Folinas, Sotiris and Obeta, Mark Uchejeso and Etim, Gabriel Ubong and Etukudoh, Sunday Nkereuwem (2021): COVID-19 Pandemic: The Medical Tourism and its Attendant Outcome for Nigeria. Published in: IOSR Journal of Business and Management , Vol. 7, No. 23 (26 July 2021): pp. 26-35.
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_108914.pdf Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Medical tourism has been the order of the day prior to COVID-19 in Nigeria. A viable health care system depends on the availability of capable human resources for health, adequate funding, ardent health research, standard framework, and good government that recognizes and addresses the health care needs of the people. The coronavirus has however exposed the weak healthcare system of Nigeria, as both facilities and workforce in the health sector of the country remain scanty and cannot combat the demands of the virus leading to the death of high-profile individuals due to the absence of medical tourism. The reason for the poor healthcare system in the country could be attributed to medical tourism which is encouraged by the high class in the country. Medical tourism is driven by factors such as inadequate budgetary allocation to healthcare, limited workforce, poor and underequipped health facilities, shortage of essential drugs and supplies, inadequate access to health care, absence of an integrated system for disease response, prevention, surveillance, and treatment; high user fees and inadequate health care providers, and lack of confidence in the nation’s health. Medical tourism in the country will be minimized and the healthcare system of the country revitalized if all aspect of healthcare is improved and maintained after COVID-19 pandemic
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | COVID-19 Pandemic: The Medical Tourism and its Attendant Outcome for Nigeria |
English Title: | COVID-19 Pandemic: The Medical Tourism and its Attendant Outcome for Nigeria |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | COVID-19; Pandemic; Weak health system; Medical Tourism; Nigeria |
Subjects: | L - Industrial Organization > L8 - Industry Studies: Services > L83 - Sports ; Gambling ; Restaurants ; Recreation ; Tourism |
Item ID: | 108914 |
Depositing User: | PhD Cand. Sotiris Folinas |
Date Deposited: | 28 Jul 2021 18:43 |
Last Modified: | 28 Jul 2021 18:43 |
References: | Adeyemo, D.O. (2005). Local Government and Health Care Delivery in Nigeria: A Case Study. Journal of Human Ecology, 18(2), 149-160. https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2005.11905822 Alkire, B., Raykar, N., Shrime, M., Weiser, T., Bickler, S., Rose, J., Nutt, C., Greenberg, S., Kotagal, M., Riesel, M., Esquivel, M., Uribe-Leitz, T., Molina, G., Roy, N., Meara, J. & Farmer, P. (2015). Global access to surgical care: a modelling study. The Lancet, 3(6): 316-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70115-4 Anne Applebaum (2010). Epidemics Reveal the Truth about the Societies They Hit; A nation’s response to disaster speaks to its strengths-and to its dysfunctions. Retrieved from: https://sais.jhu.edu/news-press/epidemics-reveal-truth-about-societies-they-hit [Accessed on April 14, 2020]. Anthonia, A. & Anne, A. (2013). Training Human Resources for 21st Century Nigerian Health Sector, Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 1(3): 1-11. BGI (2020). New Emergency Detection Laboratory Run by BGI Starts Trial Operation in Wuhan, Designed to Test 10,000 Samples Daily. Retrieved from: https://www.bgi.com/global/company/news/new-emergency-detection-laboratory-run-by-bgi-starts-trial-operation-in-wuhan-designed-to-test-10000-samples-daily/ [Accessed on March 20, 2020]. Brown, J. (2020). The Coronavirus Is No 1918 Pandemic; The differences between the global response to the Great Flu Pandemic and today’s COVID-19 outbreak could not be more striking. The Atlantic. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22148/ [Accessed on March 3, 2020.] Chen, L., Evans, T, Anand, S., Boufford, J. I., Brown, H. & Chowdhury, M. (2004). Human resources for health: overcoming the crisis. The Lancet. 364(9449):1984-1990. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17482-5 Chen, Y. B. & Flood, C. M. (2013). Medical tourism’s impact on health care equity and access in low-and middle-income countries: making the case for regulation. Journal of Law and Medicine Ethics, 41(1):286-300. https://doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12019 Cheng, C. C., Vincent, S., Lau K. P. & Patrick C. Y. (2007). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus as an Agent of Emerging and Reemerging Infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 20(4): 660-694. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00023-07 Corman, V. M., Landt, O., Kaiser, M., Molenkamp, R., Meijer, A., Chu, D., Bleicker, T., Brünink, S., Schneider, J., Schmidt, M.L., Mulders, D., Haagmans, B., van der Veer, B., van den Brink, S., Wijsman, L., Goderski, G., Romette, J-L., Ellis, J., Zambon, M., Peiris, M., Goossens, H., Reusken, C., Koopman, M. & Drosten, C. (2020). Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Europe's Journal on Infectious Disease Surveillance, Epidemiology, Prevention and Control, 25(3): 23-30. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045 DoH: Australian Department of Health (2020). No evidence to support intravenous high-dose vitamin C in the management of COVID-19. Alert/Advisory, Medicines safety. Retrieved from: https://www.tga.gov.au/alert/no-evidence-support-intravenous-hdose-vitamin-c-management-covid-19 [Accessed on March, 30 2020]. Epundu, U.U., Adinma, E.D., Ogbonna, B.O, & Epundu, O.C. (2017). Medical tourism, public health and economic development in Nigeria: Issues and Prospects. Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 7(2): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJMAH/2017/36658 Gretzel, U., Fuchs, M., Baggio, R., Hoepken, W., Law, R., Neidhardt, J., Pesonen, J., Zanker, M., & Xiang, Z. (2020). E‑Tourism beyond COVID‑19: A Call for Transformative Research. Information Technology & Tourism, 22, 187–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00181-3 Hall, C.M., Scott, D., & Gössling, S. (2020.) Pandemics, Transformations and Tourism: Be Careful What You Wish for. Tourism Geographies. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1759131 Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (2009). The National Strategic Health Development Plane Framework (2009 2015). Retrieved from: https://www.uhc2030.org/fileadmin/uploads/ihp/Documents/Country_Pages/Nigeria/Nigeria%20National%20Strategic%20Health%20Development%20Plan%20Framework%202009-2015.pdf [Accessed on January 1, 2020]. FMOH: Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria (2020). First case of Coronavirus disease confirmed in Nigeria. Retrieved from: https://ncdc.gov.ng/news/227/first-case-of- corona-virus-disease-confirmed-in-nigeria [Accessed on March 5, 2020]. Folinas, S., Duquenne, M.N. & Metaxas, T. (2020). Problems and Opportunities in the Hospitality Industry in a Masked and Rubber-Gloved World, Virtual Economics, 3(3): 7-24. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2020.03.03(1) Folinas, S. & Metaxas, T. (2020). Tourism: The Great Patient of Coronavirus COVID-2019, International Journal of Advanced Research, 8(4): 365-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/10788 Johnston, R., Crooks, V. A., Snyder, J. & Kingsbury, P. (2010). What is known about the effects of medical tourism in destination and departure countries? A scoping review. International Journal of Equity Health, 9(24): 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-9-24 Kelley, E. (2013). Medical tourism. Geneva: World Health Organization. Lunt, N., Smith, R., Exworthy, M., Green, S.T., Horsfall, D., & Mannion, R. (2011). Medical tourism: Treatments, markets and health system implications: A scoping review. Paris: OECD. Marchal, B. & Kegels, G. (2003). Health workforce imbalances in times of globalization: brain drain or professional mobility? The International Journal of Health Planning and Managemnt, 18(1): 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.720 Med Journeys (2021). List with preferred medical tourism destinations for people from the US, Canada, and UK. Retrieved from: http://www.medjourneys.com/ [Accessed on May 19, 2021] Metaxas, T. & Folinas, S. (2021). Gambling Tourism and Economic Development: Some Lessons from Macao. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 4(3): 156-165. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v4-i3-07 Nassiri N (2020). Perspective on Wuhan Viral Pneumonia. Adv in Pub Health, Com and Trop Med: APCTM-106. Retrieved from: wuhan-viral-pneumonia/ [Accessed on December 3, 2020] NCDC: Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (2020). National Interim Guidelines for Clinical Management of COVID-19. Retrieved from: https://covid19.ncdc.gov.ng/media/files/National_Interim_Guidelines_for_Clinical_Management_of_COVID-19_v3.pdf [Accessed on November 17, 2020] NCDC: Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (2020). Network of Public Health Laboratories. Retrieved from: https://ncdc.gov.ng/reports/238/2019-december-week-52 [Accessed on November 18, 2020] Noree, T. (2015). The impact of medical tourism on the domestic economy and private health system: A case study of Thailand. (PhD thesis). London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. https://doi.org/10.17037/PUBS.02267963 Novel, CPERE (2019). The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 41(2): 145-151. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2020.02.003. Obansa S.A. & Orimisan, A. (2013). Health care financing in Nigeria: prospects and challenges. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1): 221-236. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n1p221 Obeta, M.U., Ejinaka, R.O., Ofor, I.B., Ikeagwulonu, R.C. & Agbo, E.C(2020) Nigerian COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Patients Update, the Realities with Medical Laboratory Diagnostic Sites. American Journal of Epidemiology and Infectious Disease, 8(1): 13-15. Obeta, M. U., Ejinaka, R. O., Ofor, I. B. (2020). Nigeria is the Next Destination of COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Patients across the Globe, But the Strategic Plan for Medical Laboratories is in the Pipeline 2020 - 8(4). American Journal of Biomedical Science Research. [Letter to Editor]. https://doi.org/10.34297/AJBSR.2020.08.001295 Obeta M. U, Etukudoh N. S., Okoli C. C. (2021). Nigerian Medical Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19; from Grass to Grace as Chapter 5 of Intelligent Computing Applications for COVID-19: Predictions, Diagnosis, and Prevention (Ed.) Saba and Rehman, CRC Press Tailor and Francis Group Ohanube, G. A. K. & Obeta, M. U. (2020) COVID-19: Novel Opinion on Strategic Prophylaxis and Cure Using Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid). Acta Scientific Nutritional Health, 4(5): 32-33. Okafor, C. (2016). Improving outcomes in the Nigerian health care sector through public-private partnership. African Research Review, 10(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v10i4.1 Onyibocha, E.O., Irinoye, O., Sagua, E.O., Ogungide-Essien, O.T., Edeki, J.E., & Okome, O.L. (2014). Sustainable healthcare system in Nigeria: Vision, strategies and challenges. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 5(2), 28–39. PricewaterhouseCoopers (2016). Restoring trust to Nigeria’s healthcare system. Lagos: PwC. Robert, G.P. (1984). Harrison;s Principle of Internal Medicine (6th Edn): 477. NY. Samir, N. & Karim, S. (2011). An insight: Medical tourism, local and international perspective. Oman Medical Journal, 26(4): 215-218. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2001.54 Snyder, J., Crooks, V. & Turner, L. (2011). Issues and challenges in research on the ethics of medical tourism: Reflections from a conference. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 8, 3-6. Susan, R.W. & Navas, M.R.S. (2005). Coronavirus Pathogenesis and the Emerging Pathogen Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Microbiology and Molecular. Biology Reviews, 69(4): 635-664. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.69.4.635-664.2005 Statista (2021) Value of the leading medical travel destinations worldwide as of 2018 (in million U.S. dollars). Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1013813/leading-medical-tourism-countries-value/ [Accessed on May 19, 2021]. Wang, W., Xu, Y., Gao, R., Lu, R. & Han, K. (2020). Detection of SARS-COV-2 in different types of clinical specimens. JAMA Network, 323(18): 1843-1844. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3786 WHO, (2013). Case-control study to assess potential risk factors related to human illness caused by novel coronavirus. World Health Organization. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019?gclid=Cj0KCQjw7pKFBhDUARIsAFUoMDYiTupZd1KIhPKklZSNFDqKZ9dH0jGcaEMoOz8u-qBEoJQk_NIrpG8aAv8pEALw_wcB [Accessed on December 23, 2020] WHO (2020). Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). World Health Organization pp: 1-40. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/who-china-joint-mission-on-coronavirus-disease-2019-(covid-19) [Accessed on February 28, 2020]. Yuen, K. S., Ye, Z. W., Fung, S. Y., Chan, C. P. & Jin, D.Y. (2020). SARSCoV-2 and COVID-19: The most important research questions. Cell & Bioscience, 10, 40(2020), https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-020-00404-4 Yu, H. & Hailan, Y. (2020). The transmission and diagnosis of 2019 novel coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19): A Chinese perspective. Journal of Medical Virology, 92(6): 639-644. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25749 Zhi, Y. P. (2020) Vitamin C Infusion for the Treatment of Severe 2019-nCoV Infected Pneumonia. Retrieved from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04264533 [Accessed on October 15, 2020]. |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/108914 |