Paul, Hagstrom and Stephen, Wu (2010): Are Pregnant Women Happier? Racial Differences in the Relationsip Between Pregnancy and Life Satisfaction.
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_24853.pdf Download (75kB) | Preview |
Abstract
This paper uses data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to study the relationship between pregnancy and life satisfaction for women of childbearing age. The results show strong differences by race. Pregnancy has the strongest positive correlation with happiness for Whites, a smaller but still statistically significant positive correlation for Hispanics, and no relationship for Blacks. The results cannot be explained by differences in other demographics such age, income, education, or marital status. Within each racial group, the results hold across different categories for all these characteristics. There is evidence that racial differences in the effects of pregnancy on emotional and social support from others can partly explain this result.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | Are Pregnant Women Happier? Racial Differences in the Relationsip Between Pregnancy and Life Satisfaction |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | pregnancy, life satisfaction, racial differences |
Subjects: | J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J1 - Demographic Economics > J10 - General I - Health, Education, and Welfare > I1 - Health > I10 - General |
Item ID: | 24853 |
Depositing User: | Stephen Wu |
Date Deposited: | 10 Sep 2010 15:57 |
Last Modified: | 29 Sep 2019 20:06 |
References: | Angeles L, 2009, “Do children make us happier?” University of Glasgow, mimeo. Blake SM, Kiely M, Gard CC, El-Mohandes AA, El-Khorazaty MN, 2007, “Pregnancy intentions and happiness among pregnant black women at high risk for adverse infant health outcomes,” NIH-DC Initiative, Perspectives On Sexual And Reproductive Health 39, (4):194-205. Blanchflower D, 2009, “Happiness and health care coverage,” Dartmouth College, mimeo. Breitkopf CR, Primeau LA, Levine RE, Olson GL, Wu ZH, Berenson AB, 2006, “Anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum,” Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 27(3): 157-162. Canady RB, Bullen BL, Holzman C, Broman C, Tian Y, 2008, “Discrimination and symptoms of depression in pregnancy among African American and White women,” Women’s Health Issues: Official Publication Of The Jacobs Institute Of Women's Health, 18 (4): 292-300. Clark, AE, Diener E, Georgellis Y, Lucas RE, 2008, “Lags and leads in life satisfaction: A test of the baseline hypothesis,” Economic Journal, 118(529): F222–243. Lucas RE, Clark, AE, Georgellis Y, Diener E, 2003, “Re-examining adaptation and the setpoint model of happiness: reactions to changes in marital status,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(3): 527-539. Easterlin R, 2001, “Income and happiness: towards a unified theory,” The Economic Journal, 111(473): 465-484. Gardner J, Oswald AJ, 2006, “Do divorcing couples become happier by breaking up?” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 169(2): 319-336. Gardner J, Oswald AJ, 2007, “Money and mental wellbeing: a longitudinal study of medium-sized lottery wins,” Journal of Health Economics 26(1): 49-60. Hummer, Robert, Schmertmann CP, Eberstein IW, Kelly S, 1995, “Retrospective reports of pregnancy wantedness and birth outcomes in the United States,” Social Science Quarterly, 76(2): 402-418. Jackson, FM, “Race stress, and social support: addressing the crisis in black infant mortality,” The Courage to Love: Infant Mortality Commission Implications for Care, Research, and Public Policy to Reduce Infant Mortality Rates, Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, 1-10. Kahneman D, Krueger AB, Schkade D, Schwarz N, Stone AA, 2006, ”Would you be happier if you were richer? A focusing illusion,” Science, 312(5782): 1908 – 1910. Keeley RD, Birchard A, Dickinson P, Steiner J, Dickinson LM, Rymer S, Palmer B, Deerback T, Kempe A, 2004, “Parental attitudes about a pregnancy predict birth weight in a low-income population,” Annals of Family Medicine, 2(2): 145-149. Oklahoma State Department of Health, 2009, “Stressors, social support and pregnancy outcomes among African American and White mothers,” Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 13(2): 1-6. Orr ST, Blazer DG, James SA, 2006, “Racial disparities in elevated prenatal depressive symptoms among black and white women in eastern north Carolina,” Annals Of Epidemiology, 16(6): 463-468. Oswald AJ, 1997, “Happiness and economic performance,” The Economic Journal, 107(445):1815-1831 . Oswald AJ, Wu S, 2010, “Objective confirmation of subjective measures of human well-being: evidence from the USA,”Science, 327(5965): 576-579. Pazol K, Gamble SB, Parker WY, Cook, DA, Zane, SB, Hamdan S, 2006, “Abortion Surveillance Report,” Division of Reproductive Health National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC. Powdthavee N, 2009, “Think having children will make you happy?” The Psychologist, 22(4): 308-310. Powdthavee N, 2010, The Happiness equation: the surprising economics of our most valuable asset, Icon Books Rich-Edwards JW, Kleinman K, Abrams A, Harlow BL, McLaughlin TJ, Joffe H, Gillman MW, 2006, “Sociodemographic predictors of antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms among women in a medical group practice,” Journal of Epidemiology And Community Health, 60 (3): 221-227. Sable MR, Libbus MK, 2000,“Pregnancy intention and pregnancy happiness: are they different?” Maternal And Child Health Journal 4(3): 191-196. Santelli JS, Lindberg LD, Orr MG, Finer LB, Speizer I, 2009, “Toward a multidimensional measure of pregnancy intentions: evidence from the United States,” Studies In Family Planning, Vol. 40(2): 87-100 Schkade, DA, Kahneman D, 1998, “Does living in California make people happy? A focusing illusion in judgments of life satisfaction,” Psychological Science, 9(5): 340-346. Speizer IS, Santelli JS, Afable-Munsuz A, and Kendall C, 2004, “Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health,” Measuring Factors Underlying Intendedness of Women's First and Later Pregnancies. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009, “National vital statistics report,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 57(7). |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/24853 |