Cao, Charles and Simin, Timothy and Xiao, Han (2019): Predicting the equity premium with the implied volatility spread. Forthcoming in: Journal of Financial Markets
PDF
MPRA_paper_103649.pdf Download (682kB) |
Abstract
We show that the call-put implied volatility spread (IVS) outperforms many well-known predictors of the U.S. equity premium at return horizons up to six months over the period from 1996:1 to 2017:12. The predictive ability of the IVS is unrelated to the dividend yield and is useful in explaining the cross-section of returns. Decomposing the IVS, we find the longer run predictive ability of the IVS operates primarily through a cash flow channel. We also find the IVS is significantly related to indicators of aggregate market direction and expected market conditions. Our results are consistent with the IVS reflecting market sentiment as well as information about informed trading.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | Predicting the equity premium with the implied volatility spread |
English Title: | Predicting the equity premium with the implied volatility spread |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | implied volatility spread, equity premium, prediction |
Subjects: | G - Financial Economics > G1 - General Financial Markets > G11 - Portfolio Choice ; Investment Decisions G - Financial Economics > G1 - General Financial Markets > G12 - Asset Pricing ; Trading Volume ; Bond Interest Rates G - Financial Economics > G1 - General Financial Markets > G17 - Financial Forecasting and Simulation |
Item ID: | 103651 |
Depositing User: | Han Xiao |
Date Deposited: | 22 Oct 2020 13:30 |
Last Modified: | 22 Oct 2020 13:30 |
References: | Allen, L., Bali, T. G., & Tang, Y. (2012). Does systemic risk in the financial sector predict future economic downturns? Review of Financial Studies, 25, 3000-3036. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhs094 An, B. J., Ang, A., Bali, T. G., & Cakici, N. (2014). The joint cross section of stocks and options. Journal of Finance, 69, 2279-2337. https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12181 Atilgan, Y., Bali, T. G., & Demirtas, K. O. (2015). Implied volatility spreads and expected market returns. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 33, 87-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/07350015.2014.923776 Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., & Davis, S. J. (2016). Measuring economic policy uncertainty. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131, 1593-1636. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw024 Baker, M., & Wurgler, J. (2006). Investor sentiment and the cross-section of stock returns. Journal of Finance, 61(4), 1645-1680. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.00885.x Bali, T. G., Cakici, N., & Chabi-Yo, F. (2015). A new approach to measuring riskiness in the equity market: Implications for the risk premium. Journal of Banking and Finance, 57, 101-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2015.03.005. Bali, T. G., & Hovakimian, A. (2009). Volatility spreads and expected stock returns. Management Science, 55, 1797-1812. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1090.1063. Bekaert, G., Hoerova, M., Lo Duca, M., (2013). Risk, uncertainty, and monetary policy. Journal of Monetary Economics, 60(7), 771-788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2013.06.003. Bessembinder, H., Chan, K., & Seguin, P. J. (1996). An empirical examination of information, differences of opinion, and trading activity. Journal of Financial Economics. 40, 105-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(95)00839-7. Bliss, R. R., & Panigirtzoglou, N. (2004). Option-implied risk aversion estimates. Journal of Finance, 59, 407-446. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2004.00637.x. Bollerslev, T., Marrone, J., Xu, L., & Zhou, H. (2014). Stock Return Predictability and Variance Risk Premia: Statistical Inference and International Evidence. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 49, 3, 633–661. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109014000453. Bollerslev, T., Tauchen, G., Zhou, H., (2009). Expected stock returns and variance risk premia. Review of Financial Studies 22, 4463–4492. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhp008. Bollerslev, T., & Todorov, V. (2011). Tails, fears, and risk premia. Journal of Finance, 66, 2165-2211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2011.01695.x. Brown, G., & Cliff, M. (2005). Investor Sentiment and Asset Valuation Journal of Business, 78(2), 405-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/427633. Campbell, J. Y., & Thompson, S. B. (2008). Predicting excess stock returns out of sample: Can anything beat the historical average?. Review of Financial Studies, 21, 1509-1531. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhm055. Campbell, J. Y., & Shiller, R. J. (1988). Stock prices, earnings, and expected dividends. Journal of Finance, 43, 661-676. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1988.tb04598.x. Chen, J., & Liu, Y., (2018). Bid and Ask Prices of Index Put Options: Which Predicts the Underlying Stock Returns? SSRN Working paper. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3285854. Christoffersen, P., Jacobs, K., & Chang, B. Y. (2013). Forecasting with option-implied information. In Handbook of economic forecasting (Vol. 2, pp. 581-656). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53683-9.00010-4. Chordia, T., A. Kurov, D. Muravyev, and A. Subrahmanyam, (2019), Index Option Trading Activity and Market Returns. Management Science, forthcoming. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2798390. Clark, T. E., & West, K. D. (2007). Approximately normal tests for equal predictive accuracy in nested models. Journal of Econometrics, 138, 291-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2006.05.023. Cremers, M., & Weinbaum, D. (2010). Deviations from put-call parity and stock return predictability. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 45, 335-367. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002210901000013X. Da, Z., Jagannathan, R., and Shen, J. (2014). Growth Expectations, Dividend Yields, and Future Stock Returns. NBER Working Paper. 10.3386/w20651. DeLong, J. B., A. Shleifer, L. H. Summers, and R. J. Waldmann. (1990). Noise trader risk in financial markets. Journal of Political Economy 98:703–38. https://doi.org/10.1086/261703. Dew-Becker, I., Giglio, S., & Kelly, B. (2019). Hedging Macroeconomic and Financial Uncertainty and Volatility., Yale ICF Working Paper. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3284790. Diebold, F. X., & Mariano, R. S. (2002). Comparing predictive accuracy. Journal of Business Economics and Statistics 20, 134-144. DOI: 10.1080/07350015.1995.10524599. Doran, J. S., Fodor, A., & Jiang, D. (2013). Call-put implied volatility spreads and option returns. Review of Asset Pricing Studies, 3, 258-290. https://doi.org/10.1093/rapstu/rat006. Easley, D., O'Hara, M., & Srinivas, P. (1998). Option Volume and Stock Prices: Evidence on Where Informed Traders Trade. Journal of Finance, 53(2), 431-465. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.194060. Ferson, W. E., Sarkissian, S., & Simin, T. (2003). Spurious regressions in financial economics?. Journal of Finance. 58, 1393-1413. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6261.00571. Feunou, B., Fontaine, J., Taamouti, A., & Tédongap, R., (2012). Risk Premium, Variance Premium and the Maturity Structure of Uncertainty. Review of Finance, 18 (1), 219-269. https://doi.org/10.1093/rof/rft004. Gabaix, X. (2012). Variable rare disasters: An exactly solved framework for ten puzzles in macro-finance. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 127, 645-700. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjs001. Greenwood, R., & Shleifer, A. (2014). Expectations of returns and expected returns. Review of Financial Studies. 27, 714-746. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hht082. Goyal, A. & Welch, I. (2008). A comprehensive look at the empirical performance of equity premium prediction. Review Financial Studies 21, 1455-1508. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhm014. Gujarati, D.N. (2003) Basic Econometrics. 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York. Hollstein, F., Prokopczuk, M., Tharann, B., & Wese Simen, C., (2019). Predicting the equity market with option-implied variables. European Journal of Finance, 25, 10, 937-965. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2018.1556176. Hong, H., & Stein, J. C. (2007). Disagreement and the stock market. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21, 109-128. DOI: 10.1257/jep.21.2.109. Huang, D., Jiang, F., Tu, J., & Zhou, G. (2015). Investor sentiment aligned: A powerful predictor of stock returns. Review of Financial Studies, 28(3), 791-837. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhu080. Jurado, K., Ludvigson, S. C., & Ng, S. (2015). Measuring uncertainty. American Economic Review, 105, 1177-1216. DOI: 10.1257/aer.20131193. Kelly, B., & Jiang, H. (2014). Tail risk and asset prices. Review of Financial Studies. 27, 2841-2871. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhu039. Ludvigson, S. C., & Ng, S. (2015). The empirical risk–return relation: A factor analysis approach. Journal of Financial Economics, 83, 171-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.12.002. Newey, W. K., & West, K. D. (1987). A Simple, Positive Semi-Definite, Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix. Econometrica, 55, 703-708. DOI: 10.2307/1913610. Nelson, C. & Kim, M. (1993). Predictable Stock Returns: The Role of Finite sample Bias. Journal of Finance, 48, 641-661. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1993.tb04731.x. Pástor, Ľ., & Stambaugh, R. F. (2003). Liquidity risk and expected stock returns. Journal of Political Economy, 111, (3), 642-685. https://doi.org/10.1086/374184. Rapach, D. E., Ringgenberg, M. C., & Zhou, G. (2016). Short interest and aggregate stock returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 121, 46-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2016.03.004. Rapach, D. E., Strauss, J. K., & Zhou, G. (2010). Out-of-sample equity premium prediction: Combination forecasts and links to the real economy. Review of Financial Studies. 23, 821-862. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhp063. So, R., Driouchi, T. & Trigeorgis, L., (2016). Option Market Ambiguity, Excess Returns and the Equity Premium. SSRN Working paper. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2663317. Stambaugh, R. F. (1999). Predictive regressions. Journal of Financial Economics, 54, 375-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(99)00041-0. West, K. D. (1996). Asymptotic inference about predictive ability. Econometrica, 64, 1067-1084. DOI: 10.2307/2171956. Xing, Y., Zhang, X., & Zhao, R. (2010). What does the individual option volatility smirk tell us about future equity returns?. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 45(3), 641-662. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109010000220. Zhou, H., (2018). Variance risk premia, asset predictability puzzles, and macroeconomic uncertainty. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 10, 481-497. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110217-022737. |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/103651 |