Nakano, Makoto and Nguyen, Pascal (2012): Board size and corporate risk-taking: Further evidence from Japan. Forthcoming in: Corporate Governance: An International Review
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_38990.pdf Download (239kB) | Preview |
Abstract
Evidence based on US firms suggests that large boards restrain risk taking. We investigate whether a similar effect exists in Japan. Our results confirm that firms with larger boards exhibit lower performance variability relative to firms with smaller boards. However, this effect is less significant when firms have plenty of investment opportunities, but considerably stronger when firms have few growth options. This new finding is consistent with recent evidence indicating that larger boards are not necessarily detrimental to firm performance. The results are shown to be robust to the endogeneity of board structure and the use of alternative risk measures and estimation methods.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | Board size and corporate risk-taking: Further evidence from Japan |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | corporate governance; board size; risk taking; investment opportunities; performance volatility; bankruptcy risk |
Subjects: | G - Financial Economics > G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance > G34 - Mergers ; Acquisitions ; Restructuring ; Corporate Governance |
Item ID: | 38990 |
Depositing User: | Pascal Nguyen |
Date Deposited: | 24 May 2012 12:57 |
Last Modified: | 27 Sep 2019 07:11 |
References: | Abegglen, J. & Stalk, G. 1985. Kaisha: The Japanese Corporation. New York: Basic Books. Acharya, V., Amihud, Y. & Litov, L. 2011. Creditor rights and corporate risk-taking, Journal of Financial Economics, 102: 150–166. Adams, R., Almeida, H. & Ferreira, D. 2005. Powerful CEOs and their impact on corporate performance, Review of Financial Studies, 18: 1403–1432. Adams, R. & Ferreira, D. 2010. Moderation in groups: Evidence from betting on ice break-ups in Alaska, Review of Economic Studies, 77: 882–913. Ahn, S., Bhattacharya, U., Jung, T. & Nam, G. 2009. Do Japanese CEOs matter? Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 17: 628-650. Aman, H. & Nguyen, P. 2012. The size and composition of corporate boards in Japan. Asian Business & Management, forthcoming. Andres, P., Azofra, V. & Lopez, F. 2005. Corporate Boards in OECD Countries: size, composition, functioning and effectiveness, Corporate Governance: an International Review, 16: 342-358. Bar, M., Kempf, A. & Ruenzi, S. 2005. Team management and mutual funds. Working Paper, Cologne University. Basu, S., Hwang, L., Mitsudome, T. & Weintrop, J. 2007. Corporate governance, top executive compensation and firm performance in Japan, Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 15: 56-79. Bertrand, M. & Mullainathan, S. 2003. Enjoying the quiet life? Corporate governance and managerial preferences, Journal of Political Economy, 111: 1043–1075. Boone, A., Casares Field, L., Karpof, J. & Raheja, C. 2007. The determinants of corporate board size and composition: An empirical analysis, Journal of Financial Economics, 85: 66–101 Boubakri, N., Cosset, J.-C. & Saffar, W. 2011. Corporate risk-taking in privatized firms: International evidence on the role of state and foreign owners. Working paper, Centre Interuniversitaire sur le Risque, les Politiques Economiques et l’Emploi (CIRPEE). Cheng, S. 2008. Board size and the variability of corporate performance, Journal of Financial Economics, 87: 157–176. Cohen, R., Hall, B. and Viceira, L., 1999. Do executive stock options encourage risk taking? Working paper, Harvard University. Coles, J., Daniel, N. & Naveen, L. 2006. Managerial incentives and risk-taking, Journal of Financial Economics, 79: 431-468. Coles, J., Daniel, N. & Naveen, L. 2008. Boards: Does one size fit all? Journal of Financial Economics, 87: 329-356 Crossland, C, & Hambrick, D. 2007. How national systems differ in their constraints on corporate executives: a study of CEO effects in three countries, Strategic Management Journal, 28: 767-789. Dalton, D., Daily, C., Johnson, J. & Ellstrand, A. 1999. Number of directors and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Academy of Management Journal, 42: 674-686. Dalton, D. & Kesner, I. 1987. Composition and CEO duality in boards of directors: An international perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 18: 33-42. Fama, E., 1980. Agency problems and the theory of the firm. Journal of Political Economy, 88: 288-307. Fama, E. & French, K. 1993. Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds. Journal of Financial Economics, 33: 3–56. Fama, E. & Jensen, M. 1983. Separation of ownership and control. Journal of Law and Economics, 26: 301–325. Glejser, H., 1969. Test for heteroskedasticity, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 64: 316–323. Griffin, D., Li. K., Yue, H. & Zhao, L. 2009. Cultural values and corporate risk-taking. Working Paper, University of British Columbia and Peking University. Guest, P. 2008. The determinants of board size and composition: Evidence from the UK, Journal of Corporate Finance, 14: 51–72. Guest, P. 2009. The impact of board size on firm value: Evidence from the UK, European Journal of Finance, 15: 385-404. Hermalin, B. & Weisbach, M., 1998. Endogenously chosen boards of directors and their monitoring of the CEO, American Economic Review, 88: 96-118. Hermalin, B. & Weisbach, M. 2003. Boards of directors as an endogenously determined institution: a survey of the economic literature, Economic Policy Review 9: 7–26. Hofstede, G. 1980. Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. Holmstrom, B., 1999. Managerial incentive problems: A dynamic perspective, Review of Economic Studies 66: 169-182. Jackson, G. & Moerke, A. 2005. Continuity and change in corporate governance: comparing Germany and Japan. Corporate Governance: an International Review, 13: 351-361. John, K., Litov, L. & Yeung, B. 2008. Corporate governance and risk-taking, Journal of Finance, 63: 1679-1728 Keys, J.B. & Miller, T.R. 1984. The Japanese management theory jungle. Academy of Management Review, 9: 342-353. Keys, J.B., Denton, L.T & Miller, T.R. 1994. The Japanese management theory jungle-Revisited, Journal of Management, 20: 373-402. Kogan, N. & Wallach, M. 1964. Risk Taking: A Study in Cognition and Personality, New York: Holt. Koenker, R. 2005. Quantile regression. New York: Cambridge University Press. Lang, L. & Litzenberger, R., 1989. Dividend announcements: Free cash flow or signaling? Journal of Financial Economics, 24: 181-191. La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F. & Shleifer, A., 1999. Corporate ownership around the world, Journal of Finance, 54: 471-517. Larcker, D. & Rusticus, T. 2010. On the use of instrumental variables in accounting research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 49: 186–205 Lehn, K., Patro, S. & Zhao, M. 2009. Determinants of the size and structure of US corporate boards: 1935-2000, Financial Management, 38: 747-780. Li, J. & Harisson, J.R. 2008. National culture and the composition and leadership structure of boards of directors, Corporate Governance: an International Review, 16: 375-385. Linck, J., Netter, J. & Yang, T. 2008. The determinants of board structure, Journal of Financial Economics, 87: 308–328. Low, A. 2009. Managerial risk-taking behavior and equity-based compensation, Journal of Financial Economics, 92: 470-490. May, D. 1995. Do managerial motives influence firm risk reduction strategies? Journal of Finance, 50: 1291–1308. Mishra, D. 2011. Multiple large shareholders and corporate risk taking: Evidence from East Asia, Corporate Governance: An International Review, forthcoming. Morck, R. & Nakamura, M. 1999. Banks and corporate control in Japan, Journal of Finance, 54: 319-339. Moscovici, S. & Zavalloni, M., 1969. The group as a polarizer of attitudes, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 12: 125–135 Ouchi, W. 1981. Theory Z. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Pathan, S. 2009. Strong boards, CEO power and bank risk-taking, Journal of Banking & Finance, 33: 1340–1350. Phan, P. & Yoshikawa, T. 2000. Agency theory and Japanese corporate governance, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 17: 1-27. Rajgopal, S. & Shevlin, T. 2002. Empirical evidence on the relation between stock option compensation and risk taking, Journal of Accounting & Economics, 33: 145-171. Sah, R. & Stiglitz, J. 1986. The architecture of economic systems: hierarchies and polyarchies, American Economic Review, 76: 716–727. Sah, R. & Stiglitz, J. 1991. The quality of managers in centralized versus decentralized organizations, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106: 289–295. Sanders, W. & Hambrick, D. 2007. Swinging for the fences: The effect of CEO stock options on company risk taking and performance, Academy of Management Journal, 50: 1055–1078. Stock, J., Wright, J., Yogo, M. 2002. A survey of weak instruments and weak identification in generalized method of moments, Journal of Business & Economics Statistics, 20: 518-529. Terjesen, S., Sealy, R. & Singh, V. 2009. Women directors on corporate boards: a review and research agenda. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 17: 320–337. Viner, A. 1993. The coming revolution in Japan’s board rooms. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 1: 112-119. Wailerdsak, N. & Suehiro, A. 2004. Top executive origins: comparative study between Japan and Thailand. Asian Business & Management, 3: 85–104. Wei, S. & Zhang, C. 2006. Why did individual stocks become more volatile? Journal of Business, 79: 259-292. Wiersema, K. & Bird, A. 1993. Organizational demography in Japanese firms: Group heterogeneity, individual dissimilarity, and top management turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 36: 996-1025. Wright, P., Ferris, S., Sarin, A. & Awasthi, V. 1996. The impact of corporate insider, blockholder, and institutional equity ownership on firm risk-taking. Academy of Management Journal, 39: 441-463. Wright, P., Kroll, M., Krug, J. & Pettus, M. 2007. Influences of top management team incentives on firm risk taking, Strategic Management Journal, 28: 81–89. Xu, M. & Zhang, C. 2009. Bankruptcy prediction: the case of Japanese listed companies, Review of Accounting Studies, 14: 534–558. Yermack, D., 1996. Higher market valuation of companies with a small board of directors, Journal of Financial Economics, 40: 185-211. Yoshimori, M. 2005. Does corporate governance matter? Why the corporate performance of Toyota and Canon is superior to GM and Xerox. Corporate Governance: an International Review, 13: 447-457. Zhou, X. 2001. Understanding the determinants of managerial ownership and its relationship to firm performance, Journal of Financial Economics, 62: 559-571. |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/38990 |