تجارت و فقر: چگونه اصلاحات تجاری، فقر را کاهش می دهد؟

Mirjalili, Seyed hossein (2010): تجارت و فقر: چگونه اصلاحات تجاری، فقر را کاهش می دهد؟. Published in: International Trade Theories and Policie No. 17 (18 March 2010): pp. 465-486.

Abstract

There is a broad consensus that sustained poverty reduction requires economic growth, and an open trade regime provides the foundation for sustained growth. A poor person is one who has insufficient access to economic resources to obtain adequate goods for meeting basic needs. In the long run, open economies perform better than closed ones, and relatively open trade policies play a significant role in development. The main point of contention among economists concerns the relationship between greater openness and economic growth. The wider the scope of trade, the greater the output, and the more markets and economic factors are affected. A common concern is that trade liberalization reduces government revenues, since trade taxes are lowered or eliminated. This, in turn, may negatively affect the state’s capacity to finance poverty-alleviation programs. However, lowering high tariffs reduces incentives for smuggling and corruption, which, in turn, can expand the volume of formal trade and increase government revenues. Reducing anti-export measures can influence the rate of economic growth, and if such growth occurs in export activities in which the poor are engaged, it can have a direct impact on poverty reduction. An open trade regime also facilitates the import of technology and processing techniques that benefit the poor. To mitigate the short-term negative effects of trade liberalization on the poor, a social safety net is necessary to provide compensation.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• English Title: Trade and Poverty: How trade reforms reduce poverty?
• Language: Persian
• Keywords: Trade, Poverty, reform, growth, tariffs.
• Subjects: F - International Economics > F1 - Trade > F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations; O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O1 - Economic Development > O15 - Human Resources ; Human Development ; Income Distribution ; Migration

References

-Bannister, Geoffery and Kamau Thugge,”International Trade and PovertyAlleviation”, IMF working pape,May 2001.

-K.Muir-Leresch,”Trade , Aid and Development: How can we empower the Poor?”Austria, September 2004.

-Winters, Alan, Neil Mcculloch and Andrew Mackay,”Trade Liberalization and Poverty: The Evidence so far’, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol.XIII,March2004.

-Winters, Alan,”Trade Poicies for Poverty Alleviation”, in: Bernard Hoekman, Aditya Matoo and Philip English(eds.), Development, Trade and the WTO, The World Bank,2000.

-Winters,Alan,”Trade and Poverty: Is there a connection?” in: Trade, Income Disparity and Poverty, Ben David, D. Nordstrom and Alan Winters(eds.), special study 5, Geneva,WTO,2000.

UNCTAD,”High Level Round Table on trade and poverty”, 11th session, June 2004.