Lambert, Thomas (2021): US Gambling Stagnation: Will New Gambling Forms Make a Difference?
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_108549.pdf Download (651kB) | Preview |
Abstract
Much has been written recently in the popular press about the rise of sports gambling, historical horse racing or instant racing (HHR), and esports. However, despite this, some note an overall decline in the popularity of gambling and gaming in general as horse racing (pari-mutuel) wagering has declined dramatically over the decades and as casino and lottery revenues have fallen slightly since before the Great Recession. This exploratory research note examines the trends in US gambling over the last several decades and explores whether the new forms of gambling will stem and reverse overall gambling stagnation in the United States. Despite reports of new gambling outlet successes, it appears that sports gambling, HHR, and esports have not done much to stop the overall fall in gambling revenues. This is probably due to stagnant disposable personal income growth.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | US Gambling Stagnation: Will New Gambling Forms Make a Difference? |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | betting, casinos, esports, gambling, horse racing, lotteries, parimutuel wagering, sports gambling |
Subjects: | Z - Other Special Topics > Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology > Z19 - Other |
Item ID: | 108549 |
Depositing User: | Thomas Lambert |
Date Deposited: | 05 Jul 2021 06:22 |
Last Modified: | 05 Jul 2021 06:22 |
References: | American Gaming Association. 2020. State of the States 2020. Published by American Gaming Association. https://www.americangaming.org/resources/state-of-the-states-2020/ . Accessed on June 27, 2021. American Gaming Association. 2021. Interactive Map: Sports Betting in the U.S. https://www.americangaming.org/research/state-gaming-map/ . Accessed on June 22, 2021. Associated Press, “Horse racing weighs changes to compete with sports gambling”, May 1, 2019, USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/horseracing/2019/05/01/horse-racing-weighs-changes-to-compete-with-sports-gambling/39428431/ . Accessed on December 25, 2019. Bokunewicz, Janet. 2016. Millennial Entertainment Preferences Study Final Report—July 2016. Lloyd D. Levinson Institute of Gaming, Hospitality, and Tourism, Stockton University, Stockton, NJ. https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3111163-Millenial-Entertainment-Preferences-FINAL-REPORT.html . Accessed on June 27, 2021. Canon, Maria E., Marianna Kudlyak , Peter Debbaut. 2013. “A Closer Look at the Decline in the Labor Force Participation Rate.” The Regional Economist. October 2013. Published by the US Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Collins, Peter. 2003. Gambling and the Public Interest. Westport, CT: Praeger Press. Dadayan, Lucy and Robert B. Ward. 2011. “Back in the Black: States’ Gambling Revenues Rose in 2010.” June 23, 2011. Albany, NY: Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government. Accessed August 15, 2011. http://www.rockinst.org/pdf/government_finance/2011-06-23-Back_in_the_Black.pdf . Accessed on June 25, 2021. Eadington, William, R. 1999. "The Economics of Casino Gambling." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 13 (3): 173-192.DOI: 10.1257/jep.13.3.173 . Accessed on June 27, 2021. Fields, W.C. 1880-1946. AZQuotes. https://www.azquotes.com/author/4795-W_C_Fields . Accessed on June 27, 2021. Guell, Robert C. 2010. “Chapter 43: The Economic Impact of Casino Gambling,” Issues in Economics Today, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill Publishers. New York, New York. Steven F. Hipple, “Labor force participation: what has happened since the peak?,” Monthly Labor Review, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, September 2016, https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2016.43 . Accessed on June 25, 2021. Hwang, Jeff. 2015. “The Millennial Problem: Why We (Don’t) Gamble.” The Motley Fool. https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/09/19/the-millennial-problem-why-we-dont-gamble.aspx . Accessed on June 25, 2021. IBISWorld. December 22, 2020. Market size of the casino hotel sector in the United States from 2011 to 2020, with a forecast for 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars) [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved June 22, 2021, from https://www-statista-com.echo.louisville.edu/statistics/1174152/casino-hotels-industry-market-size-us/ Kentucky Horse Racing Commission. 2019. 2019 Fiscal Year Pari-Mutuel Wagering Reports. https://khrc.ky.gov/new_docs.aspx?cat=76&menuid=80 . Accessed on June 22, 2021. Lambert, Thomas E. 2021. “Kentucky and the Thoroughbred Industries: Prospects and Challenges as Gambling Stagnates” (2021). Faculty Scholarship. 517. https://ir.library.louisville.edu/faculty/517 . Accessed on June 23, 2021. Lawrence, Robert G. and Richard Thalheimer. 1999. “An Economic Analysis of the Effects of Casino Gambling on the Kentucky Horse Race Industry.” In The Business of Gaming: Economic and Management Issues, William R. Eadington and Judy A. Cornelius, Eds. Reno, NV: Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming, University of Nevada at Reno. Legal Sports Report. 2018-2021. US Sports Betting Revenue and Handle. https://www.legalsportsreport.com/sports-betting/revenue/ Accessed on June 2021. Liptak, Adam and Kevin Draper. 2018. “Supreme Court Ruling Favors Sports Betting.” The New York Times, May 14,2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/14/us/politics/supreme-court-sports-betting-new-jersey.html . Accessed on June 7, 2021. Madhusudhan, Ranjana G. 1996. Betting on Casino Revenues: Lessons From State Experiences, National Tax Journal, 49:3, pp. 401-12. Marionneau, V., & Nikkinen, J. 2018. Market Cannibalization Within and Between Gambling Industries : A Systematic Review. Journal of Gambling Issues, 37, January 2018: 1-35. Navin, John C., and Timothy S. Sullivan. 2007. Do Riverboat Casinos Act as Competitors? A Look at the St. Louis Market.” Economic Development Quarterly. 21 (1): 49–59. Nichols, M.W. 1998. Deregulation and Cross-Border Substitution in Iowa’s Riverboat Gambling Industry. J Gambl Stud 14, 151–172 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023046809126 . Philander, K. S. (2011). The Effect of Online Gaming on Commercial Casino Revenue. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 15(2). Retrieved from https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/grrj/vol15/iss2/5 . Accessed on June 27, 2021. Srinivasan, A.K. and Lambert, T.E. (2017), The Impact of Stagnating Casino Revenues on State and Local Governments Tax Receipts. Public Budgeting & Finance, 37: 26-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbaf.12123 . Thalheimer, R., and M. M. Ali. 1995. “The Demand for Parimutuel Horse Race Wagering and Attendance” Management Science, v41, 129-143. Thalheimer, R., and M. M. Ali. 2003. “The Demand for Casino Gaming” Applied Economics, v35,907-918. Thalheimer, R., & Ali, M. 2008. “Pari-Mutuel Horse Race Wagering—Competition from Within and Outside the Industry.” In Handbook of Sports and Lottery Markets, Hausch Donald B. and William T. Ziemba, eds. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Publishers. US Census Bureau. 1960-2019. “Population and Housing Unit Estimates Datasets.” https://www-census-gov.echo.louisville.edu/programs-surveys/popest/data/data-sets.All.html Accessed on June 25, 2021. U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1998-2018, Total Revenue for Casinos Excluding Casino Hotels, Establishments Subject to Federal Income Tax, Employer Firms [REVEF71321TAXABL], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/REVEF71321TAXABL , Accessed on June 21, 2021. US Bureau of the Census. 1929-2020. Population and Housing Unit Estimates. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data.html . Accessed on June 22, 2021. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1930 to 2020, Real Disposable Personal Income: Per Capita [A229RX0], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/A229RX0 , Accessed on June 21, 2021. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 1959-2020. Table 2.4.5U. National Income and Product Accounts, Personal Consumption Expenditures by Type of Product, https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=19&step=3&isuri=1&1921=underlying&1903=2017#reqid=19&step=3&isuri=1&1921=underlying&1903=2017 . Accessed on June 21, 2021. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 1959-2020. Table 2.1. Personal Income and Its Disposition, https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=19&step=3&isuri=1&1921=survey&1903=58#reqid=19&step=3&isuri=1&1921=survey&1903=58 . Accessed on June 21, 2021. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1959 to 2020. Personal consumption expenditures: Services: Gambling [DGAMRC1A027NBEA], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DGAMRC1A027NBEA, Accessed on June 21, 2021. US Bureau of Labor Statistics. No date. “Consumer Price Index US City Average (1982-84 = 100).” https://www.bls.gov/regions/new-england/data/consumerpriceindex_us_table.htm . Accessed on June 25, 2021. US Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1959-2020. Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey. Series Id: LNS11324887, Seasonally Adjusted, Series title: (Seas) Labor Force Participation Rate - 16-24 yrs. Labor force status: Civilian labor force participation rate https://data.bls.gov/PDQWeb/ln . Accessed on June 29, 2021. US Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1989-2019. Consumer Expenditure Surveys. https://www.bls.gov/cex/tables.htm . Accessed on June 29, 2021. US Internal Revenue Service. 2021. “Topic No. 419 Gambling Income and Losses.” Internal Revenue Service. Last updated March 9, 2021. US Jockey Club and Equibase Company LLC, CHRIMS (Comprehensive Horse Racing Information Management Systems), and Hipodromo Camarero, 1989-2020. 2021 Fact Book. http://jockeyclub.com/default.asp?section=FB&area=8 . Accessed on June 22, 2021. Walker, Douglas M. 2007. The Economics of Casino Gambling. Berlin: Springer. Walker, D.M. and Jackson, J.D. (2007), Do Casinos Cause Economic Growth?. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 66: 593-607. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.2007.00528.x . Accessed on June 27, 2021. Welte, J.W., Barnes, G.M., Tidwell, MC.O. et al. 2015. “Gambling and Problem Gambling in the United States: Changes Between 1999 and 2013”, Journal of Gambling Studies 31, 695–715 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-014-9471-4 . Accessed on March 15, 2021. |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/108549 |