Арктические местные сообщества и зарубежная трудовая миграция в российской Арктике

Pitukhina, Maria and Tolstoguzov, Oleg and Belykh, Anastasia (2022): Арктические местные сообщества и зарубежная трудовая миграция в российской Арктике. Published in: Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка , Vol. 25, No. 3 (2022): pp. 70-86.

Abstract

Статья посвящена результатам социологического опроса двух типов респондентов (зарубежных трудовых мигрантов и принимающего сообщества) в пяти арктических регионах России (Ямало-ненецкий автономный округ, Чукотский автономный округ, Республика Карелия, Республика Саха (Якутия), Мурманская область). Результаты опроса зарубежных трудовых мигрантов позволили сформировать профайл зарубежного трудового мигранта в российской Арктике – это мужчина со средним профессиональным образованием. Результаты опроса принимающего сообщества позволили также сконструировать Индекс конфликтогенности и Индекс толерантности применительно к исследуемым пяти арктическим регионам. Очевидно, что Индекс конфликтогенности является повышенным в Республике Карелия и Республике Саха (Якутия), что верифицируется и на практике всплесками на межнациональной почве в августе 2006 и марте 2019 соответственно. Более спокойная обстановка складывается в Чукотском автономном округе и Мурманской области, о чем также свидетельствует Индекс толерантности. Цель статьи – определить возможности сотрудничества локального населения и приезжих зарубежных трудовых мигрантов в Арктике, принимая во внимание социально-экономические и этнические особенности арктических регионов. На основании проведенных социологических измерений, определяющих области напряжения, было сформулировано теоретическое обоснование, демонстрирующее, как происходит интеграция зарубежных трудовых мигрантов в субъектах Арктики и что может произойти при колебаниях социального климата. Для прогнозной оценки были использована структурная модель, определяющая вероятности возникновения конфликтов на межнациональной почве.

Article deals with sociological survey results of two respondents types (foreign labour migrants and local community) within five Russian Arctic regions. Survey results of foreign labour migrants made it possible to create a foreign labour migrant profile in the Russian Arctic. Survey results of local community in the Russian Arctic made it possible to calculate both Conflict Index and Tolerance Index in relation to five Russian Arctic regions. It turned out that Conflict Index is still quite high at Republic of Karelia and Republic of Sakha. More peaceful situation takes place at Chukotka Autonomous District and Murmanskya oblast. Both empirical study and its theoretical generalization revealed foreign labour migrants’ integration issues in the Arctic as well as what might happen when social climate fluctuates. The goal of this article is to identify opportunities for cooperation between local communities and foreign labour migrants in the Arctic taking into account socio-economic and ethnic traits of Russian Arctic regions. Based on sociological toolkit a theoretical rationale was formulated in order to demonstrate how foreign labour migrants’ integration in the Arctic regions occurs and what might happen when social climate fluctuates. A structural model determining interethnic conflicts likelihood was also applied for predictive evaluation.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• English Title: Arctic local communities and foreign labour migration in Russian arctic
• Language: Russian
• Keywords: российская Арктика; зарубежная трудовая миграция; межнациональные отношения; Индекс конфликтогенности; Индекс толерантности; человеческий капитал; местные сообщества
• Subjects: F - International Economics > F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business > F22 - International Migration; R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics > R2 - Household Analysis > R23 - Regional Migration ; Regional Labor Markets ; Population ; Neighborhood Characteristics

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