城乡户籍与性别的重叠效应——基于身份公平的养老改革

Zou, Tieding and Ye, Hang (2013): 城乡户籍与性别的重叠效应——基于身份公平的养老改革.

Abstract

本文构建了一个基于身份差异的代际交叠模型，分析了户籍和性别的身份标签效应及其二者之间的重叠效应对养老改革的影响,并探讨了身份公平的内涵及其实现途径。研究结果显示：1）二元制结构是造成城乡居民养老福利差异的制度性原因，教育资源、产业布局以及就业机会在城乡之间分布的不均衡性，必然会导致城乡居民获取养老金的概率及水平差异；2）生理特征以及家庭和生育责任等因素是造成男女养老福利差异的根本原因，男女在就业能力以及就业环境上的差异，必然会导致男女获取养老金的概率及水平差异；3）城镇居民获取养老金的概率和水平比农村居民高，以及男性获取养老金的概率和水平比女性高等诸多养老不公的现象，应归因于城乡户籍和性别对养老福利分配所产生的身份标签效应；4）户籍和性别的交互作用对养老福利分配所产生的重叠效应，会导致个体之间出现更为层次分明的养老差异，大致情况为，城镇男性的养老待遇最高，其后依次为城镇女性、农村男性和农村女性。研究结果表明，打破城乡二元制结构，实施帮扶农村地区的教育政策、产业政策、就业政策以及养老政策，有利于纠正身份标签效应及重叠效应对城乡养老福利分配的负面影响。而采用对女性家庭和生育责任进行补偿的照顾性就业政策和养老政策，则有利于纠正身份标签效应及重叠效应对男女养老福利分配的负面影响。

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• English Title: The Overlapping Effects between Household Register and Gender ——Pension Reform which Based on Identity Equity
• Language: Chinese
• Keywords: 户籍；性别；重叠效应；养老保险；身份公平
• Subjects: J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J1 - Demographic Economics

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