Yao, Koffi Yves and Kouakou, Auguste Konan (2025): Can Remittances Drive Inclusive Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa?
![]() |
PDF
MPRA_paper_123713.pdf Download (592kB) |
Abstract
This paper analyses the effect of remittances on inclusive human development in sub-Saharan Africa. It considers the conditional effects of ICT, dual nationality, and financial development within this relationship. Estimates were derived using Population-Averaged Generalised Estimating Equations (PA-GEE), Fixed Effects Instrumental Variable (FEIV), and Method of Moments-Quantile Regression (MM-QR) on a panel of 31 countries over the period 2010–2017. The findings indicate that remittances positively contribute to inclusive human development. The interaction between remittances, financial development, and ICT further enhances this impact, as does dual citizenship. These results are robust and suggest that ICT through collaboration between migrants and their country of origin, laws favouring multiple citizenship, an efficient financial system and a business-friendly institutional environment, optimises the effect of remittances on inclusive development in sub-Saharan Africa.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | Can Remittances Drive Inclusive Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa? |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | Remittances, Inclusive Development, Human Development, Transnationalism, Sub-Saharan Africa |
Subjects: | F - International Economics > F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business > F24 - Remittances K - Law and Economics > K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law > K37 - Immigration Law O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O1 - Economic Development > O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O3 - Innovation ; Research and Development ; Technological Change ; Intellectual Property Rights > O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O5 - Economywide Country Studies > O55 - Africa |
Item ID: | 123713 |
Depositing User: | Koffi Yves Yao |
Date Deposited: | 08 Apr 2025 13:30 |
Last Modified: | 08 Apr 2025 13:30 |
References: | Acharya, C. P., & Leon-Gonzalez, R. (2014). How do migration and remittances affect human capital investment ? The effects of relaxing information and liquidity constraints. Journal of Development Studies, 50(3), 444‑460. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2013.866224 Acosta, P. A., Calderón, C., Fajnzylber, P., & Lopez, H. (2008). What is the impact of international remittances on poverty and inequality in Latin America? World Development, 36(1), 89‑114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.02.016 Adams, R. H., & Page, J. (2005). Do international migration and remittances reduce poverty in developing countries? World Development, 33(10), 1645‑1669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.05.004 Agwu, G. A., Yuni, D. N., & Anochiwa, L. (2018). Do remittances improve income inequality ? An instrumental variable quantile analysis of the Senegalese case. International migration, 61(1), 146‑166. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12414 Ajide, K. B., & Raheem, I. D. (2016). The institutional quality impact on remittances in the ECOWAS Sub‐Region. African Development Review, 28(4), 462‑481. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12224 Alvaredo, F., Chancel, L., Piketty, T., Saez, E., & Zucman, G. (2018). World inequality report 2018. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Andersen, J. J., Johannesen, N., & Rijkers, B. (2022). Elite Capture of Foreign Aid : Evidence from Offshore Bank Accounts. Journal of Political Economy, 130(2), 388‑425. https://doi.org/10.1086/717455 Anyanwu, J. C., & Erhijakpor, A. E. O. (2010). Do international remittances affect poverty in Africa? African Development Review, 22(1), 51‑91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2009.00228.x Anzoategui, D., Asli, D.-K., & Martínez Pería, M. S. (2014). Remittances and Financial Inclusion : Evidence from El Salvador. World Development, 54, 338‑349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.10.006 Asongu, S. A. (2016). Reinventing foreign aid for inclusive and sustainable development : Kuznets, Piketty and the great policy reversal. Journal of Economic Surveys, 30(4), 736‑755. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12109 Asongu, S. A., Biekpe, N., & Tchamyou, V. (2019). Remittances, ICT and doing business in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Economic Studies, 46(1), 35‑54. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-06-2017-0146 Asongu, S. A., & De Moor, L. (2015). Recent advances in finance for inclusive development : A survey. Recent Advances in Finance for Inclusive Development: A Survey. https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/123655 Asongu, S. A., & Le Roux, S. (2017). Enhancing ICT for inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 118, 44‑54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.01.026 Asongu, S. A., & Nwachukwu, J. C. (2017). Foreign Aid and Inclusive Development : Updated Evidence from Africa. Social science quarterly, 98(1), 282‑298. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12275 Asongu, S. A., & Odhiambo, N. (2019). Doing business and inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 10(1), 2‑16. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-05-2018-0132 Atake, E. H. (2018). The impacts of migration on maternal and child health services utilisation in Sub-Saharan Africa : Evidence from Togo. Public health, 162, 16‑24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.05.010 Atkinson, A. B. (1970). On the measurement of inequality. Journal of economic theory, 2(3), 244‑263. Avato, J., Koettl, J., & Sabates-Wheeler, R. (2010). Social security regimes, global estimates, and good practices : The status of social protection for international migrants. World Development, 38(4), 455‑466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.10.003 Azizi, S. (2018). The impacts of workers’ remittances on human capital and labor supply in developing countries. Economic Modelling, 75,377-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.07.011 Bahadir, B., Chatterjee, S., & Lebesmuehlbacher, T. (2018). The macroeconomic consequences of remittances. Journal of International Economics, 111,214-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2018.01.010 Bang, J. T., Mitra, A., & Wunnava, P. V. (2016). Do remittances improve income inequality ? An instrumental variable quantile analysis of the Kenyan case. Economic Modelling, 58, 394‑402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.04.004 Beegle, K., Christiaensen, L., Dabalen, A., & Gaddis, I. (2017). La pauvreté dans une Afrique en essor (World Bank Publications). Bendaoud, M. (2011). Des travaux d’Amartya Sen à l’Indice du développement humain. Notes de synthèse, Centre d’Etudes sur l’Intégration et la Mondialisation CEIM, 1‑19. Bettin, G., & Zazzaro, A. (2012). Remittances and financial development : Substitutes or complements in economic growth? Bulletin of Economic Research, 64(6), 509‑536. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.2011.00398.x Boussichas, M. (2009). Politiques migratoires et développement : Optimiser les effets de l’émigration. Thèse de doctorat Economies and finances, Université d’Auvergne-Clermont-Ferrand I. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00965153/ Calero, C., Bedi, A. S., & Sparrow, R. (2009). Remittances, liquidity constraints and human capital investments in Ecuador. World Development, 37(6), 1143‑1154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.10.006 Campanella, F., Serino, L., Mustilli, M., Crisci, A., & D’Ambra, A. (2021). The evaluation of performance in the European public e-health services sector by Generalized Estimating Equations. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 73, 100813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2020.100813 Catrinescu, N., Leon-Ledesma, M., Piracha, M., & Quillin, B. (2009). Remittances, institutions, and economic growth. World Development, 37(1), 81‑92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.02.004 Chakrabarti, A., & Dhar, A. (2012). Interrogating Inclusive Development in India’s Transition Process. Collegium antropologicum, 36(4), 1089‑1099. Chen, S., Jolliffe, D. M., Lakner, C., Lee, K., Mahler, D. G., Mungai, R., Nguyen, M. C., Prydz, E. B. r, Sangraula, P., Sharma, D., Yang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2018). September 2018 PovcalNet Update What’s New. The World Bank. https://ideas.repec.org/p/wbk/wbgpmt/2.html Chen, S., Liu, N., Zhang, H., & Zhou, Y. (2024). Estimation of wage inequality in the UK by quantile regression with censored selection. Journal of Econometrics, 105733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2024.105733 Chernozhukov, V., & Hansen, C. (2008). Instrumental variable quantile regression : A robust inference approach. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 379‑398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.06.005 Combes, J.-L., & Ebeke, C. H. (2011). Remittances and household consumption instability in developing countries. World Development, 39(7), 1076‑1089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.10.006 Cuadros-Meñaca, A. (2020). Remittances, health insurance, and pension contributions : Evidence from Colombia. World Development, 127, 104766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104766 De Haas, H. (2010). Migration and Development : A Theoretical Perspective. International migration review, 44(1), 227‑264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2009.00804.x De Vasconcelos, P., Ponsot, F., Terry, D. F., & Vásquez, B. (2017). Travailleurs migrants et envois de fonds : Vers la réalisation des objectifs de développement durable, une famille à la fois. Fonds international de développement agricole (FIDA) : Investir dans les populations rurales. https://www.ifad.org/documents/38714170/40193429/SendingMoneyHome_f_W.pdf Dollar, D., & Kraay, A. (2002). Growth is Good for the Poor. Journal of economic growth, 7(3), 195‑225. Doumbia, D. (2018). Three essays on inclusive growth. Doctoral dissertation : Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne and Paris School of Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.10.005 Ebeke, C. H., & Le Goff, M. (2011). Why migrants’ remittances reduce income inequality in some countries and not in others? HAL. Giuliano, P., & Ruiz-Arranz, M. (2009). Remittances, financial development, and growth. Journal of development economics, 90(1), 144‑152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.10.005 Gupta, J., & Courtney, V. (2016). Inclusive development. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 16, 433‑448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-016-9323-z Gupta, S., Pattillo, C. A., & Wagh, S. (2009). Effect of remittances on poverty and financial development in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 37(1), 104‑115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.05.007 Hussein, K. A., Mukungu, A., & Awel, Y. M. (2018). Les moteurs de la croissance inclusive en Afrique. Commission Economique pour l’Afrique (CEA). https://repository.uneca.org/handle/10855/24284 Ianchovichina, E., & Lundstrom, S. (2009). Inclusive growth analytics : Framework and application. The World Bank. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1410472 Jones, R. C. (1998). Remittances and inequality : A question of migration stage and geographic scale. Economic Geography, 74(1), 8‑25. Kanbur, R., & Stiglitz, J. E. (2015). Wealth and income distribution : New theories needed for a new era. https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/d8-7cya-jn73 Katigbak, E. O. (2020). Transnationalism. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 395‑400. Kedir, A., & Kouame, E. (2022). FinTech and women’s entrepreneurship in Africa : The case of Burkina Faso and Cameroon. Journal of Cultural Economy, 15(4), 452‑467. https://doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2022.2041463 Keho, Y. (2016). Non-linear effect of remittances on banking sector development : Panel evidence from developing countries. http://repository.embuni.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1732 Khraiche, M., & Boudreau, J. (2020). Can Lower Remittance Costs Improve Human Capital Accumulation in Africa? Journal of Policy Modeling. Klasen, S. (2005). Economic growth and poverty reduction : Measurement and policy issues. OECD Working Paper No. 246. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.871449 Kouame, E., & Kedir, A. M. (2020). Disruptive Financial Technology (FinTech) and Entrepreneurship in Burkina Faso. In P. Arthur, K. T. Hanson, & K. P. Puplampu (Éds.), Disruptive Technologies, Innovation and Development in Africa (p. 171‑186). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40647-9_8 Kumar, R. R. (2012). Exploring the interactive effects of remittances, financial development and ICT in Sub-Saharan Africa : An ARDL bounds approach. African Journal of Economic and Sustainable Development, 1(3), 214‑242. https://doi.org/10.1504/AJESD.2012.049288 Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic growth and income inequality. The American economic review, 45(1), 1‑28. Kuznets, S. (1973). Modern economic growth : Findings and reflections. The American economic review, 63(3), 247‑258. Lawson, M., Chan, M.-K., Rhodes, F., Parvez-Butt, A., Marriott, A., Ehmke, E., Jacobs, D., Seghers, J., Atienza, J., & Gowland, R. (2019). Public good or private wealth? Oxfam GB for Oxfam International. https://www.oxfam.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/bp-public-good-or-private-wealth-210119-en.pdf Liang, K.-Y., & Zege, S. L. (1986). Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika, 73(1), 13‑22. Lopez, H., & Serven, L. (2004). The mechanics of growth-poverty-inequality relationship. The World Bank. Machado, J. A. F., & Silva, J. M. C. S. (2019). Quantiles via moments. Journal of Econometrics, 213(1), 145‑173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2019.04.009 Mundaca, B. G. (2009). Remittances, financial market development, and economic growth : The case of Latin America and the Caribbean. Review of development economics, 13(2), 288‑303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2008.00487.x Murinde, V., Rizopoulos, E., & Zachariadis, M. (2022). The impact of the FinTech revolution on the future of banking : Opportunities and risks. International review of financial analysis, 81, 102103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2022.102103 Nguimkeu, P. (2024). Credit Constraints and Delayed Entrepreneurship. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 224, 156‑180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.05.023 Nyamongo, E. M., Misati, R. N., Kipyegon, L., & Ndirangu, L. (2012). Remittances, financial development and economic growth in Africa. Journal of economics and business, 64(3), 240‑260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2012.01.001 OCDE/CIRES. (2017). Interactions entre les politiques publiques, migrations et développement (OCDE). https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264277090-fr Piketty, T. (2015). About capital in the twenty-first century. American Economic Review, 105(5), 48‑53. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151060 PNUD. (2010). La vraie richesse des nations : Les chemins du développement humain. Rapport sur le développement humain, Édition du 20e anniversaire du RDH. Pouw, N. R. M., Rohregger, B., Schüring, E., Alatinga, K. A., Kinuthia, B., & Bender, K. (2020). Social protection in Ghana and Kenya through an inclusive development Lens. Complex effects and risks. World Development Perspectives, 17, 100173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100173 Rapoport, H., & Docquier, F. (2006). The economics of migrants’ remittances. Handbook of the economics of giving, altruism and reciprocity, 2, 1135‑1198. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0714(06)02017-3 Rauniyar, G., & Kanbur, R. (2010). Inclusive development : Two Papers on Conceptualization, Application, and the ADB Perspective. Working Paper of Department of Applied Economics and Management Cornell University. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/items/67d1740a-d35f-4239-8659-459570caf648 Ravallion, M., & Chen, S. (2003). Measuring pro-poor growth. Economics Letters, 78(1), 93‑99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(02)00205-7 Sen, A. (1993). Capability and well-being. The quality of life, 30(73), 30‑53. https://doi.org/10.1093/0198287976.003.0003 Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford University Press. Sobiech, I. (2019). Remittances, finance and growth : Does financial development foster the impact of remittances on economic growth? World Development, 44-59,113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.08.016 Stark, O., & Bloom, D. E. (1985). The New Economics of Labor Migration. The American economic review, 75(2), 173‑178. Stark, O., & Levhari, D. (1982). On migration and risk in LDCs. Economic development and cultural change, 31(1), 191‑196. https://doi.org/10.1086/451312 Syrovátka, M., & Schlossarek, M. (2019). Measuring development with inequality : How (should) aggregate indicators of development account for inequality? Ecological Economics, 164,106320-164,106320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.04.032 Taylor, J. E. (1999). The new economics of labour migration and the role of remittances in the migration process. International migration, 37(1), 63‑88. Uche, E., & Ngepah, N. (2023). Income Redistributive Propensities of Self-Employment, ICT and Remittances : Panel Quantile Regression with Nonadditive Fixed Effects Perspective. Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy, 14(03), 2350026. Van Gent, S. (2017). Beyond buzzwords : What is «inclusive development». Synthesis report, INCLUDE Secretariat. Hague, Netherlands. https://includeplatform.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Beyond-buzzwords.pdf WID. (2024). World Inequality Database (WID). WID - World Inequality Database. https://wid.world/data/ Williams, K. (2017). Do remittances improve political institutions ? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Economic Modelling, 61, 65‑75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.12.004 Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data, Second Edition. MIT press. http://213.55.90.4/admin/home/Dmu%20Academic%20Resource/Postgraduate%20Studies/Accounting%20and%20finance/WOOLDRIDGE%20ECONOMETRIC%20ANALYSIS.PDF World Bank PIP. (2024). Poverty & Inequality Indicators. https://pip.worldbank.org/home World Bank WDI. (2024). World Bank Open Data. World Bank Open Data. https://data.worldbank.org |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/123713 |