The nature, sources and the socio-economic effects of terrorism in Balochistan

Zaman, Nadeem Uz and Ghutai, Gul and Khan, Kaneez Raza (2012): The nature, sources and the socio-economic effects of terrorism in Balochistan.

Abstract

Terrorism has badly affected Pakistan and Balochistan is one of its worst – hit provinces. There is no research that accounts for the nature, sources and effects of terrorism on Balochistan; this study, thus, tried to explore the same. A sample size of 250 respondents was chosen to cast their opinion about the problem using a questionnaire through a stratified sample of Quetta city. The results indicated that the nature of terrorism in Balochistan is, at first, Political and is caused by the prevailing social injustice and lack of economic activity, cross-border activities and religious and ethnic extremism. Terrorism has negatively affected business optimism, foreign investment and economic life in Balochistan. As far as the social life is concerned, a sense of fear prevails in the province that has reduced social activities in the province. One of the worst – hit areas by terrorism is education and religious practices. In order to correct the current situation prevailing in Balochistan the government has to play an intelligent, planned and effective role in Balochistan.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: Socio-economic effects, Terrorism, Balochistan
• Subjects: I - Health, Education, and Welfare > I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty > I30 - General; A - General Economics and Teaching > A1 - General Economics > A10 - General

References

Abadie, A. and Gardeazabal, J., 2005. Terrorism and the world economy. Harvard University typescript

Ali, A. 2010. Militancy and socioeconomic problems. Islamabad, institute of strategic studies.

Aziz, H. 1995. Understanding attacks on tourists in Egypt. Tourism Management, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 91-95.

Bargazer, K. 2005. The Middle East and new terrorism. Iran. Journal on science and world affairs, vol 1

Barth, J., R., Li, T., M. cCarthy, D., Phumiwasana, T., Yago, G. 2006. Economic impact of global terrorism, Milliken institute

Berman, E. and Laitin, D., 2005. Hard targets: theory and evidence on suicide attacks. NBER Working Paper 11740. Cambridge, MA: NBER

Berrebi, C., 2003. Evidence about the link between education, poverty and terrorism among Palestinians. Princeton University Industrial Relations Section Working Paper #477

Blomberg, S. B., Hess, G. D. and Weerapana. A., 2004 a. “Economic Conditions and Terrorism.” European Journal of Political Economy 20(2):463–478

Blomberg, S.B., Hess, G. and Weerapana, A., 2004b. An economic model of terrorism. Conflict Management and Peace Science, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 17-28

Bueno de Mesquita, E., 2005. The quality of terror. American Journal of Political Science 49(3):515–530.

Crenshaw, M. 1981. The Causes of Terrorism. Comparative Politics, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 379-399.

Drakos, K. and Gofas, A., 2006. In search of the average transnational terrorist attack venue. Defence and Peace Economics 17(2):73–93

Eckstein, Z. and Tsiddon, D., 2004. Macroeconomic consequences of terror: theory and the case of Israel. Journal of Monetary Economics 51(5):971–1002

Enders, W. and Sandler, T., 2006. The political economy of terrorism. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge

Enders, W., Sandler, T. and Parise, G. F., 1992. An econometric analysis of the impact of terrorism on tourism. Kyklos 45(4):531–554

Fielding, D. 2003. Modelling political instability and economic performance: Israeli investment during the intifada. Economica, Vol. 70, No. 277, pp. 159-186

Garfinkel, M.R. 2004. Global threats and the domestic struggle for power. European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 495-508

Hall, R., 2005. Assessment guideline for counter terrorism, Los Angeles. University of southern California.

Husain, A. 2003. Terrorism, development and democracy. India. Shipra Publications.

Kronstadt, K.,A. 2007, Pakistan and terrorism, congressional research service ; the library of congress.

Krueger, A. B., 2007. What Makes a Terrorist: Economics and the Roots of Terrorism. Princeton: Princeton University Press

Krueger, A. B. and Maleckova, J., 2003. “Education, Poverty, and Terrorism: Is There a Causal Connection?” Journal of Economic Perspectives 17(4):119–144.

Lapan, H.E. and Sandler, T., 1993. Terrorism and signalling. European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 9, pp. 383-397.

Looney, R. 2003. Failed economic take offs and terrorism. California. Centre for contemporary conflict at naval post graduate school in Monterey (strategic insight vol 2).

National Academy of Science. 2003. Preparing for the psychological consequences of terrorism; a public health strategy

Nitsch, V. and Schumacher, D., 2004. Terrorism and international trade: an empirical investigation. European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 423-433

O’Brien, S.P. 1996. Foreign policy crisis and the resort to terrorism: a time series analysis of conflict linkages. Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 320-335

Roberts, D., J. 2004. Terrorism risk insurance: conceptual issues. Washington D.C. Centre on Federal Financial Institutions

Rodriguez, J,.P, Rodriguez , J. G., Salas, R.,and Pandiello, J, S., 2007. Quantifying fear: the social impact of terrorism, Spain. Journal of Policy Modeling, Volume 31, Issue 5, September–October 2009, Pages 803-817

Sabri, R., (May 04, 2009). Balochistan: AF-Pak’s Forgotten Frontiers. [online] Available at < http://www.sais-jhu.edu/academics/regional-studies/southasia/pdf/Rabeah%20Sabri%20Balochistan.pdf> [accessed March 03, 2012]

Shor, E. 2008. Conflict terrorism and the socialization of human rights norms; the spiral model revisited. New York. State University of New York at Stony Brook.

Spencer , A. 2006. the problems of evaluating counter terrorism. Germany. UNISCI discussion paper ( N 12).

Spencer, E. 1987. long-term effect of terrorism on children. Los Angeles. The western journal of medicine.

Weiman, G. 2004. Cyber terrorism. Washington D.C. United State Institute of Peace.

Zaman, N. U. & Marri, S. K., (Aug 2011). Determinants of increased real prices of the livestock in Balochistan. Germany, MPRA Paper No. 321608. [online] Available at < http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32608/1/MPRA_paper_32608.pdf>

Zeidi, R. I. S., Zaman, N. U. and Ahmed, S., (in press). Business Opportunities & Improvement Areas for Sons of the Soil of Balochistan: The Case Study of an Opportunistic State of the World.