Muhammad Shah, Saif (2023): Measuring women's freedom: introducing the women freedom index (WFI) for domestic empowerment and rights.
Preview |
PDF
Measuring Women's Freedom Introducing the Women Freedom Index (WFI) for Domestic Empowerment and Rights.pdf Download (467kB) | Preview |
Abstract
This research paper introduces the Women Freedom Index (WFI), a novel measure designed to assess women's domestic freedom across various geographic levels, including districts, cities, provinces, countries, counties, states, and subcontinents. While existing indices gauge global women's empowerment and discrimination, they often neglect the specific aspect of domestic freedom. The WFI incorporates key dimensions of women's freedom like sports, work, travel, politics, education, justice, and domestic decision-making, using independent indicators for a comprehensive evaluation. Built on primary data collection with meticulous data cleaning, the index provides an accurate representation of women's actual freedom levels. Initial findings reveal significant domestic discrimination, with 65% reporting gender-based discrimination from fathers, 60% facing restrictions on sports participation under paternal influence, and 32% of educated women being denied careers in the electronic media by their husbands. The WFI is vital for recognizing and promoting women's domestic freedom, enhancing overall well-being. Policymakers, researchers, and advocates can leverage the index to advance gender equality and inclusivity. By addressing the often-overlooked domestic sphere, the WFI offers insights to achieve sustainable development goals and improve women's autonomy and well-being, emphasizing the pivotal role of domestic environments in shaping women's freedom and empowerment.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | Measuring women's freedom: introducing the women freedom index (WFI) for domestic empowerment and rights |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | Women, Freedom, Primary Data, Empowerment, Discrimination, Index |
Subjects: | O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O1 - Economic Development > O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development |
Item ID: | 117916 |
Depositing User: | Mr Saif Muhammad Shah |
Date Deposited: | 26 Jul 2023 06:27 |
Last Modified: | 05 Oct 2024 08:30 |
References: | Agarwal, B. (1992). The gender and environment debate: Lessons from India, Feminist Studies, 18 (1), 119-158. https://doi.org/10.2307/3178217 Alimen, R. A., Portal, E. R., A. Sia, M. E., R. Belandres, C. J., Gancia, E. F., & Publishing, S. R. (2020). Women Empowerment in Leading Environmental Education (EE) and Waste Management Advocacy (WMA) among Mothers in the Maritime University (JBLFMU-Molo) Philippines. Retrieved December 25, 2022, from https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=105904 Althauser, Robert P., and Michael Wigler, "Standardization and Component Analysis," Sociological Methods and Research 1 (Aug. 1972), 97-135. Ameyaw, E. K., Appiah, F., Agbesi, C. S., Kannor, P., & Publishing, S. R. (2016). Contraceptive Use in Ghana: What about Women Empowerment? Retrieved December 25, 2022, from https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=73564 Arooj, S., Hussain, W., Arooj, A., Iqbal, A., Hameed, S., Abbasi, A., & Publishing, S. R. (2013). Paid Work & Decision Making Power of Married Women Cross Sectional Survey of Muzaffarabad Azad State of Jammu & Kashmir. Retrieved December 25, 2022, from https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=33783 Ashraf, J. and B. Ashraf (1993) An Analysis of the Male-Female Earnings Differential in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review 32:4, 895–904. Becker, Gary S., The Economics of Discrimination, second edition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971) Bunch, C. (1990). Women’s Rights as Human Rights: Toward a Re-Vision of Human Rights. Human Rights Quarterly, 12(4), 486–498. https://doi.org/10.2307/762496 Bunch, C. (1995). Transforming Human Rights from a feminist perspective. In J. Peters & A. Wolper (eds.), Women’s rights Human Rights: international feminist perspectives. New York: Routledge Cotton, J. (1988). ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF WAGE DIFFERENTIALS. Review Of Economics & Statistics, 70(2), 236. Del Rio, C. M., & Publishing, S. R. (2012). Freedom of Conscience is Freedom of Choice: Women’s Reproductive Needs, Rights, and their Therapeutic Implications. Freedom of Conscience Is Freedom of Choice: Women’s Reproductive Needs, Rights, and Their Therapeutic Implications. Retrieved December 25, 2022, from https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=22232 Denny, K. and C. Hormon (2007) Education Policy Reform and the Return to Schooling from Instrumental Variables. The Institute for Fiscal Studies (Working Paper. 00/07). Dolado, J. J. and V. Llorens (2004) Gender Wage Gaps by Education in Spain: Glass Floors vs. Glass Ceilings. Madrid. (Working Paper, CEPRDP 4203). Durrant, Valerie L. (2000) Adolescents Girls and Boys in Pakistan: Opportunities and Constraints in Transitions to Adulthood. Islamabad: Population Council. (Research Report No.12). Garcia, M. A., Cabusa, C. M., & Publishing, S. R. (2020). Women in Politics by Bass Diffusion Model. Retrieved December 25, 2022, from https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=104417 Gomes, C., & Publishing, S. R. (2013). Family and women decide child nutrition—The role of human development, capabilities and lifestyles. Retrieved December 25, 2022, from https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=35096 Grossman, J. W. (2005). Patterns of research in mathematics. Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 52(1), 35-41. https://www.ams.org/journals/notices/200501/feagrossman.pdf?adat=January%202005&trk=200501feagrossman&cat=feature&galt=feature Heckman, James (1976) A Life-Cycle Model of Earnings, Learning, and Consumption. Journal of Political Economy 84, 211–244. Hooper, V., & Publishing, S. R. (2019). No Relationship between Economic Freedom and Economic Growth: A Note. Retrieved December 25, 2022, from https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=90762 Khan, S. R. and M. Irfan (1985) Rate of Returns to Education and Determinants of Earnings in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review 34:(3&4). Klasen, S, (2002). Low Schooling for Girls, Slower Growth for All? Cross-country Evidence on the Effect of Gender Inequality in Education on Economic Development, World Bank Economic Review 16: 345–73. Kuldysheva, G., Mamazakirov, R., Shookumova, D., Dzhunusova, D., Marazykov, N., Chynykeeva, G., Tanatarova, F., Toktobaeva, E., Kuldyshev, A., Abdullaeva, Z., & Publishing, S. R. (2020). On the Women Social Rights Legislative Regulation in the Kyrgyz Republic. On The Women Social Rights Legislative Regulation in the Kyrgyz Republic. Retrieved December 25, 2022, from https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=106852 Mahmmoud, A., Daraj, O., & Publishing, S. R. (2022). The Right of Women to Equality in the Palestinian Basic Law. Retrieved December 25, 2022, from https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=118995 McGoldrick, Kim Marie, and John Robst (1996) Gender Differences in Over Education: A Test of the Theory of Differential Over Qualification. American Economic Review 86, 280–284 Milon, M., Al-Amin, M., Saha, S., & Publishing, S. R. (2022). Workplace Bullying, Sexual Harassment, Discrimination: A Bane for Female Employees’ Career in the Private Banking Industry of Bangladesh. Retrieved December 25, 2022, from https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=121108 Nwagbara, E. N., Etuk, G. R., Baghebo, M., & Publishing, S. R. (2012). The Social Phenomenon of Women Empowerment in Nigeria: A Theoretical Approach. Retrieved December 25, 2022, from https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=24248 Patoari, M. H., & Publishing, S. R. (2019). The Rights of Women in Islam and Some Misconceptions: An Analysis from Bangladesh Perspective. The Rights of Women in Islam and Some Misconceptions: An Analysis From Bangladesh Perspective. Retrieved December 25, 2022, from https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=96850 Psacharopoulos, George (1994) Returns to Investment in Education: A Global Update. World Development 22, 1325–1344. Rocheleau, D., Thomas-Slayter, B., & Wangari, E. (1996). Feminist political ecology: global issues and local experiences. New York: Routledge. Roig, M. (2010). Plagiarism and self-plagiarism: What every author should know. Biochemia Medica, 20(3), 295-300. https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2010.037. Salisu, A.A.; Akanni, L. Constructing a global fear index for COVID-19 pandemic. Emer. Mark. Fin. Trade 2020, 56, 2213–2230. Staeheli, L. A., Kofman, E., & Peake, L. (eds.) (2005). Mapping Women, Making Politics: Feminist Perspectives on Political Geography. Oxon: Routledge. Standing, G (1989) Global Feminization through Flexibale Labor, World Development, 17(7), 1077-1095. Swan, S. C., Gambone, L. J., Caldwell, J. E., Sullivan, T. P., & Snow, D. L. (2008). A review of research on women’s use of violence with male intimate partners. Violence and victims, 23(3), 301-314. Wahl, A. (2011). Rosabeth Moss Kanter : Men and women of the corporation. In On the shoulders of giants (1:1, pp. 187–202). Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-61292 Westerlund, J.; Karabiyik, H.; Narayan, P. Testing for predictability in panels with general Predictors. J. App. Econom. 2016. |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/117916 |