Emran, M. Shahe and Shilpi, Forhad (2014): Gender, Geography and Generations: Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Post-reform India.
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_58316.pdf Download (771kB) | Preview |
Abstract
The existing studies report substantial improvements in educational mobility in post-reform India using intergenerational regression coefficient (IGRC) across age cohorts in a cross-section survey. In contrast, our estimates of sibling (SC) and intergenerational (IGC) correlations for the same age cohort from two surveys show strong persistence, stronger than in Latin America, which remained largely unchanged from 1991/92-2006. Only the women in urban areas experienced substantial improvements, with the lower caste urban women benefitting the most. As measures of mobility, IGC and SC are more informative and robust than IGRC, and the widely accepted conclusions based on IGRC alone may be misleading.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | Gender, Geography and Generations: Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Post-reform India |
English Title: | Gender, Geography and Generations: Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Post-reform India |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | Intergenerational Mobility, Education, Equality of Opportunity, Sibling Correlation, Intergenerational Correlation, Economic Liberalization, Rural-Urban Inequality, Gender Gap, India |
Subjects: | I - Health, Education, and Welfare > I0 - General I - Health, Education, and Welfare > I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O1 - Economic Development |
Item ID: | 58316 |
Depositing User: | Dr. M. Shahe Emran |
Date Deposited: | 09 Sep 2014 05:32 |
Last Modified: | 27 Sep 2019 09:07 |
References: | (1) Aslam. M. , G. Kingdon, A. De, and R. Kumar (2010), Economic Returns to Schooling and Skills: An Analysis of India and Pakistan, Working Paper. (2) Arrow, K, S. Bowles, S. Durlauf (2000). Meritocracy and Economic Inequality, Princeton University Press. (3) Atkinson, A (1981). “On Intergenerational Income Mobility in Britain”, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 3, 194-18. (4) Banerjee, Abhijit, and Thomas Piketty (2005). “Top Indian Incomes, 1922–2000.” World Bank Economic Review, 19(1): 1–20. (5) Bardhan, P (2010). Awakening Giants, Feet of Clay: Assessing the Economic Rise of China and India, Princeton University Press. (6) Bardhan, P (2007). “Poverty and Inequality in China and India: Elusive Link with Globalization”, Economic and Political Weekly, 42 (38). (7) Basu, K (2008), “The Enigma of India’s Arrival: A review of Arvind Virmani’s Propelling India: From Socialist Stagnation to Global Power”, Journal of Economic Literature, 46 (2). (8) Behrman, Jere R. and Paul Taubman (1986). “Birth Order, Schooling and Earnings”, Journal of Labor Economics, 4(3). (9) Behrman, J., E. Hannum, M. Wang, and J. Liu (2008): Education in the Reform Era, in Brandt and T. Rawski Ed: China's Great Economic Transformation, Cambridge university Press. (10) Bjorklund A and K. Salvanes. (2011). “Education and Family Background: Mechanisms and Policies,” Handbook in the Economics of Education vol 3, EA Hanushek, S Machin and L Woessmann (es.), The Netherlands: North Holland, 2011, pp. 201-247. (11) Bjorklund A, Lindahl L, Lindquist M. (2010). “What More Than Parental Income, Education and Occupation? An Exploration of What Swedish Siblings Get from Their Parents.” B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 10 (1) (Contributions), Article 102. (12) Bjorklund A, Jantti, M, Lindquist, M. (2009). “Family background and income during the rise of the welfare state: trends in brother correlations for Swedish men born 1932-1968.” Journal of Public Economics, 93 (5-6), 671-680. (13) Björklund, Anders & Jäntti, Markus, 2012. "How important is family background for labor-economic outcomes?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 465-474. (14) Black, S. E. and P. Devereux (2010). “Recent Developments in Intergenerational Mobility”, Forthcoming Handbook of Labor Economics. (15) Black, S. E., P. Devereux and K. Salvanes (2005). “The More the Merrier? The Effect of Family Composition on Children’s Outcomes”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(2), 669–700. (16) Blanden, J, P. Gregg, S. Machin (2005). Intergenrational Mobility in Europe and North America, Center For Economic Performance Report, April, 2005. (17) Blanden J., A. Goodman, P. Gregg, and S. Machin (2004). Changes in Intergenerational Mobility in Britain, in M. Corak (ed.) Generational Income Mobility, Cambridge University Press. (18) Blanden, J. P. Gregg and L. Macmillan (2008). Accounting for Intergenerational Persistence: Non-Cognitive Skills, Ability and Education, Economic Journal, 117, C43-C60. (19) Conley, Dalton and Rebecca Glauber (2008). “All In the Family? Family Composition, Resources, and Similarity in Socioeconomic Status”. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 26, 297–306. (20) Dahan, M and A. Gaviria (2001), “Sibling Correlations and Intergenerational Mobility in Latin America”, Economic Development and Cultural Change”, Vol 49, no.3. (21) Datt, G and M. Ravallion (2010), “Shining for the Poor, Too?” Economic and Political Weekly, February 13 2010. (22) Dearden, L and S. Machin, and H. Reed (1997): Intergenerational Mobility in Britain, Economic Journal, January, pp.47-66. (23) Deaton, A, and J. Dreze (2002). “Poverty and Inequality in India: A Re-Examination”, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 37, No. 36 (Sep. 7-13, 2002), pp. 3729-3748. (24) Dreze, J and A. Sen (2011), “ Putting Growth In Its Place: It has to be but a means to development, not an end in itself”, Otlook India.com, Nov 14, 2011. (25) Duraisamy, P. (2002). “Changes in the returns to education in India, 1983–94: by gender, age-cohort and location”, Economics of Education Review, 21(6), 609–622. (26) Emran, M. Shahe and F. Shilpi. 2011. “Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Rural Economy: Evidence from Nepal and Vietnam”, Journal of Human Resources, 46(2), p.427-458. (27) Emran. M. Shahe and Yan Sun (2011). “Magical Transition? Intergenerational Educational and Occupational Mobility in Rural China: 1988-2002”, Paper presented at American Economic Association Annual Conference, Denver, 2011. (28) Emran, M Shahe and F. Shilpi (2014), “It Depends on How You Measure it: The Co-resident Sample Bias in Estimating Intergenerational Economic Mobility,” Working Paper, World Bank. (29) Gelbach, J (2009), When Do Covariates Matter? And How Much?, Working paper, ASU. (30) Goldberger, A. (1989), "Economic and Mechanical Models of Intergenerational Transmission," American Economic Review, vol. 79, no.3, 504-513. (31) Green, F, S. Machin, R. Murphy, and Y Zhu (2010), The Changing Economic Advantage From Private Schools, Working Paper. (32) Hnatkovska, V., A. Lahiri and S. Paul. 2013. “Breaking the Caste Barrier: Intergenerational Mobility in India,” Journal of Human Resources. (33) Hertz Tom, Tamara Jayasundera, Patrizio Piraino, Sibel Selcuk, Nicole Smith and Alina Veraschagina. 2007. “The Inheritance of Educational Inequality: International Comparisons and Fifty-Year Trends”. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy (Advances), 7(2), Article 10. (34) Kotwal, A, B. Ramaswami and W. Wadhwa (2011). "Economic Liberalization and Indian Economic Growth: What's the Evidence?," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 49(4), pages 1152-99, December. (35) Jalan, J. and R. Murgai. 2008. “Intergenerational Mobility in Education in India”, Manuscript, World Bank, Delhi. (36) Jalan, J and M. Ravallion (1999), "China's Lagging Poor Areas," American Economic Review, vol. 89(2). (37) Jushong, Z and R. Kanbur (2012), “Confronting Rising Inequality in Asia”, Chapter in Asian Development Outlook 2012, ADB. (38) Kingdon, G (2007). "The progress of school education in India," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, vol. 23(2), pages 168-195, Summer. (39) Kochhar, K., U. Kumar, R. Rajan, A. Subramanian and I. Tokatlidis. 2006. “India’s pattern of development: What happened, what follows?" Journal of Monetary Economics, 53 (5): 981–1019. (40) Lillard, L, and R. J. Willis, 1994. "Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Effects of Family and State in Malaysia," Journal of Human Resources, vol. 29(4), pages 1126-1166. (41) Lindahl, L. 2008. “A Comparison of Family and Neighborhood Effects on Grades, Test Scores, Educational Attainment and Income—Evidence from Sweden”. Essay III in L. Lindahl, Family Background and Individual Achievement, dissertation no.75, Swedish Institute for Social Research. (42) Lindahl L (forthcoming) “Does the Childhood Environment Matter for School Performance, Education and Income? - Evidence from a Stockholm Cohort.” Journal of Economic Inequality. (43) Luke, N and K. Munshi (2011), “Women as Agents of Change: Female Income and Mobility in India”, Journal of Development Economics, vol. 94, 2011. (44) Maitra, P and A. Sharma (2010), “Parents and Children: Education Across Generations in India”, Working paper, Monash University. (45) Mazmuder, B (2012), “Is intergenerational economic mobility lower now than in the past?”, Chicago Fed Letter, April 2012. (46) Mazumder, B. 2011. “Family and Community Influences on Health and Socioeconomic Status: Sibling Correlations Over the Life Course,” The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy: Vol. 11: Iss. 3 (Contributions), Article 1. (47) Mazumder, B. 2008. “Sibling Similarities and Economic Inequality in the US” Journal of Population Economics, 21, p. 685-701. (48) Munshi, Kaivan and Mark Rosenzweig. 2006. "Traditional Institutions Meet the Modern World: Caste, Gender, and Schooling Choice in a Globalizing Economy," American Economic Review, vol. 96(4), pages 1225-1252, September. (49) Plomin, R, DeFries, J, P. McGuffin, G. McClearn, and (2001). Behavioral Genetics, Worth Publishers, New York, 4th Edition. (50) Prasad, E (2012), “A Clarion Call for Emerging Markets”, Project Syndicate, February 14, 2012. (51) Pratham. 2010. “ASER 2009 – Annual Status of Education Report (Rural) 2009”, New Delhi, Pratham Resource Center. (52) Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia, Anders Skrondal and Andrew Pickles. 2002. “Reliable Estimation of Generalized Linear Mixed Models Using Adaptive Quadrature,” Stata Journal, 2(1), 1-21. (53) Ravallion, Martin (2000): “Should Poverty Measures be Anchored to the National Accounts?”, Economic and Political Weekly, 34 (35 and 36), 26 August, 3245-52. (54) Sen, A. and Himanshu (2004), “Poverty and Inequality in India-II: Widening Disparities during the 1990s”, Economic & Political Weekly, 39 (55) Solon, Gary (1999). “Intergenerational Mobility in the Labor Market,” in O. Ashenfelter and D. Card (eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics 3A, Elsevier, Amsterdam, North Holland. (56) Solon, G, M. Page, and G. Duncan (2000). “Correlations between Neighboring Children in Their Subsequent Educational Attainment,” Review of Economics and Statistics 82(3), 383-392. (57) Solon, G, M. Corcoran, R. Gordon and D. Laren. 1991. “A Longitudinal Study of Sibling Correlations in Economic Status,” Journal of Human Resources 26 (3), 509-534. (58) Srivastava, S (2004), “India mega-wedding justifies hype”, BBC Online, February 11, 2004. (59) Strauss, John and Thomas, Duncan, 1995. "Human resources: Empirical modeling of household and family decisions," Handbook of Development Economics, in: Hollis Chenery† & T.N. Srinivasan (ed.), Handbook of Development Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 34, pages 1883-2023 Elsevier. (60) Woolsey, M (2008), World's Most Expensive Homes: Inside the World's First Billion-Dollar Home”, Forbes Com, April 30, 2008. (61) Walton, M (2010). Inequality, Rents and the Long-run Transformation of India, Working Paper, KSG, Harvard University. (62) World Bank (2011). Perspectives on Poverty in India: Stylized Facts from Survey Data, World Bank, Washington DC. |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/58316 |