gender empowerment index alone does not guarantee increased participation of women in science and technology.
2006-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2630/1/MPRA_paper_2630.pdf
Rao K, Surekha and Jaireth, Sushma and K K, Seethamma (2006): International perspectives on Gender, science and Development.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2669
2019-09-28T12:57:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503133
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503438
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2669/
La reafirmación de las aportaciones de (propiedad de) los socios de las sociedades cooperativas. Propuesta de regulación de las sociedades de responsabilidad limitada cooperativa
García-Gutiérrez Fernández, Carlos
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
P13 - Cooperative Enterprises
P48 - Political Economy ; Legal Institutions ; Property Rights ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Regional Studies
The denominated International Norms (that are only European) of Accounting they have shown a latent problem that is not only terminological: they claim the resource consideration unaware of the heading that picks up the contributions of the partners of the cooperative societies, as it could not be otherwise when being companies in those that partner's condition is not acquired by the obligatory contribution (and, in its case, voluntary).
The accounting seeks, among other things, to offer a faithful image of the patrimonial and economic-financial situation of the company.
The principle of open door, settled down by the only worldwide organization! that what is a cooperative society, settles down it bears the refund of those contributions when the partner stops to be it; what configures to the inappropriately denominated social capital (it should be capital contributed by the partners) like a debt, not conventional, but debt.
But the credit, the trust of the financial market, is based more on what you/they promise the managers that in a countable relationship of the passive one (and much less if it is deceiving).
The things cannot be distorted to assist to the rights of those worthy of the society (that are sacred). These already know "with those who the rooms are played"; and, if they don't know it, it is their problem.
It cannot load the inks on the current partners in favour of the futures, and even less in favour of the present managers.
The cooperative society is an association of managers in democracy, each one of those which… he/she responds of its contribution, if the case arrives; but not before, "just in case". Because this is against the financial meaning, against the economical meaning and against the cooperative meaning.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2669/1/MPRA_paper_2669.pdf
García-Gutiérrez Fernández, Carlos (2006): La reafirmación de las aportaciones de (propiedad de) los socios de las sociedades cooperativas. Propuesta de regulación de las sociedades de responsabilidad limitada cooperativa. Published in: REVESCO , Vol. 89, (2006): pp. 27-83.
es
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2763
2019-09-29T15:52:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2763/
المشروعات الصغيرة فى الدول العربية
Alasrag, Hussien
Z0 - General
The research aims to study the developmental role of small projects in the Arab countries in the light of the growing interest in it, through the identification of the concept and importance of small projects for the Arab States, the most important challenges facing development, and resort tries to propose a number of research hubs for the development and activation of this important sector in the Arab countries.
2007-04-17
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2763/1/MPRA_paper_2763.pdf
Alasrag, Hussien (2007): المشروعات الصغيرة فى الدول العربية.
ar
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2841
2019-09-28T05:46:26Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433633
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443835
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2841/
Collective Social Dynamics and Social Norms
Fent, Thomas
C63 - Computational Techniques ; Simulation Modeling
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
How individual behaviour is determined or at least influenced by social norms is one of the classic questions of social theory. We consider a norm as a rule guiding individual decisions concerning rituals, beliefs, traditions, and routines. Whenever coordinated behaviour is enforced without the help of an authority, this may be due to social norms. The individual being in the situation of taking a decision at the micro level is guided by social norms imposed at the macro level. The set of all individual decisions in a society generates the macro level behaviour of the system which may strengthen or weaken the existing social norms. Thus, the long run development of social norms is the result of collective dynamics within a social network.
We use an agent based simulation model to investigate the emergence, stability, and replacement of social norms within a population of artificial agents. A social network connecting the agents serves to communicate the social norms and the actual behaviour among the agent population. The agents in the network possess two types of links connecting them with their ingroup and with their outgroup, respectively. Agents have the desire to be associated and accepted by the members of their ingroup and they want to be different from the members of their outgroup. Consequently, they derive a utility from adhering to the social norm of their ingroup and from deviating from the social norm of their outgroup. Agents may adopt their behaviour according to the norms given by their ingroup and outgroup. Thus, our model explains under what conditions social norms prevail within a subgroup of the society or even become global norms being respected within the whole population.
2006-02-23
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2841/1/MPRA_paper_2841.pdf
Fent, Thomas (2006): Collective Social Dynamics and Social Norms.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2848
2019-09-28T22:18:39Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D45:4533:453332
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2848/
Can social interaction contribute to explain business cycles?
Gomes, Orlando
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
E32 - Business Fluctuations ; Cycles
Recent literature has been able to include into standard optimal growth models some hypotheses that allow for the generation of endogenous long run fluctuations. This paper contributes to this endogenous business cycles literature by considering social interactions. In the proposed model, individuals can choose, under a discrete choice rule, to which social group they prefer to belong to. This selection process is constrained essentially by the dimension of the group, which is the main determinant regarding the utility individuals withdraw from social interaction. The proposed setup implies the presence of cycles and chaotic motion describing the evolution of group dimension over time. Because being member of a group involves costs to households, the inclusion of these costs in a standard Ramsey growth model will imply that endogenous cycles might arise in the time trajectory of the growth rate of output.
2006-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2848/1/MPRA_paper_2848.pdf
Gomes, Orlando (2006): Can social interaction contribute to explain business cycles?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2874
2019-10-20T09:04:34Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433134
7375626A656374733D43:4331:433130
7375626A656374733D4D:4D32:4D3230
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2874/
Corruption and Socioeconomics Determinants:Empirical Evidence of Twenty Nine Countries
Halkos, George
Tzeremes, Nickolaos
Z10 - General
C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
C10 - General
M20 - General
This paper measures the effect of different socioeconomic determinants on countries’ transparency efficiency. Specifically, using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the transparency efficiency of twenty nine countries is calculated. Then with the help of factor analysis we extract two factors from seven socioeconomic variables according to their communality of influence. Finally we set up a logistic regression using the efficiencies derived from DEA and the factors extracted from factor analysis. The results suggest that higher transparency efficiency appears in countries with cultural values of lower power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and lower individualism. Additionally, lower inflation rates and lower political and economical risks constitute to higher levels of countries’ transparency efficiency while positive GDP growth doesn’t ensure countries’ transparency efficiency.
2007-01-03
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2874/1/MPRA_paper_2874.pdf
Halkos, George and Tzeremes, Nickolaos (2007): Corruption and Socioeconomics Determinants:Empirical Evidence of Twenty Nine Countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3196
2019-09-26T14:14:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3139
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3196/
On the Efficiency of AC/DC: Bon Scott versus Brian Johnson
Oxoby, Robert
Z19 - Other
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
We explore the effects of listening to the music of AC/DC in a simple bargaining environment.
2007-05-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3196/1/MPRA_paper_3196.pdf
Oxoby, Robert (2007): On the Efficiency of AC/DC: Bon Scott versus Brian Johnson.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3205
2019-10-01T18:16:50Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3205/
Tamil Nadu: Samathuvapuram : Towards Spatial Equality
K., Jothi Sivagnanam
M., Sivaraj
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Thanthai Periyar, a great social revolutionary of the Dravidian movement of the early 20th century India opposed 'cheries' and introduced the concept of 'Samathuvapuram'. The concept of housing communities, where dalits and people of other castes live together in mixed neighbourhood and share all facilities - focuses for the firts time on social and cultural equality in housing programmes. Thanks Kalaigner M. Karunanidhi, the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, for implementing the scheme successfully. The scheme (Samathuvapuram) itself germinated in response to recurrent caste and communal clashes in the state and has received considerable acceptance among the public.
2002-09-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3205/1/MPRA_paper_3205.pdf
K., Jothi Sivagnanam and M., Sivaraj (2002): Tamil Nadu: Samathuvapuram : Towards Spatial Equality. Published in: Economic and Political Weekly (28 September 2002): pp. 3990-3992.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3223
2019-10-01T04:43:36Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3223/
Intentions, Insincerity, and Prosocial Behavior
Amegashie, J. Atsu
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Consider a world with two people, 1 and 2, where person 1 (the proposer) may offer to help person 2 (the responder). The proposer may be altruistic towards the responder either out of a genuine desire to make her happy or out of guilt. The responder derives disutility from apparent acts of altruism motivated by guilt because she considers them to be insincere. She rejects some offers, depending on her beliefs about the proposer’s type. I model this social interaction as a game with interdependent preference types under incomplete information where the responder cares about the intentions behind the proposer’s prosocial behavior. I consider two recent formulations of endogenous guilt: simple guilt and guilt from blame. These formulations make the social interaction a psychological game. I find that the beliefs held by the players can lead to an equilibrium in which all offers are sincere and so no mutually beneficial trades are rejected, although the responder has incomplete information about the proposer’s type. Equilibria with insincere offers are possible under simple guilt but are impossible under guilt from blame. I discuss intrinsic and instrumental motivations for sincerity. I also discuss the implications of insincerity aversion for co-operation, altruism, political correctness, choice of identity, and trust.
2006-01-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3223/1/MPRA_paper_3223.pdf
Amegashie, J. Atsu (2006): Intentions, Insincerity, and Prosocial Behavior.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3323
2019-09-29T06:37:42Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3323/
Intentions, Insincerity, and Prosocial Behavior
Amegashie, J. Atsu
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Consider a world with two people, 1 and 2, where person 1 (the proposer) may offer to help person 2 (the responder). The proposer may be altruistic towards the responder either out of a genuine desire to make her happy or out of guilt. The responder derives disutility from apparent acts of altruism motivated by guilt because she considers them to be insincere. She might reject some offers, depending on her beliefs about the proposer’s type. I model this social interaction as a game with interdependent preference types under incomplete information where the responder cares about the intentions behind the proposer’s prosocial behavior. I consider two recent formulations of endogenous guilt: simple guilt and guilt from blame. These formulations make the social interaction a psychological game. I find that the beliefs held by the players can lead to an equilibrium in which all offers are sincere and so no mutually beneficial trades are rejected, although the responder has incomplete information about the proposer’s type. Equilibria with insincere offers are possible under simple guilt but are impossible under guilt from blame. These results are applicable to both intrinsic and instrumental motivations for sincerity. I also discuss the implications of insincerity aversion for co-operation, altruism, political correctness, choice of identity, and trust.
2006-01-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3323/1/MPRA_paper_3323.pdf
Amegashie, J. Atsu (2006): Intentions, Insincerity, and Prosocial Behavior.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3341
2019-09-28T04:41:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D51:5132:513230
7375626A656374733D4F:4F34:4F3431
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3341/
Endogenous growth, decline in social capital and expansion of market activities
Bartolini, Stefano
Bonatti, Luigi
Q20 - General
O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
We model in an endogenous growth set-up the hypotheses that the expansion of market activities weakens social capital formation, and that firms can invest in formal mechanisms of control and enforcement to substitute for social capital (trust, work ethics, honesty). The model shows that the economy tends to grow faster when it is relatively poorer in social capital and that perpetual growth can be consistent with the progressive erosion of social capital. These results may help reconciling Putnam’s claim that social capital has declined in the U.S. with the satisfactory growth performance of the U.S. economy over the same period.
2007-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3341/1/MPRA_paper_3341.pdf
Bartolini, Stefano and Bonatti, Luigi (2007): Endogenous growth, decline in social capital and expansion of market activities.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3348
2019-10-05T00:00:56Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3348/
Tamil Nadu: Samathuvapuram : Towards Spatial Equality
K., Jothi Sivagnanam
M., Sivaraj
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Thanthai Periyar, a great social revolutionary of the Dravidian movement of the early 20th century India opposed 'cheries' and introduced the concept of 'Samathuvapuram'. The concept of housing communities, where dalits and people of other castes live together in mixed neighbourhood and share all facilities - focuses for the firts time on social and cultural equality in housing programmes. Thanks Kalaigner M. Karunanidhi, the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, for implementing the scheme successfully. The scheme (Samathuvapuram) itself germinated in response to recurrent caste and communal clashes in the state and has received considerable acceptance among the public.
2002-09-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3348/1/MPRA_paper_3348.pdf
K., Jothi Sivagnanam and M., Sivaraj (2002): Tamil Nadu: Samathuvapuram : Towards Spatial Equality. Published in: Economic and Political Weekly (28 September 2002): pp. 3990-3992.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3409
2019-09-28T11:04:28Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3131
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3409/
Il pubblico di circo in Italia: il caso dell'acquatico Bellucci
Del Sarto, Alessio
Zanola, Roberto
Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
Z10 - General
Although the cultural importance of circus, the economics of culture has neglected to address this topic. Two main reasons for this: first, cultural economics has (wrongly) considered circus as a minor performing arts; secondly, the difficulty to collect quantitative information on circus. This paper represents an attempt to fill this lack by analysing the characteristics of circus attendance. In particular, we submit 268 questionnaires to people attending Acquatico Bellucci. Descriptive statistics are discussed in the paper.
2007-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3409/1/MPRA_paper_3409.pdf
Del Sarto, Alessio and Zanola, Roberto (2007): Il pubblico di circo in Italia: il caso dell'acquatico Bellucci.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3612
2019-09-29T10:58:00Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D4A:4A37:4A3731
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
7375626A656374733D43:4334:433433
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3612/
Analysis of Gender Disparity in Meghalaya by Various Types of Composite Indices
Mishra, SK
O53 - Asia including Middle East
J71 - Discrimination
Z12 - Religion
C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
Subjugation of women in certain spheres of life is very common in the patriarchal societies and it has a long history. In India, women have little social or economic independence. They are treated inequitably at home as much as at the workplace outside. Perhaps, it is so for the Indian society is predominantly patriarchal. However, Meghlaya, a state in North East India, presents a case different than the rest of the country at large (except Kerala and some other pockets). A very large majority of population in the state belongs to three tribes, Garo, Jaintia and Khasi, well known for their being matrilineal (and matrifocal). In this paper we investigate how women in Meghalaya perform, vis-à-vis men, in the socio-economic sphere. The investigation is based on Census of India-2001 data. Two sets of nine variables that measure socio-economic inclusion of people in development have been obtained, first for men and the second for women, and from these variables a composite index has finally been constructed. Many methods of constructing a composite index are discussed and applied on the data for obtaining loadings on the variables. Analytic methods (e.g. principal component/factor analysis) and synthetic methods (MSAR, MEFAR and MMAR) have been compared empirically. We find that the synthetic methods perform better than the analytic methods in representing the constituent variables judiciously and meaningfully.
Do matrifocal societies favour women in socio-economic sphere and help achieve gender equality? We conclude that indeed they do so. The tribes of Meghalaya whose societies are organized on matrifocal principles have obtained much greater gender equality than the societies (e.g. Hindu and Muslim) that are organized on the patriarchal principles.
2007-06-18
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3612/1/MPRA_paper_3612.pdf
Mishra, SK (2007): Analysis of Gender Disparity in Meghalaya by Various Types of Composite Indices.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3669
2019-09-28T11:16:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503136
7375626A656374733D4E:4E33:4E3337
7375626A656374733D51:5131:513135
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3669/
Rural class differentiation in Nigeria: Theory and practice - a quantitative approach in the case of Nupeland
Kohnert, Dirk
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
P16 - Political Economy
N37 - Africa ; Oceania
Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
The knowledge of social stratification within the peasantry is a decisive precondition of sustainable economic and political measures for an effective support of agricultural production in least developed countries. This is one of the reasons why also in Nigeria social scientist focus on the problem of rural social structures recently. Up to now it was considered uncontested truth that, although there is considerable social and economic differentiation between the so-called small peasants, there is no class formation within the West African peasantry. However, these conclusions may rather reflect misinterpretations of the class concept than the actual situation of the peasants. A critical review of common misinterpretations of the historic-materialist class concept lays the base for the proposition of a new methodology for an analysis of the Nupe peasantry and rural social spaces in Northern Nigeria. Applied to the results an empirical investigation of four Nupe villages in Northern Nigeria in 1976, the proposed model reveals the early stages of a rural capitalist development, notably among rice producing marsh farmers of Cis-Kaduna, despite barriers of the semi-feudal land tenure system still in vigour in Nupeland. Widespread assumptions on the predominance of social mobility as great social equalizer in Northern Nigeria are not backed by the available data.
1979
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3669/1/MPRA_paper_3669.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (1979): Rural class differentiation in Nigeria: Theory and practice - a quantitative approach in the case of Nupeland. Published in: Afrika-Spectrum , Vol. 14, No. 3 (1979): pp. 295-315.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3674
2019-09-27T21:54:52Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503331
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503337
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503332
7375626A656374733D50:5032
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503532
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503333
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3674/
Vom Camarade Zum Monsieur: Strukturanpassung Und Demokratisierung in Benin
Kohnert, Dirk
Preuss, Hans-Joachim
P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
P37 - Legal Institutions ; Illegal Behavior
P32 - Collectives ; Communes ; Agriculture
P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
P33 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
The process of political and economic liberalisation in Benin is regarded as a model for the whole of Sub-Saharan Africa. Benin made history by becoming the first African country to overthrow a military dictator by democratic means. The civilian coup d'état cleared the way for economic recovery, too. The strengthening of democratic institutions, and the good will of the new government of the former high ranking World Bank-employee Soglo, to follow the recommendations of the structural adjustment program have been honoured by the donors' generosity. The recovery of the economy, however, was hampered by the underlying fabric of the socio-cultural structure of clientelism and patronage, which resulted in a situation in which the on-going structural adjustment program mainly served the vested interests of the state class and rival strategic groups, bargaining for the booty of increasing development assistance. Thus, socio-economic conditions for a self-sustaining development process and, consequently, increased development assistance are not yet met. Nevertheless, areas of co-operation do exist in the fields of liberty of press and opinion, basic needs and self-help organizations.
1992
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3674/1/MPRA_paper_3674.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk and Preuss, Hans-Joachim (1992): Vom Camarade Zum Monsieur: Strukturanpassung Und Demokratisierung in Benin. Published in: Peripherie No. 46 (1992): pp. 47-70.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3704
2019-09-27T04:22:58Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3537
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D45:4532:453236
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3704/
Cultures of Innovation of the African Poor: Common Roots, Shared Traits, Joint Prospects? On the Articulation of Multiple Modernities in African Societies and Black Diasporas in Latin America
Kohnert, Dirk
O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
E26 - Informal Economy ; Underground Economy
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Z12 - Religion
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
The globalized Western culture of innovation, as propagated by major aid institutions, does not necessarily lead to empowerment or improvement of the well-being of the stakeholders. On the contrary, it often blocks viable indigenous innovation cultures. In African societies and African Diasporas in Latin America, cultures of innovation largely accrue from the informal, not the formal sector. Crucial for their proper understanding is a threefold structural differentiation: between the formal and informal sector, within the informal sector, according to class, gender or religion, and between different transnational social spaces. Different innovation cultures may be complementary, mutually reinforcing, or conflicting, leading in extreme cases even to a 'clash of cultures' at the local level. The repercussions of competing, even antagonistic agencies of innovative strategic groups are demonstrated, analyzing the case of the African poor in Benin and the African Diasporas of Brazil and Haiti.
2006-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3704/1/MPRA_paper_3704.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (2006): Cultures of Innovation of the African Poor: Common Roots, Shared Traits, Joint Prospects? On the Articulation of Multiple Modernities in African Societies and Black Diasporas in Latin America.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3752
2019-09-27T02:49:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443239
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3838
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3830
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3752/
Recent trend of village and small enterprise sector: exploring and exploiting its opportunities in the North Eastern Region of India touching upon its profile and barriers
Mishra, SK
D29 - Other
Z0 - General
L88 - Government Policy
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
L60 - General
O53 - Asia including Middle East
L80 - General
Development of village, micro and small enterprises in India has a special significance with regard to bridging up the disparities between urban and rural sectors of the economy on the one hand and the more industrialized and the less industrialized states on the other. It would also channelize to the mainstream the forces of development in the rural and remote areas presently strewn with the immense possibilities of manufacturing and service activities. Mahatma Gandhi had envisioned this long back, but Indian planners exhibited their preference to development of large-scale industries first. However, after having taken a step further to globalization and liberalization, India has recognized the relevance of small enterprises. Enactment of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 is an instance of the action taken in the wake of this recognition.
The North Eastern Region (NER) of India comprises eight states: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura, all well known for their handicrafts. The Schedule Tribes form the majority of population there. Most of these states are hilly and have remained agriculturally as well as industrially backward. Promotion of small enterprises is most suitable for their timely development.
In this paper we present a statistically detailed profile of small enterprises in the NER. We explore the possibilities of development of the small enterprises sector and discuss the constraints on the same.
2007-06-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3752/1/MPRA_paper_3752.pdf
Mishra, SK (2007): Recent trend of village and small enterprise sector: exploring and exploiting its opportunities in the North Eastern Region of India touching upon its profile and barriers.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3769
2019-09-27T16:50:22Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443239
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3838
7375626A656374733D44:4432:443234
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3630
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3533
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3830
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3769/
Recent trend of village and small enterprise sector: exploring and exploiting its opportunities in the North Eastern Region of India touching upon its profile and barriers
Mishra, SK
D29 - Other
Z0 - General
L88 - Government Policy
D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital ; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity ; Capacity
L60 - General
O53 - Asia including Middle East
L80 - General
Development of village, micro and small enterprises in India has a special significance with regard to bridging up the disparities between urban and rural sectors of the economy on the one hand and the more industrialized and the less industrialized states on the other. It would also channelize to the mainstream the forces of development in the rural and remote areas presently strewn with the immense possibilities of manufacturing and service activities. Mahatma Gandhi had envisioned this long back, but Indian planners exhibited their preference to development of large-scale industries first. However, after having taken a step further to globalization and liberalization, India has recognized the relevance of small enterprises. Enactment of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 is an instance of the action taken in the wake of this recognition.
The North Eastern Region (NER) of India comprises eight states: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura, all well known for their handicrafts. The Schedule Tribes form the majority of population there. Most of these states are hilly and have remained agriculturally as well as industrially backward. Promotion of small enterprises is most suitable for their timely development.
In this paper we present a statistically detailed profile of small enterprises in the NER. We explore the possibilities of development of the small enterprises sector and discuss the constraints on the same.
2007-06-29
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3769/1/MPRA_paper_3769.pdf
Mishra, SK (2007): Recent trend of village and small enterprise sector: exploring and exploiting its opportunities in the North Eastern Region of India touching upon its profile and barriers.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3822
2019-09-27T16:49:11Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3822/
Capitale Sociale Civile: una nota sui concetti e sulla evidenza empirica macro
Fiorillo, Damiano
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
This paper offers an overview of the main literature on civil social capital and its impact on economic growth. Following Durlauf (2002), it points out the econometric issues useful to improve future aggregate empirical studies of social capital.
2005-11-22
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3822/1/MPRA_paper_3822.pdf
Fiorillo, Damiano (2005): Capitale Sociale Civile: una nota sui concetti e sulla evidenza empirica macro.
it
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:3958
2019-09-26T08:47:12Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4D:4D33
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3331
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30:5A3030
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443839
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3958/
Innovations spread more like wildfires than like infections
Amavilah, Voxi Heinrich
M3 - Marketing and Advertising
O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
Z00 - General
D89 - Other
Conventional theory says that innovations first diffuse slowly, then at faster paces, and finally at asymptotically declining rates. Economists and others explain such behavior with a variety of logistic models. Early models like the contagion model derive their predictive power from reliance on the history of the variables they are trying to predict. New social learning models improve the dynamics of diffusion across heterogeneous populations, while other studies propose various modifications. However, these extensions of the logistic and related models are still too orderly in structure and outcome. In reality one can expect both order from disorder and disorder from order. The argument of this paper is that innovations spread more like wild fire than like systematic epidemics. This analogy is no mere conjecture; some environments are more susceptible to catching fire than others. Just as the rate of the spread of fire is a function of fuel and other factors, so too is the spread of innovations, only that in the latter case the fuel is human population. Human population in general is a necessary fodder for the spread of innovations. The sufficient condition is the quality of the population which can favor or disfavor the spread of innovations, which explains why there are some random chances of finding islands untouched by fire surrounded by a sea of fire devastation.
2007-07-07
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3958/1/MPRA_paper_3958.pdf
Amavilah, Voxi Heinrich (2007): Innovations spread more like wildfires than like infections.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4030
2019-09-26T20:32:57Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D59:5934:593430
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443031
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30:5A3030
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4030/
Neural Substrates of Decision-Making in Economic Games
Stanton, Angela A.
Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
Z00 - General
In economic experiments decisions often differ from game-theoretic predictions. Why are people generous in one-shot ultimatum games with strangers? Is there a benefit to generosity toward strangers? Research on the neural substrates of decisions suggests that some choices are hormone-dependent. By artificially stimulating subjects with neuroactive hormones, we can identify which hormones and brain regions participate in decisionmaking, to what degree and in what direction. Can a hormone make a person generous while another stingy? In this paper, two laboratory experiments are described using the hormones oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP). Concentrations of these hormones in the brain continuously change in response to external stimuli. OT enhances trust (Michael Kosfeld et al. 2005b), reduce fear from strangers (C. Sue Carter 1998), and has anti-anxiety effects (Kerstin Uvnäs-Moberg, Maria Peterson 2005). AVP enhances attachment and bonding with kin in monogamous male mammals (Jennifer N. Ferguson et al. 2002) and increases reactive aggression (C. Sue Carter 2007). Dysfunctions of OT and/or AVP reception have been associated with autism (Miranda M. Lim et al. 2005). In Chapter One I review past experiments with the ultimatum (UG) and dictator (DG) games and visit some of the major results in the literature. In Chapter Two I present the results of my laboratory experiment where I examine why people are generous in one-shot economic games with strangers. I hypothesize that oxytocin would enhance generosity in the UG. Players in the OT group were much more generous than those in the placebo—OT offers in the UG were 80% higher than offers on placebo. Enhanced generosity was not due to altruism as there was no effect on DG offers. This implies that other-regarding preferences are at play in the amount of money sent but only in a reciprocal context. The third chapter presents an experiment on punishment. I hypothesized that AVP would increase rejections and stinginess in the UG and TG. Results show that AVP affects rejections and stinginess in small groups but not in large ones. Chapter Four contains the summary of future research
suggestions.
2007-05-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4030/1/MPRA_paper_4030.pdf
Stanton, Angela A. (2007): Neural Substrates of Decision-Making in Economic Games. Published in: Journal of Dissertation , Vol. Volume, No. Issue 1 (9 July 2007): pp. 1-63.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4078
2019-09-28T19:35:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4333:433335
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4078/
Network Effects in Risk Sharing and Credit Market Access: Evidence from Istanbul
Adaman, Fikret
Ardic, Oya Pinar
Tuzemen, Didem
C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models ; Discrete Regressors ; Proportions
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
It is a truism that households in developing countries that face idiosyncratic
income/expenditure shocks may face difficulties in smoothing consumption through formal
credit institutions, and hence rely, at least partially, on informal ties. While this issue has been explored extensively in the literature for rural areas, the picture reflecting the urban setting remains relatively uninvestigated. This paper aims to fill this gap by presenting an exclusively designed survey implemented in Istanbul. The results of a multi-stage logit estimation of the survey data indicate that monetary transfers from social networks and formal loans are complements, while general usage of network help implies an increased likelihood of asking for network help for easy and/or favorable access to credit. In addition, material security emerges as the key determinant of both eligibility for and use of a formal loan, and of having network help available in easing the loan approval process by banks.
2006-12-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4078/1/MPRA_paper_4078.pdf
Adaman, Fikret and Ardic, Oya Pinar and Tuzemen, Didem (2006): Network Effects in Risk Sharing and Credit Market Access: Evidence from Istanbul.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4148
2019-09-28T04:42:19Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D44:4437:443731
7375626A656374733D49:4933:493331
7375626A656374733D44:4431
7375626A656374733D4A:4A32:4A3232
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
7375626A656374733D4A:4A31:4A3133
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4148/
Many hands make hard work, or why agriculture is not a puzzle
Guzmán, Ricardo Andrés
D6 - Welfare Economics
A14 - Sociology of Economics
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
D71 - Social Choice ; Clubs ; Committees ; Associations
I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being
D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics
J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
J13 - Fertility ; Family Planning ; Child Care ; Children ; Youth
O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
The shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture, some 10,000 years ago, triggered the first demographic explosion in history. Along with population, working time increased, while food consumption remained at the subsistence level. For that reason, most anthropologists regard the adoption of agriculture as an economical puzzle.
I show, using a neoclassical economic model, that there is nothing puzzling about the adoption of agriculture. Agriculture brings four technological changes: an increase in total factor productivity, a stabilization of total factor productivity, less interference of children on production, and the possibility of food storage. In my model, each of those changes induces free, rational and self-interested hunter-gatherers to adopt agriculture. As a result, working time increases while consumption remains at the subsistence level, and population begins to grow until diminishing returns to labor bring it to a halt. Welfare, which depends on consumption, leisure, and fertility, rises at first; but after a few generations it falls below its initial level. Still, the adoption of agriculture is irreversible. The latter generations choose to remain farmers because, at their current levels of population, reverting to hunting and gathering would reduce their welfare.
2007-01-28
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4148/1/MPRA_paper_4148.pdf
Guzmán, Ricardo Andrés (2007): Many hands make hard work, or why agriculture is not a puzzle.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4201
2019-10-01T15:51:14Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D47:4731:473131
7375626A656374733D5A:5A30
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4201/
Knowledge Theory and Investment: Enhanced Investment Decision Based on the properties of Point X
Khumalo, Bhekuzulu
G11 - Portfolio Choice ; Investment Decisions
Z0 - General
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
Knowledge is the most important commodity and resource human beings can have. Having these qualities allows knowledge to be at the forefront of economics, as it should be. Knowledge economics demonstrates the power of knowledge theory into investment decision making policy by individuals and institutions. The paper discusses the different research types that take place and the different risks associated with each type of risk been associated with time. Strategy using game theory is used in a dynamic situation because firms are not static. Knowledge is the tool the investor needs to make more clarified decisions
2007-07-21
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4201/1/MPRA_paper_4201.pdf
Khumalo, Bhekuzulu (2007): Knowledge Theory and Investment: Enhanced Investment Decision Based on the properties of Point X.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4217
2019-09-27T05:34:32Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D4E:4E31:4E3137
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463335
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D52:5235:523538
7375626A656374733D4F:4F32:4F3232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D50:5035:503532
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4217/
The long-term effects of development aid - Empirical studies in rural West Africa.
Bierschenk, Thomas
Elwert, Georg
Kohnert, Dirk
N17 - Africa ; Oceania
F35 - Foreign Aid
A14 - Sociology of Economics
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
O22 - Project Analysis
O55 - Africa
P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
This article is based on field studies in rural West Africa. It concentrates on the socio-structural effects of development aid in the long run, in contrast to numerous available evaluation reports on the short-run effects of development projects. The study reveals that superficial generalisations or condemnations of development projects, like the big farmers benefit at the expense of the smaller ones, or the men benefit at the expense of the women, do not hold up to verification. Quite to the contrary one observes a wide range of specific adapted forms by which the target groups react to the demands and offers of development projects, and thereby transform their own social structure. In short, one observes a great diversity of social self-organisation. The bureaucratic structures of the development administration do, however, unfortunately - more often than not - ignore the social dynamic of their target groups which they nevertheless sustain unconsciously. Development aid has become an important political and economic factor in most African countries. Its financial impact often exceeds that of the national budget. It contributes, therefore, significantly to the development of a bureaucratic class and of its clients: the project development degenerates into a project nationalization / bureaucratization. This contrasts vividly with the strategies of the peasants. Men and women at village level do not accept any longer the paternalistic development approach. They just select what they need out of the packages of solutions that are offered to them, while they develop their own solutions, like a variety of seeds adapted to their specific resource endowments, diversified sources of income, different strategies of accumulation and risk prevention. All this allows for a gradual evolution by variation and selection. The dynamic of the rural society is to a large extent due to a competition of different (strategic) groups, opposed to one another, about the partitioning of the cake of development aid. Normally this struggle between different vested interests is covered up by the rhetoric of development planning. Planned development has up to now proven to be to rigid, to be able to take account of the complex and subtle fabric of self organisation. Aid sometimes appears to be a second best substitute for a vision of a democratic society. This is due to the fact that the structures we are aiming for in the long run - which are to allow for open markets, an orientation of the producers at the resources and needs of the nation, and last not least, the growth of indigenous structures of self-help - would require a responsible and democratic government, as well as the guarantee of civil rights, accountability, an independent judiciary, freedom of the press, etc.; up to now, however, all these elements are still oppressed by the commando state itself, well nourished by the various forms of technical and financial aid.
1991
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4217/1/MPRA_paper_4217.pdf
Bierschenk, Thomas and Elwert, Georg and Kohnert, Dirk (1991): The long-term effects of development aid - Empirical studies in rural West Africa. Published in: Economics, Biannual Journal of the Institute for Scientific Co-operation, Tübingen , Vol. 47, No. 1 (1993): pp. 83-111.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4257
2019-09-27T05:12:21Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
7375626A656374733D4D:4D33:4D3330
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4257/
There! Did you see it?; Care! They do see you… Subliminal messages in advertisement, movie making and cartoons in a ‘not so-innocent world’. Profit driven or ‘dark’ conspiracy?
Klimov, Blagoy
Z10 - General
M30 - General
Public space is bombarded by subliminal messages. I argue that subliminal messages are not so innocent and that despite their mass usage, they have not received enough public and scientific attention. Is such dissemination profit-driven or a consequence of some 'dark conspiracy' plot? It would be paranoid to presume that there is some kind of global conspiracy that coordinates their usage and most probably the subliminal messaging is just a tool for increasing profits. However, that is a question for a consequent paper. This paper investigates not so much the 'why'-part, rather the 'if' part: Do global advertising agencies and their clients really employ an intensive usage of subliminal effects in political campaigns, advertisement, movies and even cartoons? It is rather ambitious task to give an ultimate answer to that question, but the paper empirically proves that there are much more subliminal messages in the public space, than we suppose. Unfortunately, they and their creators are much more ‘interested in us’, than we are in them.
2003-05
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4257/1/MPRA_paper_4257.pdf
Klimov, Blagoy (2003): There! Did you see it?; Care! They do see you… Subliminal messages in advertisement, movie making and cartoons in a ‘not so-innocent world’. Profit driven or ‘dark’ conspiracy?
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4321
2019-09-28T04:47:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433733
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4321/
Equilibrium Vengeance
Friedman, Daniel
Singh, Nirvikar
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games ; Evolutionary Games ; Repeated Games
The efficiency-enhancing role of the vengeance motive is illustrated in a simple social dilemma game in extensive form. Incorporating behavioral noise and observational noise in random interactions in large groups leads to seven continuous families of (short run) Perfect Bayesian equilibria (PBE) that involve both vengeful and non-vengeful types. A new long run evolutionary equilibrium concept, Evolutionary Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium (EPBE), shrinks the equilibrium set to two points. In one EPBE, only the non-vengeful type survives and there are no mutual gains. In the other EPBE, both types survive and reap mutual gains.
2007-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4321/1/MPRA_paper_4321.pdf
Friedman, Daniel and Singh, Nirvikar (2007): Equilibrium Vengeance.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4377
2019-09-26T16:01:45Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4235
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D41:4131
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4377/
Behavioral economics and socio-economics journals: A citation-based ranking
Azar, Ofer H.
B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
A1 - General Economics
Journal quality is a major consideration for authors, readers, and promotion and tenure committees, among others. Unfortunately, most behavioral economics and socio-economics journals are not included in published rankings or in Journal Citation Reports. Consequently, no objective ranking of these journals exists. To address this need, a list of journals in behavioral economics and socio-economics was compiled, and the number of articles that cited each journal was recorded for the periods 2001-2005, 1996-2000, and 1996-2005. In all periods Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization was ranked first and Journal of Economic Psychology second. In 2001-2005 Journal of Socio-Economics ranked third.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4377/1/MPRA_paper_4377.pdf
Azar, Ofer H. (2006): Behavioral economics and socio-economics journals: A citation-based ranking. Published in: Journal of Socio-Economics , Vol. 3, No. 36 (2007): pp. 451-462.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4379
2019-09-30T09:26:32Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
7375626A656374733D52:5232:523233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4379/
Contributo para uma visao economica do associativismo religioso - o caso das confrarias activas de Lisboa
Mourao, Paulo
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Z12 - Religion
R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics
Where are the brotherhoods of the Patriarchate of Lisbon? Why
are these brotherhoods located in such spaces? The present work answers to
these two questions, being a pioneer attempt about the thematic, in Portugal.
Through the empirical validation recurring to logit models, this paper identifies
as determinants the human diversity of the spaces (parishes) and the related
tradition, not confirming the hypothesis of the purchase power of the resident
people. Therefore, it is confirmed that the resources constraint of this kind of
social groups considers the cultural and the traditional richness as fundamental
to the detriment of the exclusive budget restriction.
2006-09
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4379/1/MPRA_paper_4379.pdf
Mourao, Paulo (2006): Contributo para uma visao economica do associativismo religioso - o caso das confrarias activas de Lisboa. Published in: Revista de Economia del Rosario , Vol. 10, No. 1 (2007): pp. 55-74.
pt
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4385
2019-09-27T06:54:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3639
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4385/
Economic Performance Of the Arabic Book Translation Industry in Arab Countries
Harabi, Najib
Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
L69 - Other
Knowledge has always been at the heart of economic growth and development. It is disseminated chiefly through the different stages of education, R&D, the mass media and the translation industry. In Arab countries there has been a widespread impression that there is a low level of translation activities, which in turn has led to a low output of the translation industry in those countries. This paper addresses this issue; its overall objectives are (1) to describe the economic performance of the Arabic book translation industry in Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, and Syria; (2) to understand empirically the economic performance of that industry, the focus here being on qualitatively analyzing the major determinants (positive and negative factors) affecting the growth process of that industry; and (3) to provide policy makers and business leaders in the Arab region with theoretically sound and evidence-based advice on the issues analyzed in the project.
To provide an empirical base for answering those questions, both published data and fresh new data have been used. For the latter purpose, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted in the year 2005 among 190 experts, covering firm representatives and experts in industry and government. The Porter (Diamond) model has been used as a theoretical background. The empirical results were incorporated in five national case studies. This paper synthesizes the results of the national reports, giving a comparative account of the performance of the Arabic book translation industry in the five Arab countries.
The overall results suggest that the Arabic book translation industry in these Arab countries has not yet achieved the level of development of other developing and developed countries. Underperformance of the Arabic book translation industry is attributable to (among other factors) severe coordination failures. This is a state of affairs in which the inability of the different agents (translators, book publishers, suppliers, customers, and supporting organizations, state, and so forth) to coordinate their behavior (choices) leads to suboptimal outcomes. Since the economic performance of the translation industry often involves complementary investments whose return depends on other investments being made by other agents, coordination is crucial. Obviously, neither market forces nor the state have undertaken this coordination activity sufficiently. The Arabic book translation industry seems to suffer from both market failure and government failure.
In light of these results the Arabic book translation industry offers great economic potential that should be mobilized systematically in the future. This paper discusses how this can be achieved, based on a well-designed and implemented process of upgrading and innovation in companies, industries, and clusters related to translation activities. Public policy, properly understood and adequately implemented, can play an important role in this process.
To overcome, or at least to mitigate, some of the major coordination failures in the Arabic translation industry, it is necessary to select an existing pan-Arab nongovernmental organization (NGO) or to create a new one, whose mission would include two major groups of activities:
The first action would involve the coordination of activities on the supply side of the Arabic translation industry. This group of activities would encompass the following:
1. Improving the documentation of Arabic translation needs. This can be achieved by creating a regional Internet-based database that would constitute an information base on what has been translated, what is being translated, and what will be translated from foreign languages into Arabic.
2. Designing and implementing translation support programs (including providing financial means) on a sustainable basis. This would create and maintain a critical mass of translators and publishing companies.
3. Promoting translation quality assessment programs. This would mitigate the widely known problem of poor quality translation.
4. Designing and implementing training programs for translators and publishing companies involved in the translation business. This would increase the number of translators and improve the quality of translation activities.
5. Promoting networks among writers, translators, and publishers that facilitate contacts and create opportunities for new translation projects. Such additional communication channels would spur new project development.
All these measures are intended to strengthen the supply side of the translation industry in Arab countries.
The second action would involve the coordination of activities on the demand side of the Arabic translation industry. The suggested NGO should support readership surveys and promote reading programs. This can be done in collaboration with radio and television stations, print media, schools and universities, and so forth. These measures would help to identify the real needs of the reading public and enhance the culture of reading, especially among young people.
2007-02-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4385/1/MPRA_paper_4385.pdf
Harabi, Najib (2007): Economic Performance Of the Arabic Book Translation Industry in Arab Countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4391
2019-09-26T13:17:32Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D47:4732:473231
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4391/
Strategi Alternatif Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Papua melalui Pengembangan Keuangan Mikro
Landiyanto, Erlangga Agustino
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages
Microfinance is one of alternative strategy to reduce poverty. there are kind of thinking of different microfinance strategy for poverty reduction. therefore, this paper try to explore several suitable alternative strategy which can be implemented to develop microfinance in papua. two particular gates of this strategy are strenghtening microfinance institutions and develop community based microfinance.
Keuangan mikro merupakan salah satu strategi efektif dalam menanggulangi kemiskinan. Terdapat berbagai pemikiran tentang strategi keuangan mikro yang berbeda dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini mencoba mengeksplorasi beberapa strategi alternatif yang sesuai dan dapat diimplementasikan dalam mengembangkan keuangan mikro di papua. dua koridor utama dari strategi itu berupa penguatan lembaga keuangan mikro dan pengembangan keuangan mikro berbasis komunitas
2006-02
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4391/1/MPRA_paper_4391.pdf
Landiyanto, Erlangga Agustino (2006): Strategi Alternatif Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Papua melalui Pengembangan Keuangan Mikro.
id
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4392
2019-09-28T12:45:52Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4392/
Copyright-Based Industries in Arab Countries
Harabi, Najib
Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
The paper describes and explains empirically the economic performance of four key copyright-based industries (the book publishing, music sound recording, film production and software industries) in five Arab countries (Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon). Using the Porter (Diamond) model as its theoretical background, a survey was conducted in the years 2002-03 among 242 experts, covering firm representatives, industry and government experts. The results were incorporated into five national case studies. This paper synthesizes the results of those national reports, giving a comparative account of the performance of the four copyright-based industries in these Arab countries. The overall results of the study suggest that copyright-based industries in Arab countries are substantially underdeveloped, and there remains a great potential that should systematically be mobilized. A discussion of how this can be achieved is offered, based upon a well-designed and implemented process of upgrading and innovation in companies, industries and clusters related to copyright-based activities. Public policy can play in this process an important role.
2004-02-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4392/1/MPRA_paper_4392.pdf
Harabi, Najib (2004): Copyright-Based Industries in Arab Countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4393
2019-09-28T05:55:45Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3833
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4393/
Tipping as a strategic investment in service quality: An optimal-control analysis of repeated interactions in the service industry
Azar, Ofer H.
Tobol, Yossi
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
L83 - Sports ; Gambling ; Restaurants ; Recreation ; Tourism
We present an optimal-control model where tipping behavior creates reputation that affects future service. Tipping and reputation can evolve in four path prototypes: converging to an interior equilibrium; converging to minimum tips and reputation; and two prototypes that start differently but end with tips and reputation increasing indefinitely. Analyzing the interior equilibrium suggests that when reputation erodes more quickly (capturing lower patronage frequency), equilibrium reputation is lower. Interestingly, however, tips may be higher. Increasing the minimal tip raises tips by the same increase, and does not change reputation. A more patient customer leaves higher tips and reaches a higher reputation.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4393/1/MPRA_paper_4393.pdf
Azar, Ofer H. and Tobol, Yossi (2006): Tipping as a strategic investment in service quality: An optimal-control analysis of repeated interactions in the service industry.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4439
2019-09-28T16:43:24Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3131
7375626A656374733D4F:4F33:4F3334
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4439/
Performance économique de l’industrie du droit d’auteur dans certains pays arabes
Harabi, Najib
Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital
The paper describes and explains empirically the economic performance of four key copyright-based industries (the book publishing, music sound recording, film production and software industries) in five Arab countries (Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon). Using the Porter (Diamond) model as its theoretical background, a survey was conducted in the years 2002-03 among 242 experts, covering firm representatives, industry and government experts. The results were incorporated into five national case studies. This paper synthesizes the results of those national reports, giving a comparative account of the performance of the four copyright-based industries in these Arab countries. The overall results of the study suggest that copyright-based industries in Arab countries are substantially underdeveloped, and there remains a great potential that should systematically be mobilized. A discussion of how this can be achieved is offered, based upon a well-designed and implemented process of upgrading and innovation in companies, industries and clusters related to copyright-based activities. Public policy can play in this process an important role.
2004-01-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4439/1/MPRA_paper_4439.pdf
Harabi, Najib (2004): Performance économique de l’industrie du droit d’auteur dans certains pays arabes.
fr
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4452
2019-09-26T19:06:08Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3833
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443131
7375626A656374733D43:4336:433631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4452/
Tipping as a strategic investment in service quality: An optimal-control analysis of repeated interactions in the service industry
Azar, Ofer H.
Tobol, Yossi
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
L83 - Sports ; Gambling ; Restaurants ; Recreation ; Tourism
D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis
We present an optimal-control model where tipping behavior creates reputation that affects future service. Tipping and reputation can evolve in four path prototypes: converging to an interior equilibrium; converging to minimum tips and reputation; and two prototypes that start differently but end with tips and reputation increasing indefinitely. Analyzing the interior equilibrium suggests that when reputation erodes more quickly (capturing lower patronage frequency), equilibrium reputation is lower. Interestingly, however, tips may be higher. Increasing the minimal tip raises tips by the same increase, and does not change reputation. A more patient customer leaves higher tips and reaches a higher reputation.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4452/1/MPRA_paper_4452.pdf
Azar, Ofer H. and Tobol, Yossi (2006): Tipping as a strategic investment in service quality: An optimal-control analysis of repeated interactions in the service industry.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4457
2019-09-27T19:30:09Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443130
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3830
7375626A656374733D4A:4A33:4A3330
7375626A656374733D4D:4D35:4D3530
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4457/
Incentives and Service Quality in the Restaurant Industry: The Tipping – Service Puzzle
Azar, Ofer H.
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
D10 - General
L80 - General
J30 - General
M50 - General
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
Tipping is a significant economic activity (tips in the US food industry alone amount to about $42 billion annually) that was claimed to improve service quality and increase economic efficiency, because it gives incentives to provide excellent service, and therefore allows to avoid costly monitoring of workers. The article suggests that this common wisdom might be wrong. A simple model shows formally that tips can improve service only if they are sensitive enough to service quality. Empirical evidence suggests that tips are hardly affected by service quality. Nevertheless, rankings of service quality by customers are very high; the co-existence of these two findings is denoted "the tipping – service puzzle,” and several possible explanations for it are offered.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4457/1/MPRA_paper_4457.pdf
Azar, Ofer H. (2005): Incentives and Service Quality in the Restaurant Industry: The Tipping – Service Puzzle. Forthcoming in: Applied Economics
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4475
2019-09-27T03:52:27Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D48:4833
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4A:4A30:4A3031
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35:4A3530
7375626A656374733D48:4831
7375626A656374733D48:4837
7375626A656374733D48:4834:483431
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483732
7375626A656374733D4A:4A35
7375626A656374733D48:4834
7375626A656374733D48:4837:483737
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4475/
Unemployment and Clientelism: The Piqueteros of Argentina
Ponce, Aldo Fernando
H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
J01 - Labor Economics: General
J50 - General
H1 - Structure and Scope of Government
H7 - State and Local Government ; Intergovernmental Relations
H41 - Public Goods
H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
H77 - Intergovernmental Relations ; Federalism ; Secession
This paper sheds light on possible explanations for the growth and endurance of the
piquetero social movement in Argentina, developed from a comparative perspective
based on Latin America. I show which institutional arrangements, political actors, and
configurations of power contributed to the success of the piqueteros. Applying the basic
principles of the rational choice approach, I find that the success of the piquetero
movement was produced by the current political division in the ruling party (the
Peronist party), by the over-regulated Argentine labor market, and by the impact of the
Argentine economic crisis through the unemployment rates.
2006-09-01
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4475/1/MPRA_paper_4475.pdf
Ponce, Aldo Fernando (2006): Unemployment and Clientelism: The Piqueteros of Argentina.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4477
2022-11-16T12:04:51Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D44:4438:443831
7375626A656374733D44:4430:443031
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433933
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4477/
Action bias among elite soccer goalkeepers: The case of penalty kicks
Bar-Eli, Michael
Azar, Ofer H.
Ritov, Ilana
Keidar-Levin, Yael
Schein, Galit
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
C93 - Field Experiments
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
In soccer penalty kicks, goalkeepers choose their action before they can clearly observe the kick direction. An analysis of 286 penalty kicks in top leagues and championships worldwide shows that given the probability distribution of kick direction, the optimal strategy for goalkeepers is to stay in the goal's center. Goalkeepers, however, almost always jump right or left. We propose the following explanation for this behavior: because the norm is to jump, norm theory (Kahneman and Miller, 1986) implies that a goal scored yields worse feelings for the goalkeeper following inaction (staying in the center) than following action (jumping), leading to a bias for action. The omission bias, a bias in favor of inaction, is reversed here because the norm here is reversed - to act rather than to choose inaction. The claim that jumping is the norm is supported by a second study, a survey conducted with 32 top professional goalkeepers. The seemingly biased decision making is particularly striking since the goalkeepers have huge incentives to make correct decisions, and it is a decision they encounter frequently. Finally, we discuss several implications of the action/omission bias for economics and management.
2005
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4477/1/MPRA_paper_4477.pdf
Bar-Eli, Michael and Azar, Ofer H. and Ritov, Ilana and Keidar-Levin, Yael and Schein, Galit (2005): Action bias among elite soccer goalkeepers: The case of penalty kicks. Published in: Journal of Economic Psychology , Vol. 28, No. 5 (October 2007): pp. 606-621.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4482
2019-09-28T04:57:32Z
7374617475733D696E7072657373
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3832
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413134
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413130
7375626A656374733D49:4932:493233
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4482/
Evolution of social norms with heterogeneous preferences: A general model and an application to the academic review process
Azar, Ofer H.
L82 - Entertainment ; Media
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
A14 - Sociology of Economics
A10 - General
I23 - Higher Education ; Research Institutions
The article presents a model of social norm evolution, which suggests how the increase in optimal and actual first response times (FRT) of economics journals can be related. When the optimal FRT and the norm about how much time refereeing should take increase, it seems that the existence of a norm increases the average refereeing time. The model suggests the surprising result that this is not necessarily true. I also discuss applications of the model in other contexts, differences in the optimal FRT between disciplines, the effects of the FRT on the tenure process, and strategic behavior of referees.
2002
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4482/1/MPRA_paper_4482.pdf
Azar, Ofer H. (2002): Evolution of social norms with heterogeneous preferences: A general model and an application to the academic review process. Forthcoming in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4485
2019-09-26T22:32:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443131
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4C:4C38:4C3833
7375626A656374733D44:4431:443132
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413132
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4485/
Tipping, firm strategy, and industrial organization
Azar, Ofer H.
D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
L83 - Sports ; Gambling ; Restaurants ; Recreation ; Tourism
D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
Tipping is a phenomenon that has been studied for many years, but is receiving increased attention in recent years. The magnitude of tips is very large – in the US, for example, tips in the food industry alone amount to about $42 billion each year, and tips are given in many other establishments and countries, so annual worldwide tips are much higher than that. Millions of workers in the US alone derive most of their income from tips and tipping is prevalent in numerous countries and occupations. These are all good reasons to study tipping, but it is clear that tipping has created much interest also because it is puzzling from a theoretical perspective. The common assumption in economics that people maximize utility (which is derived by consuming various goods) subject to a budget constraint implies that people should give up money only when they receive something in return. This is not the case, however, when people tip: service has already been provided by the time the tip is given, so the tip is a voluntary payment that does not buy something real (such as improved service) in return.
The literature on tipping can be divided to two main areas. The first area can be termed "understanding tipping behavior." This includes studies that try to understand why people tip, what affects their tipping behavior, why tipping is different across countries, etc. The second research area, which started to receive attention more recently, can be defined as "tipping, firm strategy, and industrial organization." This part of the literature deals with the effect of tipping on firms and markets. For example, firms can sometimes choose between voluntary tipping and compulsory service charges – which one is better for the firm? How should the existence of tips affect optimal pricing by the firm? How should firms monitor workers and provide incentives to them when tipping exists? Why does tipping exist in some industries but not in others? Does tipping increase social welfare in industries in which it is the norm? All these questions belong to this second research area and demonstrate the close relationship of tipping to industrial organization and firm strategy. Several review articles made an attempt to summarize and synthesize the extensive literature in the area of understanding tipping behavior, but no article has offered an extensive literature review that focuses on the area of "tipping, firm strategy, and industrial organization." The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to review and summarize the literature in this area of research.
2006
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4485/1/MPRA_paper_4485.pdf
Azar, Ofer H. (2006): Tipping, firm strategy, and industrial organization.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4594
2019-10-17T05:59:15Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4594/
Civic Participation of Immigrants: Culture Transmission and Assimilation
Aleksynska, Mariya
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Z10 - General
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
This paper employs the European Social Survey and the World Values Survey to empirically investigate civic participation of immigrants from fifty-four countries of origin to the European Union. Three sets of issues are addressed in this paper. First, the paper aims at understanding what factors determine civic participation of immigrants at large. Second, it seeks to shed light on differences and similarities between participation outcomes of immigrants and natives. The main part of the paper is dedicated to testing culture transmission and culture assimilation hypothesis with respect to civic participation. Culture assimilation is analysed within the traditional synthetic cohort methodology, and also by testing whether the levels of immigrants’ civic participation depend on the levels of natives’ civic participation in the same countries. Culture transmission is looked at by relating the levels of participation of nonmigrants in countries of origin to participation outcomes of those who migrate. In addition, the effect of other country of origin and country of destination characteristics on immigrants’ civic participation is investigated. The issue of immigrants’ self-selection is addressed by matching immigrants to otherwise similar natives and compatriots who did not migrate. The study finds limited evidence for the transmission of participation culture across borders, although certain home country characteristics continue influencing participation behaviour of individuals after migration: it is those from industrialized, net immigration, culturally more homogeneous countries who tend to participate more. On the other hand, the culture of current place of residence matters most in that by observing higher (lower) participation patterns among natives immigrants tend to participate more (less).
2007-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4594/1/MPRA_paper_4594.pdf
Aleksynska, Mariya (2007): Civic Participation of Immigrants: Culture Transmission and Assimilation.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4595
2019-09-26T08:38:30Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D46:4632:463232
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3135
7375626A656374733D4A:4A36:4A3631
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4595/
Attitudes Towards Immigrants and Relative Deprivation: The Case of a Middle-Income Country
Aleksynska, Mariya
F22 - International Migration
O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration
J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
This paper applies the concept of group relative deprivation to studying formation
of attitudes towards immigrants in a middle-income country’s setting. It finds that the
feeling of relative deprivation adversely affects the attitudes, even when the potential
endogeneity of relative deprivation is taken into account. Furthermore, relative
deprivation matters only for natives who subjectively underestimate their well-being, but
not for those who overestimate it. When considering other forms of natives’ perceived
disadvantage, such as in terms of employment, access to education or medical facilities,
there is a weak evidence that only perceived disadvantage in obtaining medical aid
negatively affects the attitudes.
2007-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4595/1/MPRA_paper_4595.pdf
Aleksynska, Mariya (2007): Attitudes Towards Immigrants and Relative Deprivation: The Case of a Middle-Income Country.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4697
2019-09-27T09:33:30Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4698
2020-01-01T14:24:08Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:4843
2019-09-29T15:40:18Z
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5181
2019-10-02T11:02:18Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36
7375626A656374733D4C:4C31
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5181/
Copyright-Based Industries in Arab Countries
Harabi, Najib
Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
The paper describes and explains empirically the economic performance of four key copyright-based industries (the book publishing, music sound recording, film production and software industries) in five Arab countries (Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon). Using the Porter (Diamond) model as its theoretical background, a survey was conducted in the years 2002-03 among 242 experts, covering firm representatives, industry and government experts. The results were incorporated into five national case studies. This paper synthesizes the results of those national reports, giving a comparative account of the performance of the four copyright-based industries in these Arab countries. The overall results of the study suggest that copyright-based industries in Arab countries are substantially underdeveloped, and there remains a great potential that should systematically be mobilized. A discussion of how this can be achieved is offered, based upon a well-designed and implemented process of upgrading and innovation in companies, industries and clusters related to copyright-based activities. Public policy can play in this process an important role.
2004-02-26
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5181/1/MPRA_paper_5181.pdf
Harabi, Najib (2004): Copyright-Based Industries in Arab Countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5182
2019-09-30T20:44:33Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3131
7375626A656374733D4C:4C36:4C3639
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5182/
Economic Performance Of the Arabic Book Translation Industry in Arab Countries
Harabi, Najib
Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
L69 - Other
Knowledge has always been at the heart of economic growth and development. It is disseminated chiefly through the different stages of education, R&D, the mass media and the translation industry. In Arab countries there has been a widespread impression that there is a low level of translation activities, which in turn has led to a low output of the translation industry in those countries. This paper addresses this issue; its overall objectives are (1) to describe the economic performance of the Arabic book translation industry in Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, and Syria; (2) to understand empirically the economic performance of that industry, the focus here being on qualitatively analyzing the major determinants (positive and negative factors) affecting the growth process of that industry; and (3) to provide policy makers and business leaders in the Arab region with theoretically sound and evidence-based advice on the issues analyzed in the project.
To provide an empirical base for answering those questions, both published data and fresh new data have been used. For the latter purpose, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted in the year 2005 among 190 experts, covering firm representatives and experts in industry and government. The Porter (Diamond) model has been used as a theoretical background. The empirical results were incorporated in five national case studies. This paper synthesizes the results of the national reports, giving a comparative account of the performance of the Arabic book translation industry in the five Arab countries.
The overall results suggest that the Arabic book translation industry in these Arab countries has not yet achieved the level of development of other developing and developed countries. Underperformance of the Arabic book translation industry is attributable to (among other factors) severe coordination failures. This is a state of affairs in which the inability of the different agents (translators, book publishers, suppliers, customers, and supporting organizations, state, and so forth) to coordinate their behavior (choices) leads to suboptimal outcomes. Since the economic performance of the translation industry often involves complementary investments whose return depends on other investments being made by other agents, coordination is crucial. Obviously, neither market forces nor the state have undertaken this coordination activity sufficiently. The Arabic book translation industry seems to suffer from both market failure and government failure.
In light of these results the Arabic book translation industry offers great economic potential that should be mobilized systematically in the future. This paper discusses how this can be achieved, based on a well-designed and implemented process of upgrading and innovation in companies, industries, and clusters related to translation activities. Public policy, properly understood and adequately implemented, can play an important role in this process.
To overcome, or at least to mitigate, some of the major coordination failures in the Arabic translation industry, it is necessary to select an existing pan-Arab nongovernmental organization (NGO) or to create a new one, whose mission would include two major groups of activities:
The first action would involve the coordination of activities on the supply side of the Arabic translation industry. This group of activities would encompass the following:
1. Improving the documentation of Arabic translation needs. This can be achieved by creating a regional Internet-based database that would constitute an information base on what has been translated, what is being translated, and what will be translated from foreign languages into Arabic.
2. Designing and implementing translation support programs (including providing financial means) on a sustainable basis. This would create and maintain a critical mass of translators and publishing companies.
3. Promoting translation quality assessment programs. This would mitigate the widely known problem of poor quality translation.
4. Designing and implementing training programs for translators and publishing companies involved in the translation business. This would increase the number of translators and improve the quality of translation activities.
5. Promoting networks among writers, translators, and publishers that facilitate contacts and create opportunities for new translation projects. Such additional communication channels would spur new project development.
All these measures are intended to strengthen the supply side of the translation industry in Arab countries.
The second action would involve the coordination of activities on the demand side of the Arabic translation industry. The suggested NGO should support readership surveys and promote reading programs. This can be done in collaboration with radio and television stations, print media, schools and universities, and so forth. These measures would help to identify the real needs of the reading public and enhance the culture of reading, especially among young people.
2007-02-27
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5182/1/MPRA_paper_5182.pdf
Harabi, Najib (2007): Economic Performance Of the Arabic Book Translation Industry in Arab Countries.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5193
2019-10-10T04:39:13Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3131
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433732
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5193/
Information externality in the arts and the public intervention: a brief note
Cellini, Roberto
Cuccia, Tiziana
Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
C72 - Noncooperative Games
The presence of information externality, and the consequent necessity of public intervention to amend the effect of market failure, has been deeply analysed in the case of scientific research. In this Note we argue that the same point is particularly appropriate also in the case of arts: the presence of information externality concerning the personal skills of artists can represent a valid reason to believe that purely private funding of arts is inefficient, and to call for public intervention in this sector.
2007-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5193/1/MPRA_paper_5193.pdf
Cellini, Roberto and Cuccia, Tiziana (2007): Information externality in the arts and the public intervention: a brief note.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5194
2019-10-03T07:46:25Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3131
7375626A656374733D43:4332:433232
7375626A656374733D46:4631:463133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5194/
Price of recreational products and the exchange rate: an empirical investigation on US data
Cellini, Roberto
Paolino, Alessandro
Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
C22 - Time-Series Models ; Dynamic Quantile Regressions ; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models ; Diffusion Processes
F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations
The paper analyses the cointegration relationships and the causal links between the exchange rate of the US Dollar, on the one side, and different price indices of US products on the other side. Data are of monthly frequency and cover a period of two or three decades. We show that the exchange rate cointegrate with the Consumer Price Index and with the prices indices of several agricultural, manufactured and service goods; moreover a one-direction causal link is present, running from price to exchange rate. On the opposite, cointegrating relationships between exchange rate and price indices do not exist in the case of recreational products with “cultural” content. Tentative theoretical explanations are proposed.
2007-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5194/1/MPRA_paper_5194.pdf
Cellini, Roberto and Paolino, Alessandro (2007): Price of recreational products and the exchange rate: an empirical investigation on US data.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5207
2019-10-03T04:47:46Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463531
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503438
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503437
7375626A656374733D4F:4F35:4F3535
7375626A656374733D46:4635:463539
7375626A656374733D46:4633:463335
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5207/
Togo: Failed election and misguided aid at the roots of economic misery
Kohnert, Dirk
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
F51 - International Conflicts ; Negotiations ; Sanctions
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
P48 - Political Economy ; Legal Institutions ; Property Rights ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Regional Studies
P47 - Performance and Prospects
O55 - Africa
F59 - Other
F35 - Foreign Aid
The holding of early parliamentary elections in Togo on October 14, 2007, most likely the first free and fair Togolese elections since decades, are considered internationally as a litmus test of despotic African regimes’ propensity to change towards democratization and economic prosperity. Western donors took Togo as model to test their approach of political conditionality of aid, which had been emphasised as corner stone of the joint EU-Africa strategy. Recent empirical findings on the linkage between democratization and economic performance in Western Africa are challenged because of lack of viable data. It is open to question, whether Togo’s expected economic consolidation and growth will be due to democratization of its institutions or to improved external environment, notably the growing competition between global players for African natural resources.
2007-10-08
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5207/1/MPRA_paper_5207.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (2007): Togo: Failed election and misguided aid at the roots of economic misery.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5363
2019-09-30T20:30:31Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D50:5031:503136
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3132
7375626A656374733D4E:4E34:4E3437
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503438
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3137
7375626A656374733D4F:4F31:4F3138
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5363/
Unternehmer und Grundherren Nord-Nigerias im Kampf um die politische Macht: Zum sozialen Aufstieg der einheimischen Wirtschaftselite in den nigerianischen Emiraten
Kohnert, Dirk
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
P16 - Political Economy
O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
N47 - Africa ; Oceania
P48 - Political Economy ; Legal Institutions ; Property Rights ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Regional Studies
O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements
O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure
The traditional relationship of patronage and clientship between the landlord- and the growing commercial class in Bida and other Nigerian Emirates - firmly established during the 19th century - left indelible marks which influence the pattern of social communication between these two classes even today. Up to the fifties of the present century there existed a strong interdependence between the landed aristocrats — dominant in government and Native Administration — and the rich merchant-traders who took up the burden to act as “ bankers" of the traditional leisured class in order to promote their own social status. The indigenous entrepreneurs gradually became more independent as the traditional rulers had to offer popular businessmen participation in political organisations to counteract the increasing resistance of the talakawa (the commoners) against the emirate system during the era of formal democracy (1954-1966). The national bourgeoisie of the North seized this opportunity to call for a higher degree of protection both against the more successful merchant-capital of the South and the powerful foreign companies which at that time dominated nearly all of the profitable sectors of investment either in trade or in industry. Far from being a fetter to the growth of a new class of Nigerian entrepreneurs, the traditionally minded landlords - side by side with the indigenous merchant-traders - secured a remarkably high degree of economic growth and independence during the past two decades in the North, compared with other parts of Nigeria.
1978-12
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5363/1/MPRA_paper_5363.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (1978): Unternehmer und Grundherren Nord-Nigerias im Kampf um die politische Macht: Zum sozialen Aufstieg der einheimischen Wirtschaftselite in den nigerianischen Emiraten. Published in: AFRIKA SPECTRUM , Vol. 13, No. (3) (December 1978): pp. 269-286.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5374
2019-09-27T16:27:40Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3130
7375626A656374733D43:4339
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31
7375626A656374733D41:4131:413133
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433930
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3139
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3132
7375626A656374733D43:4339:433931
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5374/
Measuring social capital with a myograph
Roberto, Censolo
Laila, Craighero
Luciano, Fadiga
Giovanni, Ponti
Leonzio, Rizzo
Z10 - General
C9 - Design of Experiments
Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology
A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
C90 - General
Z19 - Other
Z12 - Religion
C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
We study the behavior of 12 pairs of undergraduate students while they were involved in a simple coordination game requiring motor interaction. Three experimental conditions were defined according to whether a monetary prize was given to both or only one subject, if the couple was in successfully completing the required assignment.
Electromyographic potentials (EMG) were recorded from the right first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle, a muscle critically involved in the motor task. We also collected written answers from a standard questionnaire from which we constructed individual measures of Social Capital (SC), based on organized group interaction, religious and political
involvement. These measures are collected, by standard practice, to estimate individual pro-social attitudes and behavior.
Consistently with our simple behavioral model, by which EMG signals are direct measures of subjects’ personal concern (call it utility) associated to the given task, our evidence shows that EMG is increasing in the subjects’ own monetary reward. When we split the subject pool into two subsamples (according to various measures of Social Capital
obtained from the questionnaire), we find that monetary incentives explain the level of subjects’ EMG only in the subsample characterized by low SC, while, for subjects with (comparatively) higher SC, effort in the coordination task is much less sensitive to whether it is directly rewarded or not. This result is robust across the different SC index specifications. The present findings seem to support the possibility that an electrophysiological measure, such as EMG, could reveal the most profound attitudes and believes that guide social interaction, and that our relatively inexpensive and ready-to-use technology can back-up socio-economic research in a very effective way.
2006-06
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5374/1/MPRA_paper_5374.pdf
Roberto, Censolo and Laila, Craighero and Luciano, Fadiga and Giovanni, Ponti and Leonzio, Rizzo (2006): Measuring social capital with a myograph.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5377
2019-10-08T04:42:35Z
7374617475733D756E707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D43:4337:433739
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5377/
A note on Rubinstein's ``Why are certain properties of binary relations relatively more common in natural language?"
Beard, Rodney
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
C79 - Other
This note examines the complexity of complete transitive binary relations or
tournaments using Kolmogorov complexity. The complexity of tournaments
calculated using Kolmogorov complexity is then compared to minimally complex
tournaments defined in terms of the minimal number of examples needed to
describe the tournament. The latter concept is the concept of complexity
employed by Rubinstein [6] in his economic theory of language. A proof
of Rubinsein's conjecture on the complexity bound of natural language
tournaments is provided.
2001
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5377/1/MPRA_paper_5377.pdf
Beard, Rodney (2001): A note on Rubinstein's ``Why are certain properties of binary relations relatively more common in natural language?".
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5451
2019-10-18T16:53:56Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D44:4436:443633
7375626A656374733D50:5034:503438
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D50:5033:503337
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5451/
Zur Kluft zwischen Verfassungsgebung und Verfassungswirklichkeit im Demokratisierungsprozess Benins
Kohnert, Dirk
D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
P48 - Political Economy ; Legal Institutions ; Property Rights ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Regional Studies
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
P37 - Legal Institutions ; Illegal Behavior
The process of democratization in Benin has been praised as a model for the whole of francophone Africa. Initiated by an independent National-Conference the process of democratic renewal started with a bloodless coup of representatives of different groups of the civil society. Declared aims of this conference were, to guarantee basic human rights, to substitute the "Marxist" Kérékou-Regime by a democratic elected government, and to draft a new liberal-democratic constitution. Officially, each of these aims had been reached within one year. The new constitution was adopted through a referendum by a large majority of the population in December 1990. In the following four years the formal constitutional political structures, meant to guarantee the balance of power were implanted. However, the political elite which dominated the democratization process pursued a hidden agenda. Moreover, the liberalization of society and economy, propagated by the international donor community, had ambiguous effects. The growth of the market economy had it repercussions not just within the realm of the economy, e.g. privatisation, separation of factors of production, land, labour, and capital; creation of business- and professional organizations. The transformation from subsistence into a market-economy was equally important concerning restructuring the political landscape. The adoption of democratic concepts by the population, based on neo-liberal concepts of exchange of equivalents via the market, the notion of equal legal status of all citizens, equal competition of politicians and political parties, and achievement-orientation, led to high flying expectations, but at the same time to a commercialization of social and political relations, including venality. Besides, democratization in Benin - the cradle of "vodun" - was neatly interwoven with the realm of occult belief systems. Both within the economy and politics, the established ‘traditional’ rules of the informal sector dominated the political agenda of the ‘neo-patrimonial’ state. Gender- and class specific interests of decision makers exerted a decisive influence on the democratisation process.
1996
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5451/1/MPRA_paper_5451.pdf
Kohnert, Dirk (1996): Zur Kluft zwischen Verfassungsgebung und Verfassungswirklichkeit im Demokratisierungsprozess Benins. Published in: Nord-Sued aktuell , Vol. 1.1996, No. 1.1996 (1996): pp. 73-84.
de
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5566
2019-09-26T18:12:08Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D42:4231:423139
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3139
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5566/
An Ontology Of Economic Objects
Zuniga, Gloria L.
B19 - Other
Z19 - Other
Economic reality is constituted by economic objects such as goods, commodities, money, value, price, and exchange that, together, give rise to the complex entity known as the market. Each of these categories is governed by exact laws that provide the conditions for settling objectively whether individuals' views about an instance of any category indeed correspond to that category. This paper describes such laws for each category. The aim of this paper is to lay the groundwork for an ontological description of economic reality.
1999-04
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5566/1/MPRA_paper_5566.pdf
Zuniga, Gloria L. (1999): An Ontology Of Economic Objects. Published in: American Journal of Economics and Sociology , Vol. 58, No. 2 (April 1999): pp. 299-312.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5567
2019-09-26T22:54:14Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5567/
What is economic personalism? A phenomenological analysis
Zuniga, Gloria L.
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
Much like phenomenology, the philosophical movement of economic personalism has preceded its complete and clear awareness of itself as a philosophical position. This paper attempts to articulate what exactly this position is by employing realist phenomenology as its analytical tool. The organization of this paper consists of three parts. The first is a linguistic analysis of the names 'economics' and 'personalism' that attempts to arrive at a joint meaning of these terms. The second is a regressive inquiry from meaning to a priori apprehension, and this examination is aimed at making the essential nature of economic personalism perspicuous. The third presents the necessary and sufficient conditions for either conduct or a situation to quality as a object in the domain of economic personalism.
2001
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5567/1/MPRA_paper_5567.pdf
Zuniga, Gloria L. (2001): What is economic personalism? A phenomenological analysis. Published in: Journal of Markets and Morality , Vol. 4, No. 2 (2001): pp. 151-175.
en
oai:mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de:5568
2019-09-27T06:35:55Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D5A:5A31:5A3133
7375626A656374733D4E:4E30:4E3031
74797065733D7061706572
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5568/
Truth in Economic Subjectivism
Zuniga, Gloria L.
Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification
N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods
The notion of subjectivism has a significant place in the body of economic theory, most notably in the theory of economic value. There is, however, one concern that some philosophers have raised about truth in normative judgments that puts economic subjectivism seriously into question. This concern can be articulated as the following question: Do economic value judgments have truth values? The answer to this question is pertinent not only for an improved understanding of economic value but also for such philosophical investigations as realism, epistemology, ontology, and ethics. Nonetheless, the answer is not readily available in the body of economic theory. This paper argues that the truth or falsity of economic judgments can be settled objectively.
1998-10
MPRA Paper
NonPeerReviewed
application/pdf
en
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5568/1/MPRA_paper_5568.pdf
Zuniga, Gloria L. (1998): Truth in Economic Subjectivism. Published in: Journal of Markets and Morality , Vol. 1, No. 2 (October 1998): pp. 158-168.
en
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