Как да измерим управленческата устойчивост на българското селско стопанство?

Bachev, Hrabrin and Ivanov, Bojidar and Sarov, Angel (2020): Как да измерим управленческата устойчивост на българското селско стопанство?

Abstract

A need to include “the fourth” Governance pillar in the concept for understanding and the assessment system of (overall and) agrarian sustainability is increasingly justified in academic literature and finds place in the frameworks of government, international, private, etc. organizations. Nevertheless, still there is no general consensus on: whether and how to include the governance as a new pillar of agrarian sustainability; how to define the governance sustainability; what are the relations between the governance sustainability of a farming enterprise and agriculture; what are the critical factors of governance sustainability; how to formulate, select, measure and integrate diverse sustainability indicators; and how to properly evaluate the level of governance sustainability, etc. In Bulgaria, like in many other countries, practically there are no comprehensive assessments of the governance sustainability of agriculture and its importance for the overall agrarian development. This study tries to fill the gap and suggests a holistic framework for understanding and assessing the governance sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture. The newly elaborated approach is “tested” in assessment of the governance sustainability of country’s agriculture The study has proved that it is important to include the “missing” Governance Pillar in the assessment of the Integral sustainability of agriculture. Governance sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture indicates that the Overall Governance Sustainability is at a “Good” but very close to the “Satisfactory” level. Besides, results on the integral agrarian sustainability assessment based on micro (farm) and macro (statistical, etc.) data show some discrepancies which have to be taken into consideration in the analysis and interpretation, while assessment indicators, methods and data sources further improved. Having in mind the importance of holistic assessments of this kind for improving the agrarian sustainability in general, and the Governance sustainability of agriculture in particular, they are to be expended and their precision and representation increased. The later requires improvement of the precision through enlargement of surveyed farms and stakeholders, and incorporating more “objective” data from surveys, statistics, expertise of professionals in the area, etc. Since the elaboration of an effective framework for Governance sustainability assessment is far from complete our and other emerging suggestions have to be further discussed, experimented, improved and adapted to the specific conditions of evaluating agricultural system and needs of decision-makers at different levels.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• English Title: How to measure the governance sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture?
• Language: Bulgarian
• Keywords: governance sustainability, agriculture, assessment, Bulgaria
• Subjects: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q0 - General > Q01 - Sustainable Development; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy

References

Башев Х. (2006): Оценка на устойчивостта на българските ферми, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 3, 18-28.

Башев Х. (2006): Управление на аграрната и селска устойчивост, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 4, 27-37.

Башев Х. (2009): Оценка на въздействието на ОСП на ЕС върху устойчивостта на животновъдните стопанства, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 1, 8-18.

Башев Х. (2015): Подход за оценка на устойчивостта на земеделските стопанства“, сп.Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, бр. 3, 12-36.

Башев Х. (2015): Оценка на системата за управление на аграрната устойчивост, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, бр.4, 21-48.

Башев Х. (2016): УСТОЙЧИВОСТ НА ЗЕМЕДЕЛСКИТЕ СТОПАНСТВА В БЪЛГАРИЯ, Анангард, София.

Башев Х. (2016): ДЕФИНИРАНЕ И ОЦЕНКА НА УСТОЙЧИВОСТТА НА ФЕРМИТЕ, сп. Икономически изследвания, бр.3, 158-188.

Башев Х. (2016): Устойчивост на фермата, сп. Икономика 21, No 1, 22-58.

Башев Х. (2017): Устойчивост на управленческите структури в българското земеделие - равнище, фактори, перспективи, сп, Економика 21, 69-95.

Башев Х. (2018): Влияние на институционалната среда върху аграрната устойчивост в България, Икономическа мисъл, 4, 3-32.

Башев Х. (2018): ВЪЗДЕЙСТВИЕ НА ПАЗАРНИТЕ, ЧАСТНИТЕ, КОЛЕКТИВНИТЕ И ХИБРИДНИТЕ ФОРМИ НА УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ВЪРХУ АГРАРНАТА УСТОЙЧИВОСТ В БЪЛГАРИЯ, Икономика 21, 2, 131-176.

Х. Башев и К. Че (редактори) (2018): Управление и оценка на аграрната устойчивост в България и Китай, ИАИ, София.

Башев Х., Б. Иванов, Д. Тотева (2019): Оценка на устойчивостта на основните подотрасли на българското селско стопанство, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, бр.2, 34-50.

Башев Х., Б. Иванов, Д. Тотева (2019): Оценка на устойчивостта на основните подотрасли на българското селско стопанство, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, бр.2, 34-50.

Башев Х. И Д. Ванев (2017): Управленческа, икономическа, социална и екологическа устойчивост на земеделските стопанства, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, бр.1, 18-42.

Башев Х., Б. Иванов, Д. Тотева (2019): Устойчивост на аграрните екосистеми в България, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, бр.64, 1, 39-55.

Башев Х., Н. Котева, Д. Митова, Б. Иванов, М. Анастасова-Чопева, Д. Тотева, А. Саров, Е. Соколова, К. Тодорова, А. Митов, Д. Ванев (2019): Оценка на устойчивостта на българското селско стопанство, ИАИ.

Башев Х., Б. Иванов, А. Саров (2020): Подход за оценка на управленческата устойчивост на българското селско стопанство, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, бр. 4.

Сяров А. (2019): Оценка на управлнеческата устойчивост на земеделските стопанства в България, Авангард Прима.

Хаджиева В., Д.Митова, М.Анастасова, Х.Башев, В.Мицов и С.Маджарова (2005): Планиране на устойчивото развитие на земеделското стопанство, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 5, 37-43.

Altinay H. (2012): Global Governance Audit, Global Economy & Development, Working Paper 49, Brookings Institution, Washington, DC.

ASA (2019): More than Green, ASA, http://www.morethangreen.es/en/ideology/four-sustainabilities-cultural-economic-social-environmental-sustainability/#sthash.IjtNJlyH.dpbs

Bachev H. (2005): Assessment of Sustainability of Bulgarian Farms, proceedings, XIth Congress of the European Association of Agricultural Economists, Copenhagen.

Bachev H. (2010): Governance of Agrarian Sustainability, New York: Nova Science Publishers.

Bachev H (2016): A Framework for Assessing Sustainability of Farming Enterprises, Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, Spring Issue, Vol XI, 1(39), 24-43.

Bachev H. (2016): Defining and Assessing the Governance of Agrarian Sustainability, Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, Volume VII, Issue 4(18), 797-816.

Bachev H. (2017): Socio-economic and environmental sustainability of Bulgarian farms. Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E- Journal, vol. 3 (2), 5–21.

Bachev H. (2017): Sustainability Level of Bulgarian Farms, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 23 (1), 1-13.

Bachev H. (2017): Sustainability of Bulgarian Farming Enterprises during EU CAP Implementation, Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 2(48), 422-451.

Bachev H. (2018): The Sustainability of Farming Enterprises in Bulgaria, Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Bachev H. (2018): Institutional Environment and Climate Change Impacts on Sustainability of Bulgarian Agriculture, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 24 (4), 523-536.

Bachev H. (2020): Measuring the New Governance Pillar of Agrarian Sustainability at Farm, Sectoral and National Level in Bulgaria, Asian Business Research Journal, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1-9, 28-38.

Bachev H. (2020): Governance Sustainability of Agriculture at National, Territorial and Farm Levels in Bulgaria, Social Sciences Review Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1-13.

Bachev H., B. Ivanov, D. Toteva, E. Sokolova (2016): Agrarian Sustainability and its Governance – Understanding, Evaluation, Improvement, Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, Vol. 7, issue 4 (16), 639-663.

Bachev H., B. Ivanov, D.Toteva and E.Sokolova (2017): Agrarian sustainability in Bulgaria – economic, social and ecological aspects, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 23 (4), 519-525.

Bachev H., B. Ivanov, A. Sarov (2020): Unpacking Governance Sustainability of Bulgarian Agriculture, Economic Studies, 6,106-137

Bachev H., B.Ivanov, A. Sarov (2020): Why and How to Assess the “Governance” Aspect of Agrarian Sustainability ­ The Case of Bulgaria, Agricultural Research Updates. Volume 30, Editors Prathamesh Gorawala and Srushti Mandhatri, Nova Science Publisher.

Bachev H., B. Ivanov, A. Sarov (2021): Assessing Governance Aspect of Agrarian Sustainability in Bulgaria, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3.

Bachev H. and A.Peeters (2005): Framework for Assessing Sustainability of Farms, in Farm Management and Rural Planning No 6, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 221-239

Bachev H. and D.Terziev (2017): Environmental Sustainability of Agricultural Farms in Bulgaria, Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, Vol 8 No 5 (2017): JEMT Volume VIII Issue 5(21) Fall 2017, 968-994.

Bachev, H., Terziev, D. (2018): A Study on Institutional, Market and Natural Environment Impact on Agrarian Sustainability in Bulgaria, Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, Vol. IX, Issue 3 (27), 452-478.

Bachev, H., Terziev, D. (2019): Sustainability of Agricultural Industries in Bulgaria, Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, Volume XIV, Issue 1(63) Spring 2019, 118-129.

Baeker G. (2014): Fourth Pillar of Sustainability, Economicdevelopment.org, February 18, 2014, http://economicdevelopment.org/2014/02/fourth-pillar-of-sustainability-2/

Bhuta N. and G.Umbach (2014): Global Governance by Indicators, European University Institute, http://globalgovernanceprogramme.eui.eu/global-governance-by-indicators/

Bell S. and Morse S. (2008): Sustainability Indicators: Measuring the Immeasurable? Earthscan: London.

Brklacich M., Bryant C. and B.Smith (1991): Review and appraisal of concept of sustainable food production systems, Environmental Management, 15(1): 1-14.

Bosselmann K., R. Engel, and P. Taylor (2008): Governance for Sustainability – Issues, Challenges, Successes, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

Burford G., E. Hoover, I. Velasco, S. Janoušková, A. Jimenez, G. Piggot, D. Podger and M. Harder (2013): Bringing the “Missing Pillar” into Sustainable Development Goals: Towards Intersubjective Values-Based Indicators, Sustainability 2013, 5, 3035-3059.

City of Brooks (2019): Municipal Sustainability Plan, Five Pillars, City of Brooks https://www.brooks.ca/211/Sustainability

Cruz F., Y. Mena, V. Rodríguez-Estévez (2018): Methodologies for Assessing Sustainability in Farming Systems, in S. Gokten and P. Okan Gokten Sustainability Assessment and Reporting,, IntechOpen CoastalWiki (2019): Measuring sustainability: The self-assessment of sustainability using indicators and a means of scoring them, Coastal Wiki, http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Measuring_sustainability

EC (2001): A Framework for Indicators for the Economic and Social Dimensions of Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development, European Commission.

Edwards C.,R.Lal, P.Madden, R.Miller and G.House (editors) (1990): Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Soil and Water Conservation Society, Iowa.

EU (2019): European Governance, EU, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/summary/glossary/governance.html

FAO (2013): SAFA. Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture systems indicators, FAO.

Fraser E., Dougill A., Mabee W., Reed M., McAlpine P. (2006): Bottom up and top down: Analysis of participatory processes for sustainability indicator identification as a pathway to community empowerment and sustainable environmental management. Journal Environment Management, 78, 114–127.

IFAD (1999): Good Governance: An Overview, IFAD, Executive Board – Sixty-Seventh Session, Rome, 8-9 September 1999, EB 99/67/INF.4.

Ganev G. M. Popova, F. Bönke (2018): Bulgaria Report, Sustainable Governance Indicators 2018, SGI 2018, 2, Bertelsmann Stiftung.

Georgiev, М. (2013): Impact of the Administration Structure and Transaction Costs on the Agricultural Land Market, Trakia Journal of Sciences, 11(11), 527-534.

Gibson R. (2006): Beyond the Pillars: Sustaibaility Assessment as a Framework for Effective Integration of Social, Economic and Ecological Considerations in Significant Decision-Making, Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, Vol. 8, No. 3, 259-280.

Hansen J. (1996): Is Agricultural Sustainability a Useful Concept, Agricultural Systems 50: 117-143.

Hayati D. Z. Ranjbar, and E. Karami (2010): Measuring Agricultural Sustainability, in E. Lichtfouse (ed.), Biodiversity, Biofuels, Agroforestry and Conservation Agriculture, Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 5, Springer Science, 73-100.

Kayizari C. (2018): Good Governance as a pillar of Sustainable Development in Africa, PPP https://www.aydin.edu.tr/tr-tr/arastirma/arastirmamerkezleri/afrikam/Documents/Oturum%203%20-%20Good-Governance-as-a-pillar-for-sustainable-Development-in-Africa_CaesarKayizari.pdf

Koteva N., H. Bachev (2011): A study on competitiveness of Bulgarian farms, Economic Tought, Volume 7, 95-123.

Marinov P. (2019), Index of localization of agricultural holdings and employees in the rural areas of the South Central Region for Bulgaria, Volume 25, Issue 3, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural, pp. 464-467.

Mirovitskaya N. and W.Ascher (editors) (2001): Guide to Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy, Duke University Press, London.

Kamalia F., J.Borges, M.Meuwissen, I. Boer, A.Lansink (2017): Sustainability assessment of agricultural systems: The validity of expert opinion and robustness of a multi-criteria analysis, Agricultural Systems, Vol. 157, 118-128.

Lewandowski, I., Härdtlein M., Kaltschmitt M. (1999): Sustainable crop production: definition and methodological approach for assessing and implementing sustainability. Crop science 39:184-193.

Lopez-Ridauira S., O. Masera, and M. Astier (2002): Evaluating the sustainability of complex socio-environmental systems. The MESMIS framework. Ecological indicators 2: 135-148.

Lowrance R., P, Hendrix, and E. Odum (2015): A hierarchical approach to sustainable agriculture, American Journal of Alternative Agriculture.

Monkelbaan J. (2017): Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals: Theoretical insights and case studies for making sustainability governance more integrative, V. R. F. Series, No. 499, INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, JAPAN EXTERNAL TRADE ORGANIZATION.

Monkelbaan J. (2018): Governance for the Sustainable Development Goals Exploring an Integrative Framework of Theories, Tools, and Competencies, Springer.

Nurse K. (2006): Culture as the Fourth Pillar of Sustainable Development; Commonwealth Secretariat: London, UK.

OECD (2001): Environmental indicators for agriculture. Volume 3: Methods and Results. OECD, Paris.

Raman, S. (2006). Agricultural Sustainability. Principles, Processes and Prospect., New York: The Haworth Press Inc.

RMIT University (2017): The four pillars of sustainability. RMIT University https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/sustainable-business/1/steps/157438

Simberova I., A. Kocmanova, P. Nemecek (2012): Corporate Governance Performance Measurement – Key Performance Indicators, Economics and Management, Vol 17, No 4, http://158.129.0.15/index.php/Ekv/article/view/3033/0

Scobie S. and O. Young (2018): Integrating Governance into the Sustainable Development Goals, Post2015, UNU-IAS, Policy Brief 3.

Sauvenier X., J. Valekx, N. Van Cauwenbergh, E. Wauters, H.Bachev. K.Biala, C. Bielders, V. Brouckaert, V. Garcia-Cidad, S. Goyens, M.Hermy, E. Mathijs, B.Muys, M.Vanclooster. and A.Peeters (2005): Framework for Assessing Sustainability Levels in Belgium Agricultural Systems – SAFE, Belgium Science Policy, Brussels.

Singh R., H.Murty, S. Gupta, A.Dikshit (2009): An overview of sustainability assessment methodologies, Ecological indicators, 9, 189–212.

Spangenberg J., Pfahl S. Deller K. (2002): Towards indicators for institutional sustainability: Lessons from an analysis of Agenda 21. Ecological Indicators, 2, 61–77.

Terziev D., D. Radeva, & Y. Kazakova (2018): A new look on agricultural sustainability and food safety: Economic viability, in H. BACHEV, S. CHE, S. YANCHEVA (Editors) Agrarian and Rural Revitalisation Issues in China and Bulgaria, KSP Books, 231-242.

UCLG (2014): Culture: Fourth Pillar of Sustainable Development, United Cities and Local Governments, Barcelona.

VanLoon G., S. Patil, and L.Hugar (2005): Agricultural Sustainability: Strategies for Assessment. London: SAGE Publications.

UN (2015): The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), United Nation.