National Innovation Systems and Regional Cooperation in Asia: Challenges and Strategies from a Study of China

Khan, Haider A. (2012): National Innovation Systems and Regional Cooperation in Asia: Challenges and Strategies from a Study of China.

Abstract

I provide a quick assessment of the effectiveness and potentialities of National Innovation Systems (NIS) in the Asia-Pacific for deeper economic integration. To this end,I formulate some preliminary policy suggestions aimed at enhancing the region’s overall innovation strategy. My approach focuses particularly on the evolving relationship between China's NIS and the Asia-Pacific region with some references to Japan, Korea, Taiwan, India, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia. I argue that while the policy challenges for regional cooperation are far from trivial, strengthening the NIS and the various sub- regional systems with a view to building up a broad-based and inclusive Regional Innovation System(RIS) for the Asia-Pacific can be a substantive area of enhancing economic integration in the Asia-Pacific . Conceptually, the paper presents an enhanced view of NIS for inclusive growth. I call this new model of regional innovation an “Augmented NIS(ANIS)”. The attempt to build ANIS is one conceptually and practically sound approach towards enhancing economic integration in the Asia-Pacific. Three areas of concrete applications are suggested in the concluding part.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: National Innovation Systems (NIS), Augmented National Innovation Systems (ANIS), China, regional cooperation, Asia-Pacific region
• Subjects: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O5 - Economywide Country Studies > O53 - Asia including Middle East

References

Aghion, P. and Howitt, P. (1992), “A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction,” Econometrica, p.323-51.

Arthur, Brian (1988), “Competing Technologies: An Overview,” G. Dosi, C. Freeman, R. Nelson, G. Silverberg and L. Soete (eds), Technical Change and Socio-economic Theory, London: Pinter Publishers.

----- (1989a), Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

----- (1989b), “Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-In by Historical Small Events,” Socio-economic Journal, 99: 116-31.

Bostica B., Gambini P., and Licpubs/freeardi L., (1997), "The Role of Electronics and Photonics in the Architectural Evolution of Switching Systems," ISS 1997, Toronto, Canada.

Callon J. R. et al. (1997), "A Framework for Multiprotocol Label Switching," Network Working Group Internet Draft.

Callegati F. et al. (1999) “Packet Optical Networks for High-Speed TCP-IP Backbones”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 37, PP. 124-129

Dodson B., China SOEs Getting Lean and Mean March 17th, 2008 | by This is China! | http://silkrc.com/chinadialogs/2008/03/17/china-soes-getting-lean-and-mean/(last accessed Oct. 18, 2011)

Freeman, C. (1987), Technology and Socio-economic Performance: Lessons from Japan, Pinter, London.

Freeman, C. (1995), “The National System of Innovation in Historical Perspective”, Cambridge Journal of Socio-economics, No. 19, pp. 5–24.

Edquist, C. (1997), Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions, and Organizations, Pinter, London.

Farbert A, Mohs G., Spalter S., Glingener C., (2000) "7Tb\s bi-directional interleaved transmission with 50 GHz channel spacing",postdeadline project PDP-3, proceedings of European Conference on Optical Communications. Gabriele, A. And Khan, H. 2010. Enhancing technological progress in a market-socialist context : China's national innovation system at the crossroads ( LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Berlin, Germany

Gambini P., (1996) "State of the art of photonic packet switched networks," Int'l. Wksp. Photonic Networks and Tech., Leripubs/free, Italy, Sept. 1996.

Green P.E. Jr., (1996) "Optical networking update," IEEE JSAC, vol. 14, no. 5.

Hiramatsu et al. (1997), "Hyper-media Photonic Information Networks: WDM-Based Solutions and Prototype Systems," ISS 1997, Toronto, Canada, IEEE Communication Magazine, vol.37.

------, (1998) “Architecture and Performance of a Broadcast and Select Photonic Switch,” Opt. Fiber. Tech. J., July , pp 266-84. Hu A. G. and . JEFFERSON G.H., Returns to research and development in Chinese industry: Evidence from state-owned enterprises in Beijing, China Economic Review Volume 15, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 86-107

James, J, and H. A. Khan(1997).“Technology Choice and Income Distribution” February, World Development.

-------------------------------(1993). “The Employment Effects of Income Redistribution”, March, World Development.

Khan, Haider A.(1993). “Econometrics” (1993) Blackwell's Dictionary of Twentieth Century Social Thought, Basil Blackwell, Oxford

------------------ (1998), Technology, Development and Democracy, Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1

--------------------(2001a), “Digital Development”, Unpublished project, University of Denver, 20

---------------------, “ A Schumpeterian Model of Innovation”, unpublished project, University of Denver, 2001b.

--------------------(2002a), “Digital Development: challenges and prospects”, CIRJE, university of Tokyo discussion project no. CF 152.

----------------------(2002b) “Innovation and Growth in a Schumpeterian Model” (2002), Oxford Development Studies, 30. (3): 289-306.

----------------- (2003), Technology, Modernity and Development: Creating Social Capabilities in a POLIS, Peter Brey et al. eds. Technology and Modernity: The Empirical Turn, Cambridge Mass.: The MIT Press.

_______ (2004a). Innovation and Growth in East Asia: The Future of Miracles. Houndsmills and New York: Macmillan/Palgrave.

______, (2004b). Global Markets and Financial Crises. Houndsmills and New York: Macmillan/Palgrave.

Khan, Haider A.et al (2008), “A New Approach to Modeling Early Warning Systems for Financial Crises”, Journal of International Money and Finance, October: 1098 - 1121

Khan, Haider A. and Matin, M. A. (2011). Optical Information Technology, Growth and Digital Divide: A Formal Model of Complexity and Unevenness of Innovation Systems in the Global Economy, Working Paper, University of Denver.

Khan, Haider A., The Future of APEC and Regional Cooperation, Presentation for the Nov. APEC summit at the pre-summit conference at the University of Redlands, Ca. USA on Sep. 23, 2011

--------- and Erik Thorbecke(1988). Macroeconomic Effects and Diffusion of Alternative Technologies Within a Social Accounting Matrix Framework: the Case of Indonesia, (1988), Gower Publication, CO. Aldershot, U.K.

----------------------------------(1989).“Macroeconomic Effects of Technology Choice: Multiplier and Structural Path Analysis” , Journal of Policy Modeling, 11 (1)

Kim, L. and Dahlman, C. J. (1995), "Technology Policy for Industrialization: An Integrative Framework and Korea's Experience." Research Policy 21: 437-52.

Kim, L. and Lee, H. (1987), "Patterns of Technological Change in a Rapidly Developing Country: A Synthesis." Technovation 6: pp. 261-76.

Kim, Linsu (2000), ‘Korea’s national innovation system in transition’, in Technology, Learning and Innovation: Experiences of Newly Industrializing Economies, edited by Linsu Kim and Richard R. Nelson, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 335–360.

Kim, Linsu and Richard R. Nelson (eds) (2000), Technology, Learning and Innovation: Experiences of Newly Industrializing Economies, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Knox (2001), “The Future of WDM” OPN Optics and Photonics News, vol.12, no.4.

Latour, Bruno (2005), Reassembling the Social, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

------ (1987) Science in Action: How to follow Scientist and Engineers through Society, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

------- (1993), “We have never been Modern”, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Lall, Sanjaya (1982), Developing Countries as Exporters of Technology, London: Macmillan.

----- (1985), Multinationals, Technology and Exports: Selected Projects. New York: St. Martin's Press.

----- (1992), “Technological Capabilities and Industrialization,” World Development, 20(2): 165-86.

Lawton, G., (2009) "WDM-PONs Hold Promise for the Long Haul," Computer, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 13-16.

Lee, Keun (2008) "Can Korea be a Role Model for Development? A “Capability-based View” on Korea", project prepared for WIDER conference on Country Role Models for Development Success, June13-14, Helsinki

Lee, Keun, (2006), “The Washington Consensus and East Asian Sequencing: Understanding Reform in East and South Asia,” J. Fanelli and G. McMahon, eds. Understanding Market Reforms Vol. 2: Palgrave, 2006.

---- and B. Kim.2009. Both institutions and policies matter but differently at different income groups of countries: determinants of long-run socio-economic growth revisited. World Development 37(3):5333-549.

---- and C. Lim. 2001. Technological Regimes, Catching Up and Leapfrogging: Findings from Korean Industries. Research Policy 30(3):459-483.

Lodhi S. and Matin, M. A. (2004) “Robust Urdu Character Recognition Using Fourier Descriptors”, PhD Dissertation, University of Denver.

Lundvall, B-Å. (ed.) (1992). National Innovation Systems: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning, Pinter, London.

Metcalfe, S. (1995), “The Socio-economic Foundations of Technology Policy: Equilibrium and Evolutionary Perspectives”, in P. Stoneman (ed.), Handbook of the Socio-economics of Innovation and Technological Change, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford (UK)/Cambridge (US).

Nelson, Richard R. (1992), “U.S. Technological Leadership: Where Did It Come from and Where Did It Go?” Scherer, Frederick M. and Mark Perlman (1992), Entrepreneurship Technological Innovation. and Socio-economic Growth: Studies in the Schumpeterian Tradition Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press: 25-50.

----- (1993a), “Technical Change as Cultural Evolution,” Ross Thomson, ed., Learning and Technological Change. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

-----, ed. (1993b), National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

----- (1994), “What has been the Matter with Neoclassical Growth Theory,” Silverberg and Luc Soete, eds. (1994), The Socio-economics of Growth and Technical Change: Technologies, Nations, Agents, Aldershot, U.K.: Edward Elgar: 290-324.

----- (1995), “Recent Evolutionary Theories About Socio-economic Change” Journal of Socio-economic Literature, pp. 48-90.

Nelson, Richard R and S. Winter (1974), 'Neoclassical vs. Evolutionary Theories of Socio-economic Growth: Critique and Prospectus', Socio-economic Journal, 84: 886-905.

----- (1977), "In Search of Useful Theory of Innovation." Research Policy 6: 36-76.

----- (1982), An Evolutionary Theory of Socio-economic Change, Cambridge: MA, Harvard University Press.

Patel, P. and K. Pavitt (1994), “The Nature and Socio-economic Importance of National Innovation Systems”, STI Review, No. 14, OECD, Paris.

Provost L. A., et al. (2009) “Optical WDM Regeneration: Status and Future Prospects”, Conference paper Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) San Diego, California.

Romer, Paul M. (1986), "Increasing Returns and Long-run Growth," Journal of Political Economy, October, 94:5, 1002-1037.

----- (1987), 'Growth Based on Increasing Returns due to Specialization,' American Socio-economic Review, 77, 56-62.

----- (1990a), "Endogenous Technological Change," Journal of Political Economy, October, 98, S71-102.

Stephen Hardy, (2008) http://www.lightwaveonline.com/fttx/featured-articles/wdmndashpon-faces-battle-for-acceptance-54891807.html

Wang, J-H., 2006, China's dualist model on technological catching up: a comparative perspective: The Pacific Review, Volume 19, Number 3, September

Wu W., 2007, Building Research Universities for Knowledge Transfer - The case of China, in Shahid Y. and Nabeshima K., (eds), 2007, How Universities Promote Economic Growth, The World Bank, Washington DC

Zeng D.Z., and Wang S., 2007, China and the Knowledge Economy: Challenges and Opportunities, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4223, May 2007.