Planning and costing of agricultural adaptation with reference to integrated hill farming systems in Nepal.

Paudel, Bikash and Tamang, B B and Lamsal, Krishna and Paudel, Pratima (2011): Planning and costing of agricultural adaptation with reference to integrated hill farming systems in Nepal. Published in: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) Report (2011): pp. 1-45.

Abstract

1. Despite an existing information gap in scientific evidence regarding the effects of future changes in climate patterns and options for the future, the community-based adaptation process should nevertheless be initiated. This requires community involvement through participatory planning in order to make use of local experiences and knowledge. 2. The existing technologies at the community level, and among researchers supporting communities in undertaking adaptations to climate change, are currently inadequately disseminated. While the generation of additional technologies is regarded as a priority in the long term, transfer of already available technologies to the user community should be the immediate priority. 3. The local adaptation plan of action (LAPA) is an effective means to mainstream adaptation options in national and local governmental plans, and to support local communities in planning for adaptation. Although the initial costs of defining this methodology are high, they will decrease as soon as it is evolved and scaled up. Hence, the adaptation costs and resulting benefits will also remain at the local level. 4. The majority of the adaptation actions identified for the hill farming system in Nepal are long-term actions. In order to achieve sustainability, the adaptation actions should not be part of any project or one-time investment, but must be integrated into the regular agricultural development process. 5. Adaptation priorities for the hill farming system of Nepal mainly incorporate improved practices for integrated soil, land, hedgerow and water management – for instance, through water harvesting and small-scale irrigation measures.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• English Title: Planning and costing of agricultural adaptation in the integrated hill farming systems of Nepal
• Language: English
• Keywords: planning, costing, agriculture, adaptation, climate change, hill, Nepal
• Subjects: D - Microeconomics > D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics; D - Microeconomics > D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics > D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation; D - Microeconomics > D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty > D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation > Q28 - Government Policy; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q5 - Environmental Economics > Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q5 - Environmental Economics > Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs ; Distributional Effects ; Employment Effects; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q5 - Environmental Economics > Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters and Their Management ; Global Warming; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q5 - Environmental Economics > Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth

References

sian Development Bank (ADB). 2011. Asian Development Outlook 2011. Asian Development Bank, Manila, the Philippines. Pp 164 - 168. See: http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/ADO/2011/ado2011-nep.pdf, accessed on 20/06/2011.

Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). 2002. Agricultural Census 2001/02. Central Bureau of Statistics, Kathmandu, Nepal. See: //www.cbs.gov.np/Agriculture/Agricultural% 20Monograph %20Final/Chapter02.pdf

Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). 2006. Nepal Living Standards Survey (2003/04). Central Bureau of Statistics, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). 2008. Nepal Labour Force Survey 2008 (NLFS II). Central Bureau of Statistics, Kathmandu, Nepal. See: http://www.cbs.gov.np/Surveys/EXECUTIVE%20SUMMARY.pdf

CIA. 2011.The World Factbook 2011. Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, D.C., USA. See: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos /countrytemplate_np.html

Dahal, H. and Khanal, D. R. 2010. Food security and climate change adaptation framework: Issues and challenges. Presented in the TWG (agriculture and food security) meeting, 23 February 2010, Kathmandu, Nepal. See: wttp://www.MOAC.gov.np/uploads/ Poverty%20and%20Food%20Security%20Updated.pdf

Hall, M., Dixon J., Gullivar, A. and Gibbon, D. 2001. Farming systems and poverty. Improving farmers’ livelihoods in a changing world. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Karkee, M. 2008. Nepal Economic Growth Assessment – Agriculture. United States Agency for International Development. See: http://nepal.usaid.gov/our-work/program-area/economic- growth-education-a-food-security/402-nepal-economic-agriculture-and-trade-neat- activity.html

Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC). 2004. Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Agribusiness Promotion and Statistics Division, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC). 2009. Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Ministry of Environment (MoEnv). 2010. National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA). Ministry of Environment, Kathmandu, Nepal. See: http://www.napanepal.gov.np/pdf_reports/ NAPA_Report.pdf

Ministry of Environment (MoEnv). 2011. Climate Change Policy 2011. Ministry of Environment, Kathmandu, Nepal. See: http://MoEnv.gov.np/newwebsite/moe_admin/download/CC%20Policy%20Final%20English %20030311.doc

Ministry of Finance (MoF). 2010. Nepal Economic Survey 2009/10. Ministry of Finance, Kathmandu, Nepal. See: http://www.mof.gov.np/publication/budget/2010/pdf/chapter1.pdf

National Agriculture Research Council (NARC). 2010. NARC’s Strategic Vision for Agricultural Research (2011-2030). National Agriculture Research Council, Khumaltar and Lalitpur, Nepal.

Nepal Planning Commission (NPC).1997. Agriculture Perspective Plan (1997-2017), Nepal Planning Commission, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Nepal Planning Commission (NPC). 2003. The Tenth Plan Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 2002 - 2007, Nepal Planning Commission, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.. See: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2003/cr03305.pdf

Nepal Planning Commission (NPC).2007. Three-Year Interim Plan (2064/65–2066/67). National Planning Commission, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. See: http://www.unpei.org/PDF/Nepal-3-year-interim-plan-eng.pdf Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB). 2010. Economic Report 2009/10. Nepal Rastra Bank, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Pariyar, D. 2008. Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profile. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. See: http://www.fao.org/ ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Counprof/Nepal/ nepal.htm

Practical Action. 2009. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Climate Change over Nepal (1976 - 2005). See: http://practicalaction.org/ file/region_nepal/ ClimateChange1976-2005.pdf

Rimal, S. and Rimal, R. 2006. Nepal District Profile 2006: A district wise socio-economic profile along with a comprehensive national profile of Nepal. Nepal Development Information Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal.

WFP. 2009. Cost of Coping: A Collision of Crises and the Impact of Sustained Food Security Deterioration in Nepal. United Nations World Food Programme; Nepal Food Security Monitoring System, Lalitpur, Nepal. See: http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb. int/files/resources/1295211F858E4D878525762B005E5451-Full_Report.pdf