Hopf bifurcation in a environmental defensive expenditures model with time delay

Russu, Paolo (2009): Hopf bifurcation in a environmental defensive expenditures model with time delay. Published in: Chaos, Solitons and Fractals , Vol. 42, (2009): pp. 3147-3159.

Abstract

In this paper a three-dimensional environmental defensive expenditures model with delay is considered. The model is based on the interactions among visitors V, quality of ecosystem goods E, and capital K, intended as accommodation and entertainment facilities, in Protected Areas (PAs). The tourism user fees (TUFs) are used partly as a defensive expenditure and partly to increase the capital stock. The stability and existence of Hopf bifurcation are investigated. It is that stability switches and Hopf bifurcation occurs when the delay t passes through a sequence of critical values, tau0. It has been that the introduction of a delay is a destabilizing process, in the sense that increasing the delay could cause the bio-economics to fluctuate. Formulas about the stability of bifurcating periodic solution and the direction of Hopf bifurcation are exhibited by applying the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the results.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: delay differential equation; stability; Hopf bifurcation; defensive expenditures
• Subjects: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods > C6 - Mathematical Methods ; Programming Models ; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling > C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium

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