Wiederhold, Gio (2009): Follow the Intellectual Property, How does Industry pay Programmers' Salaries when they move the related IP rights to offshore taxhavens?". Published in: Communications of the ACM , Vol. 54, No. 1 (January 2011): pp. 67-74.
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_30151.pdf Download (618kB) | Preview |
Abstract
In the ongoing discussion about offshoring in the computer and data-processing industries, the 2006 ACM report Globalization and Offshoring of Software addressed job shifts due to globalization in the software industry. But jobs represent only half of the labor and capital equation in business. In today’s high-technology industries, intellectual property (IP) supplies the other half, the capital complement. Offshoring IP always accompanies offshoring jobs and, while less visible, may be a major driver of job transfer. The underlying economic model—involving ownership of profits, taxation, and compensation of workers from the revenue their products generate—has not been explicated and is largely unknown in the computer science community. This article presents the issue of software income allocation and the role IP plays in offshoring. It also tries to explain why computer experts lack insight into the economics of software, from investments made, to profits accumulated, to capital becoming available for investment in new projects and jobs.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Commentary on: | Eprints 0 not found. |
Original Title: | Follow the Intellectual Property, How does Industry pay Programmers' Salaries when they move the related IP rights to offshore taxhavens?" |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | Offshoring, offshore outsourcing, tax havens, job loss, intellectual property, tax avoidance, non-routine profits |
Subjects: | O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O3 - Innovation ; Research and Development ; Technological Change ; Intellectual Property Rights > O34 - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital H - Public Economics > H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor > J23 - Labor Demand L - Industrial Organization > L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing > L63 - Microelectronics ; Computers ; Communications Equipment |
Item ID: | 30151 |
Depositing User: | Gio Wiederhold |
Date Deposited: | 14 Apr 2011 21:06 |
Last Modified: | 09 Oct 2019 16:40 |
References: | Aspray, W., Mayadas, F., and Vardi, M.Y., Eds. Globalization and Offshoring of Software. A Report of the ACM Job Migration Task Force. ACM, New York, 2006. Babcock, H. Appraisal Principles and Procedures. American Society of Appraisers, Herndon, VA, 1994; first edition 1968. Becker, B. Cost sharing buy-ins. Chapter in Transfer Pricing Handbook, Third Edition, R. Feinschreiber, Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2002, A3–A16. Boehm, B. Software Engineering Economics. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 1981. Bureau of Labor Statistics. National Employment and Wage Data Survey. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington D.C.May 2007; http://www.bls.gov/oes/ Clausing, K. The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, Creating Jobs for Accountants and Lawyers. . Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center, report 311122, Washington, DC, Dec. 2004. Compustat. Financial Results of Companies in SIC Code 7372 for 1999 to 2002; http://www.compustat.com Cray, C. Obama’s tax haven reform: Chump change. CorpWatch (June 15, 2009), http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=15386 Dagan, T. The tax treaties myth. NYU Journal of International Law and Politics 32, article 379181 (Oct. 2000), 939–996. Damodaran, A. Dealing with Intangibles: Valuing Brand Names, Flexibility and Patents Working Paper. Stern School of Business Reports, http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/ New York University, New York, NY Jan. 2006. Government Accountability Office. International Taxation: Large U.S. Corporations and Federal Contractors with Subsidiaries in Jurisdictions Listed as Tax Havens or Financial Privacy Jurisdictions. U.S. Government Accountability Office Report GAO-09-157, Washington, D.C., Dec. 2008; http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09157.pdf Gay, J. Free Software, Free Society: In Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman. GNU Press, Boston, MA 2002. Gore, A. The Assault on Reason. Bloomsbury Publications, London 2008. Grossman, G.M. and Helpman, E. Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, Seventh Edition. MIT press, Cambridge, MA, 2001. Johnston, D.C. Perfectly Legal. Portfolio Publishers, New York, NY, 2003. Kiesewetter-Koebinger, S. Programmers’ capital. IEEE Computer 43, 2 (Feb. 2010), 106–108. Lev, B. Intangibles, Management, Measurement and Reporting. Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC, 2001. Levey, M.M., Wrappe, S.C., and Chung, K. Transfer Pricing Rules and Compliance Handbook. CCH Wolters Kluwer Publications, Chicago, IL 2006. Makhlouf, G. List of Uncooperative Tax Havens. OECD’s Committee on Fiscal Affairs. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France, Apr. 19, 2002, removed from the on-line files. Parr, R. Royalty Rates for Licensing Intellectual Property. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2007. Rahn, R.W. In defense of tax havens. The Wall Street Journal (Mar. 17, 2009). Rashkin, M. Practical Guide to Research and Development Tax Incentives: Federal, State, and Foreign, Second Edition. CCH Wolters Kluwer Publications, Chicago, IL 2007. Saitto, S. U.S. tech firms shop abroad to avoid taxes. Bloomberg Businessweek, 6 Sept 2010, 31–32. Smith, G. and Parr, R. Intellectual Property, Valuation, Exploitation, and Infringement Damages, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2005. Tambe, P.B. and Hitt, L.M. How offshoring affects IT workers. Commun. ACM 53, 10 (Oct. 2010), 62–70. Tichon, N. Tax Shell Game: The Taxpayer Cost of Offshore Corporate Havens. U.S. Public Interest Research Group, Apr. 2009; http://www.uspirg.org/news-releases/tax-and-budget/tax-and-budget-news/washington-d.c.-taxpayers-footing-a-100-billion-bill-for-tax-dodgers. Rittel, Claudia Isabel: “Bitter Losses”; Development and Cooperation Magazine English version of Mitteilungen of the Deutsche Stiftung für Entwicklungsländer, 7 August 2010, http://www.inwent.org/ez/articles/178169/index.en.shtml Weissler, R. Advanced Pricing Agreement Program Training on Cost Sharing Buy-In Payments. Transfer Pricing Report 533. IRS, Washington DC, Feb. 2002. Wiederhold, G., Tessler, S., Gupta, A., and Smith, D.B. The valuation of technology-based intellectual property in offshoring decisions. Commun. Assoc. Infor. Syst. 24, 31, pp. 523-544, June 2009. Wiederhold, G. Determining software investment lag. Journal of Universal Computer Science 14, 22, Springer Verlag (2008). Wiederhold, G. What is your software worth? Commun. ACM 49, 9 (Sept. 2006), 65–75. Wilson, S. Is this the end for treasure islands? MoneyWeek (Mar. 13, 2009), |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/30151 |