Zhao, Liang and Zhu, Xian Chen (2008): An Explanation to Individual Knowledge and Behavior Based on Empirical Substrates.
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_6825.pdf Download (252kB) | Preview |
Abstract
Using recent findings from modern empirical disciplines and mainly building on F.A.Hayek’s thoughts, the paper gives a definition of knowledge in accord with the Austrian School’s tradition, and basing on the definition, it sums up three behavior assumptions and a framework on explaining individual behavior and expounds ideas on hierarchical knowledge and its change in real situations. By this way, the paper believes that the Austrian School can be greatly advanced with the help of modern empirical findings.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | An Explanation to Individual Knowledge and Behavior Based on Empirical Substrates |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | knowledge, shared knowledge, hierarchy, behavioral assumption, reduced framework, empirical foundation |
Subjects: | B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches > B3 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals > B31 - Individuals A - General Economics and Teaching > A1 - General Economics > A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches > B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925 > B25 - Historical ; Institutional ; Evolutionary ; Austrian B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches > B4 - Economic Methodology > B41 - Economic Methodology B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches > B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches > B53 - Austrian |
Item ID: | 6825 |
Depositing User: | liang zhao |
Date Deposited: | 22 Jan 2008 00:22 |
Last Modified: | 13 Oct 2019 23:52 |
References: | Hayek, F. A., (1937) “Economics and Knowledge.” Economica, 3: 33-54. —(1945) “The Use of Knowledge in Society.” The American Economic Review, 35(4): 519-530. —(1952) The Sensory Order: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Theoretical Psychology. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. —(1979) “Epilogue: The Three Sources of Human Values. A Postscript to Law, Legislation and Liberty.” in: Law, Legislation and Liberty. vol.3. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. —(1989) “The Pretence of Knowledge.” The American Economic Review, 79(6): 3-7. —(2000) The fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism. Chinese Version, Beijing: China Social Sciences Press. —(2001)“The Economics, Science and Politics.” in: The Essays of Hayek. Chinese Version. pp.411- 440. Beijing: Capital University of Economics and Business Press. —(2002)“Competition as A Discovery Procedure.” Snow, M. S., (Trans.) The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, 5(3): 9-23. Boettke, P. J., (2002) “Information and Knowledge: Austrian Economics in Search of its Uniqueness.” The Review of Austrian Economics, 15(4): 263–274. Foss, K. and Foss, N.J.,(2006) “The limits to designed orders: Authority under ‘distributed knowledge’ conditions.” The Review of Austrian Economics, 19:261–274. North, D. C., (1994) with Denzau, A.T., “Shared Mental Models: Ideologies and Institutions.” KYKLOS, 47, Fasc.1: 3-31. —(1981) Structure and Change in Economic History, New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. —(December, 2003) with Mantzavinos, C., and Shariq, S., “Learning, Institutions and Economic Performance.” working paper(13#), Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods. — (2005a) “Institutions and the Performance of Economies Over Time.” in: Menard, C. and Shirley, M. M., (Ed.) Handbook of New Institutional Economics. pp.21-30, New York: Springer. — (2005b), Understanding the Process of Economic Change. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Masahiko Aoki,(2001) Towards a Comparative Institutional Analysis. Chinese Version. Shanghai: Shanghai Far East Publishes. Vanderwolf, C.H.,(2007)The Evolving Brain: The Mind and the Neural Control of Behavior. New York: Springer. Miller, Greg.,(2005) “What Is the Biological Basis of Consciousness? ” Science, 309(5731):79. Gazzaniga, M. S.,(1998) The Mind’s Past. California: University of California Press. Fellows, L. K.,(2004) “The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Decision Making: A Review and Conceptual Framework.” Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 3(3):159-172. Bloom, F..,(2006) “Prying Open the Black Box.” Science, 314(5796):17. Gintis, H..,(2007) “A Framework for the Unification of the Behavioral Sciences.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30 (1): 1-16. Menger, C.,(1996) Investigations into the Method of the Social Sciences. Grove City, PA: Libertarian Press. —(2004) Principles of Economics. electronic online edition. Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. Mises, Ludwig Von., (1963) Human Action. Revised ed. New Haven: Yale University Press. —(2003) Epistemological Problems of Economics. 3rd. ed. Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. Popper, K. R.,(1963) Conjectures and Refutations. New York: Basic Books. —(1972) Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach. London: Oxford University Press. Crick, F.,(1994) The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. Jirsa, V. K., and McIntosh, A.R.,(2007) (Ed.), Handbook of Brain Connectivity. Berlin: Springer. Sporns, O., and Tononi, G.,(2007) “Structural Determinants of Functional Brain Dynamics.” in: Jirsa, V. K., and McIntosh, A.R., (Ed.), Handbook of Brain Connectivity. pp.117-147. Berlin: Springer. Kötter, R.,(2007) “Anatomical Concepts of Brain Connectivity.” in: Jirsa, V. K., and McIntosh, A.R., (Ed.), Handbook of Brain Connectivity. pp.148-166. Berlin: Springer. Nicholls, J. G., Martin, A. R., Wallace, B.G., et al.(2001) From Neuron to Brain. 4th ed. Washington: Sinauer Associates, Inc. Eccles, J. C.,(2004) Evolution of the Brain: Creation of the Self. Chinese version. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technological Education Publishing House. Salganik, M. J., Dodds, P. S., Watts, D. J., “Experimental Study of Inequality and Unpredictability in an Artificial Cultural Market.” Science, 311(5762): 854–856. Wilson, E.O.,(1987) On Human Nature. Chinese Version, Guiyang: Gui Zhou People’s Press. —(2000) Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. 25th Anniversary ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Morris, D.,(1970) The Naked Ape. Ontario: Bantam Books of Canada Ltd. Hamer, D., and Copeland, P.,(1998) Living With Our Genes. New York: Random House Inc. Benjamin, J., Lin Li, Patterson, C., et al.(1996) “Population and familial association between the D4 dopamine receptor gene and measures of Novelty Seeking.” Nature Genetics, 12: 81–84. Ono, Y., Manki, H., Kimio Yoshimura, et al.(1997) “Association between dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon 3 polymorphism and novelty seeking in Japanese subjects.” American Journal of Medical Genetics, 74(5): 501-503; Eisen, S.A., Slutske, W.S., Lyons, M.J., et al.(2001) “The genetics of pathological gambling, Semin Clin.” Neuropsychiatry, 6(3): 195-204. Perlovsky, L. I.,(2007) “Neural Dynamic Logic of Consciousness: the Knowledge Instinct.” in: Perlovsky, L. I., Kozma, R.,(Ed.) Neurodynamics of Cognition and Consciousness. pp.73-108.Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Pindyck, R.S., and Rubinfeld,D.L.,(1997) Microeconomics, 3rd ed. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press/Prentice-Hall. Whitlock, J. R., Heynen, A. J., Shuler, M. G., et al.(2006) “Learning Induces Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus.” Science, 313(5790): 1093-1097. Frank, M. J., Seeberger, L. C., O'Reilly, R. C.,(2004) “By Carrot or by Stick: Cognitive Reinforcement Learning in Parkinsonism.” Science, 306(5703): 1940-1943. Bingenheimer, J. B., Brennan, R. T., Earls, F. J.,(2005) “Firearm Violence Exposure and Serious Violent Behavior”, Science, 308(5726): 1323-1326. Shuzhen Hao, Sharp, J. W., Ross-Inta, C. M., et al.(2005) “Uncharged tRNA and Sensing of Amino Acid Deficiency in Mammalian Piriform Cortex”, Science, 307(5716): 1776–1778. Rudebeck, P. H., Buckley, M. J., Walton, M. E., et al.(2006) “A Role for the Macaque Anterior Cingulate Gyrus in Social Valuation”, Science, 313(5791):1310-1312. Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., et al(1997) “Deciding Advantageously Before Knowing the Advantageous Strategy.” Science, 275(5306):1293-1295. Piaget, J.,(1997) The Principles of Genetic Epistemology. Chinese Version, Beijing: The Commercial Press. Arthur, W. B.,(1992) “On Learning and Adaptation in the Economy.” working paper(92-07-038), the Santa Fe Institute Economics Research Program. Brown, J. W., Braver, T. S.,(2005) “Learned Predictions of Error Likelihood in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex.” Science, 307(5712):1118-1121. Rougier, N. P., Noelle, D. C., Braver, T. S.,(2005) “Prefrontal cortex and flexible cognitive control: Rules without symbols.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(20): 7338-7343. Schultz, W., Dayan, P., Montague, P. R.,(1997) “A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward.” Science, 275(5306):1593-1599. Machens, C. K., Romo, R., Brody, C. D.,(2005) “Flexible Control of Mutual Inhibition: A Neural Model of Two-Interval Discrimination.” Science, 307(5712):1121-1124. Ridderinkhof, K. R., Wildenberg, W. P.,(2005) “Adaptive Coding.” Science, 307(5712):1059-1060. Lumsden, C. J., Wildson, E. O.,(1990) Promethean Fire: Reflections on The Origin of Mind. Chinese Version. Beijing: Shenghuo-Dushu-Xinzhi Joint Publishing Company. Cosmides, L., Tooby, J., with Barkow, J., (ed.)(1992) The Adapted Mind:Evolutionary Psychology and The Generation of Culture. New York: Oxford University Press. —(1994) “Better than Rational: Evolutionary Psychology and the Invisible Hand”, the American Economic Review, 84(2): 327-332. —(2006)“Evolutionary Psychology, Moral Heuristics, and the Law.” in: Gigerenzer, G., Engel, Christoph.,(Ed.) Heuristics and the Law. pp.181-212. Cambridge: MIT Press. Sur, M., and Rubenstein, J. L. R.,(2005) “Patterning and Plasticity of the Cerebral Cortex.” Science, 310(5749): 805-810. Gray, J. R., Thompson, P. M.(2004) “Neurobiology of intelligence-science and ethics”, Nature Reviews, Neuroscience, 5: 471- 482. Ayumu Tashiro, Sandler, V. M., Toni, N., et al.(2006) “NMDA-receptor-mediated, cell-specific integration of new neurons in adult dentate gyrus.” Nature, 442(7105): 929-933. Hauser, M. D., Spelke, E.,(2004) “Evolutionary and developmental foundations of human knowledge: A case study of mathematics.” in: Gazzaniga, M.,(Ed.) The Cognitive Neurosciences III. pp.853-864. Cambridge: MIT Press. Hasson, U., Nir, Y., Levy, I., et al.(2004) “Intersubject Synchronization of Cortical Activity During Natural Vision.” Science, 303(5664):1634-1640. Pessoa, L.,(2004) “Seeing the World in the Same Way.” Science, 303(5664):1617-1618 Stern, P., Hines, P. J.,(2005) “Neuroscience: Systems-Level Brain Development”, Science, 310(5749): 801. Bloom, P., Weisberg, D. S.,(2007) “Childhood Origins of Adult Resistance to Science.” Science, 316(5827): 996-997. Gordon, P.,(August 19, 2004) “Numerical Cognition Without Words: Evidence from Amazonia.” Science Online, Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1094492. Tobler, P. N., Fiorillo, C. D., Schultz, W.,(2005) “Adaptive Coding of Reward Value by Dopamine Neurons.” Science, 307(5715):1642-1645. Pavlov, I. P.,(1927) Conditioned Reflexes. London: Oxford University Press. McClure, S. M., Laibson, D. I., Loewenstein, G., et al.(2004) “Separate Neural Systems Value Immediate and Delayed Monetary Rewards.” Science, 306(5695): 503-507. Camille, N., Coricelli, G., Sallet, J., et al.(2004) “The Involvement of the Orbitofrontal Cortex in the Experience of Regret.” Science, 304(5674):1167-1170. Hamlin, J. K., Wynn, K., Bloom, P.,(2007) “Social evaluation by preverbal infants.” Nature, 450(7169): 557-559. Sternberg,R.J.,(2006) “Cognitive Psychology.” Chinese Version, Beijing: Chinese Light Industry Press. Martino, B. De., Kumaran, D., Seymour, B., et al.(2006) “Frames, Biases, and Rational Decision-Making in the Human Brain.” Science, 313(5787): 684-687. Schotter, A.,(1981)“The Economic Theory of Social Institutions.” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. —(2002)with Yaw Nyarko, “An Experimental Study of Belief Learning Using Elicited Beliefs.” Econometrica, 70(3): 971–1005. Ostrom, E.,(2004) “The working parts of rules and how they may evolve over time.” working paper(#0404), Max Planck Institute for Research into Economic Systems Evolutionary Economics Group. Camerer, C. F., Fehr, E.,(2006) “When Does ‘Economic Man’ Dominate Social Behavior?” Science, 311(5757): 47-52. Polanyi, M.,(1958) Personal knowledge: Towards a post-critical philosophy. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. —(1983), The tacit dimension. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith. Nelson, R., Winter, S.,(1982) “An Evolutionary Theory of Economics Change.” Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Dehaene, S., Izard, V., Pica, P., et al.(2006) “Core Knowledge of Geometry in an Amazonian Indigene Group.” Science, 311(5759): 381-384. Stern, P., Chin, G., Travis, J.,(2004) “Neuroscience: Higher Brain Functions.” Science, 306(5695): 431. |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/6825 |