Ozcam, Ahmet and Karadeniz, Esra (2012): The Determinants of the Growth Expectations of Turkish Entrepreneurs in the Way up the Entrepreneural Ladder Using Ordinal Logistic Model (OLM). Published in: International Journal of Economic Perspectives , Vol. 6, No. 2 (2012): pp. 140-168.
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_49908.pdf Download (259kB) | Preview |
Abstract
Given the increasing importance of entrepreneurship in job creation, innovation and economic growth, we try to inquire into the question of why some of the entrepreneurs and not the others expect a rapid development of their ventures. This study uses the Ordinal Logistic Model (OLM) to analyze the determinants of the growth expectations of Turkish nascent, baby and established entrepreneurs, expressed in terms of new jobs to be created within their firms. The OLM procedure allows to compute a probability distribution of growth expectations in four categories given the demographic, perceptual characteristics of these entrepreneurs, and the distinctive traits of their businesses. The data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) for the years 2006-2008 for Turkey were employed. The growth expectations of Turkish business owners are found to decrease as they mature in the entrepreneurial course. Overall, while both demographic and perceptual characteristics seem to affect firm growth expectations of nascent Turkish entrepreneurs, only demographic variables appear to influence similar expectations of baby Turkish business owners. For established Turkish entrepreneurs, firm’s size is predominantly important.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | The Determinants of the Growth Expectations of Turkish Entrepreneurs in the Way up the Entrepreneural Ladder Using Ordinal Logistic Model (OLM) |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | Entrepreneurial growth expectations; Nascent, baby and established entrepreneurs; Ordinal logistic model. |
Subjects: | M - Business Administration and Business Economics ; Marketing ; Accounting ; Personnel Economics > M1 - Business Administration > M13 - New Firms ; Startups M - Business Administration and Business Economics ; Marketing ; Accounting ; Personnel Economics > M5 - Personnel Economics > M51 - Firm Employment Decisions ; Promotions |
Item ID: | 49908 |
Depositing User: | Assoc.Prof Ahmet Özçam |
Date Deposited: | 18 Sep 2013 12:57 |
Last Modified: | 04 Oct 2019 16:46 |
References: | Agresti, A. (2007), An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis, 2nd edn. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Aidis, R. and Mickiewicz, T. (2004), "Which Entrepreneurs Expect to Expand their Businesses? Evidence from Survey Data in Lithuania", William Davidson Institute Working Paper, No. 723. Ajzen, I. (1991), "The Theory of Planned Behaviour", Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes 50(2), 179–211. Aldrich, H. E. and Martinez, M. A. (2001), "Many are Called, but Few are Chosen: an Evolutionary Perspective for the Study of Entrepreneurship", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 25, 41-56. Arenious, P. and Minniti, M, (2005), "Perceptual Variables and Nascent Entrepreneurship", Small Business Economics 24, 233-247. Autio, E. (2005), "Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2005 Report on High-Expectation Entrepreneurship", London Business School/Mazars/Babson. Autio, E. (2007), "Global Report on High-Growth Entrepreneurship", London Business School/Mazars/Babson. Bager, T. and Schøtt, T. (2004), Growth Expectations by Entrepreneurs in Nascent Firms, Baby Businesses and Mature Firms: Analysis of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Surveys in Denmark 2000-2003, GEM Research Conference, Berlin. Becker, W. E. and Kennedy, P. E. (1992), "A Graphical Exposition of the Ordered Probit", Econometric Theory 8, 127-131. Bhide A. V. (2000), The Origin and Evolution of New Businesses, Oxford University Pres, New York. Brüderl, J. and Preisendörfer, P. (2000), "Fast Growing Businesses. Empirical Evidence from a German Study", International Journal of Sociology 30(1), 45–70. Burns, P.(2001), Entrepreneurship and Small Business. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Cassar, G. (2007), "Money, Money, Money? A Longitudinal Investigation of Entrepreneur Career Reasons, Growth Preferences and Achieved Growth", Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 19, 89-107. Cassar, G. (2006), "Entrepreneur Opportunity Costs and Intended Venture Growth", Journal of Business Venturing 21, 610-632. Cooper, A., Gimeno-Gascon J.and Woo, C. (1994), "Initial Human and Financial Capital as Predictors of New Venture Performance", Journal of Business Venturing 9(5), 371- 395. Cressy, R. (1996), "Pre-entrepreneurial Income, Cash-flow Growth and Survival of Start-up Businesses: Model and Tests on UK Data", Small Business Economics 8(1), 49–58. Davidsson, P. (1989), "Entrepreneurship—and After? A Study of Growth Willingness in Small Firms" Journal of Business Venturing 4(3), 211–226. Eckhardt, J. and Shane, S. (2003), The Individual-opportunity Nexus. in: Z. J. Acs & D. B. Audretsch (eds.), Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research. Dordrecht: Kluwer. European Commission (2003). Green Paper Entrepreneurship in Europe. Retrieved 20 November 2007, from http://europa. eu.int/comm/enterprise/entrepreneurship/green_paper/. Friar, J. and Meyer, M. (2003), "Entrepreneurship and Start-ups in the Boston Region: Factors Differentiating High-growth Ventures from Micro-ventures", Small Business Economics 21, 145–152. Fucks, M.and Salazar, E. (2008), "Applying Models for Ordinal Logistic Regression to the Analysis of Household Electricity Consumption Classes in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil", Energy Economics 30, 1672-92. Greene, W. H. (2003), Econometric Analysis, 5th edn. New Jersey : Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs. Harris, M.N. and Zhao, X. (2007), "A Zero-inflated Ordered Probit Model, with an Application to Modeling Tobacco Consumption", Journal of Econometrics 141, 1073-1099. Hessels, J , van Gelderen, M and Thurik, R (2008), "Entrepreneurial Aspirations, Motivations, and their Drivers", Small Business Economics 31, 323–339. Hosmer, D.W. and Lemeshow, S. (2000), Applied Logistic Regression, 2nd edn. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Jung, T. Y. (1993), "Ordered Logit for Residential Electricity Demand in Korea", Energy Economics 15 (3), 205-209. Karadeniz, E.E. and Ozcam, A. (2010), " The Determinants of the Growth Expectations of the Early-Stage Entrepreneurs (TEA) Using the Ordinal Logistic Model (OLM): The Case of Turkey", Journal of Economic and Business Review, 13(1). Kennedy, P. (1998), A Guide to Econometrics , 4th edn. Massachusetts : Blackwell Publishers Inc. Kirzner, I. M. (1979), Perception, Opportunity and Profit: Studies in the Theory of Entrepreneurship. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. Kolvereid, L. (1992), "Growth Aspirations among Norwegian Entrepreneurs", Journal of Business Venturing 7(3), 209–222. Light, I. and Robenstein, C. (1995), Race, Ethnicity, and Entrepreneurship in Urban America, Aldine De Gruyter, New York, N. Y. McCullagh, P. (1980), "Regression Models for Ordinal Data ( with discussion )", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B 42 (2), 109-142. McKelvey, R.D. and Zavoina, W. (1975), "A Statistical Model for the Analysis of Ordinal Level Dependent Variables", Journal of Mathematical Sociology 4, 103-120. Pages, E. R., Freedman, D., and Von Bargen, P. (2003), Entrepreneurship as a State and Local Economic Development Strategy. In Hart, D. (Ed.), Entrepreneurship Policy (pp. 240–259). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Reynolds, P. D., Bygrave, W. D., Autio, E., Cox, L., & Hay, M. (2002), "Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2002 Executive Report", Kansas City, MO: Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership. Reynolds, P. D., Bygrave, W. D., Autio, E., and others (2004), "Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2003 Executive Report", Kansas City, MO: Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership. Reynolds, P., Bosma, N., Autio, E., Hunt, S., Bono, N.D., Servais, I., Lopez-Garcia, P. and Chin, N. (2005), "Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: data collection design and implementation 1998–2003", Small Business Economics, 24, 205–231. Shane, S., Ventakaraman, S. (2000), "The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research", Academy of Management Review 25 (1), 217-226. Smallbone, D., Baldock, R., & Burgess, S. (2002), "Targeted Support for High-growth Startups: Some Policy Issues", Environment and Planning C 20(2), 195–209. Terjesen, S. and Szerb, L. (2008), "Dice Thrown from the Begining? An Empirical Investigation of Determinants of Firm Level Growth Expectations", Estudio de Economía 35(2), 153-178. Thurik, A. R., Carree, M. A., van Stel A. J., and Audretsch, D. B. (2008), "Does Selfemployment Reduce Unemployment? ", Journal of Business Venturing 23(6), 673- 686. Tominc, P. and Rebernik, M. (2007), "Growth Aspirations and Cultural Support for Entrepreneurship: a Comparison of Post-Socialist Countries", Small Business Economics 28, 239-255. Van Gelderen, M., Brand, M., Van Praag, M., Bodewes, W., Poutsma, E., and Van Gils, A. ( 2008) , “Explaining entrepreneurial intentions by means of the theory of planned behaviour”, Career Development International , 13 (6), 538 – 559. Verheul I. and van Mil, L. (2008), What Determines the Growth Ambition of Dutch Earlystage Entrepreneurs?, Scientific Analysis of Entrepreneurship and SMEs, H200811, Zoetermeer. Wagner, J. and Sternberg, R. (2004), ‘Start-up activities, individual characteristics, and the regional milieu: Lessons for entrepreneurship support policies from German micro data’, Annals of Regional Science, 38(2), 19-240. Walstad, W. and Kourilsky, M. L. (1998), "Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Knowledge of Black Youth", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 23(2), 5–18. Wiklund, J., Davidsson, P., & Delmar, F. (2003), "What do They Think and Feel about Growth? An Expectancy-value Approach to Small Business Managers’ Attitudes toward Growth", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 27(3), 247–270. Wiklund, J. and Shepherd, D. (2003), "Aspiring for and Achieving Growth: The Moderating Role of Resources and Opportunities", Journal of Management Studie, 40 (8), 1919-1941. Wong, B., Ho Y., & Autio, E. (2005), "Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from GEM Data", Small Business Economics 24(3), 335–350. Wynarczyk, P., Watson, R., Storey, D.J., Short, H. and Keasey, K. (1993), The Managerial Labour Market in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises, Routledge, London. Zwan, P., Thurik R., & Grilo I., (2007), The Entrepreneurial Ladder and its Determinants, Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper, TI 2006-103/3. |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/49908 |