Integrating regional economic development analysis and land use economics

Partridge, Mark D. and Rickman, Dan S. (2012): Integrating regional economic development analysis and land use economics. Forthcoming in: The Oxford Handbook of Land Economics

Abstract

Two largely separate literatures exist on regional economic development and land use economics. In this chapter, we argue that a full understanding of each of the two areas requires greater knowledge of their interrelationship. We review key studies of the two literatures, particularly those related to the close interconnectedness of regional economic development and land use. We contend that a critical shortcoming in the literatures is that key features that affect both land use and economic activity are typically not systematically considered. We then posit that the spatial equilibrium framework is especially suited for understanding the various feedback mechanisms that affect both. Also particularly promising are the increased availability of GIS and micro data, as well as recent methodological advances in empirical estimation and modeling.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: Regional Economic Development; Land Use Economics
• Subjects: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O1 - Economic Development > O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure; R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics > R1 - General Regional Economics > R14 - Land Use Patterns

References

Akai, Nobuo, and Masayo Sakata. 2002. “Fiscal Decentralization Contributes to Economic Growth: Evidence from State-Level Cross Section Data for the United States,” Journal of Urban Economics 52, 93–108.

Ali, Kamar, Mark D. Partridge and M. Rose Olfert. 2007. “Can Geographically Weighted Regressions Improve Regional Analysis and Policymaking?” International Regional Science Review, 30, 300-329.

Alonso, William. 1964. Location and Land Use. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J. (2009). Mostly Harmless Economics, An Empiricist’s Companion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

______. 2010. "The Credibility Revolution in Empirical Economics: How Better Research Design Is Taking the Con out of Econometrics," Journal of Economic Perspectives 24, 3-30.

Atkinson, Anthony B., Thomas Piketty, and Emmanuel Saez, 2011. “Top Incomes in the Long Run of History,” Journal of Economic Literature 49, 3-71.

Baldwin, R. E., and P. Krugman. 2004. “Agglomeration, integration and tax harmonisation.” European Economic Review, 48, 1-23.

Banzhaf, H. Spencer and Randall P. Walsh. 2008. “Do People Vote With Their Feet? An Empirical Test of Tiebout’s Mechanism.” American Economic Review 98. 843-863.

Barkley, David L., Mark S. Henry, and Shuming Bao. (1996) “Identifying “Spread” versus “Backwash” Effects in Regional Economic Areas: A Density Functions Approach.” Land Economics 72 (3): 336-57.

Bartik, Timothy J. 1991. Who Benefits from State and Local Economic Development Policies? Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute.

Beeson, Patricia E., Eberts, Randall W. 1989. “Identifying Productivity and Amenity Effects in Interurban Wage Differentials,” Review of Economics and Statistics 71 (3), 443–452.

Benson, Earl D., Julia L. Hansen, Arthur L. Schwartz, and Greg T. Smersh. 1998. “Pricing Residential Amenities: The Value of a View,” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 16(1), 55–73.

Berry, Brian J.L. (1970) “Labor Market Participation and Regional Potential.” Growth and Change 1: 3-10.

Blumenberg, Evelyn, and Kimiko Shiki. 2004. “Spatial Mismatch Outside of Large Urban Areas: An Analysis of Welfare Recipients in Fresno County, California,” Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 22, 401-421.

Boyle, Robin and Rayman Mohamed. 2007. “State Growth Management, Smart Growth and Urban Containment: A Review of the US and a Study of the Heartland,” Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 50(5), 677-97.

Brakman, Steven, Harry Garretsen, and Charles van Marrewijk. (2009a) The Introduction to Geographical Economics. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.

_____. 2009b. “Economic Geography Within and Between European Nations: The Role of Market Potential and Density across Space and Time.” Journal of Regional Science 49, 777-800.

Braun, G.O. and J.W. Scott. 2007. “Smart Growth as New Metropolitan Governance: Observations on U.S. Experience,” in The International Handbook of Urban Policy: Contentious Global Issues, Volume 1, 213-23.

Brown, Stephen P.A., and Lori L. Taylor. 2006. “The Private Sector Impact of State and Local Government,” Contemporary Economic Policy 24(4), 548-562.

Brown, Stephen P.A., Kathy J. Hayes, and Lori L. Taylor, 2003. ‘‘State and Local Policy, Factor Markets and Regional Growth,’’ Review of Regional Studies, 33(1), 40–60.

Brueckner, Jan K. 2000. “Urban Sprawl: Diagnosis and Remedies,” International Regional Science Review 23(2), 160-171.

Brülhart, Marius and Pamina Koenig. 2006. “New Economic Geography Meets Comecon.” Economics of Transition 14, 245-267.

Burnett, Perry, Harvey Cutler and Ray Thresher, 2007. “The Impact of Tourism for a Small City: A CGE Approach,” Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy 37(3):233-242.

Card, David. 1990. “The Impact of the Mariel Boatlift on the Miami Labor Market,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 43, 245-257.

Carruthers, John I. 2003. “Growth at the Fringe: The Influence of Political Fragmentation in United States Metropolitan Areas,” Papers in Regional Science 82, 475–499.

Carruthers, John I. and David E. Clark. 2010. “Valuing Environmental Quality: A Space-Based Strategy.” Journal of Regional Science 50, 801-832.

Chen, Anping and Mark D. Partridge. 2011. “When are cities engines of growth? Spread and Backwash Effects across the Chinese Urban Hierarchy.” Regional Studies DOI:10.1080/00343404.2011.589831.

Chen, Y., E.G. Irwin, and C. Jayaprakash. 2009. “Dynamic Modeling of Environmental Amenity-Driven Migration with Ecological Feedbacks,” Ecological Economics, 68, 2498–2510.

Cho, Seong-Hoon, Neelam C. Poudyal, and Roland K. Roberts. 2008. “Spatial Analysis of the Amenity Value of Green Open Space,” Ecological Economics 66(2–3), 403–416.

Cho, Seong-Hoon, Seung Gyu Kim, Roland K. Roberts, and Suhyun Jung. 2009. “Amenity Values of Spatial Configurations of Forest Landscapes over Space and Time in the Southern Appalachian Highlands,” Ecological Economics 68(10), 2646–2657.

Christaller, Walter. (1933) Die zentralen Orte in Süddeutschland. Jena: Gustav Fischer. (Partial English translation: 1966. Central Places in Southern Germany. Prentice Hall).

Combes, Pierre-Philippe, Gilles Duranton, and Henry G. Overman. 2005. “Agglomeration and the Adjustment of the Spatial Economy,” Papers in Regional Science 84, 311–349.

Costa, Dora L. and Matthew E. Kahn. 2003. “The Rising Price of Nonmarket Goods,” American Economic Review 93(2), 227–232.

Cutler, Harvey and Stephen Davies. 2007. “The Impact of Specific-Sector Changes in Employment on Economic Growth, Labor Market Performance and Migration,” Journal of Regional Science 47(5), 935-963.

Czamanski, Daniel, Itzhak Benenson, Itzhak, Dan Malkinson, Maria Marinov, Rafael Roth, and Lea Wittenberg. 2008. “Urban Sprawl and Ecosystems--Can Nature Survive?” International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics 2(4), 321-66.

Dalenberg, Douglas R., Mark D. Partridge, and Dan S. Rickman, 1998. “Public Infrastructure: Pork or Jobs Creator?” Public Finance Review 26(1), 24-52.

Deller, Steven, Tsung-Hsiu Tsai, David Marcouiller, and Donald English. 2001. “The Role of Amenities and Quality of Life in Rural Economic Growth,” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 83(2), 352–365.

Dumais, Guy, Glenn Ellison, and Edward Glaeser. 2002. “Geographic Concentration as a Dynamic Process,” Review of Economics and Statistics 84, 193–204.

Duranton, Gilles and Matthew A. Turner. 2011. "The Fundamental Law of Road Congestion: Evidence from US cities," American Economic Review 101(6), 2616-2652.

Eichman, Henry, Gary L. Hunt, Joe Kerkvliet, and Andrew J. Plantinga. 2010. “Local Employment Growth, Migration, and Public Land Policy: Evidence from the Northwest Forest Plan,” Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 35(2), 316–333.

Fallah, Belal, Mark D. Partridge, M. Rose Olfert. 2011. “Urban Sprawl and Productivity: Evidence from U.S. Metropolitan Areas.” Papers in Regional Science 90(3), 451-472.

Fotheringham, S., C. Brunsdon, and M. Charlton. 2002. Geographically Weighted Regression: The Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships. Chichester: Wiley.

Fox, Karl A. and T. Krishna Kumar. 1965. “The Functional Economic Area: Delineation and Implications for Economic Analysis and Policy,” Papers of the Regional Science Association 15, 57-85.

Fujita, M., Krugman, P. and Mori, T. 1999. “On the evolution of hierarchical urban systems.” European Economic Review, 43, 209-251.

Funderberg, Richard G., Hilary Nixon, Marlon G. Boarnet, and Gavin Ferguson. 2010. “New highways and land use change: Results from a quasi-experimental research design,” Transportation Research Part A. 44, 76-98.

Gabriel, Stuart A., Joe P. Mattey, and William L. Wascher. 2003. “Compensating Differentials and Evolution in the Quality of Life among U.S. States,” Regional Science and Urban Economics 33, 619–649.

Gaile, G.L. 1980. “The Spread-Backwash Concept.” Regional Studies 14 (1): 15-25.

Glaeser, Edward L. and Matthew E. Kahn. 2004. “Sprawl and Urban Growth.” In (eds. V. Henderson and J.F. Thisse) Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, Vol 4. pp. 2481-2527.

______. 2010. “The Greenness of Cities: Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Urban Development,” Journal of Urban Economics 67, 404–418.

Glaeser Edward L. and Kristina Tobio. 2008. “The Rise of the Sunbelt,” Southern Economic Journal 74(3), 610-643.

Gottlieb, Paul D. 1995. “Residential Amenities, Firm Location and Economic Development,” Urban Studies 32(9), 1413-1436.

Greenstone, Michael, Rick Hornbeck, and Enrico Moretti. 2010. “Identifying Agglomeration Spillovers: Evidence from Million Dollar Plants,” Journal of Political Economy 118, 536-598.

Gunderson, Ronald J., James V. Pinto, and Robert H. Williams. 2008. “Economic or Amenity Driven Migration? A Cluster-Based Analysis of County Migration in the Four Corners States,” Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy 38(3), 243–254.

Gyourko, Joseph, Christopher Mayer, and Todd Sinai. 2006. “Superstar Cities,” NBER Working Paper 12355.

Gyourko, Joseph and Joseph Tracy. 1989. “The Importance of Local Fiscal Conditions in Analyzing Local Labor Markets,” Journal of Political Economy 97(5), 1208-1231.

_____. 1991. “The Structure of Local Public Finance and the Quality of Life,” Journal of Political Economy 99(4), 774-806.

Hammond, George and Mehmet Tosun. 2011. “The Impact of Decentralization on Economic Growth: Evidence from U.S Counties,” Journal of Regional Science 51(1), 47-64.

Hansen, Andrew J., Ray Rasker, Bruce Maxwell, Jay J. Rotella, Jerry D. Johnson, Andrea Wright Parmenter, Ute Langner, Warren B. Cohen, Rick L. Lawrence, and Matthew P.V. Kraska. 2002. “Ecological Causes and Consequences of Demographic Change in the New West,” BioScience 52(2), 151–162.

Hasse, John E. and Richard G. Lathrop. 2003. “Land Resource Impact Indicators of Urban Sprawl,”Applied Geography 23, 159–175.

Helpman, Elhanan, 1998. “The Size of Regions,” in David Pines, Efraim Sadka, and Itzhak Zilcha (eds), Topics in Public Economics, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.

Henderson, Jason R. and Kendall McDaniel. 2005. “Natural Amenities and Rural Employment Growth: A Sector Analysis,” The Review of Regional Studies 35(1), 80–96.

Henry, M.S., Barkley, D.L. and Bao, S. 1997. “The Hinterland’s Stake in Metropolitan Area Growth.” Journal of Regional Science 37, 479-501.

Hering, L. and S. Poncet. 2010. “Market Access and Individual Wages: Evidence from China,” Review of Economics and Statistics 92, 145-159.

Hite, James. 1997. “The Thunen Model and the New Economic Geography as a Paradigm for Rural Development Policy,” Review of Agricultural Economics 19, 230–40.

Holmes, Thomas J. 1998. “The Effect of State Policies on the Location of Manufacturing: Evidence from State Borders.” Journal of Political Economy 106, 667-705.

_____. 2010 “Structural, Experimentalist, and Descriptive Approaches to Empirical Work in Regional Economics.” Journal of Regional Science 50, 5-22.

Houston, Donald. 2005. “Methods to Test the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis,” Economic Geography 81(4), 407-434.

Hughes, David W. and David W. Holland. 1994. “Core-Periphery Economic Linkage: A Measure of Spread and Possible Backwash Effects for the Washington Economy.” Land Economics 70, 364-77.

Ihlanfeldt, K.R. and D.L. Sjoquist. 1998. “The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis: A Review of Recent Studies and their Implications for Welfare Reform,” Housing Policy Debate 9, 849-892.

Innes, Judith E. and David E. Booher. 1999. “Metropolitan Development as a Complex System: A New Approach to Sustainability,” Economic Development Quarterly 13, 141-156.

Irwin, Elena G., Andrew M. Isserman, Maureen Kilkenny, and Mark D. Partridge. (2010) “A Century of Research on Rural Development and Regional Issues.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 92(2): 522–553; doi: 10.1093/ajae/aaq008.

Johnson, Michael P. 2001. “Environmental Impacts of Urban Sprawl: A Survey of the Literature and Proposed Research Agenda,” Environment and Planning A 33, 717-735.

Kahn, Matthew E. 2001. “City Quality-of-Life Dynamics: Measuring the Costs of Growth,” Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 22(2/3), 339-352.

Kahn, Matthew E. and Joel Schwartz. 2008. “Urban Air Pollution Progress Despite Sprawl: The “Greening” of the Vehicle Fleet,” Journal of Urban Economics 63, 775–787.

Kahn, R., P.F. Orazem, and D.M. Otto. 2001. “Deriving Empirical Definitions of Spatial Labor Markets: The Roles of Competing versus Complementary Growth.” Journal of Regional Science 41, 735-56.

Kain, John. 1968. “Housing Segregation, Negro Employment, and Metropolitan Decentralization.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 82, 175-183.

Ke S. and E. Feser. 2010. “Count on the growth pole strategy for regional economic growth? Spread–backwash effects in Greater Central China.” Regional Studies 44, 1131-1147. Keane, Michael P. 2010. "Structural vs. Atheoretic Approaches to Econometrics." Journal of Econometrics 156, 3-20.

Kim, Euijune and Jaeuk Ju. 2003. “Growth and Distributional Impacts of Urban Housing Supply: An Application of Urban Land Use and a CGE Model for Seoul,” Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies 15(1), 66-81.

Kline, Jeffrey D. and Ralph J. Alig. 1999. “Does Land Use Planning Slow the Conversion of Forest and Agricultural Land?” Growth and Change 30(1), 3-22.

Kreuter, Urs P., Heather G. Harris, Marty D. Matlock, Ronald E. Lacey. 2001. “Change in Ecosystem Service Values in the San Antonio Area, Texas,” Ecological Economics 39, 333-346.

Krugman, Paul (2010) “The New Economic Geography, Now Middle Aged.” Paper Prepared for presentation to the Association of American Geographers Meetings, Washington, DC, April 16, 2010. Available at: http://www.princeton.edu/~pkrugman/aag.pdf. Accessed on May 15, 2010.

Kuminoff, N.V. and A.S. Jarrah. 2010. “A new approach to computing hedonic equilibria and investigating the properities of locational sorting models.” Journal of Urban Economics 67, 322-335.

Kuminoff, N.V., V.K. Smith, and C. Timmins. 2010. “The New Economics of Equilibrium Sorting and its Transformational Role for Policy Evaluation.” NBER Working Paper #16349.

Lewis, David, Gary Hunt, and Andrew Plantinga. 2002. “Public Conservation Land and Employment Growth in the Northern Forest Region,” Land Economics 78(2), 245–259.

Lösch, August. 1940. Die räumliche Ordnung der Wirtschaft. Jena: G. Fischer. English translation (of the 2nd rev. ed.): The Economics of Location. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954.

Martin, Ronald W. 2004. “Spatial Mismatch and the Structure of American Metropolitan Areas, 1970-2000.” Journal of Regional Science 44, 467-488.

Mattoon, Richard H. 1995. “Can Alternative forms of Governance Help Metropolitan Areas?” Economic Perspectives (Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago) 19(6), 20-32.

McDonald, John F. 2001. “Cost-Benefit Analysis of Local Land Use Allocation Decisions,” Journal of Regional Science 41(2), 277-299.

McDonald, John F. and Daniel P. McMillen. 2000. “Employment Subcenters and Subsequent Real Estate Development in Suburban Chicago.” Journal of Urban Economics 48, 135-157.

McGranahan, David A. 2008. “Landscape Influence on Recent Rural Migration in the U.S.,” Landscape and Urban Planning 85, 228–240.

McGranahan, David A. and Timothy R.Wojan. 2007. “Recasting the Creative Class to Examine Growth Processes in Rural and Urban Counties,” Regional Studies 41(2), 197–216.

McGregor, Peter G., J. Kim Swales and Ya Ping Yin. 1996. “A Long-Run Interpretation of Regional Input-Output Analysis,” Journal of Regional Science 36(3), 479-501.

McMillan, Daniel P. 1996. “One-Hundred Fifty Years of Land Values in Chicago: A Nonparametric Approach.” Journal of Urban Economics 40, 100-124.

______. 2004. “Employment Densities, Spatial Autocorrelation, and Subcenters in Large Metropolitan Areas.” Journal of Regional Science 44, 224-243.

______. 2010. “Issues in Spatial Data Analysis.” Journal of Regional Science 50: 119-141.

McMillan, Daniel P. and Christian L. Redfearn. 2010. “Estimation and Hypothesis Testing for Nonparametric Hedonic House Price Functions.” Journal of Regional Science 50, 712-733.

Mills, Edwin S. 1967. “An Aggregative Model of Resource Allocation in a Metropolitan Area.”

______. 2006. “Sprawl and Jurisdictional Fragmentation,” Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs 231-256.

Morgan, William, John Mutti and Dan Rickman. 1996. “Tax Exporting, Regional Economic Growth, and Welfare,” Journal of Urban Economics 39, 131-159.

Mulligan, Gordon F. 1984. “Agglomeration and central place theory: a review of the literature,” International Regional Science Review 9, 1-42.

Muth, Richard. 1969. Cities and Housing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Myrdal, G. 1957. Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions.

Nechyba, Thomas J. and Randall P. Walsh. 2004. “Urban Sprawl.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 18 (4), 177-200

Olfert, M. Rose and Jack C. Stabler, 1999. “Multipliers in a Central Place Hierarchy.” Growth and Change 30: 288-302.

Ottaviano, Gianmarco, and Dino Pinelli. 2006. “Market Potential and Productivity: Evidence from Finnish Regions,” Regional Science and Urban Economics 36, 636–657.

Overman, Henry and Steve Gibbons. 2010. “Mostly Pointless Spatial Econometrics?” Unpublished London School of Economics Manuscript.

Partridge Mark D. 2010. “The Duelling Models: NEG vs Amenity Migration in Explaining US Engines of Growth,” Papers in Regional Science 89(3), 513-536.

Partridge, Mark D. Ali, Kamar, and M. Rose Olfert. 2010. “Rural-to-Urban Commuting: Three Degrees of Integration.” Growth and Change 41, 303-335.

Partridge, Mark D., Ray Bollman, M. Rose Olfert and Alessandro Alasia. 2007. “Riding the Wave of Urban Growth in the Countryside: Spread, Backwash, or Stagnation,” Land Economics 83, 128-152.

Partridge, Mark D. and Dan S. Rickman. 1998. “Regional Computable General Equilibrium Modeling: A Survey and Critical Appraisal,” International Regional Science Review 21, 205-248.

_____. 2003. “Do We Know Economic Development When We See It?” Review of Regional Studies 33(1), 17-39.

_____. 2008. “Does a Rising Tide Lift All Boats? Assessing Employment-Poverty Dynamics by Metropolitan Size and County Type.” Growth and Change 39, 283-312.

_____. 2010. "CGE Modelling for Regional Economic Development Analysis," Regional Studies 44 (10), 1311-1328.

Partridge, Mark D., Dan S. Rickman, Kamar Ali, and M. Rose Olfert. 2008a. “Employment Growth in the American Urban Hierarchy: Long Live Distance,” The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics: Contributions, 8(1), 1–36.

Partridge, Mark D., Dan S. Rickman, Kamar Ali and M. Rose Olfert. 2008b. “Lost in Space: Population Dynamics in the American Hinterlands and Small Cities.” Journal of Economic Geography. 8, 727-757.

_____. 2009. “Agglomeration Spillovers and Wage and Housing Cost Gradients Across the Urban Hierarchy.” Journal of International Economics 78, 126-140.

_____. 2010. “Recent Spatial Growth Dynamics in Wages and Housing Costs: Proximity to Urban Production Externalities and Consumer Amenities,” Regional Science and Urban Economics 40(6), 440-52.

Pflüger, Michael and Takathoshi Tabuchi. 2010. “The Size of Regions with Land Use for Production,” Regional Science and Urban Economics 40, 481-489.

Pinske, Joris and Margaret E. Slade. 2010. “The Future of Spatial Econometrics,” Journal of Regional Science, 50, 103-117.

Polèse, Mario and Richard Shearmur. 2004. “Is Distance Really Dead? Comparing Industrial Location over time in Canada,” International Regional Science Review 27, 431-457.

Portnov, Boris A. and Moshe Schwartz. 2009. “Urban Clusters as Growth Foci.” Journal of Regional Science 49, 287-310.

Puga, Diego. 1999. “The rise and fall of regional inequalities.” European Economic Review 43, 303-334.

Raphael, Stephan and Michael A. Stoll. 2002. Modest Progress: The Narrowing Spatial Mismatch Between Blacks and Jobs in the 1990s. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.

Rappaport, Jordan. 2007. “Moving to Nice Weather,” Regional Science and Urban Economics 37(3), 375–398.

_____. 2008. “Consumption Amenities and City Population Density,” Regional Science and Urban Economics 38, 533-552.

_____. 2009. “The Increasing Importance of Quality of Life,” Journal of Economic Geography 9, 779–804.

Redding, Stephen J. and Daniel M. Sturm. 2008. “The Costs of Remoteness: Evidence from German Division and Reunification.” American Economic Review 98, 1766-1797.

Redfearn, Christian L. 2009. “How Informative are Average Effects? Hedonic Regression and Amenity Capitalization in Complex Urban Housing Markets,” Regional Science and Urban Economics 39, 297-306.

Renkow, M. 2003. “Employment Growth, Worker Mobility, and Rural Economic Development,” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 85, 503-13.

Richardson, Harry W. 1976. “Growth pole spillover: The dynamics of backwash and spread,” Regional Studies 5, 1-9.

Rickman, Dan S. 1992. “Estimating the Impacts of Regional Business Assistance Programs: Alternative Closures in a Computable General Equilibrium Model,” Papers in Regional Science 71(4):421-435.

Rickman, Dan S. and Shane D. Rickman. 2011. “Population Growth in High-Amenity Nonmetropolitan Areas: What’s the Prognosis?” Journal of Regional Science 51(5): 863-879.

Roback, Jennifer. 1982. “Wages, Rents, and the Quality of Life,” Journal of Political Economy 90, 1257–1278.

Rosenberger, Randall S. and Donald B.K. English. 2005. “Impacts of Wilderness on Local Economic Development,” In The Multiple Values of Wilderness, ed. H. Ken Cordell, John C Bergstrom, and J. M. Bowker, 181-204. State College, Penn.: Venture Publishing, Inc.

Rosenberger, Randall S., Mark Sperow, and Donald B. K. English. 2008. “Economies in Transition and Public Land use Policy: Discrete Duration Models of Eastern Wilderness Designation,” Land Economics 84 (2): 267-281.

Rosenthal Stuart S. and William C. Strange. 2004. “Evidence on the Nature and Sources of Agglomeration Economies.” In (eds. V. Henderson and J.F. Thisse) Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, Vol 4. pp. 2119-2171.

_____. 2008. “The Attenuation of Human Capital Spillovers,” Journal of Urban Economics 41, 373-389.

Shapiro, Jesse M. 2006. “Smart Cities: Quality of Life, Productivity, and the Growth Effects of Human Capital,” Review of Economics and Statistics 88(2), 324–335.

Song, Yan. 2005. “Smart Growth and Urban Development Pattern: A Comparative Study,” International Regional Science Review 28(2), 239-65.

Stansel, Dean. 2002. “Interjurisdictional Competition and Local Economic Performance: A Cross-sectional Examination of US metropolitan Areas,” in: George Mason University Working Papers in Economics, #02.16 (www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/working/directory.html).

____. 2005. “Local Decentralization and Local Economic Growth: A Cross-Sectional Examination of US metropolitan Areas,” Journal of Urban Economics 57, 55–72.

Stock, J.H. and M.W. Watson. 2007. Introduction to Econometrics, 2nd Edition. Boston: Pearson.

Stoll, Michael A. 2006. “Job Sprawl, Spatial Mismatch and Black Employment Disadvantage.” Journal Policy Analysis and Management 25, 827-854.

Stone Jr., Brian. 2008. “Urban Sprawl and Air Quality in Large US Cities,” Journal of Environmental Management 86, 688–698.

Tabuchi, Takathoshi, Thisse, Jaques F. 2006. “Regional Specialization, Urban Hierarchy, and Commuting Costs,” International Economic Review 47, 1295–1317.

_____. 2011. “A new economic geography model of central places.” Journal of Urban Economics 69, 240-252.

Tiebout, Charles M. 1956. “A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures.” Journal of Political Economy 64, 416-424.

Tweeten, Luther G. and George L. Brinkman. 1976. Micropolitan Development: Theory and Practice of Greater Rural Development. Ames: Iowa State University Press.

Vias, Alexander C. 1999. “Jobs Follow People in the Rural Rocky Mountain West,” Rural Development Perspectives 14(2), 14–23.

Vias, Alexander C. and John I. Carruthers. 2005. “Regional Development and Land Use Change in the Rocky Mountain West, 1982–1997,” Growth and Change 36(2), 244–272.

Vigdor, Jacob L. 2006. “Comment on Mills, Sprawl and Jurisdictional Fragmentation,” Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs 231-256.

Volpe-Martincus, Christian. 2010. “Spatial Effects of Trade Policy: Evidence from Brazil.” Journal of Regional Science 50, 541-569.

Von Thünen, J.H. 1966. Von Thünen’s Isolated State: An English Edition of “Der Isolierte Staat,” C.M. Wartenberg, Trans, P. Hall ed. New York: Pergamon (Published in German in 1826.).

Weiler, Stephan. 2003. “Pioneers of Rural Sprawl in the Rocky Mountain West,” The Review of Regional Studies 33(3), 264 – 283.

Wensley, R.D. Mithch, and J.C. Stabler. 1998. “Demand-Threshold Estimation for Business Activities in Rural Saskatchewan,” Journal of Regional Science 38, 155-177.

Whisler, Ronald L., Brigette S. Waldorf, Gordon F. Mulligan, and David A. Plane. 2008. “Quality of Life and the Migration of the College Educated,” Growth and Change 39(1), 58–94.

Wooldridge, J.M. 2002. Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. MIT Press: Cambridge, MA.

World Bank. 2009. World Development Report Reshaping Economic Geography. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

Wu, JunJie. 2006. “Environmental Amenities, Urban Sprawl, and Community Characteristics,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 52, 527–547.

Wu, JunJie, and Seong-Hoon Cho. 2007. “The Effect of Local Land Use Regulations on Urban Development in the Western United States,” Regional Science and Urban Economics 37, 69-86.

Wu, JunJie and Munisamy Gopinath. 2008. “What Causes Spatial Variations in Economic Development in the United States?” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 90, 392–408.

Wu, JunJie. 2010. “Economic Fundamentals and Urban-Suburban Disparities.” Journal of Regional Science 50, 570-591.

Yin, Ming, and Jian Sun. 2007. “The Impact of State Growth Management Programs on Urban Sprawl in the 1990s,” Journal of Urban Affairs 29 (2), 149-179.

Yu, Yihua and Dan S. Rickman. 2011. “U.S. State and Local Fiscal Policies and Nonmetropolitan Area Economic Performance: A Spatial Equilibrium Analysis,” Papers in Regional Science doi:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2012.00423.x.