Ecosystem Services - Ökonomische Analyse ihres Verlusts, ihre Bewertung und Steuerung

Loft, Lasse and Lux, Alexandra (2010): Ecosystem Services - Ökonomische Analyse ihres Verlusts, ihre Bewertung und Steuerung. Published in: BiK-F Knowledge Flow Papers No. No. 10 (September 2010): pp. 1-17.

Abstract

The Knowledge Flow Paper at hand gives an overview of the economic reasons for the loss of biodiversity and eco¬system services, i.e. the public goods character and externalities. It points out that natural ecosystems have a higher economic value than currently reflected by market prices. The paper then focuses on policy instruments particularly Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) that take into account those values which are not refelected by markets. For the design of policy instruments subjective preferences of the stakeholders concerning the use of ecosystem services are an important information. In economics these preferences are typically narrowed down to a monetary value. Therefore the paper deals with the opportunities and challenges of methods for economic valuation of ecosystem services. It concludes that these methods have restrictions and that it will be impossible to come up with a precise global monetary value, because subjective preferences differ in time and from on place to another. On a smaller scale however monetary values can be generated more precise. Economic valuation is thus seen as an additional criteria in decision making besides ecological assessments and ethics.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• English Title: Ecosystem Services - Economic Analysis of their loss, their valuation and regulation
• Language: German
• Keywords: Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity, valuation
• Subjects: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q5 - Environmental Economics > Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q5 - Environmental Economics > Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services ; Biodiversity Conservation ; Bioeconomics ; Industrial Ecology

References

Angelsen, Arild/Sheila Wertz-Kanounnikoff (2008): What are the key design issues for REDD and the criteria for assessing options? In: Arlid Angelsen (Hg.): Moving Ahead with REDD – Issues, Options and Implications. Bogor: CIFOR, 11–22

Asquith, Nigel M./Maria Teresa Var-gas/Sven Wunder (2008): Selling two environmental services: In-kind pay-ments for bird habitat and watershed protection in Los Negros, Bolivia. In: Ecological Economics 65, 675–684

Barbier, Edward B. (2009): Ecosystems as Natural Assets. In: Foundations and Trends in Microeconomics 4, 611–681

Barbier, Edward B./Stefan Baumgärt-ner/Kanchan Chopra/Christopher Cos-tello/Anantha Duraiappah/ Rashid Hassan/Ann P. Kinzig/Markus Leh-man/Unai Pascual/Stephen Polasky/Charles Perrings (2009): The Valuation of Ecosystem Services. Chapter 18. In: Naeem, Shahid/Daniel E. Bunker/Andy Hector/Michel Loreau/Charles Perrings (Eds.): Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning, and Human Wellbeing: An Ecological and Economic Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 248–262

Baumgärtner, Stefan (2007): The insur-ance value of biodiversity in the provision of ecosystem services. In: Natural Resource Modeling 20(1), 87–127

Baumgärtner, Stefan (2002): Der ökono-mische Wert der biologischen Viel-falt. In: Bayerische Akademie für Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege (Hg.): Grundlagen zum Verständnis der Artenvielfalt und seiner Bedeutung und der Maßnahmen, dem Artensterben entgegenzuwirken (Laufener Seminarbeiträge 2/02). Laufen/Salzach, 73–90

Baumol, William J./Wallace E. Oates (1975): The theory of environmental policy: externalities, public out-lays,

and the quality of life. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall

Bayon, Ricardo/Michael Jenkins (2010): The business of biodiversity. In: Nature 466, 184–185

Beck, Silke/Wanda Born/Silvia Dziock/Christoph Görg/ Bernd Hansjürgens/Klaus Henle/Kurt Jax/Wolfgang Köck/Carsten Neßhöver/Felix Rauschmeyer/Irene Ring/Katharina Schmidt-Loske/Herwig Unnerstall/ Heidi Wittmer (2006): Die Relevanz des Millenium Ecosystem Assessment für Deutschland. Leipzig/ Halle: UFZ

Beyerlin, Ulrich (2000): Umweltvölker-recht. München: C.H. Beck

Binder, Klaus Georg (1999): Grundzüge der Umweltökonomie. München: Vahlen

Bohlen, Patrick J./Sarah Lynch/Leonard Shabman/Mark Clark/Sanjay Shu-kla/Hilary Swain (2009): Paying for environmental services from agricul-tural lands: an example from the northern Everglades. In: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7, 46–55

Bonus, Holger (1980): Öffentliche Güter und der Öffentlichkeitsgrad von Gütern. Zeitschrift für die gesamten Staatswissenschaften 136, 50–81

Brander, Luke M./Pieter Van Beu-kering/Herman S.J. Cesar (2007): The recreational value of coral reefs: A meta-analysis. In: Ecological Economics 63, 209–218

Cansier, Dieter (1996): Umweltökonomie. Stuttgart: UTB

Chee, Young En (2004): An ecological perspective on the valuation of eco-system services. In: Biological Con-servation 120, 549–565

Christie, Mike/Ioan Fazey/Rob Cooper/Tony Hyde/An¬drea Deri/Liz Hughes/Glenn Bush/Luke Brander/Anton Nahman/Willem de Lange/Belinda Reyers (2008): An Evaluation of Economic and Non-eco¬nomic Techniques for Assessing the Importance of Bio-diversity to People in Developing Countries. Defra

Costanza, Robert/John Cumberland/Herman Daly/Robert Goodland/Richard Noorgard (2001): Einführung in die Ökologische Ökonomik. Deutsche Ausgabe hg. Thiemo W. von Eser/Jan A. Schwaab/Irmi Seidl/ Marcus Stewen. Stuttgart: Lucius&Lucius

Crowards, Tom M. (1998): Safe Minimum Standards: costs and opportunities. In: Ecological Economics 25, 303–314

Daily, Gretchen/Stephen Polasky/Joshua Goldstein/Peter M. Kareiva/Harold A. Mooney/Liba Pejchar/Taylor H. Rick-etts/James Salzman/Robert Shallen-berger (2009): Ecosystem services in decision making: time to deliver. In: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7, 21–28

Daily, Gretchen/Tore Söderqvist/Sara Aniyar/Kenneth Arrow/Partha Dasgup-ta/Paul R. Ehrlich/Carl Folke/ AnnMari Jansson/Bengt-Owe Jansson/Nils Kautsky/ Simon Levin/Jane Lubchenco/Karl-Göran Mäler/Da¬vid Simpson/David Starrett/David Tilman/Brian Walker (2000): The Value of Nature and the Nature of Value. In: Science 289, 395–396

De Groot, Rudolf S./Matthew A. Wil-son/Roelof M.J. Boumans (2002): A typology for the classification, de-scription and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services. In: Ecological Economics 41 (3), 393–408

De Groot, Rudolf S./Rob M. Alkemade/Leon Braat/Lars G. Hein/Louise Willemen (2010): Chal-lenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in land¬scape planning, management and decision making. In: Ecological Com-plexity 7, 260–272

Dobson, Andrew (1996): Environmental Sustainabilities: An Analysis and a Typology. In: Environmental Politics 5, 401–428

Eliasch, Johan (2008): Climate change: Financing global forests – Eliasch Review, London: UK Office of Climate Change

Engel, Stefanie/Stefano Pagiola/Sven Wunder (2008): Designing payments for environmental services in theory and practice: An overview of the issues. In: Ecological Economics 65, 663–674

Epiney, Astrid/Martin Scheyli (2000): Umweltvölkerrecht. Bern: Stämpfli

Fisher, Brendan/R. Kerry Turner/Paul Morling (2009): Defining and classi-fying ecosystem services for deci-sion making. In: Ecological Economics 68, 643–653

Freeman, A.Myrick (1993): The Measure-ment of Environmental and Resource Values. Baltimore: Resources for the Future Press

Geisendorf, Sylvie/Silke Grone-mann/Ulrich Hampicke (1998): Die Be-deutung des Naturvermögens und der Biodiversität für eine nachhaltige Wirtschaftsweise. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen ihrer Erfaßbarkeit und Wert-messung. Berlin: Schmidt

Greiber, Thomas (Hg.) (2009): Payments for Ecosystem Services – Legal and Institutional Frameworks. IUCN, Gland

Haines-Young, Roy/Marion Potschin (2010): The links between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. In: Raffaelli David G./Christopher L.J. Frid (Ed.) Ecosystem Ecology: a new synthesis. BES Ecological Reviews Series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 110-139

Hampicke, Ulrich (1991): Naturschutz-Ökonomie. Stuttgart: Ulmer

Hampicke, Ulrich (2006): Jeder Markt honoriert nicht den Aufwand, sondern das Ergebnis. In: Ökonomie der Hono-rierung ökologischer Leistungen. BfN-Skript 179, 159–170

Hardin, Garrett (1968): The Tragedy of the Commons. In: Science 162, 1243–1248

Hartje, Volkmar/Jürgen Meyer-hoff/Alexandra Dehnhardt (2003): Mo-netäre Bewertung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung der Stromlandschaft Elbe. Berlin: Technische Universität

Hesse, Günter (1983): Zur Erklärung der Änderung von Handlungsrechten mit Hilfe ökonomischer Theorie. In: Alfred Schüller (Hg.): Property Rights und ökonomische Theorie. München: Vahlen

Jax, Kurt (2010): Biodiversität und Ethik: http://www.ufz. de/index.php?de=19655

Kosz, Michael (1997): Probleme der mo-netären Bewertung von Biodiversität. In: Zeitschrift für Umweltpolitik und Umweltrecht 20 (4), 35–52

Krause, Roland/Rainer Marggraf/Kirsten Meyer (2008): Kann die Umweltökonomie den intrinsichen Wert der Natur berücksichtigen? In: Zeitschrift für Umweltpolitik und Umweltrecht 3, 293–313

Krutilla, John V. (1967): Conservation reconsidered. American Economic Re-view 57, 777–786

Lang, Eva (2001): Debatte umweltpolitischer Instrumente in Deutschland. In: Robert Costanza/John Cumberland/Herman Daly/Robert Goodland/Ri¬chard Noorgard: Einführung in die Ökologische Ökonomik. Deutsche Ausgabe hg. Thiemo W. von Eser/Jan A. Schwaab/Irmi Seidl/Marcus Stewen, Stuttgart: Lucius&Lucius

Loft, Lasse (2009): Erhalt und Finan-zierung biologischer Vielfalt – Sy-nergien zwischen internationalem Biodiversitäts- und Klimaschutzrecht, Berlin: Springer

Loft, Lasse (2010): Der Mechanismus zur Vermeidung von Emissionen aus Entwaldung und Degradation (REDD) – Nachhaltige Umsetzung eines Kli-maschutz¬instrumentes, http://nachhaltige-oekonomie. de/de/downloads-vortraege-u-veroeffentlichungen/ 160.html

Loft, Lasse/Alexandra Lux (2010): Eco-system Services – Eine Einführung. Knowledge Flow Paper No. 6. Frankfurt am Main. http://www.bik-f.de/root/index. php?page_id=215

Lyster, Simon (1985): International Wildlife Law. Cambridge: Grotius

Martín-López, Berta/Carlos Mon-tes/Javier Benayas (2007): The non-economic motives behind the willing-ness to pay for biodiversity conser-vation. In: Biodiversity Conservation 139, 67–82

Michaelis, Peter (1996): Ökonomische Instrumente in der Umweltpolitik. Heidelberg: Physica Verlag

Ojea Elena/Maria L. Loureiro (2007): Altruistic, egoistic and biospheric values in willingness to pay (WTP) for wildlife. In: Ecological Econom-ics, 63, 807–814

Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Hg.) (2003): Harnessing Markets for Biodiversity – Towards Conservation and Sustain-able Use. Paris: OECD

Ostrom, Elinor (1990): Governing the commons – the evolution of institu-tions for collective action. Cam-bridge: Cambridge University Press

Pagiola, Stefano/Platais, Gunars (2007): Payments for Environmental Services: From Theory to Practice. Washington: World Bank

Pascual, Unai/Roldan Muradian (2010): The economics of valuing ecosystem services and biodiversity. In: TEEB – Ecological and Economic Foundation: Chapter 5. http://www.teebweb.org/Ecologicaland Econo micFounda-tion/tabid/1018/language/en-US/Default. aspx).

Pearce, David W./R. Kerry Turner (1990): Economics of Natural Re-sources and the Environment, Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf

Pomar Borda, Ana Maria (2002): Das um-welt(völker)¬- rechtliche Prinzip der gemeinsamen, jedoch unter-schiedlichen Verantwortlichkeit und das internationale Schuldenmanagement, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang

Rogall, Holger (2010): Nachhaltige Ökonomie. Marburg: Metropolis

Rogall, Holger (2004): Ökonomie der Nachhaltigkeit. Wiesbaden: Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften

Smith, Mark/Rudolf de Groot/Daniele Perrot-Maîte/Ger Bergkamp (2006): Pay – Establishing payments for watershed services. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. Reprint (2008)

Spangenberg, Joachim H./Josef Settele (2010): Precisely incorrect? Monetising the value of ecosystem services. In: Ecological Complexity 7, 327–337

Satake, Akiko (2007): The role of eco-nomic incentives and social norms in forest resource management. In: Eco-logical Research 22, 21–22

Sterner, Thomas (2003): Policy Instru-ments for Environmental and Natural Resource Management. Washington DC: Resources for the Future

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodi-versity (TEEB) – European Communities (Hg.) (2008): An interim Report. Cambridge

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodi-versity (TEEB) – European Communi-ties (Hg.) (2009): TEEB for Policy Makers – Summary: Responding to the Value of Nature

Tomich, Thomas P./David E. Thomas/Meine van Noord¬wijk (2004): Environmental services and land use change in Southeast Asia: from recognition to regulation or reward? In: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 104, 229–244

Ullrich, Frank (2004): Verdünnte Verfügungsrechte. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag

Vatn, Arild (2010): An institutional analysis of payments for environmen-tal services. In: Ecological Econom-ics 69, 1245–1252

Vincent, Jeffrey R. (2007): Spatial dynamics, social norms, and the opportunity of the commons. In: Eco-logical Research 22, 3–7

Weimann, Joachim/Sönke Hoffmann (2003): Brauchen wir eine ökonomische Bewertung von Biodiversität? In: Joachim Weimann/Andreas Hoffmann/Sönke Hoff-mann (Hg.): Messung und ökonomische Bewertung von Biodiversität: Mission impossible? Marburg: Metropolis, 17–42

Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Bundesregierung Globale Umweltveränderungen (WBGU) (Hg.) (1999): Welt im Wandel: Umwelt und Ethik. Sondergutachten 1999. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer

Wunder, Sven (2005): Payments for en-vironmental services: some nuts and bolts. In: CIFOR Occassional Paper No. 42.

Wunder, Sven/Montserrat Albán (2008): Decentralized payments for environ-mental services: Thes cases of Pimampiro and PROFAFOR in Ecuador. In: Ecological Economics 65, 685–698

Zimmer, Tilmann (2004): CO2-Emissionsrechtehandel in der EU – Ökonomische Grundlagen und EG-rechtliche Probleme. Berlin: Erich Schmidt