Ahlfeldt, Gabriel M. and Wendlan, Nicolai (2008): Spatial Determinants of CBD Emergence: A Micro-level Case Study on Berlin∗.
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_11572.pdf Download (3MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Over the recent decades, scholars and planning practitioners have developed strategies for directed urban decentralization, which aim at the optimization of urban commuting patterns by allowing households to locate closer to job opportunities. However, given ongoing changes in the socioeconomic framework, households are becoming less likely to choose their residences with respect to location of the workplace. In order to optimize trip patterns with respect to public transport and to simultaneously promote sustainable urban growth, we therefore suggest a strategy of Directed Urban Concentration, which purports the generation of very strong (employment) sub-centers, if not multiple central business districts (CBDs), as a complementary strategy to established approaches of mixed and multifunctional land use. In an empirical analysis we show that in the case of Berlin, Germany, the emergence of the second CBD during the first half of the past century was largely driven by market access generated by rail-based public transport. Our results suggest that city planners could successfully promote the emergence of new urban economic cores with focal transport nodes that are equivalently well-connected to their hinterlands as well as to the existing CBD.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | Spatial Determinants of CBD Emergence: A Micro-level Case Study on Berlin∗ |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | Directed urban concentration; urban transport; market access; urban planning; Berlin |
Subjects: | N - Economic History > N7 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services > N74 - Europe: 1913- N - Economic History > N9 - Regional and Urban History > N94 - Europe: 1913- R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics > R2 - Household Analysis > R29 - Other R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics > R3 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location > R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics > R4 - Transportation Economics > R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion ; Travel Time ; Safety and Accidents ; Transportation Noise |
Item ID: | 11572 |
Depositing User: | Gabriel M. Ahlfeldt |
Date Deposited: | 15 Nov 2008 03:58 |
Last Modified: | 26 Sep 2019 17:48 |
References: | ACEMOGLU, D., JOHNSON, S., & ROSINSON, J. A. (2001). The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation. American Economic Review, 91(5), 1369. AHLFELDT, G. M. (2007). If Alonso Was Right: Accessibility as Determinant for Attractiveness of Urban Location. Hamburg Contemporary Economic Discussions, 12. AHLFELDT, G. M. (2008). The Train Has Left the Station: Real Estate Price Effects of Mainline Realignment in Berlin. Hamburg Contemporary Economic Discussions, 18. AHLFELDT, G. M., & MAENNIG, W. (2008). Stadionarchitektur Und Stadtentwicklung Aus Stadtökonomischer Perspektive. In G. KLEIN, LÖW, M. MÄUSER, M. (Ed.), Stadtarchitekturen - Bewegungskulturen. Bielefeld (in press): Transcript. ALONSO, W. (1964). Location and Land Use: Toward a General Theory of Land Rent. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ANAS, A. (1992). On the Birth and Growth of Cities: Laissez-Faire and Planning Compared. Regional Science & Urban Economics, 22(2), 243-258. ANAS, A., ARNOTT, R., & SMALL, K. A. (1998). Urban Spatial Structure. Journal of Economic Literature, 36(3), 1426. ANAS, A., & KIM, I. (1996). General Equilibrium Models of Polycentric Urban Land Use with Endogenous Congestion and Job Agglomeration. Journal of Urban Economics, 40(2), 232-256. ARTHUR, B. (1994). Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. AUST, B. (Cartographer). (1986). Die Städtebauliche Entwicklung Berlins. BALDWIN, R. E. (2001). Core-Periphery Model with Forward-Looking Expectations. Regional Science & Urban Economics, 31(1), 21. BALDWIN, R. E., & KRUGMAN, P. (1989). Persistent Trade Effects of Large Exchange Rate Shocks. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 104(4), 635-654. BAUM-SNOW, N., & KAHN, M. E. (2005). Effects of Urban Rail Transit Expansions: Evidence from Sixteen Cities, 1970-2000. Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs(6), 147-206. BLOOM, D. E., & SACHS, J. D. (1998). Geography, Demography and Economic Growth in Africa. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1998(2), 207-295. BOARNET, M. G. (1994). The Monocentric Model and Employment Location. Journal of Urban Economics, 36(1), 79-97. BOHM, E. (1980). Kurfürstendamm. Entstehung Und Erste Entwicklung. In W. RIBBE (Ed.), Von Der Residenz Zur City. 275 Jahre Charlottenburg. Berlin: Colloquium Verlag. BOWES, D. R., & IHLANFELDT, K. R. (2001). Identifying the Impacts of Rail Transit Stations on Residential Property Values. Journal of Urban Economics, 50(1), 1-25. BRAKMAN, S., GARRETSEN, H., & SCHRAMM, M. (2004). The Spatial Distribution of Wages: Estimating the Helpman-Hanson Model for Germany. Journal of Regional Science, 44(3), 437-466. BURCHELL, R., & MUKHERJI, S. (2003). Conventional Development Versus Managed Growth: The Costs of Sprawl. American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 1534-1540. BURGESS, E. (1925). The Growth of City, an Introduction to a Research Projekt. In R. PARK (Ed.), The City. Chicago: IL University of Chicago Press. CARRUTHERS, J., & ULFARSSON, G. (2003). Urban Sprawl and the Cost of Public Services. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 30(4), 503-522. CHAMPION, A. G. (2001). A Changing Demographic Regime and Evolving Polycentric Urban Regions: Consequences for the Size, Composition, and Distribution of City Populations. Urban Studies, 38(4), 657-677. CHESHIRE, P. (1995). A New Phase of Urban Development in Western Europe? The Evidence for the 1980s. Urban Studies, 32(7), 1045. COUPLAND, A. (1997). An Introduction to Mixed Use Development. In A. COUPLAND (Ed.), Reclaiming the City; Mixed Use Development. London: Spon. CRAFTS, N. (2005). Market Potential in British Regions, 1871-1931. Regional Studies, 39(9), 1159-1166. CUTLER, D. M., & GLAESER, E. L. (1997). Are Ghettos Good or Bad? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(3), 827-872. DAVID, P. A. (1985). Clio and the Economics of Qwerty. American Economic Review, 75(2), 332. DAVIS, D. R., & WEINSTEIN, D. E. (2002). Bones, Bombs, and Break Points: The Geography of Economic Activity. American Economic Review, 92(5), 1269-1289. DAVOUDI, S. (2003). Polycentricity in European Spatial Planning: From an Analytical Tool to a Normative Agenda. European Planning Studies, 11(8), 979-999. DE ROO, G., & MILLER, D. (2000). Compact Cities and Sustainable Urban Development. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. ERBE, M. (1987). Berlin Im Kaiserreich. In W. RIBBE (Ed.), Geschichte Berlins. Berlin: Verlag C. H. Beck. FRIEDMAN, J., & MILLER, J. (1965). The Urban Field. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 31(4), 312-319. FUJITA, M., KRUGMAN, P., & VENABLES, A. J. (1999). The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions, and International Trade. Cambridge and London: MIT Press. GATZLAFF, D. H., & SMITH, M. T. (1993). The Impact of the Miami Metrorail on the Value of Residences near Station Locations. Land Economics, 69(1), 54-66. GIBBONS, S., & MACHIN, S. (2005). Valuing Rail Access Using Transport Innovations. Journal of Urban Economics, 57(1), 148-169. GIULIANO, G., & SMALL, K. A. (1993). Is the Journey to Work Explained by Urban Structure? Urban Studies, 30(9), 1485. GORDON, P., KUMAR, A., & RICHARDSON, H. W. (1989). Congestion, Changing Metropolitan Structure, and City Size in the United States. International Regional Science Review, 12(1), 45-56. GRASS, R. G. (1992). The Estimation of Residential Property Values around Transit Station Sites in Washington, D C. Journal of Economics and Finance, 16(2), 139-146. HALVORSEN, R., & PALMQUIST, R. (1980). The Interpretation of Dummy Variables in Semilogarithmic Equations. American Economic Review, 70(3), 474-475. HAMILTON, B. W., & ROELL, A. (1982). Wasteful Commuting. Journal of Political Economy, 90(5), 1035-1053. HANSON, G. (2005). Market Potential, Increasing Returns and Geographic Concentration. Journal of International Economics, 67(1), 1-24. HARRIS, C., & ULLMAN, E. (1945). The Nature of Cities. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 242(1), 7-17. HARRIS, C. D. (1954). The Market as a Factor in the Localization of Industry in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 44(4), 315-348. HAUGHTON, G. (1997). Developing Sustainble Urban Development Models. Cities, 14(4), 189-195. HEAD, K., & MAYER, T. (2004). Empirics of Agglomeration and Trade. In V. HENDERSON & J. THISSE (Eds.), Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics (Vol. 4). Amsterdam: North Holland. HEIKKILA, E., GORDON, P., KIM, J. I., PEISER, R. B., RICHARDSON, H. W., & DALE-JOHNSON, D. (1989). What Happened to the Cbd-Distance Gradient?: Land Values in a Policentric City. Environment and Planning, 21(2), 221–232. HELSLEY, R. W., & STRANGE, W. C. (1991). Agglomeration Economies and Urban Capital Markets. Journal of Urban Economics, 29(1), 96. HOFMEISTER, B. (1990). Berlin (West). Eine Geographische Strukturanalyse Der Zwölf Westlichen Bezirke. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. JENKS, M., & BURGESS, R. (2000). The Compact City; Sustainable Urban Form for Developing Countries. London: Spon. JENKS, M., BURTON, E., & WILLIAMS, K. (1996). The Compact City. London: Spon. KALWEIT, F. (1928). Die Baustellenwerte in Berlin. Berlin: Ermo Verlagsgesellschaft. KALWEIT, F. (1936). Die Baustellenwerte in Berlin. Berlin: Carl Heymanns Verlag. KEEBLE, D., OWENS, P. L., & THOMPSON, C. (1982). Regional Accessibility and Economic Potential in the European Community. Regional Studies, 16(6), 419-431. KENNEDY, P. E. (1981). Estimation with Correctly Interpreted Dummy Variables in Semilogarithmic Equations. American Economic Review, 71(4), 801-801. KLOOSTERMAN, R. C., & MUSTERD, S. (2001). The Polycentric Urban Region: Towards a Research Agenda. Urban Studies, 38(4), 623-633. KOIDE, H. (1987). Spatial Provision of Local Public Goods with Spillover Effects. Regional Science & Urban Economics, 18, 283-305. KRAUSE, R. (1958). Die Berliner City. Frühere Entwicklung/ Gegenwärtige Situation/ Mögliche Perspektiven. Berlin: Dissertation der Freien Universität Berlin. KRUGMAN, P. (1991). Increasing Returns and Economic Geography. Journal of Political Economy, 99(3), 483-499. LEGATES, R., & STOUT, F. (1996). The City Reader. London: Routledge. LEYDEN, F. (1933). Groß-Berlin. Geographie Der Weltstadt. Breslau: Ferdinand Hirt. LIPMANN, W. (1933). Der Standort Des Einzelhandels. Berlin: Dissertation. LOUIS, H. (1936). Die Geographische Gliederung Von Groß-Berlin Stuttgart: Engelhorns Nachf. LUCAS, R. E., JR., & ROSSI-HANSBERG, E. (2002). On the Internal Structure of Cities. Econometrica, 70(4), 1445-1476. LYNCH, K. (1961). The Pattern of Metropolis. Daedalus, Winter, 79-98. LYNCH, K., & RODWIN, L. (1958). A Theory of Urban Form. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 24(Fall), 201-214. MCMILLEN, D. P., & MCDONALD, J. (2004). Reaction of House Prices to a New Rapid Transit Line: Chicago's Midway Line, 1983–1999. Real Estate Economics, 32(3), 463-486. MILLS, E. S. (1972). Studies in the Structure of the Urban Economy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. MION, G. (2004). Spatial Externalities and Empirical Analysis: The Case of Italy. Journal of Urban Economics, 56(1), 97-118. MÜLLER, G. (Cartographer). (1881-1910). Karte Zur Berechnung Des Grund- Und Bodenwerthes in Berlin MÜLLER, G. (Cartographer). (1890-1910). Karte Zur Berechnung Des Grund- Und Bodenwerthes in Berlin MUTH, R. F. (1969). Cities and Housing: The Spatial Pattern of Urban Residential Land Use. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. NAESS, P., & LYSSAND SANDBERG, S. (1996). Workplace Location, Modal Split, and Energy Use for Commuting Trips. Urban Studies, 33(3), 557-580. NELSON, A. C., DUNCAN, J., MULLEN, C., & BISHOP, K. (1995). Growth Management: Principles and Practices. Chicago: APA Planners Press. NEWMAN, P. (1996). Reducing Automobile Dependence. Environment and Urbanization, 8(1), 67-92. NEWMAN, P., & KENWORTHY, J. R. (1989). Gasoline Consumption and Cities. A Comparison of U.S. Cities with a Global Survey. Journal of the American Planning Association, 55(1), 24-37. NIEBUHR, A. (2006). Market Access and Regional Disparities: New Economic Geography in Europe. Annals of Regional Science, 40(2), 313-334. NOWLAN, D. M., & STEWART, G. (1991). Downtown Population Growth and Commuting Trips. Journal of the American Planning Association, 57(2), 165-182. OVERMAN, H. G., REDDING, S., & VENABLES, A. J. (2003). The Economic Geography of Trade, Production and Income: A Survey of Empirics. In J. HARRIGAN & E. K. CHOI (Eds.), Handbook of International Trade. Basil: Blackwell. POUYANNE, G. (2005). Land Use Mix and Daily Mobility - the Case of Bordeaux, France, ERSA conference papers ersa05p84: European Regional Science Association. REDDING, S. J., & STURM, D. M. (2008). The Costs of Remoteness: Evidence from German Division and Reunification. American Economic Review, forthcoming. REDDING, S. J., STURM, D. M., & WOLF, N. (2007). History and Industry Location: Evidence from German Airports. Centre for Economic Policy Discussion Paper Series, 2007; 6345: International Trade. REDDING, S. J., & VENABLES, A. J. (2004). Economic Geography and International Inequality. Journal of International Economics, 62(1), 53-82. SENATSVERWALTUNG FÜR STADTENTWICKLUNG BERLIN (Cartographer). (2007). Reale Nutzung Der Bebauten Flächen SENATSVERWALTUNG FÜR WIRTSCHAFT ARBEIT UND FRAUEN. (2004). Zentrenatlas Wirtschaftsstandort Berlin (2. ed.). Berlin: Regioverlag. SMALL, K. A., & SHUNFENG, S. (1992). `Wasteful' Commuting: A Resolution. Journal of Political Economy, 100(4), 888. STARRETT, D. A. (1974). Principle of Optimal Location in a Large Homogeneous Area. Journal of Economic Theory, 9(4), 418-448. STIGLITZ, J. E. (1977). The Theory of Local Public Goods. In M. S. FELDSTEIN & R. P. INMAN (Eds.), The Economics of Public Services (pp. 274-333). London: Macmillan. STURM, R., & COHEN, D. (2004). Suburban Sprawl and Physical and Mental Health. Public Health, 118(7), 488-496. TU, W., & SHI, C. (2006). Urban Environmental Management in Shanghai: Achievements, Problems, and Prospects. Environmental Management, 37(3), 307-321. VON THÜNEN, J. H. (1826). Der Isolierte Staat in Beziehung Auf Landwirtschaft Und Nationalökonomie, Oder Untersuchungen Über Den Einfluss, Den Die Getreidepreise, Der Reichtum Des Bodens Und Die Abgaben Auf Ackerbau Ausüben. Hamburg: Perthes. VREEKER, R. (2004). Multifunctional Land Use and Externalities, ERSA conference papers ersa04p346: European Regional Science Association. WALDFOGEL, J. (2008). The Median Voter and the Median Consumer: Local Private Goods and Population Composition. Journal of Urban Economics, 63(2), 567-582. WILLIAMS, K. (1999). Urban Intensification Policies in England:Problems and Contradictions. Land Use Policy, 16(3), 167-178. WILLIAMS, K., BURTON, E., & JENKS, M. (2000). Defining Sustainable Urban Form. In K. WILLIAMS, BURTON, E., AND JENKS, M. (Ed.), Achieving Sustainable Urban Form. London: E & FN Spoon. WU, F. (2000). Modelling Intrametropolitan Location of Foreign Investment Firms in a Chinese City. Urban Studies, 37(13), 2441-2464. WURSTER, C. B. (1963). The Form and Structure of the Future Urban Complex. In L. WINGO (Ed.), Cities and Space. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins Press. |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/11572 |