Spatial Patterns of Sanitation in Rural Vietnam: An Application of Small Area Estimation

Nguyen, Cuong (2017): Spatial Patterns of Sanitation in Rural Vietnam: An Application of Small Area Estimation.

Abstract

Diarrhea is one of the main causes for mortality of under-five children (Boschi-Pinto et al., 2008), and this disease can be attributed to deficient hygiene, sanitation and water supply (Bartram and Cairncross, 2010). Information on spatial patterns of sanitation is very important for sanitation support programs. In this study, we estimate and construct spatial maps of the proportion of households using sanitary latrines in rural Vietnam using a small area estimation method. It shows that there is a great spatial variation in the sanitary latrine rate. Within the same rural districts, the proportion of households using sanitary latrines varies largely across communes.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: Sanitary latrine, poverty mapping, small area estimation, Vietnam
• Subjects: I - Health, Education, and Welfare > I1 - Health; O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O1 - Economic Development

References

Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI) (2011), “Decision on the Plan of The Rural Agriculture and Fishery Census 2011”, Decision No. 338-BKHDT, dated on March 17, 2011, Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI) of Vietnam, Vietnam.

General Statistical Office (GSO) (2011), Viet Nam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2011, Final Report, 2011, Ha Noi, Viet Nam.

Elbers, C., Lanjouw, J. and Lanjouw, P., (2002), “Micro-Level estimation of welfare.” Policy Research Working Paper No. WPS 2911. The World Bank.

Elbers, C., Lanjouw, J. and Lanjouw, P., (2003), “Micro-level estimation of poverty and inequality,” Econometrica, 71(1), 355-364.

Boschi-Pinto, C., Velebit, L. & Shibuya, K. (2008), "Estimating child mortality due to diarrhoea in developing countries", World Health Organization. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86(9), 710-7.

The Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2015), Levels & Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2015, the United Nations Children’s Fund, the World Health Organization, the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division.

Bartram, J., and Cairncross, S. 2010, "Hygiene, Sanitation, and Water: Forgotten Foundations of Health", PLoS Medicine, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. e1000367.

World Bank (2015), World Development Indicators, accessed on November 30, 2015, at http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.ACSN/countries?display=default

Bigman, D. and Fofack, H., 2000, Geographic targeting for poverty alleviation: methodology and applications. Washington DC: World Bank Regional and Sectoral Studies.

Elbers, C., Fujii, T., Lanjouw, P., Ozler, B., Yin, W., 2007, “Poverty alleviation through geographic targeting: How much does disaggregation help?”, Journal of Development Economics, 83, 198-213.

Nguyen, C. (2012), "A Method to Update Poverty Maps," Journal of Development Studies, vol. 48(12), 1844-1863.

Bui, T. and Nguyen, C. (2017). "Spatial Poverty Reduction in Vietnam: An Application of Small Area Estimation," Economics Bulletin, vol. 37(3), 1785-1796.

Lanjouw, P., Marra, M., Nguyen, C. (2017). "Vietnam’s Evolving Poverty Index Map: Patterns and Implications for Policy," Social Indicators Research, vol. 133(1), 93-118.

Bedi, T., Coudouel, A. and Simer, S. (2007), More than a Pretty Picture: Using PovertyMaps to Design Better Policies and Interventions (Washington, DC: The World Bank).

Minot, N., Baulch, B., and Epprecht, M., 2003, Poverty and Inequality in Vietnam: Spatial Patterns and Geographic Determinants. Final report of project “Poverty Mapping and Market Access in Vietnam” conducted by IFPRI and IDS.