The Socio-Economic Challenges Facing Asia Due to Insufficient Earnings and Employment

Singh Tomar, Ashish (2022): The Socio-Economic Challenges Facing Asia Due to Insufficient Earnings and Employment. Published in: Amity University Press , Vol. 4, No. 2 (16 October 2022): pp. 57-66.

Abstract

Despite inadequate earnings and employment, Asia continues to face socio economic challenges that existed prior to the pandemic and have contributed to the region's difficulty in creating decent jobs and advancing towards employment. From an Asian perspective, the purpose of this study is to examine, from an Asian perspective, the extent and influence of vulnerabilities among workers as well as the socio-economic challenges they pose to the economy. After a systematic analysis of literary sources and approaches to addressing the issue of vulnerable employment, a conclusion can be drawn that such employment is unsustainable. This is based on the analysis of literary sources and approaches. As a result, it does not promote a stable economy, a strong workforce, or a stable social environment. There has also been evidence to support the idea that the appearance of such a trend has the potential to cause social unrest as a result of such a tendency. In the Asian context, it is imperative that we examine the classical definition of vulnerable employment in the context of Asian markets in order to assess the relevance of this scientific problem. In addition to the study of the effects of certain socio-economic factors on the employment of vulnerable individuals, and/or strengthening the adverse effects of vulnerable employment on those already in need, we should also examine the effects of vulnerability on those already affected.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: Labor and economic impact, Vulnerable labor and Asia, Socio-Economic Challenges and employment, insufficient earnings in Asia, Socio-economic challenges and labor
• Subjects: A - General Economics and Teaching > A1 - General Economics > A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values; A - General Economics and Teaching > A1 - General Economics > A14 - Sociology of Economics; E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics > E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy > E24 - Employment ; Unemployment ; Wages ; Intergenerational Income Distribution ; Aggregate Human Capital ; Aggregate Labor Productivity; J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor > J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

References

Adams, Bert N., and Victor Jesudason. "The employment of Ugandan Asian refugees in Britain, Canada, and India." Ethnic and racial studies 7.4 (1984): 462-477.

Adams, John. "Peasant rationality: individuals, groups, cultures." World Development 14.2 (1986): 273-282.

Adams, Arvil, et al. The World Bank's treatment of employment and labor market issues. World Bank, 1992.

Amsden, Alice H. "Diffusion of development: The late-industrializing model and greater East Asia." The american economic review 81.2 (1991): 282-286.

Bach, Robert L., and Rita Carroll-Seguin. "Labor force participation, household composition and sponsorship among Southeast Asian refugees." International Migration Review20.2 (1986): 381-404.

Baisya, Rajat K., and Si1ddhartha Paul Tiwari. "E-governance Challenges and Strategies for Better-managed Projects." Emerging Technologies in E-Government (2008): 203-208.

Binswanger, Hans P., and Mark R. Rosenzweig, eds. Contractual arrangements, employment, and wages in rural labor markets in Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984.

Borland, Jeff, and Xiaokai Yang. "Specialization and a new approach to economic organization and growth." The American Economic Review 82.2 (1992): 386-391.

Cain, Glen G. "The economic analysis of labor market discrimination: A survey." Handbook of labor economics 1 (1986): 693-785.

Chun, Chang, and Yijiang Wang. "A framework for understanding differences in labor turnover and human capital investment." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization28.1 (1995): 91-105.

Deyo, Frederic C. Beneath the miracle: Labor subordination in the new Asian industrialism. Univ of California Press, 1989.

Forbath, William E. Law and the shaping of the American labor movement. Harvard University Press, 1991.

Hamermesh, Daniel S. "The demand for labor in the long run." Handbook of labor economics 1 (1986): 429-471.

Heckman, James J. "What has been learned about labor supply in the past twenty years?." The American Economic Review 83.2 (1993): 116-121.

Jayasuriya, Sisira Kumara, and Richard T. Shand. "Technical change and labor absorption in Asian agriculture: Some emerging trends." World Development 14.3 (1986): 415-428.

Kalleberg, Arne L., and Aage B. Sorensen. "The sociology of labor markets." Annual review of sociology (1979): 351-379.

Lee, Maw-Lin, Ben-Chieh Liu, and Ping Wang. "Education, human capital enhancement and economic development: Comparison between Korea and Taiwan." Economics of Education Review 13.4 (1994): 275-288.

Orren, Karen. Belated feudalism: Labor, the law, and liberal development in the United States. Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Papademetriou, Demetrios. The unsettled relationship: Labor migration and economic development. No. 33. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1991.

Rosen, Sherwin. "Learning and experience in the labor market." Journal of Human Resources (1972): 326-342.

Sewell Jr, William H., and William Hamilton Sewell. Work and revolution in France: the language of labor from the Old Regime to 1848. Cambridge University Press, 1980.

Siddhartha Paul Tiwari., and Baisya, Rajat K. "E–governance and its impact on enterprise competitiveness: Trends, Status and Challenges." MDI, Gurgaon INDIA in Association with Australian Centre for Asian Business, University of South Australia, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA (2014): 1.

Stahl, Charles W. "Theories of international labor migration: an overview." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 4.2-3 (1995): 211-232.

Stark, Oded, and Oded Stark. "The migration of labor." (1991).

Stark, Oded, and David E. Bloom. "The new economics of labor migration." The american Economic review 75.2 (1985): 173-178.

Stigler, George J. "Information in the labor market." Journal of political economy 70.5, Part 2 (1962): 94-105.

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Workshop on Digital Marketing: Credit Course, IIM, Indore (2010): 1-24.

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Editorial: Project and Technology Management Foundation (PTMF) Newsletter (December, 2014)" 3-1(2014).

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Exploring the Linkage between a Successful Digital Campaign and Gaming." Casual Connect, Asia Pacific, Singapore 1 (1) (2014): 5-6.

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Business: Innovation & Survival, by a Googler." (2015).

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Strengthening E-Commerce Product Launches-Improving Efficiencies from Development to Production." Project And Technology Management Foundation (A Non-Profit Organization) Member of Asia Pacific Federation of Project Management 1.2 (2015): 4-6.

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Editorial: Project and Technology Management Foundation (PTMF) Newsletter (June, 2015)" 3-1(2015).

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Strengthening E-Commerce Product Launches-Improving Efficiencies from Development to Production." GMM Content Creators Workshop on Countering the Narrative of Violent Extremism - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2015).

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. “Diversity and its importance in today’s corporate environment.” https://dms.iitd.ac.in/guest-speakers/ (2015): 1.

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Emerging trends in soybean industry." (2017).

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul, and S. P. Tiwari. "Is export-oriented and currency dynamics-based Indian soybean revolution environment-friendly." Current Science 114.08 (2018): 1604-1605.

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Emerging Technologies: Factors Influencing Knowledge Sharing." World Journal of Educational Research (2022).

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Information and communication technology initiatives for knowledge sharing in agriculture." arXiv preprint arXiv: 2202.08649 (2022).

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Knowledge Enhancement and Mobile Technology: Improving Effectiveness and Efficiency." arXiv preprint arXiv: 2208.04706 (2022).

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Knowledge Management Strategies and Emerging Technologies--An Overview Of the Underpinning Concepts." arXiv preprint arXiv: 2205.01100(2022).

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Re-emergence of Asia in the New Industrial Era." Technium Soc. Sci. J. 29 (2022): 471.

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Organizational Competitiveness and Digital Governance Challenges." Archives of Business Research 10.3 (2022).

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "The Potential Impact of COVID-19 on the Asian Rural Economy: A Study Based on Asian Countries." Journal of Education, Management and Development Studies 2.3 (2022): 1-7.

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Covid-19: Knowledge Development, Exchange, and Emerging Technologies." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 5.5 (2022): 310-314.

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Knowledge Management Strategies and Emerging Technologies-an Overview of the Underpinning Concepts-Siddhartha Paul Tiwari." (2022).

Tiwari, Siddhartha Paul. "Knowledge Enhancement and Understanding of Diversity." Technium Soc. Sci. J. 30 (2022): 159.

Wang, Der-I., and F. E. Mofller. "The division of labor and queen attendance behavior of Nosema-infected worker honey bees." Journal of economic entomology 63.5 (1970): 1539-1541.

Wang, Ping, Chong K. Yip, and Carol A. Scotese. "Fertility choice and economic growth: Theory and evidence." The Review of Economics and Statistics (1994): 255-266.

Weiss, Andrew, and Ruqu Wang. "A Sorting Model of Labor Contracts: Implications for Layoffs and Wage-Tenure Profiles." (1990).

Yang, Bijou, and David Lester. "The participation of females in the labor force and rates of personal violence (suicide and homicide)." Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior 18.3 (1988): 270-278.

Yang, Xiaokai, and Jeff Borland. "A microeconomic mechanism for economic growth." Journal of political economy99.3 (1991): 460-482.

Yang, Xiaokai. A microeconomic approach to modeling the division of labor based on increasing returns to specialization. Princeton University, 1988.

Yang, Xiaokai, and Robert Rice. "An equilibrium model endogenizing the emergence of a dual structure between the urban and rural sectors." Journal of Urban Economics 35.3 (1994): 346-368.