Commerce international et criticité des ressources minérales : l’exemple du lithium

Daw, Georges and Namur, Dominique (2013): Commerce international et criticité des ressources minérales : l’exemple du lithium. Published in: Economie Appliquée , Vol. 3, No. 67 (September 2014): pp. 65-89.

Abstract

The economic reading of the criticality of mineral resources combines analysis of their production and of their international trade. This article clarifies the economic concept of criticality of these resources, and provides an overview database of the lithium market from 2000 to 2012. Some variants of the European Commission’s indicator are used to measure criticality in international trade and from an importing country standpoint. This last case is illustrated by the study of lithium for France.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• English Title: International trade and criticality of mineral resources: the lithium example
• Language: French
• Keywords: Lithium – mineral resources – international trade – criticality
• Subjects: F - International Economics > F1 - Trade > F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations; F - International Economics > F1 - Trade > F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade; L - Industrial Organization > L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction > L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation > Q37 - Issues in International Trade

References

Achzet B., Helbig C. [2013], « How to evaluate raw material supply risks – an overview », Resources Policy, vol. 38, n° 4, pp. 435–447.

APS/MRS [2011], Energy Critical Elements: Securing Materials for Emerging Technologies, American Physical Society and Materials Research Society, http://www.aps.org/policy/reports/popa-reports/upload/elementsreport.pdf

BGR [2013], Fragmentation or Cooperation in Global Resource Governance? A Comparative Analysis of the Raw Materials Strategies of the G20, Hilpert H. G. et Milder S.-A. eds., Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rhostoffe, SWP RP1, http://www.swpberlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/research_papers/2013_RP01_hlp_mdn.pdf

Barreau B., Hossie G., Lutfalla S. [2013], « Approvisionnements en métaux critiques : Un enjeu pour la compétitivité des industries française et européenne », Commissariat Général à la Stratégie et à la Prospective, Note d’analyse, 07/2013, n°3,www.strategie.gouv.fr/system/files/2013-07-10-metaux-na03.pdf

CE [2008], Initiative “matières premières” – répondre à nos besoins fondamentaux pour assurer la croissance et créer des emplois en Europe, Commission européenne, COM(2008) 699, http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2008:0699:FIN:fr:PDF

CE [2010a], Critical raw materials for the EU: Report of the Ad-hoc Working Group on defining critical raw materials, Commission européenne, DG Enterprise and Industry, 30 July, http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/files/docs/reportb_en.pdf

CE [2010b], Annex V to the Report of the Ad-hoc Working Group on defining critical raw materials, Commission européenne, DG Enterprise and Industry, 30 July, http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/files/docs/annex-v_en.pdf

CE [2014], Report on Critical Raw Materials for the EU: Report of the Ad hoc Working Group on defining critical raw materials, Commission européenne, DG Enterprise, May, http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/files/docs/crm-report-oncritical-raw-materials_en.pdf

DOE [2011], Critical Materials Strategy 2011, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, December, http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/DOE_CMS2011_FINAL_Full.pdf

Erdmann L., Graedel T. E. [2011], « The Criticality of Non-Fuel Minerals: A Review of Major Approaches and Analyses », Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 45, n° 18, pp. 7620–7630.

Frondel M., Grösche D., Huchtemann D., Oberheitmann A., Petersand J., Angerer G., Sartorius C., Buchholz P., Röling S., Wagner M. [2007], Trends der Angebots und Nachfragesituation bei mineralischen Rohstoffen, Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für System-und Innovationsforschung, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rhostoffe, Essen.

Graedel T. E., Barr R., Chandler C., Chase T., Choi J., Christoffersen L., Friedlander E., Henly C., Jun C., Nassar N. T., Schechner D., Warren S., Yang M.-Y., Zhu C. [2012], « Methodology of Metal Criticality Determination », Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 46, n° 2, pp. 1063-1070, http://www.mmta.co.uk/uploads/2012/08/29/150150_est_methodology_es203534z.pdf

Gruber P. W., Medina P. A., Keoleian G. A., Kesler S. E., Everson M. P., Wallington T. J. [2011], « Global Lithium Availability: A Constraint for Electric Vehicles? », Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 15, n° 5, pp. 760-775.

Hewett D. F. [1929], « Cycles in metal production », American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, Technical publication n° 183, New York, pp. 65-98.

Hotelling H. [1931], « The economics of exhaustible resources », Journal of Political Economy, vol. 39, n° 2, pp. 137-175.

Knoeri C., Wäger P., Stamp A., Althaus H.-J., Weil M. [2013], « Towards a dynamic assessment of raw materials criticality: linking agent-based demand - With material flow supply modelling approaches », Science of the Total Environment, vol. 461-462, September, pp. 808-812.

Labbé J.-F., Daw G. [2012], Panorama 2011 du marché du lithium, rapport public, BRGM/RP-61340-FR.

Massari S., Marcello R. (2013), « Rare earth elements as critical raw materials: Focus on international markets and future strategies », Resources Policy, vol. 38, n°1, pp. 36-43.

Meadows D. L., Meadows D. H., Randers J., Behrens W. [1972], The Limits of Growth, Universe Book, New York, http://www.donellameadows.org/wpcontent/userfiles/Limits-to-Growth-digital-scan-version.pdf

NEDO [2008], Trend Report of development in Materials for Substitution of Scarce Metals, Shinko Research, report n°08007835-0 08007838-0, Tokyo.

NRC [2008], Minerals, Critical Minerals, and the U.S. Economy, National Research Council, National Academies Press, Washington, D.C, http://www.nma.org/pdf/101606_nrc_study.pdf

Roskill [2009], The Economics of Lithium, 11th edition, London, March.

Rosenau-Tornow D., Buchholz P., Riemann A., Wagner M. [2009], « Assessing the long-term supply risks for mineral raw materials - A combined evaluation of past and future trends », Resources Policy, vol. 34, n° 4, pp. 161-175.

Speirs J., Houari Y., Gross R. [2013], « Materials Availability, Working paper III: Comparison of material criticality studies - methodologies and results », UK Energy Research Centre, Report UKERC/WP/TPA/2013/002, February, http://www.ukerc.ac.uk/support/tiki-download_file.php?fileId=3001

Steinbach V., Wellmer F.-W. [2010], « Consumption and Use of Non-Renewable Mineral and Energy Raw Material from and Economic Geology Point of View », Sustainability, vol. 2, pp. 1408-1430, www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/2/5/1408/pdf

Thomason, J. S., Atwell R.J., Bajraktari Y., Bell J. P., Barnett D. S., Karvonides N., Niles M. F., Schwartz E. L. [2008], From National Defense Stockpile (NDS) to Strategic Materials Security Programme (SMSP): Evidence and Analytic Support, Institute for Defense Analysis, VA, vol. 1.

UN-Data [2013], United Nations Data Retrieval System, http://data.un.org/

UNEP [2011], Recycling Rates of Metals: A Status Report, report of the Global Metal Flows working group of the International Resource Panel on sustainable Resource Management, United Nations Environment Programme, http://www.unep.org/resourcepanel/Portals/24102/PDFs/Metals_Recycling_Rates_110412-1.pdf

USGS [2010], [2011], [2012], [2013], [2014], United States Geological Survey, Minerals yearbook, Annual Publications, http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lithium/index.html#myb

Vikström H., S. Davidsson et M. Höök [2013], « Lithium availability and future production outlooks », Applied Energy, vol. 110, pp. 252-266.