Arby, Muhammad Farooq and Malik, Muhammad Jahanzeb and Hanif, Muhammad Nadim (2010): The size of informal economy in Pakistan.
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_22617.pdf Download (218kB) | Preview |
Abstract
This paper estimates the size of informal economy in Pakistan by using monetary approach with some modifications, electricity consumption approach and MIMIC model. Under monetary approach, we take care of the issue of the stationarity of variables and use autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model instead of simple OLS and add education as an additional factor affecting the size of informal economy along with some other technical improvements in the standard monetary models. The electricity consumption approach and MIMIC models are used for the first time in case of Pakistan. The results show that the informal economy in Pakistan has been about 30 percent of the total economy which declined considerably in 2000s. Currently, about 20 percent of the economic transactions are taking place in the informal sector.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | The size of informal economy in Pakistan |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | Informal Economy, ARDL, MIMIC |
Subjects: | E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics > E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy > E26 - Informal Economy ; Underground Economy |
Item ID: | 22617 |
Depositing User: | Nadim Hanif |
Date Deposited: | 13 May 2010 06:20 |
Last Modified: | 28 Sep 2019 16:04 |
References: | Ahmed, Mehnaz and Qazi Masood Ahmed (1995). “Estimation of the Black Economy of Pakistan through the Monetary Approach.” Pakistan Development Review, 34:4, 791–807. Ahmed, Qazi Masood and M. Haider Hussain (2008). “Estimation of the Black Economy of Pakistan through the Monetary Approach: A Case Study of Pakistan.” Economic Issues, 13:1. Ahumada, Hildegart, Facundo Alvaredo and Alfredo Canavese (2007). “The Monetary Method and the Size of the Shadow Economy: A Critical Assessment.” Review of Income and Wealth, 53:2. Ahumada, Hildegart, Facundo Alvaredo and Alfredo Canavese (2008). “The Monetary Method to Measure the Shadow Economy: The Forgotten Problem of the Initial Conditions.” Economics Letters, 101, 97–99. Alañón, A., and M. Gómez-Antonio (2005). “Estimating the Size of the Shadow Economy in Spain: A Structural Model with Latent Variables.” Applied Economics, 37:9, 011-1025. Arby, M Farooq (2008). “Some Issues in the National Income Accounts of Pakistan (Rebasing, Quarterly and Provincial Accounts and Growth Accounting).” PhD Dissertation, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad. Aslam, Salman (1998). “The Underground Economy and Tax Evasion in Pakistan: Annual Estimates (1960-1998) and the Impact of Dollarisation of the Economy.” The Pakistan Development Review 37:4, Part II (Winter) 621–631. Buehn. A, and Schneider. F (2008). “MIMIC Models, Cointegration and Error Correction: An Application to the French Shadow Economy.” IZA Discussion paper No. 3306 Cagan, Philip (1958). “The Demand for Currency Relative to Total Money Supply.” Journal of Political Economy, 66, 303-328. Dickey, D.A. and W.A. Fuller (1979). “Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root.” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 427–431. Dobozi, Istvan, and Pohl Gerhard (1995). “Real Output Decline in Transition Economies – Forget GDP, Try Power Consumption Data.” Transition Newsletter, 6. Feige, E. L. (1979). “How Big is the Irregular Economy?” Challenge, 22, 5-13. Guttman, P. M. (1977). “The Subterranean Economy.” Financial Analyst Journal, Nov.-Dec, 26-34. Hodrick, R. J. and E. C. Prescott (1997). “Postwar U.S. Business Cycles: An Empirical Investigation.” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 29, 1–16. Kaufmann, Daniel and Aleksander Kaliberda (1996). “Integrating the Unofficial Economy into the Dynamics of Post-Socialist Economies: A Framework of Analysis and Evidence.” in B. Kaminski (ed.) Economic Transition in Russia and the New States of Eurasia. Armont, NY: M. E. Sharpe, Inc. (also available as World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No 1691, December 1996). Kemal, M. Ali (2007). “Fresh Assessment of the Underground Economy and Tax Evasion in Pakistan: Causes, Consequences, and Linkages with the Formal Economy.” PIDE working paper No. 2007:13. Perry, Guillermo E., William F. Maloney, Omar S. Arias, Pablo Fajnzylber, Andrew D. Mason, Jaime Saavedra-Chanduvi (2007). ”Informality: Exit and Exclusion.” The World Bank, Washington DC. Pesaran, M. Hashem and Yongcheol Shin (1999). “An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach to Cointegration Analysis.” Chapter 11 in Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century: The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium, Strom, S. (ed); Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pesaran, M. Hashem, Yongcheol Shin, and Richard J. Smith (2001). “Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships.” Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, 289-326. Schneider, Friedrich and Dominik H. Enste (2000). “Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences.” Journal of Economic Literature, 38:1, 77-114. Shabsigh, Ghiath (1995). “The Underground Economy: Estimation, and Economic and Policy Implications, The Case of Pakistan.” IMF Working Papers, WP/95/101. Tanzi, Vito (1980). “The Underground Economy in the United States: Estimates and Implications.” Quarterly Review, 35, 427-53. _____ (1983). “The Underground Economy in the United States: Annual Estimates, 1930-80.” IMF Staff Papers 30:2, 283-305. Wiegand, Bruce (1992). “Off the Books: A Theory and Critique of the Underground Economy.” Published by Rowman & Littlefield. |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/22617 |