International Remittances Literature: A Study in Bangladesh during the period of 1971-2020

Khan, Adnan and Mrs, Sultana (2021): International Remittances Literature: A Study in Bangladesh during the period of 1971-2020. Published in: International Journal of Migration Research and Development , Vol. 7, No. 1 (2021): pp. 1-9.

Abstract

Remittance has become a major contributor to the Bangladeshi economy. As the emigrant workers from Bangladesh gradually increased over the years, the amount of annual remittance to the country significantly rose. In 1974, Wage Earners' Scheme was initiated in order to help the Non-resident Bangladeshis remit their earnings home through legal channels. The scheme soon became popular among the Bangladeshis working abroad. Some $11.8 million was remitted to Bangladesh in the fiscal year of 1974–75. The amount rose to over $350 million in the fiscal year of 1980-81 and to over $750 million in the fiscal year of 1990–91. Remittance is sent formally through various ways such as demand draft, traveler's check, telegraphic transfer, postal order, direct transfer, Automatic Teller Machine. etc. Hundi or money carrier system is prevalent as informal process of remittance sending in most cases. The most popular reasons behind the preference towards Hundi system is the absence of any transaction charges, its fast delivery and the opportunity to maintain confidentiality. This research paper is designed to provide an illustrated account of what kind of research has been done on these remittances at home and abroad over the past fifty years.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: remittances, migration, expatriate, diaspora, temporary, workers, labour, literature
• Subjects: J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers; J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers > J60 - General; J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers > J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility ; Immigrant Workers; J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers > J69 - Other

References

Afsar, R. (2003). Dynamics of Poverty, Development and Population Mobility: The Bangladesh Case. Ad Hoc Expert Group Meeting on Migration and Development, Organised by ESCAP, Bangkok, 27-29 August.

Afsar, R., Yunus, M., & Islam, S. (2000). Are migrants chasing after the Golden Deer: A study on cost benefit analysis of overseas migration by Bangladeshi Labour, IOM.

Ahmed, H. A., & Uddin, M. G. S. (2009). Export, Imports, Remittance and Growth in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis. Trade and Development Review, 2(2), 79-92.

Ahmed, M. S. (2010). Migrant Workers Remittance and Economic Growth: Evidence from Bangladesh. ASA University Review, 4(1), 1-13.

Ahmed, R., Saha, J. K., Begum, M., & Haque, M. S. (2018). Impact of foreign remittances on household welfare in Sylhet Region of Bangladesh. Journal of Business and Economic Management, 6(2), 22-32.

Ahmed, S. M. (2012). Migration Remittance and Housing Development: Contribution of International Labor Migration and Remittance to Migrant Sending Households in Rural Bangladesh. Master Thesis, Lund University.

Ahmad, Q. K., & Zohora, F. (1997). Utilization of Remittances from Abroad for Local Employment Promotion: The Case of Sylhet. ILO, BUP, Dhaka.

Akter, S. (2016). Remittance inflows and its contribution to the economic growth of Bangladesh. J Modern Soc. Cult. Res., Niigata University Graduate School of Contemporary Social Culture, 62(3), 215-245.

Ali, M. A. (2014). Socio-economic impact of foreign remittance in Bangladesh. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 14(5), 44-54.

Al Hasan, R. (2006). Harnessing Remittances for Economic Development of Bangladesh. Working Paper Series No. 1, INAFI, April 30.

Al-Mukit, D. M., Shafiullah, A. Z. M., & Sajib, A. H. (2013). Determination of causality between remittance and import: evidence from Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Social Science Research, 3(3), 55-62.

Azad, A. K. (2004). Migrant Workers’ Remittances: Can it be a Source of Finance for Micro-Enterprise Development in Bangladesh? Paper presented at Asia Pacific Regional Micro Credit Summit Meeting of Councils, Dhaka, Bangladesh, February 16–19.

Azam, M., Haseeb, M., & Samsuddin, S. (2016). The impact of foreign remittances on poverty alleviation: global evidence. Interdisciplinary Approach to Economics and Sociology, 9(1), 264-281.

Bahar, Habibullah, Abdul Awwal Sarker and Ballal Hossain. 2006. “The Flow of Workers’ Remittances in Bangladesh:Performance, Challenges and Policy Options.” Draft Working Paper, Bangladesh Bank, Dhaka.

Barai, M. K. (2012). Development dynamics of remittances in Bangladesh. SAGE Open.

Barkat, A., Osman, A., & Gupta, S. K. (2014a). In the Corridors of Remittance: Cost and Use of Remittances in Bangladesh. International Labour Organization (ILO) Country Office for Bangladesh, Dhaka.

Barua, S., Majumdar, M. A., & Akhtaruzzaman, M. (2007). Determinants of Workers' Remittances in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study. MPRA Paper No. 15080. Munich, Germany.

Beaudouin, P. Y. (2006) Economic Impact of Migration on a Rural Area in Bangladesh. Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne, Université de Paris.Avaiable at: http://dse.univr.it/espe/documents/ Papers /G/5/G5_1.pdf

Bruyn, T., & Wets, J. (2006). Remittances and Development. Conference Report on Migration and Development, International Organization for Migration (IOM).

Bruyn, T., & Kuddus, U. (2005). Dynamics of Remittance Utilization in Bangladesh. No. 18. IOM Migration Research Series. Geneva: International Organization 69for Migration, January.

Buchenau, J. (2008). Migration, Remittances and Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh Report and Proposal. UNDP-Bangladesh Migration and Remittances 080120.doc, January.

Chowdhury, I. A. (2014). Impacts of remittance on the socioeconomic condition of Bangladesh: an analysis. Innovative Issues and Approaches in Social Sciences, 7(3), 23-43.

Chowdhury, K. A. (1992). The Impact of Foreign Remittances on the Receiving and Non-receiving Households in a Bangladesh Village. South Asian Anthropologist, 13(1), 37-42.

Chowdhury, M. (2015). Households’ characteristics and the modes of remittances in Bangladesh. Journal of Developing Areas, 49(4), 167–195.

Chowdhury, M. B., & Rabbi, F. (2014). Workers' remittances and Dutch disease in Bangladesh. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 23(4), 455-475.

Chowdhury, M. B. (2011). Remittances flow and financial development in Bangladesh. Economic Modelling, 28(6), 2600–2608.

Chowdhury, K. R., Hamid, F., & Chatterjee, D. D. (2010). Remittance as a tool of economic development: Bangladesh perspective. Bangladesh Research Publications Journal, 4(3), 286–296.

Das, A., & Chowdhury, A. (2011). Remittances and GDP Dynamics in 11 Developing Countries: Evidence from Panel Cointegration and PMG Technique. Romanian Economic Journal, 14, 3–24.

Datta, K., & Sarkar, B. (2014). Relationship between Remittances and Economic Growth in Bangladesh: An Econometric Study. Bangladesh Development Research Working Paper Series (BDRWPS), BDRWPS 19.

Farid, K., Mozumdar, L., Kabir, M., & Hossain, K. (2009). Trends in international migration and remittance flows: Case of Bangladesh. Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural University, 7(2), 387-394.

Ghelli, N. (2018). Reducing poverty through migration in Bangladesh. BORGEN Magazine. Retrieved from: http://www.borgenmagazine.com/reducing-povertythrough-migration-bangladesh/.

Haider, M. Z., Hossain, T., & Siddiqui, O. I. (2016). Impact of remittance on consumption and savings behavior in rural areas of Bangladesh. Journal of Business, 1(4), 25-34.

Haque, F. (2006). General Overview of Inflow of Remittance in Bangladesh Economy. Internship Report, Independent University, Bangladesh.

Hassan, G, & Mark, H. (2013). Remittances and the Real Effective Exchange Rate. Applied Economics, 45, 4959–70.

Hassan, G., & Shakur, S. (2017). Nonlinear effects of remittances on per capita GDP growth in Bangladesh. Economies, 5 (3), 25.

Hassan, G. M., Chowdhury, M., & Bhuyan, M. (2016). Growth effects of remittances in Bangladesh: Is there a U‐shaped relationship?. International Migration, 54(5), 105-121.

Hasan, R. A. (2006). Harnessing remittances for economic development of Bangladesh. Working Paper Series No.1. INAFI Bangladesh: Dhaka.

Hatemi-J, A., & Uddin, G. S. (2014). On the causal nexus of remittances and poverty reduction in Bangladesh. Applied Economics, 46(1), 374-382.

Higuchi, N. (2007). Remittances, investments and social mobility among Bangladeshi and Iranian returnees from Japan. In: Proceedings for the 8th Asia and Pacific Migration Research Network Conference on Migration, Development and Poverty Reduction.

IOM (2010). The Bangladesh Remittance Households Survey 2009 Summary Report. Dhaka: IOM.

IOM (2009). Remittances: Definition, Scale, and Importance of Remittances.

Islam, M. A., & Rayhan, M. I. (2016). Impact of remittances on poverty: an analysis of developing countries. Global Journal of Quantitative Science, 3(4), 9-13.

Islam, N. (2011). Bangladesh Expatriate Workers and their Contribution to National Development. Dhaka: Bangladesh Manpower Employment and Training.

Kibria, N. (2011b). Working hard for the money: Bangladesh faces challenges of large-scale labor migration. Migration Information Source, August. Washington: Migration Policy Institute.

Khan, Z. S., & Islam, S. (2013). The effects of remittances on inflation: evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Economics and Business Research, 19(2), 198-208.

Khan, M. W. R., (2008). The Micro Level Impact of Foreign Remittances on Incomes in Bangladesh: A Measurement Approach Using the Propensity Score. Centre for Policy Dialogue: Dhaka.

Khandker, S. R., Koolwal, G. B., & Samad, H. A. (2010). Handbook on Impact Evaluation: Quantitative Methods and Practices, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/the World Bank.

Kuddus, U. M. (2003). Channeling Diaspora Remittance into the Securities Market of Bangladesh, internship report for IOM, Institute of Business Administration, University of Dhaka, Dhaka.

Kumar, B. (2019). The impact of international remittances on poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. Remittances Review, 4 (1), 67-86.

Kumar, B., Hossain, M. E., & Osmani, M. A. G. (2018). Utilization international remittances in Bangladesh. Remittances Review, 3 (1), 5-18.

Kumari, R., & Shamim, I. (2010). Gender Dimensions of International Migration from Bangladesh and India: Socio Economic Impact on Families Left Behind. Available at: http://www.saneinetwork.net/Files/10_07___Ranjana_Kumari.pd

Mahmud, H. (2017). Social determinants of remitting practices among Bangladeshi migrants in Japan. Sociological Perspectives 60 (1), 95-112.

Mahmud, H. (2014). It’s my money: Social class and the perception of remittance among Bangladeshi migrants in Japan. Current Sociology, 62(3), 418-430.

Mahmud, W., & Osmani, S. R. (1980). Impact of Emigrant Worker’s Remittance on the Bangladesh Economy. Bangladesh Development 8(3).

Mahmood, R. A. (1991). International Migration and Development: Untapped Potentials for Bangladesh. Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies, 12(4), 526-557.

Mahmood, R. (1991). Employment of Bangladeshis Abroad and Uses of Their Remittances. A report prepared for the Planning Commission, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh.

Majumder, S. C. (2016). Inflation and its impacts on the economic growth of Bangladesh. American Journal of Marketing Research, 2(1), 17-26.

Mamun, K. & Nath, H. K. (2010). Workers' migration and remittances in Bangladesh. Journal of Business Strategies, 27(1), 29-52.

Mannan, K. A. (2020). The Theory of Matriarchism: The Universal Origin of Human. Asian Journal of Indigenous Studies, 6(1), 22-53.

Mannan, K. A. (2017a). Remittance model: a study of developing country in Bangladesh. International Research Journal of Business and Social Science, 3 (3), 35-50.

Mannan, K. A. (2017b). Macro determinants of remittance: Relationship between remittance and economic growth in Bangladesh. International Research Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(2), 35-44.

Mannan, K. A. (2017c). Motivations for Remittances: A Study of Rural Bangladesh Migrants in Italy. International Journal of Migration and Development, 3(2), 38-41.

Mannan, K. A. (2015). Determinants and socioeconomic impacts of migrant remittances: A study of rural Bangladeshi migrants in Italy. DBA Thesis, Southern Cross University, NSW, Australia.

Mannan, K. A., & Fredericks, L. J. (2015). Determinants and socioeconomic impact of remittances between Bangladesh and Italy: A multivariate analysis of religion of rural households. International Research Journal of Business and Social Science, 1(1), 22-42.

Mannan, K. A., & Farhana, K. M. (2015a). ‘Determinants of remittances in rural Bangladesh: An econometric analysis of the educational attainments of the household members. Research Journal of Social Science and Management, 4(12), 177-198.

Mannan, K. A., & Farhana, K. M. (2015b). An arithmetic analysis of Bangladeshi sending migrants stock and remittance per capita in Malaysia. Research Journal of Social Science and Management, 4(10), 146-16.

Mannan, K. A., & Farhana, K. M. (2015c). Household unit analysis of remittance determinants from Italy to Bangladesh: A study of Shariatpur District, Vogeshore Union. Research Journal of Social Science and Management, 4(9), 159-173.

Mannan, K. A., & Farhana, K. M. (2014a). Socio-economic impact of remittances from Italy: An empirical study of rural household head relation to the migrant in Bangladesh. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 3(12), 17-29.

Mannan, K. A., & Farhana, K. M. (2014b). Micro determinants of international remittances: A household unit analysis of marital status of rural household members in Bangladesh. Research Journal of Social Science and Management, 4(8), 47-61.

Mannan, K. A., & Farhana, K. M. (2014c). Socio-economic impact of remittances in rural Bangladesh: A unit analysis of the age of household head. Research Journal of Social Science and Management, 4(7), 100-118.

Mannan, K. A., & Farhana, K. M. (2014d). Rural household employment status and remittance inflows from Italy. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 3(9), 76-89.

Mannan, K. A., & Farhana, K. M. (2014e). Remittance Micro Determinants and Socioeconomic Impacts: A Household Unit Analysis of Gender Behaviour of Rural Household Head in Bangladesh. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 3(7), 81-93.

Mannan, K. A., Farhana, K. M., & Chowdhury, T. A. K. (2014). Rural Household Contribution to the Financial and Capital Market in Bangladesh: A Micro Level Study of Remittances from Italy. International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research. 3(10), 112- 122.

Mannan, K. A., & Wei, G. K. (2009). How Do Migrants’ Choice of Remittance Channel? The Case of Bangladesh. Asian Migration and Diaspora Studies, 15(2), 33-56.

Mannan, K. A., & Wei, G. K. (2008). Why Remit? The Case of Bangladesh. Asian Migration and Diaspora Studies, 14(2), 55-75.

Mannan, K. A., & Wei, G. K. (2007). Who Remits? The Case of Bangladesh. Asian Migration and Diaspora Studies, 13(2), 43-60.

Mannan, K. A., & Wei, G. K. (2006). International Remittances, Household Spending, and Investment: A Case Study of Bangladesh. Asian Migration and Diaspora Studies, 12(2), 36-54.

Mannan, K. A., & Kozlov, V. V. (2005). The Impact of Remittances on Labour Force in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis of Labour Participation and Employment. Russian Management Journal, 16(2), 51-74.

Mannan, K. A., & Krueger, A. O. (2004). The Impact of Remittances on Household: An Empirical Study on the Bangladeshi Diaspora in United Kingdom. Russian Journal of Economic and Social Science, 12(2), 48-74.

Masuduzzaman, M. (2014). Workers' remittance inflow, financial development and economic growth: a study on Bangladesh. International Journal Economics and Finance, 6(8), 247-267.

Murshid, K. A. S., Iqbal, K., & Ahmed, M. (2002). A study on remittance inflows and utilization. IOM. Regional Office for South Asia. Dhaka.

Orozco, M. (2010). Migration, Remittances and Assets in Bangladesh: Considerations about Their Intersection and Development Policy Recommendations. Dhaka: International Organization for Migration, Regional Office for South Asia.

Osmani, S. R. (2016a). .Migration and Remittances in Rural Bangladesh: A Study of Market Failure. London: International Growth Centre.

Osmani, S. R. (2016b). Migration and Remittances in Rural Bangladesh: A Study of Market Failure. Belfast, UK: Ulster University.

Osmani, S. R., & Latif, M. A. (2013). The pattern and determinants of poverty in rural Bangladesh: 2000-2010. Bangladesh Development Studies, 36(2), 1-40.

Paul, B. P., & Das, A. (2011). The Remittance-GDP Relationship in the Liberalized Regime of Bangladesh: Cointegration and Innovation Accounting. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 18(9), 41-60.

Peach, C. (1990). Estimating the growth of the Bangladeshi population of Great Britain. New Community, 16 (4), 481-91.

Pradhan, M. A., & Khan, G. U. (2015). Role of Remittance for improving quality of life: Evidence from Bangladesh. Turkish Economic Review, 2(3), 160.

Quibria M. G. (1986). Migrant Workers and Remittances: Issues for Asian Developing Countries. Asian Development Review, 4.

Quibria, M. G., & Thant, M. (1988). International labour migration, emigrants' remittances and asian developing countries: economic analysis and policy issues. In M. Dulta (ed.) Research in Asian Economic Studies. Greenwich, Connecticut: Jal Press: 287-311.

Rahman, M. H., Majumder, S. C., & Hossain, M. N. (2020). The Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Export and Import in Bangladesh. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 9(2), 411-424.

Rahman, M. M. (1999). The Impact of Asian Economic Crisis on Migrant Workers: The Case of Bangladeshi Workers in Singapore. Working Paper, 147, Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore.

Rahman, M. M., & Yeoh, B. S. A. (2008). The social organization of Hundi: the remittance transfer from East and Southeast Asia to Bangladesh. Asian Population Studies, 4(1), 5-29.

Rahman, M., & Rahman, M. (2008). Impact of migration on Bangladesh economy: A critical analysis. Europe, 727(56.1), 7.7.

Raihan, S., Khondker, B. H., Sugiyarto, G., & Jha, S. (2009). Remittances and household welfare: a case study of Bangladesh. Manila: Asian Development Bank, ADB working paper. No. 189.

Rao, B. B., & Hassan, G. M. (2012). Are the direct and indirect growth effects of remittances significant?. The World Economy, 35(3), 351-372.

Rashid, S. R. (2016). Gendered practices of remittances in Bangladesh: A postculturist perspective. Working Paper 42, Migrating out of Poverty, University of Sussex.

Regmi, M., & Paudel, K. P. (2016). Impact of remittance on food security in Bangladesh. Frontiers of Economics and Globalization, 16, 145-158.

Salim, R. A. (1992). Overseas remittances in Bangladesh: Importance, potentialities and policy options. Jahangirnagar Review, Part II, Social Science XIII & XIV, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka.

Sarkar, M. S. K., Rahman, M. Z., Islam, M. M., Sikdar, M. M. H., & Khan, A. B. (2018). Relationship between Remittance and Economic Growth: Evidence from Bangladesh. American Journal of Trade and Policy, 5(1), 15-20.

Sayan, S. (2006). Business Cycles and Workers’ Remittances: How Do Migrant Workers Respond to Cyclical Movements of GDP at Home?. IMF Working Paper: WP/06/52.

Siddiqui, T. (2016). International Labour Migration and Remittances. in Riaz Rahman, S.M. (Eds.) Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Bangladesh, New York: Routledge.

Siddiqui, T. (2004b). Efficiency of migrant workers’ remittance: the Bangladesh case. Asian Development Bank, Manila.

Siddiqui, T., & Abrar, C. R. (2001a). Migrant worker remittances and micro-finance in Bangladesh. Social finance programme. Working paper No. 38. RMMRU and International Labour Office.

Siddiqui, T., & Abrar, C. R. (2001b). Migrant Workers’ Remittances and Micro-finance Institutions. ILO.

Stahl, C. W., & Habib. A. (1989). The Impact of Workers’ Remittances on Indigenous Industries: Evidence from Bangladesh. The Developing Economies, 27 (3), 269-285.

Stevanovic, N. (2012). Remittances and moral economies of Bangladeshi New York immigrants in light of the economic crisis. Doctoral Dissertation, Columbia University: New York.

Taguchi, H., & Lama, B. (2016). Do Emigrant’s Remittances Cause “Dutch Disease”?: The Case of Nepal and Bangladesh. Research in Applied Economics, 8(4), 1-15.

Ullah, A. K. M. A., & Panday, P. K. (2006). Remitting money to Bangladesh: what do migrants prefer?. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 16(1), 121-37.

Wadood, S. N., & Hossain, A. (2017). Microeconomic impact of remittances on household welfare: Evidence from Bangladesh. Business and Economic Horizons (BEH), 13(1), 10-29.

Zamir, Z. B. (2006). Migrant Workers‟ Contribution in Malaysian Economy. Bangladesh: Cosmic Publishers.